title: Evaluation of Copper and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatments on the Biology, Biomechanics, and Cytotoxicity of Decellularized Dermal Allografts.
abstract: Decellularized tissue allografts are paving the way as an alternative to cellular tissue transplantation. Effective sterilization or decontamination of tissue allografts is paramount for the safety of the allograft; however, some of the current sterilization procedures have a detrimental effect on the tissue scaffold. The bactericidal and virucidal activity of copper (II) ions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been widely reported, however, their effect on the biology, biochemistry, and biocompatibility of decellularized tissue have yet to be elucidated. In this study, decellularized human dermis (dCELL human dermis) was treated with copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) and H2O2; both singly and in combination, and parameters, including concentration, pH, and synergy between CuCl2 and H2O2, were evaluated to identify conditions where any detrimental effects on the tissue scaffold were observed. Skin from 13 human donors was retrieved with appropriate consent and processed into dCELL human dermis. The dCELL human dermis was then treated for 3 h with 0.1 mg/L-1 g/L (w/v) CuCl2 and 0.01-7.5% (v/v) H2O2 and combinations of both of these in the same concentration range. dCELL human dermis treated with solutions of 0.1 mg/L-1 g/L CuCl2 or 0.01-7.5% H2O2 caused no detrimental effects on gross histology, collagen denaturation, collagen orientation, and biomechanical properties of the tissue or cytotoxicity. The highest combined concentration of CuCl2 and H2O2 demonstrated an increase in ultimate tensile strength, loss of collagen type IV immunostaining at the dermal-epidermal junction, and in vitro cytotoxicity. Combinations within the range of up to 10 mg/L CuCl2 with up to 0.5% H2O2 had no effect. The data identify the concentrations of CuCl2 and H2O2 solutions that have no effect on the biological, biomechanical, and biochemical properties of dCELL human dermis, while retaining biocompatibility. These treatments may be suitable for use as sterilization/decontamination agents on human decellularized tissues.
authors.affiliation: NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Sophie F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Leow-Dyke
authors.affiliation: NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.affiliation: NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kearney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D064591:Allografts / Q000187:drug effects*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007477:Ions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012996:Solutions; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions; D012996:Solutions; D003300:Copper; D003094:Collagen; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006909:Hydroxyproline