title: Circulating long noncoding RNA GAS5 levels are correlated to prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disease, is characterized by impaired fasting glucose levels. Type 2 DM is adult onset diabetes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression and multiple studies have linked lncRNAs to human diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples obtained from 96 participating veterans at JAH VA were deposited in the Research Biospecimen Repository. We used a two-stage strategy to identify an lncRNA whose levels correlated with T2DM. Initially we screened five serum samples from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals using lncRNA arrays. Next, GAS5 lncRNA levels were analyzed in 96 serum samples using quantitative PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff GAS5 for diagnosis of DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrate that decreased GAS5 levels in serum were associated with diabetes in a cohort of US military veterans. The ROC analysis revealed an optimal cutoff GAS5 value of less than or equal to 10. qPCR results indicated that individuals with absolute GAS5 < 10 ng/μl have almost twelve times higher odds of having diabetes (Exact Odds Ratio [OR] = 11.79 (95% CI: 3.97, 37.26), p < 0.001). Analysis indicated area under curve (AUC) of ROC of 0.81 with 85.1% sensitivity and 67.3% specificity in distinguishing non-diabetic from diabetic subjects. The positive predictive value is 71.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  lncRNA GAS5 levels are correlated to prevalence of T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of GAS5 in serum along with other parameters offers greater accuracy in identifying individuals at-risk for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
authors.forename: Gay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miladinovic
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
authors.forename: Achintya A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deland
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mastorides
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, United States ; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
authors.forename: Niketa A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Patel
keywords: AUC, area under curve; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; Diabetes; GAS5; GAS5, growth-arrest specific transcript 5; NMD, nonsense mediated decay; ROC, receiver operating characteristics; Serum; Veterans; lncRNA; lncRNA, long noncoding RNA