title: Effect of Arsenic Trioxide in TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand)-Mediated Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The potential therapeutic application of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), was recently proposed. However, there have been some problems with the use of TRAIL, due to the appearance of TRAIL-resistant cells in MM. The effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the rate of apoptosis induced by TRAIL was evaluated in MM cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using TRAIL-sensitive (RPMI- 8226) and TRAIL-resistant (ARH-77 and IM-9) MM cell lines, the cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and change in the caspases were examined after treatment with TRAIL alone, or in combination with various concentrations of As2O3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubating the cell lines with As2O3 augmented the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the MM cell lines, according to the As2O3 concentration. Apoptosis was mediated through caspase activation. When TRAIL was used alone, caspase8 was activated in the RPMI-8226 cell lines, but not in the ARH-77 and IM-9 cell lines. When As2O3 was added to TRAIL, caspase-9 was activated in the ARH-77 and IM-9 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of As2O3, in combination with TRAIL, would help enhance the level of TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and overcome the TRAIL-resistance, in MM cells.
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Young Seon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hee Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Sook Ja
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nam Su
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hee Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Apoptosis; Arsenic trioxide; Caspase; Multiple myeloma