title: Predictive factors for sorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reaction using ordered logistic regression analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Predictive factors for sorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) using ordered logistic regression analysis were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective analysis evaluated patients admitted to a university hospital in Japan from May 2008 through October 2013. Patients age 20 years or older with relapsed or metastatic renal cell carcinoma, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, or gastrointestinal stromal tumor resistant to imatinib and sunitinib were included. Data were manually collected from patients' clinical records and included sex, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, initial daily dose of sorafenib, duration of sorafenib use, concomitant medications, number of metastases, sites of metastases, physical examination findings, and type of cancer. Laboratory test values related to the patient's medical condition that seemed to influence HFSR or the absorption and pharmacologic effects of sorafenib were also collected. HFSR severity was also assessed. Univariate ordered logistic analysis was performed for HFSR severity outcomes and each candidate independent variable. A multivariate ordered logistic regression model was then constructed using a stepwise forward selection procedure. Data were screened for multicollinearity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 113 patients were evaluated. This analysis identified duration of sorafenib use (odds ratio [OR], 0.0531), use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (OR, 0.351), ECOG performance status (OR, 0.555), C-reactive protein level (OR, 17.74), and male sex (OR, 0.403) as significant factors for the occurrence of HFSR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that short duration of sorafenib use, avoidance of PPIs, good ECOG performance status, high C-reactive protein level, and female sex were predictive factors for the development of HFSR.
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. ykokanba@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanbayashi
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohichiroh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Yuko Kanbayashi, Ph.D., is Certified Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital; Toyoshi Hosokawa, M.D., Ph.D., is Director, Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Unit, University Hospital, and Professor, Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science (GSMS); Kohichiroh Yasui, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Fumiya Hongo, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; Kanji Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Michihisa Moriguchi, M.D., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GSMS; Tsuneharu Miki, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Urology, GSMS; and Yoshito Itoh, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Urology, GSMS, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D060831:Hand-Foot Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077157:Sorafenib; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib