title: Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR): a comparative study between powered and non-powered technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dacrocystorhinostomy (DCR) is an operation used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Essentially there are two approaches: external and endoscopic. Several modalities are used in endoscopic DCR; all aiming to improve success rate, reduce complications, and shorten operative time. Both kerrison punch and drill are widely used in endoscopic DCR with non-conclusive knowledge about differences in operative details as well as on the outcome. The aim of this study is to compare between powered (drill) and non-powered (kerrison punch) DCR to clarify the superiority of one over the other.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 59 patients who underwent endoscopic DCR procedure at our institution from June 2013 until July 2014 (34 kerrison punch and 32 powered drill). Operative details, surgical outcome and complications were compared between both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 66 endoscopic DCRs were performed on 59 patients. Procedure success rate among kerrison punch group was 87.88% vs. 90.9% in powered drill group (p = 0.827), while complications for both groups were statistical not significant (p = 0.91). The mean operating time among kerrison punch group was significantly lower than in powered drill group (75 min vs. 125 min, p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kerrison punch showed significant reduction in operating time when compared to powered drill for endoscopic DCR. No statistically significant difference was found between both groups regarding procedures' success rate and complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Islam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herzallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alzuraiqi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naif
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bawazeer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marglani
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. herabi@hotmail.com.|, P.O.Box 41405, Jeddah, 21521, Saudi Arabia. herabi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ameen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alherabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Qahtani
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Talal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Khatib
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alghamdi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult