title: Analysis of simultaneous MEG and intracranial LFP recordings during Deep Brain Stimulation: a protocol and experimental validation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In order to gain insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS and to advance future therapies a better understanding of the effects of DBS on large-scale brain networks is required.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, we describe an experimental protocol and analysis pipeline for simultaneously performing DBS and intracranial local field potential (LFP) recordings at a target brain region during concurrent magnetoencephalography (MEG) measurement. Firstly we describe a phantom setup that allowed us to precisely characterise the MEG artefacts that occurred during DBS at clinical settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the phantom recordings we demonstrate that with MEG beamforming it is possible to recover oscillatory activity synchronised to a reference channel, despite the presence of high amplitude artefacts evoked by DBS. Finally, we highlight the applicability of these methods by illustrating in a single patient with Parkinson's disease (PD), that changes in cortical-subthalamic nucleus coupling can be induced by DBS.
  To our knowledge this paper provides the first technical description of a recording and analysis pipeline for combining simultaneous cortical recordings using MEG, with intracranial LFP recordings of a target brain nucleus during DBS.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, 12 Queen Square, London, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Ashwini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oswal
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ashwani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, 12 Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alphonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, 12 Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, 12 Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aston
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limousin
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foltynie
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ludvic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zrinzo
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: v.litvak@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Litvak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003344:Cortical Synchronization / Q000502:physiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D058542:Implantable Neurostimulators; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS); Local Field Potential (LFP); Magnetoencephalography (MEG); Parkinson's disease