title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduced the ratios of inorganic/organic arsenic in rice grains.
abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - Rhizophagus intraradices was inoculated to rice to investigate its effects on arsenic (As) uptake, grain As speciation, and rhizospheric As concentration of six rice cultivars grown in As-amended soil (60 mg As kg(-1) soil). The AMF inoculation induced either positive, neutral or negative responses in rice grown in As contaminated soil, suggesting that functional diversity may exist in AMF symbiosis when As is taken up and transferred. The ratios of inorganic/organic As concentrations in rice grains of all cultivars were significantly reduced by AMF, that involved the transformation of inorganic As into less toxic organic form dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in rice. AMF decreased significantly total As and inorganic As concentrations in rice grains of Handao 3. Positive correlations (R(2) = 0.30-0.56, P < 0.05) between As in the rhizospheric soil solution and As in rice grain at different periods were observed. This inferred that the As survey of soil solution can be an effective measure for evaluating As in grains.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Consortium on Environment, Health, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Consortium on Environment, Health, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China. Electronic address: minghwong@ied.edu.hk.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000502:physiology*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002101:Cacodylic Acid; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Arsenic speciation; Rhizosphere; Rice grain