title: Early Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Oncogenic Influences in Breast Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) may act early in breast oncogenesis ("hit-and-run" phenomena).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used immunohistochemistry for the identification of HPV E7 oncogenic protein expression in 32 sets of benign and subsequent breast cancer specimens from the same Australian patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV E7 oncoprotein was clearly expressed in the nuclei of 23 (72%) of the 32 benign specimens and 20 (62.5%) of the subsequent 32 breast cancer specimens in the same patients. There was no HPV E7 protein expression in seven (30%) of the 23 breast cancer specimens that had prior HPV E7 protein-positive benign breast biopsies in the same patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This observation suggests that HPV oncogenic influences occur early in some breast cancers. This finding confirms the previous observations. This early influence of HPVs may be the reason why there is no increase in the prevalence of HPV-associated breast cancer in immunocompromised patients as compared to HPV-associated cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.affiliation: Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.affiliation: Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Warick
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Delprado
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Noel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Wendy K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Glenn
keywords: Cervimax; HPV E7 protein; PCR; benign breast; breast cancer; human papilloma virus (HPV); immunohistochemistry; normal breast