title: Neutrophil recruitment by allergens contribute to allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the presence and role of neutrophils in asthma and allergic diseases, and outline the importance of pollen and cat dander-induced innate neutrophil recruitment in induction of allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uncontrolled asthma is associated with elevated numbers of neutrophils, and levels of neutrophil-attracting chemokine IL-8 and IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. These parameters negatively correlate with lung function. Pollen allergens and cat dander recruit neutrophils to the airways in a toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation protein-2, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR) 2-dependent manner. Repeated recruitment of activated neutrophils by these allergens facilitates allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment with CXCR2 inhibitor, disruption of toll-like receptor 4, or small interfering RNA against myeloid differentiation protein-2 also inhibits allergic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which innately recruited neutrophils contribute to shifting the airway inflammatory response induced by allergens from neutrophilic to an eosinophilic-allergic is an area of active research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent studies have revealed that neutrophil recruitment is important in the development of allergic sensitization and inflammation. Inhibition of neutrophils recruitment may be a strategy to control allergic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Koa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosoki
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itazawa
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boldogh
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sur
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000276:immunology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016209:Interleukin-8; C495377:LY96 protein, human; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4