title: Investigation of temporal change in glacial extent of Chitral watershed using Landsat data.
abstract: Glaciers are also known as solid reservoirs, and in this regard, Pakistan is a blessed country to have enriched glaciers. The change in glacial extent becomes very crucial for rivers whose discharges are associated with glacier melt. Even a little change in the glacial extent may bring a significant change in the resulting river flows. Considering climate change scenarios, many researchers have predicted future flows in such catchments. But in almost all such studies, the reduction in the glaciers is not normally based on any rational. Therefore, research is needed in order to estimate how glaciers are actually behaving under the change of temperature and precipitations to better estimate the future flows. For this purpose, Chitral watershed was considered as the study area. The seasonal change in the snow extent was estimated by using MODIS data for various years that helped to identify the month with minimum glacial extent. With the help of remote sensing, unsupervised classification was performed to estimate the glacier area in Chitral watershed. The results show a definite receding trend with respect to time in the glaciers of the region for the past decade.
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan. usman.naeem@uettaxila.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Usman Ali
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.affiliation: Bursa Orhangazi University, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shamim
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ejaz
authors.affiliation: Hydraulics and Irrigation Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ur Rehman
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan. mustafa.umer23@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Umer
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-3418
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hashim Nisar
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul Razzaq
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ghumman
mesh_terms: D057231:Climate Change; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D046448:Ice Cover; D010154:Pakistan; D045483:Rivers; D063809:Satellite Imagery; D012914:Snow; D013696:Temperature
keywords: Chitral watershed; Landsat data; MODIS data; Receding trend; Remote sensing; Unsupervised classification