title: The Built Food Environment and Dietary Intake among African-American Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The built food environment surrounding people's homes may influence their dietary intake. This exploratory study examined how the density of different sources of food in the residential environment was associated with dietary consumption among 77 African-American adults in Houston, Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of fast-food-type restaurants, large grocery stores, and convenience-type stores within 2- and 5-mile residential buffers were divided by the respective areas to obtain food environment density variables. Intake of fruit and vegetables [FV], fiber [FI], and percent energy from fat [PEF] was assessed using National Health Interview Survey items. Covariate-adjusted regressions were used to assess relations of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater density of fast-food-type restaurants within 2 miles was associated with greater FV, FI, and PEF (ps ≤ .012); and for FV and FI within 5 miles (ps ≤ .004). Density of large grocery stores was unrelated to intake. Greater density of convenience-type stores within 2 miles was negatively associated with FV and FI (ps ≤ .03); results became marginal at 5 miles for FV (p = .10) but not FI (p = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maximizing healthy offerings in venue-rich metropolitan areas might provide direction for policies to reduce obesity.
authors.affiliation: The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, Houston, TX, USA Lrreitzel@central.uh.edu.
authors.forename: Lorraine R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Reitzel
authors.affiliation: The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: The University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daphne C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: All Points Consulting, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Seann D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Disparities Research, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lorna H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.affiliation: The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ezemenari M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Obasi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology*; D004777:Environment; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012147:Restaurants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013781:Texas; D014675:Vegetables