title: The Janus-faced nature of IDO1 in infectious diseases: challenges and therapeutic opportunities.
abstract: Inhibition of IDO1 is a strategy pursued to develop novel therapeutic treatments for cancer. Recent years have witnessed growing evidence that the enzyme plays a pivotal role in viral, bacterial and fungal infections. These studies have underscored the Janus-faced nature of IDO1 in the regulation of host-pathogen interactions and commensalism. Starting with an outlook on the advances in the structural features of IDO1, herein we report recent findings that pinpoint the involvement of IDO1 in infectious diseases. Then, we present an overview of IDO1 inhibitors that have been enrolled in clinical trials as well as other distinct modulators of the enzyme that may enable further investigations of IDO1 and its role in infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Antonio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coletti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Emidio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Camaioni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carotti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinozzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antimo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gioiello
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macchiarulo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C576710:IDO1 protein, human; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
keywords: IDO; antibacterial; antifungal; antiviral; cancer; drug design; inhibitor; tryptophan