title: Analysis of the Incidence of Noncutaneous Neoplasia After Lung Transplantation and Its Impact on Prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased survival in lung transplant recipients, the need for immunosuppressive therapy, and many risk factors before and after transplantation enhance the development of malignancies. This study sought to analyze the incidence of noncutaneous tumors after lung transplantation in our hospital, the risk factors for malignancy, and its impact on prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients after lung transplantation in our hospital from October 1993 to December 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population included 443 patients. In total, 35 neoplasia developed in 33 patients (9.6%). Twelve cases were posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), 7 localized in the native lung, 7 gynecologic neoplasia (2 in the breast, 4 in the vulva, and 1 in the cervix), 3 in the colon, 2 in the nervous system (one was an astrocytoma), 2 in the prostate, 1 in the kidney, and 1 in the esophagus. The average time between transplantation and malignancy detection was 52.7 ± 45.4 months, being earlier in patients with PTLDs than in non-PTLD. Eleven patients who developed malignancy (all patients with neoplasia in native lung and in cervix, 1 in the colon, 1 PTLD, and 1 in the nervous system) died as a result of it. The only factor associated with an increased risk of malignancy in our population was smoking history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost 10% of lung transplant recipients developed some type of noncutaneous neoplasia and the most frequently diagnosed were PTLDs. Lung neoplasia compromised most survival in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Pneumology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: isabelordonezdios@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ordóñez Dios
authors.affiliation: Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Pneumology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montoro Ballesteros
authors.affiliation: Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Pneumology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vaquero Barrios
authors.affiliation: Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Pneumology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cobos Ceballos
authors.affiliation: Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Pneumology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Redel Montero
authors.affiliation: Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Pneumology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santos Luna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D066027:Transplant Recipients