title: Comparison of Penetration of Irrigant Activated by Traditional Methods with A Novel Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of irrigation depends upon various irrigation activation methods & devices used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare and evaluate the penetration of irrigant upto working length and into simulated lateral canals using four different irrigation activation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  The root canals of 60 single-rooted teeth were instrumented using the proTaper rotary system. After decalcification of each sample tooth, three simulated lateral canals were created at 2mm, 4mm and 6mm levels from the root apex using a 06-size C+ file. After clearing the samples they were randomly assigned into four experimental groups (n=15) and 1ml of Irrigating Contrast Solution (ICS) was delivered into all samples and then it is activated with 4 different methods Group I-Conventional syringe and needle, Group II - Sonic activation with Endo activator, Group III - Ultrasonic activation with ultrasonic tips and Group IV - Activation using reciprocation movement. All the samples were examined under a stereomicroscope and irrigant penetration was evaluated by means of penetration of ICS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group III and Group IV resulted in better penetration of ICS into lateral canals at 2mm and 4mm depth (p<0.001), when compared with Group I and II. At lateral canals 6mm all the groups except Group I, had shown 100 % penetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of irrigant using reciprocation was able to achieve penetration of irrigating contrast solution both up to the working length and into lateral canals. Hence the clinical significance of this method of irrigant activation is that it can be used for effective penetration of irrigants both upto working length and into lateral canals.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Telangana, India .
authors.forename: Pavan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kanumuru
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Telangana, India .
authors.forename: Sujatha Gopal
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sooraparaju
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Telangana, India .
authors.forename: Karthik Roy
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Konda
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Telangana, India .
authors.forename: Surya Kumari
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Nujella
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Telangana, India .
authors.forename: Bala Kasi
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Telangana, India .
authors.forename: Siva Ram
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Penigalapati
keywords: Irrigating contrast solution; Reciprocation; Simulated lateral canals; Sonicactivation; Ultrasonic activation