title: Keto analogue and amino acid supplementation and its effects on ammonemia and performance under thermoneutral conditions.
abstract: Alterations of cerebral function, fatigue and disturbance in cognitive-motor performance can be caused by hyperammonemia and/or hot environmental conditions during exercise. Exercise-induced hyperammonemia can be reduced through supplementation with either amino acids or combined keto analogues and amino acids (KAAA) to improve exercise tolerance. In the present study, we evaluated KAAA supplementation on ammonia metabolism and cognitive-motor performance after high-intensity exercise under a low heat stress environment. Sixteen male cyclists received a ketogenic diet for 2 d and were divided into two groups, KAAA (KEx) or placebo (CEx) supplementation. The athletes performed a 2 h cycling session followed by a maximum test (MAX), and blood samples were obtained at rest and during exercise. Cognitive-motor tasks were performed before and after the protocol, and the exhaustion time was used to evaluate physical performance. The hydration status was also evaluated. The CEx group showed a significant increase (∼ 70%) in ammonia concentration at MAX, which did not change in the KEx group. The non-supplemented group showed a significant increase in uremia. Both the groups had a significant increase in blood urate concentrations at 120 min, and an early significant increase from 120 min was observed in the CEx group. There was no change in the glucose concentrations of the two groups. A significant increase in lactate was observed at the MAX moment in both groups. There was no significant difference in the exhaustion times between the groups. No changes were observed in the cognitive-motor tasks after the protocol. We suggest that KAAA supplementation decreases ammonia concentration during high-intensity exercise but does not affect physical or cognitive-motor performances under a low heat stress environment.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil and Exercise and Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. eduseipra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saulo Rodrigo Alves e Silva
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Camerino
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil and Exercise and Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. eduseipra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafaela Carvalho Pereira
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil and Exercise and Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. eduseipra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thássia Casado Lima
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil and Exercise and Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. eduseipra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Edla de Azevedo
authors.initials: Ede A
authors.lastname: Herculano
authors.affiliation: Health Hospital Foundation, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Souza Araújo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil and Exercise and Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. eduseipra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcos Guilherme de Sousa
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Department of Biochemistry and Sportomics, Olympic Laboratory, Brazil Olympic Committee, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. cameron@unirio.br.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil and Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil and Exercise and Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. eduseipra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo Seixas
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Prado
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001642:Bicycling; D001835:Body Weight; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D022124:Hyperammonemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D019344:Lactic Acid