title: Effect of Depression on the Risk and Severity of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Elderly Korean Men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of the risk and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and depression diagnosed by neuropsychiatrists according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria using an objective questionnaire within community-dwelling elderly Korean men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 392 men who completed urological and psychiatric evaluations as a participant in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging were included in this analysis. From each subject, an interview elicited demographic characteristics and medical history, International Prostate Symptom Score was ascertained, and a psychiatric questionnaire was completed. Subjects were analyzed with regard to depression and LUTS severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the subjects was 75 years, 22% were current smokers and 45% were heavy drinkers. Two hundred and twenty-nine subjects (59%) had moderate to severe LUTS and 6.4% of the subjects were diagnosed with major depressive disorders. Those with depression showed higher International Prostate Symptom Score and lower quality of life than the euthymic group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Severe LUTS was more prevalent in the depression group compared with the euthymic group (P = 0.01). Moderate to severe LUTS was associated with higher age, lower prevalence of hypertension, and higher prevalence of depression than mild LUTS. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified age, hypertension, and depression as significant prognostic factors for moderate to severe LUTS. Depression was the most significant prognostic factor. Depression was associated with 5.81-fold increased odds of having moderate to severe LUTS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older Korean men, depressive symptoms are associated with moderate to severe LUTS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Paick
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong Gon
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lho
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Jae
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnamdo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: depressive symptom; elderly men; lower urinary tract symptom; symptom scores