title: Cefoxitin Plasma and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Concentration in Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antibiotic dosing in obese surgical patients has not been adequately evaluated. The objective of this study was to identify whether currently prescribed doses of cefoxitin achieve adequate and sustained plasma and tissue concentrations in obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective evaluation of plasma and tissue cefoxitin concentrations in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy was performed. On the day of the surgical procedure, venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected just before cefoxitin administration and then at 5, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after dose administration. In addition, subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected from the surgical site at the time of surgical incision and at closure. Cefoxitin concentrations in the collected samples were quantified by using an HPLC-ultraviolet method. A standard noncompartmental analysis was performed for each individual cefoxitin plasma concentration-time profile. In addition, the ratio of tissue to plasma concentration was calculated for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin were evaluated in 6 patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. The mean age and BMI were 48.7 (6.2) years and 42.8 (7.1) kg/m(2), respectively. At the time of surgical closure, subcutaneous adipose tissue concentrations of cefoxitin were subtherapeutic (<8 µg/mL) in all evaluated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current dosing strategies for cefoxitin in obese surgical patients may be inadequate, and there is an urgent need to define the appropriate dosage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey. Electronic address: brunetti@pharmacy.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.affiliation: NJ Bariatric Center, Springfield, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Aleksunes
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buyske
authors.affiliation: ID Care, Hillsborough and Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nahass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002440:Cefoxitin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002440:Cefoxitin
keywords: bariatric; cefoxitin; obese surgical; pharmacokinetics; sleeve gastrectomy