title: Formation of High-Purity Indium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Application to Sensitive Detection of Ammonia.
abstract: High-purity In₂O₃ nanoparticles were recovered from scrap indium tin oxide substrates in a stepwise process involving acidic leaching, liquid-liquid extraction with a phosphine oxide extractant, and combustion of the organic phase. The morphological and structural parameters of the recovered nanoparticles were investigated to support the formation of the desired products. These In₂O₃ nanoparticles were used for sensitive sensing of ammonia gas using a four-probe electrode device. The proposed sensor offered very quick response time (around 10 s) and highly sensitive detection of ammonia (at a detection limit of 1 ppm).
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. sanjeevbhardwaj1988@gmail.com.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. sanjeevbhardwaj1988@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanjeev K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. nehavashisht1989@gmail.com.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. nehavashisht1989@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. er.manilkukkar@gmail.com.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. er.manilkukkar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukkar
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. amitsharma_csio@yahoo.co.in.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. amitsharma_csio@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Amit L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Korea. kkim61@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. dr.akashdeep@gmail.com.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. dr.akashdeep@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Akash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deep
keywords: ammonia; indium oxide nanoparticles; recovery; scrap; sensing