title: Analysis of antibody profiles in symptomatic malaria in three sentinel sites of Ivory Coast by using multiplex, fluorescent, magnetic, bead-based serological assay (MAGPIX™).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in malaria control have reduced the burden of disease resulting from exposure to parasite infections. The consequences on naturally acquired immunity are unclear. A magnetic bead-based immunoassay (MBA) to assess antibody levels in populations living in endemic areas was previously evaluated. In this study, the effect of clinical attacks on immunity was analysed in three sentinel sites of Ivory Coast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant proteins or peptides derived from liver or blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum (CSP, LSA141, LSA3, SALSA, PF13-DBL1α1, GLURP, AMA1, MSP1p19, MSP4p20), the CSP of Plasmodium malariae and the salivary glands antigen of Anopheles gambiae (gSG6) were covalently linked to a colour-coded microsphere (Luminex™ beads) for the multiplex assay. ELISA was used for whole parasite extract antigen. Blood samples (n = 94) of patients consulting for symptomatic malaria attacks and living in three different malaria endemic settings (rural and periurban) were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highly variable seroprevalence of antibody responses against parasite antigens was found ranging from 3 (gSG6) to 97% (MSP4p20). A marked prevalence and significantly higher level of antibodies was found in patients from the rural site (Korhogo), those harbouring the lowest level of parasitaemia. The use of whole schizont extract could not discriminate immunity level, contrary to parasite-derived recombinant proteins or peptides. Prevalence of responders to LSA141 and levels of antibodies to PF13 were significantly different between the three settings. Moreover, the post-treatment clearance of parasites was clearly associated with a significantly higher level of antibody response for almost 50% of the parasite antigens tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multiplex MBA-Magpix technology assay provides an accurate high throughput monitoring of parasite-specific antibodies during symptomatic malaria. The levels of antibody responses may provide a risk criterion with respect to the degree of parasitic infection. Additionally, they can be used as an indicator in the implementation of malaria prevention and local control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. davidkoffi82@gmail.com.|UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. davidkoffi82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koffi
authors.affiliation: Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. andre_offianan@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: André Offianan
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Touré
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal. lvarela@pasteur.sn.
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Immunologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. ines@pasteur.mg.
authors.forename: Inès
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vigan-Womas
authors.affiliation: Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. be_sylvain@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Béourou
authors.affiliation: UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. mariejosesomela@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Somela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brou
authors.affiliation: UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. emafrancebobin@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ehouman
authors.affiliation: UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Lae0403gnamien@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Laeticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gnamien
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal. vrichard@pasteur.sn.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. djamanj@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Joseph Allico
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Djaman
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal. perraut@pasteur.sn.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perraut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008288:Malaria / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan