title: A scoping review of the experiences, benefits, and challenges involved in volunteer work among youth and young adults with a disability.
abstract: To develop a better understanding of the experiences of volunteer work among youth with disabilities.
  
  
  
  A scoping review was undertaken to assess the benefits and challenges of volunteering among youth with disabilities. Comprehensive searches using six international databases were conducted. Eligible articles included: (a) youth aged 30 or younger, with a disability; (b) empirical research on the benefits or challenges of volunteering; (c) published in a peer-reviewed journal between 1980 and 2014.
  
  
  
  Of the 1558 articles identified, 20 articles - involving 1409 participants, aged 12-30, across five countries - met the inclusion criteria. Studies linked volunteering to the development of human capital (i.e. practical experience, improved self-determination, self-confidence, coping), enhanced social capital (i.e. social and communication skills, social inclusion) and improved cultural capital (i.e. helping others, contributing to community). Many youth with disabilities also encountered challenges - including lack of accessible volunteer opportunities, difficulties arranging transportation, and negative attitudes from potential supervisors.
  
  
  
  Young people with disabilities are willing and able to volunteer, and they report benefits of volunteering; however, they face many challenges in finding suitable volunteer positions. More rigorous research is needed to understand the health and social benefits of volunteering and how it can help youth develop career pathways. Implications for Rehabilitation Clinicians, educators and parents should discuss the benefits of volunteering with youth with disabilities and assist them in finding placements that match their interests and abilities. Managers and clinicians should consider incorporating volunteering into vocational rehabilitation programming (i.e. addressing how to find placements and connecting youth to organisations). Clinicians should encourage youth to take part in social and extracurricular activities to help build their social skills and networks where they can learn about volunteer opportunities. Clinicians and educators should advocate on behalf of youth with disabilities among community organisations to help break down barriers and reduce misconceptions and negative attitudes by showcasing the abilities that youth with disabilities have to offer.
authors.affiliation: a Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , Canada.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindsay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000379:methods*; D014838:Volunteers
keywords: Adolescents; civic engagement; review; unpaid work; volunteer youth