title: Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Large U.S. Commercially Insured Pediatric Population, 2002-2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in a large population of U.S. commercially insured patients aged <18 years from 2002 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the U.S. MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, we identified 96,171 pediatric patients with diabetes and 3,161 pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy during 2002-2013. We estimated prevalence of pediatric diabetes overall, by diabetes type, age, and sex, and prevalence of pediatric diabetic nephropathy overall, by age, sex, and diabetes type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual prevalence of diabetes in the whole pediatric population increased from 1.86 to 2.82 per 1,000 during 2002-2013: 1.48 to 2.32 per 1,000 for type 1 diabetes and 0.38 to 0.67 per 1,000 for type 2 diabetes in 2002-2006 and then 0.56 to 0.49 per 1,000 thereafter. The annual prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in pediatric patients with diabetes increased from 1.16 to 3.44% for all cases and 0.83 to 2.32% for probable cases only in 2002-2013. Prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was highest in patients aged 12 to <18 years. While prevalence of type 1 diabetes was higher in male than in female youth, prevalence of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was higher in female than in male youth. There was no difference in prevalence of diabetic nephropathy by diabetes type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy increased in the U.S. MarketScan commercially insured pediatric population from 2002 to 2013. The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy markedly increased starting at age 12 years.
authors.affiliation: Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA linli07@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jick
authors.affiliation: Global Clinical Development, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breitenstein
authors.affiliation: Global Epidemiology, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology