title: Mapping the Electronic Structure of Each Ingredient Oxide Layer of High-T\{c} Cuprate Superconductor Bi{2}Sr{2}CaCu{2}O{8+δ}.
abstract: Understanding the mechanism of high transition temperature (T{c}) superconductivity in cuprates has been hindered by the apparent complexity of their multilayered crystal structure. Using a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we report on layer-by-layer probing of the electronic structures of all ingredient planes (BiO, SrO, CuO{2}) of Bi{2}Sr{2}CaCu_2}O{8+δ} superconductor prepared by argon-ion bombardment and annealing technique. We show that the well-known pseudogap (PG) feature observed by STM is inherently a property of the BiO planes and thus irrelevant directly to Cooper pairing. The SrO planes exhibit an unexpected van Hove singularity near the Fermi level, while the CuO{2} planes are exclusively characterized by a smaller gap inside the PG. The small gap becomes invisible near T{c}, which we identify as the superconducting gap. The above results constitute severe constraints on any microscopic model for high T{c} superconductivity in cuprates.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Shuai-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Ruidan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneeloch
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Gen-Da
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Can-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Cun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Kun
authors.initials: QK
authors.lastname: Xue