title: Human Adenovirus 36 Infection Increased the Risk of Obesity: A Meta-Analysis Update.
abstract: Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-36), as the key pathogen, was supposed and discussed to be associated with obesity. We searched the references on the association between HAdV-36 infection and obesity with the different epidemiological methods, to explore the relationship with a larger sample size by meta-analysis and compare the differences of epidemiological methods and population subsets by the subgroup analyses.We conducted literature search on the association between HAdV-36 infections and obesity in English or Chinese published up to July 1, 2015. The primary outcome was the HAdV-36 infection rate in the obese and lean groups; the secondary outcomes were the BMI level and BMI z-score in the HAdV-36 positive and negative groups. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated for the primary outcome; the standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for the secondary and third outcomes. Prediction interval (PI) was graphically presented in the forest plot of the random effect meta-analyses. Metaregression analysis and subgroup analysis were performed.Finally 24 references with 10,191 study subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The obesity subjects were more likely to be infected with HAdV-36 compared to the lean controls (OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.46, 2.74; PI: 0.59, 6.76; P < 0.001) with a high heterogeneity (I = 80.1%; P < 0.001) estimated by the random effect model. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the pooled OR of HAdV-36 infection for obesity were 1.77 (95%CI: 1.19, 2.63; PI: 0.44, 7.03; P = 0.005) and 2.26 (95%CI: 1.67, 3.07; PI: 1.45, 3.54; P < 0.001) in the adults and children, respectively. Compared to the HAdV-36 negative subjects, the SMD of BMI was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.47; PI: -0.53, 1.08; P = 0.006) in the HAdV-36 positive subjects with a high heterogeneity (I = 86.5%; P < 0.001). The BMI z-score in the children with HAdV-36 infection was higher than those without HAdV-36 infection (SMD = 0.19; 95%CI: -0.31, 0.70; PI: -2.10, 2.49), which had no significantly statistical difference (P = 0.453).HAdV-36 infection increased the risk of obesity. HAdV-36 also increased the risk of weight gain in adults, which was not observed in children.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Aerospace Center Hospital (M-YX, JY); School of Public Health, Peking University (BC, D-FW, Q-BL); Department of Ultrasound (J-HG); Department of Respiratory, Aerospace Center Hospital (K-LC); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China (MS).
authors.forename: Mei-Yan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Dong-Fang
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Kai-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Qing-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors