title: Illness invalidation from spouse and family is associated with depression in diabetic patients with first superficial diabetic foot ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To assess the prevalence of depressive disorders in a sample of diabetic patients with their first superficial diabetic foot ulcer. (2) To evaluate the association between illness invalidation from spouse, family, and depressive disorders in those patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depressive disorders and severity were diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Ι disorders, clinical version, and the spouse and family scales of the Illness Invalidation Inventory, respectively (3*I). Physical functioning was also assessed using the Physical Component of The Short Form 36 item health-related quality of life questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depressive disorders was 27.50% (22/80). There was a significant decrease in physical health component summary mean score and a significant increase in ulcer size, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, spouse discounting, spouse lack of understanding, and family discounting mean scores in the depressed group compared to the non-depressed group. Higher levels of spouse discounting, spouse understanding, and family discounting were significant predictors of diagnosis of depressive disorders and were strongly associated with increased severity of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients with first superficial diabetic foot ulcers. Poor physical functioning was associated with increased depressive symptom severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that illness invalidation from spouse and family is associated with diagnosis of depressive disorders and increased severity of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients with first superficial diabetic foot ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Psychiatry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt sehlo68@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sehlo
authors.affiliation: Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Owiss H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Alzahrani
authors.affiliation: Mohammad Hussein Al-Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Division of Vascular Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hasan A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alzahrani
mesh_terms: D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Illness invalidation; depression; diabetic foot ulcers