title: MdSOS2L1 phosphorylates MdVHA-B1 to modulate malate accumulation in response to salinity in apple.
abstract: Salt-induced phosphorylation of MdVHA-B1 protein was mediated by MdSOS2L1 protein kinase, and thereby increasing malate content in apple. Salinity is an important environmental factor that influences malate accumulation in apple. However, the molecular mechanism by which salinity regulates this process is poorly understood. In this work, we found that MdSOS2L1, a novel AtSOS2-LIKE protein kinase, interacts with V-ATPase subunit MdVHA-B1. Furthermore, MdSOS2L1 directly phosphorylates MdVHA-B1 at Ser(396) site to modulate malate accumulation in response to salt stress. Meanwhile, a series of transgenic analyses in apple calli showed that the MdSOS2L1-MdVHAB1 pathway was involved in the regulation of malate accumulation. Finally, a viral vector-based transformation approach demonstrated that the MdSOS2L1-MdVHAB1 pathway also modulated malate accumulation in apple fruits with or without salt stress. Collectively, our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism by which MdSOS2L1 phosphorylates MdVHA-B1 to modulate malate accumulation in response to salinity in apple.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Da-Gang
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Cui-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China. haoyujin@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism*; D027845:Malus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054712:Salinity; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008293:Malates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012694:Serine; C406738:SOS2 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases
keywords: Apple; Malate; MdSOS2L1; MdVHA-B1; Phosphorylation; Salt stress