title: Management and outcomes of children with severe burns in New South Wales: 1995-2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a result of improvements in injury prevention, severe burns appear increasingly uncommon in Australian children. Such injuries continue to have devastating impacts, with major consequences for the patient, their family, treating clinicians and the caring institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was undertaken of Australian children who presented to our institution between 1995 and 2013 with burn injuries ≥30% total body surface area (TBSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety children were identified. Their median age was 3.9 years and 57% (n = 52) were male. Most injuries occurred at home (n = 63) due to fires (n = 49). The majority received inadequate first aid (n = 56) and 40 became hypothermic during initial resuscitation. A total of 79% were transferred from other institutions. The median TBSA burnt was 40% and the majority of burns were full thickness (n = 51). All but nine were managed in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with a mean initial hospital admission of 43.5 days. Two thirds of children were intubated, over half of those prior to transfer, with 26 having an inhalational injury and 33 escharotomies. Compared with estimated fluid requirements, most children were over-resuscitated by a median of 26.9 mL/kg. There were seven mortalities. Wound infections were common (n = 65) and 36 suffered sepsis. The median number of dressing changes was 13 (range 0-100), operations were six and packed cells transfused was 95.7 mL/kg. Overall, 54 developed hypertrophic scarring and 45 scar contractures that have required subsequent reconstructive surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe burn injuries in children have significant morbidity and mortality. They would appear expensive to manage and impact substantially on health care resources.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Ela J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Torey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.|Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.|Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew J A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002053:Burn Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002056:Burns / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
keywords: burns; inhalational injury; paediatric; trauma