title: A Survey of 42 Semi-Volatile Organic Contaminants in Groundwater along the Grand Canal from Hangzhou to Beijing, East China.
abstract: The status of organic pollution in groundwater in eastern China along the Grand Canal from Hangzhou to Beijing was evaluated. Forty-two semi-volatile organic contaminants were analyzed, including 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and seven organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Among the detected contaminants, PAHs were the most widespread compounds. One PCB and six OCPs were detected in the groundwater samples, but none of the target OPPs was detected. The total concentration of the 16 PAHs ranged from 0.21 to 1006 ng/L, among which phenanthrene (271 ng/L) and fluoranthene (233 ng/L) were present at very high concentrations and naphthalene (32 positive detections in 50 samples) and fluorene (28 detections in 50 samples) were the most frequently detected. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalents indicated a high environmental risk related to PAHs in a few groundwater samples. To identify the possible sources of PAHs, three concentration ratios, low molecular weight PAHs/high molecular weight PAHs, anthracene/(anthracene + phenanthrene) and fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene), were determined, that indicated that the PAHs mainly originated from mixed sources: pyrolytic and petrogenic sources with different ratios at different sites.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. lixiaojie99@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. raozhu@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. Pengpeng111x@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. guoxc2012@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. huangyi@126.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. jingzhang2015@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. binglingbeier@126.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. liuchen0827@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000068476:Beijing; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: East China; environmental risk assessment; groundwater; trace organic contaminants