title: Chitosan hydrogel beads impregnated with hexadecylamine for improved reactive blue 4 adsorption.
abstract: Adsorption performance of chitosan (CS) hydrogel beads was investigated after impregnation of CS with hexadecylamine (HDA) as a cationic surfactant, for the elimination of reactive blue 4 (RB4) from wastewater. The CS/HDA beads formed with 3.8% HDA were the most effective adsorbent. The adsorption capacity was increased by 1.43 times from 317 mg/g (CS) to 454 mg/g (CS/HDA). The RB4 removal increased with decrease in the pH of dye solution from 4 to 9. The isotherm data obtained from RB4 adsorption on CS and CS/HDA are adequately described by Freundlich model (R(2)=0.946 and 0.934, χ(2)=22.414 and 64.761). The kinetic study revealed that the pseudo-second-order rate model (R(2)=0.996 and 0.997) was in better agreement with the experimental data. The negative values of ΔG° (-2.28 and -6.30 kJ/mol) and ΔH° (-172.18 and -101.62 kJ/mol) for CS beads and HDA modified CS beads, respectively; suggested a spontaneous and exothermic process for RB4 adsorption.
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammadtaghi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vakili
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: mohd_rafatullah@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafatullah
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahamad Hakimi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Zuhairi
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salamatinia
authors.affiliation: Centralized Analytical Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gholami
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D014227:Triazines; C036598:procion blue MX-R; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D048271:Chitosan; C013553:hexadecylamine
keywords: Adsorption; Chitosan; Hexadecylamine; Isotherm; Kinetic; Reactive blue 4