title: Degradation of exogenous caffeine by Populus alba and its effects on endogenous caffeine metabolism.
abstract: This is the first study reporting the presence of endogenous caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in all organs of poplar plants. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used in order to evaluate the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of caffeine-(trimethyl-(13)C) in Populus alba L. Villafranca clone grown in hydroponic conditions. We investigated the remediation of caffeine since it is one of the most widely consumed drugs and it is frequently detected in wastewater treatment plant effluents, surface water, and groundwater worldwide. Our results demonstrated that poplar can absorb and degrade exogenous caffeine without negative effects on plant health. Data showed that concentrations of all endogenous compounds varied depending on caffeine-(trimethyl-(13)C) treatments. In particular, in control conditions, endogenous caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline were mainly distributed in roots. On the other hand, once caffeine-(trimethyl-(13)C) was provided, this compound and its dimethy-(13)C metabolites are mainly localized at leaf level. In conclusion, our results support the possible use of Villafranca clone in association with other water treatment systems in order to complete the process of caffeine remediation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Erika C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pierattini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy. a.francini@sssup.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francini
authors.affiliation: CNR-Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raffaelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sebastiani
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002110:Caffeine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018527:Hydroponics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000378:metabolism; D032107:Populus / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013805:Theobromine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline; D013805:Theobromine
keywords: Caffeine; LC-MS/MS; Pharmaceutical and personal care products; Poplar; Theobromine; Theophylline