title: Physical and chemical properties of an antimicrobial Bis-GMA free dental resin with quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate monomer.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity, physicochemical properties of the quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate monomer N,N-bis[2-(3-(methacryloyloxy)propanamido)-ethyl]-N-methylhexadecyl ammonium bromide (IMQ-16) containing diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)/tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (SR833s) resin system and compare with bisphenylglycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin system. It was hypothesized that the physical and chemical properties of the experimental polymers would be comparable with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA polymer and IMQ-16 monomer could endow the UDMA/SR833s resin with antibacterial activity. Double bond conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mechanical properties including flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) were measured by three-point bending test with bars of 2mm×2mm×25mm. Water sorption (WS) and solubility (WSL) were also investigated. Antibacterial activity of obtained polymers against Streptococcus mutans Ingbitt (S. mutans) was tested through direct contact test (DCT). The presence of antibacterial activity due to soluble components was also investigated by agar diffusion test (ADT). All of the polymers containing IMQ-16 exhibited improvements in WS and WSL, while maintaining equivalent DC and FS relative to the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA control system. Incorporation of 17% and 20% of IMQ-16 into UDMA/SR833s resin reduced the viable counts of S. mutans after incubation on the surface of the materials and produced no inhibition zones around the cured discs in ADT. UDMA/SR833s resin system is promising to formulate an antibacterial polymer with equivalent or even higher physicochemical properties relative to Bis-GMA/TEGDMA formulation. IMQ-16 is capable to endow UDMA/SR833s resin system with significant antibacterial activity when the mass ratio is 17% or 20%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Qi-Ting
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China. Electronic address: linzhm@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zheng-Mei
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Faculty of Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Lippo V J
authors.initials: LVJ
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D058105:Polymerization; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C008384:methacrylic acid; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Dental resin; Dimathacrylate; Physicochemical properties; Polymer