title: Rank-based biomarker index to assess cadmium ecotoxicity on the earthworm Eisenia andrei.
abstract: A proper soil risk assessment needs to estimate the processes that affect the fate and the behaviour of a contaminant, which are influenced by soil biotic and abiotic components. For this reason, the measurement of biomarkers in soil bioindicator organisms, such as earthworms, has recently received increasing attention. In this study, the earthworm Eisenia andrei was used to assess the pollutant-induced stress syndrome after exposure to sublethal concentrations of Cd (10 or 100 μg g(-1)) in OECD soil, after 14 d of exposure. Cadmium bioaccumulation and potential biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), phenoloxidase (PO), metallothioneins (MTs) and genotoxic damage were determined. Results suggested that the exposure to 10 and 100 μg g(-1) Cd significantly increased Cd bioaccumulation, MTs and MDA; 100 μg g(-1) Cd contamination evidenced significantly higher values of H2O2 content and PO activity; CAT activity was inhibited at the higher concentration while GST and Comet assay did not show any significant differences from the control. Rank-based biomarker index showed that both different contaminated soils had an effect on the earthworms and allowed to validate the ecotoxicological relevance of this battery of biomarkers for a promising integrated multi-marker approach in soil monitoring and assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy. Electronic address: onofriopanzarino@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Panzarino
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hyršl
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dobeš
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vojtek
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vernile
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bari
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Lillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008668:Metallothionein; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Bioindicator; Biomarker index; Cadmium; Earthworm; Heavy metal