title: Hepatitis C virus infection in inclusion body myositis: A case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify whether there is any association between inclusion body myositis (IBM) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the prevalence of HCV infection in 114 patients with IBM whose muscle biopsies were analyzed pathologically for diagnostic purpose from 2002 to 2012 and in 44 age-matched patients with polymyositis diagnosed in the same period as a control by administering a questionnaire survey to the physicians in charge. We also compared clinicopathologic features including the duration from onset to development of representative symptoms of IBM and the extent of representative pathologic changes between patients with IBM with and without HCV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher number of patients with IBM (28%) had anti-HCV antibodies as compared with patients with polymyositis (4.5%; odds ratio 8.2, 95% confidence interval 1.9-36) and the general Japanese population in their 60s (3.4%). Furthermore, between patients with IBM with and without HCV infection, we did not find any significant difference in the clinicopathologic features, indicating that the 2 groups have essentially the same disease regardless of HCV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide the statistical evidence for an association between IBM and HCV infection, suggesting a possible pathomechanistic link between the 2 conditions.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., I. Nishino), and the Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., R.S.T., T.Y., I. Nonaka, I. Nishino), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira; and the Department of Pathophysiology (Y.K.H.), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uruha
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., I. Nishino), and the Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., R.S.T., T.Y., I. Nonaka, I. Nishino), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira; and the Department of Pathophysiology (Y.K.H.), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., I. Nishino), and the Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., R.S.T., T.Y., I. Nonaka, I. Nishino), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira; and the Department of Pathophysiology (Y.K.H.), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., I. Nishino), and the Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., R.S.T., T.Y., I. Nonaka, I. Nishino), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira; and the Department of Pathophysiology (Y.K.H.), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tsuburaya
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., I. Nishino), and the Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., R.S.T., T.Y., I. Nonaka, I. Nishino), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira; and the Department of Pathophysiology (Y.K.H.), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonekawa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., I. Nishino), and the Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., R.S.T., T.Y., I. Nonaka, I. Nishino), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira; and the Department of Pathophysiology (Y.K.H.), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., I. Nishino), and the Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (A.U., S.N., Y.K.H., R.S.T., T.Y., I. Nonaka, I. Nishino), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira; and the Department of Pathophysiology (Y.K.H.), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. nishino@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Ichizo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018979:Myositis, Inclusion Body / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies