title: Surgery corrects asynchrony of ribcage secondary to extra-thoracic tumor but leads to expiratory dysfunction during exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of chest wall tumours on chest wall mechanics is uncertain even less is known about the effects of resection and reconstruction. Our aim is to study how chest wall mechanics are altered in chest wall sarcoma and to determine the effect of chest wall reconstruction on chest wall kinetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Optoelectronic Plethysmography (OEP), total and regional chest wall volumes were measured in a patient with unilateral extra-thoracic chest wall sarcoma, before and 5 months after resection and reconstruction, during quiet breathing and exercise using cycle ergometry. During quiet breathing the unilateral tumour was associated with reduced in motion of the lower rib cage and abdominal compartments on both sides of the chest as well as asynchronous motion of the contralateral lower rib cage. Surgery corrected these abnormalities in quiet breathing. But during exercise there was a reduction in the upper rib cage motion compared to pre-operative measures from 0.43+/-0.06 to 0.36 +/- 0.02 L postoperatively (p <0.05). This impairment was characterised by a significant increase in the end expiratory volume on the operated side of the chest 5 months after surgery by 6.5 +/- 0.6 and 5.7 +/- 0.7 % during 50 and 100 % exercise respectively (p <0.0001) a finding that was not replicated in the non-operated side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This physiological study demonstrates the negative effect of chest wall tumours on global chest wall mechanics during quiet breathing and exercise and shows that surgery reverses this abnormality, but only at rest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heart of England NHS foundation trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, West Midlands, B9 5SS, UK.|School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Medical School, Vincent Drive University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elshafie
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aliverti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ludovica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pippa
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Medical School, Vincent Drive University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heart of England NHS foundation trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, West Midlands, B9 5SS, UK.
authors.forename: Maninder
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalkat
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heart of England NHS foundation trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, West Midlands, B9 5SS, UK. b.naidu@bham.ac.uk.|School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Medical School, Vincent Drive University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. b.naidu@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Babu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naidu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005080:Exercise Test; D045853:Exhalation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010991:Plethysmography; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed