title: In silico target fishing and pharmacological profiling for the isoquinoline alkaloids of Macleaya cordata (Bo Luo Hui).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (Willd). R. Br. (Bo Luo Hui) exhibited antibacterial, antiparasitic, antitumor, and analgesic effects. The targets of these isoquinoline alkaloids are undefined. This study aims to investigate the compound-target interaction network and potential pharmacological actions of isoquinoline alkaloids of M. cordata by reverse pharmacophore database screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  The targets of 26 isoquinoline alkaloids identified from M. cordata were predicted by a pharmacophore-based target fishing approach. Discovery Studio 3.5 and two pharmacophore databases (PharmaDB and HypoDB) were employed for the target profiling. A compound-target interaction network of M. cordata was constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape 3.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of the 65 predicted targets identified by PharmaDB were confirmed as targets by HypoDB screening. The targets in the interaction network of M. cordata were involved in cancer (31 targets), microorganisms (12 targets), neurodegeneration (10 targets), inflammation and autoimmunity (8 targets), parasitosis (5 targets), injury (4 targets), and pain (3 targets). Dihydrochelerythrine (C6) was found to hit 23 fitting targets. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) hits 15 alkaloids (C1-2, C11-16, C19-25) was the most promising target related to cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through in silico target fishing, the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of M. cordata were the most significant among many possible activities. The possible anticancer effects were mainly contributed by the isoquinoline alkaloids as active components.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China.
authors.forename: Qifang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China.
authors.forename: Peigen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao