title: Vascular Protective Effect of an Ethanol Extract of Camellia japonica Fruit: Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Coronary Artery and Reduction of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration.
abstract: Camellia japonica is a popular garden plant in Asia and widely used as cosmetic sources and traditional medicine. However, the possibility that C. japonica affects cardiovascular system remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate vascular effects of an extract of C. japonica. Vascular reactivity was assessed in organ baths using porcine coronary arteries and inhibition of proliferation and migration were assessed using human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). All four different parts, leaf, stem, flower, and fruits, caused concentration-dependent relaxations and C. japonica fruit (CJF) extract showed the strongest vasorelaxation and its effect was endothelium dependent. Relaxations to CJF were markedly reduced by inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inhibitor of PI3-kinase, but not affected by inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated response. CJF induced activated a time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of eNOS in endothelial cells. Altogether, these studies have demonstrated that CJF is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator and this effect was involved in, at least in part, PI3K-eNOS-NO pathway. Moreover, CJF attenuated TNF-α induced proliferation and PDGF-BB induced migration of VSMCs. The present findings indicate that CJF could be a valuable candidate of herbal medicine for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sin-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Jeonnam Forest Resources Research Institute, Naju, Jeonnam 58213, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Sup
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Jeonnam Forest Resources Research Institute, Naju, Jeonnam 58213, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Jeonnam Forest Resources Research Institute, Naju, Jeonnam 58213, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: An-Jin
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wi
authors.affiliation: Jeonnam Forest Resources Research Institute, Naju, Jeonnam 58213, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Whoa-Shig
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wok
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028244:Camellia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases