title: Prospective rates of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury by young people with bipolar disorder participating in a psychotherapy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bipolar disorder is a chronic relapsing disorder associated with high rates of suicide, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury. The study aimed to prospectively identify the rates of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in young people participating in an adjunctive randomised controlled psychotherapy for bipolar disorder and to identify differences in individuals who engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury, made suicide attempts or did both.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 100 participants aged 15-36 years with bipolar disorder received 78 weeks of psychotherapy and were followed up for a further 78 weeks. Data were collected using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Suicide attempts reduced from 11% at baseline to 1% at the end of follow-up (week 156). Similarly, self-harm reduced from 15% at baseline to 7% at the end of follow-up. Individuals who engaged in both nonsuicidal self-injury and made suicide attempts differed from those with who only made suicide attempts, engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury or did neither. They were characterised by a younger age of illness onset and higher comorbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive intensive psychotherapy may be effective in reducing suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury and warrants further attention. Particular attention needs to be paid to individuals with early age of onset of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand maree.inder@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Maree L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Inder
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Marie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Luty
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Janet D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011613:Psychotherapy; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Suicide; bipolar disorder; interpersonal social rhythm therapy; nonsuicidal self-injury; psychotherapy; self-harm; suicide attempts; young people