title: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection among twin pairs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the fetal/neonatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) status according to chorionicity and outcome in twin pregnancies diagnosed with CMV.
  
  
  METHODS
  An opportunistic diagnosis of CMV infection was performed in a tertiary referral center. All cases diagnosed in twin pregnancies (2006-2011) were included. Prenatal diagnosis was performed by CMV-DNA in the amniotic fluid (AF) of both fetuses only on the evidence of sonographic findings in either one or both twins. Neonatal screening was selectively assessed in symptomatic newborns, preterm, and infants born to HIV-infected mothers. Congenital infection was considered in the presence of CMV-DNA in AF, fetal tissues or newborn urine within the first 2 weeks of life, and symptomatic disease with clinical findings at birth or autopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of six twin pregnancies with congenital CMV infection were diagnosed, five dichorionic and one monochorionic diamniotic. Only one sibling was infected among dichorionic pregnancies, two diagnosed prenatally, and three after birth. In the monochorionic pregnancy, the diagnosis was performed prenatally and the two fetuses were infected and severely damaged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital CMV infection in twins might be related, among other factors, to chorionicity, and in DC twins a non-concordant infection can be expected.
authors.affiliation: a BCNatal-Barcelona Center of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan De Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) , Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Egaña-Ugrinovic
authors.affiliation: a BCNatal-Barcelona Center of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan De Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) , Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goncé
authors.affiliation: a BCNatal-Barcelona Center of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan De Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) , Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: b Microbiology Service, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre. Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain , and.
authors.forename: Maria-Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: a BCNatal-Barcelona Center of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan De Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) , Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.affiliation: a BCNatal-Barcelona Center of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan De Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) , Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Figueras
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000821:virology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital* / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014427:Twins; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
keywords: Chorionicity; congenital CMV; prenatal diagnosis; twin pregnancies