title: Effects of resistance training on muscle strength, exercise capacity, and mobility in middle-aged and elderly patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis.
abstract: Resistance training (RT) is a core component of cardiac rehabilitation. We investigated the effects of RT on exercise capacity, muscle strength, and mobility in middle-aged and elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  
  We searched for randomized controlled trials of RT versus usual care, or combined RT and aerobic training (AT) versus AT alone, and identified 440 trials in total from inception to January 2014. Participants who had myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, angina pectoris or CAD were included in the analysis. Those who had heart failure, heart transplants with either cardiac resynchronization therapy or implantable defibrillators were excluded.
  
  
  
  Twenty-two trials totaling 1095 participants were analyzed. We performed random-effects meta-analysis. In middle-aged participants, RT increased lower extremity muscle strength [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35 to 0.95], upper extremity muscle strength (SMD: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.99) and peak oxygen consumption (VO2) [weight mean difference (WMD): 0.92mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.72], but did not improve mobility compared with the control. In elderly participants, RT increased lower extremity muscle strength (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.05 to 1.21), upper extremity muscle strength (SMD: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.56 to 1.80), and peak VO2 (WMD: 0.70mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.37), and improved mobility (SMD: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.21 to 1.01) compared with the control.
  
  
  
  Resistance training could increase exercise capacity and muscle strength in middle-aged and elderly patients, and mobility in elderly patients, with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: syamamoto@shinshu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rintaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D016138:Walking
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Elderly; Meta-analysis; Mobility; Resistance training