title: An international comparison of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A collaborative study of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) and Japan Cardiovascular Database-Keio interhospital Cardiovascular Studies (JCD-KiCS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Details on Japanese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and how they compare to US patients remain unclear. Furthermore, the application of US risk models has not been evaluated internationally.
  
  
  METHODS
  The JCD-KiCS, a multicenter registry of consecutive PCI patients, was launched in 2008, with variables defined in accordance with the US NCDR. Patient and procedural characteristics from patients enrolled from 2008 to 2010 in the JCD-KiCS database (n = 9,941) and those in the NCDR (n = 732,345) were compared. The primary outcomes of this analysis were the hospital-level all-cause mortality and bleeding complications. The NCDR risk models for these 2 outcomes were evaluated in the Japanese data set; from the expected mortality and bleeding rates, the observed/expected ratios were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Japanese patients were older, with a higher proportion of men, diabetes, and smoking than the US patients. The Japanese patients also had a higher rate of complex lesions (26.1 vs 12.7% for bifurcation and 6.2% vs 3.2% for chronic total occlusions, all P < .001), longer procedure time (29.7 ± 21.5 vs 14.4 ± 11.5 minutes, P < .001), and higher mortality (1.6% vs 0.9%, P < .001) and bleeding rates (2.9% vs 1.8%, P < .001) compared with US patients. The observed/expected ratios for mortality and bleeding were 0.921 and 0.467, respectively, in Japanese patients, and 1.002 and 0.981, respectively, for US patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The characteristics of patients undergoing PCI in clinical practice in Japan and the US differ substantially. The NCDR risk models applied well in Japanese patients for prediction of mortality, but not for bleeding, which tended to underestimate the risk.
authors.affiliation: Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kohsaka@cpnet.med.keio.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; The Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Masoudi
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.affiliation: Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; The Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rumsfeld
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology