title: Prediction of Early Arterial Recanalization and Tissue Fate in the Selection of Patients With the Greatest Potential to Benefit From Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective is to determine the performance of the combination of likelihood of arterial recanalization and tissue fate to predict functional clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, imaging, and outcome data were collected in 173 patients with acute ischemic stroke who presented within 4.5 hours from symptom onset, in the time window eligible for intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. Imaging data included Alberta Score Program Early Computed Tomographic Score (ASPECTS), site of occlusion, volume of ischemic core and penumbra, and recanalization. Outcome data consisted of modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. We classified patients based on their baseline imaging characteristics and treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (yes/no) according to 5 different hypothetical prognostic algorithms: (1) based on whether patients received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, (2) based on ASPECTS, (3) based on the site of occlusion, (4) based on volume of ischemic core and penumbra, and (5) based on a matrix of predicted recanalization and volume of ischemic core and penumbra. We compared the performance of such algorithms to predict good clinical outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at 90 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-four patients received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator; 49 did not. In the group that was treated, 46 (37%) had good outcome as opposed to 38.7% in the nontreated. The algorithm that combined the prediction of recanalization with the volume of ischemic core and penumbra showed the highest accuracy to predict good outcome (77.7%) as opposed to others (range, 43.9%-57.2%)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of predicted recanalization and tissue fate proved superior to prognosticate good clinical outcome when compared with other usual predictors.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.L.-S.) and Public Health Sciences (J.T.P., W.X.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.J.); and Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA (M.W.).
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leiva-Salinas
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.L.-S.) and Public Health Sciences (J.T.P., W.X.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.J.); and Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA (M.W.).
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Patrie
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.L.-S.) and Public Health Sciences (J.T.P., W.X.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.J.); and Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA (M.W.).
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.L.-S.) and Public Health Sciences (J.T.P., W.X.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.J.); and Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA (M.W.).
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.L.-S.) and Public Health Sciences (J.T.P., W.X.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.J.); and Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA (M.W.).
authors.forename: Tudor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jovin
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.L.-S.) and Public Health Sciences (J.T.P., W.X.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.J.); and Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA (M.W.).
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wintermark
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: brain infarction; perfusion; stroke; tissue plasminogen activator; tomography, x-ray computed