title: Effects of chlorpyrifos on enzymatic systems of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) adults.
abstract: The control program of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in the Río Negro and Neuquén Valley is intended to neonate larvae. However, adults may be subjected to sublethal pesticide concentrations generating stress which might enhance both mutation rates and activity of the detoxification system. This study assessed the exposure effects of chlorpyrifos on target enzyme and, both detoxifying and antioxidant systems of surviving adults from both a laboratory susceptible strain (LSS) and a field population (FP). The results showed that the FP was as susceptible to chlorpyrifos as the LSS and, both exhibited a similar chlorpyrifos-inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The FP displayed higher carboxylesterase (CarE) and 7-ethoxycoumarine O-deethylase (ECOD) activities than LSS. Both LSS and FP showed an increase on CarE activity after the exposure to low-chlorpyrifos concentrations, followed by enzyme inhibition at higher concentrations. There were no significant differences neither in the activities of glutathione S-transferases (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) nor in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content between LSS and FP. Moreover, these enzymes were unaffected by chlorpyrifos. In conclusion, control adults from the FP exhibited higher CarE and ECOD activities than control adults from the LSS. AChE and CarE activities were the most affected by chlorpyrifos. Control strategies used for C. pomonella, such as rotations of insecticides with different modes of action, will probably delay the evolution of insecticide resistance in FPs from the study area.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, Químicas y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, (Q8300IBX), Neuquén, Argentina.|Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente y la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura Beatriz
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Parra Morales
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF/CONICET), Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA-UNSAM), San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Raúl Adolfo
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Alzogaray
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Alto Valle, General Roca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cichón
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Alto Valle, General Roca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, Químicas y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, (Q8300IBX), Neuquén, Argentina.
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soleño
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, Químicas y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, (Q8300IBX), Neuquén, Argentina.|Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente y la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina.
authors.forename: Cristina Mónica
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Montagna
mesh_terms: D015660:7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; D043182:Carboxylesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D007306:Insecticides; D009036:Moths / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; D015660:7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: acetylcholinesterase; antioxidant system; chlorpyrifos; codling moth; detoxification enzymes