title: Survey of immuno-allergological ultra high dilution research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experiments about basic research in Immuno-allergology reported by M. Bastide and B. Poitevin in Ultra High Dilution (1994) have been appraised from a 20 year perspective. The numerous experiments published mainly focus on immunological regulation, inflammatory process and basophil activation. They are analyzed according to one essential criterion: repeatability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The commentary reflects the research details made available in a recently published literature review, also published in French.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The regulatory effect of high dilution of bursin on immune response has been observed in multiple experiments but not reproduced by independent teams. The immunomodulating effect of Thymulin has been confirmed in mice. Rhus toxicodendron has an anti-inflammatory activity on different models, from mother tincture (TM) to very high dilutions. The homeopathic complex Canova activates macrophages in vitro and in vivo, induces lymphocyte proliferation, and reduces the size of tumors and mortality of sarcoma-bearing mice. Some homeopathic medicines used in clinical inflammation modulate in vitro the neutrophil activation, with variability in the protocols used and in the medicines tested. In allergology, high dilution histamine has an inhibitory effect on basophil activation in multicenter trials and with independent teams, either with methods implying a change in basophil staining or with flow cytometry. However, high dilution histamine had no effect in some well-conducted experiments. The inhibitory effect of Apis mellifica has not been studied with the flow cytometry method, as well as the activation of basophil by anti-IgE high dilution, published in Nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite considerable research activity in immuno-allergology and a great increase in the number of publications, there is still not in this domain a "gold standard" trial in basic research in homeopathy. The most studied system, the inhibitory effect of histamine high dilutions on basophil activation, requires clarifications of various factors, including individual sensitivity. For scientific and epistemological reasons, the same work should be carried out for independent reproduction of the experiments conducted with anti-IgE and Apis mel high dilution, in complement of the new axes of research in immunoallergology developed since 20 years.
authors.affiliation: Cabinet médical d'allergologie et d'homéopathie, Bormes les Mimosas, France. Electronic address: bernard.poitevin@wanadoo.fr.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poitevin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006632:Histamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice / Q000254:growth & development; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards; D012251:Toxicodendron / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; C026408:anti-IgE antibodies; D006632:Histamine
keywords: Anti-IgE high dilution; Apis mellifica; Histamine; Memory of water; Rhus toxicodendron