title: In Vivo Exposures to Particulate Matter Collected from Saudi Arabia or Nickel Chloride Display Similar Dysregulation of Metabolic Syndrome Genes.
abstract: Particulate matter (PM) exposures have been linked to mortality, low birth weights, hospital admissions, and diseases associated with metabolic syndrome, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In a previous in vitro and in vivo study, data demonstrated that PM(10μm) collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (PMSA), altered expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as many other genes associated with metabolic disorders. PMSA contains a relatively high concentration of nickel (Ni), known to be linked to several metabolic disorders. In order to evaluate whether Ni and PM exposures induce similar gene expression profiles, mice were exposed to 100 μg/50 μl PM(SA) (PM-100), 50 μg/50 μl nickel chloride (Ni-50), or 100 μg/50 μl nickel chloride (Ni-100) twice per week for 4 wk and hepatic gene expression changes were determined. Ultimately, 55 of the same genes were altered in all 3 exposures. However, where the two Ni groups differed markedly was in the regulation (up or down) of these genes. Ni-100 and PM-100 groups displayed similar regulations, whereby 104 of the 107 genes were similarly modulated. Many of the 107 genes are involved in metabolic syndrome and include ALDH4A1, BCO2, CYP1A, CYP2U, TOP2A. In addition, the top affected pathways, such as fatty acid α-oxidation, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, are involved in metabolic diseases. Most notably, the top diseased outcome affected by these changes in gene expression was cardiovascular disease. Given these data, it appears that Ni and PM(SA) exposures display similar gene expression profiles, modulating the expression of genes involved in metabolic disorders.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brocato
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Freda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laulicht
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: b Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environmental and Arid Land Agriculture , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shamy
authors.affiliation: b Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environmental and Arid Land Agriculture , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mansour A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alghamdi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environmental and Arid Land Agriculture , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.|c Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mamdouh I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khoder
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kluz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Lung-Chi
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel