title: Shoulder pain and disability index: cross cultural validation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Spanish version.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Shoulder Pain Disability Index (SPADI) is a recently published but widely used outcome measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 136 patients with shoulder disorders. SPADI was first translated and back-translated and then subjected to psychometric validation. Participants completed the Spanish versions of the SPADI, general health (SF-12), the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaires and a pain intensity visual analog scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factors explained 62.8 % of the variance, with an internal consistency of α = 0.916 and 0.860, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a Comparative Fit Index of 0.82 and a Normed Fit Index of 0.80. The Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation was 0.12. The x (2) test for the 2-factor model was significant (x (2) = 185.41, df = 62, p < 0.01). The test-retest reliability was high, with an item ranging of the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) from 0.89 to 0.93. The ICC for the total score was 0.91 (95 % CI 0.88 to 0.94). Measurement error by minimal detectable change (MDC)95 was 12.2 %. In the construct validity analysis, strong positive correlations were observed between Spanish Version of the SPADI and DASH (pain: r = 0.80; p < 0.01; disability: r = 0.76; p < 0.01). Moderate positive correlations were observed between Spanish Version of the SPADI and VAS (pain: r = 0.67; p < 0.01; disability: r = 0.65; p < 0.01). Moderate negative correlations were obtained between Spanish Version of the SPADI and SST-Sp (pain: r = -0.71; p < 0.01; disability: r = -0.75; p < 0.01). However, pain total Spanish Version of the SPADI was only weakly correlated with physical and mental components of SF-12 (both r = 0.40; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This Spanish version of SPADI demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in a patient sample in the hospital setting.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Section Rehabilitation and Traumatology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Membrilla-Mesa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciencies, University of Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Instituto de Investigación en Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Grupo de Clinimetria (F-14), Malaga, Spain. acuesta.var@gmail.com.|School of Clinical Sciences, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia. acuesta.var@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio Ignacio
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Vargas
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Section Rehabilitation and Traumatology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pozuelo-Calvo
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Section Rehabilitation and Traumatology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tejero-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martín-Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Morales
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires