title: Mild or borderline intellectual disability as a risk for alcohol consumption in adolescents - A matched-pair study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies that investigate the association between mild or borderline intellectual disability (MBID) and alcohol use in adolescents have not examined whether MBID is an independent risk factor for drinking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It is important to examine whether MBID is a risk factor for alcohol consumption by controlling concomitant factors in a matched-pair design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 329 students from two schools for children with MBID self-reported their drinking behavior via questionnaires, and 329 students from regular schools were matched to this group by gender, age, family composition, and parental drinking behavior. Matched pairs were compared based on alcohol consumption and motivation to drink.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MBID is a protective factor, as disabled adolescents drink less on average. This effect is mainly due to larger proportions of youth with MBID who are abstinent. When male adolescents with MBID begin to drink, they are at an increased risk for intoxication and subsequent at-risk behaviors. Motivations to drink were explained by an interaction between MBID and consumption patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For male adolescents with MBID, there appears to be an "all-or-nothing" principle that guides alcohol consumption, which suggests a need for special interventions for this group.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: olaf.reis@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: britta2712@gmx.net.
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: frank.haessler@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Häßler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D064829:Alcohol Abstinence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010290:Parents; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Adolescents; Alcohol; Alcohol drinking attitudes; Mild intellectual disability