title: High-flow support in very preterm infants in Australia and New Zealand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Randomised trials suggest that high-flow (HF) therapy is comparable with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for postextubation respiratory support in neonates, and HF has been widely adopted in neonatal intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based study of very preterm infants born <32 weeks' gestation within the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN) data set from 2009 to 2012, who received respiratory support with HF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3372 very preterm infants were treated with HF. HF use in this population increased significantly from 15% in 2009 to 35% in 2012. In 2012, 53% (542/1029) of extremely preterm infants born <28 weeks' gestation received HF. 98% (3308/3372) of infants had received endotracheal ventilation or CPAP prior to receiving HF. The maximum HF gas flow was ≤8 L/min in almost all infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HF use in extremely preterm and very preterm infants increased significantly within the ANZNN from 2009 to 2012.
authors.affiliation: Newborn Research Centre and Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Critical Care and Neurosciences Division, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: C T
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-5027
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Newborn Research Centre and Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Paediatric Infant & Perinatal Emergency Retrieval, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Newborn Research Centre and Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.affiliation: Newborn Research Centre and Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Paediatric Infant & Perinatal Emergency Retrieval, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009520:New Zealand
keywords: Infant, premature; Non-invasive ventilation; Respiratory distress syndrome, newborn