title: Comparing corporal punishment and children's exposure to violence between caregivers: Towards better diagnosis and prevention of intrafamilial physical abuse of children.
abstract: Any intervention involving child victims of intrafamilial abuse must take the alleged underlying motives for the abuse into account. The aim of this study is to further our understanding of intrafamilial physical abuse of children, by comparing its various aspects while considering the alleged underlying motives. A preliminary sample of 1656 cases of alleged physical abuse in the northern region of Portugal was analysed, with two main motives being identified: corporal punishment (CP) (G1 = 927) and exposure to violence between caregivers (EVC) (G2 = 308). Statistically significant differences were found between the two motives (p < 0.05) for the following variables: (1) age of the alleged victims, (2) sex of the alleged abuser, (3) risk factors affecting the alleged abuser, (4) abuser/victim relationship, (5) injury-producing mechanism, (6) time between last abuse and forensic medical examination and (7) location of injuries. Evidence-based knowledge of these differences may help in accurate diagnosis by doctors (particularly forensic physicians) and prevention of this type of violence through support strategies (including tertiary prevention strategies).
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - North Branch, Porto, Portugal; Forensic Sciences Center - CENCIFOR, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: cristirib@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristina Silveira
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - North Branch, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - North Branch, Porto, Portugal; Forensic Sciences Center - CENCIFOR, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magalhães
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069581:Exposure to Violence; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D011678:Punishment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Child; Corporal punishment; Discipline; Exposure to violence between caregivers; Forensic medical examination; Physical abuse