title: The Role of Radiosurgery in the Management of Benign Head and Neck Tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Head and neck tumors are a heterogeneous group and often invade the skull base. Various radiation techniques can be used for these tumors when surgery is unavailable. This study investigated the indications for gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in benign head and neck tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven lesions in 35 patients were treated with GKRS for schwannoma, juvenile nasal angiofibroma, choroidal hemangioma, and pleomorphic adenoma. The median follow-up period was 43.0 months (range, 12.2-174.1 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor control was achieved in 35 of 37 lesions (94.6%) at last follow-up after GKRS. Thirty-four lesions (91.9%) decreased, 1 lesion (2.7%) remained stable, and 2 lesions (5.4%) increased in size. Clinically, 15 cases (40.5%) showed improvement, 17 cases (45.9%) were stable, 1 case (2.7%) experienced deterioration, and 4 cases (10.8%) developed new symptoms. Four of the 5 cases that exhibited deterioration or new symptoms improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GKRS is a reasonable alternative to surgery that can effectively control tumor growth and preserve functions of the head and neck in primary, residual, or recurrent benign head and neck tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hun Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ki
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Gamma Knife Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Gamma Knife Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Sang
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Gamma Knife Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Gou
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Gamma Knife Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea; Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: changjh@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Jong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D008949:Adenoma, Pleomorphic / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000601:surgery; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000528:radiation effects*
keywords: Benign tumors; Extracranial extension; Gamma knife radiosurgery; Head and neck; Stereotactic radiosurgery