title: Personality and Psychological Aspects of Cosmetic Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, cosmetic surgery in Iran, which is provided almost entirely by the private sector, has gained popularity despite evidence of its potential risks. In most cases, cosmetic surgeries are done to increase self-satisfaction and self-esteem, thus seeking cosmetic surgery potentially shows an individual's psychological profile. Current evidence needs studies on the psychological profile of Asian cosmetic surgery patients. The present study investigates psychological profile and personality traits of people seeking cosmetic surgery in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present prospective observational study was conducted with a sample of 274 randomly selected persons seeking cosmetic surgery (rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, face/jaw implant, mammoplasty, and liposuction). All participants completed the validated and reliable the Global Severity Index (GSI)-Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)-and the short Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence rate of psychiatric problems based on the GSI cut-off point (>63) of SCL-90-R was about 51 %, and interpersonal sensitivity and psychosis were the highest and lowest endorsed syndromes among the subjects, respectively. Openness had the lowest mean score; agreeableness and extroversion had the highest mean.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study shows that understanding and psychological evaluation prior to surgery is necessary and screening can reduce the number of unnecessary surgeries and may enhance satisfaction with surgical results.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanobar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golshani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toubaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Farnia
authors.affiliation: College for Interdisciplinary Studies, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Amir Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sepehry
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. m.alikhani18@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alikhani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body dimorphic disorder; Cosmetic surgery; Personality disorder; Personality traits; Somatization