title: Prior infection with influenza virus but not vaccination leaves a long-term immunological imprint that intensifies the protective efficacy of antigenically drifted vaccine strains.
abstract: The role of pre-existing immunity for influenza vaccine responses is of great importance for public health, and thus has been studied in various contexts, yet the impact of differential priming on vaccine responses in the midst of antigenic drift remains to be elucidated. To address this with antigenically related viruses, mice were first primed by either infection or immunization with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus, then immunized with whole-inactivated A/Fort Monmouth/1/47 (FM1) virus. The ensuing vaccine responses and the protective efficacy of FM1 were superior in PR8 infection-primed mice compared to PR8 immunization-primed or unprimed mice. Increased FM1-specific Ab responses of PR8 infection-primed mice also broadened cross-reactivity against contemporary as well as antigenically more drifted strains. Further, prior infection heightened the protective efficacy of antigenically distant strains, such as A/Brisbane/59/2006 infection followed by immunization with split pandemic H1N1 vaccine (A/California/07/2009). Therefore, influenza infection is a significant priming event that intensifies future vaccine responses against drift strains.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Jin Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liepkalns
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reber
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Nedzad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Music
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: joshy.jacob@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Joshy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: zao1@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Suryaprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sambhara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Antigenic drift; Infection; Influenza virus; Pandemic H1N1; Vaccine efficacy