title: Tailor the Functionalities of Metasurfaces Based on a Complete Phase Diagram.
abstract: Metasurfaces in a metal-insulator-metal configuration have been widely used in photonics, with applications ranging from perfect absorption to phase modulation, but why and when such structures can realize what functionalities are not yet fully understood. Here, we establish a complete phase diagram in which the optical properties of such systems are fully controlled by two simple parameters (i.e., the intrinsic and radiation losses), which are, in turn, dictated by the geometrical or material properties of the underlying structures. Such a phase diagram can greatly facilitate the design of appropriate metasurfaces with tailored functionalities demonstrated by our experiments and simulations in the terahertz regime. In particular, our experiments show that, through appropriate structural or material tuning, the device can be switched across the phase boundaries yielding dramatic changes in optical responses. Our discoveries lay a solid basis for realizing functional and tunable photonic devices with such structures.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Che
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiaming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ziqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photonics and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou