title: Enhancing the water purification efficiency of a floating treatment wetland using a biofilm carrier.
abstract: Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) and biofilm carriers are widely used in water purification. The objective of the present work was to explore whether and to what extent an FTW integrated with plants and biofilm carriers (FTW-I) could enhance the nutrient removal efficiency. Significantly higher removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (85.2 %), total phosphorus (82.7 %), and orthophosphate (82.5 %) were observed in the FTW-I treatment relative to the FTW with plants (FTW-P; 80.0, 78.5, and 77.6 %, respectively) and the FTW with biofilm carriers (FTW-B; 56.7, 12.9, and 13.4 %, respectively) (p < 0.05). The mass balance results indicated that plant uptake was the main pathway for N and P removal (accounting for 58.1 and 91.4 %, respectively) in FTW-I, in which only 1.2 % of the N and 5.7 % of the P was deposited on the bottom of the tank. In addition, the plants translocated 43.9 and 80.2 % of the N and P in the water and 83.5 and 88.3 % of the absorbed N and P, respectively, into their aboveground tissues. The combination of an FTW and biofilm carriers can improve the efficiency of water purification, and nutrients can be rapidly removed from the system by harvesting the aboveground plant tissues.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Naxin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yanran
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Lingwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. shpcheng@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: Biofilm carrier; Canna indica; Integrated floating treatment wetland; Nitrogen balance; Nutrient removal; Phosphorus balance