title: Monitoring HIV-1 Group M Subtypes in Yaoundé, Cameroon Reveals Broad Genetic Diversity and a Novel CRF02_AG/F2 Infection.
abstract: Broad HIV-1 genetic diversity in Cameroon provides a unique opportunity to monitor HIV-1 evolution and allows the detection of novel strains. We have genetically characterized the HIV-1 subtypes found in 156 samples from 90 drug-naive subjects in Yaoundé, Cameroon collected from 2011 to 2013, using phylogenetic analysis of regions in gag and pol. We identified subtypes CRF02_AG (64.9%), CRF22_01A1 (7.1%), D (4.5%), F2 (3.9%), G (3.2%), CRF18_cpx (3.2%), CRF37_cpx (3.2%), CRF11_cpx (2.6%), CRF13_cpx (1.9%), A1 (1.3%), CRF01_AE (1.3%), CRF09_cpx (1.3%), A2 (0.6%), and H (0.6%). Sequence data for both the gag and pol regions were obtained from 62 subjects; for 59 of these subjects the two regions were identified as the same viral subtype while three subjects were discordant, A1/CRF02_AG (subject MDC006), CRF02_AG/F2 (subject MDC179), and a dual infection with CRF02_AG/F2 (subject MDC131). Longitudinal sequence data were obtained for 28 of these 62 subjects and confirmed the cross-sectional results. These data update subtype information for this area and highlight the necessity of such studies due to the numerous circulating subtypes, the ongoing superinfection, and the risk of emerging novel recombinant viruses.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York.
authors.forename: Colleen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Science, University of Dschang , Dschang, Cameroon .|3 Medical Diagnostic Center , Yaoundé, Cameroon .
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agyingi
authors.affiliation: 4 School of Laboratory Technicians , Yaoundé, Cameroon .
authors.forename: Arlette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fokou
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Biophysics and Systems Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai , New York, New York.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.affiliation: 3 Medical Diagnostic Center , Yaoundé, Cameroon .
authors.forename: Bladine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asaah
authors.affiliation: 3 Medical Diagnostic Center , Yaoundé, Cameroon .|6 General Hospital of Yaoundé , Yaoundé, Cameroon .
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meli
authors.affiliation: 3 Medical Diagnostic Center , Yaoundé, Cameroon .
authors.forename: Johnson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ngai
authors.affiliation: 7 Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transmission Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hewlett
authors.affiliation: 8 Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York.|9 Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare Systems , New York, New York.
authors.forename: Phillipe N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Nyambi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus