title: Osteoblast integration of dental implant materials after challenge by sub-gingival pathogens: a co-culture study in vitro.
abstract: Sub-gingival anaerobic pathogens can colonize an implant surface to compromise osseointegration of dental implants once the soft tissue seal around the neck of an implant is broken. In vitro evaluations of implant materials are usually done in monoculture studies involving either tissue integration or bacterial colonization. Co-culture models, in which tissue cells and bacteria battle simultaneously for estate on an implant surface, have been demonstrated to provide a better in vitro mimic of the clinical situation. Here we aim to compare the surface coverage by U2OS osteoblasts cells prior to and after challenge by two anaerobic sub-gingival pathogens in a co-culture model on differently modified titanium (Ti), titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys and zirconia surfaces. Monoculture studies with either U2OS osteoblasts or bacteria were also carried out and indicated significant differences in biofilm formation between the implant materials, but interactions with U2OS osteoblasts were favourable on all materials. Adhering U2OS osteoblasts cells, however, were significantly more displaced from differently modified Ti surfaces by challenging sub-gingival pathogens than from TiZr alloys and zirconia variants. Combined with previous work employing a co-culture model consisting of human gingival fibroblasts and supra-gingival oral bacteria, results point to a different material selection to stimulate the formation of a soft tissue seal as compared to preservation of osseointegration under the unsterile conditions of the oral cavity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bingran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henny C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van der Mei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Minie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rustema-Abbing
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yijin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018441:Biofilms; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000502:physiology*; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C000599177:Ti-Zr alloy; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide