title: Catheter-based closure of residual leaks after percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of catheter-based occlusion of residual leaks after percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA).
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases of LAA closure at our center were reviewed to identify secondary interventions for residual leaks. Leaks with a width of more than 3 mm by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were considered relevant. In a case-specific approach, depending on the respective morphology of the defect, either an LAA occlusion device or an Amplatzer Vascular Plug was implanted under TEE and fluoroscopic guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between June 2003 and December 2013, 12 patients underwent residual leak closure. All procedures were technically successful and without complications. In 10 cases (83%), complete sealing was confirmed at TEE follow-up. In 2 patients, minimal gaps (2-3 mm) persisted and anticoagulation was continued. None of the patients had strokes during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous residual leak closure after attempted LAA occlusion can be done safely and with high procedural success rates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gafoor
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Dani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Id
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaskelyte
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bertog
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D019233:Retreatment; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: atrial fibrillation; left atrial appendage; left atrial appendage closure; residual leak