title: Recovery rate of multiple enteric viruses artificially seeded in water and concentrated by adsorption-elution with negatively charged membranes: interaction and interference between different virus species.
abstract: Viral concentration method by adsorption-elution with negative membranes has been widely employed for concentrating viruses from environmental samples. In order to provide an adequate assessment of its recovery efficiency, this study was conducted to assess viral recovery rates for viral species commonly found in water (HAdV-5, EV, RV, BAdV and CAV-2), quantifying viral genomes at the end of the five different steps of the process. Recovery rates were analyzed for several viruses combined in a single water sample and for each virus assayed separately. Ultrapure water samples were artificially contaminated and analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). High recovery rates were found after the final stage when assessed individually (89 to 125%) and combined in the same sample (23 to > 164%). HAdV-5 exhibited >100% recovery when assayed with human viruses and other AdVs, whereas BAdV and CAV-2 were not detected. These data suggest that recovery efficiency could be related to viral structural characteristics, their electric charges and other interactions, so that they are retained with greater or lesser efficiency when coupled. This protocol could be applied to environmental samples, since high recovery rates were observed and infectious viruses were detected at the end of the concentration process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, CEP 93352-000, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil E-mail: rigottocarol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andréia Dalla
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Vecchia
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, CEP 93352-000, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil E-mail: rigottocarol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rigotto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, CEP 93352-000, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil E-mail: rigottocarol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mayra Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, CEP 93352-000, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil E-mail: rigottocarol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda Gil de
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, CEP 93352-000, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil E-mail: rigottocarol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Isabel Cristina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Giehl
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, CEP 93352-000, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil E-mail: rigottocarol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernando Rosado
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Spilki
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D000327:Adsorption; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D014762:Viral Interference; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D015636:Magnesium Chloride