title: Association of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus with Genital Tract Mucosal Immune Factors in HIV-Infected Women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is prevalent in HIV-infected women and may be associated with mucosal changes that promote HIV replication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Innate immune molecules, antimicrobial activity, HIV RNA, and HPV DNA genotypes were measured in a cross-sectional study of 128 HIV-infected women categorized into HPV-16 (n = 8), other HR-HPV (n = 41), and non-HR-HPV controls (n = 79).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, HR-HPV groups had higher plasma viral loads (P = 0.004), lower CD4 cells (P = 0.02), more genital tract HIV RNA (P = 0.03), greater number of different HPV types (P < 0.001), higher cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) IL-1α (P = 0.03) and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD2) (P = 0.049), and less anti-HIVB al activity (P = 0.03). HPV-16 remained significantly associated with higher HBD2 (P = 0.03), higher IL-1α (P = 0.009), and lower anti-HIVB aL activity (P = 0.03) compared to controls after adjusting for plasma viral load and CD4 T cell count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HR-HPV is associated with mucosal changes in HIV-infected women that could adversely impact genital tract health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Yungtai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Philip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kimdar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kemal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Strickler
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Einstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.|Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Betsy C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Herold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012306:Risk; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D023083:beta-Defensins
keywords: Cervicovaginal immunity; HIV; defensins; human papillomavirus