title: The effect of aloe emodin-encapsulated nanoliposome-mediated r-caspase-3 gene transfection and photodynamic therapy on human gastric cancer cells.
abstract: Gastric carcinoma (GC) has high incidence and mortality rates in China. Surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a new treatment modality, appearing in recent experimental studies and clinical trials in various tumors. This study explores the combined effect of gene transfection with PDT on GC cells using aloe emodin (AE)-encapsulated nanoliposomes, which acted as gene carrier as well as one photosensitizer (PS). AE-encapsulated nanoliposomes (nano-AE) were prepared by reverse evaporation method. Electron microscopy and nano-ZS90 analyzer were used to detect its morphology, size, and wavelength. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the caspase-3 after transfection. MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic rates, respectively. Hoechst 33342 staining was adopted to detect the morphological changes in death gastric cancer cells. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were measured by DCFH-DA staining. Outcomes demonstrated that the nano-AE has good properties as gene delivery carriers as well as a PS. The group in which the recombinant plasmid of r-caspase-3 was transfected had higher protein expression of the caspase-3 than controls, meanwhile the proliferation rates of the transfected cells were inhibited by the nano-AE-mediated PDT in an energy-dependent manner. In addition, in the transfected cells, the death rate increased to 77.3% as assessed 12 h after PDT (6.4 J/cm(2) ). Hochest 33342 staining also revealed that the death rate increased significantly in the transfected group compared with other groups. Compared to control groups, the production of ROS in nano-AE PDT group had quadrupled in SGC-7901 cells as early as 1 h after PDT, while it is similar to the group of nano-AE transfection and PDT. Nano-AE-mediated r-caspase-3 gene transfection coupled with PDT could inhibit the proliferation rate and increase the apoptotic rate remarkably in human gastric cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Ting
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Longquan, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Qin-Qin
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Juan-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Dan
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ding-Qun
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D008081:Liposomes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C518327:aloe emodin; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Aloe emodin; nanoliposome; photodynamic therapy; transfection