title: Toxicological evaluation of Prussian blue nanoparticles after short exposure of mice.
abstract: Prussian blue nanoparticle (PBNP), a new type of theranostic nanomaterial, had been used for cancer magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy. However, their long-term toxicity after short exposure in vivo was still unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of the biochemical and immunity indicators of mice after PBNPs injection through tail vein. Histological results showed that the PBNPs were mainly accumulated in liver and spleen. In the spleen, we found the frequency of T cells was starting to decrease after 1 day of PBNPs injection, but then slowly recovered to normal level after 60 days of injection. Meanwhile, the frequency of T cells in the blood was firstly decreased after the PBNPs injection, and then the T cell frequency kept increasing and recovered back to normal levels after 7 days of injection. The serum indexes of liver functions (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase) increased rapidly to a relatively high level only after 1 h of injection, which meant certain acute liver damage, but these indexes were gradually decreased to normal levels after 60 days of injection. These results indicate that PBNPs have acute toxicity in vivo, however, their long-term toxicity after short-time exposure is low, which might provide guidance for further applications of PBNPs in future.
authors.affiliation: The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China xiaoloong.liu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China drjingfeng@126.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005295:Ferrocyanides; C000170:ferric ferrocyanide
keywords: Prussian blue nanoparticles; biodistribution; immunity; toxicity