title: Microdosed Lipid-Coated (67)Ga-Magnetite Enhances Antigen-Specific Immunity by Image Tracked Delivery of Antigen and CpG to Lymph Nodes.
abstract: Development of vaccines to prevent and treat emerging new pathogens and re-emerging infections and cancer remains a major challenge. An attractive approach is to build the vaccine upon a biocompatible NP that simultaneously acts as accurate delivery vehicle and radiotracer for PET/SPECT imaging for ultrasensitive and quantitative in vivo imaging of NP delivery to target tissues/organs. Success in developing these nanovaccines will depend in part on having a "correct" NP size and accommodating and suitably displaying antigen and/or adjuvants (e.g., TLR agonists). Here we develop and evaluate a NP vaccine based on iron oxide-selective radio-gallium labeling suitable for SPECT((67)Ga)/PET((68)Ga) imaging and efficient delivery of antigen (OVA) and TLR 9 agonists (CpGs) using lipid-coated magnetite micelles. OVA, CpGs and rhodamine are easily accommodated in the hybrid micelles, and the average size of the construct can be controlled to be ca. 40 nm in diameter to target direct lymphatic delivery of the vaccine cargo to antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the lymph nodes (LNs). While the OVA/CpG-loaded construct showed effective delivery to endosomal TLR 9 in APCs, SPECT imaging demonstrated migration from the injection site to regional and nonregional LNs. In correlation with the imaging results, a range of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that by using this microdosed nanosystem the cellular and humoral immune responses are greatly enhanced and provide protection against tumor challenge. These results suggest that these nanosystems have considerable potential for image-guided development of targeted vaccines that are more effective and limit toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Theranostic Nanomedicine Laboratory, Cooperative Centre for Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) , Paseo Miramón 182, 20009-San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Ane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-de-Angulo
authors.affiliation: Theranostic Nanomedicine Laboratory, Cooperative Centre for Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) , Paseo Miramón 182, 20009-San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Aintzane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zabaleta
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry Platform, Cooperative Centre for Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) , Paseo Miramón 182, 20009-San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gómez-Vallejo
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory, Cooperative Centre for Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) , Paseo Miramón 182, 20009-San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llop
authors.affiliation: Theranostic Nanomedicine Laboratory, Cooperative Centre for Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) , Paseo Miramón 182, 20009-San Sebastián, Spain.|IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011-Bilbao, Spain.|School of Engineering, The University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mareque-Rivas
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015870:Gene Expression; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008823:Micelles; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008823:Micelles; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012235:Rhodamines; C495370:Tlr9 protein, mouse; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: drug delivery; immunotherapy; multifunctional nanoparticles; multimodal imaging; synthetic vaccines; theranostics; toll-like receptors