title: Esterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to pollutants: Analytical validation and effects evaluation by single and mixed heavy metal exposure.
abstract: The aims of the present study were to optimize and validate methods for esterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determination in mussel' gills, and to establish the relationships between these biomarkers and Pb, Cd and Cu pollution, in single form and ternary mixture. Two different buffers for sample homogenization, the need of ultracentrifugation, and analytical validation were evaluated. Coefficients of variation, when buffer without additives and ultracentrifugation were used, were <15%, and recovery were 97%-109% in all cases. The EA response tends to decrease with treatments, TOS decreased significantly in Cd and ternary groups, while TAC tended to increase in treatments with Pb, Cd and ternary groups. In conclusion, the methods for EA, TOS and TAC measurements in gills of mussel were precise and accurate and could be interesting resources in biomonitoring programmes.
authors.affiliation: Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus d'excel·lència "UAB-CEI". Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.affiliation: Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus d'excel·lència "UAB-CEI". Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain. Electronic address: asta@um.es.
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tvarijonaviciute
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D016877:Oxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004950:Esterases
keywords: Cadmium; Copper; Lead; Mussels; Oxidative stress; Ternary mixture