title: Aluminium, nickel, cadmium and lead in candy products and assessment of daily intake by children in Spain.
abstract: Aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in a total of 263 samples of 12 types of candies widely consumed in Spain, were evaluated. Samples were analysed using an ICP-MS method after acidic sample mineralization. Concentration ranges of Al, Ni, Cd and Pb were 21.28-62.91 µg g(-1), 0.40-1.27 µg g(-1), 0.12-1.01 µg g(-1) and 1.03-7.14 µg g(-1), respectifgvely. Statistically significant positive correlations were calculated between concentrations of Ni-Al and Pb-Cd (p-values < 0.05). Taking into consideration the relatively high metal content, together with the high caloric density of these products, as well as high content of particular nutrients such as sugars that can induce development of certain pathologies like obesity and caries, indicate that frequent consumption of candy products is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition , University Miguel Hernández , Elche , Spain.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marín-Martínez
authors.affiliation: b Centre of Operative Research (CIO) , University Miguel Hernández , Elche , Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: c Department of Nutrition and Bromatology , School of Pharmacy, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabrera-Vique
authors.affiliation: d Department of Agro-Food Technology , University Miguel Hernández , Orihuela , Spain.
authors.forename: Ángel A
authors.initials: ÁA
authors.lastname: Carbonell-Barrachina
authors.affiliation: e Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Toxicology , University Miguel Hernández , Elche , Spain.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition , University Miguel Hernández , Elche , Spain.
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: García-Hernández
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition , University Miguel Hernández , Elche , Spain.|f CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition , University Miguel Hernández , Elche , Spain.|f CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry; D002182:Candy / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D013030:Spain; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel; D000535:Aluminum
keywords: Heavy metals; candies; dietary intake; sweets; trace elements