title: 13C Tracer Studies of Metabolism in Mouse Tumor Xenografts.
abstract: Mice are widely used for human tumor xenograft studies of cancer development and drug efficacy and toxicity. Stable isotope tracing coupled with metabolomic analysis is an emerging approach for assaying metabolic network activity. In mouse models there are several routes of tracer introduction, which have particular advantages and disadvantages that depend on the model and the questions addressed. This protocol describes the bolus i.v. route via repeated tail vein injections of solutions of stable isotope enriched tracers including13C6-glucose and13C5,15N2-glutamine. Repeated injections give higher enrichments and over longer labeling periods than a single bolus. Multiple injections of glutamine are necessary to achieve adequate enrichment in engrafted tumors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Clinical & Translational Research Building, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, USA.
authors.forename: Teresa W-M
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Fan