title: Algal Toxin Azaspiracid-1 Induces Early Neuronal Differentiation and Alters Peripherin Isoform Stoichiometry.
abstract: Azaspiracid-1 is an algal toxin that accumulates in edible mussels, and ingestion may result in human illness as manifested by vomiting and diarrhoea. When injected into mice, it causes neurotoxicological symptoms and death. Although it is well known that azaspiracid-1 is toxic to most cells and cell lines, little is known about its biological target(s). A rat PC12 cell line, commonly used as a model for the peripheral nervous system, was used to study the neurotoxicological effects of azaspiracid-1. Azaspiracid-1 induced differentiation-related morphological changes followed by a latter cell death. The differentiated phenotype showed peripherin-labelled neurite-like processes simultaneously as a specific isoform of peripherin was down-regulated. The precise mechanism behind this down-regulation remains uncertain. However, this study provides new insights into the neurological effects of azaspiracid-1 and into the biological significance of specific isoforms of peripherin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. Linda.Hjornevik@uib.no.
authors.forename: Linda V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Hjørnevik
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. Ann.Froyset@uib.no.
authors.forename: Ann K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Frøyset
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. Toril-Anne.Gronset@uit.no.
authors.forename: Toril A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Grønset
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research Station, N-5984 Matredal, Norway. Krisnart@imr.no.
authors.forename: Krisna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rungruangsak-Torrissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. Kari.Fladmark@uib.no.
authors.forename: Kari E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fladmark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D064531:Peripherins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051381:Rats; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D064531:Peripherins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C406592:azaspiracid; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
keywords: PC12 cells; algal toxin; azaspiracid; intermediate filament; isoform; neurotoxin; peripherin