title: Synergistic Use of Geniposide and Ginsenoside Rg1 Balance Microglial TNF-α and TGF-β1 following Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation In Vitro: A Genome-Wide Survey.
abstract: Ischemia-activated microglia are like a double-edged sword, characterized by both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to reveal the synergistic effect of geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1 based on tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1 balance of microglia. BV2 microglial cells were divided into 5 groups: control, model (oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)), geniposide-treated, ginsenoside-Rg1-treated, and combination-treated. A series of assays were used to detect on (i) cell viability; (ii) NO content; (iii) expression (content) of TNF-α and TGF-β1; and (iv) gene expression profiles. The results showed that integrated use of geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1 significantly inhibited NO level and protected cell viability, improved the content and expression of TGF-β1, and reduced the content and expression of TNF-α. Separated use of geniposide or ginsenoside Rg1 showed different effects at different emphases. Next-generation sequencing showed that Fcγ-receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway played a key regulatory role in the balance of TNF-α and TGF-β1 when cotreated with geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. These findings suggest that synergistic drug combination of geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1 in the treatment of stroke is a feasible avenue for the application.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Dong Zhi Men Nei Nan Xiao Jie, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 1 Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Jincai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Dong Zhi Men Nei Nan Xiao Jie, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 1 Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Jianxun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu