title: Fish oil regulates blood fatty acid composition and oxylipin levels in healthy humans: A comparison of young and older men.
abstract: METHODS
  Increased consumption of fish oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with improved cardiometabolic health and inflammatory status; however, age-related responses remain poorly described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a placebo-controlled study, healthy young and older men consumed five fish oil capsules daily, providing 2.0 g/d EPA and 1.0g/d DHA, for three months. Both young and older men experienced a ∼30% reduction in blood triglycerides with fish oil supplementation. A significant group × time interaction was observed for DHA, with young men experiencing a ∼twofold increase in DHA in serum and RBCs, while older men showed negligible increases. Other fatty acids were differentially regulated between young and older men, most notably osbond acid and several saturates. Small changes were observed in serum oxylipins, with both groups of men responding similarly: 5-HETE was reduced, while PGF2α and 17-HDoHE were increased. Changes in oxylipins occurred independent of changes in whole blood expression of key genes regulating oxylipin production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that both young and older men experience the triglyceride-lowering benefits associated with fish oil supplements, but show differential responses in blood fatty acids. Additionally, fish oil promotes an improved oxylipin profile in both groups of men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zulyniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Kaitlin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roke
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerling
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Samantha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Lawrence L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Spriet
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mutch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D054883:Oxylipins; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: DHA; EPA; Omega-3 Index; Red blood cells; Serum