title: Endocrinopathies induced by immune-checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: The advent of immunotherapy has recently expanded the therapeutic options in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In these patients, the recent efficacy demonstration of antibodies against immune checkpoints: the anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has led to approval of nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The mechanism of action of checkpoint inhibitors explains the development of autoimmune diseases as a side-effect of these medications. Among these, a spectrum of endocrine disorders has been also reported. This manuscript focuses particularly on endocrine disorders induced by immuno-checkpoint inhibitors employed in NSCLC, in order to suggest the strategies for their diagnosis and effective management.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Medical Oncology , "S. G. Moscati" Hospital , Avellino , Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sgambato
authors.affiliation: c Division of Pathologic Anatomy , "S. G. Moscati" Hospital , Avellino , Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Chiara
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casaluce
authors.affiliation: d Department of Experimental Medicine , "Sapienza" University , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Losanno
authors.affiliation: a Division of Medical Oncology , "S. G. Moscati" Hospital , Avellino , Italy.
authors.forename: Paola Claudia
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: a Division of Medical Oncology , "S. G. Moscati" Hospital , Avellino , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santabarbara
authors.affiliation: a Division of Medical Oncology , "S. G. Moscati" Hospital , Avellino , Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gridelli
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab; C582435:pembrolizumab
keywords: CTLA-4; NSCLC; PD-1; PD-L1; endocrine toxicities; immunotherapy