title: Examining Differences in Opportunity and Eligibility for Cancer Clinical Trial Participation Based on Sociodemographic and Disease Characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in opportunity and eligibility for cancer clinical trial (CCT) participation based on sociodemographic and disease characteristics. .
  
  
  METHODS
  A matched cross-sectional study including a prospective oral questionnaire and retrospective electronic medical record (EMR) review. .
  
  
  METHODS
  A single hospital in a large academic National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .
  
  
  METHODS
  44 Black or Hispanic and 44 Non-Hispanic White newly diagnosed individuals matched on cancer type and age (plus or minus five years). .
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants answered a questionnaire to capture self-reported opportunity for CCT participation, sociodemographic information, and cancer type. With consent, the authors completed a retrospective review of the EMR to assess eligibility and collect cancer stage and performance status. .
  
  
  METHODS
  Opportunity and eligibility for CCT participation. .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants (78%) had no opportunity for participation and were ineligible for all available trials. No differences were noted in opportunity for participation or eligibility based on race or ethnicity. Participants with late-stage disease were more likely to have opportunity and be eligible for CCT participation (p = 0.001). Those with private insurance were less likely to have opportunity for participation (p = 0.05). .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited trial availability and ineligibility negatively influenced opportunity for CCT participation for all populations. Levels of under-representation for CCT participation likely vary within and across sociodemographic and disease characteristics, as well as across healthcare settings. .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique roles of nurse navigators and advanced practice nurses can be leveraged to increase opportunities for CCT participation for all populations.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rearden
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Alexandra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Margo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brooks-Carthon
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sommers
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People
keywords: clinical trial; minorities