title: Relationship Between Antiinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 and Lactate Concentrations in Neonates Undergoing the Arterial Switch Operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 production and perioperative lactate concentrations and their impact on postoperative outcomes in neonates undergoing the arterial switch operation (ASO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2010 and August 2012, 80 neonates with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) were enrolled. Serum IL-10 levels were measured immediately before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the first, third, and seventh days. Perioperative clinical data were collected prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients underwent the ASO at a median age of 72 hours (4-144 hours). We found that serum IL-10 levels significantly correlated with a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (r = 0.3; p = 0.020) and duration of ventilation (r = 0.3; p = 0.017). Serum IL-10 levels on the first day after the surgical procedure had predictive value for a prolonged ICU stay (defined as an ICU stay >6 days postoperatively) by receiver operator curve analysis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.65 (p = 0.045). Logistic regression modeling indicated that serum lactate level (β = 2.7; p = 0.027), age at operation (β = -4.0; p = 0.007), and the nature (autologous or allogeneic) of blood products (β = -3.5; p = 0.030) used during CPB affected serum IL-10 levels. The strongest predictor of increased IL-10 on the first day after operation was a serum lactate level greater than 3 mmol/L measured after the surgical procedure on admission to the ICU, recording an odds ratio of 15.31. Serum lactate levels after operation and at admission to the ICU positively correlated with a prolonged ICU stay (r = 0.4; p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated lactate levels are associated with increased IL-10 production on the first postoperative day. Excessive production of IL-10 on the first day after the surgical procedure is associated with a prolonged ICU stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perfusiology, Ukrainian Children's Cardiac Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Intensive Care, Ukrainian Children's Cardiac Center, Kyiv, Ukraine. Electronic address: kchasovskiy82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyrylo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chasovskyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ukrainian Children's Cardiac Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Volodymyr
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zhovnir
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Ukrainian Children's Cardiac Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Ganna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vorobiova
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ukrainian Children's Cardiac Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Illya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yemets
mesh_terms: D000069278:Arterial Switch Operation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016753:Interleukin-10; D019344:Lactic Acid