title: Epidemiology of rheumatic diseases in Mixtec and Chontal indigenous communities in Mexico: a cross-sectional community-based study.
abstract: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders and rheumatic diseases in the Chontal and Mixtec indigenous communities in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, using the Community-Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) methodology. After cross-culturally validating the COPCORD questionnaire for these communities, we conducted a cross-sectional, analytical, community-based census study using a house-to-house method. Positive cases of MSK disorders were assessed by primary care physicians and rheumatologists. The study population included participants aged ≥18 years from the indigenous communities of San Antonio Huitepec and San Carlos Yautepec. A total of 1061 persons participated in the study. Mean age was 46.9 years (standard deviation 19.9; age range 18-97 years); 642 (60.5 %) were women; 483 participants (45.5; 42.4-48.5 %) had MSK pain in the previous 7 days. Diagnoses were back pain 170 (16.0 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 13.8-18.3); osteoarthritis 157 (14.7 %; 95 % CI 12.7-17.0); rheumatic regional pain syndrome 53 (4.9 %; 95 % CI 3.7-6.4); rheumatoid arthritis 4 (0.3 %; 95 % CI 0.1-0.9); dermatomyositis 1 (0.09 %; 95 % CI 0.0-0.5); ankylosing spondylitis 1 (0.09 %; 95 % CI 0.0-0.5); systemic lupus erythematosus 1 (0.09 %; 95 % CI 0.02-0.5); and gout 1 (0.09 %; 95 % CI 0.0-0.5). 53.2 % had not received medical treatment for their disease. The prevalence of MSK disorders in indigenous communities in the Mixtec and Chontal regions is very high. The most common rheumatic diseases found were back pain and osteoarthritis. A high percentage of participants had not received medical care.
authors.affiliation: Sociomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Flor
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Julián-Santiago
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, General Hospital of México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148. Colonia Doctores. Del. Cuauhtemoc., C.P. 06726, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Conrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Imelda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Olivera
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Regional General Hospital No. 1 "Dr. Carlos McGregor Sánchez-Navarro", Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico. Sociomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Goycochea-Robles
authors.affiliation: Sociomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico. pelaezin@prodigy.net.mx.|Rheumatology Department, General Hospital of México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148. Colonia Doctores. Del. Cuauhtemoc., C.P. 06726, Mexico City, Mexico. pelaezin@prodigy.net.mx.
authors.forename: Ingris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pelaez-Ballestas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001416:Back Pain / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007197:Indians, Central American; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000208:ethnology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000208:ethnology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: COPCORD; Indigenous population; Mexico; Oaxaca; Prevalence; Rheumatic diseases