title: CHADS2 Scores as a Predictor of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predictive value of CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke) scores for stroke risk in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  From Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified a total of 479 participants with non-atrial fibrillation PAD diagnoses recorded from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2009. The CHADS2 score was used to stratify 5-year ischemic stroke risk. All participants were followed up from the date of enrollment until ischemic stroke event, death, or the end of 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year risk of ischemic stroke in the present study was 9.4%. A strong correlation was found between the PAD and CHADS2 score (CHADS2 score of 0-1, 0.4%; CHADS2 score of 2-3, 12.3%; CHADS2 score ≥4, 84.0%; area under the curve = 0.920). After adjustment, CHADS2 score was found to be positively correlated with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that patients with PAD have a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke and that the CHADS2 score can be used as an indicator of risk for ischemic stroke. Cardiovascular risk evaluation and management are suggested for patients with PAD and higher CHADS2 scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Wan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Education, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsun-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan. Electronic address: hdf95@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Teng-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology