title: Treatment of crystallized-fruit wastewater by UV-A LED photo-Fenton and coagulation-flocculation.
abstract: This work reports the treatment of crystallized-fruit effluents, characterized by a very low biodegradability (BOD5/COD <0.19), through the application of a UV-A LED photo-Fenton process. Firstly, a Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology was applied to achieve the optimal conditions for the UV-A LED photo-Fenton process, trying to maximize the efficiency by saving chemicals and time. Under the optimal conditions ([H2O2] = 5459 mg/L; [Fe(3+)] = 286 mg/L; time >180 min), a COD removal of 45, 64 and 74% was achieved after 360 min, using an irradiance of 23, 70 and 85 W/m(2) respectively. Then a combination of UV-A LED photo-Fenton with coagulation-flocculation-decantation attained a higher COD removal (80%), as well as almost total removal of turbidity (99%) and total suspended solids (95%). Subsequent biodegradability of treated effluents increased, allowing the application of a biological treatment step after the photochemical/CFD with 85 W/m(2).
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química de Vila Real, Departamento de Química, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Chueca
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química de Vila Real, Departamento de Química, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amor
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; INESC-TEC, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química de Vila Real, Departamento de Química, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química de Vila Real, Departamento de Química, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Environmental Nanocatalysis and Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.p.lucas@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marco S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química de Vila Real, Departamento de Química, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Peres
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D003460:Crystallization; D005427:Flocculation; D005638:Fruit; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008027:Light; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biodegradability; Coagulation/flocculation; Crystallized-fruit wastewater; Photo-Fenton; UV-A LED