title: Flow injection amperometric sensor with a carbon nanotube modified screen printed electrode for determination of hydroquinone.
abstract: Flow injection amperometric (FI-Amp) sensor was developed for sensitive and selective determination of hydroquinone. A simple screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified with various nanomaterials for improvement of sensitivity on the determination of quinone. As a result, the appropriate sensitivity is obtained from the SPCE modified with carbon nanotube (CNT) which indicated that CNT contributed to the transfer of electron to quinone. The reproducibility (n=9) and repeatability (n=111) of SPCE-CNT were obtained at 4.4% and 3.6%RSD, respectively. The SPCE-CNT electrode and enzymatic column were incorporated to the FI-Amp system to determine hydroquinone. Laccase was immobilized on silica gel using a cross-linking method by glutaraldehyde modification and then packed in the column. The laccase column has high efficiency for catalytic oxidation of hydroquinone to quinone, which further detects by amperometric detection. Parameters affecting response of the proposed sensor, i.e., pH, ionic strength, and temperature have been optimized. The proposed system provided a wide linear range between 1 and 50 µM with detection limit of 0.1 µM. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 91.2-103.8% were obtained for the analysis of water sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jantima
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Upan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Preeyaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reanpang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orawon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chailapakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: jaroon.jakmunee@cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Jaroon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakmunee
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D057230:Limit of Detection; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011327:Printing; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D055454:Trametes / Q000201:enzymology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; D042845:Laccase; C031927:hydroquinone
keywords: Carbon nanotube; Flow injection amperometric sensor; Hydroquinone; Laccase; Screen printed carbon electrode