title: Alterations of the Neuroinflammatory Markers IL-6 and TRAIL in Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to identify biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in order to improve diagnostic accuracy at mild stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  AD patients aged >50 years were included in the disease group. We evaluated the relationship between potential blood and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive status, temporal lobe atrophy and disease severity. Inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-18, fractalkine and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels were measured. APOE genotypes were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 41 subjects in the disease group and 40 subjects in the normal control group. The majority (88.9%) of subjects in the disease group had mild AD. Elevated levels of plasma IL-6 and decreased levels of plasma TRAIL in the disease group were noted. Plasma levels of IL-6 and TRAIL were significantly correlated with their cerebrospinal fluid levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma IL-6 and TRAIL were identified as potential biomarkers of AD at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chunghua, Taipei ; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.
authors.forename: Ya-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Section of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei ; Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei ; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.
authors.forename: Jung-Lung
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shin-Kong WHS Memorial Hospital, Taipei ; College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.
authors.forename: Han-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyh-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Jee
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei ; Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Irene Han-Juo
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Cheng
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Biomarker; IL-6; Neuroinflammation; TRAIL