title: High-Resolution Projection Microstereolithography for Patterning of Neovasculature.
abstract: To gain a quantitative understanding of the way cells sense, process, and respond to dynamic environmental signals in real-time requires developing in vitro model systems that accurately replicate the 3D structure and function of native tissue. A high-resolution projection stereolithography apparatus (μSLA) capable of multimaterial and grayscale 3D patterning of cells and biomaterials at <5 μm resolution is presented. Murine cells (fibroblasts, myoblasts, endothelial, and bone marrow stromal cells) encapsulated within photosensitive hydrogels using the μSLA remain viable up to two weeks after fabrication. Harnessing the high-resolution fabrication capabilities of this machine, sub-millimeter scale angiogenic cell-encapsulating patches designed to promote targeted growth of neovasculature are printed, as assessed in vitro via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in ovo via a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). This application establishes the μSLA as an enabling technology that is widely adaptable to any application that requires high-resolution patterning of cells and cells signals. By providing an efficient and robust method of engineering microscale tissues with encapsulated cells, this apparatus has a range of applications including fundamental studies of extracellular matrix interactions, high throughput drug testing of physiologically relevant substitutes for native tissue, and programmable tissue engineering for applications in regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Basanta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhaduri
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Artem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shkumatov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Hyunjoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Rashid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bashir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062028:Bioprinting / Q000379:methods*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D051379:Mice; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
keywords: bioprinting; hydrogels; stereolithography; tissue engineering; vasculature