title: An Acute Butyr-Fentanyl Fatality: A Case Report with Postmortem Concentrations.
abstract: In this case report, we present an evaluation of the distribution of postmortem concentrations of butyr-fentanyl in a fatality attributed principally to the drug. A man who had a history of intravenous drug abuse was found unresponsive on the bathroom floor of his home. Drug paraphernalia was located on the bathroom counter. Toxicology testing, which initially screened positive for fentanyl by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, subsequently confirmed butyr-fentanyl, which was then quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-specific ion monitoring (GC-MS SIM) analysis following liquid-liquid extraction. The butyr-fentanyl peripheral blood concentration was quantitated at 58 ng/mL compared with the central blood concentration of 97 ng/mL. The liver concentration was 320 ng/g, the vitreous was 40 ng/mL, the urine was 670 ng/mL and the gastric contained 170 mg. Acetyl-fentanyl was also detected in all biological specimens tested. Peripheral blood concentration was quantitated at 38 ng/mL compared with the central blood concentration of 32 ng/mL. The liver concentration was 110 ng/g, the vitreous was 38 ng/mL, the urine was 540 ng/mL and the gastric contained <70 mg. The only other drug detected was a relatively low concentration of benzoylecgonine. The cause of death was certified as acute butyr-fentanyl, acetyl-fentanyl and cocaine intoxication, and the manner of death was certified as accident.
authors.affiliation: County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, 5570 Overland Ave., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92123, USA iain.mcintyre@sdcounty.ca.gov.
authors.forename: Iain M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.affiliation: County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, 5570 Overland Ave., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trochta
authors.affiliation: County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, 5570 Overland Ave., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
authors.forename: Ray D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.affiliation: County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, 5570 Overland Ave., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, 5570 Overland Ave., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
authors.forename: Othon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; C000610976:butyrfentanyl; C005618:benzoylecgonine; C000594854:N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide; D003042:Cocaine; D005283:Fentanyl