title: Determination of lytic enzyme activities of indigenous Trichoderma isolates from Pakistan.
abstract: This study investigated lytic enzyme activities in three indigenous Trichoderma strains namely, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma sp. Native Trichoderma strains and a virulent strain of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from infected bean plants were also included in the study. Enzyme activities were determined by measuring sugar reduction by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method using suitable substrates. The antagonists were cultured in minimal salt medium with the following modifications: medium A (1 g of glucose), medium B (0.5 g of glucose + 0.5 g of deactivated R. solani mycelia), medium C (1.0 g of deactivated respective antagonist mycelium) and medium D (1 g of deactivated R. solani mycelia). T asperellum showed presence of higher amounts of chitinases, β-1, 3-glucanases and xylanases in extracellular protein extracts from medium D as compared to medium A. While, the higher activities of glucosidases and endoglucanses were shown in medium D extracts by T. harzianum. β-glucosidase activities were lower compared with other enzymes; however, activities of the extracts of medium D were significantly different. T. asperellum exhibited maximum inhibition (97.7%). On the other hand, Trichoderma sp. did not show any effect on mycelia growth of R. solani on crude extract.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saeed Ahmad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Asad
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabassum
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fayyaz Ul
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aftab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sabaz Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rafiq
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahzad
mesh_terms: D002688:Chitinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D010154:Pakistan; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D002688:Chitinases; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases