title: Seroconversion Following Anal and Genital HPV Infection in Men:The HIM Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protection from naturally acquired human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies may influence HPV infection across the lifespan. This study describes seroconversion rates following genital, anal, and oral HPV 6/11/16/18 infections in men and examines differences by HPV type and anatomic site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men with HPV 6/11/16/18 infections who were seronegative for those genotypes at the time of DNA detection were selected from the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study. Sera specimens collected ≤36 months after detection were analyzed for HPV 6/11/16/18 antibodies using a virus-like particle-based ELISA. Time to seroconversion was separately assessed for each anatomic site, stratified by HPV type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seroconversion to ≥1 HPV type (6/11/16/18) in this sub-cohort (N=384) varied by anatomic site, with 6.3, 18.9, and 0.0% seroconverting following anal, genital, and oral HPV infection, respectively. Regardless of anatomic site, seroconversion was highest for HPV 6 (19.3%). Overall, seroconversion was highest following anal HPV 6 infection (69.2%). HPV persistence was the only factor found to influence seroconversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low seroconversion rates following HPV infection leave men susceptible to recurrent infections that can progress to HPV-related cancers. This emphasizes the need for HPV vaccination in men to ensure immune protection against new HPV infections and subsequent disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection Research in Cancer, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viscidi
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection Research in Cancer, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: B Nelson
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection Research in Cancer, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ingles
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection Research in Cancer, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Staci L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sudenga
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Center of Translational Research in Oncology, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Baggio
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection Research in Cancer, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrahamsen
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quiterio
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico ; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmeron
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazcano-Ponce
keywords: HPV; HPV antibodies; human papillomavirus; men; seroconversion