title: Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Phospholipid-Based Polymeric Micelles Induces Biochemical and Histopathological Pulmonary Changes in Mice.
abstract: The biochemical and histopathological changes induced by the exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles coated with phospholipid-based polymeric micelles (IONPs-PM) in CD-1 mice lungs were analyzed. After 2, 3, 7 and 14 days following the intravenous injection of IONPs-PM (5 and 15 mg Fe/kg bw), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, oxidative stress parameters and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and TNF-α were evaluated in lung tissue. An increase of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities on the second day followed by a decrease on the seventh day, as well as a decline of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity on the third and seventh day were observed in treated groups vs. controls. However, all these enzymatic activities almost fully recovered on the 14th day. The reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols levels decreased significantly in nanoparticles-treated groups and remained diminished during the entire experimental period; by contrast malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls increased between the 3rd and 14th day of treatment vs. control. Relevant histopathological modifications were highlighted using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining. In addition, major changes in the expression of apoptosis markers were observed in the first week, more pronounced for the higher dose. The injected IONPs-PM generated a dose-dependent decrease of the mouse lung capacity, which counteracted oxidative stress, thus creating circumstances for morphopathological lesions and oxidation processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania. mihaela.radu@bio.unibuc.ro.|Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania. mihaela.radu@bio.unibuc.ro.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radu Balas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania. ioana.mihaela.din@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ioana Mihaela
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Din Popescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania. anca.hermenean@gmail.com.|Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 1 Feleacului, Arad 310396, Romania. anca.hermenean@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hermenean
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd, Bucharest 030018, Romania. ocinteza@gw-chimie.math.unibuc.ro.
authors.forename: Otilia Ludmila
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Cinteză
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti, Bucharest 011464, Romania. radu.burlacu@fifim.ro.
authors.forename: Radu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burlacu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania. biologie@uvvg.ro.
authors.forename: Aurel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardelean
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania. anca.dinischiotu@bio.unibuc.ro.
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dinischiotu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010316:Particle Size; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation
chemical_list: C519184:1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol 2000); D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008823:Micelles; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: apoptotic markers; histopathological alterations; oxidative stress; phospholipid micelles-coated iron oxide nanoparticles