title: Oscillatory decoupling differentiates auditory encoding deficits in children with listening problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine whether oscillatory EEG responses to a speech stimulus in both quiet and noise were different in children with listening problems than in children with normal hearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed a high-resolution spectral-temporal analysis of the cortical auditory evoked potential in response to a 150 ms speech sound /da/ in quiet and 3 dB SNR in 21 typically developing children (mean age=10.7 years, standard deviation=1.7) and 44 children with reported listening problems (LP) with absence of hearing loss (mean age=10.3 years, standard deviation=1.6). Children with LP were assessed for auditory processing disorder (APD) by which 24 children had APD, and 20 children did not. Peak latencies, magnitudes, and frequencies were compared between these groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with LP had frequency shifts in the theta, and alpha bands (p<0.05), and children with LP+APD had additional frequency (p<0.01) and latency shifts (p<0.05) in the upper beta and in the lower gamma bands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence for differences in higher level modulatory processing in children with LP, and that APD is driven by differences in early auditory encoding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may better guide future research toward improving the differential diagnosis and treatment of listening problems in this population of children.
authors.affiliation: The Neurodynamics Laboratory, The Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Marion Downs Center, Denver, CO, USA. Electronic address: gilley@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Phillip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gilley
authors.affiliation: Audiology Section, Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Hearing Co-operative Research Center, Australia.
authors.forename: Mridula
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Speech Science, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Suzanne C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Purdy
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001308:Auditory Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004007:Dichotic Listening Tests / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: Auditory evoked potential; Auditory processing; Auditory processing disorder; Child development; Neural oscillations; Oscillatory coupling