title: Metabolism of strawberry mono- and dimeric ellagitannins in rats fed a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with strawberry extracts rich in ETs and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the intestinal microbiota and the formation of bacterial metabolites in the distal intestine, as well as the absorption of ET metabolites and antioxidant status in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were allocated into six groups of eight animals each and fed for 4 weeks with a control diet (group C), a control diet supplemented with FOS (group C + FOS) or modifications of these diets, in which a monomeric or dimeric ET-rich extract was added (groups ME and ME + FOS or DE and DE + FOS, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract addition, the FOS addition and their interaction significantly affected the total and selected bacterial counts in the caecal digesta (all P < 0.005). The total bacterial count was the highest in group C + FOS, lower in group DE and the lowest in group ME + FOS (10.6, 10.3 and 8.52 log cells/g, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). The total caecal content of ET metabolites was higher in the ME and ME + FOS group than in the DE and DE + FOS group, respectively (67.8 and 89.5 vs. 13.0 and 18.0 µg/g, respectively; P < 0.001). The total plasma concentration of ET metabolites was higher in the ME + FOS and DE + FOS group than in the ME group (248 and 281 vs. 8.13 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ETs of the monomeric ET-rich extract are more prone to intestinal breakdown than those of the dimeric ET-rich extract, and absorption of their metabolites can be increased by dietary FOS; however, together, they evoke strong antibacterial activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland. a.jurgonski@pan.olsztyn.pl.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurgoński
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juśkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fotschki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kołodziejczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milala
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosmala
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grzelak-Błaszczyk
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Markiewicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000191:economics; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics; D031985:Fragaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056692:Prebiotics; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D056692:Prebiotics; C116580:fructooligosaccharide
keywords: Bifidobacteria; Fructans; Hydrolysable tannins; Lactic acid bacteria; Nasutins; Urolithins