title: Competitive Degradation of Steroid Estrogens by Potassium Permanganate Combined with Ultrasound.
abstract: The occurrence of natural estrogens including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and synthetic 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), which can be excreted by both humans and animals, and can enter the aqueous environment along with the discharge of domestic sewage, is a major concern since this may represent a serious health risk to humans even at extremely trace levels (ng·L(-1)). Simultaneous degradation of three coexisting steroid estrogens (SEs) in aqueous solutions by coupled ultrasound and KMnO₄ systems (KMnO₄/ultrasound) were investigated to find out whether there is a competitive degradation of multiple contaminants or not. Results indicate that the degradation ratios of target SEs were all more than 50% after 120 min reaction contact, greatly enhanced when compared with the single KMnO₄ (2 mg·L(-1)) oxidation of E2 (37.0%), EE2 (34.4%), and E1 (34.0%), and the single sonochemical oxidation of E2 (37.1%), EE2 (31.1%), and E1 (29.7%). In the adopted processes, the degradations of SEs fit the first-order kinetic reaction, with different reaction rates. Kinetic parameters revealed there was little difference between coexisting SEs, which means there was almost no competitive degradation. The removal efficiency and degradation rate of SEs in natural water was higher than those in pure water, which suggested that the coupled KMnO₄/ultrasound technology had prospective applications in the removal of complex contaminants in actual drinking water treatment.
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. seudjing@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. kaitang57@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. zhushijun_2010@126.com.|School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. zhushijun_2010@126.com.
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. mayaner620@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. zkj1025@163.com.
authors.forename: Kejia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China. yali_song@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China. lxyhit@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China. leetsingsong@sina.com.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Hangzhou 361018, China. liuzhh@zjwchc.com.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China. zhoukj@163.com.
authors.forename: Kejin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D060766:Drinking Water / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004970:Estrone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D011196:Potassium Permanganate / Q000737:chemistry*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011196:Potassium Permanganate; D004970:Estrone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: KMnO4/ultrasound; coexisting pollutant; competitive degradation; drinking water treatment; steroid estrogens