title: Profile of language and cognitive functions in children with dyslexia in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the language and cognitive profile of children with dyslexia, contributing to the diagnosis of this condition in readers of a regular orthography, such as Brazilian Portuguese.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 47 children with dyslexia (GD) and two controlled groups, one composed of 41 age controls (GCI) and the other with 31 reading controls (GCL), participated. All children were submitted to a battery involving the above-mentioned abilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GD demonstrated predominant deficits in phonological processing, which were not compatible with a delay in the development of such abilities, indicating an atypical development. The GD also obtained lower scores in both basic and more complex reading and writing skills (i.e., letters, words, pseudowords, and texts, respectively), as well as in other domains, such as language (syntactic processing and oral sentence comprehension), which may be a result of a deficit in phonological skills, that interfered with higher complexity linguistic skills.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phonological abilities demonstrated to be the main difficulty observed in children with dyslexia investigated in this study, corroborating previous studies in other languages. This demonstrates that, independently of the language regularity, phonological skills are fundamental to the diagnosis of developmental dyslexia.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Cruz
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Mattar
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Toledo-Piza
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luiza Gomes Pinto
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Navas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Orlando Francisco Amodeu
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis