title: Tools and instruments for needs assessment, monitoring and evaluation of health research capacity development activities at the individual and organizational level: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past decades, various frameworks, methods, indicators, and tools have been developed to assess the needs as well as to monitor and evaluate (needs assessment, monitoring and evaluation; "NaME") health research capacity development (HRCD) activities. This systematic review gives an overview on NaME activities at the individual and organizational level in the past 10 years with a specific focus on methods, tools and instruments. Insight from this review might support researchers and stakeholders in systemizing future efforts in the HRCD field.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. Additionally, the personal bibliographies of the authors were scanned. Two researchers independently reviewed the identified abstracts for inclusion according to previously defined eligibility criteria. The included articles were analysed with a focus on both different HRCD activities as well as NaME efforts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, the search revealed 700 records in PubMed, two additional records in Google Scholar, and 10 abstracts from the personal bibliographies of the authors. Finally, 42 studies were included and analysed in depth. Findings show that the NaME efforts in the field of HRCD are as complex and manifold as the concept of HRCD itself. NaME is predominately focused on outcome evaluation and mainly refers to the individual and team levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial need for a coherent and transparent taxonomy of HRCD activities to maximize the benefits of future studies in the field was identified. A coherent overview of the tools used to monitor and evaluate HRCD activities is provided to inform further research in the field.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. johanna.huber@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. nepalsushil88@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nepal
authors.affiliation: Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. dabauer@med.lmu.de.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: bologna.lab, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin, Germany. insa.wessels@hu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Insa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wessels
authors.affiliation: Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. martin.fischer@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. claudia.kiessling@mhb-fontane.de.|Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany. claudia.kiessling@mhb-fontane.de.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiessling
mesh_terms: D057191:Capacity Building / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards