title: Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analyses of the Frizzled Gene Family in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Provide Insights into Gene Expansion from Whole-Genome Duplications.
abstract: In humans, the frizzled (FZD) gene family encodes 10 homologous proteins that commonly localize to the plasma membrane. Besides being associated with three main signaling pathways for cell development, most FZDs have different physiological effects and are major determinants in the development process of vertebrates and. Here, we identified and annotated the FZD genes in the whole-genome of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a teleost fish, and determined their phylogenetic relationships to FZDs in other vertebrates. Our analyses revealed extensive gene duplications in the common carp that have led to the 26 FZD genes that we detected in the common carp genome. All 26 FZD genes were assigned orthology to the 10 FZD genes of on-land vertebrates, with none of genes being specific to the fish lineage. We postulated that the expansion of the FZD gene family in common carp was the result of an additional whole genome duplication event and that the FZD gene family in other teleosts has been lost in their evolution history with the reason that the functions of genes are redundant and conservation. Through the expression profiling of FZD genes in common carp, we speculate that the ancestral gene was likely capable of performing all functions and was expressed broadly, while some descendant duplicate genes only performed partial functions and were specifically expressed at certain stages of development.
authors.affiliation: CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.|College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chuanju
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.|College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Likun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.|College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahboob
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Ghanim
authors.affiliation: CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020131:Genes, Duplicate; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D051157:Frizzled Receptors