title: Validation of the modified Parenting Strategies for Eating and Physical Activity Scale-Diet (PEAS-Diet) in Latino children.
abstract: Research shows that Latino parenting practices influence children's dietary and weight outcomes. Most studies use parent-reported data, however data from children may provide additional insight into how parents influence their children's diet and weight outcomes. The Parenting Strategies for Eating and Activity Scale (PEAS) has been validated in Latino adults, but not in children. This study evaluated the factor structure and concurrent and predictive validity of a modified version of the PEAS (PEAS-Diet) among Latino children. Data were collected from 361 children ages 7-13 from Imperial County, California, enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to promote healthy eating. The PEAS-Diet included 25 candidate items targeting six parenting practices pertaining to children's eating behaviors: (a) monitoring; (b) disciplining; (c) control; (d) permissiveness; (e) reinforcing; and (f) limit-setting. Children were on average ten years old (±2), 50% boys, 93% self-identified as Latino, 81% were US-born, and 55% completed English versus Spanish-language interviews. Using varimax rotation on baseline data with the total sample, six items were removed due to factor loadings <.40 and/or cross-loading (>.32 on more than one component). Parallel analysis and interpretability suggested a 5-factor solution explaining 59.46% of the variance. The subscale "limit-setting" was removed from the scale. The final scale consisted of 19 items and 5 subscales. Internal consistency of the subscales ranged from α = .63-.82. Confirmatory factor analyses provided additional evidence for the 5-factor scale using data collected 4 and 6 months post-baseline among the control group (n = 164, n = 161, respectively). Concurrent validity with dietary intake was established for monitoring, control, permissiveness, and reinforcing subscales in the expected directions. Predictive validity was not established. Results indicated that with the reported changes, the interview-administered PEAS-Diet is valid among Latino children aged 7-13 years.
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University (SDSU), University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health (Health Behavior), SDSU: 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; UCSD: 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. Electronic address: sandra.soto@mail.sdsu.edu.
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
authors.forename: Elva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Arredondo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; San Diego State University, College of Health and Human Services, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
authors.forename: Guadalupe X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Ayala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Children; Eating; Factor analysis; Latinos; Parental strategies; Parenting behaviors