title: Expression analysis of α-smooth muscle actin and tenascin-C in the periodontal ligament under orthodontic loading or in vitro culture.
abstract: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and tenascin-C are stress-induced phenotypic features of myofibroblasts. The expression levels of these two proteins closely correlate with the extracellular mechanical microenvironment. We investigated how the expression of α-SMA and tenascin-C was altered in the periodontal ligament (PDL) under orthodontic loading to indirectly reveal the intrinsic mechanical microenvironment in the PDL. In this study, we demonstrated the synergistic effects of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and mechanical tensile or compressive stress on myofibroblast differentiation from human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). The hPDLCs under higher tensile or compressive stress significantly increased their levels of α-SMA and tenascin-C compared with those under lower tensile or compressive stress. A similar trend was observed in the tension and compression areas of the PDL under continuous light or heavy orthodontic load in rats. During the time-course analysis of expression, we observed that an increase in α-SMA levels was matched by an increase in tenascin-C levels in the PDL under orthodontic load in vivo. The time-dependent variation of α-SMA and tenascin-C expression in the PDL may indicate the time-dependent variation of intrinsic stress under constant extrinsic loading.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: L-Bruno
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ruest
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: Jian Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019063:Tenascin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019063:Tenascin; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat