title: Evaluation of the relationship between the cost and properties of glass ionomer cements indicated for atraumatic restorative treatment.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate microshear bond strength (μSBS), water sorption and solubility of glass ionomer cements (GIC) indicated for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). Cylindrical specimens (6 x 2.4 mm) were used to test the sorption and solubility of each GIC (n = 5). The specimens were weighed before and after immersion in water and desiccation. For the μSBS test, 60 primary molars were ground to obtain flat surfaces from both enamel and dentin. The teeth were then assigned to the tested GIC (n = 10) groups, namely Fuji IX - FIX, Ketac Molar - KM and Maxxion R - MX. The exposed surfaces were pre-treated with GIC liquid. Polyethylene tubes were placed on the pre-treated surface and filled with one of the GIC. After 24 h, the specimens were submitted to the μSBS test. The failure mode was assessed using a stereomicroscope (400 x magnification). The powder to liquid ratio and cost of material were also determined (n = 3). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Linear regression was used to determine the relation between cost and the other variables. Overall, MX showed lower μSBS values (enamel: 3.93 ± 0.38; dentin: 5.04 ± 0.70) than FIX (enamel: 5.95 ± 0.85; dentin: 7.01 ± 1.06) and KM (enamel: 5.91 ± 0.78; dentin: 6.88 ± 1.35), as well as higher sorption and solubility. The regression analyses showed a significant and positive correlation between cost and μSBS in enamel (R2 = 0.62; p < 0.001) and dentin (R2 = 0.43; p < 0.001); and a negative correlation between cost and water sorption (R2 = 0.93; p < 0.001) and solubility (R2 = 0.79; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the materials indicated for ART exhibit distinct physical and mechanical properties; in addition, low-priced materials may interfere with GIC properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Flávia Bissoto
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kicuti
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tamara Kerber
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Minatel
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Prócida
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Raggio
mesh_terms: D057087:Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics*; D016014:Linear Models; D008422:Materials Testing; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D033081:Shear Strength; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C577194:Maxxion; C110713:fuji IX; C110712:ketac-molar; D014867:Water