title: Is an osteotome necessary for pterygomaxillary dysjunction or dysjunction through the tuberosity during Le Fort I osteotomy? A systematic review.
abstract: Pterygomaxillary dysjunction with an osteotome is commonly used to mobilise the maxilla during Le Fort I osteotomy, despite the risk of serious complications. Different instruments and positions have been tried, including dysjunction through the tuberosity. Down fracture by digital pressure alone has also been advocated, but to our knowledge has not been widely adopted. We have therefore reviewed published papers to see if there is any clinical or anatomical evidence for the use of osteotomes to mobilise the maxilla vertically during a Le Fort I osteotomy for either pterygomaxillary dysjunction or dysjunction through the tuberosity. We found only one paper that analysed the anatomy of the pterygomaxillary fissure and described small bony bridges and syncondroses across the joint. We found no clinical or anatomical evidence for the use of osteotomes in pterygomaxillary separation or separation through the tuberosity. A large clinical trial on down fracture of the maxilla by digital pressure alone showed no serious complications, and we found no strong evidence to justify the use of osteotomes in pterygomaxillary dysjunction or dysjunction through the tuberosity. We have successfully used digital pressure alone in 138 consecutive Le Fort I osteotomies, and we encourage our colleagues to consider adopting this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Coventry, ST5 Registrar in Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Coventry, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX. Electronic address: johno.breeze@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breeze
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Coventry, ST5 Registrar in Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Coventry, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verea Linares
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Coventry, ST5 Registrar in Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Coventry, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stockton
mesh_terms: D003399:Craniotomy; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Le Fort; Trans tuberosity; anatomy; dysjunction; maxillary; osteotomy; pterygoid; separation; technique