title: Comparison of the treatment performance of hybrid constructed wetlands treating stormwater runoff.
abstract: This study was conducted to compare the treatment performance of two hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) in treating stormwater runoff. The hybrid CWs were composed of a combination of free water surface (FWS) and horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs. Based on the results, strong correlation exists between potential runoff impacts and stormwater characteristics; however, the low correlations also suggest that not only the monitored parameters contribute to stormwater event mean concentrations (EMC) of pollutants, but other factors should also be considered as well. In the hydraulic and treatment performance of the hybrid CWs, a small surface area to catchment area (SA/CA) ratio, receiving a high concentration of influent EMC, will find it hard to achieve great removal efficiency; also a large SA/CA ratio, receiving low concentration of influent EMC, will find it hard to achieve great removal efficiency. With this, SA/CA ratio and influent characteristics such as EMC or load should be considered among the design factors of CWs. The performance data of the two CWs were used to consider the most cost-effective design of a hybrid CW. The optimum facility capacity (ratio of total runoff volume to storage volume) that is applicable for a target volume reduction and removal efficiency was provided in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-254 Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-717, Republic of Korea E-mail: leehyung@kongju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-254 Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-717, Republic of Korea E-mail: leehyung@kongju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maniquiz-Redillas
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-254 Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-717, Republic of Korea E-mail: leehyung@kongju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-708, Korea.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-254 Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-717, Republic of Korea E-mail: leehyung@kongju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014873:Water Pollutants