title: The chronic effects of lignin-derived bisphenol and bisphenol A in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes.
abstract: One of the ultimate goals of green chemistry is to produce greener and more environmentally friendly chemicals to replace the existing toxic chemicals. In this study, Japanese medaka were exposed to 1.5mg/L of bisphenol A or lignin-derived bisphenol for 60 days, and the expressions of various biochemical markers, effects on reproduction, and histopathology were evaluated. The results showed that concentrations of liver vitellogenin of LD-BP exposed males were approximately 125% higher compared to the control males. Total number of eggs from the BPA and LD-BP exposed fish was approximately 47% (p<0.001) and 25% (p<0.05) less than the control fish, respectively. Total number of brood was lower from the BPA (46%, p<0.05) and LD-BP (17%, p<0.05) exposed fish than that of the control fish. Relative to the control fish, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were significantly affected by the two chemicals in all tested tissues. BPA and LD-BP caused lipid peroxidation in all the tested tissues. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase activity were significantly inhibited. Histopathological analysis showed that both the testis and ovary were mildly damaged by both chemicals. LD-BP affected medaka slightly more severe than BPA except on the reproduction, which was most likely due to different uptake, translocation, binding to targets and metabolism. Our results demonstrated that chronic exposure to both chemicals caused several adverse effects to medaka. Further research on the toxicity of LD-BP to other aquatic organisms is needed before substitution of traditional BPA with LD-BP can be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Hongxing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Section of Environmental Chemistry and Physics, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cedergreen
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China. Electronic address: xielt@iae.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lingtian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007564:Japan; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009990:Oryzias / Q000502:physiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002374:Catalase; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D010636:Phenols; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Histopathology; Japanese medaka; Lignin-derived bisphenol (LD-BP); Reproduction; Vitellogenin