title: Study on Equity and Efficiency of Health Resources and Services Based on Key Indicators in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to evaluate the dialectical relationship between equity and efficiency of health resource allocation and health service utilization in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the inequity of health resource allocation and health service utilization based on concentration index (CI) and Gini coefficient. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the inefficiency of resource allocation and service utilization. Factor Analysis (FA) was used to determine input/output indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CI of Health Institutions, Beds in Health Institutions, Health Professionals and Outpatient Visits were -0.116, -0.012, 0.038, and 0.111, respectively. Gini coefficient for the 31 provinces varied between 0.05 and 0.43; out of these 23 (742%) were observed to be technically efficient constituting the "best practice frontier". The other 8 (25.8%) provinces were technically inefficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals and outpatient services are focused on higher income levels, while the Health Institutions and Beds in Health Institutions were concentrated on lower income levels. In China, a few provinces attained a basic balance in both equity and efficiency in terms of current health resource and service utilization, thus serving as a reference standard for other provinces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yaogang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003697:Delphi Technique; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006296:Health Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040841:Resource Allocation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data