title: Antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects of Nigella sativa essential oil coated gold nanoparticles.
abstract: This study reports the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using essential oil of Nigella sativa (NsEO-AuNPs). The synthesized NsEO-AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-vis spectra of NsEO-AuNPs showed strong absorption peak at 540 nm. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed crystalline nature of nanoparticle with distinctive facets (111, 200, 220 and 311 planes) of NsEO-AuNPs. The FTIR spectra recorded peaks at 3388, 2842, 1685, 1607, 1391 and 1018 cm(-1). TEM studies showed the spherical shape of nanoparticles and the particle size ranges between 15.6 and 28.4 nm. The antibacterial activity of NsEO-AuNPs was greater against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 9542 (16 mm) than Gram negative Vibrio harveyi MTCC 7771 (5 mm) at the concentration of 10 μg ml(-1). NsEO-AuNPs effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of S. aureus and V. harveyi by decreasing the hydrophobicity index (78% and 46% respectively). The in-vitro anti-lung cancer activity confirmed by MTT assay on the cell line of A549 carcinoma cells showed IC50 values of bulk Au at 87.2 μg ml(-1), N. sativa essential oil at 64.15 μg ml(-1) and NsEO-AuNPs at 28.37 μg ml(-1). The IC50 value showed that NsEO-AuNPs was highly effective in inhibiting the A549 lung cancer cells compared to bulk Au and N. sativa essential oil.
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, 4th Floor, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sivalingam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manju
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, 4th Floor, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Balasubramanian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malaikozhundan
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, 4th Floor, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sekar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, 4th Floor, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sathappan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanthi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ameeramja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaishabanu
authors.affiliation: Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Perumal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekambaram
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, 4th Floor, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: vaseeharanb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Baskaralingam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaseeharan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D031881:Nigella sativa / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D006046:Gold
keywords: Antibacterial; Antibiofilm; AuNPs; Cytotoxicity; Essential oil; Infrared spectroscopy; Lung cancer cells; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)