title: Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Improves the Overall Survival Rate of Individuals with Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Modulates In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic, multifactorial, and metabolic disorder accounting for 90% diabetes cases worldwide. Among them, almost half of T2D have hypertension, which is responsible for cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality in these patients. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) prescription patterns of hypertension individuals among T2D patients have yet to be characterized. This study, therefore, aimed to determine their prescription patterns and evaluate the CHM effect. A cohort of one million randomly sampled cases from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was used to investigate the overall survival rate of CHM users, and prescription patterns. After matching CHM and non-CHM users for age, gender and date of diagnosis of hypertension, 980 subjects for each group were selected. The CHM users were characterized with slightly longer duration time from diabetes to hypertension, and more cases for hyperlipidaemia. The cumulative survival probabilities were higher in CHM users than in non-CHM users. Among these top 12 herbs, Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Dan-Shen, and Ge-Gen were the most common herbs and inhibited in vitro smooth muscle cell contractility. Our study also provides a CHM comprehensive list that may be useful in future investigation of the safety and efficacy for individuals with hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan.|Division of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Fung
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Tzone
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Shiao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Bi
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Kuei
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hsinyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Hsu
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Chu
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shao-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ju-Pi
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hao-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jaung-Geng
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fuu-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Miin
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies