title: Association of protein structure, protein and carbohydrate subfractions with bioenergy profiles and biodegradation functions in modeled forage.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to detect unique aspects and association of forage protein inherent structure, biological compounds, protein and carbohydrate subfractions, bioenergy profiles, and biodegradation features. In this study, common available alfalfa hay from two different sourced-origins (FSO vs. CSO) was used as a modeled forage for inherent structure profile, bioenergy, biodegradation and their association between their structure and bio-functions. The molecular spectral profiles were determined using non-invasive molecular spectroscopy. The parameters included: protein structure amide I group, amide II group and their ratios; protein subfractions (PA1, PA2, PB1, PB2, PC); carbohydrate fractions (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, CB1, CB2, CC); biodegradable and undegradable fractions of protein (RDPA2, RDPB1, RDPB2, RDP; RUPA2 RUPB1, RUPB2, RUPC, RUP); biodegradable and undegradable fractions of carbohydrate (RDCA4, RDCB1, RDCB2, RDCB3, RDCHO; RUCA4, RUCB1; RUCB2; RUCB3 RUCC, RUCHO) and bioenergy profiles (tdNDF, tdFA, tdCP, tdNFC, TDN1×, DE3×, ME3×, NEL3×; NEm, NEg). The results show differences in protein and carbohydrate (CHO) subfractions in the moderately degradable true protein fraction (PB1: 502 vs. 420 g/kg CP, P=0.09), slowly degraded true protein fraction (PB2: 45 vs. 96 g/kg CP, P=0.02), moderately degradable CHO fraction (CB2: 283 vs. 223 g/kg CHO, P=0.06) and slowly degraded CHO fraction (CB3: 369 vs. 408 g/kg CHO) between the two sourced origins. As to biodegradable (RD) fractions of protein and CHO in rumen, there were differences in RD of PB1 (417 vs. 349 g/kg CP, P=0.09), RD of PB2 (29 vs. 62 g/kg CP, P=0.02), RD of CB2 (251 vs. 198 g/kg DM, P=0.06), RD of CB3 (236 vs. 261 g/kg CHO, P=0.08). As to bioenergy profile, there were differences in total digestible nutrient (TDN: 551 vs. 537 g/kg DM, P=0.06), and metabolic bioenergy (P=0.095). As to protein molecular structure, there were differences in protein structure 1st and 2nd amide groups (P<0.10), but no difference in the 1st to 2nd amide group intensity ratios (P>0.05). These results indicate that the sourced-origins and the internal molecular structure profiles affected biological functions, nutrient bioavailability and biodegradation.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Cuiying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China. Electronic address: zhangxuewei63@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuewei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Electronic address: peiqiang.yu@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Peiqiang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Association between structure and biofunctions; Biodegradation; Modeled forage; Molecular structure