title: Interaction of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides with auxin involves changes in flavonoid accumulation.
abstract: Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) are signalling molecules originating from plant cell walls influencing plant growth and defence reactions. The present study focused on their interaction with exogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). GGMOs acted as auxin antagonists and diminished the effect of IAA on Arabidopsis primary root growth. Their effect is associated with meristem enlargement and prolongation of the elongation zone. Reduction of the elongation zone was a consequence of the IAA action, but IAA did not affect the size of the meristem. In the absence of auxin, GGMOs stimulated root growth, meristem enlargement and elongation zone prolongation. It is assumed that the effect of GGMOs in the absence of exogenous auxin resulted from their interaction with the endogenous form. In the presence of auxin transport inhibitor GGMOs did not affect root growth. It is known that flavonoids are auxin transport modulators but this is the first study suggesting the role of flavonoids in GGMOs' signalling. The accumulation of flavonoids in the meristem and elongation zone decreased in GGMOs' treatments in comparison with the control. These oligosaccharides also diminished the effect of IAA on the flavonoids' elevation. The fact that GGMOs decreased the accumulation of flavonoids, known to be modulators of auxin transport, and the loss of GGMOs' activity in the presence of the auxin transport inhibitor indicates that the root growth stimulation caused by GGMOs could be related to changes in auxin transport, possibly mediated by flavonoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Danica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kučerová
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia. Electronic address: Karin.Kollarova@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kollárová
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vatehová
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Desana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lišková
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005453:Fluorescence; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008351:Mannans / Q000378:metabolism*; D018519:Meristem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D008351:Mannans; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C443804:galactoglucomannan
keywords: Arabidopsis; Auxin; Elongation zone; Flavonoids accumulation; Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides; Meristem; Primary root