title: Percentage of Gutta-percha Filled Areas in Canals Obturated with Cross-linked Gutta-percha Core-carrier Systems, Single-Cone and Lateral Compaction Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare different obturation techniques in terms of the percentage of gutta-percha filled areas (PGFA), sealer filled areas (PSFA), and voids in straight root canals prepared with different instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars with straight canals were allocated into 10 groups (n = 16 teeth per group): A, manual instrumentation + lateral compaction (LC); B, Mtwo + GuttaFusion (GF); C, Mtwo + LC; D, Mtwo + single-cone (SC); E, Reciproc + GF; F, Reciproc + LC; G, Reciproc + SC; H, WaveOne + GuttaCore (GC); I, WaveOne + LC; and J, WaveOne + SC. Apical preparation was size 40 in all groups, and AH Plus was used as a sealer. The teeth were sectioned at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex. The total area of each canal segment was measured, and the areas were converted to PGFA, PSFA, and voids. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 2-mm level, no significant differences in terms of PGFA and PSFA were obtained (P > .05). At all other levels, canals filled with GC and GF produced significantly higher PGFA and significantly lower PSFA than all other groups (P < .05). At the 2-mm, 4-mm, and 6-mm levels, canals filled with GC and GF showed less voids than group A (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, independent of the instrument used for canal preparation, GuttaCore and GuttaFusion produced very homogenous root canal fillings with high PGFA and a low incidence of voids.
authors.affiliation: Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. Electronic address: eschaef@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schrenker
authors.affiliation: Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zupanc
authors.affiliation: Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bürklein
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium
keywords: GuttaCore; GuttaFusion; single-cone obturation; standardized taper; varied taper