title: Limonin, a Component of Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Inhibits Eugenol-Induced Calcium and cAMP Levels and PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway in Non-Neuronal 3T3-L1 Cells.
abstract: Limonin, one of the major components in dictamni radicis cortex (DRC), has been shown to play various biological roles in cancer, inflammation, and obesity in many different cell types and tissues. Recently, the odorant-induced signal transduction pathway (OST) has gained attention not only because of its function in the perception of smell but also because of its numerous physiological functions in non-neuronal cells. However, little is known about the effects of limonin and DRC on the OST pathway in non-neuronal cells. We investigated odorant-stimulated increases in Ca(2+) and cAMP, major second messengers in the OST pathway, in non-neuronal 3T3-L1 cells pretreated with limonin and ethanol extracts of DRC. Limonin and the extracts significantly decreased eugenol-induced Ca(2+) and cAMP levels and upregulated phosphorylation of CREB and PKA. Our results demonstrated that limonin and DRC extract inhibit the OST pathway in non-neuronal cells by modulating Ca(2+) and cAMP levels and phosphorylation of CREB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea. Yoon.Yeo-cho@kfri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Yeo Cho
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea. Kim.Sung-hee@kfri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Sung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea. kmj@kfri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea. yhj@kfri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hye Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea. mrrhyu@kfri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Mee-Ra
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rhyu
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea. jaehopark@kfri.re.kr.|Food Biotechnology, University of Science &amp; Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea. jaehopark@kfri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036905:Dictamnus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005054:Eugenol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D036701:Limonins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C492004:Creb1 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D036701:Limonins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005054:Eugenol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C001546:limonin; D002118:Calcium
keywords: cAMP; calcium; dictamni radices cortex; furanolactone; limonin; olfactory