title: Single-crystal diamond refractive lens for focusing X-rays in two dimensions.
abstract: The fabrication and performance evaluation of single-crystal diamond refractive X-ray lenses of which the surfaces are paraboloids of revolution for focusing X-rays in two dimensions simultaneously are reported. The lenses were manufactured using a femtosecond laser micromachining process and tested using X-ray synchrotron radiation. Such lenses were stacked together to form a standard compound refractive lens (CRL). Owing to the superior physical properties of the material, diamond CRLs could become indispensable wavefront-preserving primary focusing optics for X-ray free-electron lasers and the next-generation synchrotron storage rings. They can be used for highly efficient refocusing of the extremely bright X-ray sources for secondary optical schemes with limited aperture such as nanofocusing Fresnel zone plates and multilayer Laue lenses.
authors.affiliation: Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antipov
authors.affiliation: Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139, USA.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Baryshev
authors.affiliation: Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Antipova
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stoupin
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D018130:Diamond; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D018130:Diamond
keywords: X-ray optics; compound refractive lens; diamond two-dimensional lens; laser etching