title: Alterations in trace element levels and mRNA expression of Hsps and inflammatory cytokines in livers of duck exposed to molybdenum or/and cadmium.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of dietary Molybdenum (Mo) or/and Cadmium (Cd) on trace elements and the mRNA expression levels of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammatory cytokines in duck livers. 240 healthy 11-day-old ducks were randomly divided into six groups with 40 ducks in each group, which were treated with Mo or/and Cd at different doses on the basal diet for 120 days. On days 30, 60, 90 and 120, 10 birds in each group were randomly selected and euthanized and then the livers were collected to determine the contents of Mo, Cd, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zine (Zn), Selenium (Se) and the mRNA expression levels of Hsps, inflammatory cytokines. In addition, liver tissues at 120 days were subjected to histopathological analysis with the optical microscope. The results showed that the mRNA expression of Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly (P<0.01) upregulated in combination groups; Contents of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Se decreased in combined groups (P<0.05) in the later period of the test while contents of Mo and Cd significantly increased (P<0.01); Furthermore severe hepatocyte diffuse fatty, hepatic cords swelling, hepatic sinusoid disappeared, and inflammatory cells infiltrated around the hepatic central vein were observed in Mo combined with Cd groups. The results indicated that dietary Mo or/and Cd might lead to stress, inflammatory response, tissue damage and disturb homeostasis of trace elements in duck livers. Moreover the two elements showed a possible synergistic relationship. And the high mRNA expression of HSPs and inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the resistance of liver toxicity induced by Mo and Cd.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Feiyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Yilin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China. Electronic address: hgljx3818@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China. Electronic address: zhangcaiying0916@163.com.
authors.forename: Caiying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004372:Ducks; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D008982:Molybdenum; D007501:Iron; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Cadmium; Hsps; Inflammatory cytokines; Liver; Molybdenum; Trace elements