title: Pathway analysis using (13) C-glycerol and other carbon tracers reveals a bipartite metabolism of Legionella pneumophila.
abstract: Amino acids represent the prime carbon and energy source for Legionella pneumophila, a facultative intracellular pathogen, which can cause a life-threatening pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. Genome, transcriptome and proteome studies indicate that L. pneumophila also utilizes carbon substrates other than amino acids. We show here that glycerol promotes intracellular replication of L. pneumophila in amoeba or macrophages (but not extracellular growth) dependent on glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GlpD. An L. pneumophila mutant strain lacking glpD was outcompeted by wild-type bacteria upon co-infection of amoeba, indicating an important role of glycerol during infection. Isotopologue profiling studies using (13) C-labelled substrates were performed in a novel minimal defined medium, MDM, comprising essential amino acids, proline and phenylalanine. In MDM, L. pneumophila utilized (13) C-labelled glycerol or glucose predominantly for gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while the amino acid serine was used for energy generation via the citrate cycle. Similar results were obtained for L. pneumophila growing intracellularly in amoeba fed with (13) C-labelled glycerol, glucose or serine. Collectively, these results reveal a bipartite metabolism of L. pneumophila, where glycerol and carbohydrates like glucose are mainly fed into anabolic processes, while serine serves as major energy supply.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Häuslein
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manske
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eisenreich
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.|Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hilbi
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000656:Amoeba / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D051379:Mice; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D012694:Serine; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol