title: Cognition and resting-state functional connectivity in schizophrenia.
abstract: Individuals with schizophrenia consistently display deficits in a multitude of cognitive domains, but the neurobiological source of these cognitive impairments remains unclear. By analyzing the functional connectivity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fcMRI) data in clinical populations like schizophrenia, research groups have begun elucidating abnormalities in the intrinsic communication between specific brain regions, and assessing relationships between these abnormalities and cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Here we review studies that have reported analysis of these brain-behavior relationships. Through this systematic review we found that patients with schizophrenia display abnormalities within and between regions comprising (1) the cortico-cerebellar-striatal-thalamic loop and (2) task-positive and task-negative cortical networks. Importantly, we did not observe unique relationships between specific functional connectivity abnormalities and distinct cognitive domains, suggesting that the observed functional systems may underlie mechanisms that are shared across cognitive abilities, the disturbance of which could contribute to the "generalized" cognitive deficit found in schizophrenia. We also note several areas of methodological change that we believe will strengthen this literature.
authors.affiliation: Washington University in St Louis, Department of Psychology, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA. Electronic address: Julia.sheffield@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Julia M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.affiliation: Washington University in St Louis, Department of Psychology, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA; Washington University in St Louis, Department of Psychiatry, 4940 Childrens Place, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Washington University in St Louis, Department of Radiology, 224 Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barch
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive dysmetria; Default mode network; Executive functioning; Functional brain networks; Functional connectivity; Generalized cognitive deficit; Go/NoGo; IQ; Reinforcement learning; Resting-state fMRI; Schizophrenia; Task-positive networks