title: Image-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of small renal tumours: short- and mid-term outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose is to assess the short- and mid-term outcomes of microwave ablation (MWA) of small renal tumours in selected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 2012 to February 2015, 29 renal tumours in 23 patients (17 male, 6 female, mean age 75 years) were treated by percutaneous MWA under imaging guidance. The tumours were 1-4.7 cm in diameter (mean size, 2.7 cm). Therapeutic effects were assessed at follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients were followed up for 2-25 months (mean, 12.2 months) to observe the therapeutic effects and complications. Changes in renal function at day 1 after treatment were statistically analyzed using the Student paired t-test or the paired Wilcoxon test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was achieved in all cases. One severe bleeding complication post-procedure occurred leading to death. No other unexpected side effects were observed after the MWA procedures. Clinical effectiveness was 100%. None of the patients showed recurrence on MRI imaging follow-up. No significant changes in renal function were noted after treatment (P=0.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary study demonstrates that the use of MWA for the treatment of small renal tumours can be applied as safely and efficiently as other ablative techniques in selected patients not eligible for surgery.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Genson
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mourey
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Favelier
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Marco
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cercueil
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krausé
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Vascular, Oncologic and Interventional Radiology, 2 Department of Urology and Andrology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Dijon School of Medicine, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France ; 3 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 323 Charleston, USA ; 4 LE2I UMR CNRS 6306, Arts et Métiers, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Romaric
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loffroy
keywords: Renal tumour; microwave ablation (MWA); nephrectomy; outcomes; thermal ablation