title: Frontal Sinus Malignancies: A Population-Based Analysis of Incidence and Survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary neoplasms originating in the frontal sinus are rare. As such, existing literature describing frontal sinus malignancies (a subset of frontal sinus neoplasms) is limited. Prognostic implications of these malignancies are difficult to determine. This study seeks to analyze trends in epidemiology, clinicopathology, incidence, and survival for these rare malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective database analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SEER 18 database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; 1973-2012) was searched for frontal sinus malignancies from 1973 to 2012 and analyzed for demographic and clinicopathologic trends. The Kaplan-Meier model was utilized for survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 171 cases of frontal sinus malignancies were identified. Incidence was 0.011 per 100,000 individuals. The mean age at diagnosis was 61.1 years, with males constituting the majority of cases (61.4%). 80.1% of patients were white, 9.4% Asian, and 8.2% black. The average tumor size was 3.8 cm. The most common histology encountered was squamous cell carcinoma (39.8%). Overall 5-year disease-specific survival was 44.2%. Five-year disease-specific survival was highest for mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (72.3%) and lowest for adenocarcinomas (15.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malignant tumors of the frontal sinus are rare and are more common in males. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common entity encountered. Of the 4 most common histologies, survival is best for mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and worst for adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhojwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Aykut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unsal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Pariket M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dubal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Echanique
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Soly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA jean.anderson.eloy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jean Anderson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: SEER; cancer; epidemiology; frontal sinus; frontal sinus malignancy; frontal sinus malignant tumor; population-based; sinonasal; sinonasal malignancy; survival