title: In Vitro TNF-α Inhibition Elicited by Extracts from Echinodorus grandiflorus Leaves and Correlation with Their Phytochemical Composition.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various extracts and fractions obtained from Echinodorus grandiflorus leaves on tumor necrosis factor-α release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells, as well as to look at the association between bioactivity and phytochemical composition. To this end, a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection method was developed and validated, enabling the quantification of seven compounds in E. grandiflorus extracts and fractions. All of these samples showed antitumor necrosis factor-α activity, however, extracts prepared from 50% EtOH, water and dichloromethane, and a flavonoid-rich fraction elicited the most potent responses. trans-Aconitic acid and isoorientin were the major compounds in some preparations. Polynomial regression analysis showed the association between the contents of swertiajaponin, swertisin, trans-aconitic, and chicoric acids with the antitumor necrosis factor-α activity of the extracts and fractions. None of the compounds tested alone abolished tumor necrosis factor-α release completely, however, some extracts and fractions reached this result, suggesting a synergistic effect between the constituents. Therefore, it is clearly shown that the species E. grandiflorus has significant in vitro antitumor necrosis factor-α activity, a promising characteristic that deserves further investigations in the search for new anti-inflammatory agents from plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana de Faria
authors.initials: Ede F
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Assíria
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Pereira Antunes
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dourado
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Glória
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro Martins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernão Castro
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D034901:Alismataceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha