title: Highly sensitive on-site detection of drugs adulterated in botanical dietary supplements using thin layer chromatography combined with dynamic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: The phenomenon of botanical dietary supplements (BDS) doped with illegal adulterants has become a serious problem all over the world, which could cause great threat to human's health. Therefore, it is of great value to identify BDS. Herein, we put forward a highly sensitive method for on-site detection of antitussive and antiasthmatic drugs adulterated in BDS using thin layer chromatography (TLC) combined with dynamic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (DSERS). Adulterants in BDS were separated on a TLC plate and located under UV illumination. Then DSERS detection was performed using a portable Raman spectrometer with 50% glycerol silver colloid serving as DSERS active substrate. Here, the effects of different solvents on detection efficacy were evaluated using phenformin hydrochloride (PHE) as a probe. It was shown that 50% glycerol resulted in higher SERS enhancement and relatively higher stability. Moreover, practical application of this novel TLC-DSERS method was demonstrated with rapid analysis of real BDS samples and one sample adulterated with benproperine phosphate (BEN) was found. Furthermore, the obtained result was verified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The sensitivity of the TLC-DSERS technique is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of TLC-SERS technique. The results turned out that this combined method would have good prospects for on-site and sensitive detection of adulterated BDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Yunpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, China. Electronic address: fenglufeng@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Liangbao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods*; D058110:Counterfeit Drugs / Q000737:chemistry*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D058110:Counterfeit Drugs; D012997:Solvents; D012834:Silver
keywords: Adulterants; Botanical dietary supplement; Dynamic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Glycerol; Thin layer chromatography