title: Physical Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors.
abstract: This paper presents a review of different classification techniques used to recognize human activities from wearable inertial sensor data. Three inertial sensor units were used in this study and were worn by healthy subjects at key points of upper/lower body limbs (chest, right thigh and left ankle). Three main steps describe the activity recognition process: sensors' placement, data pre-processing and data classification. Four supervised classification techniques namely, k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), and Random Forest (RF) as well as three unsupervised classification techniques namely, k-Means, Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM), are compared in terms of correct classification rate, F-measure, recall, precision, and specificity. Raw data and extracted features are used separately as inputs of each classifier. The feature selection is performed using a wrapper approach based on the RF algorithm. Based on our experiments, the results obtained show that the k-NN classifier provides the best performance compared to other supervised classification algorithms, whereas the HMM classifier is the one that gives the best results among unsupervised classification algorithms. This comparison highlights which approach gives better performance in both supervised and unsupervised contexts. It should be noted that the obtained results are limited to the context of this study, which concerns the classification of the main daily living human activities using three wearable accelerometers placed at the chest, right shank and left ankle of the subject.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems (LISSI), University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 122 rue Paul Armangot, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France. ferhat.attal@u-pec.fr.
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Attal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems (LISSI), University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 122 rue Paul Armangot, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France. samer.mohammed@u-pec.fr.
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems (LISSI), University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 122 rue Paul Armangot, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France. mariam.dedabrishvili@univ-paris-est.fr.
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dedabrishvili
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Information Science and Systems (LSIS, CNRS-UMR7296), University of Toulon, Bâtiment R, BP 20132, La Garde Cedex 83957, France. faicel.chamroukhi@univ-tln.fr.
authors.forename: Faicel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chamroukhi
authors.affiliation: French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, development and Networks (IFSTTAR), University of Paris-Est, COSYS, GRETTIA, Marne la Vallée F-77447, France. latifa.oukhellou@ifsttar.fr.
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oukhellou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems (LISSI), University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 122 rue Paul Armangot, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France. amirat@u-pec.fr.
authors.forename: Yacine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amirat
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003020:Clothing; D006802:Human Activities / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016011:Normal Distribution; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated
keywords: accelerometers; activity recognition; data classifiers; physical activities; smart spaces; wearable sensors