title: Comparing Methods to Determine Persistence of Childhood ADHD Into Adulthood: A Prospective, Population-Based Study.
abstract: To compare the rate of persistence of ADHD into adulthood as determined by a norm-referenced versus non-norm-referenced diagnostic interview, and by standardized questionnaires.
  
  
  
  Adults from a birth cohort, including research-identified childhood ADHD cases ( N = 232; Mage= 27.0 years; 167 males, 65 females) and controls ( N = 335; Mage= 28.6 years; 210 males, 125 females), were administered the M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Murphy-Barkley Symptoms Checklist (MB), and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) Results: Among the childhood ADHD cases, 29.3% fulfilled criteria for adult ADHD using a norm-referenced approach to M.I.N.I. scoring, versus 13.8% using published M.I.N.I. criteria. Among participants meeting norm-referenced diagnostic criteria, 41.8% and 69.1% were classified as adult ADHD using the MB and WURS, respectively.
  
  
  
  A non-norm-referenced approach resulted in a significant underestimate of the rate of adult ADHD. Reliance on either of two adult ADHD questionnaires would have further reduced this estimate.
authors.affiliation: 1 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Barbaresi
authors.affiliation: 2 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: 3 Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.affiliation: 2 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Killian
authors.affiliation: 2 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Slavica K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Katusic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014589:Utah
keywords: ADHD; adults; diagnosis; questionnaires; structured interview