title: Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) outbreaks: current situation and future outlook with emphasis on Brazil.
abstract: The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) has historically been a pest of dairy cattle and feedlots due to the availability of decaying plant matter mixed with animal excrements in such production systems. In the last few decades, stable fly outbreaks have also been reported in pasture-raised beef cattle, usually associated with wastes accumulated from animal feeding during winter, the introduction of large-scale crop operations near cattle ranches, and/or the inadvertent use of organic fertilizers. Population explosions of Stomoxys flies may also have natural causes, affecting not only domestic and/or wild animals but also humans. This article compiles information on stable fly outbreaks in Brazil and abroad and discusses their causes and consequences.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Taciany Ferreira de Souza
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Dominghetti
authors.affiliation: Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Antonio Thadeu Medeiros
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: de Barros
authors.affiliation: Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cleber Oliveira
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique Duarte
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cançado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009117:Muscidae; D012621:Seasons