title: Cryoablation of Osteoid Osteoma in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical efficacy of osteoid osteoma (OO) cryoablation in a large, pediatric/adolescent cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic medical record and imaging archive review was performed to identify all cryoablations performed for OOs between 2011 and 2015 at a single tertiary care pediatric hospital. The subsequent analysis included 29 patients with suspected OOs treated by cryoablation (age range, 3-18 y; mean age, 11.3 y; 17 boys; 12 girls). Conventional CT guidance was used in 22 procedures; cone-beam CT guidance was used in 7 procedures. Follow-up data were obtained via a standardized telephone questionnaire (23/29 patients; 79.3%) and clinical notes (5/29 patients; 17.2%). One patient was lost to follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients (29/29). Immediate clinical success (cessation of pain and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug [NSAID] use within 1 mo after the procedure) was achieved in 27/28 patients (96.4%). Short-term clinical success (cessation of pain and NSAID use for > 3 mo after the procedure) was achieved in 24/25 patients (96%). Long-term clinical success (cessation of pain and NSAID use for > 12 mo after the procedure) was achieved in 19/21 patients (90.5%). Median pain scale score before the procedure was 10 (range, 5-10); median pain scale score after the procedure was 0 (range, 0-8; P < .0001). There were 6 minor complications (21%) and no major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Image-guided cryoablation is a technically feasible, clinically efficacious therapeutic option for children and adolescents with symptomatic OO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Divisions of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: Morgan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Whitmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Divisions of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322; Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322. Electronic address: Matt.hawkins@emory.edu.
authors.forename: C Matthew
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Divisions of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Prologo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: Kelley W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Children's Orthopaedics of Atlanta (J.A.F.), Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fabregas
authors.affiliation: Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: Shervin V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Oskouei
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Divisions of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010017:Osteoma, Osteoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D059408:Pain Management; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome