title: Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of diabetes in the Japanese community: results from the Takayama study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several experimental studies showed that magnesium intake improved insulin resistance and glucose uptake in diabetes patients. However, epidemiological studies on the association between magnesium intake and diabetes risk have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether magnesium intake is related to the risk of developing diabetes in a population-based cohort study in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were participants in the Takayama study. A total of 13,525 residents in Takayama City, Japan, responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 1992 and to a follow-up questionnaire seeking information about diabetes in 2002. Magnesium and other nutrient intakes were estimated from a validated food frequency questionnaire administered at the baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a follow-up of 10 years, 438 subjects reported diabetes newly diagnosed by physician. Compared with women in the low quartile of magnesium intake, women in the high quartile were at a significantly reduced risk of diabetes (HR 0.50; 95 % CI 0.30-0.84; P-trend 0.005) after adjustments for covariates. In men, there was no association between magnesium intake and the risk of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that diets with a high intake of magnesium may decrease the risk of diabetes in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. t2111008@edu.gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000072001:Diet, Healthy / Q000208:ethnology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Diabetes; Diet; Magnesium; Prospective studies; The Japanese