title: Multiple taxa in the Phoma-complex associate with black elder (Sambucus nigra L.).
abstract: The fungus Boeremia sambuci-nigrae (formerly Phoma sambuci-nigrae) causes the corymb wilt disease in elder (Sambucus nigra L.). Here, we assessed the genetic diversity of fungi within the Phoma-complex which associate with commercially cultivated elder in Styria (Austria). We sampled leaves, corymb stalks and berries of elder trees in one organically and in four conventionally managed orchards. In each orchard an area was left untreated allowing a sampling of fungicide treated and untreated trees. Nineteen taxa in the Phoma-complex were isolated and identified based on ITS and LSU nucDNA sequences. One isolate is closely related to Chaetosphaeronema, whereas the majority of the strains belong to the genera Epicoccum and Boeremia in Didymellaceae. Six isolates are monophyletic with Boeremia sambuci-nigrae. The results indicate a varying effectiveness of fungicide treatment for the different fungal groups investigated. The diverse distribution of isolates among the sampling sites suggests the influence of treatment effects and possibly also of climatic conditions.
authors.affiliation: University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Hildrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: University of Trieste, Department of Life Science, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muggia
authors.affiliation: University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fritscher
authors.affiliation: University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holler
authors.affiliation: University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.affiliation: University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guttenberger
authors.affiliation: University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria. Electronic address: uwe.simon@uni-graz.at.
authors.forename: Uwe K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000382:microbiology*; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Ascomycetes; Boeremia; Didymellaceae; Epicoccum; ITS