title: Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Questionnaire Study of Neuropathic and Psychological Components.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is extensively debated but poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate neuropathic and psychological components of BMS in patients with primary BMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were recruited through a consultation dedicated to mouth diseases, during which a diagnosis of primary BMS was assessed. Patients answered the abbreviated Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4i), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the questionnaire de la douleur de Saint-Antoine (QDSA), the French version of the McGill pain questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients with primary BMS were included in the study: 31 % of them had a DN4i score in favour of neuropathic pain and 34.3 % had a HADS overall score in favour of anxiety and depressive disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both physiological and psychological aspects of BMS need to be actively investigated by clinicians to successfully manage these patients. The physiological and psychological aspects are not mutually exclusive. The DN4i and the HADS are easy-to-use tools and could be used in an initial assessment of BMS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, 29609, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Morgane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sevrain
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, 29609, Brest, France. emilie.brenaut@chu-brest.fr.|Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France. emilie.brenaut@chu-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brenaut
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Toux
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, 29609, Brest, France.|Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Misery
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires