title: Non-pharmacological strategies to decrease anxiety in cardiac catheterization: integrative review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to identify and review the literature on non-pharmacological strategies used for reducing anxiety in patients receiving cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  this study was an integrative literature review. The research was conducted using the databases LILACS, SciELO, Medline (through BVS and PubMed) and Scopus. Studies were analyzed according to their objective, method, instruments used for evaluating patients' anxiety, and the results obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the most used strategy for reducing anxiety in patients receiving cardiac catheterization was music therapy. However, no study identifying the most appropriate time for this intervention (before, during and/or after the procedure) was found. Other strategies identified in this review were educational videos, massage, and palm therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the results found suggest that anxiety can be reduced using non-pharmacological strategies.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natany da Costa
authors.initials: Nda C
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ercília da Silva
authors.initials: Eda S
authors.lastname: Ramalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana de Lima
authors.initials: Jde L
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage; D009147:Music Therapy