title: Safety Evaluation, in Vitro and in Vivo Antioxidant Activity of the Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Maydis stigma.
abstract: This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity and safety of flavonoid-rich extract from Maydis stigma (FMS) in mice. The in vitro antioxidant activity of FMS was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Furthermore, the in vivo antioxidant of FMS against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in mice was determined by analysis of the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, liver tissue glutathione (GSH) content, and protein carbonyl (PC) content in liver tissue. The oral administration of FMS at doses of 30 g/kg did not cause death in mice, and there were no significant biologically adverse effects in mice. These results indicated that the median lethal dose (LD50) is higher than this dose. The IC50 values of FMS for the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity were 50.73 and 0.23 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, FMS could significantly enhance T-SOD activity, reduce MDA content in the serum, increase GSH content, and decrease PC content in the liver tissue at the tested doses (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg·day). These results indicate that FMS can be generally regarded as safe and used potentially as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China. pkz1994.3.1@163.com.|College of pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. pkz1994.3.1@163.com.
authors.forename: Ke-Zheng
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China. yangwt_1981@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China. zhl67@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, School of Public Health, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, China. pan4652405@163.com.
authors.forename: Shu-Xia
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Maydis stigma; acute toxicity; antioxidant activity; flavonoids