title: Visualisation of future task performance improves naturalistic prospective memory for some younger adults living with HIV disease.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is commonly associated with deficits in prospective memory (PM), which increase the risk of suboptimal health behaviours, like medication non-adherence. This study examined the potential benefits of a brief future visualisation exercise during the encoding stage of a naturalistic PM task in 60 young adults (aged 19-24 years) with HIV disease. Participants were administered a brief clinical neuropsychological assessment, which included a standardised performance-based measure of time- and event-based PM. All participants were also given a naturalistic PM task in which they were asked to complete a mock medication management task when the examiner showed them the Grooved Pegboard Test during their neuropsychological evaluation. Participants were randomised into: (1) a visualisation condition in which they spent 30 sec imagining successfully completing the naturalistic PM task; or (2) a control condition in which they repeated the task instructions. Logistic regression analyses revealed significant interactions between clinical neurocognitive functions and visualisation. HIV positive (HIV+) participants with intact retrospective learning and/or low time-based PM demonstrated observable gains from the visualisation technique, while HIV+ participants with impaired learning and/or intact time-based PM did not evidence gains. Findings indicate that individual differences in neurocognitive ability moderate the response to visualisation in HIV+ young adults. The extent to which such cognitive supports improve health-related PM outcomes (e.g., medication adherence) remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Marika P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Faytell
authors.affiliation: b Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego State University and University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Katie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatrics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naar-King
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatrics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Angulique Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Outlaw
authors.affiliation: d Department of Neurosciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: b Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego State University and University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Kaitlin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Casaletto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA.|e Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Steven Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D007858:Learning; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D000066530:Neurological Rehabilitation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011897:Random Allocation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AIDS dementia complex; Episodic memory; Infectious disease; Mental imagery; Neuropsychological rehabilitation