title: Venomous and poisonous arthropods: identification, clinical manifestations of envenomation, and treatments used in human injuries.
abstract: This review presents the main species of venomous and poisonous arthropods, with commentary on the clinical manifestations provoked by the toxins and therapeutic measures used to treat human envenomations. The groups of arthopods discussed include the class Arachnida (spiders and scorpions, which are responsible for many injuries reported worldwide, including Brazil); the subphylum Myriapoda, with the classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda (centipedes and millipedes); and the subphylum Hexapoda, with the class Insecta and the orders Coleoptera (beetles), Hemiptera (stink bugs, giant water bugs, and cicadas), Hymenoptera (ants, wasps, and bees), and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vidal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haddad Junior
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Catanduva, Fundação Padre Albino, Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Cezar Haddad de
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: William Teixeira
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Haddad Junior
authors.affiliation: Clínica Privada, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Luiz Costa
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000145:classification / Q000506:poisoning*; D001181:Arthropods / Q000145:classification*; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D001180:Arthropod Venoms