title: Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene sequences of waterfowl parvoviruses from the Mainland of China revealed genetic diversity and recombination.
abstract: To determine the origin and evolution of goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) in the Mainland of China, phylogenetic and recombination analyses in the present study were performed on 32 complete VP1 gene sequences from China and other countries. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene, GPV strains studied here from Mainland China (PRC) could be divided into three genotypes, namely PRC-I, PRC-II and PRC-III. Genotype PRC-I is indigenous to Mainland China. Only one GPV strain from Northeast China was of Genotype PRC-II and was thought to be imported from Europe. Genotype PRC-III, which was the most isolated genotype during 1999-2012, is related to GPVs in Taiwan and has been the predominant pathogen responsible for recent Derzy's disease outbreaks in Mainland China. Current vaccine strains used in Mainland China belong to Genotype PRC-I that is evolutionary distant from Genotypes PRC-II and PRC-III. In comparison, MDPV strains herein from Mainland China are clustered in a single group which is closely related to Taiwanese MDPV strains, and the full-length sequences of the VP1 gene of China MDPVs are phylogenetic closely related to the VP1 sequence of a Hungarian MDPV strain. Moreover, We also found that homologous recombination within VP1 gene plays a role in generating genetic diversity in GPV evolution. The GPV GDFSh from Guangdong Province appears to be the evolutionary product of a recombination event between parental GPV strains GD and B, while the major parent B proved to be a reference strain for virulent European GPVs. Our findings provide valuable information on waterfowl parvoviral evolution in Mainland China.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: chensy56@163.com.
authors.forename: Shao-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng-Qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shi-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mei-Qing
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China; Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017992:Parvovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins
keywords: Goose parvovirus; Homologous recombination; Muscovy duck parvovirus; Phylogenetic analysis; VP1 gene