title: Prolonged Tp-e Interval, Tp-e/QT Ratio and Tp-e/QTc Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiac electrical inhomogeneity may be the leading cause of the increased arrhythmic risk in patients with T2DM. The peak and the end of the T wave (Tp-e) interval and associated Tp-e/QT ratio are promising measures of ventricular repolarization indicating transmural dispersion of repolarization. The aim of this study was to assess ventricular repolarization in patients with T2DM by using Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/corrected QT interval (QTc) ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with T2DM and 43 healthy control subjects, matched by gender and age, were studied. All participants underwent electrocardiography (ECG) recording. PR, RR and QT intervals represents the ECG intervals. These are not abbreviations. In all literature these ECG intervals are written like in this text. Tp-e intervals were measured from 12-lead ECG. Rate QTc was calculated by using the Bazett's formula. Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean Tp-e interval was significantly prolonged in patients with T2DM compared to controls (79.4±10.3, 66.4±8.1 ms, respectively; P<0.001). We also found significantly higher values of Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with diabetes than controls (0.21±0.03, 0.17±0.02 and 0.19±0.02, 0.16±0.02, respectively; P<0.001). There was no difference in terms of the other ECG parameters between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were prolonged in patients with T2DM. We concluded that T2DM leads to augmentation of transmural dispersion of repolarization suggesting increased risk for ventricular arrhythmogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Golcuk Military Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey. alptugtokatli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alptug
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-3962
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokatli
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Clinic, Medipol University Medicine Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fethi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiliçaslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, GATA Haydarpasa Hospital, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yiginer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, GATA Haydarpasa Hospital, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzun
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Tp-e interval; Tp-e/QT ratio; Tp-e/QTc ratio