title: Health promotion programme design and efficacy in relation to ageing persons with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health promotion has the potential to empower people to develop or maintain healthy lifestyles. However, previous research has visualised serious health and healthcare inequities associated with ageing, cultural affiliations and linguistic preferences. Therefore, this study was part of a larger health promotion project, set out to bridge barriers to health for ageing persons who have migrated to Sweden. More specifically, the present study aimed to elucidate the content and effects of multidimensional health promotion programmes in the context of ageing persons with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases were systematically searched to identify relevant randomised controlled trial publications. All potentially relevant publications were assessed for relevance and design and after this screening, a final sample of eight publications could be included in the review. Those publications evaluated six different programmes and a mixed-methods approach to data analysis was applied, using a combination of narrative synthesis, meta-analyses and evidence grading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings suggest a multidimensional health promotion programme design for ageing persons with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, involving culturally and linguistically modified activities and health information that should be provided by professionals with a person-centred approach. In addition, the meta-analyses revealed statistically significant effects in favour of health promotion on: general health, depression, mental health, physical health, and vitality. However, the evidence for the identified effects is low, and further research findings are likely to change the estimations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides an aggregation of health promotion intervention research with older persons with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds; a group of people who are commonly excluded from research, and marginalised when it comes to health and healthcare. By visualising the core components of health promotion programmes with proven efficacy, the findings provide guidance for further explorations of how health promotion should be designed to minimise inequities in health.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 455, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. qarin.lood@neuro.gu.se.|University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden. qarin.lood@neuro.gu.se.|University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (Agecap), Gothenburg, Sweden. qarin.lood@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Qarin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lood
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 455, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. greta.haggblom-kronlof@neuro.gu.se.|University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden. greta.haggblom-kronlof@neuro.gu.se.|University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (Agecap), Gothenburg, Sweden. greta.haggblom-kronlof@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Häggblom-Kronlöf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 455, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. synneve.dahlin-ivanoff@neuro.gu.se.|University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden. synneve.dahlin-ivanoff@neuro.gu.se.|University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (Agecap), Gothenburg, Sweden. synneve.dahlin-ivanoff@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Synneve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahlin-Ivanoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003144:Communication Barriers; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D044382:Population Groups; D013548:Sweden