title: Tadalafil for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Japanese Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results from a 12-week Placebo-controlled Dose-finding Study with a 42-week Open-label Extension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy, safety, and dose response of tadalafil once daily in Japanese men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-LUTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Men ≥45 years with moderate-to-severe BPH-LUTS were randomized to once-daily placebo (N = 140), tadalafil 2.5 mg (N = 142), or tadalafil 5.0 mg (N = 140), in a 12-week double-blind phase, followed by a 42-week, tadalafil 5.0 mg open-label extension (OLE) phase (N = 394). The primary outcome was total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) change from baseline to last available observation in the double-blind phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The least squares (LS) mean difference between placebo and tadalafil in total IPSS change from baseline was -0.7 (P = 0.201) and -1.1 (P = 0.062) for tadalafil 2.5 and 5 mg, respectively (ANCOVA; a dose-dependent improvement in placebo-adjusted total IPSS for tadalafil 5 mg versus 2.5 mg of 57%). Repeated-measures analyses identified a significant total IPSS change for tadalafil 5 mg (LS mean difference between placebo and tadalafil 5 mg: -1.2; P = 0.035), but not tadalafil 2.5 mg, at week 12. Significant improvements for tadalafil 5 mg were demonstrated (ANCOVA) for IPSS obstructive subscore (P = 0.033) and IPSS quality of life index (P = 0.022). Numerical improvements in IPSS scores were maintained over the OLE phase. Tadalafil was well tolerated with no unexpected adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tadalafil (5.0 mg) had a favorable benefit-to-risk profile, supporting further investigation of tadalafil (5.0 mg) in Japanese men with BPH-LUTS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanLilly Research Laboratories Japan, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, JapanLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanLilly Research Laboratories Japan, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, JapanLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanLilly Research Laboratories Japan, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, JapanLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanLilly Research Laboratories Japan, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, JapanLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanLilly Research Laboratories Japan, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, JapanLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viktrup
keywords: Japanese; benign prostatic hyperplasia; lower urinary tract symptoms; phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors; tadalafil