title: Landscape of somatic mutations in sporadic GH-secreting pituitary adenomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in the cAMP signaling pathway are common in hormonally active endocrine tumors. Somatic mutations at GNAS are causative in 30-40% of GH-secreting adenomas. Recently, mutations affecting the USP8 and PRKACA gene have been reported in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas and cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas respectively. However, the pathogenesis of many GH-secreting adenomas remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comprehensive genetic characterization of sporadic GH-secreting adenomas and identification of new driver mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Screening for somatic mutations was performed in 67 GH-secreting adenomas by targeted sequencing for GNAS, PRKACA, and USP8 mutations (n=31) and next-generation exome sequencing (n=36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By targeted sequencing, known activating mutations in GNAS were detected in five cases (16.1%), while no somatic mutations were observed in both PRKACA and USP8. Whole-exome sequencing identified 132 protein-altering somatic mutations in 31/36 tumors with a median of three mutations per sample (range: 1-13). The only recurrent mutations have been observed in GNAS (31.4% of cases). However, seven genes involved in cAMP signaling pathway were affected in 14 of 36 samples and eight samples harbored variants in genes involved in the calcium signaling or metabolism. At the enrichment analysis, several altered genes resulted to be associated with developmental processes. No significant correlation between genetic alterations and the clinical data was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a comprehensive analysis of somatic mutations in a large series of GH-secreting adenomas. No novel recurrent genetic alterations have been observed, but the data suggest that beside cAMP pathway, calcium signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany Ronchi_C@ukw.de.
authors.forename: Cristina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ronchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peverelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herterich
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Weigand
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwarzmayr
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Silviu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sbiera
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allolio
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honegger
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, W
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appenzeller
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lania
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reincke
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calebiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchfelder
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flitsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, W
authors.forename: Tim M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyNeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany Department of Internal Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology and Diabetology UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyCentral LaboratoryUniversity Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyInstitute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyCore Unit Systems MedicineUniversity of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanyEndocrinology UnitDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging CenterUniversity of Wuerzburg, W
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fassnacht
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002864:Chromogranins; D054751:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits / Q000235:genetics*; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000235:genetics*; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000235:genetics*; D049912:Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002864:Chromogranins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D054751:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits; C517757:PRKACA protein, human; D010450:Endopeptidases; C541534:USP8 protein, human; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; C406732:GNAS protein, human; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs