title: Study on the psychosocial aspects of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in Japan: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the psychosocial aspects of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 16 patients who underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy at the Cancer Institute Hospital. Worry about cancer, emotional state and cancer-specific distress level were evaluated using a four-point Likert scale, the Profile of Mood States-Short Form and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, respectively, before and 1 year after the surgery. In addition, the subjects were interviewed regarding their expectation for the risk-reducing surgery, the effects of the surgery, and the recovery from surgery, before the surgery and at 1, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. A t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for the analysis, and literal analects were prepared for the interview and the answers were organized per question item using NVIVO10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that the total score for worry about breast cancer and ovarian cancer (P = 0.021) as well as the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (P = 0.021) were significantly lower 1 year after surgery, compared with the values before the surgery. Regarding the preoperative expectations for the surgery, the expectation for reducing the cancer risk was the highest. The reported effects of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy on life included the appearance of menopausal symptoms, a loss of motivation and poor concentration; more effects were reported at 1 year after surgery than at 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy can be effective for reducing worry about breast cancer and ovarian cancer and cancer-specific distress as well as contributing to a reduction in mortality from fallopian tube and ovarian related cancer.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shigehiro
authors.affiliation: Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ashihara
authors.affiliation: Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008594:Menopause, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D012306:Risk; D058994:Salpingectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; C551750:BRCA2 protein, human
keywords: BRCA1/2; HBOC; RRSO; cancer-specific distress; emotional state