title: Respiratory Muscle Strength, Sound Pressure Level, and Vocal Acoustic Parameters and Waist Circumference of Children With Different Nutritional Status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relate respiratory muscle strength (RMS), sound pressure (SP) level, and vocal acoustic parameters to the abdominal circumference (AC) and nutritional status of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two school children aged between 8 and 10 years, grouped by nutritional states (eutrophic, overweight, or obese) and AC percentile (≤25, 25-75, and ≥75), were included in the study. Evaluations of maximal inspiratory pressure (IPmax) and maximal expiratory pressure (EPmax) were conducted using the manometer and SP and acoustic parameters through the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program Advanced (KayPENTAX, Montvale, New Jersey).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the EPmax of children with AC between the 25th and 75th percentiles (72.4) and those less than or equal to the 25th percentile (61.9) and in the SP of those greater than or equal to the 75th percentile (73.4) and less than or equal to the 25th percentile (66.6). The IPmax, EPmax, SP levels, and acoustic variables were not different in relation to the nutritional states of the children. There was a strong and positive correlation between the coefficient of amplitude perturbations (shimmer), the harmonics-to-noise ratio and the variation of the fundamental frequency, respectively, 0.79 and 0.71.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RMS and acoustic voice characteristics in children do not appear to be influenced by nutritional states, and respiratory pressure does not interfere with acoustic voice characteristics. However, localized fat, represented by the AC, alters the EPmax and the SP, each of which increases as the AC increases.
authors.affiliation: Human Communication Disorders, Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: fepascotini@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda dos Santos
authors.initials: Fdos S
authors.lastname: Pascotini
authors.affiliation: Human Communication Disorders, Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Veis
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Human Communication Disorders, Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mara Keli
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Christmann
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lidia Lis
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Tomasi
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dellazzana
authors.affiliation: Human Communication Disorders, Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leris Salete Bonfanti
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Haeffner
authors.affiliation: Human Communication Disorders, Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cielo
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D053580:Muscle Strength; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010699:Phonation; D011312:Pressure; D012119:Respiration; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013016:Sound; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014833:Voice Quality; D055105:Waist Circumference
keywords: Breath; Muscle strength; Obesity; Voice