title: Synthesis of aromatic cytokinins for plant biotechnology.
abstract: Cytokinins represent an important group of plant growth regulators that can modulate several biotechnological processes owing to their ability to influence almost all stages of plant development and growth. In addition, the use of purine based cytokinins with aromatic substituent in C6 position of the purine moiety in tissue culture techniques is currently experiencing a surge in interest, made possible by the ongoing systematic synthesis and study of these compounds. This review article outlines progress in the synthesis of aromatic cytokinins, the in vitro and in vivo effects of these substances and insights gleaned from their synthesis. As the purine moiety in these compounds can be substituted at several positions, we examine each of the substitution possibilities in relation to the derivatives prepared so far. The discussion highlights the gradual simplification of their preparation in relation to their application in practice and summarizes the relevant organic chemistry literature and published patents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: lucie.plihalova@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plíhalová
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vylíčilová
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doležal
authors.affiliation: Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Vídeňská 1083, Praha 4 14220, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zahajská
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strnad
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011687:Purines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011687:Purines