title: Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shift work has been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major cause of death globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of developing CVD in shift work.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study involving secondary analysis of shift and non-shift work from an industry in Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred (113 shift and 87 non-shift) consecutive workers who consented were recruited into the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to deduce information on participant's age, alcohol consumption pattern, smoking habits, history of diabetes, stroke and hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shift workers were found to be associated with higher body mass index (26.9 ± 4.6 vs 25.2 ± 3.3, p = 0.013); fasting blood glucose (5.9 ± 1.8 vs 5.3 ± 0.8, p ≤ 0.0001); glycated haemoglobin (4.9 ± 0.9 vs 4.2 ± 0.8, p ≤ 0.0001); high sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.5 ± 1.1 vs 1.8 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001); total cholesterol (5.9 ± 1.3 vs 5.2 ± 1.7, p = 0.002); triglycerides (1.3 ± 0.8 vs 1.1 ± 0.6, p = 0.015) and LDL cholesterol (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 3.2 ± 1.3, p = 0.04) than controls. Shift work however, had no associations with HDL-cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that shift work is associated with risk factors of CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (S.B.A.H.S), University of Ghana, P. O. Box 4236, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana. henryasare-anane.gh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asare-Anane
authors.affiliation: K.B.T.H, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana. alacaps123@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Adams
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdul-Latif
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (S.B.A.H.S), University of Ghana, P. O. Box 4236, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana. Emmanuel.ofori@unil.ch.
authors.forename: Emmanuel Kwaku
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ofori
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (S.B.A.H.S), Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana. presmubarak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mubarak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdul-Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (S.B.A.H.S), University of Ghana, P. O. Box 4236, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana. Amanquahseth@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seth D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Amanquah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002099:Cacao; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*