title: Brain connectivity and psychiatric comorbidity in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder.
abstract: Prolonged Internet video game play may have multiple and complex effects on human cognition and brain development in both negative and positive ways. There is not currently a consensus on the principle effects of video game play neither on brain development nor on the relationship to psychiatric comorbidity. In this study, 78 adolescents with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and 73 comparison subjects without IGD, including subgroups with no other psychiatric comorbid disease, with major depressive disorder and with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were included in a 3 T resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis. The severity of Internet gaming disorder, depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Young Internet Addiction Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Korean ADHD rating scales, respectively. Patients with IGD showed an increased functional correlation between seven pairs of regions, all satisfying q < 0.05 False discovery rates in light of multiple statistical tests: left frontal eye field to dorsal anterior cingulate, left frontal eye field to right anterior insula, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), right DLPFC to right TPJ, right auditory cortex to right motor cortex, right auditory cortex to supplementary motor area and right auditory cortex to dorsal anterior cingulate. These findings may represent a training effect of extended game play and suggest a risk or predisposition in game players for over-connectivity of the default mode and executive control networks that may relate to psychiatric comorbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Doug Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sujin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Perry F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007723:Korea; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain connectivity; Internet gaming disorder; fMRI; functional magnetic resonance imaging