title: Dynamic metabolome profiling reveals significant metabolic changes during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolites in wheat grains greatly influence nutritional values. Wheat provides proteins, minerals, B-group vitamins and dietary fiber to humans. These metabolites are important to human health. However, the metabolome of the grain during the development of bread wheat has not been studied so far. In this work the first dynamic metabolome of the developing grain of the elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 was analyzed, using non-targeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for metabolite profiling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 74 metabolites were identified over the grain developmental stages. Metabolite-metabolite correlation analysis revealed that the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, amines and lipids was interrelated. An integrated metabolic map revealed a distinct regulatory profile. The results provide information that can be used by metabolic engineers and molecular breeders to improve wheat grain quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present metabolome approach identified dynamic changes in metabolite levels, and correlations among such levels, in developing seeds. The comprehensive metabolic map may be useful when breeding programs seek to improve grain quality. The work highlights the utility of GC/MS-based metabolomics, in conjunction with univariate and multivariate data analysis, when it is sought to understand metabolic changes in developing seeds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shoumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100091, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuexin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100091, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yueming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread; D002681:China; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D009753:Nutritive Value; D063246:Organogenesis, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: developing grain; metabolome; nutritional quality; wheat