title: Vascularization after treatment of gingival recession defects with platelet-rich fibrin or connective tissue graft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the following treatment of bilateral localized gingival recessions with coronally advanced flap (CAF) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples were harvested from 14 subjects either 1 or 6 months after the surgeries. The 2-mm punch biopsies were obtained from the mid-portion of the grafted sites. Neutral buffered formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded 5-μm thick tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin eosin and Masson's trichrome in order to analyze the collagen framework, epithelium thickness and rete-peg length. Multiple sequential sections were cut from paraffin-embedded blocks of tissue and immunohistochemically prepared for detection of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31 and CD34, for the assessment of vascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rete peg formation was significantly increased in the sites treated with PRF compared to the SCTG group after 6 months (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the number of vessels was increased in the SCTG group compared to the PRF group after 6 months (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the collagen density. Staining intensity of CD31 increased in submucosal area of PRF group than SCTG group after 1 month. Higher staining intensity of CD34 was observed in the submucosal area of PRF group compared with SCTG group after 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that in histological evaluation because of its biological compounds, PRF results earlier vessel formation and tissue maturation compared to connective tissue graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRF regulated the vascular response associated with an earlier wound healing.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey. gulnihal_karasu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gülnihal
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-2802
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Alpdoğan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kantarcı
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sculean
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005337:Fibrin
keywords: Gingival recession; Histology; Platelet-rich fibrin; Subepithelial connective tissue graft; Wound healing