title: Evolution and molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever virus during a multi-annual outbreak amongst European wild boar.
abstract: Classical swine fever is a viral disease of pigs that carries tremendous socio-economic impact. In outbreak situations, genetic typing is carried out for the purpose of molecular epidemiology in both domestic pigs and wild boar. These analyses are usually based on harmonized partial sequences. However, for high-resolution analyses towards the understanding of genetic variability and virus evolution, full-genome sequences are more appropriate. In this study, a unique set of representative virus strains was investigated that was collected during an outbreak in French free-ranging wild boar in the Vosges-du-Nord mountains between 2003 and 2007. Comparative sequence and evolutionary analyses of the nearly full-length sequences showed only slow evolution of classical swine fever virus strains over the years and no impact of vaccination on mutation rates. However, substitution rates varied amongst protein genes; furthermore, a spatial and temporal pattern could be observed whereby two separate clusters were formed that coincided with physical barriers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Goller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.affiliation: Anses Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Immunology and Virology Unit, Zoopole Les Croix, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: Mireille Le
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dimna
authors.affiliation: Anses Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Immunology and Virology Unit, Zoopole Les Croix, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Frédérique Le
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Potier
authors.affiliation: Wildlife and Hunting Agency, Wildlife Diseases Unit, Micropolis, la Bérardie Belle Aureille, 05000 Gap, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staubach
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merboth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blome
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006691:Classical Swine Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006692:Classical Swine Fever Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005838:Genotype; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine