title: Evaluation of nutritional status and support in children with congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this disease was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 125 children with CHD, under 6 months of age, were divided into four groups: no pulmonary hypertension (PH) or cyanosis (group 1, n=47), isolated cyanosis (group 2, n=52), isolated PH (group 3, n=16), and PH and cyanosis (group 4, n=10). Six children died at 6 months (n=4), 12 months (n=1) and 19 months (n=1). The remaining children were followed-up for 24 months. Prevalence of moderate to severe malnutrition (weight/weight for height <80%), caloric intake and medications were compared between the four groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate or severe malnutrition was more frequent in group 4 (100%) compared with others groups (group 1, 20%; group 2, 16.7% and group 3, 50%; P<0.05). Low oral caloric intake was more frequent in group 3 (71.4%) and group 4 (75%) than in group 1 (28%) and 2 (28.6%) (P<0.05). Food enrichment was practised in half of the children of group 4 and rarely in other groups (group 1, 15.8%; group 2, 8.6% and group 3, 11.1%; P<0.05). Enteral feeding was used more often in groups 3 (33.3%) and 4 (50%) than in groups 1 (15.8%) or 2 (14.3%; P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate or severe malnutrition is present in 15% of children with CHD, and it is more frequent in case of PH. Half of these children demonstrate low caloric intake, whereas few have proper nutritional support.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blasquez
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clouzeau
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC 0005), University Hospital Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fayon
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Thambo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Enaud
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.|Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC 0005), University Hospital Bordeaux, France.|INSERM U897, Epidemiology of nutrition, ISPED, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lamireau
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors