title: The cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of cardiac Raynaud phenomenon in a patient with systemic sclerosis: case report and review of literature.
abstract: Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is the hallmark of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). Visceral RP has also been proposed in SSc patients. Cardiac Raynaud's phenomenon (C-RP) was evaluated in a few clinical studies both as cold-induced transient myocardial ischaemia and as presence of advanced myocardial fibrosis and contraction band necrosis in autopsied patients. Until today numerous techniques, such as scintigraphy and myocardial contrast echocardiography, have been used to evaluate C-RP. In this case report for the first time we have used Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) after cold test to demonstrate the presence of the C-RP. In addition we have shown that therapy with Iloprost can be used to reduce episodes of C-RP.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit-Scleroderma Center , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quarta
authors.affiliation: b Department of Radiological Sciences, Pathology and Oncology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galea
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit-Scleroderma Center , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gigante
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Cardiology Unit , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romaniello
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit-Scleroderma Center , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.affiliation: b Department of Radiological Sciences, Pathology and Oncology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Iacopo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016285:Iloprost / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D016285:Iloprost
keywords: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance; Cardiac Raynaud’s phenomenon; Systemic sclerosis