title: A review of the current state of the art of physiologically-based tests for measuring human dermal in vitro bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil.
abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are classed as Persistent Organic Pollutants, a large group of compounds that share similar characteristics. They are lipophilic, resistant to degradation in the environment and harmful to human and environmental health. Soil has been identified as the primary reservoir for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom. This study reviews the literature associated with, or is relevant to, the measurement and modelling of dermal absorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from soils. The literature illustrates the use of in vivo, in vitro and in silico methods from a wide variety of scientific disciplines including occupational and environmental exposure, medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic research and associated mathematical modelling. The review identifies a number of practical shortcomings which must be addressed if dermal bioavailability tests are to be applied to laboratory analysis of contaminated soils for human health risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Beriro
authors.affiliation: British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. Electronic address: mrca@bgs.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.affiliation: British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wragg
authors.affiliation: Parsons Brinckerhoff Queen Victoria House, Redland Hill, Bristol BS6 6US, UK.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Parsons Brinckerhoff Queen Victoria House, Redland Hill, Bristol BS6 6US, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.affiliation: National Grid Property, National Grid House, Warwick Technology Park, Gallows Hill, Warwick, CV34 6DA, UK.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D006801:Humans; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioavailability; Contaminated land; Dermal absorption; PAH; Soil