title: Mobile Behavioral Sensing for Outpatients and Inpatients With Schizophrenia.
abstract: This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of behavioral sensing among individuals with schizophrenia.
  
  
  
  Nine outpatients and 11 inpatients carried smartphones for two- or one-week periods, respectively. Device-embedded sensors (accelerometers, microphone, global positioning system, WiFi, and Bluetooth) collected behavioral data and ascertained the patients' location, activity, and exposure to human speech as they went about their day. Participants rated this approach by completing usability and acceptability measures.
  
  
  
  Sensing successfully captured individuals' activity, time spent proximal to human speech, and time spent in various locations. Participants felt comfortable using the sensing system (95%), and most were interested in receiving feedback (65%) and suggestions (65%). Approximately 20% reported that sensing made them upset. One-third of inpatients were concerned about their privacy, but no outpatients expressed this concern.
  
  
  
  Mobile behavioral sensing was a feasible, acceptable, and informative approach for data collection among outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-Zeev
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brian
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mistler
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ben-Zeev and Ms. Brian are with the Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Scherer is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. Mistler is with the Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: dror.ben-zeev@dartmouth.edu ). Mr. Wang and Dr. Campbell are with the Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Mr. Abdullah and Dr. Choudhury are with the Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Dr. Hauser and Dr. Kane are with the Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Tanzeem
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Choudhury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009068:Movement; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States