title: Cytogenotoxicity of selected organophosphate insecticides on HaCaT keratinocytes and NL-20 human bronchial cells.
abstract: Organophosphate insecticides (OI) are widely used. To humans the main routes of exposure are skin and inhalation. For this, keratinocytes (HaCaT) and bronchial cells (NL-20) were used as cell culture models to evaluate the effects of OI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four OI on HaCaT and NL-20 cells: azinphos-methyl, (AM); parathion-methyl (PM); omethoate (OM); and methamidophos (MET). Cells were exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/μL of each. Results showed a decrease in cell viability in both cell lines. Viability of the NL-20 cell line decreased with the three concentrations of OM. All differences were significant (p < 0.05). Genotoxic damage, evaluated through the comet assay, was observed in both cell lines with AM. NL-20 cell line was more sensitive than HaCaT. Higher concentrations of the insecticides except MET, induced cell death. MET caused DNA damage in HaCaT cells at all concentrations. Differences were significant (p < 0.05). Both cell lines revealed the presence of single membrane vacuoles of different sizes when exposed to 1 μg/μL of each insecticide. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed an increase of BN1 gene in HaCaT by effect of AM and MET at 1 μg/μL. In conclusion, all the insecticides induced different levels of cyto and genotoxic effects in both cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arteaga-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Levis
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortés-Eslava
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arenas-Huertero
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad No. 1, Col. La Loma X, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valencia-Quintana
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: slga@atmosfera.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gómez-Arroyo
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009153:Mutagens; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds
keywords: Cell death; Cell viability; Comet assay; Genotoxicity; Organophosphorus insecticides