title: Identification of emotional expressiveness in facial photographs over 36 h of extended vigilance in healthy young men-a preliminary study.
abstract: Changes in sleep patterns negatively influence some emotional responses, but their effects on facial expressiveness identification are unclear. To investigate these effects, 21 young, healthy, male volunteers of intermediate chronotype evaluated emotional expressiveness of faces depicting 6 basic emotions in 5 emotional gradients every 4 h over 36 h of continuous wakefulness. To measure attention and mood we used the Psychomotor Vigilance test and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Expanded, respectively. We found effects of emotional gradient for all types of emotions (100% > 80% > 60% > 40% > 20%) during all tested periods, with no indications of circadian effects. The only emotional rating to be affected was disgust, which was progressively blunted throughout the experiment. This effect did not parallel homeostatic and circadian changes in mood, alertness or attention. We conclude that identifying disgust on facial photographs is particularly sensitive to lack of sleep irrespective of sleep-induced changes in mood and attention in males.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Psicologia , Faculdade União das Américas - UNIAMÉRICA , Foz do Iguaçu , Brazil.|c Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuliano Emerenciano
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ginani
authors.affiliation: b Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa -AFIP , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pradella-Hallinan
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pompéia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001288:Attention; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D064368:Healthy Volunteers / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Sleep; affect; attention; circadian rhythm; disgust; facial expression