title: Efficacy of Two Larvasonic™ Units Against Culex Larvae and Effects on Common Aquatic Nontarget Organisms in Harris County, Texas.
abstract: The Larvasonic™ Field Arm Mobile Wetlands Unit and SD-Mini were tested for efficacy against Culex larvae, and effects on aquatic nontarget organisms (NTO). The Field Arm provided 84.61% to 100% control of caged Culex larvae out to 0.91-m distance in shallow ditches and 60.45% control of Culex larvae at 0.61-m without any effects to caged NTO. Slow ditch treatment achieved 77.35% control compared to fast treatment (20.42%), whereas 77.65% control was obtained along edges of a neglected swimming pool, compared to near the middle (23.97%). In bucket tests, the SD-Mini provided >97% control of Culex and 85.35% reduction of immature giant water bugs, which decreased slightly (83.45%) over the monitoring period, which was not significantly different from cannibalistic damselflies (62.80%), with reduction of both being significantly higher than other NTO tested. There was a small (0.37%) reduction of dragonflies (naiads), due to cannibalism. Both Larvasonic units could effectively augment conventional larvicide operations in smaller areas without causing resistance within mosquito populations or harming NTO when used properly.
authors.affiliation: Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Building D, Houston, TX 77021.
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fredregill
authors.affiliation: Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Building D, Houston, TX 77021.
authors.forename: Greg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Motl
authors.affiliation: Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Building D, Houston, TX 77021.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dennett
authors.affiliation: Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Building D, Houston, TX 77021.
authors.forename: Rudy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Building D, Houston, TX 77021.
authors.forename: Mustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debboun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000254:growth & development; D003465:Culex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes; D007313:Insecta / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009758:Nymph / Q000528:radiation effects; D013781:Texas; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: Integrated pest management; Larvasonic; larvicide; physical control; ultrasonic