title: Screening of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) α, γ and α Gene Polymorphisms for Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Association in the Multi-Ethnic Malaysian Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) genes PPARα L162V, PPARγ2 C161T and PPARδ T294C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with obesity and metabolic syndrome (Met-S) in a multi-ethnic population in Kampar, Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Socio-demographic data, anthropometric and biochemical measurements (plasma lipid profile, adiponectin and interleukin-6 [IL-6] levels) were taken from 307 participants (124 males; 180 obese; 249 Met-S; 97 Malays, 85 ethnic Chinese, 55 ethnic Indians).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall minor allele frequencies were .08, .22 and .30 for PPAR α L162V, γ C161T, δ T294C, respectively. All SNPs were not associated with obesity, Met-S and obesity with/without Met-S by χ(2) analysis, ethnicity-stratified and logistic regression analyses. Nevertheless, participants with V162 allele of PPARα had significantly higher IL-6, while those with T161 allele of PPARγ2 had significantly lower HOMA-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All PPAR SNPs were not associated with obesity and Met-S in the suburban population of Kampar, Malaysia, where only PPARα V162 and PPARγ2 T161 alleles were associated with plasma IL-6 and HOMA-IR, respectively.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Science and Engineering, Centre for Foundation Studies, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Perak Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Phee-Phee
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Perak Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sook-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Perak Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yee-How
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Say
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
keywords: Malaysia; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism