title: Simultaneous extraction and cleanup of high-lipid organs from white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) for multiple legacy and emerging organic contaminants using QuEChERS sample preparation.
abstract: The objective of this research was to utilize the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method to extract a broad range of persistent organic pollutants from sturgeon organs (liver and gonad) as indicators of exposure. The analyte list was prioritized to include carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most commonly occurring polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs), and emergent contaminants of concern (ECCs) as indicators of human sewage exposure. White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) were selected for this study to support a larger ecotoxicological study to monitor contaminants as an assessment of fish health. Organ tissues contained high lipid content with percentages of 15% and 34% for liver and gonad, respectively. Overall recoveries from fortified sturgeon tissues were high, 71-98% for PAHs, 60-107% for PBDEs and PCBs, 86-107% for PBT chemicals, and 88-107% for ECCs with the exception of octinoxate (28%) from liver tissues. Analyte recovery trends decreased as analyte lipophilicity and molecular weight increased. These recoveries demonstrate that extraction using QuEChERS can be used for screening of the most common bioaccumulating organic compounds in high lipid fish tissue using a single extraction and analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences, West Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Shane A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences, West Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Kristal K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sieve
authors.affiliation: Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ratajczak
authors.affiliation: Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bringolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences, West Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Belden
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006066:Gonads / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Emergent contaminants; Fish; Flame-retardants; PAHs; Pesticides; QuEChERS