title: Factors influencing nursing time spent on administration of medication in an Australian residential aged care home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine nursing time spent on administration of medications in a residential aged care (RAC) home, and to determine factors that influence the time to medicate a resident.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Information on nursing time spent on medication administration is useful for planning and implementation of nursing resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses were observed over 12 morning medication rounds using a time-motion observational method and field notes, at two high-care units in an Australian RAC home.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses spent between 2.5 and 4.5 hours in a medication round. Administration of medication averaged 200 seconds per resident. Four factors had significant impact on medication time: number of types of medication, number of tablets taken by a resident, methods used by a nurse to prepare tablets and methods to provide tablets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of medication consumed a substantial, though variable amount of time in the RAC home. Nursing managers need to consider the factors that influenced the nursing time required for the administration of medication in their estimation of nursing workload and required resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To ensure safe medication administration for older people, managers should regularly assess the changes in the factors influencing nursing time on the administration of medication when estimating nursing workload and required resources.
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Siyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hailey
authors.affiliation: Regis Aged Care Bayside Garden Australia.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes; D013997:Time Factors; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D016526:Workload
keywords: administration of medication; nursing home; observation; time; workload