title: Partially replacing cornstarch in a high-concentrate diet with sucrose inhibited the ruminal trans-10 biohydrogenation pathway in vitro by changing populations of specific bacteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The positive influence of replacing dietary starch with sugar on milk fat production has been proposed to be partially attributed to the inhibition of the rumen trans-10 biohydrogenation pathway. However, whether and how sucrose inhibits the rumen trans-10 biohydrogenation pathway remains elusive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A batch in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effects of replacing cornstarch in a high-concentrate diet (forage to concentrate ratio = 40:60) with 0 (control), 3, 6 and 9 % of sucrose on rumen fermentation pattern, fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation pathways and bacterial populations relating to trans-11 to trans-10 biohydrogenation pathways. Replacing dietary cornstarch with sucrose did not alter rumen pH or concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in comparison with the control but significantly influenced the profiles of individual VFA. The molar proportions of butyrate and valerate were linearly increased, while that of acetate was quadratically decreased and those of propionate, isobutyrate and isovalerate were linearly decreased with increasing concentrations of sucrose in the diet. Furthermore, replacing cornstarch with sucrose led to a linear decrease in C18:1 trans-10, linear increases in the proportions of C18:1 trans-11, C18:2n-6 and the ratio of trans-11 to trans-10, and linear decreases in biohydrogenation of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. The abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a butyrate and CLA cis-9, trans-11 producer, was increased with the increasing inclusion of sucrose in the diet, while the population of Megasphaera elsdenii, a CLA trans-10, cis-12 producer, was significantly decreased by all levels of sucrose replacements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that replacing starch in a high-concentrate diet with sucrose increased butyrate production and inhibited the rumen trans-10 biohydrogenation pathway, which was at least partially due to increased abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and decreased abundance of Megasphaera elsdenii.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9 Canada.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
keywords: Bacterial populations; Cornstarch; Rumen fermentation; Sucrose; trans-10 shift