title: Silencing of the gibberellin receptor homolog, CsGID1a, affects locule formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit.
abstract: Gibberellins are phytohormones with many roles, including the regulation of fruit development. However, little is known about the relationship between GA perception and fleshy fruit ontogeny, and particularly locule formation. We characterized the expression of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) GA receptor gene (CsGID1a) using quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridization and a promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay. CsGID1a-RNAi cucumber fruits were observed by dissecting microscope, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, genome-wide gene expression in young fruits from a control and the RNAi line was compared using a digital gene expression (DGE) analysis approach. The expression pattern of CsGID1a was found to be closely correlated with fruit locule formation, and silencing CsGID1a in cucumber resulted in fruits with abnormal carpels and locules. Overexpression of CsGID1a in the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant (gid1a gid1c) resulted in 'cucumber locule-like' fruits. The DGE analysis suggested that expression of genes related to auxin synthesis and transport, as well as the cell cycle, was altered in CsGID1a-RNAi fruits, a result that was supported by comparing the auxin content and cellular structures of the control and transgenic fruits. This study demonstrates a previously uncharacterized GA signaling pathway that is essential for cucumber fruit locule formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xingwang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Shudan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xinshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Huazhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005638:Fruit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005875:Gibberellins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D005966:Glucuronidase
keywords: GA receptor; cucumber (Cucumis sativus); digital gene expression (DGE) analysis; fleshy fruit; locule