title: Prevalence of celiac disease among first-degree relatives of Indian celiac disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Celiac disease, once thought to be uncommon in Asia, is now recognized in Asian nations as well. We investigated the prevalence of celiac disease in first-degree relatives of celiac disease patients followed in our centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-degree relatives were screened prospectively for celiac disease using questionnaire-based interview and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody. Serology positive first-degree relatives underwent duodenal biopsies. Diagnosis of celiac disease was made based on positive serology and villous abnormality Marsh grade 2 or higher. Human leucocyte antigen DQ2/-DQ8 was also assessed in 127 first-degree relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  434 first-degree relatives of 176 celiac disease patients were prospectively recruited; 282 were symptomatic (64.9%), 58 were positive for serology (13.3%). Seroprevalence was higher in female than in males (19% vs 8.5%; p=0.001) and highest in siblings (16.9%) than parents (13.6%) and children (5.9%) of celiac patients (p=0.055); 87.4% first-degree relatives were human leucocyte antigen-DQ2/-DQ8 positive. Overall prevalence of celiac disease was 10.9% amongst first-degree relatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of celiac disease in first-degree relatives of celiac disease patients was 10.9% in our cohort, and 87% had human leucocyte antigen-DQ2 or -DQ8 haplotype. All first-degree relatives of celiac disease patients should be screen for celiac disease even if asymptomatic or with atypical manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Gurvinder
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vishnubhatla
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sreenivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Siddhartha Datta
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: govindmakharia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Govind K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Makharia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology*; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D035781:Siblings; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; C053186:HLA-DQ2 antigen; C109756:HLA-DQ8 antigen; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: Family; HLA; Haplotype; Seroprevalence