title: Immunity and Inflammation in Epilepsy.
abstract: This review reports the available evidence on the activation of the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system and the related inflammatory processes in epileptic disorders and the putative pathogenic role of inflammatory processes developing in the brain, as indicated by evidence from experimental and clinical research. Indeed, there is increasing knowledge supporting a role of specific inflammatory mediators and immune cells in the generation and recurrence of epileptic seizures, as well as in the associated neuropathology and comorbidities. Major challenges in this field remain: a better understanding of the key inflammatory pathogenic pathways activated in chronic epilepsy and during epileptogenesis, and how to counteract them efficiently without altering the homeostatic tissue repair function of inflammation. The relevance of this information for developing novel therapies will be highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, IRCSS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," 20156 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vezzani
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bethan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands SEIN-Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede 2103 SW, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aronica
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000276:immunology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000276:immunology*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001323:Autoantibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors