title: Principles of using Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stimulated Media for Cancer Treatment.
abstract: To date, the significant anti-cancer capacity of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on dozens of cancer cell lines has been demonstrated in vitro and in mice models. Conventionally, CAP was directly applied to irradiate cancer cells or tumor tissue. Over past three years, the CAP irradiated media was also found to kill cancer cells as effectively as the direct CAP treatment. As a novel strategy, using the CAP stimulated (CAPs) media has become a promising anti-cancer tool. In this study, we demonstrated several principles to optimize the anti-cancer capacity of the CAPs media on glioblastoma cells and breast cancer cells. Specifically, using larger wells on a multi-well plate, smaller gaps between the plasma source and the media, and smaller media volume enabled us to obtain a stronger anti-cancer CAPs media composition without increasing the treatment time. Furthermore, cysteine was the main target of effective reactive species in the CAPs media. Glioblastoma cells were more resistant to the CAPs media than breast cancer cells. Glioblastoma cells consumed the effective reactive species faster than breast cancer cells did. In contrast to nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide was more likely to be the effective reactive species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science &Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Room 3550, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Dayun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, The George Washington University, Phillips Hall, 801 22nd Street, NW, Suite 212, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Lisner Hall, 2023 G Street, NW, Suite 340, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nourmohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science &Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Room 3550, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Jerome Canady Research Institute for Advanced Biological and Technological Sciences, 6930 Carroll Avenue, 3rd floor Suite 300 Takoma Park, Maryland 20912, USA.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canady
authors.affiliation: Neurological Surgery, The George Washington University, Foggy Bottom South Pavilion, 22nd Street, NW, 7th Floor, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science &Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Room 3550, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keidar
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014364:Tryptophan; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003545:Cysteine