title: Nature Inspired Computing: An Overview and Some Future Directions.
abstract: This paper presents an overview of significant advances made in the emerging field of nature-inspired computing (NIC) with a focus on the physics- and biology-based approaches and algorithms. A parallel development in the past two decades has been the emergence of the field of computational intelligence (CI) consisting primarily of the three fields of neural networks, evolutionary computing and fuzzy logic. It is observed that NIC and CI intersect. The authors advocate and foresee more cross-fertilisation of the two emerging fields.
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Northland Road, Londonderry, BT48 7JL UK.
authors.forename: Nazmul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Informatics, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience, and Neurology, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
authors.forename: Hojjat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adeli
keywords: Biology-based algorithms; Meta-heuristic algorithms; Nature-inspired computing; Physics-based algorithms; Search and optimisation