title: Photoinitiator-Initiated Estrogenic Activity in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7.
abstract: A recent in vitro study reported that the photoinitiator 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-ITX) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). However, it is not clear whether other photoinitiators such as 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (1-HCHPK) and 2-methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone (MTMP) produce endocrine-disrupting effects. The purpose of this study was thus to assess the association between estrogenic activity and exposure to photoinitiators. For estimation of the proliferative effect of the photoinitiators, the E-screen assay was used. Six photoinitiators, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (2,2-DMPAP), 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (2-EHDAB), 1-HCHPK, 2-ITX, methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (MBB), and MTMP, significantly increased number of MCF-7 cells, an estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cell line. In addition, pretreatment with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists such as clomiphene, tamoxifen, or fulvestrant, significantly reversed the proliferative effect of each photoinitiator. Data demonstrated that the six photoinitiators produced endocrine-disrupting effects and that these photoinitiators interacted with ER as agonists. Evidence indicates that the six photoinitiators demonstrated estrogenic activity via ER as agonists.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morizane
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esumi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sendo
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors