title: Demographic, maternal, and infant health correlates of post-partum depression in Jordan.
abstract: This cross-sectional correlational study examined post-partum depression and its relationship with demographic, maternal, and infant health problems in urban Jordanian women. Participants (n = 315) were selected from five maternal child healthcare centers and one major hospital in Amman, Jordan. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to measure post-partum depression within 12 weeks of birth. A number of socio-demographic and health problems were examined for an association with post-partum depression. Results showed that 25% of post-partum women suffered moderate to severe depression and 50% of the sample had mild depression. None of the socio-demographic variables (age, education, employment, income) were significantly related to post-partum depression; however, two obstetric/infant variables (mode of birth and breastfeeding), were significantly associated with post-partum depression. There was a significant association between post-partum depression and 15 health problems of obstetric, gynecologic (i.e. episiotomy pain, infection), and general health conditions (i.e. fatigue, headache). Nurses and midwives need to emphasize post-partum depression screening, follow-up, and proper management of maternal and infant health factors predisposing to post-partum depression rather than merely focusing on women's inherent demographic factors.
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Reema R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Safadi
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Lubna A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Abushaikha
authors.affiliation: The University of Jordan, Clinical Nursing Department, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Muayyad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000473:pathology*; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007597:Jordan; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Jordan; correlates of post-partum depression; maternal health PHQ-9; perinatal mental health