title: Interleukin-17A as a Biomarker for Bovine Tuberculosis.
abstract: T helper 17 (Th17)-associated cytokines are integral to the immune responses to tuberculosis, initiating both protective and harmful inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate applied aspects of interleukin-17 (IL-17) biology in the context of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. Using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), numerous Th17-associated cytokine genes (including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-19, and IL-27) were upregulated >9-fold in response to purified protein derivative stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from experimentally M. bovis-infected cattle. Protective vaccines elicited IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-27 responses. Reduced IL-17A responses by vaccine recipients, compared to nonvaccinated animals, at 2.5 weeks after M. bovis challenge correlated with reduced disease burdens. Additionally, IL-17A and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses were highly correlated and exhibited similar diagnostic capacities. The present findings support the use of Th17-associated cytokines as biomarkers of infection and protection in the immune responses to bovine tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA ray.waters@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: W Ray
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.affiliation: National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Mayara F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Maggioli
authors.affiliation: National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchell V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.affiliation: TB Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Vordermeier
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berney-Meyer
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D064094:Interleukin-27 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D009154:Mutation; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000097043:Interleukin-22
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020381:Interleukin-17; D064094:Interleukin-27; D007378:Interleukins; D000097043:Interleukin-22