title: Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) in follow-up in a Tertiary Care Referral Centre in Western India and to describe the clinical features indicative of CD in screened patients of TIDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single center observational cross-sectional study, 71 children who were diagnosed with TIDM were subjected to screening for CD with tissue transglutaminase antibody testing. Those who tested positive were offered intestinal biopsy for the confirmation of diagnosis. Clinical profiles of both groups of patients were compared and manifestations of CD were delineated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed the prevalence of CD (based on serology) in children with Type 1 diabetes as 15.49%. The prevalence of biopsy-confirmed CD was 7.04%. Of the diagnosed CD patients, one-third were symptomatic at the time of screening while the majority was asymptomatic. The major clinical features indicative of CD were intestinal symptoms, anemia, rickets, and short stature. Autoimmune thyroid disease was prevalent in 29.6% of the patients with TIDM followed by CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of CD in children with Type 1 diabetes emphasizes the need for routine screening programs to be in place for these high-risk populations. The clinical profile of patients with CD further elaborates the indicators of CD and the need to screen for them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madvariya
keywords: Celiac disease; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; children; tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies