title: Conceptualizing a subtype of patients with chronic pain: The necessity of obtaining a history of sexual abuse.
abstract: Lifetime history of sexual abuse is estimated to range between 15% and 25% in the general female population. Cross-sectional studies have shown that sexual assault survivors frequently report chronic musculoskeletal pain and functional somatic syndromes. Treating chronic pain with opioids went from being largely discouraged to being included in standards of care and titrating doses until patients self-report adequate control has become common practice, with 8% to 30% of patients with chronic noncancer pain receiving opioids. In this clinical review, we will discuss the association between survivors of sexual assault and chronic pain/functional somatic syndromes. We will further review evidence-based treatment strategies for this "pain-prone phenotype."
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA spiegedr@evms.edu.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Ayesha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shaukat
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Aidan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mccroskey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Tamana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simmelink
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Oldfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faschan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raulli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Centralized Pain Syndromes; Childhood sexual abuse; and Opiate Misuse