title: Occurrence of antibodies anti -Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leptospira interrogans in a captive deer herd in Southern Brazil.
abstract: A large number of Brazilian zoos keep many endangered species of deer, however, very few disease surveillance studies have been conducted among captive cervids. Blood samples from 32 Brazilian deer (Blastocerus dichotomus, Mazama nana and Mazama americana) kept in captivity at Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary (Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil) were investigated for 10 ruminant pathogens, with the aims of monitoring deer health status and evaluating any potential zoonotic risk. Deer serum samples were tested for Brucella abortus, Leptospira (23 serovars), Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, western equine encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Antibodies against T. gondii (15.6%), N. caninum (6.2%) and L. interrogans serogroup Serjoe (3.1%) were detected. The serological results for all other infectious agents were negative. The deer were considered to be clinically healthy and asymptomatic regarding any disease. Compared with studies on free-ranging deer, the prevalences of the same agents tested among the captive deer kept at the Sanctuary were lower, thus indicating good sanitary conditions and high-quality management practices at the zoo.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cristina Kraemer
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Zimpel
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Laura
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Grazziotin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ivan Roque
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: de Barros Filho
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Marcia de Sa
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guimaraes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leonilda Correia
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wanderlei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.affiliation: Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista, Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Zalmir Silvino
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Cubas
authors.affiliation: Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista, Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcos Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Edviges Maristela
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pituco
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Eliana Monteforte Cassaro
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Villalobos
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lília Marcia Paulin
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Elenice Maria Sequetin
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alexander Welker
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Biondo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000276:immunology*; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002003:Brucella abortus / Q000276:immunology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003670:Deer / Q000276:immunology*; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology; D004668:Encephalitis Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D007921:Leptospira interrogans / Q000276:immunology*; D018688:Neospora / Q000276:immunology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan