title: Maternal and fetal risk factors affecting perinatal mortality in early and late fetal growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the factors which affect the perinatal deaths in early and late fetal growth restriction (FGR) fetuses using threshold of estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 5(th) percentile.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included singleton 271 FGR fetuses, defined as an EFW < 5(th) percentile. All fetuses considered as growth restrictions were confirmed by birth weight. Fetuses with multiple pregnancy, congenital malformation, chromosomal abnormality, and premature rupture of membrane were excluded. Samples were grouped in early and late FGR. Early FGR fetuses was classified as gestational age at birth ≤ 34 weeks and late FGR was classified as gestational age at birth > 34 weeks. Factors which affect the perinatal deaths were analyzed descriptively in early and late FGR. The perinatal mortality was calculated by adding the number of stillbirths and neonatal deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 86 early and 185 late FGR fetuses, 31 resulted in perinatal deaths, 28 perinatal deaths were in early FGR, and three perinatal deaths were in late FGR. Perinatal deaths occurred more commonly in early FGR fetuses with an EFW < 3(rd) percentile. Prior stillbirth, preeclampsia, the degree of increasing vascular impedance of umbilical artery(UA) and uterine artery (UtA) showed significant correlation with perinatal death in early FGR. All three perinatal deaths in late FGR occurred in fetuses with EFW < 3(rd) percentile and severe oligohydramnios. Also, placental abruption and perinatal death was found significantly higher in increased vascular impedance of UtAs whatever the umbilical artery Doppler.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only EFW < 3(rd) percentile and severe olgohydramnios seem to be contributing factors affecting perinatal death in late FGR in comparison with early FGR.
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: demircioya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Demirci
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selçuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selçuk
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumru
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Reşit
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Asoğlu
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Didar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahmutoğlu
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Barış
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boza
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gürcan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Türkyılmaz
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bütün
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Resul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arısoy
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tandoğan
mesh_terms: D000037:Abruptio Placentae / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020567:Fetal Weight; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000453:epidemiology; D054238:Perinatal Mortality; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000502:physiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
keywords: fetal growth restriction; perinatal death; preeclampsia; umbilical artery; uterine artery