title: A Pilot Study Testing a Natural and a Synthetic Molluscicide for Controlling Invasive Apple Snails (Pomacea maculata).
abstract: Pomacea maculata (formerly P. insularum), an apple snail native to South America, was discovered in Louisiana in 2008. These snails strip vegetation, reproduce at tremendous rates, and have reduced rice production and caused ecosystem changes in Asia. In this pilot study snails were exposed to two molluscicides, a tea (Camellia sinensis) seed derivative (TSD) or niclosamide monohydrate (Pestanal(®), 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, CAS #73360-56-2). Mortality was recorded after exposure to high or low concentrations (0.03 and 0.015 g/L for TSD, 1.3 and 0.13 mg/L for niclosamide). The TSD induced 100 % mortality at both concentrations. Niclosamide caused 100 % and 17 % mortality at high and low concentrations respectively. These molluscicides were also tested on potential biocontrol agents, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus). No crayfish mortalities occurred at either concentration for either chemical, but sunfish experienced 100 % mortality with TSD (0.03 g/L), and 21 % mortality with niclosamide (0.13 mg/L).
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA. hbirdsong@usgs.gov.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA.
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berhow
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA.
authors.forename: Jacoby
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D058865:Introduced Species; D008145:Louisiana; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009534:Niclosamide
keywords: Invasive species; Niclosamide; Pomacea; Tea seed