title: Evaluation of red blood cell and platelet antigen genotyping platforms (ID CORE XT/ID HPA XT) in routine clinical practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-throughput genotyping platforms enable simultaneous analysis of multiple polymorphisms for blood group typing. BLOODchip® ID is a genotyping platform based on Luminex® xMAP technology for simultaneous determination of 37 red blood cell (RBC) antigens (ID CORE XT) and 18 human platelet antigens (HPA) (ID HPA XT) using the BIDS XT software.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this international multicentre study, the performance of ID CORE XT and ID HPA XT, using the centres' current genotyping methods as the reference for comparison, and the usability and practicality of these systems, were evaluated under working laboratory conditions. DNA was extracted from whole blood in EDTA with Qiagen methodologies. Ninety-six previously phenotyped/genotyped samples were processed per assay: 87 testing samples plus five positive controls and four negative controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results were available for 519 samples: 258 with ID CORE XT and 261 with ID HPA XT. There were three "no calls" that were either caused by human error or resolved after repeating the test. Agreement between the tests and reference methods was 99.94% for ID CORE XT (9,540/9,546 antigens determined) and 100% for ID HPA XT (all 4,698 alleles determined). There were six discrepancies in antigen results in five RBC samples, four of which (in VS, N, S and Do(a)) could not be investigated due to lack of sufficient sample to perform additional tests and two of which (in S and C) were resolved in favour of ID CORE XT (100% accuracy). The total hands-on time was 28-41 minutes for a batch of 16 samples. Compared with the reference platforms, ID CORE XT and ID HPA XT were considered simpler to use and had shorter processing times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ID CORE XT and ID HPA XT genotyping platforms for RBC and platelet systems were accurate and user-friendly in working laboratory settings.
authors.affiliation: IBGRL, Filton NHSBT, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kirstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Finning
authors.affiliation: Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Platelet and Granulocyte Reference Laboratory, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.affiliation: Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Platelet and Granulocyte Reference Laboratory, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.affiliation: Immunohematology Reference Laboratory, Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Revelli
authors.affiliation: Immunohematology Reference Laboratory, Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Immunohematology Reference Laboratory of the Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muñiz-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Immunohematology Reference Laboratory of the Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nogués
mesh_terms: D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet / Q000235:genetics*; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet