title: Electrophysiological, transcriptomic and morphologic profiling of single neurons using Patch-seq.
abstract: Despite the importance of the mammalian neocortex for complex cognitive processes, we still lack a comprehensive description of its cellular components. To improve the classification of neuronal cell types and the functional characterization of single neurons, we present Patch-seq, a method that combines whole-cell electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings, single-cell RNA-sequencing and morphological characterization. Following electrophysiological characterization, cell contents are aspirated through the patch-clamp pipette and prepared for RNA-sequencing. Using this approach, we generate electrophysiological and molecular profiles of 58 neocortical cells and show that gene expression patterns can be used to infer the morphological and physiological properties such as axonal arborization and action potential amplitude of individual neurons. Our results shed light on the molecular underpinnings of neuronal diversity and suggest that Patch-seq can facilitate the classification of cell types in the nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Cathryn R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-8285
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cadwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palasantza
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.|Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany.|Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berens
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Qiaolin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany.|Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bethge
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.|Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberley F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Tolias
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rickard
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6473-1740
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.|Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tolias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000502:physiology*