title: Qualitative impact of salinity, UV radiation and turbulence on leaching of organic plastic additives from four common plastics - A lab experiment.
abstract: Four common consumer plastic samples (polyethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylchloride) were studied to investigate the impact of physical parameters such as turbulence, salinity and UV irradiance on leaching behavior of selected plastic components. Polymers were exposed to two different salinities (i.e. 0 and 35 g/kg), UV radiation and turbulence. Additives (e.g. bisphenol A, phthalates, citrates, and Irgafos® 168 phosphate) and oligomers were detected in initial plastics and aqueous extracts. Identification and quantification was performed by GC-FID/MS. Bisphenol A and citrate based additives are leached easier compared to phthalates. The print highly contributed to the chemical burden of the analyzed polyethylene bag. The study underlines a positive relationship between turbulence and magnitude of leaching. Salinity had a minor impact that differs for each analyte. Global annual release of additives from assessed plastics into marine environments is estimated to be between 35 and 917 tons, of which most are derived from plasticized polyvinylchloride.
authors.affiliation: Jacobs University Bremen, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim Jesper
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Suhrhoff
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, PO Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Electronic address: bsb@icbm.de.
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Scholz-Böttcher
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D054712:Salinity; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010969:Plastics; D020959:Polyethylene; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Additives; Consumer plastic; Leaching; Saltwater; Turbulence; UV