title: Risk of atrial fibrillation associated with coffee intake: Findings from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health study.
abstract: There have been discrepant findings on whether coffee consumption is associated with the rate of developing atrial fibrillation (AF).
  
  
  
  We used data on 57,053 participants (27,178 men and 29,875 women) aged 50-64 years in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study. All participants provided information on coffee intake via food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. Incident AF was identified using nationwide registries. During a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 3415 AF events occurred. Compared with no intake, coffee consumption was inversely associated with AF incidence, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-1.15) for more than none to <1 cup/day, 0.88 (95% CI 0.71-1.10) for 1 cup/day, 0.86 (95% CI 0.71-1.04) for 2-3 cups/day, 0.84 (95% CI 0.69-1.02) for 4-5 cups/day, 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.98) for 6-7 cups/day and 0.79 (95% CI 0.63-1.00) for >7 cups/day (p-linear trend = 0.02).
  
  
  
  In this large population-based cohort study, higher levels of coffee consumption were associated with a lower rate of incident AF.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mostofsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin Berg
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark Aalborg Atrial Fibrillation Study Group, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundbye-Christensen
authors.affiliation: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Murray A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mittleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark ko@ph.au.dk.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee
keywords: Epidemiology; arrhythmias; clinical electrophysiology; drugs; nutrition