title: Sociodemographic and Clinical Predictors of Self-Management among People with Poorly Controlled Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Illness Perceptions and Self-Efficacy.
abstract: Self-management is critical if people with diabetes are to minimise their risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications, yet adherence to self-management recommendations is suboptimal. Understanding the predictors of optimal diabetes self-management in specific populations is needed to inform effective interventions. This study investigated the role of demographic and clinical characteristics, illness perceptions, and self-efficacy in explaining adherence to self-management recommendations among people with poorly controlled diabetes in North West of England. Illness perceptions and self-efficacy data were collected using validated questionnaires and clinical data were obtained from hospital records. Correlations were used to investigate bivariate relationships between independent variables and self-management, and multiple regression techniques were used to determine demographic and psychosocial predictors of self-management. Various demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with adherence to self-management recommendations. In particular, employment status explained 11% of the variation in adherence to foot care whilst diabetes treatment category explained 9% of exercise and 21% of the variations in SMBG recommendations. Also, 22% and 8% of the variations in overall self-management were explained by illness perceptions and self-efficacy beliefs, respectively. Illness perceptions and self-efficacy beliefs of people with poorly controlled diabetes are important predictors of their self-management behaviours and could potentially guide effective interventions.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University London, London E1 6PX, UK.
authors.forename: Abdul-Razak
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abubakari
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Aintree University Teaching Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Cecil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK.
authors.forename: Dushyant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK.
authors.forename: Ebrahim K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Naderali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires