title: Nitrated apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein AI ratio is increased in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have suggested that determination of HDL function may be more informative than its concentration in predicting its protective role in coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the major protein of HDL, is nitrosylated in vivo to nitrated apoAI (NT-apoAI) that might cause dysfunction. We hypothesized that NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio might be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in CAD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured plasma NT-apoAI and apoAI levels in 777 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by ELISA. Further, we measured plasma cholesterol efflux potential in subjects with similar apoAI but different NT-apoAI levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that median NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 327) versus non-diabetic patients (n = 450). Further analysis indicated that DM, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and C-reactive protein levels were independent predictors of higher NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio. There was negative correlation between NT-apoAI/apoAI and use of anti-platelet and lipid lowering drugs. The cholesterol efflux capacity of plasma from 67 individuals with differing NT-apoAI but similar apoAI levels from macrophages in vitro was negatively correlated with NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio is significantly associated with DM in this relatively large German cohort with CAD and may contribute to associated complications by reducing cholesterol efflux capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakillah
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Liye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoepfner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Marrit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA.
authors.forename: Xian-Cheng
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Halle, Germany; Paracelsus-Harz-Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. Electronic address: Mahmood.hussain@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: M Mahmood
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001692:Biological Transport; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Apolipoprotein AI; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Lipoproteins