title: Systemic Lupus Erythematous Presenting as Catatonia and its Response to Electroconvulie Therapy.
abstract: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) encompasses various psychiatric and neurological manifestations that develop in SLE patients, secondary to involvement of central nervous system. Neuropsychiatric SLE, presenting as catatonia is very uncommon, and treatment of this condition is not well defined. Previously the role of benzodiazepines, immunosuppression, plasma exchange, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been described in its management. Here we describe a case of neuropsychiatric lupus presenting as catatonia that did not respond to benzodiazepines or immunosuppression. The symptoms of catatonia showed improvement with ECT. Furthermore, we have discussed the pathology of the disorder and the role of ECT in the treatment of cases of catatonia associated with SLE, who do not respond to benzodiazepines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Arshad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Tajamul H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Mansoor Ahmad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Javid Iqbal
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Naqashbandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Tajamul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Anam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Majid Shafi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Raheel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Basharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saleem
keywords: Benzodiazepines; catatonia; electroconvulsive therapy; systemic lupus erythematous