title: Progranulin Protein Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Primary Neurodegenerative Dementias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progranulin is implicated in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but its role in other neurodegenerative disorders is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the levels of progranulin (PGRN) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in different neurodegenerative dementias and their correlation with levels in plasma in cognitively normal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured PGRN in CSF in 229 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease dementia, sporadic FTD, dementia with Lewy bodies, corticobasal syndrome, or progressive supranuclear palsy. We also measured PGRN in CSF and plasma in 74 cognitively normal individuals. We examined the correlation between PGRN levels in CSF and diagnosis, cortical thickness, genetic factors and other CSF biomarkers. We also investigated the correlation between plasma and CSF levels of PGRN in cognitively normal individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF levels did not differ across diagnoses or correlate with cortical thickness. Polymorphism rs5848 in GRN influenced CSF PGRN levels, but APOEɛ4 allele did not. Amyloid-β42, t-tau, p-tau, and YKL-40 levels correlated weakly with PGRN in CSF. We found a weak correlation (r = 0.362) between plasma and CSF PGRN levels in cognitively normal individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings do not support a diagnostic value of CSF PGRN in neurodegenerative diseases. Our data confirm that levels of PGRN in plasma do not reflect accurately levels in CSF in cognitively normal controls. These data should be considered in clinical trials aiming to increase PGRN.
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morenas-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cervera-Carles
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilaplana
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alcolea
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carmona-Iragui
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dols-Icardo
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ribosa-Nogué
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Llahuna
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belén Sánchez-Saudinós
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blesa
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clarimón
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fortea
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lleó
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003704:Dementia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000077153:Progranulins; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins; D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid-β; biomarker; cerebrospinal fluid; dementia; plasma; progranulin; tau