title: Swine Model of Thrombotic Caval Occlusion Created by Autologous Thrombus Injection with Assistance of Intra-caval Net Knitting.
abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of a swine model of thrombotic inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion (IVCO) created by autologous thrombus injection with assistance of intra-caval net knitting. Sixteen pigs were included and divided into two groups: Group A (n = 10), IVCO model created by knitting a caval net followed by autologous thrombus injection; Group B (n = 6), control model created by knitting a net and normal saline injection. Venography was performed to assess each model and the associated thrombotic occlusion. The vessels were examined histologically to analyse the pathological changes postoperatively. IVCO model was successfully created in 10 animals in Group A (100%). Immediate venography showed extensive clot burden in the IVC. Postoperative venography revealed partial caval occlusion at 7 days, and complete occlusion coupled with collateral vessels at 14 days. Histologically, Group A animals had significantly greater venous wall thickening, with CD163-positive and CD3-positive cell infiltration. Recanalization channels were observed at the margins of the thrombus. By contrast, no thrombotic occlusion of the IVC was observed in Group B. The thrombotic IVCO model can be reliably established in swine. The inflammatory reaction may contribute to the caval thrombus propagation following occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.|Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Yin
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
authors.forename: Lan-Yue
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D002097:C-Reactive Protein