title: Enlarged lateral ventricles inversely correlate with reduced corpus callosum central volume in first episode schizophrenia: association with functional measures.
abstract: The lateral and third ventricles, as well as the corpus callosum (CC), are known to be affected in schizophrenia. Here we investigate whether abnormalities in the lateral ventricles (LVs), third ventricle, and corpus callosum are related to one another in first episode schizophrenia (FESZ), and whether such abnormalities show progression over time. Nineteen FESZ and 19 age- and handedness-matched controls were included in the study. MR images were acquired on a 3-Tesla MRI at baseline and ~1.2 years later. FreeSurfer v.5.3 was employed for segmentation. Two-way or univariate ANCOVAs were used for statistical analysis, where the covariate was intracranial volume. Group and gender were included as between-subjects factors. Percent volume changes between baseline and follow-up were used to determine volume changes at follow-up. Bilateral LV and third ventricle volumes were significantly increased, while central CC volume was significantly decreased in patients compared to controls at baseline and at follow-up. In FESZ, the bilateral LV volume was also inversely correlated with volume of the central CC. This inverse correlation was not present in controls. In FESZ, an inverse correlation was found between percent volume increase from baseline to follow-up for bilateral LVs and lesser improvement in the Global Assessment of Functioning score. Significant correlations were observed for abnormalities of central CC, LVs and third ventricle volumes in FESZ, suggesting a common neurodevelopmental origin in schizophrenia. Enlargement of ventricles was associated with less improvement in global functioning over time.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA. elisabetta_delre@hms.harvard.edu.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. elisabetta_delre@hms.harvard.edu.|Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. elisabetta_delre@hms.harvard.edu.|VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA. elisabetta_delre@hms.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Elisabetta C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Del Re
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouix
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriëlla A M
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Blokland
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Raquelle I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Mesholam-Gately
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Boston, MA, USA.|Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubicki
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pasternak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petryshen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayasu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niznikiewicz
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA.|Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shenton
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McCarley
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Corpus callosum; FreeSurfer; Multi-atlas brain masking; Neurodevelopment; Schizophrenia; Ventricles