title: Enhanced fluorescence sensitivity by coupling yttrium-analyte complexes and three-way fast high-performance liquid chromatography data modeling.
abstract: The present study reports a sensitive chromatographic method for the analysis of seven fluoroquinolones (FQs) in environmental water samples, by coupling yttrium-analyte complex and three-way chromatographic data modeling. This method based on the use of HPLC-FSFD does not require complex or tedious sample treatments or enrichment processes before the analysis, due to the significant fluorescence increments of the analytes reached by the presence of Y(3+). Enhancement achieved for the FQs signals obtained after Y(3+) addition reaches 103- to 1743-fold. Prediction results corresponding to the application of MCR-ALS to the validation set showed relative error of prediction (REP%) values below 10% in all cases. A recovery study that includes the simultaneous determination of the seven FQs in three different environmental aqueous matrices was conducted. The recovery studies assert the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method. The LOD values calculated are in the order of part per trillion (below 0.5 ng mL(-1) for all the FQs, except for enoxacin). It is noteworthy to mention that the method herein proposed, which does not include pre-concentration steps, allows reaching LOD values in the same order of magnitude than those achieved by more sophisticated methods based on SPE and UHPLC-MS/MS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mirta R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina. Electronic address: mculzoni@fbcb.unl.edu.ar.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Culzoni
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina. Electronic address: hgoico@fbcb.unl.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Héctor C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Goicoechea
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015019:Yttrium
keywords: Emerging contaminants; Fluoroquinolones; HPLC-FSFD; Second-order data