title: Comparative scanning electron microscopy evaluation of Canal Brushing technique, sonic activation, and master apical file for the removal of triple antibiotic paste from root canal (in vitro study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Canal Brushing technique, sonic activation, and master apical file (MAF) for the removal of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) from root canal using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two single rooted teeth were instrumented with ProTaper up to the size number F2 and dressed with TAP. TAP was removed with Canal Brush technique (Group I, n: 6), sonic (EndoActivator) (Group II, n: 6), and MAF (Group III, n: 6). Four teeth served as positive (n: 2) and negative (n: 2) controls. The roots were split in the buccolingual direction and prepared for SEM examination (×1000) at coronal, middle, and apical third. Three examiners evaluated the wall cleanliness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Difference in cleanliness between three groups is statistically significant in cervical region only. Pairwise comparison in cervical region Canal Brush and sonic activation showed more removal of TAP than MAF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canal Brush and sonic activation system showed better result than MAF in the cervical and middle third of canal. In the apical third, none of the techniques showed a better result. None of the techniques showed complete removal of TAP from the canal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Deepa Ashoksingh
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gade
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jogad
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Aparajita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinkar
keywords: Canal Brush; master apical file; sonic activation; triple antibiotic paste