title: Corrosion Resistant FBG-Based Quasi-Distributed Sensor for Crude Oil Tank Dynamic Temperature Profile Monitoring.
abstract: This article presents a corrosion resistant, maneuverable, and intrinsically safe fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based temperature optical sensor. Temperature monitoring is a critical activity for the oil and gas industry. It typically involves acquiring the desired parameters in a hazardous and corrosive environment. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was proposed as a means of simultaneously isolating the optical fiber from the corrosive environment and avoiding undesirable mechanical tensions on the FBGs. The presented sensor head is based on multiple FBGs inscribed in a lengthy single mode fiber. The sensor presents an average thermal sensitivity of 8.82 ± 0.09 pm/°C, resulting in a typical temperature resolution of ~0.1 °C and an average time constant value of 6.25 ± 0.08 s. Corrosion and degradation resistance were verified by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy during 90 days exposure to high salinity crude oil samples. The developed sensor was tested in a field pilot test, mimicking the operation of an inland crude tank, demonstrating its abilities to dynamically monitor temperature profile.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Av. Filogônio Peixoto 2220, Bairro Aviso, Linhares 29901-291, Brazil. marquesrs2@gmail.com.|Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil. marquesrs2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rogério da Silva
authors.initials: Rda S
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil. adilsonp@ifes.edu.br.|Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Rodovia ES 010, km 6.5-Manguinhos, Serra 29173-087, Brazil. adilsonp@ifes.edu.br.
authors.forename: Adilson Ribeiro
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Telecomunicações, I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal. pantunes@av.it.pt.
authors.forename: Paulo Fernando da Costa
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Telecomunicações and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Superior Technical Institute , University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal. paulo.andre@lx.it.pt.
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio de Brito
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: André
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil. moises@ele.ufes.br.
authors.forename: Moisés R N
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil. frizera@ieee.org.
authors.forename: Anselmo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frizera-Neto
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil. mjpontes@ele.ufes.br.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pontes
keywords: FBG; PTFE; crude oil; temperature