title: A Framework for Identifying Selective Chemical Applications for IPM in Dryland Agriculture.
abstract: Shifts to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in agriculture are assisted by the identification of chemical applications that provide effective control of pests relative to broad-spectrum pesticides but have fewer negative effects on natural enemy (beneficial) groups that assist in pest control. Here, we outline a framework for identifying such applications and apply this framework to field trials involving the crop establishment phase of Australian dryland cropping systems. Several chemicals, which are not presently available to farmers in Australia, were identified as providing moderate levels of pest control and seedling protection, with the potential to be less harmful to beneficial groups including predatory mites, predatory beetles and ants. This framework highlights the challenges involved in chemically controlling pests while maintaining non-target populations when pest species are present at damaging levels.
authors.affiliation: School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. pumina@unimelb.edu.au.|<b>cesar</b> Pty. Ltd, 293 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. pumina@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Umina
authors.affiliation: School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. sommerjenkins@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sommer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: <b>cesar</b> Pty. Ltd, 293 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. samccoll@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McColl
authors.affiliation: <b>cesar</b> Pty. Ltd, 293 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. astonarthur@bigpond.com.
authors.forename: Aston
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. ary@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ary A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
keywords: agro-ecosystems; invertebrate; pesticide; pests; toxicity