title: Continuous sampling of MSWI dioxins.
abstract: Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is generally considered as a well-controlled source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), in brief dioxins. Start-up conditions continue, however, to be problematic. A self-developed continuous sampler was specially designed and built to fulfill the various sampling criteria of U.S. EPA Method 23 and monitor the trends of dioxins emissions during diverse operating conditions. In the MSWI plant investigated, a 98.1% TEQ PCDD/F removal efficiency was achieved in normal operation using activated carbon injection + bag filtration (ACI + BF) and the corresponding PCDD/F emission remains well below the standard set by Taiwan EPA (0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3) @ 11% O2). During start-up, however, continuous sampling indicates that this limit value is reached only after 12 and 9 days, respectively for the 1st (2011) and 2nd test campaign (2012). Only 15 days after start-up the PCDD/F emissions shrunk to the levels typically measured during normal operation. The PCDD/F emissions from the 1st and 2nd continuous sampling campaigns were 5.4 and 5.5 mg I-TEQ, respectively. Short-term PCDD/F sampling such as the U.S. EPA Method 23 is less adapted to monitor these transient PCDD/F emissions representatively and accurately, due to a steady decrease of PCDD/F emissions after start-up. This self-developed continuous sampler effectively enhances the ease and reliability of emission data collecting during transient conditions of MSWI.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pao-Chen
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, China.
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buekens
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan. Electronic address: mbchang@ncuen.ncu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Moo-Been
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration; D017745:Incineration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D062611:Solid Waste; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Long-term sampling; PCDD/Fs; Self-developed continuous sampler; Start-up period