title: Assessing the use of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital as a clinical plaque assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to compare the relationship between red fluorescent plaque (RF plaque) area by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) and disclosed plaque area by two-tone disclosure, and to assess the bacterial composition of the RF plaque by real time-PCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty healthy subjects were included and 600 facial surfaces of their anterior teeth were examined. QLF-D was taken on two separate occasions (before and after disclosing), and the RF plaque area was calculated based on Plaque Percent Index (PPI). After disclosing, the stained plaque area was analyzed to investigate the relationship with the RF plaque area. The relationship was evaluated using Pearson correlation and paired t-test. Then, the RF and non-red fluorescent (non-RF) plaque samples were obtained from the same subject for real-time PCR test. Total 10 plaque samples were compared the ratio of the 6 of bacteria using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the paired t-test, the blue-staining plaque area (9.3±9.2) showed significantly similarity with the RF plaque area (9.1±14.9, p=0.80) at ΔR20, however, the red-staining plaque area (31.6±20.9) presented difference from the RF plaque area (p<0.0001). In addition, bacterial composition of Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus anginosus was associated with substantially more the RF plaque than the non-RF plaque (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plaque assessment method using QLF-D has potential to detect mature plaque, and the plaque area was associated with the blue-staining area using two-tone disclosure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dental Hygiene, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Youn
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Oral Science Research Center, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: drkbi@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Baek-Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D034366:Streptococcus anginosus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Fluorescence; Mature plaque; Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-digital