title: A study on the usefulness and reliability of the "Scheme of Appraisal of Emotional Development" (SAED) for persons with ID using direct observation in a group-based assessment procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whereas instruments for the assessment of intellectual and social abilities are widely available, instruments for the evaluation of emotional development of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) are rare. The Scheme of Appraisal of Emotional Development (SAED), an internationally used tool developed by Dosen (2005a. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 1, 2005b. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 9), is one of the latter and is based on interviews with caregivers. The present study aims to investigate the internal consistency and interrater-reliability by changing the interview procedure into a direct observation and evaluation approach by a whole team instead of by one expert.
  
  
  METHODS
  The level of emotional development of 175 patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit specialized in the treatment of adults with ID was evaluated with the SAED by the treatment team after an observation period of up to two weeks. The inter- and intra-rater-reliability was assessed by direct observation of the behaviour of an additional 50 patients by two pairs of raters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency of the SAED dimensions, once rated by team approach, is excellent, and the reliability measures show also good statistical results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of the level of emotional development using the SAED by a group-led and/or direct observational procedure show to be a reliable and useful approach. The group-based procedure yields equal results compared with the usual interview guidelines and might lead to an additional training effect within the respective teams. The rater-reliability measures align with those reported in other studies.
authors.affiliation: Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, KEH, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: s.elstner@keh-berlin.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elstner
authors.affiliation: Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, KEH, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: a.diefenbacher@keh-berlin.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diefenbacher
authors.affiliation: PHIMEA Φ Methodische und statistische Beratung, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: info@phimea.de.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirst
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Special Education, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: stijn.vandevelde@ugent.be.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandevelde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D066107:Social Skills; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Emotional development; Group evaluation; Intellectual disabilities; SAED