title: Extended field-of-view and increased-signal 3D holographic illumination with time-division multiplexing.
abstract: Phase spatial light modulators (SLMs) are widely used for generating multifocal three-dimensional (3D) illumination patterns, but these are limited to a field of view constrained by the pixel count or size of the SLM. Further, with two-photon SLM-based excitation, increasing the number of focal spots penalizes the total signal linearly--requiring more laser power than is available or can be tolerated by the sample. Here we analyze and demonstrate a method of using galvanometer mirrors to time-sequentially reposition multiple 3D holograms, both extending the field of view and increasing the total time-averaged two-photon signal. We apply our approach to 3D two-photon in vivo neuronal calcium imaging.
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kauvar
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Andalman
authors.forename: Noah P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Christina K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Marshel
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wetzstein
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deisseroth
mesh_terms: D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D009907:Optometry / Q000379:methods*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods