title: Evaluation of a Family-Centered Preventive Intervention for Military Families: Parent and Child Longitudinal Outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the longitudinal outcomes of Families OverComing Under Stress (FOCUS), a family-centered preventive intervention implemented to enhance resilience and to reduce psychological health risk in military families and children who have high levels of stress related to parental wartime military service.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a secondary analysis of evaluation data from a large-scale service implementation of the FOCUS intervention collected between July 2008 and December 2013 at 15 military installations in the United States and Japan. We present data for 2,615 unique families (3,499 parents and 3,810 children) with completed intake and at least 1 postintervention assessment. Longitudinal regression models with family-level random effects were used to assess the patterns of change in child and parent (civilian and military) psychological health outcomes over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement in psychological health outcomes occurred in both service member and civilian parents. Relative to intake, parental anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly reduced postintervention, and these reductions were maintained at 2 subsequent follow-up assessments. In addition, we identified an improvement over time in emotional and behavioral symptoms and in prosocial behaviors for both boys and girls. We observed reductions in the prevalence of unhealthy family functioning and child anxiety symptoms, as well as parental depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms from intake to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal program evaluation data show sustained trajectories of reduced psychological health risk symptoms and improved indices of resilience in children, civilian, and active duty military parents participating in a strength-based, family-centered preventive intervention.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior. Electronic address: plester@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.affiliation: UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Li-Jung
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
authors.forename: Norweeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Milburn
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mogil
authors.affiliation: United States Bureau of Navy Medicine and Surgery, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.affiliation: United States Marine Corps Headquarters, Arlington, VA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aralis
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
authors.forename: Maegan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semaan
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klosinski
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Beardslee
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saltzman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005196:Family Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D066067:Military Family / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare
keywords: family resilience; family-centered prevention; military-connected children; parental mental health; wartime deployment