title: Membrane array and multiplex bead analysis of tear cytokines in systemic sclerosis.
abstract: Although serious ocular manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) have been described, tear analysis of patients with SSc has not been performed in previous studies. Our aim was to measure a wide panel of cytokines and chemokines in tears of patients with SSc and to assess the most significant molecules with a more sensitive and specific method. Unstimulated tear samples were collected from nine patients with SSc and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The relative levels of 102 different cytokines were determined by a cytokine array, and then absolute levels of four key cytokines were determined by a magnetic bead assay. Array results revealed shifted cytokine profile characterized by predominance of inflammatory mediators. Of the 102 analyzed molecules, nine were significantly increased in tears of patients with SSc. Based on the multiplex bead results, C-reactive protein, interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were significantly higher in tears of patients with SSc. Our current data depict a group of inflammatory mediators, which play a significant role in ocular pathology of SSc; furthermore, they might function as excellent candidates for future therapeutic targets in SSc patients with ocular manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Aniko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rentka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Jolan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harsfalvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szucs
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szekanecz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szodoray
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Signaling and Apoptosis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koroskenyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. kemenyba@med.unideb.hu.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kemeny-Beke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokine; Cytokine array; Dry eye; Multiplex bead assay; Systemic sclerosis; Tear