title: Conduction disorders after tricuspid annuloplasty with mitral valve surgery: Implications for earlier tricuspid intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tricuspid valve repair has been recently advocated in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery who have mild to moderate secondary tricuspid regurgitation. However, the incidence of heart conduction disorders after combined mitral valve and tricuspid valve interventions has not been evaluated. We sought to analyze the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantations and heart conduction disorders in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery with and without tricuspid valve annuloplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2011 and 2012, among 201 consecutive patients referred to the Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou for isolated nonischemic mitral valve disease, 113 underwent an isolated mitral valve procedure (group 1) and 88 had a concomitant tricuspid valve ring annuloplasty (group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' mean age was 59.7 ± 16.5 years in group 1 and 60.7 ± 14.9 years in group 2 (P = .5). Mean crossclamp time and bypass time were 78 ± 35 minutes and 105 ± 47 minutes in group 1 and 92 ± 36 minutes and 128 ± 50 minutes in group 2, respectively (P = .001 and .005, respectively). Operative mortality was 3% (2.7% in group 1 and 3.2% in group 2, P = .4). Incidence of high-grade heart conduction disorders lasting more than 3 days postoperatively was 14.5% in group 1 and 41.2% in group 2 (P = .001). At 3 years, freedom from permanent pacemaker implantation was 99% ± 2% in group 1 and 94.1% ± 5% in group 2 (P = .02). For the entire cohort, longer crossclamp time (P = .02) and tricuspid ring annuloplasty (hazard ratio, 3.8; P = .001) were independent predictors of heart conduction disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The need for permanent pacemaker implantation is increased after concomitant tricuspid ring annuloplasty in the setting of mitral valve surgery. A clinical period of observation up to 14 days after postoperative heart conduction disorders should be observed before recommending permanent pacemaker placement.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Chirurgie Cardio-vasculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Electronic address: jouanjerome@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jouan
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Chirurgie Cardio-vasculaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Chirurgie Cardio-vasculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Florens
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chatellier
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Chirurgie Cardio-vasculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Chirurgie Cardio-vasculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achouh
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Chirurgie Cardio-vasculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Noël
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fabiani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D058385:Cardiac Valve Annuloplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D061646:Operative Time; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010297:Paris; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: conduction disorders; mitral valve surgery; tricuspid valve annuloplasty