title: An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels.
abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections have led to an ongoing outbreak in humans, which was fueled by multiple zoonotic MERS-CoV introductions from dromedary camels. In addition to the implementation of hygiene measures to limit further camel-to-human and human-to-human transmissions, vaccine-mediated reduction of MERS-CoV spread from the animal reservoir may be envisaged. Here we show that a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine expressing the MERS-CoV spike protein confers mucosal immunity in dromedary camels. Compared with results for control animals, we observed a significant reduction of excreted infectious virus and viral RNA transcripts in vaccinated animals upon MERS-CoV challenge. Protection correlated with the presence of serum neutralizing antibodies to MERS-CoV. Induction of MVA-specific antibodies that cross-neutralize camelpox virus would also provide protection against camelpox.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. b.haagmans@erasmusmc.nl gerd.sutter@lmu.de albert.osterhaus@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Bart L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Haagmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van den Brand
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: V Stalin
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Asisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wohlsein
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Saskia L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Theo M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bestebroer
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nisreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okba
authors.affiliation: German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fux
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [CReSA, IRTA-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)], Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bensaid
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [CReSA, IRTA-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)], Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solanes Foz
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baumgärtner
authors.affiliation: UAB, CReSA, (IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segalés
authors.affiliation: German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. b.haagmans@erasmusmc.nl gerd.sutter@lmu.de albert.osterhaus@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Artemis One Health, Utrecht, Netherlands. Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany. b.haagmans@erasmusmc.nl gerd.sutter@lmu.de albert.osterhaus@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002162:Camelus / Q000821:virology*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D065207:Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014765:Viral Vaccines