title: Lactifluus volemus in Europe: Three species in one--Revealed by a multilocus genealogical approach, Bayesian species delimitation and morphology.
abstract: This study provides morphological and molecular evidence (from nuclear ITS, LSU, and rpb2 DNA sequences) for three previously unrecognized species within the morphospecies Lactifluus volemus from Europe. Phylogenetic species are supported by both a multi-locus tree-based method and Bayesian species delimitation. Lactifluus volemus and Lactifluus oedematopus are provided with a new description, and a third species, Lactifluus subvolemus, is described as new to science. Lactifluus oedematopus can be easily recognized by its short pileipellis hairs. Both L. volemus and L. subvolemus have longer pileipellis hairs and can only be distinguished from each other based on cap colour. Intermediary colour forms, however, occur as well, and cannot be identified as either L. volemus or L. subvolemus without molecular data. Revealing that L. volemus--already considered extinct in the Netherlands and the Belgian Flemish region, and declining in other European countries--is actually a complex of three species that are even more vulnerable to extinction, this study emphasizes the fundamental role of taxonomy in species conservation.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: kobeke.vandeputte@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Kobeke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van de Putte
authors.affiliation: Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: jorinde.nuytinck@naturalis.nl.
authors.forename: Jorinde
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nuytinck
authors.affiliation: Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: eske.decrop@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Eske
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Crop
authors.affiliation: Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: mieke.verbeken@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verbeken
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000379:methods*; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal
keywords: Ectomycorrhiza; General lineage concept of species; Morphological species; Species complex