title: Relation between conversion degree and cytotoxicity of a flowable bulk-fill and three conventional flowable resin-composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate if the cytotoxic effects of the Surefil SDR flow, bulk fill flowable composite resin and three conventional flowable materials (Venus Diamond Flow, Filtex Supreme XTE Flowable and Enamel plus HRi Flow) correlated with the conversion degree (DC); hardness and depth of cure are also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disks of each materials--cured using LED lamp--are utilized to evaluate DC (by FT-IR technique), amount of leached monomers (by HPLC technique), hardness (by Vickers hardness tester) and cytotoxicity (by MTT test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tested materials show light cytotoxic effects, independently from DC values. Both the latter parameter and the hardness, in fact, change in function of thickness and type of material. HPLC results show that the monomers amount leached from each specimen is influenced by thickness but it is always very low which justifies the absence of any cytotoxic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that there are not statistically significant differences in cytotoxicity in all experimental conditions, notwithstanding the differences in hardness and in degree of conversion.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy. luca.marigo@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marigo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malara
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nocca
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003603:Cytotoxins; D003764:Dental Materials; C553871:Surefil SDR Flow; C542517:Venus flow composite resin; C111840:flowable hybrid composite