title: Efficient Pb(II) removal using sodium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose gel beads: Preparation, characterization, and adsorption mechanism.
abstract: Alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel beads were prepared in this study using sodium alginate (SA) and sodium CMC through blending and cross-linking. The specific surface area and aperture of the prepared SA-CMC gel beads were tested. The SA-CMC structure was characterized and analyzed via infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Static adsorption experiment demonstrated that Pb(II) adsorption of SA-CMC exceeded 99% under the optimized conditions. In addition, experiments conducted under the same experimental conditions showed that the lead ion removal efficiency of SA-CMC was significantly higher than that of conventional adsorbents. The Pb(II) adsorption process of SA-CMC followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the dynamic adsorption model could be described through a pseudo-second-order rate equation. Pb(II) removal mechanisms of SA-CMC, including physical, chemical, and electrostatic adsorptions, were discussed based on microstructure analysis and adsorption kinetics. Chemical adsorption was the main adsorption method among these mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China. Electronic address: renhx138@163.com.
authors.forename: Huixue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China. Electronic address: wdj@sdjzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Daoji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiahui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
authors.forename: Youmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors.forename: Congwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007854:Lead; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
keywords: Adsorption; Calcium chloride (PubChem CID: 5284359); Carboxymethyl cellulose; Gel beads; Iron trichloride (PubChem CID: 24380); Lead nitrate (PubChem CID: 24924); Pb(II); Sodium alginate; Sodium alginate (PubChem CID: 6850754); Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 6328154)