title: RETRACTED: SSBP1 Suppresses TGFβ-Driven Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling.
abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive tumor subtype lacking effective prognostic indicators or therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial function is dysregulated frequently in cancer cells to allow for adaptation to a harsh tumor microenvironment. Targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics is, therefore, an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this study, we performed quantitative proteomic analyses in human parental and metastatic breast cancer cell lines to identify mitochondrial proteins involved in TNBC metastasis. We found that single-strand DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1) was downregulated in highly metastatic breast cancer cells. Moreover, SSBP1 downregulation promoted TNBC cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SSBP1 loss decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number, thereby potentiating calcineurin-mediated mitochondrial retrograde signaling that induced c-Rel/p50 nuclear localization, activated TGFβ promoter activity, and TGFβ-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Low SSBP1 expression correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients. Collectively, our findings identified SSBP1 as a novel metastasis suppressor and elucidated the mechanisms by which dysregulated mitochondrial signaling contributes to metastatic potential, providing potential new prognostic indicators for patients with TNBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: He-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shui-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liang-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery and Pharmacology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Long Hua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. jinwei7207@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C504091:NABP2 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta