title: Inhibitory effects of Kaempferia parviflora extract on monocyte adhesion and cellular reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora (KP) is used in traditional Thai medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of an ethanol KP extract and two of its components [5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) and 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF)] on monocyte adhesion and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which provide an in vitro model of events relevant to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  RAW264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells were incubated with various concentrations of KP extract or polymethoxyflavonoids and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide prior to measuring nitrite levels in the culture media. Monocyte adhesion was evaluated by measuring the fluorescently labeled human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells that is attached to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated HUVECs. Cellular ROS production was assessed by measuring cellular antioxidant activity using pyocyanin-stimulated HUVECs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KP extract and DMF reduced nitrite levels (as indicator of nitric oxide production) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and also inhibited THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs. These treatments induced mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs and downregulated that of various cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory mediators, and endothelial function-related genes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was inhibited by KP extract in vitro. Furthermore, KP extract, DMF, and TMF inhibited the production of cellular ROS in pyocyanin-stimulated HUVECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KP extract, DMF, and TMF showed potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in these in vitro models, properties that would inhibit the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.|Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horigome
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Shihomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inohana
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fushimi
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.|Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582, Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.|Research and Development Office, Kubara Honke Shokuhin Co., Ltd., 1442, Ino, Hisayama-machi, Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka, 811-2503, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoyama
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Katsuda
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10, Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watai
authors.affiliation: Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, 820, Makabe, Itoman, Okinawa, 901-0336, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources Engineering, Okinawa National College of Technology, 905 Henoko, Nago, Okinawa, 905-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan. shirakah@m.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C000622038:5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C060298:5,7-dimethoxyflavone; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cell adhesion; HUVECs; Inflammatory mediator; Kaempferia parviflora; Polymethoxyflavonoid