title: Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six extracted human sound premolars were collected. Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. Micro-computed tomography was used to study demineralisation. The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. The OLD and WLD were directly related to the extent of secondary caries. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. No interaction effect on OLD was found between the restorative materials and SDF conditioning (P = 0.062). The WLD was detected only in groups 3 and 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: May Lei
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Irene Shuping
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Edward Chin-Man
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-0430
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000502:physiology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012008:Recurrence; D018030:Silver Compounds; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000502:physiology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; D013395:Sucrose; C024633:silver diamine fluoride
keywords: Silver diamine fluoride; glass ionomer; resin composite; secondary caries