title: Protection of SAL B with H9C2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is regarded as a potent antidiabetic agent and has been reported to possess cardioprotective effect in vivo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of Sal B on H9c2 cells injury caused by high glucose in vitro, and clarified the possible mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Di ferent concentrations of Sal B were incubated with cells for 12 h prior being exposed to high glucose for 24 h. Cardioprotective effects of Sal B were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, ELISA, Hoechst 33258 nucleus staining, and western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a 24 h exposure of H9c2 to high glucose, obvious reduction was found in cell viability (45%), GSH (54.8 ± 9.4 ng/mg protein), catalase (1.22 ± 0.12 U/mg protein), and GPX level (67.9 ± 9.4 U/mg protein), which were associated with the increases of GSSG (1.99 ± 0.28 ng/mg protein) and ROS (2.00 ± 0.19 RFU/mg protein) production. High glucose also elevated IL-6 (1.8-fold), IL-1β (1.9-fold), and TNF-α (1.6-fold) level, as well as induced cell apoptosis and NF-κB (6.1-fold) activation. However, Sal B (25 and 50 μM) elevated cell viability (28% and 44%), ameliorated oxidative stress (GSH, 1.3- and 1.6-fold; catalase, 1.9- and 2.0-fold; GPX, 1.1- and 1.4-fold; GSSG, 0.9- and 0.8-fold; ROS, 0.6- and 0.5-fold), and inflammatory response (IL-6, 0.9- and 0.7-fold; IL-1β, 0.8- and 0.6-fold; TNF-α, 0.9- and 0.8-fold), and inhibited cell apoptosis and NF-κB (0.5- and 0.2-fold) expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sal B attenuated high glucose-induced injury and cytotoxicity through inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production in H9c2 cardiac cells.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Vasculocardiology, Yantaishan Hospital , Yantai , Shandong , PR China ;
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: b Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Qingdao) , Qingdao , Shandong , PR China ;
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Vasculocardiology, Yantaishan Hospital , Yantai , Shandong , PR China ;
authors.forename: Luning
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: c Department of Vasculocardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , Shandong , PR China.
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D053630:Depsides
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C076944:salvianolic acid B; D053630:Depsides
keywords: Cardioprotection; Danshen extract; inflammatory cytokine