title: Synthesis of kenaf cellulose carbamate and its smart electric stimuli-response.
abstract: Cellulose carbamate (CC) was produced from kenaf core pulp (KCP) via a microwave reactor-assisted method. The formation of CC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen content analysis. The degree of substitution, zeta potential and size distribution of CC were also determined. The CC was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis. The CC particles were then dispersed in silicone oil to prepare CC-based anhydrous electric stimuli-responsive electrorheological (ER) fluids. Rhelogical measurement was carried out using rotational rheometer with a high voltage generator in both steady and oscillatory shear modes to examine the effect of electric field strength on the ER characteristics. The results showed that the increase in electric field strength has enhanced the ER properties of CC-based ER fluid due to the chain formation induced by electric polarization among the particles.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sinyee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shang Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hjchoi@inha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyoung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: szakaria@ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Sarani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chin Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chia
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004560:Electricity; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D048448:Phenylcarbamates; C065943:cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Cellulose; Electric field; Electrorheological; Suspension