title: Use of haloperidol and risperidone in highly aggressive Swiss Webster mice by applying the model of spontaneous aggression (MSA).
abstract: Aggression is defined as the act in which an individual intentionally harms or injures another of their own species. Antipsychotics are a form of treatment used in psychiatric routine. They have been used for decades in treatment of patients with aggressive behavior. Haloperidol and risperidone promote the control of psychiatric symptoms, through their respective mechanisms of action. Experimental models are obtained by behavioral, genetic, and pharmacological manipulations, and use a reduced number of animals. In this context, we applied the model of spontaneous aggression (MSA), originating the presence of highly aggressive mice (AgR) when reassembled in adulthood. We administered haloperidol and risperidone in escalating doses, for ten consecutive days. Using positive and negative control groups, we evaluated the effectiveness of these drugs and the reversal of the aggressive behavior, performing the tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT) on 10th day of treatment and 10 days after its discontinuation. The results showed that both antipsychotic drugs were effective in AgR and reversed the aggressive phenotype, reducing the number of attacks by AgR and the extent of lesions in the subordinate mice (AgD) exposed to the pattern of aggressive behavior (PAB) of the aggressors. This conclusion is based on the reduction in the animals' motor and exploratory activity, and on the reversal of patterns of aggressive behavior. The association between the MSA and experiments with other therapeutic protocols and different antipsychotics can be an important methodology in the study of aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: viviane.fragoso@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Viviane Muniz da Silva
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Fragoso
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: luanda.hoope@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Luanda Yanaan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: taniaaj@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Tânia Cremonini
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: de Araújo-Jorge
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: socram@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Marcos José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: jeron.diego@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jerônimo Diego de Souza
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Applied Mathematics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20559-900, Brazil. Electronic address: ccortezs@ime.uerj.br.
authors.forename: Célia Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: gmoliveira@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Gabriel Melo
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014149:Tranquilizing Agents; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone
keywords: Haloperidol; Mice; Model of spontaneous aggression; Risperidone