title: Engineering Heteromaterials to Control Lithium Ion Transport Pathways.
abstract: Safe and efficient operation of lithium ion batteries requires precisely directed flow of lithium ions and electrons to control the first directional volume changes in anode and cathode materials. Understanding and controlling the lithium ion transport in battery electrodes becomes crucial to the design of high performance and durable batteries. Recent work revealed that the chemical potential barriers encountered at the surfaces of heteromaterials play an important role in directing lithium ion transport at nanoscale. Here, we utilize in situ transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate that we can switch lithiation pathways from radial to axial to grain-by-grain lithiation through the systematic creation of heteromaterial combinations in the Si-Ge nanowire system. Our systematic studies show that engineered materials at nanoscale can overcome the intrinsic orientation-dependent lithiation, and open new pathways to aid in the development of compact, safe, and efficient batteries.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Siarhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vishniakou
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Jinkyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.|Materials Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Shadi A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dayeh