title: Beer, wine and lifestyle: a cross-sectional study of the Belgian military population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A reduction in mortality associated with wine drinking compared to beer drinking has been suggested in the past. A recent meta-analysis could not confirm the observed differential effect. Other characteristics not related to specific components of beer and wine must play a role in the relationship between wine and mortality, thereby explaining the differential protective results.
  
  
  METHODS
  A military population was selected to investigate the lifestyle differences between beer and wine drinkers. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to register alcohol and food consumption, together with questionnaires for health-related and lifestyle characteristics. Three dietary patterns were characterized by the Healthy Eating Index 2010, the Mediterranean Diet Score and a pattern obtained by principal component analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariate analysis, beer consumption decreased with increasing age, military rank, physical activity and dietary pattern scores. Beer consumption increased with total energy intake and with smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wine consumption was associated with a healthier lifestyle compared with beer consumption. Those differences must be taken into account when relating types of alcoholic beverage consumption with health-related outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Laboratory for Human Biometrics and Biomechanics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinstraat 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium ; Erasmus University College, Laarbeeklaan 121, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mullie
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Laboratory for Human Biometrics and Biomechanics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinstraat 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Erasmus University College, Laarbeeklaan 121, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarys
keywords: Beer; Dietary pattern; Health behavior; Males; Nutritional assessment; Wine