title: Cognition Enhancing and Neuromodulatory Propensity of Bacopa monniera Extract Against Scopolamine Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rat Hippocampus.
abstract: Cognition-enhancing activity of Bacopa monniera extract (BME) was evaluated against scopolamine-induced amnesic rats by novel object recognition test (NOR), elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Scopolamine (2 mg/kg body wt, i.p.) was used to induce amnesia in rats. Piracetam (200 mg/kg body wt, i.p.) was used as positive control. BME at three different dosages (i.e., 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body wt.) improved the impairment induced by scopolamine by increasing the discrimination index of NOR and by decreasing the transfer latency of EPM and escape latency of MWM tests. Our results further elucidate that BME administration has normalized the neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, glutamate, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine) levels that were altered by scopolamine administration in hippocampus of rat brain. BME administration also ameliorated scopolamine effect by down-regulating AChE and up-regulating BDNF, muscarinic M1 receptor and CREB expression in brain hippocampus confirms the potent neuroprotective role and these results are in corroboration with the earlier in vitro studies. BME administration showed significant protection against scopolamine-induced toxicity by restoring the levels of antioxidant and lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that, cognition-enhancing and neuromodulatory propensity of BME is through modulating the expression of AChE, BDNF, MUS-1, CREB and also by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rat brain.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pandareesh
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India. ananddfrl@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India.
authors.forename: Farhath
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khanum
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D034681:Bacopa / Q000737:chemistry*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012601:Scopolamine
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D012601:Scopolamine; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Antioxidant enzymes; Bacopa monniera; Neurotransmitters; Scopolamine