title: Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon of extraordinary capacitance for electrochemical energy storage.
abstract: Carbon-based supercapacitors can provide high electrical power, but they do not have sufficient energy density to directly compete with batteries. We found that a nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous few-layer carbon has a capacitance of 855 farads per gram in aqueous electrolytes and can be bipolarly charged or discharged at a fast, carbon-like speed. The improvement mostly stems from robust redox reactions at nitrogen-associated defects that transform inert graphene-like layered carbon into an electrochemically active substance without affecting its electric conductivity. These bipolar aqueous-electrolyte electrochemical cells offer power densities and lifetimes similar to those of carbon-based supercapacitors and can store a specific energy of 41 watt-hours per kilogram (19.5 watt-hours per liter).
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure and CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tianquan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: I-Wei
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure and CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fengxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure and CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chongyin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure and CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure and CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure and CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China. huangfq@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang