title: Universal sinus computed tomography protocol for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative navigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sinus computed tomography (CT) is performed for the diagnosis of paranasal sinus disease and to assess response to medical therapy. In addition, sinus CT is used for intraoperative imaging guidance. Multiple CTs increase cost and radiation exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine potential cost savings and radiation dose reduction that result from the use of a single universal sinus CT protocol for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative navigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  For sinus CT at the authors' institution, a single imaging protocol was begun and deemed acceptable by neuroradiologists and surgeons for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative guidance. The electronic medical record was queried over a 4-year period to determine the number of sinus CTs performed, dose-length products, referring providers' specialties, percentage of CTs used for intraoperative navigation, and the elapsed time between CT and surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6187 sinus CTs were performed by using a 64-detector scanner during the study period (2759 women and 3428 men; 53.6 ± 16.7 years [mean ± SD]), and 596 endoscopic sinus surgery cases used imaging guidance, for which all the CTs were deemed technically adequate. The mean dose-length product for the CTs was 338.4 ± 31.9 mGy-cm (mean ± SD). Of the 3702 sinus CTs ordered by nonotolaryngology providers, 167 surgeries with intraoperative navigation (4.5%) were performed. A higher percentage of CT referrals from sinus surgeons (23.9%) and other otolaryngology providers (11.4%) was used for imaging guidance (p < 0.0001). The time interval between sinus CT and surgery was greatest for nonotolaryngology providers (63.1 days, p < 0.01). Based on Medicare reimbursement, the total estimated saving was $147,628.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adopting a single universal sinus CT protocol for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative navigation can be an effective means of decreasing cost and radiation exposure. However, successful implementation must take into account multiple practice-based considerations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoxworth
authors.forename: Devyani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lal