title: Aetiology of Paediatric End-stage Renal Failure in Jordan: A Multicentre Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to find out the aetiology of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in children in Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicentre retrospective study at five participating hospitals. Data collection included medical record review for age, gender, aetiology of ESRF, modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and outcome. End-stage renal failure was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 15 mL/min/1.73m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 275 children with ESRF: 131males and 144 females. The most common causes of ESRF in children were congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), 45.8%, heredofamilial disorders, 23.2% and glomerulopathies, 26.2%. Neurogenic bladder, reflux nephropathy and posterior urethral valve accounted for 16.8%, 12.7% and 4.0%, respectively. Amongst the heredofamilial disorders, primary oxalosis and cystic disease accounted for 8.0% and 7.2% of the aetiologies of ESRF, respectively. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common histological type amongst the glomerulopathies (10.2%), followed by mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (4.7%) and chronic glomerulonephritis (3.0%). The aetiology was unknown in 4% of the cases. The modality of dialysis included isolated peritoneal dialysis (PD) in 30.9%, isolated haemodialysis (HD) in 49.1%, alternating peritoneal and haemodialysis in 9.1%, transplanted in 8.7% and conservative treatment in 1.8%. Death occurred in 57.3% of PD patients versus 34.4% in HD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the aetiology of ESRF in children in Jordan. The most common aetiologies of ESRF were CAKUT 45.8%, heredofamilial disorders 23.2% and glomerulopathies 22.9%.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, E-mail: kachbl@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Akl
authors.affiliation: Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Albaramki
authors.affiliation: Queen Rania Children's Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hazza
authors.affiliation: Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haddidi
authors.affiliation: Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Al Bashir Government Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Mutah University, Karak, Jordan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ajarmeh
authors.affiliation: Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Al-Assaf
authors.affiliation: The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Al-Qadi
keywords: Aetiology; Jordan; children; chronic kidney disease; end-stage renal failure