title: The impact of self-monitoring in chronic illness on healthcare utilisation: a systematic review of reviews.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-management interventions have been found to reduce healthcare utilisation in people with long-term conditions, but further work is needed to identify which components of these interventions are most effective. Self-monitoring is one such component and is associated with significant clinical benefits. The aim of this systematic review of reviews is to assess the impact of self-monitoring interventions on healthcare utilisation across a range of chronic illnesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  An overview of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Multiple databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, AMED, EBM and HMIC) along with the reference lists of included reviews. A narrative synthesis was performed, accompanied by calculation of the Corrected Cover Area to understand the impact of overlapping primary research papers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 systematic reviews and meta-analyses across three chronic conditions, heart failure, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were included. Self-monitoring was associated with significant reductions in hospitalisation and re-admissions to hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-monitoring has the potential to reduce the pressure placed on secondary care services, but this may lead to increase in services elsewhere in the system. Further work is needed to determine how these findings affect healthcare costs.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK. hayley.mcbain.1@city.ac.uk.|East London NHS Foundation Trust, Trust Headquarters, 9 Alie Street, London, E1 8DE, UK. hayley.mcbain.1@city.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McBain
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Road, Fitzrovia, London, NW1 2BU, UK. mike.shipley@uclh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK. stanton.newman.1@city.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stanton
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D012648:Self Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*