title: Nutritional Solutions to Reduce Risks of Negative Health Impacts of Air Pollution.
abstract: Air pollution worldwide has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, particularly in urban settings with elevated concentrations of primary pollutants. Air pollution is a very complex mixture of primary and secondary gases and particles, and its potential to cause harm can depend on multiple factors-including physical and chemical characteristics of pollutants, which varies with fine-scale location (e.g., by proximity to local emission sources)-as well as local meteorology, topography, and population susceptibility. It has been hypothesized that the intake of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients may ameliorate various respiratory and cardiovascular effects of air pollution through reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. To date, several studies have suggested that some harmful effects of air pollution may be modified by intake of essential micronutrients (such as B vitamins, and vitamins C, D, and E) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, we review the existing literature related to the potential for nutrition to modify the health impacts of air pollution, and offer a framework for examining these interactions.
authors.affiliation: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland. szabolcs.peter@dsm.com.
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Péter
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NW628 UPMC Montefiore Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. holguinf@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holguin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, University of Newcastle, Level 2, West Wing, HMRI Building, Kookaburra Crt, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia. lisa.wood@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Bridgeside Point I, 100 Technology Drive Room 350, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3130, USA. jcloughe@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Clougherty
authors.affiliation: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland. daniel.raederstorff@dsm.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raederstorff
authors.affiliation: Pannónia Street 66, Budapest 1133, Hungary. antalmagda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antal
authors.affiliation: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland. peter.weber@dsm.com.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland. manfred.eggersdorfer@dsm.com.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eggersdorfer
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009752:Nutritional Status; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: air pollution; inflammation; nutrients; oxidative stress; polyunsaturated fatty acids; vitamins