title: Faciomaxillary fractures in a Semi-urban South Indian Teaching Hospital: A retrospective analysis of 638 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of maxillofacial trauma is increasing at a very fast pace in developing countries like India and poses a major health burden. Hence, the epidemiological data of maxillofacial trauma during a 6 year period, was analyzed to study the characteristics, factors predisposing, and aid in advocating strict guidelines to prevent the same.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data related to 638 cases with maxillofacial trauma, from January 2008 to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively and the data regarding gender, age, etiology, anatomic location of fracture, alcohol consumption, associated head and other injuries, modality of treatment rendered and associated complications were analyzed with descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 638 patients presenting with 869 maxillofacial fractures were analyzed. Most of them [344 (53.9%)] were young adults aged 18-40, whereas, 123 (19.2%) were 11 to 17 years, and 97(15.2%) adults. Men (79.4%) were more affected than women. Road traffic accidents remain the main etiology causing fractures in 470 (73.6%), whereas 397 (62.2%) had history of consumption of alcohol. Those with alcohol intoxication had multiple injuries. Mandible was more frequently involved with 360 (41.4%) fractures, and condyle being the most common site. A total of 374 (58.6%) underwent open reduction with internal fixation under general anesthesia. Prevalence of other injuries was noted in 207 (32.4%) and complications of fracture treatment in 41(6.4%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Road traffic accidents under alcohol influence were most commonly associated with comminuted facial fractures with head injuries, frequently leading to death. Mandible was the most commonly fractured facial bone followed by zygoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rajasekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gali
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sathya Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Devireddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Kishore Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sridhar Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kanubaddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Chaithanyaa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nemaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akheel
keywords: Facial fractures; maxillofacial injuries; road traffic accidents