title: Global validation of the WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections: a prospective multicentre study (WISS Study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To validate a new practical Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) including the clinical conditions at the admission (severe sepsis/septic shock), the origin of the cIAIs, the delay in source control, the setting of acquisition and any risk factors such as age and immunosuppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The WISS study (WSES cIAIs Score Study) is a multicenter observational study underwent in 132 medical institutions worldwide during a four-month study period (October 2014-February 2015). Four thousand five hundred thirty-three patients with a mean age of 51.2 years (range 18-99) were enrolled in the WISS study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis has shown that all factors that were previously included in the WSES Sepsis Severity Score were highly statistically significant between those who died and those who survived (p < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression model was highly significant (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.54) and showed that all these factors were independent in predicting mortality of sepsis. Receiver Operator Curve has shown that the WSES Severity Sepsis Score had an excellent prediction for mortality. A score above 5.5 was the best predictor of mortality having a sensitivity of 89.2 %, a specificity of 83.5 % and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated Intra-abdominal infections can be used on global level. It has shown high sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio that may help us in making clinical decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sartelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Fikri M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Abu-Zidan
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Ewen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Salomone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Saverio
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ordoñez
authors.affiliation: Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leppaniemi
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: General and Emergency Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coccolini
authors.affiliation: General Surgery, ULSS19 del Veneto, Adria, RO Italy.
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agresta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Asrhaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Al Ain Hospital, Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdel Kader
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kwara State General Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agboola
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adamu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amhed
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adesina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajibade
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Training and Research Hospital of Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seckin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akkucuk
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Surgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bandar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alharthi
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Care Centre of Kissamos, Chania, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anyfantakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Augustin
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Brescia Civil Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baiocchi
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Miklosh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bala
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Bizerte Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Oussama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baraket
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Savas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.affiliation: Surgical II Division, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellanova
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Beltràn
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Emergency Surgery, SG Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.affiliation: General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boal
authors.affiliation: Emergency Surgery Department, 1st Municipal Hospital, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Borodach
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bouliaris
authors.affiliation: Visceral Surgery, CHU, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Branger
authors.affiliation: Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale di Città di Castello, Città di Castello, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Surgery, Umberto I Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Asri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Che Jusoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chichom-Mefire
authors.affiliation: General and Emergency Surgery, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cocorullo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Digestive Tract Surgery, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, CHVNG/E, EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Emergency Municipal Hospital Pascani, Pascani, Iasi Romania.
authors.forename: Geanina Loredana
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Curca
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delibegovic
authors.affiliation: Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Zaza
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demetrashvili
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Isidoro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Nadezda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Drozdova
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Manama, Bahrain.
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: El Zalabany
authors.affiliation: King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mushira Abdulaziz
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Enani
authors.affiliation: Division of General and Emergency Surgery, Hospital Estadual Mario Covas, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 1, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Mahir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gachabayov
authors.affiliation: Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giménez Maurel
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gkiokas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitário Terezinha de Jesus, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital Escola Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gonsaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ascoli Piceno Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guercioni
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guner
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: 2nd Surgical Department of Medical Faculty Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutan
authors.affiliation: 2nd Surgical Department, General Hospital of Kavala, Kavala, Greece.
authors.forename: Orestis
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mengucek Gazi Training Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, S M S Hospital, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Sumita A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Mantas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokubauskas
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karamarkovic
authors.affiliation: Division Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Saila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kauhanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian Univeristy Collegium Medium, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kenig
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khokha
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Renol
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koshy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Pristina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Avidyl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krasniqi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Krishna Hospital, Karad, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kshirsagar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Republican Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Zygimantas
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kuliesius
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lasithiotakis
authors.affiliation: General Surgery/Coloretal Unit, Braga Hospital, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Gil
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.affiliation: Cirugía de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain.
authors.forename: Aintzane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lizarazu Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Varut
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lohsiriwat
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Insular University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
authors.forename: Eudaldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Tomassetti Fernandez
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece.
authors.forename: Eftychios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lostoridis
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College Hospital Mysore, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Raghuveer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mn
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Major
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Tzaneio Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marinis
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Le Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Aleix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marwah
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Renato Bessa
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mesina
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Surgery, Haepa University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Michalopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, CH Armentieres, Arras, France.
authors.forename: Radu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moldovanu
authors.affiliation: Surgery Department, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Ouadii
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mouaqit
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa, Namibia.
authors.forename: Akutu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munyika
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Ionut
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Negoi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulos
authors.affiliation: General and Emergency Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriela Elisa
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nita
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Iyiade
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olaoye
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King Abdalla University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Abdelkarim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omari
authors.affiliation: Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Paola Rodríguez
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ossa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Elazig Training and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Laparoscopic and Metabolic Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: Ramakrishnapillai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padmakumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pata
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerson Alves
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pereira Junior
authors.affiliation: Surgery 1 Unit, Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tadeja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pintar
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pouggouras
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Insubria University Hospital, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rausei
authors.affiliation: Abdominal and General Surgery Department, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Miran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rems
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rios-Cruz
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sakakushev
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sánchez de Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Good Hope Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Charampolos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seretis
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Novena, Singapore.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shelat
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Romeo Lages
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Departement of Surgery, Fatabenefratelli Isola Tiberina Hspital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sinibaldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Centre Novy Jicin, Novy Jicin, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrovina
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Clinical Hospital at Chelyabinsk Station of OJSC "Russian Railroads", Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smirnov
authors.affiliation: 3th Department of Surgery, Iaso General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spyropoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallin, Estonia.
authors.forename: Jaan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tepp
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Baskent University Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tugan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tezcaner
authors.affiliation: Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tolonen
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Service, Trauma University Hospital, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Myftar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torba
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery - Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ulrych
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sakarya Teaching and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Yener
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Uzunoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Pancreas Transplantation, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Dellen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gabrielle H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: van Ramshorst
authors.affiliation: Emergency Surgery, Arcispedale S.Anna Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vasquez
authors.affiliation: Visceral Surgery, CHU, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical School University Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vereczkei
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Montichiari Hospital, Ospedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Nereo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vettoretto
authors.affiliation: 1st Surgical Clinic, St. Spiridon Hospital, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Nutu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vlad
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kocaeli University Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tonguç Utku
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Ching
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MOSC Medical College Kolenchery, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: Sanoop Koshy
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.affiliation: General and Digestive Surgery Department, Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zida
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Justas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zilinskas
authors.affiliation: General and Emergency Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ansaloni
keywords: Infections; Intra-abdominal; Sepsis; Septic shock