title: Assessment of higher level cognitive-communication functions in adolescents with ABI: Standardization of the student version of the functional assessment of verbal reasoning and executive strategies (S-FAVRES).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood acquired brain injuries can disrupt communication functions needed for success in school, work and social interaction. Cognitive-communication difficulties may not be apparent until adolescence, when academic, environmental and social-emotional demands increase.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies for Students (S-FAVRES) is a new activity-level measure of cognitive-communication skills in complex, contextual and integrative tasks that simulate real world communication challenges. It is hypothesized that S-FAVRES performance would differentiate adolescents with and without acquired brain injury (ABI) on scores for Accuracy, Rationale, Reasoning Subskills and Time.
  
  
  METHODS
  S-FAVRES was administered to 182 typically-developing (TD) and 57 adolescents with mild-to-severe ABI aged 12-19. Group differences, internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, reliability and contributing factors to performance (age, gender, brain injury) were examined statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those with ABI attained statistically lower Accuracy, Rationale and Reasoning sub-skills scores than their TD peers. Time scores were not significantly different. Performance trends were consistent across tasks, administrations, gender and age groups. Inter-rater reliability for scoring was acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The S-FAVRES provides a reliable, functional and quantifiable measure of subtle cognitive-communication difficulties in adolescents that can assist speech-language pathologists in planning treatment and integration to school and real world communication.
authors.affiliation: a Sheila MacDonald & Associates , Guelph , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive-communication; acquired brain injury; adolescent; assessment; communication; concussion; executive functions; mTBI; mild brain injury; paediatric; reasoning