title: [Involvement of MAPK signal transduction pathways in regulating the expression of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in nasal polyp epithelia in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the upstream signal transduction mechanism responsible for the decrease of the ratio of the two glucocorticoid receptor (GR) subunits (GRα and GRβ) in nasal polyp in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GRα/GRβ decrease cell model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human nasal epithelia (HNE) of nasal polyp in vitro. Changes in the protein and mRNA expression of GRα, GRβ and the key enzymes in the p38MAPK, ERK and JNK signal pathways were measured, respectively, before and after being induced with different doses of LPS and specific inhibitors of p38MAPK, JNK and ERK. SPSS 16.0 software (Analysis of variance, ANOVA) was used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the LPS induction, the GRα/GRβ ratio declined in both a time-dependent manner and a concentration-dependent manner in HNE, which demonstrated the successful establishment of a GRα/GRβ decrease model in vitro. After cultured HNE were induced with the same set of LPS, the p38MAPK, ERK and JNK signal pathways were also activated. The mRNA expression of p38MAPK and JNK in each LPS-induced group (17.14 ± 1.50, 22.34 ± 2.78, 30.12 ± 1.07; 2.51 ± 0.13, 3.79 ± 0.67, 4.41 ± 0.83; 25.62 ± 1.77, 31.33 ± 1.97, 37.25 ± 2.46) was significantly higher than that (7.39 ± 0.31, 2.04 ± 0.34, 2.38 ± 0.35) in the control group (χ² value was 15.347, 18.331, 14.671, all P < 0.01). Either a specific inhibitor (SB203580) of the p38MAPK pathway or a specific inhibitor (SP600125) of the JNK pathway increased the GRα/GRβ ratio at the meantime of inhibiting their pathways. SB203580 exhibited a much stronger increase effect on GRα/GRβ ratio than SP600125. The specific inhibitors (PD98059) of ERK had no influence on the expression of GR isoforms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above results demonstrated that the decrease of GRα/GRβ ratio in HNE induced by LPS in vitro is mediated through the p38MAPK and JNK signal pathways. It is possible to improve the treatment effect of GC resistance in nasal polyp by targeting these specific signal pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Skull Base Surgery Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Zhenlin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Email: zhangqiuhang@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiuhang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; C411470:glucocorticoid receptor alpha; C121943:glucocorticoid receptor beta; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases