title: Electrochemiluminescence sensor for melamine based on a Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-doped silica nanoparticles/carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Nafion composite film modified electrode.
abstract: In this work, a sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the determination of melamine (MEL) was developed based on a Ru(bpy)3(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles (RUDS)/carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs)/Nafion composite film modified electrode. The homogeneous spherical RUDS were synthesized by a reverse microemulsion method. As Ru(bpy)3(2+) were encapsulated in the RUDS, Ru(bpy)3(2+) dropping from the modified electrode can be greatly prevented, which is helpful for obtaining a stable ECL signal. Moreover, to improve the conductivity of the film and promote the electron transfer rate on electrode surface, CMWCNTs with excellent electrical conductivity and large surface area were applied in the construction of the sensing film. As CMWCNTs acted as electron bridges making more Ru(bpy)3(2+) participate in the reaction, the ECL intensity was greatly enhanced. Under the optimum conditions, the relative ECL signal (△IECL) was proportional to the logarithmic MEL concentration ranging from 5×10(-13) to 1×10(-7) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 1×10(-13) mol L(-1). To verify the reliability, the thus-fabricated ECL sensor was applied to determine the concentration of MEL in milk. Based on these investigations, the proposed ECL sensor exhibited good feasibility and high sensitivity for the determination of MEL, promising the applicability of this sensor in practical analysis.
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic address: xmchen@jmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Aihong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic address: zhyhuang@jmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D014227:Triazines; C415768:tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II); C040402:perfluorosulfonic acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C011907:melamine
keywords: Carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Electrochemiluminescence; Melamine; Ru(bpy)(2+)(3)-doped silica