title: Incidence and management of haemorrhagic Descemet membrane detachment in canaloplasty and phacocanaloplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence and management of haemorrhagic Descemet membrane detachment (HDMD) in canaloplasty and phacocanaloplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 105 eyes of 92 patients with uncontrolled open angle glaucoma who underwent canaloplasty and phacocanaloplasty between 2010 and 2014. Eyes that developed either HDMD or non-HDMD were identified. The main outcome measures were the development of HDMD and non-HDMD, best corrected visual acuity, recovery time after Descemet membrane detachment (DMD), intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and number of antiglaucoma medications. Each eye was managed according to the time of development, type and extent of DMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten eyes (9.5%) developed DMD- four eyes underwent canaloplasty (3.8%) and six eyes underwent phacocanaloplasty (5.7%). Three of 10 eyes developed non-HDMD while seven of 10 developed HDMD, the majority of HDMD cases occurred in combination with phacocanaloplasty (five of seven). The non-HDMD eyes resolved completely within 2 weeks without intervention. One eye with HDMD was observed for 2 weeks, before a 15% sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) intracameral injection was given. The patient developed a dense corneal stain that was resolving slowly over 30 months. One eye with HDMD underwent YAG laser membranotomy 2 weeks after being identified, which regained corneal transparency 1 month after treatment, while the remaining five eyes underwent immediate surgical drainage and regained corneal transparency 1 day post-procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDMD occurred in up to 6.7% in canaloplasty and phacocanaloplasty procedures, mostly during catheter withdrawal and the viscodilation step. Early recognition and management prevented further manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|Glaucoma Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alobeidan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Faisal A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-2828
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Almobarak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000187:drug effects; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003886:Descemet Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D058450:Endotamponade; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D018463:Filtering Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000601:surgery*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride
keywords: Descemet detachment; canaloplasty; cornea; glaucoma; haemorrhagic