title: Association of cystatin C with leptin and TNF-α in elderly Japanese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determinants of cystatin C, a novel marker of mortality in the elderly, have not been extensively studied in Asian elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associations of cystatin C with anthropometric, cardiometabolic, hematological, nutritional variables and inflammatory markers were examined in 159 community-living elderly Japanese women whose BMI averaged 22.6±2.9 (SD) kg/m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum creatinine and cystatin C averaged 0.73±0.16 mg/dL and 0.85±0.20 mg/L, respectively. Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (standardized β, -0.538, p<0.001), age (standardized β, 0.274, p<0.001), serum leptin (standardized β, 0.218, p<0.001) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, standardized β, 0.165, p=0.002) emerged as significant predictors of serum cystatin C independent of percentage body fat, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure and HDL cholesterol (cumulative R2=0.674).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum levels of leptin and TNF-α contributed to elevated cystatin C independent of kidney function, fat mass, insulin resistance and inflammation in community-living elderly women and may represent confounders of associations between cystatin C and mortality in this population.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terazawa-Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.|Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.|Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuo
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.|Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.|Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan. Email: kazumi@mukogawa-u.ac.jp.|Diabetes Center, Myodani Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D055316:Cystatin C; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003404:Creatinine