title: Multifunctional reduced graphene oxide trigged chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer: Novel signal amplification strategy for photoelectrochemical immunoassay of squamous cell carcinoma antigen.
abstract: Herein, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay is constructed for squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) detection using zinc oxide nanoflower-bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) composites as photoactive materials and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as signal labels. Horseradish peroxidase is used to block sites against nonspecific binding, and then participated in luminol-based chemiluminescence (CL) system. The induced CL emission is acted as an inner light source to excite photoactive materials, simplifying the instrument. A novel signal amplification strategy is stem from rGO because of the rGO acts as an energy acceptor, while luminol serves as a donor to rGO, triggering the CL resonance energy transfer phenomenon between luminol and rGO. Thus, the efficient CL emission to photoactive materials decreases. Furthermore, the signal amplification caused by rGO labeled signal antibodies is related to photogenerated electron-hole pairs: perfect matching of energy levels between rGO and Bi2S3 makes rGO a sink to capture photogenerated electrons from Bi2S3; the increased steric hindrance hinders the electron donor to the surface of Bi2S3 for reaction with the photogenerated holes. On the basis of the novel signal amplification strategy, the proposed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for PEC detection of SCCA, ranging from 0.8 pg mL(-1) to 80 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.21 pg mL(-1). Meanwhile, the designed signal amplification strategy provides a general format for future development of PEC assays.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. Electronic address: chm_yanm@126.com.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, China. Electronic address: sxr@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Xianrang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004735:Energy Transfer; D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D049449:Luminescence; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D015843:Serpins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D010087:Oxides; D015843:Serpins; D013440:Sulfides; C051072:squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen; D008165:Luminol; D006108:Graphite; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D001729:Bismuth; C049897:bismuth sulfide
keywords: Bismuth sulfide; Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer; Reduced graphene oxide; Squamous cell carcinoma antigen; Zinc oxide nanoflower