title: Cadmium in edible mushrooms from NW Spain: Bioconcentration factors and consumer health implications.
abstract: Mushrooms do not constitute a significant portion of the human diet, but the consumption of wild and cultivated mushrooms has become increasingly in recent years. Some species accumulate high levels of toxic metals, both in unpolluted and polluted areas. In this study, we examined the accumulation capacity of cadmium in edible mushrooms in relation to certain factors and their possible toxicological implications. Cadmium concentrations were determined by an ICP-MS spectrometer in 238 samples of the fruiting bodies of 28 wild and cultivated growing edible mushrooms species and the underlying soil. The hymenophore (H) and the rest of the fruiting body (RFB) were analysed separately. The highest mean cadmium concentration (mg/kg dry weight) was found in Agaricus macrosporus (52.9 in H and 28.3 in RFB). All mushroom species accumulated cadmium in relation to the underlying soils. There were statistically significant differences between the hymenophore and the rest of the fruiting body (p < 0.001). Cadmium concentrations were compared to data in the literature and to levels set by legislation. It was concluded that consumption of our studied mushrooms is not a toxicological risk as far as cadmium content is concerned, although the species A. macrosporus should not be consumed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. Electronic address: mj.melgar@usc.es.
authors.forename: M Julia
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Melgar
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Lugo (CETAL), 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Bioconcentration factors; Cadmium; Edible mushrooms; Health; Soil