title: The taxonomy of the European species of Hebeloma section Denudata subsections Hiemalia, Echinospora subsect. nov. and Clepsydroida subsect. nov. and five new species.
abstract: Hebeloma section Denudata includes the majority of the taxa commonly referred to as the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex. In a recent paper we described in detail H. subsection Denudata and fifteen European species recognised within this subsection, using morphological and molecular methods. In this paper we continue this work and describe in detail three additional subsections and several new species. Within H. subsection Hiemalia we recognise just one species, Hebeloma hiemale. Here we propose an epitype in order to unambiguously define this taxon. Nine species occurring in Europe are assigned to H. subsect. Clepsydroida, namely Hebeloma ammophilum, H. cavipes, H. fragilipes, H. ingratum, H. laetitiae, H. limbatum sp. nov., H. matritense sp. nov., H. pseudofragilipes sp. nov., and H. vaccinum. Finally, we introduce H. subsection Echinospora with three species: Hebeloma echinosporum sp. nov., H. populinum, and H. rostratum sp. nov. We provide descriptions of all three of these species in order to clarify the taxonomy of this section. We provide a key to H. sect. Denudata and the discussed subsections. For the majority of the taxa there is good overall consistency between morphological and phylogenetic delimitation and, where the information exists, thanks to Aanen and Kuyper's work, biological delimitation.
authors.affiliation: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany; Ghent University, Dpt. Biology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: ursula.eberhardt@smns-bw.de.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.affiliation: Rue Père de Deken 19, B-1040 Bruxelles, Belgium and Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Beker
authors.affiliation: Natural History Museum of Denmark, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K., Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vesterholt
authors.affiliation: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schütz
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe; D055364:Hebeloma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification
keywords: Basidiomycetes; Biological species; Ectomycorrhizal fungi; Multi-locus phylogeny; Species delimitation; Systematics