title: Protective Effect of Chitin Urocanate Nanofibers against Ultraviolet Radiation.
abstract: Urocanic acid is a major ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing chromophore. Chitins are highly crystalline structures that are found predominantly in crustacean shells. Alpha-chitin consists of microfibers that contain nanofibrils embedded in a protein matrix. Acid hydrolysis is a common method used to prepare chitin nanofibrils (NFs). We typically obtain NFs by hydrolyzing chitin with acetic acid. However, in the present study, we used urocanic acid to prepare urocanic acid chitin NFs (UNFs) and examined its protective effect against UVB radiation. Hos: HR-1 mice coated with UNFs were UVB irradiated (302 nm, 150 mJ/cm²), and these mice showed markedly lower UVB radiation-induced cutaneous erythema than the control. Additionally, sunburn cells were rarely detected in the epidermis of UNFs-coated mice after UVB irradiation. Although the difference was not as significant as UNFs, the number of sunburn cells in mice treated with acetic acid chitin nanofibrils (ANFs) tended to be lower than in control mice. These results demonstrate that ANFs have a protective effect against UVB and suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of NFs influence the protective effect of ANFs against UVB radiation. The combination of NFs with other substances that possess UV-protective effects, such as urocanic acid, may provide an enhanced protective effect against UVB radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. i.ikuko95@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Omura Toryo Co., Ltd., 87, 3-Chome, Chiyomi, Tottori 680-0991, Japan. omurapar@apionet.or.jp.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.affiliation: Omura Toryo Co., Ltd., 87, 3-Chome, Chiyomi, Tottori 680-0991, Japan. omurap@apionet.or.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. tosaki@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. sifuku@chem.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ifuku
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. saimoto@chem.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. kazu-azuma@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. imagawat@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. tsuka@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. ymurahata@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murahata
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. taromobile@me.com.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. yokamoto@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. saburominami@ncn-t.net.
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004890:Erythema / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D057139:Nanofibers; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014560:Urocanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002686:Chitin; D014560:Urocanic Acid
keywords: UVB; chitin nanofibrils; erythema; sunburn cell; urocanic acid