title: A Vivens Ex Vivo Study on the Synergistic Effect of Electrolysis and Freezing on the Cell Nucleus.
abstract: Freezing-cryosurgery, and electrolysis-electrochemical therapy (EChT), are two important minimally invasive surgery tissue ablation technologies. Despite major advantages they also have some disadvantages. Cryosurgery cannot induce cell death at high subzero freezing temperatures and requires multiple freeze thaw cycles, while EChT requires high concentrations of electrolytic products-which makes it a lengthy procedure. Based on the observation that freezing increases the concentration of solutes (including products of electrolysis) in the frozen region and permeabilizes the cell membrane to these products, this study examines the hypothesis that there could be a synergistic effect between freezing and electrolysis in their use together for tissue ablation. Using an animal model we refer to as vivens ex vivo, which may be of value in reducing the use of animals for experiments, combined with a Hematoxylin stain of the nucleus, we show that there are clinically relevant protocols in which the cell nucleus appears intact when electrolysis and freezing are used separately but is affected by certain combinations of electrolysis and freezing.
authors.affiliation: Franco Lugnani MD, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lugnani
authors.affiliation: UCO Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanconati
authors.affiliation: UCO Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marcuzzo
authors.affiliation: UCO Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bottin
authors.affiliation: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mikus
authors.affiliation: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.|Institut fuer Bildgebende Diagnostik, R&D, Offenbach, Hessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.affiliation: Institut fuer Bildgebende Diagnostik, R&D, Offenbach, Hessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Liel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubinsky
authors.affiliation: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.|Institut fuer Bildgebende Diagnostik, R&D, Offenbach, Hessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Stehling
authors.affiliation: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rubinsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods; D004572:Electrolysis; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine