title: Systematic evaluation of the biological variance within the Raman based colorectal tissue diagnostics.
abstract: Being among the most common cancers worldwide screening and early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is of high interest for the health system, the patients and for research. Raman microspectroscopy as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive technique is a promising tool for an early diagnosis. However, to ensure a reliable diagnosis specially designed statistical analysis workflows are required. Several statistical approaches have been introduced leading to varying results in the overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. In this study a systematic evaluation of different statistical analysis approaches has been performed using a colon cancer mouse model with genotypic identical individuals. Based on the inter-individual Raman spectral variances a measure for the biological variance can be estimated. By applying a leave-one-individual-out cross-validation a clinically relevant discrimination of healthy tissue versus adenoma and carcinoma with an accuracy of 95% is shown. Furthermore, the transfer of a model from tissue to biopsy specimen is demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vogler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany. thomas.bocklitz@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bocklitz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Subhi Salah
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mireskandari
authors.affiliation: Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Greten
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stallmach
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Iver
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany.|Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
keywords: Raman microspectroscopy; cancer diagnosis; chemometrics