title: Binary and Tertiary Mixtures of Satureja hortensis and Origanum vulgare Essential Oils as Potent Antimicrobial Agents Against Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: Essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity, even against multiresistant Helicobacter pylori. Available therapies against H. pylori infection have multiple disadvantages, indicating a great need for a development of new therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to develop a potent natural product based anti-H. pylori formulation. First, anti-H. pylori activity of nine essential oils was determined, after which the most active oils were mixed in various ratios for further testing. Satureja hortensis, Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum essential oils expressed the highest activity (MIC = 2 μL mL(-1)). Their binary and ternary mixtures exhibited notably higher antimicrobial activity (MIC ≤ 2 μL mL(-1)). The most active was the mixture of S. hortensis and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum oils in volume ratio 2:1, which expressed 4 times higher activity than individual oils (MIC = 0.5 μL mL(-1)). According to GC-MS, both oils in the mixture were characterized by high content of phenols (48-73%), with carvacrol as the main carrier of antimicrobial activity. Presented in vitro study pointed out binary mixture of S. hortensis and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum essential oils in volume ratio 2:1 as promising candidate for further in vivo studies targeting H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lesjak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orcic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franciskovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Petar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knezevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Verica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aleksic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Emilija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svircev
authors.affiliation: Tumorimmunology and Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Temesvari krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.|Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buzas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mimica-Dukic
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081007:Cymenes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum; Satureja hortensis; antimicrobial activity; carvacrol; essential oils