title: Experimental flammability limits and associated theoretical flame temperatures as a tool for predicting the temperature dependence of these limits.
abstract: The utility and limitations of adiabatic flame temperature calculations and minimum mixture energies in predicting the temperature dependence of flammability limits are explored. The limiting flame temperatures at constant pressure (1 bar) are calculated using a standard widely-used thermodynamic computer program. The computation is based on the calculated limiting flame temperature value at the reference initial temperature and the experimental limit concentration. The values recently determined in large chambers for the lower and upper flammability limits of a variety of simple organic and inorganic gases (methane, ethylene, dimethylether, and carbon monoxide) are used as the basis for the predictions of the limiting flame temperature concept. Such thermodynamic calculations are compared with more traditional ones based on a limiting mixture energy and a constant average heat capacity of the reactant mixture. The advantages and limitations of the methods are discussed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Zlochower
keywords: Flammable limits; Limit flame temperature; Temperature dependence; Thermodynamic calculation