title: High levels of anti-tuberculin (IgG) antibodies correlate with the blocking of T-cell proliferation in individuals with high exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of anti-tuberculin antibodies in the T-cell proliferation in response to tuberculin and Candida antigens in individuals with different levels of tuberculosis (TB) risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen high-risk TB individuals, 30 with an intermediate TB risk (group A), and 45 with a low TB risk (group B), as well as 49 control individuals, were studied. Tuberculin skin test (TST) results were analyzed and serum levels of antibodies (IgG and IgM) against purified protein derivative (PPD) were measured by ELISA. Tuberculin and Candida antigens were used to stimulate T-cell proliferation in the presence of human AB serum or autologous serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of anti-tuberculin IgG antibodies were found to be significantly associated with the blocking of T-cell proliferation responses in cultures stimulated with tuberculin but not with Candida antigens in the presence of autologous serum. This phenomenon was particularly frequent in high-risk individuals with high levels of anti-tuberculin IgG antibodies in the autologous serum when compared to the other risk groups, which exhibited lower levels of anti-tuberculin antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cellular immunity plays a central role in the protection against TB, humoral immunity is critical in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in high-risk individuals with latent TB infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: Edmond J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feris
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Encinales
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Clara, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology and Science Education, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA; Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA; The Rockefeller University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Joel N H
authors.initials: JNH
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: The Rockefeller University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabansky
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz-Lagunas
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobadilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granados-Montiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Tatiana S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Reyna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Vina
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granados
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: joazu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuñiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: edmond_yunis@dfci.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Edmond J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yunis
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002175:Candida / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology*; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D014373:Tuberculin
keywords: Anti-tuberculin antibodies; Humoral immunity; Latent tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; T-cell proliferation; Tuberculosis