title: Narrative overview of animal and human brucellosis in Morocco: intensification of livestock production as a driver for emergence?
abstract: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world caused by several species of the genus Brucella. The disease, eradicated in many developed countries, is a re-emerging neglected zoonosis endemic in several zones especially in the Mediterranean region, impacting on human health and livestock production. A One Health approach could address brucellosis control in Morocco but scarcity of reliable epidemiological data, as well as underreporting, hinders the implementation of sustainable control strategies. Surveillance and control policies implemented by the Moroccan government in domestic animals (cattle and small ruminants) in the last few decades are assessed for disease impact. This study considers the origins of animal brucellosis in Morocco and the potential for emergence of brucellosis during a shift from extensive to intensive livestock production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK. Marie.Ducrotoy@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ducrotoy
authors.affiliation: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Khaoula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ammary
authors.affiliation: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ait Lbacha
authors.affiliation: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zouagui
authors.affiliation: EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est, University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mick
authors.affiliation: Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, BE-2980, Zoersel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prevost
authors.affiliation: Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, BE-2980, Zoersel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bryssinckx
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Welburn
authors.affiliation: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Abdelali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benkirane
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002002:Brucella / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D002004:Brucella Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002007:Brucellosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002417:Cattle; D005843:Geography; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D012418:Ruminants; D014611:Vaccination; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002004:Brucella Vaccine