title: Double emulsions based on silicone-fluorocarbon-water and their skin penetration.
abstract: Double emulsions have significant potential in pharmacy and cosmetics due to the feasibility of combining incompatible substances in one product and the protection of sensitive compounds by incorporating them into their innermost phase. However, a major drawback of double emulsions is their thermodynamic instability and their strong tendency to coalesce. In the present study, the physicochemical stability, the skin permeation and the skin penetration potential of modified semi-solid double emulsions was investigated. The double emulsions were prepared of the cosmetically applied perfluoropolyethers Fomblin HC/04 or Fomblin HC-OH, silicone, carbomer and water. Measurement of the droplet size and examination of the microscopic images confirmed their physicochemical stability over the observation period of eight weeks. Franz-type diffusion cell experiments revealed no increase in curcumin permeation due to the employed perfluoropolyethers compared to the respective control formulations. The formulations used as control were O/W macroemulsions with or without a Polysorbate 80/Sorbitane monooleate 80 surfactant combination. Likewise, tape stripping studies showed no penetration enhancing effect of the employed perfluoropolyethers which is desirable as both perfluoropolyethers are commonly applied components in human personal-care products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Denise-Silvia
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Mahrhauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Research Platform "Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms", University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. Electronic address: claudia.valenta@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valenta
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010316:Particle Size; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D012828:Silicones; D014867:Water
keywords: Double emulsion; Perfluoropolyethers; Skin penetration; Skin permeation; Stability