title: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Predicts Quantity of Hepatic Steatosis Independent of Insulin Resistance and Body Weight.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an acute phase protein strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk, and adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation among overweight and obese children with a wide range of hepatic steatosis.
  
  
  
  Plasma PAI-1 levels were measured in a prospectively recruited cohort of 39 overweight or obese children who underwent comprehensive anthropometric assessment and metabolic measurements. Hepatic steatosis was quantified using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and participants were divided into 3 groups based on whether they had normal hepatic steatosis (<5%), low hepatic steatosis (≥5%-10%), and high hepatic steatosis (>10%).
  
  
  
  Plasma PAI-1 levels significantly increased across the severity of hepatic steatosis in overweight and obese children, and this association was independent of body mass index z score, visceral fat, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Hepatic steatosis in children is positively associated with circulating levels of PAI-1 independent of body mass index, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of PAI-1 as a therapeutic target in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: *School of Medicine†Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta‡Biomarker Core Laboratory, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA§Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO||Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology¶Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY#Nutrition and Health Sciences Program/GDBBS, Emory University**Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Holzberg
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ngoc-Anh
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brunt
authors.forename: Craig J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: Juna V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Konomi
authors.forename: Gavin E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Arteel
authors.forename: Miriam B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Vos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human