title: Improved relationships in eastern Kenya from water interventions and access to water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Global health interventions focus on providing solutions to unaddressed public health issues in low- and middle-income countries. Providing nearby access to safe drinking water is a primary public health concern and a frequent public health intervention throughout sub-Saharan Africa; access to water eliminates long gathering and transport time and provides an individual with more personal time. Previous research has not reviewed the aspect of time and relationship changes after implemented water interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative phenomenological approach used 52 semistructured interviews to examine relationship experiences among primary water gatherers and their families after receiving nearby access to water. This study took place throughout the historically semiarid eastern region in Kitui, Kenya, where community members have been beneficiaries of various water interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the water intervention, family members experienced difficulties with irregular meal times and food availability, infrequent family conversations, irritation with lack of bathing and cleanliness, and general discontent without the availability of 1 able-bodied family member. Participants' experiences after implemented water interventions revealed enhanced relationships within household family units; additional personal time was gained and used to rebuild relationships. The newly established relationships included constructive discussions and conversations built around understanding and developing solutions to address economic or individual challenges encountered by the family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study's findings suggest that relationships significantly improved after households receive access to nearby water. Furthermore, this research provides evidence of an increased need for access to quality water for communities throughout the world to positively contribute to constructive family relationships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, North Dakota State University.
authors.forename: Tara Rava
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Zolnikov
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, North Dakota State University.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blodgett Salafia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011634:Public Health; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014881:Water Supply; D055815:Young Adult