title: Material-specific retroactive interference effects of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition on the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition in a nonclinical sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated proactive and retroactive interference effects between the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) using the flexible approach, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty nonclinical participants were assigned to a four (visual interference, verbal interference, visual and verbal interference, vs. no interference) by two (retroactive vs. proactive) between-subjects design. The administration order of the tests was counterbalanced (i.e., administration of the WAIS-IV prior to the WMS-IV, and the WAIS-IV administered during the delay interval of the WMS-IV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The WAIS-IV produced significant retroactive interference effects on the WMS-IV; however, no proactive interference effect was observed. The retroactive interference effect was dependent on material specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that material presented within the delay of the WMS-IV can have a significant effect on subsequent delayed recall. Clinicians should carefully consider the effects associated with carry-over effects of these tests when using them in combination.
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology and Public Health , La Trobe University , Bundoora , VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Nicolette S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology and Public Health , La Trobe University , Bundoora , VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Jessica V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Diakoumakos
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology and Public Health , La Trobe University , Bundoora , VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Erin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology and Public Health , La Trobe University , Bundoora , VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Simon F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Crowe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Memory; proactive interference; retroactive interference; test order effects