title: The Efficacy of Preoperative Oral Tranexamic Acid on Intraoperative Bleeding During Rhinoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative bleeding is a common side effect of rhinoplasty which may impose the blood transfusion to the patients. As a result of risks and cost of blood transfusion, this study is planned to reduce blood loss in these surgeries. Since tranexamic acid (TXA) has been reported to reduce bleeding and subsequent possible need for blood transfusion, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral TXA on blood loss during rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 50 participants underwent rhinoplastic surgery. These participants were divided into 2 groups; 25 were randomly assigned to each 1. The patients in the first group received 1 g (2 × 500 mg) tranexamic acid tablets, and the patients in the second group received placebo 2 hours before starting the surgery. All patients were operated by the same surgical team and the same anesthetic techniques were used during the surgery. Gender, age, BMI, duration of operation, the amount of blood loss, and surgeon's satisfaction rate were the variables studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first group (TXA group) consisted of 11 males (44%) and 14 females (56%) and the second group consisted of 13 males (52%) and 12 females (48%). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of the variables between the 2 groups, except for the blood loss, duration of operation, and surgeon's satisfaction. The mean total blood loss was 144.6 ± 60.28 mL in "group 1" and 199.6 ± 73.05 mL in "group 2" (P < 0.05). Duration of operation in the first group was less than the second group (2.60 ± 0.53 hours vs. 2.99 ± 0.59 hours) (P = 0.017). The surgeon was more satisfied with the quality of surgical field and visualization in "group 1" (3.76 ± 0.72) than "group 2" (2.16 ± 0.50) (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative administration of 1 g oral tranexamic acid significantly decreased the blood loss in patients undergoing rhinoplastic surgery without any significant adverse effects.Iranian registry no:IRCT201312271674N10 (www.irct.ir).
authors.affiliation: *Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery †School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Eftekharian
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rajabzadeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D010919:Placebos; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D011292:Premedication; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013607:Tablets; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D010919:Placebos; D013607:Tablets; D014148:Tranexamic Acid