title: Tuberculosis screening outcomes for newly diagnosed persons living with HIV, Nyanza Province, Kenya, 2009.
abstract: METHODS
  Fifteen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in Nyanza Region, Western Kenya.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe routine tuberculosis (TB) screening and diagnostic practices among newly enrolled people living with HIV (PLHIV) prior to the implementation of World Health Organization recommended TB intensified case finding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart abstraction of PLHIV aged ⩾7 years who were newly enrolled in HIV care in July and August 2009, and who had not received antiretroviral treatment in the preceding 2 years or been diagnosed with TB in the previous year. Factors associated with evidence of TB diagnostic evaluation among symptomatic PLHIV were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1020 patients included in the analysis, 995 (98%) were screened for TB at enrolment and 613 (62%) reported TB symptoms. Ninety-six (16%) patients with symptoms had evidence of referral for TB diagnostic evaluation, including patients at large clinics, those with advanced HIV disease and those reporting multiple TB symptoms. Among the 43 (45%) with documented evaluation results, 26 (60%) were diagnosed with TB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although most PLHIV were screened for TB, very few underwent an evaluation, and the proportion diagnosed with TB was very low. Efforts to improve TB screening should focus on standardizing the intensified case finding algorithm and linkage to, and adequate infrastructure for, TB diagnostic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; KEMRI/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burmen
authors.affiliation: US CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: US CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.affiliation: US CDC, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muttai
authors.affiliation: US CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: US CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: KEMRI/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; US CDC, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control