title: Metabolic Control and Illness Perceptions in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disturbed eating behavior and psychosocial variables have been found to influence metabolic control, but little is known about how these variables interact or how they influence metabolic control, separately and combined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore associations between metabolic control (measured by HbA1c) and eating disorder psychopathology, coping strategies, illness perceptions, and insulin beliefs in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 105 patients (41.9% males) with type 1 diabetes (12-20 years) were interviewed with the Child Eating Disorder Examination. In addition, self-report psychosocial questionnaires were completed. Clinical data, including HbA1c, was obtained from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant gender differences were demonstrated. Among females, HbA1c correlated significantly with eating restriction (.29, p < .05), the illness perception dimensions consequences, personal control, coherence, and concern (ranging from .33 to .48), and the coping strategy ventilating negative feelings (-.26, p < .05). Illness perception personal control contributed significantly to HbA1c in a regression model, explaining 23% of the variance among females (β .48, p < .001). None of the variables were significantly associated with HbA1c among males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Illness perceptions appear to be important contributors to metabolic control in females, but not males, with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wisting
authors.affiliation: Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Natvig
authors.affiliation: The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1078, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway ; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Torild
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skrivarhaug
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1078, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway ; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dahl-Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Rhodes Farm Clinic, The Ridgeway, Barnet, London NW7 1RH, UK ; Gt. Ormond St. Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK ; Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Perry Road, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lask
authors.affiliation: Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1039, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Øyvind
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Rø
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin