title: Effects of Rotational Motion in Robotic Needle Insertion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robotic needle insertion in biological tissues has been known as one the most applicable procedures in sampling, robotic injection and different medical therapies and operations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this paper, we would like to investigate the effects of angular velocity in soft tissue insertion procedure by considering force-displacement diagram. Non-homogenous camel liver can be exploited as a tissue sample under standard compression test with Zwick/Roell device employing 1-D axial load-cell.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of rotational motion were studied by running needle insertion experiments in 5, 50 and 200 mm/min in two types of with or without rotational velocity of 50, 150 and 300 rpm. On further steps with deeper penetrations, friction force of the insertion procedure in needle shaft was acquired by a definite thickness of the tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Designed mechanism of fixture for providing different frequencies of rotational motion is available in this work. Results for comparison of different force graphs were also provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Derived force-displacement graphs showed a significant difference between two procedures; however, tissue bleeding and disorganized micro-structure would be among unavoidable results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramezanpour
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Mechatronics, Islamic Azad University, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rostami
keywords: Force-Displacement Diagram; Friction; Rotational Capability; Soft Tissue Insertion