title: Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols Contribute to the Antioxidative Properties of Some Microalgae Species Grown on Industrial Wastewater.
abstract: This study aimed at investigating the potential of microalgae species grown on industrial waste water as a new source of natural antioxidants. Six microalgae from different classes, including Phaeodactylum sp. (Bacillariophyceae), Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae), Chlorella sp., Dunaniella sp., and Desmodesmus sp. (Chlorophyta), were screened for their antioxidant properties using different in vitro assays. Natural antioxidants, including pigments, phenolics, and tocopherols, were measured in methanolic extracts of microalgae biomass. Highest and lowest concentrations of pigments, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols were found in Desmodesmus sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornuotom microalgae species, respectively. The results of each assay were correlated to the content of natural antioxidants in microalgae biomass. Phenolic compounds were found as major contributors to the antioxidant activity in all antioxidant tests while carotenoids were found to contribute to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferrous reduction power (FRAP), and ABTS-radical scavenging capacity activity. Desmodesmus sp. biomass represented a potentially rich source of natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids (lutein), tocopherols, and phenolic compounds when cultivated on industrial waste water as the main nutrient source.
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute (DTU Food), Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. hasaf@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safafar
authors.affiliation: Residual Resources Engineering (RRE), DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 113, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. jovw@env.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Wagenen
authors.affiliation: Kalundborg Municipality, Udviklingsstaben Hareskovvej 14-16, 4400 Kalundborg, Denmark. per.moller@kalundborg.dk.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute (DTU Food), Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. chja@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018533:Biomass; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D024505:Tocopherols; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: DPPH; FRAP; antioxidants; carotenoids; microalgae; phenolic compounds; tocopherols; wastewater