title: Antimicrobial Potential of Papain Chemomechanical Agent on Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacillus Casei Followed by the Use of Self-Etching Adhesive Systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of papain-based gel (Papacárie/ P) followed by self-etching adhesive systems with MDPB monomer (Clearfil Protect Bond/ PB) and without (Clearfil SE Bond/ Cl) on Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc).
  
  
  METHODS
  The dentin of twenty human teeth was exposed to prepare four cylindrical cavities in each tooth. The cavities were incubated with Sm or Lc. One cavity from each tooth served as contamination control (positive control group); the other three were treated with P, P+CL and P+PB. The cavities were sealed and after 72 h, dentin samples were collected and microbial cultivation was performed. Microbial count was undertaken (CFUs/mg) according to the morphological characteristics for Sm and Lc. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were applied (α=5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For Sm, groups P+Cl and P+PB had lower microbial count than group P (no statistical differences between P+Cl and P+PB). For Lc, group P+Cl had microbial count similar to group P. There was statistical difference between cavities treated with P and P+PB but none between groups P+Cl and P+PB. After using P, both self-etching adhesives showed antimicrobial potential, although Clearfil Protect Bond proved better against Lc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both self-etching adhesives used after application of Papacárie showed antimicrobial potential, although Clearfil Protect Bond proved more effective against Lactobacillus casei.
authors.affiliation: From the School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Roberta Tarkany
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Basting
authors.affiliation: From the School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Rezende
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: From the School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: From the School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Flávia Lucisano Botelho
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.affiliation: From the School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Flávia Martão
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Flório
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000187:drug effects*; D008422:Materials Testing; D010206:Papain / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C509557:Papacarie; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; C089392:methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide; D010206:Papain
keywords: Lactobacillus casei; Streptococcus mutans; antimicrobial effect; papain-based gel; self-etching adhesive systems