title: The Association between Severity of Atherosclerosis and Lower Urinary Tract Function in Male Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to investigate the association between the severity of atherosclerosis and lower urinary tract function in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were examined with routine investigation. The severity of atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasound examination of carotid artery. Patients were divided into two groups: control group and atherosclerosis group. The voiding function and storage function were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 men (69.9 ± 9.1 years [mean ± standard deviation]) entered the study. There was no significant difference in age distribution (control group: 68.7 ± 7.6 years; atherosclerosis group: 72.5 ± 9.7 years) and prostate volume (control group: 26.5 ± 17.3 mL; atherosclerosis group: 22.2 ± 11.0 mL) between the two groups. In the voiding parameters, maximum flow rate in the atherosclerosis group (13.4 ± 5.5 mL/s, P < 0.05) was significantly lower than that in the control group (16.7 ± 7.7 mL/s). Postvoid residual urine volume showed no significant difference between the two groups. In the storage parameters, voided volume was significantly reduced in the atherosclerosis group (161.8 ± 46 mL, P < 0.05), as compared to control group (201.1 ± 78 mL). Moreover, daytime frequency was 7.13 ± 3.02 times in the control group, and significantly higher in the atherosclerosis group (8.75 ± 2.50 times, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of atherosclerosis impairs both voiding and storage function independently of age, suggesting atherosclerosis leads to lower urinary dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguro
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Homare
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Husao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, JapanDepartment of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
keywords: atherosclerosis; lower urinary tract dysfunction; male lower urinary tract symptoms