title: Emerging Threats for Human Health in Poland: Pathogenic Isolates from Drug Resistant Acanthamoeba Keratitis Monitored in terms of Their In Vitro Dynamics and Temperature Adaptability.
abstract: Amphizoic amoebae generate a serious human health threat due to their pathogenic potential as facultative parasites, causative agents of vision-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Recently, AK incidences have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide, particularly in contact lens wearers. In our study, severe cases of AK in Poland and respective pathogenic isolates were assessed at clinical, morphological, and molecular levels. Misdiagnoses and the unsuccessful treatment in other ophthalmic units delayed suitable therapy, and resistance to applied chemicals resulted in severe courses and treatment difficulties. Molecular assessment indicated that all sequenced pathogenic corneal isolates deriving from Polish patients with AK examined by us showed 98-100% homology with Acanthamoeba genotype T4, the most prevalent genotype in this human ocular infection worldwide. In vitro assays revealed that the pathogenic strains are able to grow at elevated temperature and have a wide adaptive capability. This study is our subsequent in vitro investigation on pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains of AK originating from Polish patients. Further investigations designed to foster a better understanding of the factors leading to an increase of AK observed in the past years in Poland may help to prevent or at least better cope with future cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 73 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chomicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; One Health Center, Berry College, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Mount Berry, GA 30149-5036, USA.
authors.forename: David Bruce
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 73 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padzik
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 13 Sierakowskiego Street, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Szaflik
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walochnik
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Implantology, 4 Lindleya Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Zawadzki
authors.affiliation: Department of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, 81 Żwirki and Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pawłowski
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubinskiego Street, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dybicz
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D015823:Acanthamoeba Keratitis / Q000469:parasitology*; D000328:Adult; D003315:Cornea / Q000469:parasitology*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D013696:Temperature