title: Effect of Interleukin-10 and Laminar Shear Stress on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide in African American Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  African Americans have a predisposition to heightened systemic inflammation and a high prevalence of hypertension.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and laminar shear stress (LSS) on African American endothelial cells by measuring total endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and its phosphorylated form (p-eNOS) at Serine 1177, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, in response to IL-10 incubation and high physiological levels of LSS, used as an in vitro mimetic for aerobic exercise training (AEXT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from an African American donor were cultured. The experimental conditions included Static, Static with IL-10 Incubation, LSS at 20 dynes/cm², and LSS at 20 dynes/cm² with IL-10 Incubation. Western blotting was used to measure eNOS and p-eNOS protein expression in the cells. A modified Griess assay was used to measure NO metabolites in the cell culture media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant increases in p-eNOS, eNOS, and NO in the LSS at 20 dynes/cm² and LSS at 20 dynes/cm² with IL-10 Incubation experimental conditions when compared to the Static experimental condition. There were no other statistically significant differences demonstrating that IL-10 did not have an additive effect on eNOS activity in our study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant increases in p-eNOS, eNOS, and NO as a result of LSS in African American HUVECs suggest that AEXT may be a viable, nonpharmacologic method to improve vascular inflammation status and vasodilation, and thereby contribute to hypertension reduction in the African American population.
authors.affiliation: 1. Cedar Crest College, Allentown, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Dianne M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Babbitt
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Kinesiology, Temple University.
authors.forename: Ji-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Kinesiology, Temple University.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.affiliation: 3. Vascular Health Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Kinesiology, Temple University ; 4.Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Joon-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
keywords: African Americans; Endothelial Cells; Endothelial Dysfunction; Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Laminar Shear Stress; Nitric Oxide