title: Anti-inflammatory Effect and Toxicology Analysis of Oral Delivery Quercetin Nanosized Emulsion in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the advantage of the quercetin encapsulation in nanosized emulsion (QU-NE) administered orally in rats in order to demonstrate its anti-oedematous and antioxidant effects as well as its toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The nanocarriers were prepared using the hot solvent diffusion with the phase inversion temperature methods. The nanocarriers physicochemical properties were then investigated. The anti-edematous activity was tested using paw edema in rats. In addition, NF-kB expression in subcutaneous tissue of the paws was accessed by immunohistochemistry while the lipid peroxidation was analyzed in the liver by malondialdehyde reaction with thiobarbituric acid. Hematological, renal and hepatic toxicity as well as the genetic damage were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that QU-NE exhibited pronounced anti-oedematous property comparable to drug diclofenac. This effect was associated with NF-κB pathway inhibition. The lipid peroxidation was also only reduced in rats treated with QU-NE. Besides this, no genetic damage, hematological, renal or hepatic toxicities were observed after administration of QU-NE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that quercetin nanosized emulsion exhibits anti-oedematous and antioxidant properties and does not demonstrate toxic effects. This indicates that it has a potential application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.|Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hädrich
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Richter
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maidana
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jadel Muller
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Bloco K, sala 107, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gecioni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loch-Neckel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, 38025-350,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniely Cornélio
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Favarin
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, 38025-350,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre de Paula
authors.initials: Ade P
authors.lastname: Rogerio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.|Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Manoel Rodrigues
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.|Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luiza
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Muccillo-Baisch
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900,, Brazil. cristianadora@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristiana Lima
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dora
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: anti-oedematous activity; antioxidant; inflammation; lipid nanocarriers; quercetin; toxicity