title: Validation of a portable pneumatic captive bolt device as a one-step method of euthanasia for use in depopulation of feedlot cattle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the effectiveness of a penetrating captive bolt device with a built-in low-pressure air channel pithing mechanism (PCBD) as a 1-step method for euthanasia of cattle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  66 feedlot steers and heifers (weight, 227 to 500 kg [500 to 1,100 lb]) that were not expected to survive or finish the feeding period with their cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cattle were transported to a university facility and euthanized with the PCBD. For each calf, clinical variables were monitored and recorded immediately before and for at least 10 minutes after application of the PCBD. Following euthanasia, the head of each calf was removed and trauma to the brain and skull was assessed and scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Death was successfully achieved with the PCBD without application of an ancillary technique in all 66 cattle; however, 4 (6%) cattle required a second or third shot from the PCBD because of technical errors in its placement. All shots from the PCBD that entered the cranial vault successfully rendered cattle unconscious without a return to sensibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that the PCBD was an effective 1-step method of euthanasia for use in mass depopulation of feedlot cattle.
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Derscheid
authors.forename: Reneé D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Dewell
authors.forename: Grant A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dewell
authors.forename: Katie E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kleinhenz
authors.forename: Leslie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gilliam
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Yaxuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shearer
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D020201:Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D004867:Equipment Design; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D037901:Euthanasia, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008297:Male; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000662:veterinary