title: Degree of exercise intensity during continuous chest compression in upper-body-trained individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCO-CPR) is recommended for lay bystanders, fatigue is easily produced during CCO-CPR. If CCO-CPR can be performed at a lower intensity of exercise, higher resistance to fatigue is expected. Since chest compression is considered to be a submaximal upper body exercise in a steady rhythm and since the unit of load for chest compression is expressed as work rate, we investigated the possibility that peak work rate of the upper body determines the level of exercise intensity during CCO-CPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve sedentary individuals (group Se), 11 rugby players (group R), and 11 swimmers (group Sw) performed 10-min CCO-CPR, and heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured as indices of exercise intensity. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess potential relationships of upper body weight, peak lumbar extension force, peak work rate, and peak oxygen uptake recorded during arm-crank exercise with HR and RPE during CCO-CPR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values of peak work rate during arm-crank exercise (Peak WR-AC) in group Se, group R, and group Sw were 108 ± 12, 139 ± 27, and 146 ± 24 watts, respectively. Values of the latter two groups were significantly higher than the value of group Se (group R, P < 0.01; group Sw, P < 0.001). HR during CCO-CPR increased with time, reaching 127.8 ± 17.6, 114.8 ± 16.5, and 118.1 ± 14.2 bpm at the 10th minute in group Se, group R, and group Sw, respectively. On the other hand, RPE during CCO-CPR increased with time, reaching 16.4 ± 1.4, 15.4 ± 1.7, and 13.9 ± 2.2 at the 10th minute in group Se, group R, and group Sw, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only peak WR-AC affects both HR and RPE at the 10th minute of CCO-CPR (HR, r = -0.458; P < 0.01; RPE, r = -0.384, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of exercise intensity during CCO-CPR is lower in individuals who have a higher peak work rate of the upper body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifelong Sports for Health, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan. hisaoga@isc.chubu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifelong Sports for Health, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan. fujimaru@isc.chubu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fujimaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifelong Sports for Health, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan. kondo@isc.chubu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult