title: Fracture of the Medial Humeral Epicondyle in Children: A Comparison of Operative and Nonoperative Management.
abstract: To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of medial epicondylar fractures treated operatively to those treated nonoperatively, 30 patients with 31 fractures were divided into three groups: (a) nondisplaced, six treated nonoperatively; (b) incarcerated fragment, four with operative treatment; and (c) displaced but not incarcerated, 21 fractures, 14 treated operatively and seven nonoperatively. Clinical outcomes were assessed with follow-up examination and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association elbow assessment score. Average elbow scores were 98 in nondisplaced fractures, 94 with an incarcerated fragment, 95 in displaced fractures treated operatively, and 94 in displaced fractures treated nonoperatively. The only nonunion was in a fracture with an incarcerated fragment. Both operative and nonoperative treatment produced good outcome scores in displaced but not incarcerated fractures, but radiographic deformity and instability were more frequent in those treated nonoperatively.
authors.forename: Marcus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Biggers
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moisan
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Derek M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome