title: A Clinical Study of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the frequency of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in patients of diabetes mellitus with dry eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purposive random sampling. Totally, 200 eyes of 100 patients of diabetes mellitus and an equal number of eyes of normal subjects as control, who were gender and age matched and all of whom were symptomatic for dry eye were assessed for MGD by noting the symptoms and determining the meibomian gland expression scale for volume and viscosity, and ocular surface staining with Lissamine green, and Fluorescein sodium. All the subjects were graded for the severity of MGD. The results were compared in both the groups to ascertain whether the frequency of MGD in diabetics is significantly more as compared to nondiabetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were analyzed by Chi-square test for significance. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the frequency of MGD in diabetics as compared to the nondiabetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus is associated with MGD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Shamsheer
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arunachalam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008086:Lissamine Green Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019793:Fluorescein; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008086:Lissamine Green Dyes; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Dry Eye; Meibomian Gland Dysfunction; Meibomian Gland Expression Scale