title: Rectal Mechano-sensory Function in Patients with Carcinoid Diarrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with neuroendocrine tumors, excessive production of serotonin and other amines may cause the carcinoid syndrome,which is mainly characterized by diarrhea and flushing. Little is known about the pathophysiology of carcinoid diarrhea. In severalother groups of patients, diarrhea may be associated with rectal hypersensitivity and increased rectal tone. Therefore, the aim of thepresent study was to compare rectal sensitivity and compliance in patients with carcinoid diarrhea and in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (6 males, aged 54-78 years, median 65 years), with carcinoid diarrhea and 19 healthy subjects (7 males, aged 50-78 years, median 61 years) were included. Rectal mechanical and heat stimulation was used for assessment of rectal mechano-sensory properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 5.3% higher temperatures were needed to elicit sensory responses in patients with carcinoid diarrhea than in healthy subjects (P = 0.015). Posthoc analyses revealed that the sensory threshold to heat was 48.1 ± 3.1°C in patients vs 44.7 ± 4.7°C in healthy subjects (P = 0.041). In contrast, patients and healthy subjects showed no overall differences in rectal sensory response to mechanical distension (P = 0.731) or rectal compliance (P = 0.990).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with carcinoid diarrhea have higher sensory thresholds to heat stimulation in comparison to healthy subjects, but normalrectal sensation to mechanical distension and normal compliance. Therefore, treatment of carcinoid diarrhea should aim at prolonging gastrointestinal transit and decreasing secretion, rather than modifying rectal mechano-sensory function.
authors.affiliation: Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.affiliation: Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne-Mette
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery P, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurberg
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Asbjørn M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Drewes
authors.affiliation: Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grønbæk
authors.affiliation: Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krogh
keywords: Diarrhea; Neuroendocrine tumors; Rectum; Sensation; Serotonin