title: Exploring the association of dairy product intake with the fatty acids C15:0 and C17:0 measured from dried blood spots in a multipopulation cohort: Findings from the Food4Me study.
abstract: METHODS
  The use of biomarkers in the objective assessment of dietary intake is a high priority in nutrition research. The aim of this study was to examine pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) as biomarkers of dairy foods intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data used in the present study were obtained as part of the Food4me Study. Estimates of C15:0 and C17:0 from dried blood spots and intakes of dairy from a Food Frequency Questionnaire were obtained from participants (n = 1180) across seven countries. Regression analyses were used to explore associations of biomarkers with dairy intake levels and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to evaluate the fatty acids. Significant positive associations were found between C15:0 and total intakes of high-fat dairy products. C15:0 showed good ability to distinguish between low and high consumers of high-fat dairy products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C15:0 can be used as a biomarker of high-fat dairy intake and of specific high-fat dairy products. Both C15:0 and C17:0 performed poorly for total dairy intake highlighting the need for caution when using these in epidemiological studies.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Albani
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celis-Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cyril F M
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Marsaux
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Clare B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: O'Donovan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woolhead
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Macready
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fallaize
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas-Carretero
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: San-Cristobal
authors.affiliation: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolossa
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mavrogianni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lambrinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moschonis
authors.affiliation: National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godlewska
authors.affiliation: National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surwiłło
authors.affiliation: Vitas AS, Olso Innovation Park, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.affiliation: Vitas AS, Olso Innovation Park, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Siv E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kaland
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.affiliation: National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Traczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Eileen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Marianne C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.|Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003611:Dairy Products; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing; D004435:Eating; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids; C117025:pentadecanoic acid; C013102:margaric acid
keywords: Biomarkers; Dairy intake; Dried blood spots; Heptadecanoic acid; Pentadecanoic acid