title: Sweating: A Specific Predictor of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among the Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Sweating In Myocardial Infarction (SWIMI) Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today, cardiologists seek to minimize time from symptom onset to interventional treatment for the most favorable results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) symptom complex, sweating can differentiate ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) during early hours of infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-center, prospective, observational study compared symptoms of STEMI and NSTE-ACS patients admitted from August 2012 to July 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 12 913 patients, 90.56% met ACS criteria. Among these, 22.51% had STEMI. Typical angina was the most common symptom (83.82%). On stepwise multiple regression, sweating (odds ratio: 97.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.16-114.14, P < 0.0001) and typical angina (odds ratio: 2.72, 95% CI: 2.18-3.38, P < 0.001) had significant association with STEMI. For diagnosis of STEMI, positive likelihood ratio (LR) and positive predictive value (PPV) were highest for typical angina with sweating (LR: 11.17, 95% CI: 10.31-12.1; PPV: 76.09, 95% CI: 74.37-77.75), followed by sweating with atypical angina (LR: 3.6, 95% CI: 3.07-4.21; PPV: 50.61, 95% CI: 46.45-54.76), typical angina (LR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07; PPV: 22.97, 95% CI: 22.11-23.84), and atypical angina (LR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69-0.87; PPV: 18.09, 95% CI: 16.32-19.97). C statistic values of 0.859 for typical angina with sweating and 0.519 for typical angina alone reflected high discriminatory value of sweating for STEMI prediction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of sweating with ACS symptoms predicts probability of STEMI, even before clinical confirmation. Sweating in association with typical or atypical angina is a much better predictor of STEMI than NSTE-ACS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gokhroo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Bhanwar L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Ranwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishor
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Kumari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Priti
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ananthraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Sajal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Devendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bisht
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013546:Sweating