title: Differential frequency modulation of neural activity in the lateral cerebellar nucleus in failed and successful grasps.
abstract: The olivo-cerebellar system has an essential role in the detection and adaptive correction of movement errors. While there is evidence of an error signal in the cerebellar cortex and inferior olivary nucleus, the deep cerebellar nuclei have been less thoroughly investigated. Here, we recorded local field potential activity in the rodent lateral cerebellar nucleus during a skilled reaching task and compared event-related changes in neural activity between unsuccessful and successful attempts. Increased low gamma (40-50 Hz) band power was present throughout the reach and grasp behavior, with no difference between successful and unsuccessful trials. Beta band (12-30 Hz) power, however, was significantly increased in unsuccessful reaches, compared to successful, throughout the trial, including during the epoch preceding knowledge of the trial's outcome. This beta band activity was greater in unsuccessful trials of high-performing days, compared to unsuccessful trials of low-performing days, indicating that this activity may reflect an error prediction signal, developed over the course of motor learning. These findings suggest an error-related discriminatory oscillatory hallmark of movement in the deep cerebellar nuclei.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooperrider
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Raghavan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Hugh H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Connor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wathen
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Aasef G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States. Electronic address: machada@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D014741:Video Recording; D059015:Wireless Technology
keywords: Cerebellum; Deep brain stimulation; Local field potentials; Skilled reaching