title: Characterization of phosphorus forms in lake macrophytes and algae by solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: Debris from aquatic macrophytes and algae are important recycling sources of phosphorus (P), which can result in continuing blooms of algae by recycling bioavailable P in the eutrophic lakes. However, knowledge of forms of P in aquatic macrophytes and algae and their contribution to internal loads of P in lakes is limited. Without such knowledge, it is difficult to develop appropriate strategies to remediate and or restore aquatic ecosystems that have become eutrophic. Therefore, in this work, P was extracted from six types of aquatic macrophytes and algae collected from Tai Lake of China and characterized by use of solution (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. When extracted by 0.5 M NaOH-25 mM EDTA, extraction recovery of total P(TP) and organic P(Po) exceeded 90 %. Concentrations of Po in algae and aquatic macrophytes were 5552 mg kg(-1) and 1005 mg kg(-1) and accounted for 56.0 and 47.2 % of TP, respectively. When Po, including condensed P, was characterized by solution (31)P-NMR Po in algae included orthophosphate monoesters (79.8 %), pyrophosphate (18.2 %), and orthophosphate diester (2.0 %), and Po in aquatic macrophytes included orthophosphate monoesters (90.3 %), pyrophosphate (4.2 %), and orthophosphate diester (5.5 %). Additionally, orthophosphate monoesters in algal debris mainly included β-glycerophosphate (44.1 %), α-glycerophosphate (13.5 %), and glucose 6-phosphate (13.5 %). Orthophosphate monoesters in aquatic macrophytes mainly included β-glycerophosphate (27.9 %), α-glycerophosphate (24.6 %), and adenosine 5' monophosphate (8.2 %). Results derived from this study will be useful in better understanding nutrient cycling, relevant eutrophication processes, and pollution control for freshwater lakes.
authors.affiliation: College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.|State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Weiying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. zhuyuanrong07@mails.ucas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. wufengchang@vip.skleg.cn.
authors.forename: Fengchang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.|Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.|School of Biology Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
authors.forename: Zhongqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, 45252, USA.
authors.forename: Mingle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002708:Chlorella / Q000378:metabolism*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D005068:Eutrophication; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: 31P-NMR; Algae; Aquatic macrophytes; Lake; Organic phosphorus; Orthophosphate monoesters