title: Correlated compositional and mineralogical investigations at the Chang'e-3 landing site.
abstract: The chemical compositions of relatively young mare lava flows have implications for the late volcanism on the Moon. Here we report the composition of soil along the rim of a 450-m diameter fresh crater at the Chang'e-3 (CE-3) landing site, investigated by the Yutu rover with in situ APXS (Active Particle-induced X-ray Spectrometer) and VNIS (Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer) measurements. Results indicate that this region's composition differs from other mare sample-return sites and is a new type of mare basalt not previously sampled, but consistent with remote sensing. The CE-3 regolith derived from olivine-normative basaltic rocks with high FeO/(FeO+MgO). Deconvolution of the VNIS data indicates abundant high-Ca ferropyroxene (augite and pigeonite) plus Fe-rich olivine. We infer from the regolith composition that the basaltic source rocks formed during late-stage magma-ocean differentiation when dense ferropyroxene-ilmenite cumulates sank and mixed with deeper, relatively ferroan olivine and orthopyroxene in a hybridized mantle source.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.|Department of Earth &Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.|Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Zongcheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth &Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jolliff
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth &Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Alian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Chunlai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Planetary Science Institute, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Wenxi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Huanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xingzhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200083, China.
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200083, China.
authors.forename: Jianyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang