title: Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite: A New Era in Bone Regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Defects of maxillofacial skeleton lead to personal (functional and aesthetic), social and behavioral problems; which make the person to isolate from the main stream of society. So, bone regeneration is the need for proper structure, function, and aesthetics following cyst enucleation, trauma, and tumor ablative surgery; which helps for overall health of the individual.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The preliminary study is planned to evaluate and compare the efficacy of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) following cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microwave-processed calcium deficient EHA and commercially available SHA are used for grafting. Total 20 patients enrolled in this study, consisting 10 in each group between 20 and 45 years of age. All the patients were evaluated for bone regeneration at first, second, third, and sixth month's interval, postsurgically, using radiovisiograph and clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bone formation characteristics vary at second month when compared to SHA. This difference may be because of the kinetics involved in the regeneration pattern. The pattern of bone healing was trabecular after third month, indicating complete bone formation. The study showed constant raise of density and remained same at the end of study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both EHA and SHA graft materials are equally efficient in early bone regeneration. Within the limitations of this study the EHA showed promising results. Which indicates the eggshell waste-bio mineral is worthwhile raw material for the production of HA and is a Go Green procedure. Eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite is economic, compared with SHA.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur †Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras ‡Department of Production Technology, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Vivekanand
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kattimani
authors.forename: Krishna Prasad
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lingamaneni
authors.forename: Pandi Srinivas
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chakravarthi
authors.forename: T S Sampath
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Arjunan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddharthan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007570:Jaw Cysts / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011842:Radicular Cyst / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate; D017886:Durapatite