title: Genomic insights into growth and its disorders: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article provides an update of the most striking new developments in the field of growth genetics over the past 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A number of large genome-wide association studies have identified new genetic loci and pathways associated to human growth and adult height as well as related traits and comorbidities. New genetic causes of primordial dwarfism and several short stature syndromes have been elucidated. Moreover, a breakthrough finding of Xq26 microduplications as a cause of pituitary gigantism was made. Several new developments in imprinted growth-related genes (including the first human mutation in insulin-like growth factor II) and novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of growth have been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genomic investigations continue to provide new insights into the genetic basis of human growth as well as its disorders.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Bruin
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dauber
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans / Q000235:genetics*; D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics*; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005877:Gigantism / Q000235:genetics*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D000099242:Atrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor B
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D000099242:Atrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor B; C508319:ACAN protein, human