title: The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis.
abstract: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex and neglected zoonotic infection. In most cases, CE cysts and the intermediate host co-habit for a long time in the absence of symptoms and elicit very little inflammation. However, the immune interplay between the parasite and the host is complex, encompassing effective parasite-killing immune mechanisms implemented by the host, which in turn are modulated by the parasite. The immune response to the parasite has been exploited for the diagnosis of the disease and for the development of an effective vaccine to use in the natural intermediate host, but the mechanisms of parasite killing and immunomodulation are still unknown. Here, we reviewed the immune effector mechanisms and the strategies of immune evasion in the intermediate host.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.|WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamarozzi
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.|Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mariconti
authors.affiliation: Medical Services and Diagnostic, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neumayr
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.|WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.|Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000276:immunology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: cystic echinococcosis; immune response