title: Anti-inflammatory, Anti-nociceptive and Total polyphenolic Content of Hydroethanolic Extract ofOcimum gratissimumL. Leaves.
abstract: Ocimum gratissimumhas been reported in several ethnopharmacological surveys as a plant readily accessible to the communities and widely used with a lot of therapeutic potentials. In this study, we aimed to experimentally evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of hydro-ethanolic extract in animal models of inflammation and nociception and membrane stabilization assay.O gratissimumleaves hydroethanolic extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and spectrophotometric quantification of polyphenolics. The extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan -induced paw oedema and cotton pellet - induced granuloma in rats. The antinociceptive effects were investigated in acetic acid -induced writhing in mice and formalin test in rats. Animals were randomly divided into groups; negative control, extract treated (200 -800 mg/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) standard reference groups. In- vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed by testing for membrane stability in heat/hypotonic solution -induced rat erythrocytes destabilization assay. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardenolides. Quantification of the polyphenolic content revealed the presence of appreciable quantities of phenolics and flavonoids. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton-pellet granuloma, acetic acid -induced writhing and formalin induced paw licking tests showed that hydroethanolic extract ofO gratissimumpossess anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. The extract did not induce gastric lesion formation in stomach of cotton-pellet granuloma rats. The extract was more efficient at reducing membrane destabilization than indomethacin in the membrane stability assay. These results suggest that hydroethanolic extract ofO gratissimumleaves exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects in the animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ajayi
authors.affiliation: Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Tanayen
authors.affiliation: Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda.
authors.forename: Joc
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ezeonwumelu
authors.affiliation: Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dare
authors.affiliation: Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okwanachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, PMB 21 Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adzu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ademowo
keywords: Ocimum gratissimum; carrageenan; erythrocytes; hydroethanolic; polyphenolic