title: Incidence and impact of acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with coronary artery bypass grafting: Insights from the Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) and Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-recognized predictor of morbidity and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, the impact of AKI on the outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in relation to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 17,421 patients who presented with non-ST-segment elevation ACS or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction enrolled in the ACUITY and HORIZONS-AMI trials, 1,406 (8.0%) underwent CABG as principal treatment after coronary angiography. End points were measured at 1 month and 1 year and included death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization. Acute kidney injury was defined as a rise in creatinine of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL, or > 25%, from baseline at initial angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute kidney injury occurred during hospital admission in 449 (31.9%) of the 1,406 patients treated with CABG. One-month and 1-year mortality was 6.7% vs 2.2% (P < .0001) and 10.4% vs 4.3% (P < .0001) for patients with vs without AKI, respectively. Analogously, the 1-month and 1-year incidence of composite major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; death, MI, or target vessel revascularization) was 17.6% vs 12.4% (P = .003) and 22.0% vs 15.3% (P = .002) for patients with vs without AKI, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, and baseline creatinine clearance, AKI was an independent predictor of mortality (overall and cardiac-related) and MACE at both 1 month and 1 year in patients treated with CABG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute kidney injury occurred in approximately 1 of every 3 patients with ACS treated with CABG and is a powerful independent predictor of death and MACE. These data highlight the need for AKI prevention strategies in patients undergoing CABG.
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY. Electronic address: roxana.mehran@mountsinai.org.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Baber
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giacoppo
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gersh
authors.affiliation: Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guagliumi
authors.affiliation: Helios Amper-Klinikum, Dachau, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Witzenbichler
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magnus Ohman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pocock
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine