title: Time-dependent evolution of functional vs. remodeling signaling in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and induced maturation with biomechanical stimulation.
abstract: Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a powerful platform for uncovering disease mechanisms and assessing drugs for efficacy/toxicity. However, the accuracy with which hiPSC-CMs recapitulate the contractile and remodeling signaling of adult cardiomyocytes is not fully known. We used β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling as a prototype to determine the evolution of signaling component expression and function during hiPSC-CM maturation. In "early" hiPSC-CMs (less than or equal to d 30), β2-ARs are a primary source of cAMP/PKA signaling. With longer culture, β1-AR signaling increases: from 0% of cAMP generation at d 30 to 56.8 ± 6.6% by d 60. PKA signaling shows a similar increase: 15.7 ± 5.2% (d 30), 49.8 ± 0.5% (d 60), and 71.0 ± 6.1% (d 90). cAMP generation increases 9-fold from d 30 to 60, with enhanced coupling to remodeling pathways (e.g., Akt and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II) and development of caveolin-mediated signaling compartmentalization. By contrast, cardiotoxicity induced by chronic β-AR stimulation, a major component of heart failure, develops much later: 5% cell death at d 30vs 55% at d 90. Moreover, β-AR maturation can be accelerated by biomechanical stimulation. The differential maturation of β-AR functionalvs remodeling signaling in hiPSC-CMs has important implications for their use in disease modeling and drug testing. We propose that assessment of signaling be added to the indices of phenotypic maturation of hiPSC-CMs.-Jung, G., Fajardo, G., Ribeiro, A. J. S., Kooiker, K. B., Coronado, M., Zhao, M., Hu, D.-Q., Reddy, S., Kodo, K., Sriram, K., Insel, P. A., Wu, J. C., Pruitt, B. L., Bernstein, D. Time-dependent evolution of functionalvs remodeling signaling in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and induced maturation with biomechanical stimulation.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Gwanghyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fajardo
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina Bezold
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kooiker
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coronado
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Dong-Qing
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodo
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Insel
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Beth L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pruitt
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA danb@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002118:Calcium
keywords: cardiotoxicity testing; cell signaling maturation; β-adrenergic receptor