title: Effects of Spreader Grafts on Olfactory Function in Septorhinoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following rhinoplasty, the cross-sectional parts of the nose may be significantly reduced, and nasal air movement and olfaction may be altered. Studies on olfactory function after surgical procedures are quite limited and have largely focused on sinus surgery or septoplasty.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to assess the consequences of spreader grafts on olfactory function.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted at the Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, from January 2014 to June 2015. In total, 68 patients who had undergone an open-technique septorhinoplasty were included. In 35 patients, bilateral spreader grafts were included with the open septorhinoplasty (group 1), and 33 patients underwent open septorhinoplasties without spreader grafts (group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age and gender distributions of the patients in the two groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Preoperative threshold, discrimination, and identification values in both groups did not differ (p > 0.05). In groups 1 and 2, postoperative threshold values were significantly higher than preoperative values (p < 0.05). The change in threshold, discrimination, and identification level was significantly higher postoperatively versus preoperatively in group 1 (p < 0.05); however, the changes in discrimination and identification values did not significantly differ between in group 2 (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates the superior widening effect of spreader grafts over the nasal valve and favorable results in olfactory function in primary septorhinoplasty patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that the authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. seckinkbb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seçkin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Emre
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dinç
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalğıç
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Denizhan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dizdar
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Özgür
authors.initials: MÖ
authors.lastname: Avınçsal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Külekçi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D057566:Self Report; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D019737:Transplants; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Odor; Olfaction; Septorhinoplasty; Spreader grafts; ‘Sniffin Sticks’ test