title: ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms among female Hungarian athletes in the aspect of sport disciplines.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the importance of two sport-associated gene polymorphisms, alpha-actinin-3 R577X (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D (ACE), among Hungarian athletes in different sports. The examination was carried out only on women (n = 100). Sport-specific groups were formed in order to guarantee the most homogeneous clusters. Human genomic DNA was isolated from blood, and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. To measure the differences between the participating groups, Chi-squared test was performed using Statistica 9.0 for Windows® (significance level: p < 0.05). In comparing the ACE I/D allele frequencies, significant difference was detected between water polo (I = 61.11%; D = 38.89%) and combat sports (I = 35.71%, D = 64.29%) athletes (p < 0.03). There was no statistical difference when ACE I/D alleles in combat sports and kayaking/rowing (p > 0.05) were compared. A similarity was detectable in the I allele frequencies of the water polo (61.11%) and kayaking/rowing (56.67%) groups. The ACTN3 R/X polymorphism showed no differences in comparison with the sport groups. R allele frequencies were higher in every group compared to the X allele. The potential significance of the ACE I allele in sports of an aerobic nature was not clearly confirmed among Hungarian athletes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bosnyák
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trájer
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Udvardy
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Komka
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Protzner
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kováts
authors.affiliation: Health Centre of Hungarian Defence Force , Kecskemét , Hungary.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Györe
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Sports Medicine , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pucsok
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmodis
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013177:Sports; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C118456:ACTN3 protein, human; D000185:Actinin; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE; ACTN3; elite athletes; gene polymorphisms; physical performance