title: Sleep Duration and Disruption and Prostate Cancer Risk: a 23-Year Prospective Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep deficiency is a major public health problem. There are limited human data on whether sleep duration or disruption are risk factors for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed 32,141 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who reported their typical sleep duration in 1987, 2000, and 2008. We identified 4,261 incident prostate cancer cases, including 563 lethal cases through 2010. Sleep disruption was assessed in 2004 among 19,639 men, with 930 prostate cancer cases (50 lethal) identified from 2004 to 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between sleep insufficiency and risk of overall and lethal prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1987, 2% of men reported sleeping ≤5 hours per night. We found no association between habitual sleep duration or change in sleep duration with the risk of advanced or lethal prostate cancer. We also found no association between waking up during the night, difficulty falling asleep, or waking up too early, and risk of prostate cancer. In 2004, 6% of men reported never feeling rested when they woke up; these men had an increased risk of developing lethal prostate cancer compared with those who reported always feeling rested when they woke up (RR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.15-8.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no consistent association between self-reported sleep duration or sleep disruption and any of our prostate cancer outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find support for a consistent association between self-reported sleep and risk of advanced or lethal prostate cancer in this large cohort of men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. sec110@mail.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Markt
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Flynn-Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Unnur A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Valdimarsdottir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. The Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Lara G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Sigurdardottir
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rulla M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tamimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haneuse
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lockley
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Czeisler
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Lorelei A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*