title: Evaluation of Delta-Aminolevulinic Dehydratase Activity, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder of unknown etiology. Oxidative stress and alterations in vitamin D levels have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MS. The aim of this study was to investigate δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity as well as the levels of vitamin D, lipid peroxidation levels, carbonyl protein content, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and the vitamin C, vitamin E, and non-protein thiol (NPSH) content in samples from patients with the relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS). The study population consisted of 29 RRMS patients and 29 healthy subjects. Twelve milliliters of blood was obtained from each individual and used for biochemical determinations. The results showed that δ-ALA-D and CAT activities were significantly increased, while SOD activity was decreased in the whole blood of RRMS patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, we observed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, carbonyl protein levels in serum and damaged DNA in leucocytes in RRMS patients compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, NPSH, and vitamin D were significantly decreased in RRMS patients in relation to the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that the increase in δ-ALA-D activity may be related to the inflammatory and immune process in MS in an attempt to maintain the cellular metabolism and reduce oxidative stress. Moreover, the alterations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance and lower vitamin D levels may contribute to the pathophysiology of MS.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. polachini.carla@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carla Roberta Nunes
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Polachini
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roselia Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Spanevello
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jucimara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldissarelli
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane Belmonte
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rosa Chitolina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.|Laboratório de Biogenômica, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivana Beatrice Mânica
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: da Cruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biogenômica, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charles Elias
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Assmann
authors.affiliation: Curso de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margarete Dulce
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bagatini
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. veramorsch@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vera Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000097:blood*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Antioxidant; Multiple sclerosis; Oxidative stress; Vitamin D; δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase