title: Bipolar spectrum features in obese individuals.
abstract: AIM : The relationships between obesity and bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) are unclear. Thus, the aim of our study were to approximate the prevalence of soft bipolar features in patients seeking treatment for obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a nested case-control study (cases: 90 patients with the mean BMI=38.1±7.0 [range: 30.1-62.5]; controls: 70 healthy volunteers with the mean BMI=21.6±2.1 [range: 18.5-24.9]). The participants were screened for the BSD symptoms with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with obesity were significantly more likely to score ≥7 pts. on the MDQ 25.6% vs. 8.6%; p=0.01). In comparison to non-obese individuals, the obese patients scored significantly higher in MDQ section I and on the MDQ items referring to the 'irritability-racing thoughts' dimension of hypomania. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity had been significantly related to the odds of obtaining ≥7 pts. on the MDQ section 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-3.63), and marginally significantly related to experiencing periods of 'ups' and 'downs'(OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.00-2.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study adds to previous suggestions that obesity may be significantly related to the BSD. However, the clinical implications of this finding need to be determined in further studies, performed in accordance with the paradigm of evidence based medicine (EBM).
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych Katedry Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siwek
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych Katedry Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych Katedry Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaeschke
authors.affiliation: Katedra Biochemii Klinicznej UJ CM.
authors.forename: Aldona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dembińska-Kieć
authors.affiliation: Oddział Kliniczny Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Dzieci i Młodzieży Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych Katedry Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arciszewska
authors.affiliation: Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Ferdynand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hebal
authors.affiliation: II Katedra Chirurgii Ogólnej UJ CM.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matłok
authors.affiliation: Katedra Biochemii Klinicznej UJ CM.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malczewska-Malec
authors.affiliation: Katedra Biochemii Klinicznej UJ CM.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wnęk
authors.affiliation: Oddział Kliniczny Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Dzieci i Młodzieży Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilecki
authors.affiliation: II Katedra Chirurgii Ogólnej UJ CM.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Major
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych Katedry Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Roksana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Epa
authors.affiliation: Katedra Psychiatrii UM w Poznaniu.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rybakowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Mood Disorder Questionnaire; bipolar spectrum disorders; obesity