title: Evaluating integrated strategies for robust treatment of high saline piggery wastewater.
abstract: In this study, we integrated physicochemical and biological strategies for the robust treatment of piggery effluent in which high levels of organic constituents, inorganic nutrients, color, and salts remained. Piggery effluent that was stabilized in an anaerobic digester was sequentially coagulated, micro-filtered, and air-stripped prior to biological treatment with mixotrophic algal species that showed tolerance to high salinity (up to 4.8% as Cl(-)). The algae treatment was conducted with continuous O2 supplementation instead of using the combination of high lighting and CO2 injection. The microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda employed as a bio-agent was capable of assimilating both nitrogen (222 mg N g cell(-1) d(-1)) and phosphorus (9.3 mg P g cell(-1) d(-1)) and utilizing dissolved organics (2053 mg COD g cell(-1) d(-1)) as a carbon source in a single treatment process under the heterotrophic growth conditions. The heterotrophic growth of S. quadricauda proceeded rapidly by directly incorporating organic substrate in the oxidative assimilation process, which coincided with the high productivity of algal biomass, accounting for 2.4 g cell L(-1) d(-1). The algae-treated wastewater was subsequently ozonated to comply with discharge permits that limit color in the effluent, which also resulted in improved biodegradability of residual organics. The integrated treatment scheme proposed in this study also achieved 89% removal of COD, 88% removal of TN, and 60% removal of TP. The advantage of using the hybrid configuration suggests that this would be a promising strategy in full-scale treatment facilities for piggery effluent.
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Research Institute, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wook Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: A Na
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joonhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea. Electronic address: kgsong@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung Guen
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003116:Color; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D054712:Salinity; D044444:Scenedesmus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D010126:Ozone; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Coagulation; Mixotrophic microalgae; Ozonation; Piggery wastewater; Stripping