title: Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components.
abstract: Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. V. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. They contain DNA, proteins, and seemed to be physically linked to bacteria and of cellular nature. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. Temperatures >21°C inhibit BRD whereas low salinity (2%) favor it, none of the both conditions altered V. tapetis' ability to form biofilms in vitro. We suggest therefore that biofilm formation could play a role in the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM Lorient, France ; UMR 6539 Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Brest, UBO, IRD, Ifremer Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Brest, UBO, IRD, Ifremer Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paillard
authors.affiliation: Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM Lorient, France.
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Pennec
authors.affiliation: Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM Lorient, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.affiliation: Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM Lorient, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazire
keywords: Brown Ring Disease; Ruditapes philippinarum; Vibrio tapetis; biofilm; salinity effect; spherical components; temperature effect