title: Body mass index correlates with atherogenic lipoprotein profile even in nonobese, normoglycemic, and normolipidemic healthy men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a relationship between body mass index (BMI), lipid, and lipoprotein parameters among nonobese, normoglycemic, and normolipidemic healthy men without any cardiovascular, metabolic, or chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 297 healthy, nonsmoking males between 20 and 75 years were recruited. Exclusion criteria included familial hypercholesterolemia, any chronic diseases, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2). Lipid and lipoprotein particles were determined by standard methods, with the use of ultracentrifugation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Cholesterol in remnant-like particles (RLPc) was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These healthy volunteers were separated into two groups: normoweight (BMI > 19 kg/m(2) and <25 kg/m(2) [n = 143]) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2) [n = 154]). Overweight participants were older (P < .001) compared to normoweight. Both groups had low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (<130 mg/dL) considered as desirable, and although both groups had plasma triglyceride levels within the nonpathological range, overweight participants presented with 30% higher triglyceride levels (P < .001) and 9% lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .001) compared to normoweight individuals. Although LDL was comparable between groups, NMR analysis showed that overweight participants had 27% more total LDL particles due to a 16% decrease in large LDL (P < .001) and 70% increase in the smaller subclasses (P < .001). In overweight participants, NMR analysis also showed a 2-fold increase in large very low-density lipoprotein (P = .001), and 30% more medium very low-density lipoprotein particles (P = .020). Overweight participants also had 70% more intermediate-density lipoprotein particles (P = .010), a 30% decrease in large high-density lipoprotein particles (P < .001), and a 39% increase in RLPc levels (P = .005). Results were adjusted for age and fat intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI correlates with a shift toward a more proatherogenic lipoprotein profile even in individuals whose lipid levels were not elevated.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Montse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solà
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan Carles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vallvé
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Girona
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godàs
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heras
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzàlez
authors.affiliation: Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA-UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Brigitte M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Winklhoffer-Roob
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masana
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, CIBERDEM, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain. Electronic address: josep.ribalta@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribalta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008074:Lipoproteins
keywords: Atherogenic dyslipidemia; BMI; Healthy participants; Lipoprotein; NMR