title: 3D bioprinting of BMSC-laden methacrylamide gelatin scaffolds with CBD-BMP2-collagen microfibers.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting combines biomaterials, cells and functional components into complex living tissues. Herein, we assembled function-control modules into cell-laden scaffolds using 3D bioprinting. A customized 3D printer was able to tune the microstructure of printed bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-laden methacrylamide gelatin scaffolds at the micrometer scale. For example, the pore size was adjusted to 282 ± 32 μm and 363 ± 60 μm. To match the requirements of the printing nozzle, collagen microfibers with a length of 22 ± 13 μm were prepared with a high-speed crusher. Collagen microfibers bound bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) with a collagen binding domain (CBD) as differentiation-control module, from which BMP2 was able to be controllably released. The differentiation behaviors of BMSCs in the printed scaffolds were compared in three microenvironments: samples without CBD-BMP2-collagen microfibers in the growth medium, samples without microfibers in the osteogenic medium and samples with microfibers in the growth medium. The results indicated that BMSCs showed high cell viability (>90%) during printing; CBD-BMP2-collagen microfibers induced BMSC differentiation into osteocytes within 14 days more efficiently than the osteogenic medium. Our studies suggest that these function-control modules are attractive biomaterials and have potential applications in 3D bioprinting.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. ZonHon Biopharma Institute, Inc., Changzhou 213022, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingchun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qingyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Sumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiongfei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D062028:Bioprinting / Q000379:methods*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D034421:Sus scrofa; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D005780:Gelatin; D003094:Collagen; C045985:methacrylamide