title: JOURNAL CLUB: Evidence of Interstitial Lung Disease on Low-Dose Chest CT Images: Prevalence, Patterns, and Progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in a cohort undergoing low-dose CT screening for lung cancer, to identify the CT patterns of fibrosis, and to determine prognostic factors of disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study drew from a database of 951 participants in a lung cancer screening program between 2010 and 2014. Three thoracic radiologists reviewed CT scans to identify the ILD findings, defined as traction bronchiectasis, ground-glass opacities with traction bronchiectasis, reticulations with traction bronchiectasis, and honeycombing. Evidence of ILD was considered present if at least two of three reviewing radiologists agreed. Age, smoking history, and CT evidence of emphysema were also documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 951 participants, 63 (6.6%) had CT evidence of ILD, and 16 of the 63 (1.7% of the total cohort) had honeycombing. Significant univariate predictors of ILD were male sex (p = 0.003), older age (p < 0.0001), higher number of pack-years of cigarette smoking (p = 0.0003), and greater severity of emphysema (p = 0.004), but only age and male sex remained significant in the multivariate analysis. The most common pattern of ILD was peripheral fibrosis without honeycombing involving multiple lobes. The presence of honeycombing was significantly associated with progression of fibrosis score (p = 0.0001) and extent of fibrosis (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A potential added benefit of CT screening is earlier diagnosis of ILD in older smokers, who are at increased risk. Radiologists should recognize the earliest findings of ILD and understand the importance of early recognition.
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: Claudia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Henschke
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: Rowena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eber
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knoll
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yankelevitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: CT; honeycombing; interstitial lung disease; lung cancer