title: Antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates in Jabalpur, a city of Madhya Pradesh in Central India.
abstract: In this study, we present antifungal susceptibility data of clinical and environmental isolates of Central Indian Cryptococcus neoformans (Serotype A, n = 8 and n = 50 respectively) and Cryptococcus gattii (Serotype B, n = 01 and n = 04 respectively). Susceptibilities to fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole were determined by using NCCLS broth micro-dilution methodology. The total number of resistant strains for fluconazole in case of C. neoformans and C. gattii showed a significant difference by using chi-square test (p < 0.05*), while considering fisher's exact p value was nonsignificant (p > 0.05). However, the total number of resistant strains for itraconazole and ketoconazole was not found statistically significant. A comparison of geometric means of clinical and environmental strains of C. gattii and C. neoformans was not found statistically significant using student 't' test (p value > 0.05 NS). Though less, the antifungal data obtained in this study suggests that primary resistance among environmental and clinical isolates of C. neoformans and C. gattii against tested antifungal was present and C. gattii comparatively was less susceptible than C. neoformans var. grubii isolates to fluconazole than to itraconazole and ketoconazole. A continuous surveillance of antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental isolates of C. neoformans and C. gattii is desirable to monitor the emergence of any resistant strains for better management of cryptococcosis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi Sethi
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gutch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shesh Rao
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nawange
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shankar Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ruchika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gumasta
authors.affiliation: National Institute For Research In Tribal Health, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavishwar
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D056285:Cryptococcus gattii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D015725:Fluconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole