title: c-Rel Regulates Inscuteable Gene Expression during Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.
abstract: Inscuteable (Insc) regulates cell fate decisions in several types of stem cells. Although it is recognized that the expression levels of mouse INSC govern the balance between symmetric and asymmetric stem cell division, regulation of mouse Insc gene expression remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that mouse Insc expression transiently increases at an early stage of differentiation, when mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells differentiate into bipotent mesendoderm capable of producing both endoderm and mesoderm in defined culture conditions. We identified the minimum transcriptional regulatory element (354 bases) that drives mouse Insc transcription in mES cells within a region >5 kb upstream of the mouse Insc transcription start site. We found that the transcription factor reticuloendotheliosis oncogene (c-Rel) bound to the minimum element and promoted mouse Insc expression in mES cells. In addition, short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of either mouse INSC or c-Rel protein decreased mesodermal cell populations without affecting differentiation into the mesendoderm or endoderm. Furthermore, overexpression of mouse INSC rescued the mesoderm-reduced phenotype induced by knockdown of c-Rel. We propose that regulation of mouse Insc expression by c-Rel modulates cell fate decisions during mES cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, the Department of Mammalian Regulatory Networks, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Riki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, the Department of Mammalian Regulatory Networks, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozuki
authors.affiliation: the Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.affiliation: the Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumimoto
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, the Department of Mammalian Regulatory Networks, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ftoyoshi@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D051956:Goosecoid Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000066450:Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051956:Goosecoid Protein; C497993:Gsc protein, mouse; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C561632:inscuteable protein, mouse
keywords: cell differentiation; cell division; embryonic stem cell; gene transcription; promoter