title: Characterizing Urban Household Waste Generation and Metabolism Considering Community Stratification in a Rapid Urbanizing Area of China.
abstract: The relationship between social stratification and municipal solid waste generation remains uncertain under current rapid urbanization. Based on a multi-object spatial sampling technique, we selected 191 households in a rapidly urbanizing area of Xiamen, China. The selected communities were classified into three types: work-unit, transitional, and commercial communities in the context of housing policy reform in China. Field survey data were used to characterize household waste generation patterns considering community stratification. Our results revealed a disparity in waste generation profiles among different households. The three community types differed with respect to family income, living area, religious affiliation, and homeowner occupation. Income, family structure, and lifestyle caused significant differences in waste generation among work-unit, transitional, and commercial communities, respectively. Urban waste generation patterns are expected to evolve due to accelerating urbanization and associated community transition. A multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism approach was applied to waste metabolism linking it to particular socioeconomic conditions that influence material flows and their evolution. Waste metabolism, both pace and density, was highest for family structure driven patterns, followed by lifestyle and income driven. The results will guide community-specific management policies in rapidly urbanizing areas.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.|Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Lishan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.|Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.|Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Guoqin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Zhilong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.|Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Zhaowu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007223:Infant; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014507:Urbanization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste