title: Radiographic evaluation of elbow incongruity in Skye terriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aims of this study were to radiographically evaluate elbow congruity and to explore associations between elbow incongruity and lameness in Skye terriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mediolateral, 90°-flexed, elbow joint radiographs were obtained for 45 Skye terriers. Elbow joint incongruity was graded mild, moderate or severe by measuring the width of the humeroulnar joint space. A questionnaire provided information on lameness history for each dog.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 49% (22/45) of the dogs had moderate or severe elbow joint incongruity which associated with lameness. Owner-reported lameness was common: 15/45 (33%) dogs had been lame when less than one year old, and 6 (14%) had been lame at an older age. All dogs presenting with lameness when older than one year had also been lame in adolescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lameness and moderate-to-severe elbow joint incongruity were common in Skye terriers and the two were associated. A novel protocol for radiographic screening of elbow joint incongruity of chondrodystrophic breeds is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyvärinen
authors.affiliation: 4Pharma LTD, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Junnila
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laitinen-Vapaavuori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D016916:Joint Deformities, Acquired / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity