title: Cephalometric norms and esthetic profile preference for the Japanese: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cephalometric parameters and esthetic preferences of a pleasant face for the Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the present study, the following databases were accessed: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Initial inclusion criteria comprised studies written in English and quoting cephalometric norms and/or facial attractiveness in Japanese adults. No time period of publication was determined. The quality features evaluated were sample description, variables analyzed and how cephalometric standards or facial profile were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, 60 articles were retrieved. From the selected studies, 13 abstracts met the initial inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups; seven articles were included in Group I and six articles in Group II, according to the criteria of evaluation: cephalometric or facial analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japanese are characterized by having a less convex skeletal profile, bilabial protrusion, less prominent nose, more retruded chin and protruded mandibular incisor. Despite living in a society with homogeneous patterns, they seem to get an esthetic preference for white-like features. Therefore, in addition to ethnic normative values, patient's preferences to establish individual treatment plans should always be considered.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Nemetz
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bronfman
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinzan
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Lima
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002508:Cephalometry; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D044465:White People