title: Unintentional Complications After Uneventful Rhinoplasty Operations: Case Reports and a Review of the Literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No surgical procedure is free of complications; however, some of these complications are unintentional. Plastic surgeons may be unfamiliar with certain complications after rhinoplasty operations. In this study, we aimed to present four unintentional complications that have occurred in our patients and review the literature related to these complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we conducted a review of 1400 patients who were operated on from 2007 to 2015. The medical recordings of all patients were investigated. Four patients with unintentional complications after rhinoplasty operations are presented and the related literature was reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases 1 and 2: These patients included a 26-year-old woman and a 30-year-old man who developed herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections after a primary septorhinoplasty. Case 3: This was a 25-year-old woman who developed periorbital emphysema after a primary rhinoplasty operation. Case 4: This was a 22-year-old woman who developed a second-degree burn on the nasal dorsum. All patients healed without sequel or scars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many unexpected complications have been reported in the literature. Some of these complications include bleeding disorders, allergic reactions, dermatitis, visual loss, gastric bleeding, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, false aneurysm after rhinoplasty, pneumocephalus, Tapia's syndrome, cavernous sinus syndrome, and skin reactions to prolene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meticulous patient histories, consistent surgical routines, careful radiologic examinations, and frequent patient visits can help surgeons control these types of complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Deartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, 06110, Ankara, Turkey. mukeke@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Musa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Keleş
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Mehmet AydınEducation Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: İbrahim Alper
authors.initials: İA
authors.lastname: Aksakal
authors.affiliation: Buleun Health Care Center Plastik Cerrahi Bölümü, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çağlayan
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Yağmur
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Küçüker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Complication; Rhinoplasty; Septorhinoplasty; Uneventful