title: Association of interferon lambda-1 with herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2, Epstein-Barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus in chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontal tissues facilitate the homing of herpes viruses that elicit the immune-inflammatory response releasing the interferons (IFN). IFN lambda-1 (λ1) can suppress the replication of viruses, and induces the antiviral mechanism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between IFN-λ1 and periodontal herpes viruses in the immunoregulation of chronic periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study design included 30 chronic periodontitis patients with a mean age of 42.30 ± 8.63 years. Gingival crevicular fluid collected was assessed for IFN-λ1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and four herpes viruses were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique. IFN-λ1 levels were compared between virus-positive and -negative patients for individual and total viruses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty per cent (n = 15) of patients were positive for the four herpes viruses together; 50% (n = 15), 30% (n = 9), 26.7% (n = 8), and 40% (n = 12) were positive for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, Epstein-Barr virus, HSV-2, and human cytomegalovirus, respectively. The mean concentrations of IFN-λ1 in virus-positive patients (14.38 ± 13.95) were lower than those of virus-negative patients (228.26 ± 215.35). INF-λ1 levels in individual virus groups were also lower in virus-positive patients compared to virus-negative patients, with P < 0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IFN-λ1 could have antiviral and therapeutic value against the viruses in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Buraydah College of Pharmacy and Dentistry, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
authors.lastname: Muzammil
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faizuddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, PES University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Noor Ahamadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
keywords: Epstein-Barr virus; chronic periodontitis; herpes simplex virus; human cytomegalovirus; interferon lambda-1