title: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Axonal Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury.
abstract: Following axotomy, a complex temporal and spatial coordination of molecular events enables regeneration of the peripheral nerve. In contrast, multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the general failure of axonal regeneration in the central nervous system. In this review, we examine the current understanding of differences in protein expression and post-translational modifications, activation of signaling networks, and environmental cues that may underlie the divergent regenerative capacity of central and peripheral axons. We also highlight key experimental strategies to enhance axonal regeneration via modulation of intraneuronal signaling networks and the extracellular milieu. Finally, we explore potential applications of proteomics to fill gaps in the current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying regeneration, and to provide insight into the development of more effective approaches to promote axonal regeneration following injury to the nervous system.
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093; errrna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erna A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van Niekerk
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093; §Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tuszynski
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093; §Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093;
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Dulin
mesh_terms: D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019771:Axotomy; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics; D040901:Proteomics; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery