title: Estimation of the Oxidative Stress and Molecular Damage Caused by 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid in Zebrafish Livers.
abstract: The present study investigated the toxic effects of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4 mim]Br) in zebrafish livers after exposure to 5-40 mg/L of [C4 mim]Br on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. The results showed that low levels of [C4 mim]Br exposure activated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during early periods of exposure. However, high concentrations (20-40 mg/L) of [C4 mim]Br caused the inhibition of SOD, which, accordingly, led to excess reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. The present results indicate that [C4 mim]Br causes oxidative stress in the livers of both male and female zebrafish. Additionally, the DNA damage revealed that [C4 mim]Br has a genotoxic effect on zebrafish livers, even when the concentration of [C4 mim]Br is low (5 mg/L). The DNA damage was demonstrated by quantifying the DNA strand breakage.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China. lushzhu@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C502841:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: HPLC; MDA, DNA Damage; ROS; SOD