title: Entomopathogenic potential of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and its comparative evaluation with malathion against the insect pest Leucinodes orbonalis.
abstract: The widespread use of chemical pesticides in agriculture has led to the pollution of environmental systems and has caused various health disorders in animals and humans. Biological pest control is one of the most environmentally friendly methods in modern agriscience. Such methods protect crops from pests and do not pollute the environment. A strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum was isolated and identified from the soil environment of the North 24 Parganas District, eastern India. A spore suspension of this fungus was used to treat Leucinodes orbonalis, one of the major pests of brinjal (eggplant, Solanum melongena). In an in vitro system, fungal antagonism was determined by median lethal dose (LD50) and median lethal time (LT50) tests against insect larvae. The LD50 and LT50 of T. longibrachiatum were 2.87 × 10(7) spores ml(-1) and 11.7 days, respectively. T. longibrachiatum was formulated into a biopesticide, and its performance was evaluated in brinjal field trials in 2012 and 2013. In the field trials, brinjal treated with three spray applications of T. longibrachiatum (10(8) spores/ml) at 15-day intervals showed a 56.02 % higher crop yield than that of the control. This treatment showed similar efficacy to that of the pesticide malathion in the field trials. The results of this study indicate that this formulation may replace malathion to control the insect pest L. orbonalis in brinjal crops. This is the first report of the entomopathogenic property of T. longibrachiatum and its evaluation against an insect pest in field trials.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Mycopathology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118, India. swapan.krghosh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Swapan Kr
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Molecular Mycopathology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118, India.
authors.forename: Sujoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008294:Malathion; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil; D032323:Solanum melongena; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D008294:Malathion
keywords: Biological control; Entomopathogenic fungi; Leucinodes orbonalis; Malathion; Pollution control; Trichoderma longibrachiatum