title: Beta-Arrestin1 Levels in Mononuclear Leukocytes Support Depression Scores for Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
abstract: Depression is very common in reproductive women particularly with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Beta-arrestins were previously implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment for mood disorders. This study examined whether a measurement for beta-arrestin1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC), could aid to distinguish between PMDD and PMS. Study participants (n = 25) were non-pregnant women between 18-42 years of age with the symptoms of PMS/PMDD, but not taking any antidepressants/therapy and at the luteal phase of menstruation. The levels of beta-arrestin1 protein in the PBMCs were determined by ELISA using human beta-arrestin1 kit. The beta-arrestin1 levels were compared with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores among these women. The magnitude of the different parameters for Axis 1 mental disorders were significantly higher and beta arrestin1 protein levels in PBMCs were significantly lower in women with PMDD as compared to PMS women. The reduction in beta arrestin1 protein levels was significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Beta-arrestin1 measurements in women may potentially serve for biochemical diagnostic purposes for PMDD and might be useful as evidence-based support for questionnaires.
authors.affiliation: Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA. falam@mmc.edu.
authors.forename: Farzana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA. snayyar15@email.mmc.edu.
authors.forename: Sanket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayyar
authors.affiliation: Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA. wrichie@mmc.edu.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.affiliation: Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA. aarchibong@mmc.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Archibong
authors.affiliation: Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA. tnayyar@mmc.edu.
authors.forename: Tultul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nayyar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019390:Arrestins / Q000097:blood*; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D065446:Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: D019390:Arrestins; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
keywords: PMDD; PMS; beta arrestin; mononuclear leukocytes; mood disorders; women