title: Maternal and Child Health in Mongolia at 3 Years After Childbirth: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years Mongolia has made great advances towards Millennium Development Goals to reduce maternal and child mortality, however few studies have investigated maternal and child health status several years after childbirth. Our study aims to describe priority health issues in maternal and child health in Mongolia 3 years after childbirth, and key areas requiring further health policy development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Bulgan province, Mongolia. Participants were women who gave birth in 2010 and lived in Bulgan in 2013, and their children who were almost 3 years of age. Data was collected using structured interviews, self-administered questionnaires, transcribed records from the Maternal and Child Health Handbook, anthropometric measurements, and a developmental assessment tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data was obtained from 1,019 women and 1,013 children (recovery rate: 94.1 %). Among women, 171 (17.2 %) were obese and had an average body mass index (BMI) of 25.7, 40 (4.4 %) experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) and 356 (36.2 %) reported urinary incontinence in the past month. Among children, 110 (10.8 %) were assessed as at risk of developmental delay, 131 (13.1 %) were overweight or obese, burns accounted for the highest number of serious accidents at 173 (17.0 %) while lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) were the most frequent cause of pediatric hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  for Practice Further development in health policy is required in Mongolia to target the significant health challenges of obesity, IPV, and urinary incontinence in women, and obesity, development delay, burns, and LRTIs in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. takehara-k@ncchd.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.|Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Amarjargal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagvadorj
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hikita
authors.affiliation: Health Agency, 14-1-1 Bulgan Soum, Bulgan, Mongolia.|School of Public Health, Medical Science University, Choidog Street-3, Ulaanbaatar, 210648, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Narantuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sumya
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Medical Science University, Choidog Street-3, Ulaanbaatar, 210648, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Solongo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganhuyag
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Medical Science University, Choidog Street-3, Ulaanbaatar, 210648, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Bayasgalantai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bavuusuren
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haruna
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Support Technology (Molten), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors.forename: Rintaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D000067576:Child Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D046688:Child Mortality; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D000068104:Infant Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000068097:Maternal Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008986:Mongolia / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Health policy; Maternal and child health; Mongolia; Obesity; Population-based study