title: 25-Hydroxy-vitamin D level may predict presence of coronary collaterals in patients with chronic coronary total occlusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sufficient coronary collateral circulation (CCC) protects myocardial tissue against ischemia in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Vitamin D is a steroid hormone which has been related to increased prevalence of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is an association between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and development of CCC in patients with coronary CTO.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 188 patients with CTO at coronary angiography were included in this study. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured on the day of coronary angiography. Development of collateral circulation was graded according to the Rentrop classification after coronary angiography. Then, patients were divided into two groups on the basis of CCC grades: group 1 included 68 (36%) patients with poorly developed CCC, and group 2 included 120 (64%) patients with well-developed CCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with poorly developed CCC had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels compared to those with well-developed CCC (20 ±3 vs. 30 ±6 ng/ml, p<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (OR = 1.794, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.453-2.216; p<0.001) as an independent predictor of poor collateral flow in patients with CTO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low vitamin D level is an independent predictor of poor CCC in patients with CTO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarli
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Oguz
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Baktir
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurtul
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akpek
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Odabas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dondurmacı
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugurlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eyup
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozkan
keywords: chronic total occlusion; coronary collateral circulation; vitamin D