title: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Different Concentrations of Triple Antibiotic Paste on Mature Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis.
abstract: Background and aims. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) is widely used in endodontics for root canal disinfection, particularly in regenerative procedures. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of TAP at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week intervals on mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Materials and methods. A total of 287 extracted one-rooted human central incisors were infected with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 after removing the crown and preparation. The root canal space was filled with one of the 0.01-, 0.1-, 1-, 10-, 100-, and 1000-mg/mL concentrations of TAP or normal saline (control). The root canal dentin was sampled after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The dentinal shavings were cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar plates after serial dilutions. The classic colony-forming unit (CFU) counting technique was used to determine remaining bacterial counts. Data were analyzed by using the two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests and one-way ANOVA (P<0.05). Results. TAP completely eliminated E. faecalis biofilms at all the intervals at concentrations of 1000, 100, and 10 mg/mL, whereas 1-, 0.1-, and 0.01-mg/mL TAP resulted in significant reduction of CFU means compared with the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the four time intervals. Conclusion. Use of lower concentrations of TAP at short term could eradicate E. faecalis biofilm and decrease high-concentration side effects.
authors.affiliation: Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Associate Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frough Reyhani
authors.affiliation: Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakouie
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salem Milani
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Soroush Barhaghi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shokri
keywords: Anti-bacterial agents; Enterococcus faecalis; root canal medicaments; triple antibiotic paste