title: The Evaluation of IL6 and ESR1 Gene Polymorphisms in Primary Dysmenorrhea.
abstract: Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological complaint with painful menstrual cramps in pelvis without any pathology. It affects about half of menstruating women, and it causes significant disruption in quality of life. We investigated the association between IL6 gene promoter and ESR1 gene XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms and primary dysmenorrhea. In this case-control study, 152 unrelated young women with primary dysmenorrhea and 150 unrelated healthy age-matched controls participated. Genomic DNA was isolated and IL6 and ESR1 gene polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-based RFLP assay. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of IL6 gene promoter and ESR1 gene XbaI polymorphisms were not statistically different between patients and controls (p > 0.05). However, the genotype and allele frequencies of ESR1 gene PvuII polymorphism showed statistically significant differences between primary dysmenorrhea patients and controls (p = 0.009 and p = 0.021, respectively). Statistically significant associations were also observed between age and married status of primary dysmenorrhea patients and ESR1 gene PvuII polymorphism (p = 0.044 and p = 0.023, respectively). In combined genotype analyses, AG at ESR1 XbaI and TC at ESR1 PvuII loci encoded a p-value of 0.027. Thus, individuals who are heterozygote at both loci have a lower risk of developing primary dysmenorrhea. Our study suggests no strong association between IL6 gene promoter and ESR1 gene XbaI polymorphisms and primary dysmenorrhea in Turkish women. However, ESR1 gene PvuII polymorphism showed statistically significant differences between primary dysmenorrhea patients and controls. The potential association between ESR1 gene PvuII polymorphism and age and married status of dysmenorrhea patients deserves further consideration.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine , Tokat , Turkey.
authors.forename: Asker Zeki
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Ozsoy
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Biology , Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine , Tokat , Turkey.
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Biology , Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine , Tokat , Turkey.
authors.forename: Serbulent
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine , Tokat , Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine , Tokat , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Can
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nacar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine , Tokat , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yılmaz Dogru
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: ESR1; IL6; genetic susceptibility; polymorphism; primary dysmenorrhea