title: CKD Prevalence Varies across the European General Population.
abstract: CKD prevalence estimation is central to CKD management and prevention planning at the population level. This study estimated CKD prevalence in the European adult general population and investigated international variation in CKD prevalence by age, sex, and presence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. We collected data from 19 general-population studies from 13 European countries. CKD stages 1-5 was defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), as calculated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation, or albuminuria >30 mg/g, and CKD stages 3-5 was defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) CKD prevalence was age- and sex-standardized to the population of the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU27). We found considerable differences in both CKD stages 1-5 and CKD stages 3-5 prevalence across European study populations. The adjusted CKD stages 1-5 prevalence varied between 3.31% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.30% to 3.33%) in Norway and 17.3% (95% CI, 16.5% to 18.1%) in northeast Germany. The adjusted CKD stages 3-5 prevalence varied between 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7% to 1.3%) in central Italy and 5.9% (95% CI, 5.2% to 6.6%) in northeast Germany. The variation in CKD prevalence stratified by diabetes, hypertension, and obesity status followed the same pattern as the overall prevalence. In conclusion, this large-scale attempt to carefully characterize CKD prevalence in Europe identified substantial variation in CKD prevalence that appears to be due to factors other than the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
authors.affiliation: European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; k.brueck@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brück
authors.affiliation: European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Vianda S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Stel
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, St. Olav's Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hallan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völzke
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences/Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ärnlöv
authors.affiliation: Finnish Medicines Agency, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Kuopio/National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kastarinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland;
authors.forename: Idris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guessous
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Setubal Hospital Centre, Setubal, Portugal;
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinhas
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, Villejuif, France;
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stengel
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center/Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty/Department of Nephrology Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland;
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudek
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Levanger Hospital, Health Trust Nord-Trøndelag/The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway;
authors.forename: Solfrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romundstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Orense, Orense, Spain;
authors.forename: Alfonso Otero
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;
authors.forename: Aminu K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France;
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrieres
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology of Cerebro and Cardiovascular Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College Cork & Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland;
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Cardiologia ed UTIC, Mercato S. Severino Hospital, Salerno, Italy;
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium;
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Biesen
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy;
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoccali
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology/Graduate School of Medical Sciences and.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gansevoort
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology of Cerebro and Cardiovascular Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Gerjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany;
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rothenbacher
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Pietro Manuel
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.affiliation: Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and University College London, Centre for Nephrology, London, United Kingdom; and.
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nitsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.affiliation: European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Kitty J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jager
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: chronic kidney disease; clinical epidemiology; creatinine