title: Magnetoencephalographic Infraslow Activity: A Feasibility Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore if background infraslow activity (ISA) can be retrieved from archived magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings and its potential clinical relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archived recordings of 15 patients with epilepsy and 10 normal subjects were evaluated for MEG/EEG delta (0.5-3 Hz) and ISA (0.01-0.1 Hz). The data were obtained on a Neuromag/Elekta system with 204 planar gradiometers and 102 magnetometer sensors and also 60 EEG channels. To remove artifacts, all MEG files were temporal signal space separation filtered. The data were then analyzed with the BESA Research software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infraslow activity was present in all files for MEG and EEG. Good concordance between EEG and MEG ISA was seen with delta for laterality and with clinical features. Delta frequencies were always less than 2 Hz. During sleep, an inverse relationship between delta and ISA occurred. With increasing depth of sleep, delta activity increased while ISA decreased and vice versa. Intermittent higher amplitude transients, arising from background, were also seen but their nature is at present unknown. Clinically relevant ictal onset baseline shifts were likewise observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infraslow activity is a normal segment of the cerebral electromagnetic frequency spectrum. It follows physiologic rules and can be related to areas of pathology. This is in accord with previously published EEG observations and further studies of this segment of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum for its origin and changes in health and disease are indicated.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.; †Department of Physics, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.; ‡Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.; §Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.; ‖BESA GmbH, Graefelfing, Germany; and ¶Intermountain Neurosciences Institute, Murray, Utah, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ernst A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rodin
authors.forename: Samu J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Taulu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Funke
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bornfleth
authors.forename: Tawnya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Constantino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003700:Delta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies