title: Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack on central nervous system (CNS) myelin, leading to axon damage and progressive disability. The existing therapies for MS are only partially effective and are associated with undesirable side effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been clinically used to treat inflammation, and to induce tissue healing and repair processes. However, there are no reports about the effects and mechanisms of LLLT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS. Here, we report the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of LLLT (AlGaInP, 660 nm and GaAs, 904 nm) irradiated on the spinal cord during EAE development. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Our results showed that LLLT consistently reduced the clinical score of EAE and delayed the disease onset, and also prevented weight loss induced by immunization. Furthermore, these beneficial effects of LLLT seem to be associated with the down-regulation of NO levels in the CNS, although the treatment with LLLT failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant defense during EAE. Finally, histological analysis showed that LLLT blocked neuroinflammation through a reduction of inflammatory cells in the CNS, especially lymphocytes, as well as preventing demyelination in the spinal cord after EAE induction. Together, our results suggest the use of LLLT as a therapeutic application during autoimmune neuroinflammatory responses, such as MS.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .|b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Elaine D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Priscila S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lieberknecht
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Giulia S P
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Fidelis
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Paulo C L
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Pinho
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .|b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.|c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dutra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Demyelination; T cell; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; neuroinflammation; spinal cord