title: Low zinc levels is associated with increased inflammatory activity but not with atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis or endothelial dysfunction among the very elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced zinc intake has been related to atherogenesis and arteriosclerosis. We verified this assumption in very old individuals, which are particularly prone to both zinc deficiency and structural and functional changes in the arterial wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n = 201, 80-102 years) with uneventful cardiovascular history and who were not in use of anti-inflammatory treatments in the last 30-days were enrolled. Daily intake of zinc, lipid profile, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma zinc, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid ultrasonography and cardiac computed tomography were obtained. Young's Elastic Modulus, Stiffness Index and Artery Compliance were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in clinical or laboratorial data between subjects grouped according to plasma zinc tertile, except for CRP (p = 0.01) and blood leukocytes (p = 0.002), of which levels were higher in the upper tertiles. The average daily intake of zinc was not significantly correlated with zinc or CRP plasma levels. The plasma zinc/zinc intake ratio was inversely correlated with plasma CRP levels (- 0.18; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the plasma zinc tertiles and FMD, carotid intima-media thickness, coronary calcium score, carotid plaque presence, remodeled noncalcified coronary plaques, or low-attenuation noncalcified coronary plaques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although plasma zinc level is inversely related to systemic inflammatory activity, its plasma levels of daily intake are not associated to alterations in structure or function of the arterial wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the very elderly plasma concentrations or daily intake of zinc is not related to endothelial dysfunction, arteriosclerosis or atherosclerotic burden at coronary or carotid arteries.
authors.affiliation: University of Brasilia Medical School (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela C S
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: De Paula
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ehimen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Aneni
authors.affiliation: University of Brasilia Medical School (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula R
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valeria N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wladimir M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Quaglia
authors.affiliation: University of Brasilia Medical School (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nadruz
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaha
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agatston
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrei C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sposito
keywords: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Endothelial dysfunction; Inflammation; Zinc