title: Clinical features and visual outcomes of scleritis patients presented to tertiary care eye centers in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features, systemic associations, treatment and visual outcomes in Saudi patients with scleritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed for patients with scleritis presenting to two tertiary care eye hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2001 to 2011. Data were collected on the clinical features of scleritis, subtypes of scleritis, associated systemic disease, history of previous ocular surgery and medical therapy, including the use of immunosuppressants. Treatment outcomes were evaluated based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and response to treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 52 patients included in the study, non-necrotizing anterior scleritis was the most common type of scleritis in 22 patients (42.3%), followed by posterior scleritis in 14 patients (26.9%). The majority of cases, 31 patients (59.6%), were idiopathic in nature. Systemic associations were present in 12 patients (23.1%). Infectious scleritis was confirmed in 6 patients (11.5%): 3 with bacterial scleritis after pterygium excision, 2 patients with scleritis related to tuberculosis and 1 patient with scleritis resulting from herpes simplex infection. For the various subtypes of scleritis, BCVA values after treatment and time to remission significantly differed (P<0.05, all cases). Systemic immunosuppressive therapies in addition to steroids were administered to 46.2% of all patients. The T-sign was present on B-scan ultrasonography in 9 (64.3%) of the 14 posterior scleritis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-necrotizing anterior scleritis was the most common subtype of scleritis. Final visual outcome and time to remission differed among the various scleritis subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Anterior Segment Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Barqi
authors.affiliation: Anterior Segment Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia ; Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alfawaz
keywords: autoimmune; episcleritis; immunosuppressive therapy; necrotizing; scleritis; scleromalacia