title: Effects of peripheral nerve injury on parvalbumin expression in adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parvalbumin (PV) is a calcium binding protein that identifies a subpopulation of proprioceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is also expressed in a high proportion of muscle afferents but its relationship to PV is unclear. Little is known of the phenotypic responses of muscle afferents to nerve injury. Sciatic nerve axotomy or L5 spinal nerve ligation and section (SNL) lesions were used to explore these issues in adult rats using immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In naive animals, the mean PV expression was 25 % of L4 or L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and this was unchanged 2 weeks after sciatic nerve axotomy. Colocalization studies with the injury marker activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) showed that approximately 24 % of PV neurons expressed ATF3 after sciatic nerve axotomy suggesting that PV may show a phenotypic switch from injured to uninjured neurons. This possibility was further assessed using the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) injury model where injured and uninjured neurons are located in different DRGs. Two weeks after L5 SNL there was no change in total PV staining and essentially all L5 PV neurons expressed ATF3. Additionally, there was no increase in PV-ir in the adjacent uninjured L4 DRG cells. Co-labelling of DRG neurons revealed that less than 2 % of PV neurons normally expressed CGRP and no colocalization was seen after injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments clearly show that axotomy does not produce down regulation of PV protein in the DRG. Moreover, this lack of change is not due to a phenotypic switch in PV immunoreactive (ir) neurons, or de novo expression of PV-ir in uninjured neurons after nerve injury. These results further illustrate differences that occur when muscle afferents are injured as compared to cutaneous afferents.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK. Tommedici@doctors.org.uk.|Queens Hospital, Romford, Essex, RM7 0AG, UK. Tommedici@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Medici
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Narellen Road, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. p.shortland@uws.edu.au.|Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK. p.shortland@uws.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shortland
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; C497108:Atf3 protein, rat; D010320:Parvalbumins