title: Solvent assisted formation of ruthenium(III) and ruthenium(II) hydrazone complexes in one-pot with potential in vitro cytotoxicity and enhanced LDH, NO and ROS release.
abstract: A set each of new bivalent and trivalent ruthenium complexes, [Ru(III)(HL)Cl2(EPh3)2] and [Ru(II)(L)(CO)(EPh3)2] (E = P (complexes and ) or As (complexes and )) were synthesised from the reactions of [Ru(III)Cl3(EPh3)3] with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde benzoic acid hydrazone (H2L) in methanol-chloroform and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral data and XRD study. A suitable mechanism to account for the formation of bivalent ruthenium carbonyl complexes from the corresponding trivalent precursors is provided by considering the role of added base in the reaction. Interaction of complexes with CT-DNA/bovine serum albumin was analysed with absorption and emission spectral titration studies. In vitro cytotoxic potential of the above ruthenium hydrazone complexes assayed against the A549 cell line revealed a significant growth inhibition. The test complexes added in IC50 concentration into the cell culture medium enhanced the release of lactate dehydrogenase, NO and reactive oxygen species in comparison with the control. Cell death induced by the complexes was studied using a propidium iodide staining assay and showed noticeable changes in the cell morphology which resembled apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Inorganic & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, India. dharmaraj@buc.edu.in.
authors.forename: Eswaran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
authors.forename: Sivalingam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalaiselvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
authors.forename: Viswanatha Vijaya
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Padma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Nattamai S P
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bhuvanesh
authors.affiliation: Inorganic & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, India. dharmaraj@buc.edu.in.
authors.forename: Nallasamy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dharmaraj
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012997:Solvents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012428:Ruthenium; D002725:Chloroform; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000432:Methanol