title: Variability in the levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by age, gender, and race/ethnicity for the period of 2001-2002 versus 2009-2010 and its association with thyroid function among general US population.
abstract: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2007-2008 were used to evaluate the impact of the observed levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in urine on the levels of thyroid hormones in serum for those aged ≥12 years. There was no evidence of any association between the levels of 3-PBA and thyroid function. As compared to their levels in 2001-2002, levels of 3-PBA rose (p ≤ 0.03) in 2009-2010 for children, adolescents, adults aged 20-64 years, males, females, non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, non-smokers, and smokers. Rise in the levels of 3-PBA among children aged 6-11 years was higher than the similar rise in all other demographic groups. Since the levels of 3-PBA are still on the rise, previously observed adverse health effects among children associated with the levels of 3-PBA require that additional preventive measures be put in place to protect them from exposure to pyrethroids.
authors.affiliation: , 2959 Estate View Court, Dacula, GA, 30019, USA. Jain.ram.b@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ram B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011722:Pyrethrins; D044469:Racial Groups; D013961:Thyroid Gland; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid
keywords: Children; NHANES; Pyrethroids; Thyroid