title: [Circadian variation of clock gene Per2 and cancer-related clock-controlled genes in buccal mucosa carcinoma of golden hamster at different cancer stages].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the circadian variation rules of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled genes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 in different stages of carcinogenesis in buccal mucosa carcinoma and their roles in the development of buccal mucosa carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety Syrian golden hamsters were housed under. 12 h light/12 h dark cycles. Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) was used to establish the carcinoma model by smearing the golden hamster buccal mucosa. Before DMBA painting and after 6 and 14 weeks, the hamsters were sacrificed at six time points within a period of 24 h (i.e., 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after light onset), and the normal buccal mucosa, precancerous lesions, and cancer tissues were simultaneously obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were prepared to observe the canceration of each tissue. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53. Cosine analysis was employed to determine the circadian-rhythm variations of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA expression in terms of median, amplitude, and acrophase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of Per2, VEGF, P53, and c-Myc mRNA in three different stages appeared with circadian rhythms (P<0.05), whereas the Ki67 mRNA was expressed with circadian rhythm only in normal and precancerous lesion stages (P<0.05). The midline-estimating statistic of rhythms (MESORs) of Per2 and P53 mRNA were significantly down-regulated with the development of cancer (P<0.05), whereas the MESORs of VEGF, c-Myc, and Ki67 mRNA were up-regulated (P<0.05). The amplitude of P53 mRNA significantly decreased with the development of cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the normal group, the amplitudes of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, and c-Myc mRNA significantly increased in precancerous lesions and cancer tissue (P<0.05). In precancerous stage, the acrophases of Per2, VEGF, and c-Myc mRNA were earlier than that in the normal group, whereas that of Ki67 and P53 mRNA were delayed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The circadian-rhythm characteristics of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled gene expression of VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA have changed with the occurrence and development of carcinoma.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaoqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006224:Cricetinae; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
chemical_list: D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene