title: Three-dimensional echocardiography of congenital abnormalities of the left atrioventricular valve.
abstract: Congenital abnormalities of the left atrioventricular (AV) valve are a significant diagnostic challenge. Traditionally, reliance has been placed on two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) imaging to guide recognition of the specific morphological features. Real-time 3DE can provide unique views of the left AV valve with the potential to improve understanding of valve morphology and function to facilitate surgical planning. This review illustrates the features of congenital abnormalities of the left AV valve assessed by 3DE. The similarities and differences in morphology between different lesions are described, both with respect to the valve itself and supporting chordal apparatus. The potential advantages as well as limitations of this technique in clinical practice are outlined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust , Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH , UK.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust , Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH , UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
keywords: atrioventricular septal defect; congenital heart disease; congenital mitral valve lesions; left atrioventricular valve; mitral valve; three-dimensional echocardiography