title: Venous malformation of the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to present a rare case of a venous malformation that occupied the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Prior to resection, it was believed to be a hemangioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study includes a case report and review of the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is often confusion between "hemangiomas" and "vascular malformations," but they are important to differentiate because they have unique approaches to treatment. Venous malformations in the paranasal sinuses are very rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that explicitly describes a venous malformation in the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. It was treated using endoscopic sinus surgery with intraoperative computer-assisted stereotactic navigation.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: agertel@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gertel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: jsouthwood@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Southwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: pnorth@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Paula E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: North
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: dpoetker@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Poetker
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: tloehrl@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Loehrl
mesh_terms: D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016634:Radiosurgery; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted