title: Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle injection for oncological therapy.
abstract: The minimal invasiveness and precision of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has lead to both its widespread use as a diagnostic and staging modality for gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary malignancies, and to its expanding role as a therapeutic modality. EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis is now a well-accepted modality for palliation of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer. EUS-guided ablation, brachytherapy, fiducial marker placement, and antitumor agent injection have been described as methods of performing minimally invasive oncological therapy. EUS-fine needle injection may be performed as adjunctive, alternative, or palliative treatment. This review summarizes the studies to date that have described these methods. A literature search using the PubMed/MEDLINE databases was performed. While most published studies to date are limited with disappointing outcomes, the concept of a role of EUS in oncological therapy seems promising.
authors.affiliation: Jeremy Kaplan, Amaara Khalid, Natalie Cosgrove, Ayesha Soomro, Syed Mohsin Mazhar, Ali A Siddiqui, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Jeremy Kaplan, Amaara Khalid, Natalie Cosgrove, Ayesha Soomro, Syed Mohsin Mazhar, Ali A Siddiqui, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
authors.forename: Amaara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: Jeremy Kaplan, Amaara Khalid, Natalie Cosgrove, Ayesha Soomro, Syed Mohsin Mazhar, Ali A Siddiqui, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.affiliation: Jeremy Kaplan, Amaara Khalid, Natalie Cosgrove, Ayesha Soomro, Syed Mohsin Mazhar, Ali A Siddiqui, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soomro
authors.affiliation: Jeremy Kaplan, Amaara Khalid, Natalie Cosgrove, Ayesha Soomro, Syed Mohsin Mazhar, Ali A Siddiqui, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
authors.forename: Syed Mohsin
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mazhar
authors.affiliation: Jeremy Kaplan, Amaara Khalid, Natalie Cosgrove, Ayesha Soomro, Syed Mohsin Mazhar, Ali A Siddiqui, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
keywords: Cryothermal ablation; Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle injection; Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation; Endoscopic ultrasound-guided antitumor agent injection; Endoscopic ultrasound-guided brachytherapy; Fiducial markers; Photodynamic therapy; Radiofrequency ablation