title: Study on the Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF- II) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Developing Rat Embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene expresses a family of transcripts in embryonic/fetal tissue, and also highly was expressed during hepatocellular carcinogenesis. In this study, we showed that IGF-II mRNA and protein levels are detected in rat embryo, HepG2 human hepatoma cells and Chang liver cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included sections of rat embryos 7~17 days post coitum (d.p.c), HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells. Using immunohistochemistry, Northern blotting and Western blotting, we observed the expression of IGF-II in the rat embryo, HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We localized IGF-II gene products in sections of rat embryo 7~17 d.p.c by performing immunohistochemistry. The IGF-II was mainly expressed in the proximal endoderm and ectoplacental cone between 7 and 9 d.p.c. At 10 d.p.c. the expression was localized at the heart primodium as well as the proximal endoderm, and at 11 d.p.c. the IGF-II was expressed in the liver and heart. After 12 d.p.c. and 14 d.p.c., the expression was also detected in the brain, muscle and bone, and head mesenchyme, respectively. While the expression of IGF-II protein was not detected in the normal adult liver, intense staining was detected in the heart, liver and choroids plexus at 17 d.p.c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IGF-II may act as an oncofetal protein during hepatocellular carcinogenesis and embryogenesis.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Koo
keywords: Embryogenesis; HepG2; Hepatocellular carcinogenesis; IGF-II