title: Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Promote Wound Healing through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAP Kinases) Signaling Pathway in Keratinocytes.
abstract: Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are secondary metabolites found in diverse marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms. Evidence suggests that MAAs have several beneficial effects on skin homeostasis such as protection against UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, MAAs are also involved in the modulation of skin fibroblasts proliferation. However, the regulatory function of MAAs on wound repair in human skin is not yet clearly elucidated. To investigate the roles of MAAs on the wound healing process in human keratinocytes, three MAAs, Shinorine (SH), Mycosporine-glycine (M-Gly), and Porphyra (P334) were purified from Chlamydomonas hedlyei and Porphyra yezoensis. We found that SH, M-Gly, and P334 have significant effects on the wound healing process in human keratinocytes and these effects were mediated by activation of focal adhesion kinases (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). These results suggest that MAAs accelerate wound repair by activating the FAK-MAPK signaling pathways. This study also indicates that MAAs can act as a new wound healing agent and further suggests that MAAs might be a novel biomaterial for wound healing therapies.
authors.affiliation: Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD & C Co. Ltd., Incheon 406-840, Korea. imyunhee@gmail.com.|Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea. imyunhee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology and Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea. ydj1991@yonsei.ac.kr.|Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea. ydj1991@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong Joo
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD & C Co. Ltd., Incheon 406-840, Korea. atulkin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD & C Co. Ltd., Incheon 406-840, Korea. shmoh@biofdnc.com.
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moh
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology and Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea. kiwoo@yonsei.ac.kr.|Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea. kiwoo@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000378:metabolism; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003512:Cyclohexanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003514:Cyclohexylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D044664:Porphyra / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D003514:Cyclohexylamines; C463482:mycosporine-2-glycine; C421025:porphyra-334; C494891:shinorine; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs); c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK); extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK); mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases; wound healing