title: In vitro experiments of vessel wall apposition between the Enterprise and Enterprise 2 stents for treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A closed-cell stent called Enterprise has been used for stent-assisted coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms. The Enterprise stent tends to cause kinks and vessel wall malposition in curved vessels and may cause thromboembolic complications. We evaluated vessel wall apposition of a new closed-cell stent, Enterprise 2, compared with a previous Enterprise stent, using curved vascular silicone models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Enterprise or Enterprise 2 stent was deployed in curved vascular models with various radii of approximately 5 to 10 mm. Stent deployment was performed 25 times in each stent. A push-pull technique was used to minimize incomplete wall apposition. To evaluate conformity of stents, gaps between a stent and a vessel wall were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gap ratio (gap / a wall diameter) was 15 % ± 17 % (mean ± standard deviation) and 41 % ± 15 % with the Enterprise 2 stent and the Enterprise stent, respectively. Taking gap ratios and radii of vessel curvature into consideration, the Enterprise 2 stent had significantly better wall apposition than the Enterprise stent (p = 0.005). In the same radius of vessel curvature, the Enterprise 2 stent had approximately half of the gap compared with the Enterprise stent. There were no significant differences in vessel straightening effects between the two stents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Enterprise 2 stent has better wall apposition in curved vessels than the Enterprise stent. The gap between a vessel wall and the Enterprise 2 stent is approximately half that of the Enterprise stent. However, gaps and kinks are still present in curved vessels with a small radius. Caution should be taken for kinks and malposition in acutely curved vessels, such as the siphon of the internal carotid artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan. vyr01450@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
mesh_terms: D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000628:therapy*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012828:Silicones; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones
keywords: Closed-cell stents; Enterprise 2 stent; Silicone model; Stent-assisted coil embolization; Wall apposition