title: Translation and Validation of Enhanced Asian Rome III Questionnaires in Bengali Language for Diagnosis of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), diagnosed by symptom-based criteria due to lack of biomarkers, need translatedvalidated questionnaires in different languages. As Bengali, the mother tongue of Bangladesh and eastern India, is the seventh most spoken language in the world, we translated and validated the Enhanced Asian Rome III questionnaire (EAR3Q) in this language.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EAR3Q was translated in Bengali as per guideline from the Rome Foundation. The translated questionnaire was validated prospectively on Bengali-speaking healthy subjects (HS, n = 30), and patients with functional dyspepsia (FD, n = 35), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, n = 40) and functional constipation (FC, n = 12) diagnosed by clinicians using the Rome III criteria. The subjects were asked to fill-in the questionnaire again after 2 weeks, to check for its reproducibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During translation, the original and the backward translated English versions of the questionnaire demonstrated high concordance. Sensitivity of the Bengali questionnaire to diagnose patients with FD, IBS, FC, and HS was 100%, 100%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, considering diagnosis by the clinicians as the gold standard. On test-retest reliability analysis, Kappa values for FD, IBS, FC, and HS were 1.0, 1.0, 0.83, and 1.0, respectively. The Bengali questionnaire detected considerable overlap of FD symptoms among patients with IBS, IBS among patients with FD, and FD among patients with FC, which were not detected by the clinicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We successfully translated and validated the EAR3Q in Bengali. We believe that this translated questionnaire will be useful for clinical evaluation and research on FGIDs in the Bengali-speaking population.
authors.affiliation: Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Masudur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Uday C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Ghoshal
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: A H M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rowshon
authors.affiliation: Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Faruque
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Golam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kibria
authors.affiliation: Bangladesh Medical Research Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mahmud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kok-Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gwee
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Whitehead
keywords: Bangladesh; Constipation; Dyspepsia; India; Irritable bowel syndrome