title: Antioxidant Activity/Capacity Measurement. 3. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) Scavenging Assays, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Chromatographic/Chemometric Assays.
abstract: There are many studies in which the antioxidant potential of different foods have been analyzed. However, there are still conflicting results and lack of information as a result of unstandardized assay techniques and differences between the principles of the methods applied. The measurement of antioxidant activity, especially in the case of mixtures, multifunctional or complex multiphase systems, cannot be evaluated satisfactorily using a simple antioxidant test due to the many variables influencing the results. In the literature, there are many antioxidant assays that are used to measure the total antioxidant activity/capacity of food materials. In this review, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) scavenging assays are evaluated with respect to their mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and potential use in food systems. On the other hand, in vivo antioxidant activity (AOA) assays including oxidative stress biomarkers and cellular-based assays are covered within the scope of this review. Finally, chromatographic and chemometric assays are reviewed, focusing on their benefits especially with respect to their time saving, cost-effective, and sensitive nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Reşat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Apak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özyürek
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Güçlü
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çapanoğlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: ROS/RNS scavenging assays; antioxidant activity; chemometric methods; chromatographic methods; oxidative stress biomarkers; total antioxidant capacity