title: Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species.
abstract: Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world's >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwin building, Darwinweg 4, Leiden 2300 AA, The Netherlands. ; Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ter Steege
authors.affiliation: Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA. ; Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Nigel C A
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Pitman
authors.affiliation: Agteca-Amazonica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2711-1646
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Killeen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Laurance
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA. ; Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Av. Río Coca E6-115 e Isla Floreana, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Juan Ernesto
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael P
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0947-0132
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Salomão
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA - Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, BR 174, km 8 - Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista, RR 69301-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina V
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1064-2758
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iêda Leão
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisca Dionízia
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: de Almeida Matos
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6710-7660
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Souza Coelho
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Oliver L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8993-6168
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Andrade Lima Filho
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Av. Feliciano Coelho, 1509. Trem, Macapá, Amapá 68901-025, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jesus Veiga Carim
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Victória
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Irume
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Pires
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8094-1879
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), TA 40/PS2, Boulevard de la Lironde, Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Molino
authors.affiliation: UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), TA 40/PS2, Boulevard de la Lironde, Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0883-1530
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sabatier
authors.affiliation: Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.affiliation: Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5, Bogotá, DF 44, Colombia.
authors.forename: Dairon Cárdenas
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Av. Feliciano Coelho, 1509. Trem, Macapá, Amapá 68901-025, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Renan
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: da Silva Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.
authors.forename: Abel Monteagudo
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru.
authors.forename: Percy Núñez
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-027, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelo Gilberto
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Manzatto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-028, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neidiane Farias Costa
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2833-7126
authors.initials: NF
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authors.affiliation: Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8238-4583
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authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-028, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia Regina
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Casula
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil. ; Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, FCA-UAGRM, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
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authors.affiliation: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. ; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK.
authors.forename: Ted R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6631-7962
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authors.affiliation: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. ; Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. José A. Quiñones km. 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru.
authors.forename: Euridice N
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2314-590X
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Honorio Coronado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia 1027, Colombia.
authors.forename: Alvaro Javier Duque
authors.initials: AJ
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charles Eugene
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Zartman
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Bonifacio
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8292-9611
authors.initials: B
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authors.affiliation: Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael L
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authors.forename: Marcelo Brilhante
authors.initials: MB
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authors.affiliation: Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estaccao Biologica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Fragomeni
authors.initials: MF
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authors.affiliation: Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana
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authors.affiliation: Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0370-9878
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authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
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authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz S
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authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ben-Hur
authors.initials: BH
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9600-4625
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Targhetta
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ima Célia Guimarães
authors.initials: IC
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authors.affiliation: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
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authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, Noord Holland 1098 XH, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joost F
authors.initials: JF
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authors.affiliation: Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd., Silver Spring, MD 20901, USA.
authors.forename: Hugo F
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4516-9462
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa Fernandez
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Piedade
authors.affiliation: Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa 3350, Venezuela.
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authors.initials: GA
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authors.affiliation: Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA.
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authors.initials: JA
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authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9768-520X
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authors.lastname: Damasco
authors.affiliation: Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13.083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nállarett
authors.initials: N
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK. ; Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.
authors.forename: Roosevelt
authors.initials: R
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authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DF, Colombia.
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authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2394-447X
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil. ; Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK.
authors.forename: Thaise
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5415-1822
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil. ; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, University of Wageningen, Lumen, building no.100, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levis
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1687-4373
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authors.lastname: Schietti
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 0705, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
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authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 0705, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8240-1315
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dallmeier
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Valle
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9674-0238
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Ecosistemas, Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador.
authors.forename: David
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authors.affiliation: Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araujo-Murakami
authors.affiliation: Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Luzmila
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2203-2882
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Antunes
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3485-0797
authors.initials: FA
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Coelho
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dário Dantas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3546-5719
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.affiliation: Diretoria de Pesquisas Científicas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0850-5578
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authors.lastname: Gribel
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Garcia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8384-8386
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Luize
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Petrati
authors.initials: MP
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authors.affiliation: Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
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authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
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authors.affiliation: Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, FCA-UAGRM, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Marisol
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authors.lastname: Toledo
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authors.forename: Chris
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authors.affiliation: Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
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authors.initials: C
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authors.forename: Julien
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Grupo de Ecología de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia.
