title: The short-term outcomes of induction SOX (S-1 + oxaliplatin) ± cetuximab chemotherapy followed by short-course chemoradiotherapy in patients with poor-risk locally advanced rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of induction SOX (S-1 + oxaliplatin) ± cetuximab chemotherapy followed by short-course chemoradiotherapy and surgery in patients with poor-risk locally advanced rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled eligible patients with poor-risk rectal cancer defined as T3 lower rectal cancer with mesorectal fascia involvement, T4a or T4b tumors or cases with lateral lymph node swelling. The primary endpoint was a pathological complete response (pCR), and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and the pathological high response rate (Grade 2 plus 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty eligible patients were enrolled. The majority (75.0 %, 15/20) of the patients completed four cycles of induction chemotherapy, and all patients completed the radiotherapy (25 Gy/10 fractions/5 days). The global rate of Grade 3-4 toxicities was 30.0 % (6/20 patients). The ORRs were 85.0 % (17/20) and 95.0 % (19/20) in the patients who underwent R0 and R1 resection, respectively. The pathological high response rate was 70.0 % (14/20) and the pCR was 10.0 % (2/20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The regimen of induction SOX (S-1 + oxaliplatin) ± cetuximab chemotherapy followed by short-course chemoradiotherapy is safe and is associated with good tumor regression in patients with poor-risk locally advanced rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meiwa Hospital, 4-31 Agenaruo-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8186, Japan. beppu-n@hyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beppu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meiwa Hospital, 4-31 Agenaruo-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8186, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshie
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meiwa Hospital, 4-31 Agenaruo-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8186, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meiwa Hospital, 4-31 Agenaruo-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8186, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamikonya
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagahide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meiwa Hospital, 4-31 Agenaruo-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8186, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meiwa Hospital, 4-31 Agenaruo-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8186, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068818:Cetuximab / Q000008:administration & dosage; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060828:Induction Chemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012306:Risk; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D000068818:Cetuximab
keywords: Locally advanced rectal cancer; SOX (S-1 + oxaliplatin); Sequential regimen; Short-course chemoradiotherapy