title: Rod-shaped and substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles stimulating type 1 and 2 cytokine secretion.
abstract: A Th1 immune response is required for modern vaccines as the most commonly used alum adjuvant has weak capacity for inducing Th1 immune response. Herein, rod-shaped hydroxyapatite (HA), magnesium-substituted HA (MgHA) and zinc-substituted HA (ZnHA) nanoparticles with irregular nanopores were synthesized and used as immunoadjuvants. Magnesium and zinc substitution in HA showed no influence on morphology, particle size, zeta potential and surface area of the nanoparticles. The rod-shaped MgHA and ZnHA nanoparticles promoted the cellular uptake of a molecular immunopotentiator, stimulated both type 1 and 2 cytokine secretion in vitro that relate to Th1 and Th2 immunity of bone marrow dentritic cells, respectively. The MgHA and ZnHA nanoparticles may be useful as immunoadjuvants for human.
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. Electronic address: xp-wang@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Xiupeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sogo
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017886:Durapatite; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Adjuvant; Rod-shaped HA; Substitution; Th1 immunity; Th2 immunity