title: Defining Ethnic Enclave and Its Associations with Self-Reported Health Outcomes Among Asian American Adults in New York City.
abstract: Evidence on ethnic enclave-health associations for Asian Americans is limited due to an inconsistent definition of ethnic enclave. The authors aimed to establish a robust criterion for defining Asian enclaves in New York City (NYC) and assessed the association between enclave residence and health outcomes among Asian American adults. Data came from 2009-2012 NYC Community Health Surveys and 2008-2012 American Community Survey. Asian enclave was defined as an area with high dissimilarity and isolation scores as well as high concentration of Asians. Five of 55 NYC community districts were identified as Asian enclaves. After controlling for confounding, enclave residence was associated with positive perception of general health with borderline significance (prevalence ratio = 1.06, 95 % CI 0.98, 1.15), but not with current smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Ethnic enclave residence in urban areas may not produce a substantial impact on chronic health outcomes for Asian Americans beyond individual-level factors.
authors.affiliation: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA. slim1@health.nyc.gov.|Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Gotham Center, CN-6, 42-09 28th Street, Queens, NY, 11101-4132, USA. slim1@health.nyc.gov.
authors.forename: Sungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stella S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nneka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lundy De La Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Chau
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trinh-Shevrin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010465:Perception; D015995:Prevalence; D057216:Propensity Score; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Asian Americans; New York City; Residence characteristics; Statistical model