title: Bronchoscopy, Imaging, and Concurrent Diseases in Dogs with Bronchiectasis: (2003-2014).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchiectasis is a permanent and debilitating sequel to chronic or severe airway injury, however, diseases associated with this condition are poorly defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate results of diagnostic tests used to document bronchiectasis and to characterize underlying or concurrent disease processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six dogs that had bronchoscopy performed and a diagnosis of bronchiectasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series. Radiographs, computed tomography, and bronchoscopic findings were evaluated for features of bronchiectasis. Clinical diagnoses of pneumonia (aspiration, interstitial, foreign body, other), eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP), and inflammatory airway disease (IAD) were made based on results of history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis and microbiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bronchiectasis was diagnosed in 14% of dogs (86/621) that had bronchoscopy performed. Dogs ranged in age from 0.5 to 14 years with duration of signs from 3 days to 10 years. Bronchiectasis was documented during bronchoscopy in 79/86 dogs (92%), thoracic radiology in 50/83 dogs (60%), and CT in 34/34 dogs (100%). Concurrent airway collapse was detected during bronchoscopy in 50/86 dogs (58%), and focal or multifocal mucus plugging of segmental or subsegmental bronchi was found in 41/86 dogs (48%). Final diagnoses included pneumonia (45/86 dogs, 52%), EBP (10/86 dogs, 12%) and IAD (31/86 dogs, 36%). Bacteria were isolated in 24/86 cases (28%), with Streptococcus spp, Pasteurella spp, enteric organisms, and Stenotrophomonas isolated most frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchiectasis can be anticipated in dogs with infectious or inflammatory respiratory disease. Advanced imaging and bronchoscopy are useful in making the diagnosis and identifying concurrent respiratory disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vernau
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Bacterial; COPD; Computed tomography; Endoscopy; Microbiology; Parenchymal disease; Pneumonia; Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia; Radiology and diagnostic imaging; Respiratory tract