title: Haemodynamic Responses to Tracheal Intubation Using Propofol, Etomidate and Etomidate-Propofol Combination in Anaesthesia Induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to measure the haemodynamic responses to a etomidate-propofol combination used for anaesthesia induction and to compare the haemodynamic responses with the separate use of each drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were randomly divided into three groups as group P (n = 30, propofol 2.5 mg kg(-1)), group E (n = 30, etomidate 0.3 mg kg(-1)) and group PE (n = 30, propofol 1.25 mg kg(-1) + etomidate 0.15 mg kg(-1)). For each patient, the times of measurement of the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure values were defined as baseline, after the induction, before the intubation, immediately after the intubation and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minutes after the intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 3 groups, a significant decrease in MAP values were seen at T2 and T3 compared to the baseline values, and this decrease was greater in group P compared to that in group E and PE (P < 0.001, P < 0.01). A significant increase was seen in all 3 groups in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) value at T4 after the intubation. When the groups were compared with each other, this increase was greater in group E than in the other two groups (with group P, P < 0.001; with group PE, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etomidate-propofol combination may be a valuable alternative when extremes of hypotensive and hypertensive responses due to propofol and etomidate are best to be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Ordu University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Yağan
authors.affiliation: Ordu University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taş
authors.affiliation: Harran University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sanlıurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Küçük
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hancı
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bülent Serhan
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yurtlu
keywords: Endotracheal Intubation; Etomidate; Hemodynamic; Propofol