title: Effects of manganese on the microstructures of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., A manganese tolerant plant.
abstract: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. can tolerate high concentrations of manganese and has potential for its use in the revegetation of manganese mine tailings. Following a hydroponic investigation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) was used to study microstructure changes and the possible accumulation of Mn in leaf cells of C. ambrosioides in different Mn treatments (200, 1000, 10000 μmol·L(-1)). At 200 μmol·L(-1), the ultrastructure of C. ambrosioides was clearly visible without any obvious damage. At 1000 μmol·L(-1), the root, stem and leaf cells remained intact, and the organelles were clearly visible without any obvious damage. However, when the Mn concentration exceeded 1000 μmol·L(-1) the number of mitochondria in root cells decreased and the chloroplasts in stem cells showed a decrease in grana lamellae and osmiophilic granules. Compared to controls, treatment with 1000 μmol·L(-1) or 10000 μmol·L(-1) Mn over 30 days, gave rise to black agglomerations in the cells. At 10000 μmol·L(-1), Mn was observed to form acicular structures in leaf cells and intercellular spaces, which may be a form of tolerance and accumulation of Mn in C. ambrosioides. This study has furthered the understanding of Mn tolerance mechanisms in plants, and is potential for the revegetation of Mn-polluted soils.
authors.affiliation: a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , PR China.
authors.forename: Shengguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , PR China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: b Crop and Environment Sciences Department , Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.affiliation: c College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , PR China.
authors.forename: Weisong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D027464:Chenopodium ambrosioides / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018527:Hydroponics; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008345:Manganese
keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides L.; manganese; tolerance; ultrastructure