title: Pharmacovigilance is... Vigilance.
abstract: The world changes continuously and pharmacovigilance as a new discipline also must change. There are new fields opening with novel challenges whilst we are still perfecting ways to manage and improve the basic challenges such as inadequate data for decision making and under-reporting. Traditional medicines, vaccines, poisoning and medication error are all aspects of the safety of medicines that we have monitored for decades, though without perhaps paying enough attention to their special aspects. There are many new stakeholders taking serious interest in pharmacovigilance outside the regulatory sphere and they often focus on improving individual patient care, rather than the more traditional concentration on broad public health. The same stakeholders are also drawing attention to other iatrogenic outcomes that should be recognised, evaluated and their outcomes compared and contrasted with medication, such as harm from medical devices. The vigilance methods used for medication are very much applicable to all these new fields, though more and different expertise will be needed to evaluate outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden. ralph.edwards@who-umc.org.
authors.forename: I Ralph
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Moroccan Anti-poison and Pharmacovigilance Centre, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Rachida Soulayamani
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bencheikh
mesh_terms: D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008508:Medication Errors; D060735:Pharmacovigilance; D011041:Poisoning; D016896:Treatment Outcome