title: Haemocompatibility and cytotoxic studies of non-metallic composite materials modified with magnetic nano and microparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preventing the formation of blood clots on the surface of biomaterials and investigation of the reasons of their formation are the leading topics of the research and development of biomaterials for implants placed into the bloodstream. Biocompatibility and stability of a material in body fluids and direct effect on blood cell counts components are related both to the structure and physico-chemical state of an implant surface. The aim of this study was to determine haemocompatibility and cytotoxicity of polysulfone-based samples containing nano and micro particles of magnetite (Fe3O4).
  
  
  METHODS
  The polysulfone-based samples modified with nanometric and micrometric magnetite particles were examined. Physicochemical properties of the composites were determined by testing their wettability and surface roughness. The action of haemolytic, activation of coagulation system and cytotoxicity of composites was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wettability and roughness of materials were correlated with nanoparticles and microparticles content. In the tests of plasma coagulation system shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time for polysulfone with nano magnetite and with micro magnetite particles was observed in comparison with pure polysulfone. Prothrombine time and thrombine time values as well as fibrinogen concentration were unchanged. Haemolysis values were normal. Morphology and viability of cells were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Composites made from polysulfone modified with nanoparticles and microparticles of magnetite cause neither haemolytic nor cytotoxic reaction. These composites evoke plasma endogenous system activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szymonowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rybak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraczek-Szczypta
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paluch
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rusak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nowicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blazewicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008670:Metals; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; C017662:polysulfone P 1700; D005340:Fibrinogen; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide