title: Alcohol's Burden on Immunity Following Burn, Hemorrhagic Shock, or Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Alcohol consumption contributes to increased incidence and severity of traumatic injury. Compared with patients who do not consume alcohol, alcohol-consuming patients have higher rates of long-term morbidity and mortality during recovery from injury. This can be attributed in part to an impaired immune response in individuals who consume alcohol. Acute and chronic alcohol use can affect both the innate and adaptive immune defense responses within multiple organ systems; the combination of alcohol use and injury results in increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral pathogens. This review examines the major deleterious effects of alcohol on immunity following tissue damage or traumatic injury, with a focus on alcohol's influence on the ability of the immune and major organ systems to fight disease and to repair damaged tissues following injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Paige S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Souza-Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Sophie X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Tracy Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Maxi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Jacques P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mayeux
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000276:immunology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*