title: Is serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in Korean adults?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mixed results exist regarding the role of vitamin D deficiency in depression and suicidal ideation. The present study investigated the relationships among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in a large representative of the general population of Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted by the Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2010 to 2012 were investigated. A total of 15,695 subjects aged 20 and older were included in analysis. Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were evaluated based on self-report information. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The associations among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation were explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for various confounding variables including sociodemographic and health-related variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not significantly different depending on the depressive symptoms (participant with depressive symptom, n = 2085, 17.10 ng/ml; without depressive symptom, n = 13,610, 17.36 ng/ml; p = 0.142) and suicidal ideation (participant with suicidal ideation, n = 2319, 17.31 ng/ml; without suicidal ideation, n = 13,374, 17.33 ng/ml; p = 0.926). After adjustment for sociodemographic and health-related factors, this lack of relationship was held consistent in the multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant associations were not observed among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Korean adults. Further studies are warranted to gain a better understanding of the association among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Won Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea skchung@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Vitamin D; depressive symptom; suicidal ideation