title: Effects of early adolescent environmental enrichment on cognitive dysfunction, prefrontal cortex development, and inflammatory cytokines after early life stress.
abstract: Early postnatal stress such as maternal separation causes cognitive dysfunction later in life, including working memory deficits that are largely mediated by the prefrontal cortex. Maternal separation in male rats also yields a loss of parvalbumin-containing prefrontal cortex interneurons in adolescence, which may occur via inflammatory or oxidative stress mechanisms. Environmental enrichment can prevent several effects of maternal separation; however, effects of enrichment on prefrontal cortex development are not well understood. Here, we report that enrichment prevented cognitive dysfunction in maternally separated males and females, and prevented elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines that was evident in maternally separated males, but not females. However, enrichment did not prevent parvalbumin loss or adolescent measures of oxidative stress. Significant correlations indicated that adolescents with higher oxidative damage and less prefrontal cortex parvalbumin in adolescence committed more errors on the win-shift task; therefore, maternal separation may affect cognitive dysfunction via aberrant interneuron development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 482-491, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.|Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: do Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narahari
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Freedom H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Ha-Neul
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.|Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Shashi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Heather C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Brenhouse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010320:Parvalbumins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: adolescence; cytokines; early life stress; oxidative stress; rat; win-shift