title: Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in A549 cells by compounds from oxheart cabbage extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxheart cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is a member of the Brassica genus. Although some studies on the anticancer effects of extracts from oxheart cabbage have been reported, comprehensive information on the bioactive fractions and components from oxheart cabbage extracts is still lacking. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bioactive fractions and components from oxheart cabbage seeds using activity-guided isolation methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of fraction II, fraction III, iberverin, sulforaphane and iberin from oxheart cabbage seed extract were investigated. The results showed that all five components had inhibitory effects on the in vitro growth of A549 cells which were dose-dependent. These compounds also changed the morphology of A549 cells, and their inhibitory activity on A549 cells was as follows: sulforaphane > iberin > iberverin > fraction III > fraction II. The IC50 values were 3.53 ± 0.63, 4.93 ± 1.02, 7.07 ± 0.51, 15.56 ± 0.24 and 27.32 ± 0.63 µg mL(-1) respectively. Fraction II, fraction III, iberverin, sulforaphane and iberin induced cell apoptosis by increasing early apoptosis and late apoptosis/necrosis, and activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that the decrease in A549 cell viability by active compounds from oxheart cabbage seed extract was due to the induction of apoptosis. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Quality and Standard for Agriculture Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Caiqin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Jianchang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Biotechnology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
authors.forename: Lianqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013454:Sulfoxides
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013440:Sulfides; D013454:Sulfoxides; C082585:iberin; C016766:sulforaphane; C583309:iberverin
keywords: A549; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; oxheart cabbage extract