title: Resection of Intraventricular Tumors in Children by Purely Endoscopic Means.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuroendoscopy is increasingly being used in the management of intraventricular brain tumors. The role of endoscopy in diagnostic biopsy is well established. Expansion of these techniques may allow for definitive resection of intraventricular tumors. We report the feasibility and outcomes of endoscopic resection of select intraventricular tumors in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical characteristics of 11 children with solid intraventricular tumors who underwent tumor resection were reviewed. Twelve procedures were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross-total resection was achieved in 11 of 12 cases (92%). Maximal tumor diameter ranged from 9 to 26 mm (mean, 16.6 mm). Pathologic results included subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, ependymomas, nongerminomatous germ cell tumors, and pilocytic astrocytomas. Mean follow-up was 35 months (range, 10-109 months). All patients returned to their neurologic baselines after surgery. Local tumor recurrence occurred in 1 patient and distant recurrence in another. In 1 patient, a transitory intraoperative increase of intracranial pressure without clinical implications occurred. There was no permanent morbidity or mortality in this series. Hydrocephalus was present preoperatively in 5 cases and was treated either with tumor removal alone or with an additional endoscopic third ventriculostomy. No patient required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuroendoscopic gross-total resection of solid intraventricular tumors is a safe and efficacious procedure in carefully selected pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York.
authors.forename: Eveline Teresa
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Aso Hospital, Kurdistan, Sulaimaniyah, Qirga, Kaniba, Iraq.
authors.forename: Aryan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York.
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York. Electronic address: David.harter@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Harter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002551:Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D038361:Neuronavigation; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014696:Ventriculostomy
keywords: Gross-total resection; Intraventricular tumor; Minimally invasive; neuroendoscopy