title: Effect of repeated subcutaneous injections of carbon dioxide (CO2) on inflammation linked to hypoxia in adipose tissue graft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study was to assess the effect of repeated subcutaneous injections of CO2 on adipose tissue graft survival in immunosuppressed female nude mice. The authors designed an experimental study using volume measures, histopathological analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance of fat graft. The effect of repeated subcutaneous injection of CO2 is not yet investigated
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 0.5 ml of human fat were transplanted in a group of female nude mice. The mice were treated with 3 injections of 80 µl each carbon dioxide (total 240 µl) for 7 weeks. Initially, in vivo measurements were conducted and subsequently a comprehensive histopathological analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of inflammation was graded absent to minimal in animals treated with CO2 while a minimal to moderate grade was assigned to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO2 injection enhances the inflammatory response of the implanted tissue and reduces the reabsorption rate. The treatment may improve the graft survival in a more prolonged time-frame.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Siena, Italy. robertocuomo@outlook.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nisi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barberi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ceccaccio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sisti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zerini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Aniello
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide