title: Intermuscular adipose tissue is associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, independent of visceral adipose tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emerging evidence suggests that intermuscular adipose tissue is a risk factor for insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. We investigated whether the levels of leptin, adiponectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with intermuscular adipose tissue in obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed on 77 obese Korean women. Areas of visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intermuscular adipose tissue were measured by computed tomography scan, and serum concentrations of adipokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Correlation between the levels of adipokines and the fat areas was assessed using Pearson correlation and covariate-adjusted multivariable regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin was positively correlated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (r=0.452, P<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.403, P<0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.360, P=0.001), whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was positively correlated with intermuscular adipose tissue (r=0.483, P<0.001). After adjustment for age, height, and other body composition metrics, leptin was still related to subcutaneous adipose tissue (β=0.390, P=0.001). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was associated with intermuscular adipose tissue (β=0.433, P=0.001) after adjustment for visceral adipose tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermuscular adipose tissue was correlated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, suggesting its role in the development of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Haam
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, 268, Buljeong-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Juhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haam
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Kyoung
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Yuk
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Chae
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kye-Seon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Electronic address: mjkimfm@cha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Moon Jong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Adiponectin; Intermuscular adipose tissue; Leptin; MCP-1; Obesity