title: Fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, and HbA1c in pregnancy and the postpartum risk of diabetes among Chinese women with gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very few studies have assessed the association of fasting and 2h glucose, and HbA1c during pregnancy with postpartum diabetes risk among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We assessed the association of fasting glucose, 2h glucose and HbA1c at 26-30 gestational weeks with postpartum diabetes risk among women with prior GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study in 1263 GDM women at 1-5 years after delivery was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of fasting and 2h plasma glucose, and HbA1c at 26-30 gestational weeks with the risk of diabetes at postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multivariable-adjusted (age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, current body mass index, family history of diabetes, marital status, education, family income, smoking status, passive smoking, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol drinking, and intake of energy, saturated fat, and dietary fiber) hazard ratios of postpartum diabetes were 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.91) for each 1 mmol/l increase in fasting glucose during pregnancy, 1.63 (95% CI: 1.45-1.84) for each 1 mmol/l increase in 2h glucose during pregnancy, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.50-2.97) for each 1 unit (%) increase in HbA1c during pregnancy. When fasting glucose, 2h glucose and HbA1c during pregnancy were entered multivariable-adjusted model simultaneously, 2h glucose and HbA1c but not fasting glucose remained to be significant and positive predictors for postpartum diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For women with prior GDM, 2h plasma glucose and HbA1c during pregnancy are independent predictors of postpartum diabetes, but fasting plasma glucose during pregnancy is not.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Huikun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Leishen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Weiqin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Yijuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, 96 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Huiguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping district, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Population Cancer Research program, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2.
authors.forename: Zhijie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. Electronic address: gang.hu@pbrc.edu.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Fasting plasma glucose; Gestational diabetes; HbA1c; Postpartum diabetes; Pregnancy