title: Metabolomic profiles investigation on athletes' urine 35 minutes after an 800-meter race.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to identify possible biological pathways of the metabolite profile changes in athletes' urine samples before and after 800-m runs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an NMR-based metabolomics analysis to evaluate the metabolite profile changes in 19 young male athletes' urine samples after 800-m runs and provide an overall picture of its impact. Various multivariate data analysis methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal projection of latent-structure-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to analyze the NMR data and thus identify possible correlations between the metabolite profile changes and the alterations in biological pathways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The potential biological mechanism of an 800-m race was finally elucidated based on the multivariate statistical analysis results. The levels of blood lactate (Lac), 2-hydroxyisovalerate (2HIV), leucine, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (2HIB), alanine, N-acetyl-glucoprotein, pyruvate, creatinine, fumarate, inosine (Ino) and hypoxanthine (Hyx) were up-regulated in the post samples, whereas the levels of certain metabolites, including 3-hydroxyisovalerate, citrate, taurine, glycine and formate were down-regulated in the postsamples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides novel insights into the 800-m race metabolic characteristic. Separation of pre- from postexercise samples was related to the Krebs cycle, Cori cycle, Cahill cycle, HIFs and ROS. Besides the Lac change, the increased concentrations of Ino, 2HIV concentrations in the postexercise urine samples represent potential indices which indicate the high percent of glycolysis during the 800-m run. The increase of concentrations of Hyx, 2HIB may indicated oxidative stress with concomitant ROS generation in the athletes' bodies during the 800-m race.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China - mahf70@163.com.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005561:Formates / Q000652:urine; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000652:urine*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000652:urine; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014631:Valerates / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005561:Formates; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D014631:Valerates; C035864:2-hydroxyisovaleric acid; C030544:formic acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid; D003404:Creatinine; C008039:2-hydroxyisobutyric acid