title: Toxic effect of NiCl2 on development of the bursa of Fabricius in broiler chickens.
abstract: This study was conducted with objective of evaluating the toxic effects of nickel chloride (NiCl2) on development of bursa of Fabricius in broilers fed on diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days by using the methods of experimental pathology, flow cytometry (FCM), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that dietary NiCl2 in 300 mg/kg and over induced toxic suppression in the bursal development, which was characterized by decreasing lymphocytes histopathologically and relative weight, increasing G0/G1 phase (a prolonged nondividing state), reducing S phase (DNA replication) and proliferating index, and increasing percentages of apoptotic cells. Concurrently, the mRNA expression levels of bax, cytochrome c (cyt c), apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-7 and caspase-9 were increased and the bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were decreased. The toxic suppression of bursal development finally impaired humoral immunity duo to the reduction of B lymphocyte population and B lymphocyte activity in the broiler chicken. This study provides new evidences for further studying the effect mechanism of Ni and Ni compoundson B-cell or bursa of Fabricius.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Hengmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Zhicai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Bangyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Hongrui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D030161:Avian Proteins; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020169:Caspases
keywords: Immune response; Immunity; Immunology and Microbiology Section; NiCl2; apoptosis; cell cycle; lesion; relative weight