title: Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in broiler chickens following different routes of administration.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) in broiler chickens following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and oral (PO) administrations at a dose of 15 mg/kg bodyweight. Plasma concentrations of OTC were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was then conducted. The absorption half-life time was 1.23 ± 0.36 h, 1.19 ± 0.52 h, and 0.49 ± 0.38 h after IM, SC and PO administration, respectively. The elimination half-life time was 27.41 ± 6.06 h, 10.23 ± 4.20 h, 7.83 ± 0.56 h, and 14.86 ± 9.23 h, and the mean residence time was 9.67 ± 1.7 h, 11.45 ± 1.76 h, 11.38 ± 0.59 h, and 10.37 ± 3.91 h after IV, IM, SC and PO administration, respectively. Bioavailability was 76.88 ± 12.90%, 92.20 ± 10.53% and 12.13 ± 4.56% after IM, SC and PO administration, respectively, which indicated that OTC is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: hubert.ziolkowski@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ziółkowski
authors.affiliation: Polpharma Biologics, Trzy Lipy Street 3, 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jasiecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuśka-Prot
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jaroszewski
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010118:Oxytetracycline
keywords: Bioavailability; Broiler chickens; LC–MS/MS; Oxytetracycline; Pharmacokinetics