title: ENDOXY - Development of a Biomimetic Oxygenator-Test-Device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study focusses on the development of a biomimetic oxygenator test device. Due to limited biocompatibility, current oxygenators do not allow mid- to long-term therapy. Tissue engineering uses autologous cell sources to overcome the immunogenic barriers of biomaterials. Surface coating with endothelial cells might improve hemocompatibility and thus prevent immunogenic reactions of the body. In this study this concept is applied to endothelialise a gas-permeable membrane to develop a biomimetic oxygenator test-device (ENDOXY).
  
  
  METHODS
  ENDOXY-a multifunctional test-system was developed to endothelialise a gas-permeable membrane suitable for cell culture and to test the cell retention under shear stress and to measure gas transfer through it.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful endothelialisation of the membrane was achieved and cells showed characteristic endothelial morphologies. They stained positive for endothelial markers. The number of cells aligned with shear stress and cell retention after blood perfusing experiments was high. Gas transfer is observed via uncoated and endothelialised membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed promising results with regard to system design, endothelialisation, and cell retention under shear stress conditions. It strongly encourages further research into the system by testing different membrane materials to design a biomimetic membrane surface and pave way for a fully hemocompatible oxygenator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Finocchiaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olszweski
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arens
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Rode
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sachweh
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jockenhoevel
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|Department of Internal Medicine - Section for Pneumology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010107:Oxygenators, Membrane; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*