title: Comparative analysis of blood and saliva expression profiles in chronic and refractory periodontitis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to identify characteristic representative genes through a comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in the blood and saliva of chronic periodontitis (CP) and refractory periodontitis (RP) patients to provide new treatment strategies that may be helpful in the treatment of different forms of periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  GSE43525 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. In the dataset, thirteen samples were from blood including 4 controls, 4 CP and 5 RP samples, and ten samples were from saliva including 3 controls, 4 CP and 3 RP samples. After comparing the CP and RP samples, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two types of periodontitis in the blood and saliva samples were identified by an LIMMA package. Then, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID and KOBAS, respectively. The significantly associated miRNAs in CP and RP were searched by WebGestalt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 213 DEGs in CP and 45 DEGs in RP were identified. Functional enrichment showed that the DEGs of CP were mainly enriched in ribosome and regulation of apoptosis-related pathways in blood as well as saliva, while the DEGs of RP were significantly enriched in immune responses and response to organic substance-related pathways. Several miRNAs, such as miR-381 and miR-494, were identified as being closely associated with CP. In addition, CD24, EST1, MTSS1, ING3, CCND2 and SYNE2 might be potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of CP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identified DEGs and miRNAs might be potential targets for the treatment of chronic and refractory periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China. 5312036@qq.com.|Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China. 5312036@qq.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China. 275162562@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China. honghehhe@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs