title: Element and chemical compounds transfer in bio-crude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae.
abstract: In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) experiments of Nannochloropsis and Spirulina were carried out at different temperatures (220-300 °C) to explore the effects of temperature on bio-crude yield and properties. The optimal temperature for bio-crude yield was around 260-280 °C. Transfers of element and chemical compounds in bio-crude were discussed in detail to deduce the reaction mechanism. The hydrogen and carbon recoveries were consistent with the results of bio-crude yields at every temperature point. The relative percentage of fatty acid in bio-crude decreased and the amine and amide increased for both microalgae with temperature rising. The N-heterocyclic compounds in bio-crude increased with temperature rising for Nannochloropsis, while decreased when temperature increased from 220 °C to 280 °C for Spirulina. Bio-crude gained at higher temperature or from microalgae with high protein content may contain high heteroatom compounds.
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Energy and Environment International Centre, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Energy and Environment International Centre, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Energy and Environment International Centre, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Zeyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Energy and Environment International Centre, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: yangxiaoyi@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry*; D004602:Elements; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D053545:Spirulina / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D004602:Elements; D014867:Water; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: Compounds transfer; Element transfer; HTL; Microalgae