title: Psychological disorders and oral lichen planus: matched case-control study and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral lichen planus (OLP) may be linked to psychological disorders. This study investigated psychological factors associated with OLP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study with incident OLP case patients and age-gender-socio-economic status-matched controls, recruited from among relatives, accompanying persons, and departmental staff, investigated psychological traits using the Psychological General Well-Being Index-Short form. Common factor analysis was used to generate a set of psychological dimensions. The association between these dimensions and OLP adjusted for confounders (education, number of lifetime sexual partners, drinking-smoking) and interactions was assessed through conditional logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 67 case-control pairs were recruited. Psychological dimensions generated were: dimension-1 (anxiety, low vitality), dimension-2 (negative well-being, low vitality), dimension-3 (depressed mood, low self-control). The ORs for OLP were, dimension-1, 1.0 (95% confidence interval -95CI, 0.3-2.6); dimension-2, 0.5 (95CI, 0.2-1.2); dimension-3, 4.8 (95CI, 1.8-12.9). Dimension-3 was highly associated with mild, but not associated with severe, OLP. Literature searching provided 21 studies, with anxiety and depression principally associated with OLP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressed mood and low self-control were highly associated with OLP, particularly the reticular-papular forms. These traits could have a causative role in OLP development-progression, but further investigations are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pippi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Vecchio
authors.affiliation: World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health, London, UK.|University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: anxiety; behavioural sciences; depression; epidemiology; oral lichen planus; self-control