title: Human parainfluenza virus type 2 V protein inhibits and antagonizes tetherin.
abstract: Tetherin (BST-2/CD317/HM1.24) is an antiviral membrane protein that prevents the release of enveloped viruses from the cell surface. We found that the growth of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2), but not that of V protein-deficient recombinant hPIV-2, was inhibited by tetherin. V protein immunoprecipitates with tetherin, and this interaction requires its C-terminal Trp residues. The glycosyl phosphatidylinositol attachment signal of tetherin, but not its cytoplasmic tail, was necessary for its binding with V. The distribution of the V protein clearly changed when co-expressed with tetherin in plasmid-transfected cells. hPIV-2 infection of HeLa cells reduced cell surface tetherin without affecting total cellular tetherin. This reduction also occurred in HeLa cells constitutively expressing V, whereas mutated V protein did not affect the cell surface tetherin. Our results suggest that hPIV-2 V protein antagonizes tetherin by binding it and reducing its presence at the cell surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yumine
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003440:Croup / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D010223:Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C068854:V protein, human parainfluenza virus type 1