title: Diabetes and Glucose Metabolism in Thalassemia Major: An Update.
abstract: In patients with TM, uncontrolled iron overload has serious clinical consequences with considerable morbidity and mortality. Complications include liver damage, cardiac disease and endocrine dysfunction. Diabetes is an important complication of TM. The mechanisms of abnormal glucose homeostasis are complex and multifactorial. This review updates the current knowledge about glycemic abnormalities in TM patients and directs the attention to an early diagnosis and proper management.
authors.affiliation: a Pediatric and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic , Quisisana Hospital , Ferrara , Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Sanctis
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology , Alexandria University Children's Hospital , Alexandria , Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatrics , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elsedfy
authors.affiliation: d Cardiovascular MR Unit , Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana and Institute of Clinical Physiology , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.affiliation: e First Department of Paediatrics , University of Athens , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kattamis
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatrics , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Kholy
authors.affiliation: f National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Department of Hematology and BMT , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yassin
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D005293:Ferritins; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Continuous glucose monitoring system; Glucose homeostasis; Iron overload; Magnetic resonance imaging; Thalassemia; Treatment