title: Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and phytochemical study of Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. and Wendelbo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zhumeria majdae (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species growing in the South parts of Iran especially Hormozgan province. The plant is so-called Mohrekhosh locally and widely used for medicinal purposes including stomachache and dysmenorrhea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In order to separation and identification of the main flavonoid glycosides of the plant (aerial parts including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits were used) and evaluation of its alpha-amylase inhibitory (AAI) activity, methanolic extract was prepared and fractionated to botanolic portion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolation of the main compounds of the butanol extract of the plant have been performed using different column chromatography methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (C18 column) and Sephadex LH-20 as well. The isolated compounds were identified by Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and comparison with those reported in previous literature. Moreover, inhibitory activity of the butanolic extract of the plant against alpha-amylase enzyme was examined in different concentrations (15-30 mg/mL), where acarbose used as a positive control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three flavonoid glycosides: Linarin (1), hispidulin-7-O-(4-O-acetyl-rutinoside) (2), hispidulin-7-O-rutinoside (3) were successfully identified in the extract. The activity of alpha amylase enzyme was dose-dependently suppressed by the butanol extract. The extract exhibited the highest inhibition at 30 mg/mL toward enzyme (77.9 ± 2.1%), while acarbose inhibited the enzyme at 20 mg/mL by 73.9 ± 1.9%. The inhibitory concentrations of 50% for the extract and acarbose were calculated at 24.5 ± 2.1 and 6.6 ± 3.1 mg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Z. majdae contains glycosylated flavones and could be a good candidate for anti-diabetic evaluations in animal and clinical trials due to possessing AAI activity.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mirshafie
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Najmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mokhber-Dezfouli
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manayi
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeidnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Medicinal Plant, ACECER, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gohari
keywords: Alpha-amylase inhibitor; Zhumeria majdae; hispidulin-7-O-(4-O-acetyl-rutinoside); hispidulin-7-O-rutinoside; linarin