title: Anthelmintic properties of extracts from Artemisia plants against nematodes.
abstract: Artemisia plant genus, natural inhabitant of northern Punjab Pakistan, is well known for its anthelmintic properties; many Artemisia species have not been so far scientifically proved. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro anthelmintic activity of Artemisia indica and Artemisia roxburghiana against mixed infection of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. This study is first scientifically proven study on anthelmintic activity of A. indica and A. roxburghiana. Five different concentrations (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.75 mg/mL) accompanied by negative control (PBS) and positive control (albendazole, 10%) were used to carry out the egg hatch inhibition assay, larval mortality assay and adult worm mortality assay. The Baermann technique was used first time in larval mortality assay and proved to be effective. The results revealed that methanolic extracts of both A. indica and A. roxburghiana, showed maximum anthelmintic activity at concentration of 50 mg/ml by egg hatch inhibition (85±21.2; 80±28.3), larvae mortality (18±2.8; 17±4.2) and adult worm mortality (8.5±2.1; 8±2.8) assays. However, at concentration of 50 mg/ml both plant extracts in comparison to albendazole showed statistically insignificant (p≤0.05) results. The A. indica showed higher anthelmintic activity at all concentrations as compared to A. roburghiana. It has been concluded both plants exhibit anthelmintic activity and further evaluation of these plants should be carried out to purify the active ingredients for anthelmintic activity. Moreover, the decoctions of these plants could be used to GINs after confirming anthelmintic properties through in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Afshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA70803-8416 USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manan
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irum
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Science Foundation, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad.
authors.forename: S S R
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qayyum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001681:Biological Assay; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D010154:Pakistan; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010936:Plant Extracts