title: Antifungal Activity of Condensed Tannins from Stryphnodendron adstringens: Effect on Candida tropicalis Growth and Adhesion Properties.
abstract: Candida species are some of the most common causes of fungal infection worldwide. The limited efficacy of clinically available antifungals warrants the search for new compounds for treating candidiasis. This study evaluated the effect of condensed tannin-rich fraction (F2 fraction) of Stryphnodendron adstringens on in vitro and in vivo growth of Candida tropicalis, and on yeast adhesion properties. F2 exhibited a fungistatic effect with the minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.5 to 8.0 μg/mL. A significant reduction in biofilm mass was observed after either pretreatment of planktonic cells for 2 h (mean reduction of 46.31±8.17%) or incubation during biofilm formation (mean reduction of 28.44±13.38%) with 4x MIC of F2. Prior exposure of planktonic cells to this F2 concentration also significantly decreased yeast adherence on HEp-2 cells (mean reduction of 43.13±14.29%), cell surface hydrophobicity (mean reduction of 25.89±10.49%) and mRNA levels of the genes ALST1-3 (2.9-, 1.8- and 1.8-fold decrease, respectively). Tenebrio molitor larvae, which are susceptible to C. tropicalis infection, were used for in vivo testing. Treatment with 128 and 256 μg/mL F2 significantly increased the survival of infected larvae. These results indicate a combined effect of F2 on inhibition of yeast growth and interference in yeast adhesion, which may contribute to the suppression of infection caused by C. tropicalis, thus reinforcing the potential of the condensed tannins from S. adstringens for the development of novel antifungal agents.
authors.forename: Alexandre T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.forename: Felipe C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Jussevania P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Caibe A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Juscelio D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Ricardo S C
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: João C P
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: Celso V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Phileno
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinge-Filho
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 86057970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. ogatta@uel.br.
authors.forename: Sueli F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yamada-Ogatta
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D013634:Tannins