title: Modulators of Macrophage Polarization Influence Healing of the Infarcted Myocardium.
abstract: To diminish heart failure development after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), several preclinical studies have focused on influencing the inflammatory processes in the healing response post-AMI. The initial purpose of this healing response is to clear cell debris of the injured cardiac tissue and to eventually resolve inflammation and support scar tissue formation. This is a well-balanced reaction. However, excess inflammation can lead to infarct expansion, adverse ventricular remodeling and thereby propagate heart failure development. Different macrophage subtypes are centrally involved in both the promotion and resolution phase of inflammation. Modulation of macrophage subset polarization has been described to greatly affect the quality and outcome of healing after AMI. Therefore, it is of great interest to reveal the process of macrophage polarization to support the development of therapeutic targets. The current review summarizes (pre)clinical studies that demonstrate essential molecules involved in macrophage polarization that can be modulated and influence cardiac healing after AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands. e.terhorst@vumc.nl.|Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands. e.terhorst@vumc.nl.|Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Netherlands Heart Institute, Moreelsepark 1, Utrecht 3511 EP, The Netherlands. e.terhorst@vumc.nl.|Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands. e.terhorst@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Ellis N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: ter Horst
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands. n.hakimzadeh@amc.nl.
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hakimzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands. a.m.vanderlaan@amc.nl.
authors.forename: Anja M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van der Laan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands. paj.krijnen@vumc.nl.|Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands. paj.krijnen@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Paul A J
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Krijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands. jwm.niessen@vumc.nl.|Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands. jwm.niessen@vumc.nl.|Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands. jwm.niessen@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Hans W M
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands. j.j.piek@amc.nl.
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Piek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C095114:collapsin response mediator protein-2
keywords: inflammation; macrophage polarization; myocardial infarction