title: Autoimmunity and dysmetabolism of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
abstract: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains ill-defined by lists of symptoms, infections, tumors, and disorders in metabolism and immunity. Low CD4 cell count, severe loss of body weight, pneumocystis pneumonia, and Kaposi's sarcoma are the major disease indicators. Lines of evidence indicate that patients living with AIDS have both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Immunodeficiency is attributed to deficits in the skin- and mucosa-defined innate immunity, CD4 T cells and regulatory T cells, presumably relating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The autoimmunity in AIDS is evident by: (1) overproduction of autoantibodies, (2) impaired response of CD4 cells and CD8 cells, (3) failure of clinical trials of HIV vaccines, and (4) therapeutic benefits of immunosuppression following solid organ transplantation and bone marrow transplantation in patients at risk of AIDS. Autoantibodies are generated in response to antigens such as debris and molecules de novo released from dead cells, infectious agents, and catabolic events. Disturbances in metabolic homeostasis occur at the interface of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity in the development of AIDS. Optimal treatments favor therapeutics targeting on the regulation of metabolism to restore immune homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China. hongxuezhi8@126.com.|Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China. hongxuezhi8@126.com.
authors.forename: Xue-Zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Fangchenggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fangchenggang, 538021, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Xi
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
authors.forename: Han-You
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.|Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Lu
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D015551:Autoimmunity; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000276:immunology*; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000276:immunology*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Autoimmunity; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; Immunodeficiency; Metabolism; Regulatory T cells