title: Effects of Interscalene Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients after Shoulder Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shoulder surgery can produce severe postoperative pain and movement limitations. Evidence has shown that regional nerve block is an effective management for postoperative shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) combined with interscalene nerve block in comparison to PCA alone after shoulder surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 103 patients receiving PCA combined with interscalene nerve block (PCAIB) and 48 patients receiving PCA alone after shoulder surgery were included. Patients' characteristics, preoperative shoulder score and range of motion, surgical and anesthetic condition in addition to visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, postoperative PCA consumption, and adverse outcomes were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that PCA combined with interscalene nerve block (PCAIB) group required less volume of analgesics than PCA alone group in 24 hours (57.76 ± 23.29 mL versus 87.29 ± 33.73 mL, p < 0.001) and 48 hours (114.86 ± 40.97 mL versus 183.63 ± 44.83 mL, p < 0.001) postoperatively. The incidence of dizziness in PCAIB group was significantly lower than PCA group (resp., 1.9% and 14.6%, p = 0.005). VAS, nausea, and vomiting were less in group PCAIB, but in the absence of significant statistical correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interscalene nerve block is effective postoperatively in reducing the demand for PCA analgesics and decreasing opioids-induced adverse events following shoulder surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan ; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Pin
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan ; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Jyun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan ; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan ; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Chin
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan ; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huang-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery*