title: Timing of manipulation under anaesthesia for stiffness after total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: Stiffness following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a debilitating condition for the patient with limitation of functional outcome. There are various causes of stiffness, which can be classified as pre-operative, per-operative and post-operative. Arthrofibrosis is one of the causes, which can be managed in different ways, and manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) is routinely performed as the first line of management. The timing of MUA is often debated. We review the paper by Issa et al., which looks at the effect of timing of manipulation on a stiff TKA. They conclude that early manipulation within 12 weeks of performing the TKA had a higher mean flexion gain (36.5°), higher final range of motion (ROM) (119°) and higher knee society score (89 points) compared to those performed after 12 weeks which were 17°, 95° and 84 points respectively. Other studies have also reinforced the idea that early manipulation within 12 weeks has a better outcome than those performed after 12 weeks. There may still be a benefit of manipulation until 26 weeks after which open arthrolysis may be needed to improve ROM.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Hamstel Road, Harlow CM20 1QX, UK ; 2 Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, 3 Department of Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mamarelis
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Hamstel Road, Harlow CM20 1QX, UK ; 2 Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, 3 Department of Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Karadi Hari
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sunil-Kumar
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Hamstel Road, Harlow CM20 1QX, UK ; 2 Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, 3 Department of Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khanduja
keywords: Arthrofibrosis; knee arthroplasty; manipulation; stiffness