title: Lignocellulose-based analytical devices: bamboo as an analytical platform for chemical detection.
abstract: This article describes the development of lignocellulose-based analytical devices (LADs) for rapid bioanalysis in low-resource settings. LADs are constructed using either a single lignocellulose or a hybrid design consisting of multiple types of lignocellulose. LADs are simple, low-cost, easy to use, provide rapid response, and do not require external instrumentation during operation. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of LADs for food and water safety (i.e., nitrite assay in hot-pot soup, bacterial detection in water, and resazurin assay in milk) and urinalysis (i.e., nitrite, urobilinogen, and pH assays in human urine). Notably, we created a unique approach using simple chemicals to achieve sensitivity similar to that of commercially available immunochromatographic strips that is low-cost, and provides on-site, rapid detection, for instance, of Eschericia coli (E. coli) in water.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Meng
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.|Department of Anesethesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: York
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D031787:Sasa / Q000737:chemistry*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin