title: Congenital ossicular chain malformations with mobile stapes in children: Results in 17 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate surgical findings and hearing results in children undergoing surgery for congenital malformations of the ossicular chain with a mobile stapes footplate (Teunissen and Cremers class III malformations).
  
  
  METHODS
  A nonrandomized, nonblinded, prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen consecutive pediatric patients who underwent 17 surgical procedures for congenital ossicular malformations with a mobile stapes at a tertiary referral center were included. In 16 cases, postoperative pure-tone audiometry was available. The surgical technique for repair of the ossicular chain was dictated by the surgical findings at the time of surgery. The majority of the cases underwent ossiculoplasty. A Teflon piston, partial ossicular replacement prosthesis, or total ossicular replacement prosthesis was used in these cases. Associated surgical techniques included malleus relocation, Silastic banding, drilling out of a bony bridge, and a combination of these techniques. Hearing loss was evaluated using preoperative and postoperative four-frequency (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) audiometry. Air-conduction thresholds, bone-conduction thresholds, and air-bone gaps were measured. Postoperative audiometry was performed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery and at a yearly interval thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, a postoperative air-bone gap closure to 10 dB or less was achieved in 63% of the included cases. A postoperative air-bone gap closure to 20 dB or less was achieved in 75%. Postoperative sensorineural hearing loss did not occur in any of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ossicular reconstruction is a feasible treatment option in children with congenital malformations of the ossicular chain with a mobile stapes footplate.
  
  
  METHODS
  4. Laryngoscope, 126:682-688, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Causse Ear Clinic (r.v.), Traverse de Béziers, Colombiers, France.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Laura S M
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Derks
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilko
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grolman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D019933:Ossicular Replacement / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013199:Stapes / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Congenital ossicular chain malformations; Cremers classification; hearing loss; hearing results; mobile stapes; ossicular reconstruction; ossiculoplasty; pure-tone audiometry