title: Beyond starvation: An update on the autophagic machinery and its functions.
abstract: Autophagy was originally identified as a cytoprotective system that provides emergency backup energy and basic building blocks under starvation condition by digesting self components. Recent advances in the field unveiled that this system also protects cells against multiple types of stress, as well as invasion by pathogens. Consistent with these findings, autophagy has been redefined as a safeguard system that plays a vital role in human pathology, and this realization has led to exponential progress in autophagy research. In this review, we introduce the basic mechanisms of canonical autophagy and also discuss selective autophagy, a set of pathways that target specific cellular components for digestion; in particular, we focus on lysophagy, a recently identified mechanism required for lysosomal homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000071182:Autophagosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D060467:Disease Resistance; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Autophagic machinery; Autophagy; Lysophagy