title: Is the era of intravenous proton pump inhibitors coming to an end in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers? Meta-analysis of the published literature.
abstract: Oral and intravenous proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are equipotent in raising gastric pH. However, it is not known whether oral PPIs can replace intravenous PPIs in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers.
  
  
  
  We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare oral and intravenous PPIs among patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. A search of all major databases and relevant journals from inception to April 2015, without a restriction on languages, was performed.
  
  
  
  A total of 859 patients from seven randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Similar pooled outcome measures were demonstrated between the two groups in terms of oral PPIs vs. intravenous PPIs in the rate of recurrent bleeding within the 30-day follow-up period [risk ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 1.39; P = 0.62; I(2)  = 0%). In terms of the rate of mortality, both oral and intravenous PPIs showed similar outcomes, and the pooled risk ratio was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.29, 2.71; P = 0.82; I(2)  = 0%). Likewise, no significant difference was detected in the need for blood transfusion and length of hospital stay; the pooled mean differences were -0.14 (95% CI: -0.39, 0.12; P = 0.29; I(2)  = 32%) and -0.60 (95% CI: -1.42, 0.23; P = 0.16; I(2)  = 79%), respectively.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that oral PPIs are a feasible, safe alternative to intravenous PPIs in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, and may be able to replace intravenous PPIs as the treatment of choice in these patients.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Neurological Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, B.S. Biomedical Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Race
authors.affiliation: Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haosheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D006801:Humans; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: bleeding peptic ulcers; intravenous; oral; proton pump inhibitors