title: New insights into the multidimensional concept of macrophage ontogeny, activation and function.
abstract: Macrophages have protective roles in immunity to pathogens, tissue development, homeostasis and repair following damage. Maladaptive immunity and inflammation provoke changes in macrophage function that are causative of disease. Despite a historical wealth of knowledge about macrophages, recent advances have revealed unknown aspects of their development and function. Following development, macrophages are activated by diverse signals. Such tissue microenvironmental signals together with epigenetic changes influence macrophage development, activation and functional diversity, with consequences in disease and homeostasis. We discuss here how recent discoveries in these areas have led to a multidimensional concept of macrophage ontogeny, activation and function. In connection with this, we also discuss how technical advances facilitate a new roadmap for the isolation and analysis of macrophages at high resolution.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2857-7755
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ginhoux
authors.affiliation: Genomics &Immunoregulation, LIMES (Life &Medical Sciences) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schultze
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.|Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ochando
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Subhra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Biswas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages