title: Early pregnancy B vitamin status, one carbon metabolism, pregnancy outcome and child development.
abstract: Periconception supplementation with folic acid is recommended until 12 gestational weeks to prevent neural tube defects. Doses of folic acid contained in supplements and timing and length of use during pregnancy vary. The effects of status in periconception and pregnancy folate, cobalamin, betaine and their interactions on one carbon metabolism (1C), as well as the global effect of 1C on foetal growth and pregnancy outcome, are reviewed. Results from prospective studies are reviewed. Cessation of folic acid supplement use after the first trimester is associated with a sharp drop in plasma folate status and enhanced conversion of betaine to dimethylglycine. Dimethylglycine production is also higher in mothers with low folate status than in those with normal-high folate status. The effects of high doses of folic acid on one carbon metabolism in mothers with low early pregnancy cobalamin status and on foetal growth are also reviewed. Several studies report that moderately elevated early pregnancy fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is inversely associated with birth weight and a predictor of intrauterine growth retardation. There is also evidence for increased risk of preterm birth when maternal folate status is low.
authors.affiliation: Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Spain; CIBER (CB06/03) ISCIII, Spain.
authors.forename: Pol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solé-Navais
authors.affiliation: CIBER (CB06/03) ISCIII, Spain; Area of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavallé-Busquets
authors.affiliation: Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Spain; CIBER (CB06/03) ISCIII, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Ballart
authors.affiliation: Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Spain; CIBER (CB06/03) ISCIII, Spain. Electronic address: michelle.murphy@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D001622:Betaine / Q000097:blood; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood*; D012521:Sarcosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D001622:Betaine; D002244:Carbon; C025138:dimethylglycine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D012521:Sarcosine
keywords: Child development; Homocysteine; Pregnancy outcome