title: Positive Adjustment Among American Repatriated Prisoners of the Vietnam War: Modeling the Long-Term Effects of Captivity.
abstract: A longitudinal lifespan model of factors contributing to later-life positive adjustment was tested on 567 American repatriated prisoners from the Vietnam War. This model encompassed demographics at time of capture and attributes assessed after return to the U.S. (reports of torture and mental distress) and approximately 3 decades later (later-life stressors, perceived social support, positive appraisal of military experiences, and positive adjustment). Age and education at time of capture and physical torture were associated with repatriation mental distress, which directly predicted poorer adjustment 30 years later. Physical torture also had a salutary effect, enhancing later-life positive appraisals of military experiences. Later-life events were directly and indirectly (through concerns about retirement) associated with positive adjustment. Results suggest that the personal resources of older age and more education and early-life adverse experiences can have cascading effects over the lifespan to impact well-being in both positive and negative ways.
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, & Boston University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, & Boston University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Lynda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut.
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, & Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine.
authors.forename: Lewina O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, & Boston University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Anica Pless
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, & Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine.
authors.forename: Avron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spiro
authors.affiliation: R.E. Mitchell Center for Repatriated Prisoner of War Studies, Pensacola, FL.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, & Boston University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Danny G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kaloupek
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, & Boston University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Terence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Keane
keywords: Prisoners of war; aging; later-life stressors; life satisfaction; lifespan; mastery; quality of life; social support; torture