title: Observation of photorefractive effects in blue-phase liquid crystal containing fullerene-C60.
abstract: Photorefractive effects manifested in two beam coupling and side diffractions are observed in fullerene-C60doped blue-phase liquid crystals (BPLC-C60) upon application of a DC bias field. The mechanism at work here is attributed to BPLC lattice distortion by the combined DC (Edc)+ photorefractive space-charge (Ephoto) fields, in addition to the DC + optical field induced effects reported in previous studies of dye-doped system. The first order diffraction efficiency of ∼2×10-3and beam coupling gain of over 2% are observed in a 55 μm thick sample with input laser beam power of 5 mW at an applied DC voltage of 160 V. The effective nonlinear index coefficient n2of BPLC-C60is measured to be on the order of 10-2cm2/W, which is slightly lower than their NLC counterparts. Owing to the isotropy of BPLC optical properties, these effects can be observed with more relaxed requirements on the laser polarizations, directions of incidence, and sample orientations.
authors.forename: Iam Choon
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Chun-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tsung-Jui
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ho