title: Characteristics of urinary retention in female inpatients managed with medical treatments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to analyze the characteristics of urinary retention (UR) in female inpatients managed with medical treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of female inpatients referred to the department of urology for UR at our institution from January 2009, to December 2014. UR was defined as a difficulty in self-voiding despite a sufficient urine volume or >300-mL postvoid residual. The data included patients' age, body mass index (BMI), ambulatory status, medical and surgical history, classes of taking drugs, and urinary tract infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 182 women were included as retention group, mean age of 72.64±12.94 years and BMI of 22.94±3.10 kg/m(2). In the chi-square analysis, cardiovascular disorders (p=0.000), diabetes mellitus (p=0.008), metastatic malignancy (p=0.008), chronic renal disorders (p=0.028) were found significantly. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, cardiovascular disorders (p=0.002; odds ratio [OR], 0.491), metastatic malignancy (p=0.013; OR, 2.616) were found to increase the risk of UR. The most common surgical history was anti-incontinence surgery (7.2%). In term of medication use, the most prescribed agents were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (53.8%). The patients taking multiple drugs with antimuscarinic effects except of NSAIDs, narcotics and diuretics were 48 (26.4%). Urinary tract infection was identified in 43 patients (23.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UR in females managed with medical treatments could be occurred occasionally. We think that thorough attentions are needed for UR to patients with cardiovascular disorders including diabetes mellitus, metastatic malignancy, chronic renal disorders urinary tract infection, and more careful interests when managing with drugs with antimuscarinic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists
keywords: Antimuscarinic agents; Drug therapy; Female; Urinary retention