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authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8610-1771
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authors.affiliation: Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwin building, Darwinweg 4, Leiden 2300 AA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul
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authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Km 7 via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Peñuela
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex 97379, French Guiana.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petronelli
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juan David Cardenas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8277-5023
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authors.affiliation: Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC 69915-559, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0485-7872
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authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Land Resource and Management Unit, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 440, Ispra, VA I-21027, Italy. ; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceio, AL 57072-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
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authors.affiliation: Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Georgetown, Guyana.
authors.forename: Raquel
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authors.lastname: Thomas-Caesar
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
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authors.affiliation: New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY 10458-5126, USA.
authors.forename: Doug
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1205-9491
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authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru.
authors.forename: Marcos Ríos
authors.initials: MR
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authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naara Ferreira
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, La Paz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA.
authors.forename: Peter Møller
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8891-4493
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schöngart
authors.affiliation: Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA.
authors.forename: Miles R
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4152-2844
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Silman
authors.affiliation: Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5, Bogotá, DF 44, Colombia.
authors.forename: Nicolás Castaño
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2892-1074
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Arboleda
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Barçante Ladvocat
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5116-2654
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Madre de Dios, Madre de Dios, Peru.
authors.forename: Fernando Cornejo
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8893-9052
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
authors.affiliation: Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201, Bogotá, DF, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan Fernando
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwin building, Darwinweg 4, Leiden 2300 AA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tinde R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4951-1894
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: van Andel
authors.affiliation: Fundación Estación de Biología, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201, Bogotá, DF, Colombia.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Hildebrand
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edelcilio Marques
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1331-8563
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9421-6624
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Matos Bonates
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5234-2174
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emanuelle
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5949-877X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Sousa Farias
authors.affiliation: ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru.
authors.forename: Therany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.affiliation: Departement EV, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris, 16 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6297-7939
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guillaumet
authors.affiliation: Amazon Conservation Team, Doekhieweg Oost #24, Paramaribo, Suriname.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, England OX1 3QY, UK.
authors.forename: Yadvinder
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Malhi
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ires Paula
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0414-2183
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: de Andrade Miranda
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, UNAL, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7945, Bogotá, DF, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7140-6599
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, UNAL, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7945, Bogotá, DF, Colombia.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudas
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n , Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ademir R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0352-5238
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ruschell
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalino
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4068-2432
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, San Martín 451, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru.
authors.forename: César I A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7177-8352
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia. ; Regional Norte Amazónico, Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0388-8530
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Eglée L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7475-7335
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Zent
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Stanford
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5197-1638
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zent
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DF, Colombia.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goyatacazes, RJ 28013-620, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Trindade
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4492-3344
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5526-8109
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Hirma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Angulo
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Ferreira
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1580-3370
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4587-0566
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.affiliation: GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Milton
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8189-8654
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tirado
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Maria Natalia Umaña
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA.
authors.forename: Geertje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Emilio Vilanova
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.affiliation: Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA.
authors.forename: Corine
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2119-6797
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vriesendorp
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science and Policy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
authors.forename: Ophelia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, CLA building, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil. ; Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Reduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2203-2076
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baider
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1540 Ny Munkegade, Aarhus C, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balslev
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4789-2814
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3196-0317
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Farfan-Rios
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cid
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia. ; Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Casimiro
authors.identifier: 2708-1975-2001-2009
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
authors.forename: Italo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7665-7015
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mesones
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres-Lezama
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia 1027, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ligia Estela Urrego
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Giraldo
authors.affiliation: Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Villarroel
authors.affiliation: Tropenbos International, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zagt
authors.affiliation: School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK.
authors.forename: Miguel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Alexiades
authors.affiliation: Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8535-5086
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garcia-Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7279-1003
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru.
authors.forename: Isau
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4153-5875
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
authors.affiliation: Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Milliken
authors.affiliation: Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Walter Palacios
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Cuenca
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-029, Brazil.
authors.forename: Susamar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pansini
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA 68015-110, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1855-6077
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pauletto
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Peru.
authors.forename: Freddy Ramirez
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2441-9984
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Arevalo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-029, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adeilza Felipe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9907-4741
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Peru. ; Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
authors.forename: Elvis H
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7587-1941
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Valderrama Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.
authors.forename: Luis Valenzuela
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1447-8753
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Gamarra
keywords: Amazonia; Conservation; Deforestation; Indigenous areas; Protected areas; Tree species