title: Cognitive function and disability in late life: an ecological validation of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests among community-dwelling older adults in South India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 10/66 Dementia Research Group developed and validated a culture and education fair battery of cognitive tests for diagnosis of dementia in population-based studies in low-income and middle-income countries including India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between individual domains of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests and 'disability' and 'functional impairment' in community-dwelling older adults in South India.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-nine adults aged 60-90 years residing in Karunapura, in the city of Mysore, were interviewed in their own homes. Cognitive functioning was measured by administering the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests that composes of Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI'D' COGSCORE), verbal fluency (VF) and word list memory recall (WLMR). A reliable informant was interviewed to ascertain if the subject's cognitive problems have resulted in functional impairment. Disability was measured by WHO Disability Schedule-II (DAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women had significantly lower CSI'D' COGSCORE score when compared with men (p = 0.002). The presence of 'functional impairment' resulting from cognitive decline was significantly associated with lower scores on VF (p = 0.03), WLMR (p = 0.03) and CSI'D' COGSCOREs (p < 0.01). There was a significant inverse association between WHO DAS II score and WLMR (p = 0.004), VF (0.006) and CSI'D' COGSCORE scores (p ≤ 0.001) even after adjusting for self-reported ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive airway disease, hypertension and diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower scores on individual domains of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests are associated with higher levels of disability and functional impairment in community-dwelling older adults. These culture and education fair tests are suitable for use in population-based research in India. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome DBT Early Career Fellow, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.affiliation: CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beulah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, UK.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: FRAMe, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sundarachari
authors.affiliation: CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Saroja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: A
authors.affiliation: MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Kalyanaraman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumaran
authors.affiliation: CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Karat
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: J R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.affiliation: MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*
keywords: 10/66 Dementia Research; cognitive function; disability; late life; validation