title: Preservation of Gene Duplication Increases the Regulatory Spectrum of Ribosomal Protein Genes and Enhances Growth under Stress.
abstract: In baker's yeast, the majority of ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) are duplicated, and it was recently proposed that such duplications are preserved via the functional specialization of the duplicated genes. However, the origin and nature of duplicated RPGs' (dRPGs) functional specificity remain unclear. In this study, we show that differences in dRPG functions are generated by variations in the modality of gene expression and, to a lesser extent, by protein sequence. Analysis of the sequence and expression patterns of non-intron-containing RPGs indicates that each dRPG is controlled by specific regulatory sequences modulating its expression levels in response to changing growth conditions. Homogenization of dRPG sequences reduces cell tolerance to growth under stress without changing the number of expressed genes. Together, the data reveal a model where duplicated genes provide a means for modulating the expression of ribosomal proteins in response to stress.
authors.affiliation: Université de Sherbrooke Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parenteau
authors.affiliation: Université de Sherbrooke Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Université de Sherbrooke Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catala
authors.affiliation: Université de Sherbrooke Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malik-Ghulam
authors.affiliation: Université de Sherbrooke Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jules
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.affiliation: Université de Sherbrooke Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada. Electronic address: sherif.abou.elela@usherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abou Elela
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020440:Gene Duplication; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000378:metabolism; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C056368:ribosomal protein L4
keywords: UTR; antibiotic resistance; duplicated genes; hygromycin; intergene regulation; ribosomal proteins; ribosome; ribosome code; ribosome heterogeneity