title: Ultrasound-Derived Abdominal Muscle Thickness Better Detects Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Obese Patients than Skeletal Muscle Index Measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry.
abstract: Sarcopenia has never been diagnosed based on site-specific muscle loss, and little is known about the relationship between site-specific muscle loss and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. To this end, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between site-specific muscle size and MetS risk factors. Subjects were 38 obese men and women aged 40-82 years. Total body fat and lean body mass were assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Muscle thickness (MTH) was measured using B-mode ultrasound scanning in six body regions. Subjects were classified into general obesity (GO) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) groups using the threshold values of one standard deviation below the sex-specific means of either MTH or skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured by DXA. MetS risk score was acquired by standardizing and summing the following continuously distributed variables: visceral fat area, mean blood pressure, HbA1c, and serum triglyceride / high density lipoprotein cholesterol, to obtain the Z-score. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the MetS risk score was independently associated with abdominal MTH in all subjects, but not with MTH in other muscle regions, including the thigh. Although HbA1c and the number of MetS risk factors in the SO group were significantly higher than those in the GO group, there were no significant differences between GO and SO groups as defined by SMI. Ultrasound-derived abdominal MTH would allow a better assessment of sarcopenia in obese patients and can be used as an alternative to the conventionally-used SMI measured by DXA.
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ido
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iemitsu
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satoh-Asahara
authors.affiliation: College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanada
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*