title: Levoglucosan and phenols in Antarctic marine, coastal and plateau aerosols.
abstract: Due to its isolated location, Antarctica is a natural laboratory for studying atmospheric aerosols and pollution in remote areas. Here, we determined levoglucosan and phenolic compounds (PCs) at diverse Antarctic sites: on the plateau, a coastal station and during an oceanographic cruise. Levoglucosan and PCs reached the Antarctic plateau where they were observed in accumulation mode aerosols (with median levoglucosan concentrations of 6.4 pg m(-3) and 4.1 pg m(-3), and median PC concentrations of 15.0 pg m(-3) and 7.3 pg m(-3)). Aged aerosols arrived at the coastal site through katabatic circulation with the majority of the levoglucosan mass distributed on larger particulates (24.8 pg m(-3)), while PCs were present in fine particles (34.0 pg m(-3)). The low levoglucosan/PC ratios in Antarctic aerosols suggest that biomass burning aerosols only had regional, rather than local, sources. General acid/aldehyde ratios were lower at the coastal site than on the plateau. Levoglucosan and PCs determined during the oceanographic cruise were 37.6 pg m(-3) and 58.5 pg m(-3) respectively. Unlike levoglucosan, which can only be produced by biomass burning, PCs have both biomass burning and other sources. Our comparisons of these two types of compounds across a range of Antarctic marine, coastal, and plateau sites demonstrate that local marine sources dominate Antarctic PC concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy. Electronic address: roberta.zangrando@idpa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zangrando
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vecchiato
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Natalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kehrwald
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbante
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambaro
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005947:Glucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C014989:1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Aerosols; Antarctica; Biomass burning; Levoglucosan; Phenolic compounds