title: Protein mutations following adaptation of avian influenza viruses in different biological systems.
abstract: Traditionally, embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) are considered the gold standard for Influenza virus isolation and vaccine production. Nowadays, different biological systems have been improved and performed, in order to evaluate a feasible alternative to ECE. In fact, in a previous study, mammalian and avian cell cultures were successfully used for avian influenza viruses primary isolation from target tissues and virus propagation. This research is focused on the investigation of adaptive mutations that occur after influenza A virus amplification in ECE and cell cultures. The results of the study shows that avian influenza viruses after multiple passages in different biological systems undergo mutations, in particular, the largest number of amino acid substitutions occurred in all biological substrates in the hemagglutinin.
authors.affiliation: Cell Culture Centre, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: tina.lombardo@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via dei Mercati 13/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiapponi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via dei Mercati 13/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baioni
authors.affiliation: Cell Culture Centre, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinotti
authors.affiliation: Cell Culture Centre, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014776:Virus Cultivation / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Avian influenza virus; Cell cultures; Embryonated chicken eggs; Protein mutations