title: The 3-Hole Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Safe Procedure Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation.
abstract: Induction therapy followed by esophagectomy has become standard for treatment of intermediate-stage esophageal cancer in many centers. Herein we evaluate the feasibility and safety of the 3-hole minimally invasive esophagectomy (3HMIE) approach in patients who received induction radiation and chemotherapy. Between 2003 and 2012, the records of 119 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer who underwent 3HMIE were reviewed for perioperative complications and long-term outcomes. Comparison was made between procedures performed for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation and patients who were treated with only surgery. Of them, 78 patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and 41 patients were treated with only surgery. Tumor locations were upper (2), middle (16), distal (64), and gastroesophageal junction (37). In all, 76 patients were at clinical stage IIA or above at presentation. Increased requirement for blood replacement in the induction therapy group was significant compared with the surgery-only group. Operative time, estimated blood loss, proximal and distal margin lengths, and length of stay were not significantly different between the cohorts. There was a 30-day perioperative death (0.8%), and this patient was from the surgery-only group. No conduit necrosis or need for diversion was recorded. Overall, 5-year survival was 62% among the 107 patients with early-stage esophageal cancer. 3HMIE is feasible with low mortality and acceptable morbidity even in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer who received neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Overall perioperative and survival outcomes are similar to or better than those reported in the published literature on esophagectomy after induction therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Beow Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yeap
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jon O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebenthal
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Marchosky
authors.affiliation: Division of GI Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Enzinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Harvey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mamon
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Antoon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerut
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Odze
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Agoston T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Agoston
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Mingkhwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tippayawang
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.. Electronic address: rbueno@partners.org.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061646:Operative Time; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: esophageal cancer; esophagectomy after neoadjuvant CRT; minimally invasive esophagectomy; three-hole esophagectomy