title: Optimized permeation enhancer for topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil-loaded elastic liposome using Design Expert: part II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prepare and optimize the topical elastic liposome (EL)-loaded carbopol-980 gel of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) containing permeation enhancers (azone, propylene glycol (PG) and lauryl alcohol (LA)) and further evaluation for permeation flux of 5-FU, the activation energy and irritation in the rat skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  EL formulations were prepared using phosphatidylcholine and varied surfactants (Span 60, Span 80 and Tween-80) by rotator evaporation method and optimized by experimental design. In vitro characterizations dictated the EL containing Span 80 (lipid:surfactant = 7:3) (EL3-S80) for further optimization of gel. Different gel formulations (5% w/w) with varying concentration (1-3%) of permeation enhancers were prepared and evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, the 5-FU permeation and deposition. The activation energy using the Franz diffusion cell and the plausible irritation using the Draize test were assessed on the albino rat and rabbit, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EL3-S80 was selected as an optimized EL owing to maximum desirability (0.99) and enhanced 5-FU flux (187.86 ± 14.1 μg/cm(2)/h). EL3-S80 suspension loaded gels (0.5%) revealed reduced viscosity leading to higher spreadability than blank gel. EL containing 3% azone in gel, EL containing 3% LA in gel and EL containing 3% PG in gel portrayed 187.86 ± 14.1, 117.7 ± 13.4 and 106.7 ± 7.3 μg/cm(2)/h as enhanced 5-FU flux values, respectively as compared to drug solution (8.8 ± 0.76 μg/cm(2)/h). Furthermore, reduced value of activation energy (2.63-folds) and the non-irritancy of gel could be effective and safe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ELA-3 gel formulation could be used as an effective and economic gel in cutaneous cancer and skin-related keratoses.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India and.
authors.forename: Afzal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India and.
authors.forename: Md Wasimul
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India and.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi , India.
authors.forename: Farhan Jalees
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004548:Elasticity; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D007642:Keratosis / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: 5-Fluorouracil; elastic liposome; experimental design; permeation flux; topical delivery