title: Longitudinal changes in adipose tissue of dairy cows from late pregnancy to lactation. Part 2: The SIRT-PPARGC1A axis and its relationship with the adiponectin system.
abstract: The transition period in dairy cows is characterized by major changes in glucose and adipose tissue metabolism. The Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) PPARγ co-activator 1α (PPARGC1A) axis might be related to the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) system to orchestrate the regulation of these processes. We aimed to assess the mRNA abundance of the aforementioned components in one visceral and one subcutaneous fat depot, together with the ADIPOQ concentrations in serum of dairy cows from late gestation to early lactation. In addition, the effect of 2 diets differing in energy density was tested. Twenty pluriparous German Holstein cows were all kept on the same silage-based diet until d 42 antepartum. From then on until d 1 antepartum, 10 animals each were assigned to either high-concentrate (60:40 concentrate:roughage) or low-concentrate (30:70) diets. Both groups were further subdivided into a control and a niacin group, the latter receiving 24 g/d nicotinic acid from d -42 until d 24. From d 1 postpartum (p.p.) to d 24 p.p., the concentrate portion was increased from 30 to 50% for all cows. Biopsies of subcutaneous (SCAT) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) were taken at d -42, 1, 21, and 100 relative to parturition. Blood samples were drawn along with the biopsies as well as on d -21, -14, -7, -3, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 63, 82, and 100 relative to calving. Quantification of target mRNA was done using quantitative PCR and serum ADIPOQ concentration was measured via ELISA. The feeding regimen did not affect the variables examined. Serum ADIPOQ concentrations decreased toward parturition, returned to precalving levels within 1 wk after parturition, and remained on a constant level until the end of the experiment. The mRNA abundance of SIRT1, PPARGC1A, NAMPT, and the ADIPOQ receptors 1 (ADIPOR1) and 2 (ADIPOR2) changed in SCAT and RPAT during the considered time period. Comparing SCAT and RPAT, the mRNA of SIRT1, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 were more abundant in RPAT, whereas PPARGC1A and NAMPT were expressed more highly in SCAT. The protein abundance of SIRT1 tended to increase from d -42 to 21. At d 21 we detected more PPARGC1A protein in the low-concentrate group as compared with the high-concentrate group. The correlations observed point to a link between these factors and might hint to a functional role of the variables in the regulation of glucose metabolism. This study substantiates the existence of the SIRT1-PPARGC1A-axis and indicates a functional relationship between SIRT1 and ADIPOR1 in bovine adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Locher
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rehage
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tienken
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dänicke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sauerwein
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: mielenz@fbn-dummerstorf.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mielenz
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036801:Parturition; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D047495:PPAR gamma; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D005947:Glucose
keywords: PPARγ co-activator 1α; Sirtuin-1; adiponectin; dairy cow; transition period