title: Evaluation of an rK39-based immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human saliva.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical neglected disease endemic in 98 countries and affects more than 58 000 individuals per year. Several serological tests are available for VL diagnosis, including an immunochromatographic (IC) test with the rK39 antigen and finger prick-collected blood, a rapid and low-invasive test. Here, we investigate the possibility to use saliva as a non-invasive source of biological material for the rK39 IC test. Blood samples from 84 patients with suspected VL were screened by the rK39 IC test, and 29 were confirmed as being infected by a positive rK39 IC test and the presence of amastigotes on smears slides or parasite DNA (detected using PCR-RFLP) from bone marrow aspirate. The rK39 IC test using saliva samples was positive for 17 of the 29 confirmed VL cases (58.6%). The amount of Leishmania-specific IgG or total IgG, as evaluated by an immunoenzymatic assay, was higher in the saliva of patients who had rK39 IC test positivity using saliva, whereas the amount of Leishmania-specific IgA or total IgA was similar to the healthy donors. These results suggest that saliva is not an appropriated material for diagnosing VL with this test.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 S/N - Setor Universitário, 74605-050 Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 S/N - Setor Universitário, 74605-050 Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
authors.forename: N A A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 S/N - Setor Universitário, 74605-050 Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dorta
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 S/N - Setor Universitário, 74605-050 Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fátima
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, R. Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul, 64001-450 Teresina, PI, Brasil.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, R. Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul, 64001-450 Teresina, PI, Brasil.
authors.forename: C H N
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 S/N - Setor Universitário, 74605-050 Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
authors.forename: M A P
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D001769:Blood / Q000276:immunology; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C079253:K39 antigen, Leishmania