title: Analysis of epidermal/dermal temperature changes according to the different cryogen spray cooling conditions.
abstract: This study measured epidermal and dermal temperatures under different cryogen spray cooling (CSC) conditions to determine the optimum cooling conditions for skin rejuvenation. For this purpose, CSC conditions were applied before a laser transmission for varying spurt times of 50, 150, and 200 ms with delay times of 150 and 200 ms. A long-pulsed 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser irradiated the skin surface of a pig with a condition of fluence of 26 J/cm2 and a spot diameter of 8 mm. The pulse duration was set to 30 ms during all experiments. This study found that all employed CSC conditions significantly decreased internal-external skin temperatures. Moreover, skin temperatures were influenced more by variations in spurt time of CSC compared with the delay times. Based on these experimental results, two spurt times were selected as the optimum CSC conditions for skin rejuvenation: 50 ms with delay time of 150 and 200 ms and 150 ms with a delay time of 150 and 200 ms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Bio Medi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Devices Industry, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Devices Industry, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Bio Medi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Ga Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Bio Medi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.|Department of Medical Devices Industry, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods; D004817:Epidermis / Q000502:physiology*; D058629:Plasma Skin Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants
keywords: 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser; Cryogen spray cooling; delay; skin temperature; spurt