title: Characterization of quinolone resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae recovered from diseased companion animals in Europe.
abstract: ComPath is a European monitoring programme dedicated to the collection of bacterial pathogens from diseased dogs and cats to determine their antibiotic susceptibility. The objective was to characterize genetic determinants associated with quinolone resistance among 69 enrofloxacin non-wild type strains selected among 604 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 10EU countries from 2008 to 2010: quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Among them, 17% (12/69) carried at least one PMQR (9/12 qnrB, qnrS or qnrD and 4/12 aac(6')-Ib-cr) and 83% (57/69) no PMQR. All the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates chromosomally carried oqxAB . No qepA genes were detected. Eight strains did not carry any mutations in QRDR (4 PMQR-positive and 4 PMQR-negative strains). From the 12 PMQR-positive strains, 4 showed enrofloxacin MICs≤2μg/mL, and 8 MICs≥8μg/mL (resistant). These latter strains carried 1-5 mutations in QRDR, including a ParE I529L mutation. qnrD was found in 2 Proteus mirabilis and the plasmids were similar to pDIJ09-518a previously described. For the 57 non-PMQR strains, 29 strains showed MICs≤2μg/mL (4 with no QRDR mutations, 21 with 1 mutation in GyrA, 4 with 2 mutations in GyrA) and 28 showed enrofloxacin MICs≥8μg/mL carrying at least 2 mutations in QRDR, including a ParE I529L mutation for 2 Escherichia coli strains with a total of 5 QRDR mutations. No GyrB mutations were found. qnr was the major PMQR and qnrD was only detected in Proteus spp. Twelve strains carried at least 4 mutations.
authors.affiliation: CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, F-51092 Reims, France; UFR Médecine, EA 4687 ERA, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51092 Reims, France. Electronic address: tguillard@chu-reims.fr.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guillard
authors.affiliation: CEESA, B1150, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, F-51092 Reims, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limelette
authors.affiliation: UFR Médecine, EA 4687 ERA, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51092 Reims, France.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lebreil
authors.affiliation: CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, F-51092 Reims, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madoux
authors.affiliation: CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, F-51092 Reims, France; UFR Médecine, EA 4687 ERA, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51092 Reims, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Champs
authors.affiliation: CEESA, B1150, Brussels, Belgium.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004285:Dogs; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005060:Europe; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D057805:Pets; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015363:Quinolones
keywords: Cats; Dogs; Fluoroquinolones; Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance; Quinolone resistance determining region