title: Nursing philosophy: A review of current pre registration curricula in the UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nursing in the UK has been subject to criticism for failing to provide care and compassion in practice, with a series of reports highlighting inadequacies in care. This scrutiny provides nursing with an ideal opportunity to evaluate the underpinning philosophy of nursing practice, and for nurse educators to use this philosophy as the basis for programmes which can inculcate neophyte student nurses with a fundamental understanding of the profession, whilst providing other health care professionals and service users with a clear representation of professional nursing practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The key word philosophy was used in a systematic stepwise descriptive content analysis of the programme specifications of 33 current undergraduate programme documents, leading to an undergraduate award and professional registration as a nurse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The word philosophy featured minimally in programme specification documents, with 12 (36%) documents including it. Its use was superficial in 3 documents and focused on educational philosophy in a further 3 documents. 2 programme specifications identified their philosophy as the NMC (2010) standards for pre-registration nurse education. 2 programme specifications articulated a philosophy specific to that programme and HEI, focusing on caring, and 2 made reference to underpinning philosophies present in nursing literature; the Relationship Centred Care Approach, and The Humanising Care Philosophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The philosophy of nursing practice is not clearly articulated in pre-registration curricula. This failure to identify the fundamental nature of nursing is detrimental to the development of the profession, and given this lack of direction it is not surprising that some commentators feel nursing has lost its way. Nurse educators must review their current curricula to ensure that there is clear articulation of nursing's professional philosophical stance, and use this as the framework for pre-registration curricula to support the development of neophyte nursing students towards a clear and focused understanding of what nursing practice is.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackintosh-Franklin
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards*; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D006801:Humans; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D013338:Students, Nursing
keywords: Curricula; Nurse education; Philosophy; Programme specification; Review