title: Arm Posturing in a Patient Following Stroke: Dystonia, Levitation, Synkinesis, or Spasticity?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-stroke movement disorders occur in up to 4% of stroke patients. The movements can be complex and difficult to classify, which presents challenges when attempting to understand the clinical phenomenology and provide appropriate treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a 64-year-old male with an unusual movement in the arm contralateral to his ischemic stroke. The primary feature of the movement was an involuntary elevation of the arm, occurring only when he was walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differential diagnosis includes dystonia, spontaneous arm levitation, synkinesis, and spasticity. We discuss each of these diagnostic possibilities in detail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Krithi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irmady
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jabbari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA ; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA ; Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Elan D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Louis
keywords: Post-stroke movement; dystonia; levitation; spasticity; synkinesis