title: Drugs Targeting the Canonical NF-κB Pathway to Treat Viral and Autoimmune Myocarditis.
abstract: Myocarditis, which is commonly known as heart inflammation, is a multifaceted disease that includes at least three phases. The host's immune system is mostly active during the first viral and the second autoimmune phase, when several inflammatory pathways are activated. One of the pivotal transcription factors that regulate immune responses is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). If, on one side, the acute response to heart injury activates the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect and limit host damage, on the other side sustained and long-term inflammation is one of the leading causes of cardiac hypertrophy and chronic heart failure. An update on the current knowledge of inhibitors and treatments that limit excessive inflammation in experimental and viral autoimmune myocarditis, and therapeutic approaches to cure patients with myocarditis, are described and discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. alan.valaperti@vetbio.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valaperti
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007211:Indoles; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000077340:Fluvastatin