title: Exogenous Spermidine Alleviates Low Temperature Injury in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Seedlings by Modulating Ascorbate-Glutathione and Glyoxalase Pathway.
abstract: The role of exogenous spermidine (Spd) in alleviating low temperature (LT) stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-3) seedlings has been investigated. Low temperature stress modulated the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, increased H₂O₂ content and lipid peroxidation, which indicate oxidative damage of seedlings. Low temperature reduced the leaf relative water content (RWC) and destroyed leaf chlorophyll, which inhibited seedlings growth. Exogenous pretreatment of Spd in LT-affected seedlings significantly increased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants of AsA-GSH cycle, which include AsA and GSH. Exogenous Spd decreased dehydroascorbate (DHA), increased AsA/DHA ratio, decreased glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and increased GSH/GSSG ratio under LT stress. Activities of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased after Spd pretreatment in LT affected seedlings. Thus, the oxidative stress was reduced. Protective effects of Spd are also reflected from reduction of methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity by improving glyoxalase cycle components, and by maintaining osmoregulation, water status and improved seedlings growth. The present study reveals the vital roles of AsA-GSH and glyoxalase cycle in alleviating LT injury.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan. knahar84@yahoo.com.|Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. knahar84@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kamrun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. mhzsauag@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mirza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanuzzaman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan. shamim1983@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Md Mahabub
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan. fujita@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011700:Putrescine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013095:Spermidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D013481:Superoxides; D002734:Chlorophyll; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D011392:Proline; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D013095:Spermidine; D011700:Putrescine; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid
keywords: AsA-GSH cycle; abiotic stress; glyoxalase system; oxidative stress; polyamine