title: Extremely low genetic diversity of mtDNA control region and remarkable population differentiation of Ichthyophis bannanicus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona).
abstract: It is widely accepted that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) gene evolves more quickly than protein-encoding genes, such as ND2 and Cyt b, with few exceptions. However, some species have a different evolution pattern. In the present study, we sequenced the mtDNA CR partial sequences (454 base pairs) of 142 individuals from five sampling sites of Ichthyophis bannanicus and compared the genetic diversity and structure with the information from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes within this species. Extremely low genetic diversity was found in the mtDNA CR compared with those of the ND2 and Cyt b genes. These results showed that the relatively mean clock rate of the CR was broadly lower than those of the ND2 (about 2.55 times) and Cyt b (about 3.14 times) genes. Despite the extremely low genetic diversity of CR, the population structure analysis identified two groups, Xishuangbanna and Northern Vietnam-Yulin-Yangchun-Deqing, which indicated that the Red River systems may have acted as gene-flow barriers for I. bannanicus.
authors.affiliation: a College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China.|b College of Life Science & Technology, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , Guangxi , China.
authors.forename: Shaoquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: c School of Life Science, Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , China , and.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: c School of Life Science, Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , China , and.
authors.forename: Zhonglou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: b College of Life Science & Technology, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , Guangxi , China.
authors.forename: Yongjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bei
authors.affiliation: d Guangxi Forest Inventory and Planning Institute , Nanning , Guangxi , China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: b College of Life Science & Technology, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , Guangxi , China.
authors.forename: Guifen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China.
authors.forename: Defeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: c School of Life Science, Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , China , and.
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D045303:Cytochromes b; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase
keywords: Control region; Cyt b; Ichthyophis bannanicus; ND2; genetic diversity; population structure