title: Flow injection amperometric detection of insulin at cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles modified carbon ceramic electrode.
abstract: Cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles were prepared onto a carbon ceramic electrode (CHN|CCE) using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The modified electrode was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that CHN with a single-layer structure was uniformly electrodeposited on the surface of CCE. The electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode toward the oxidation of insulin was studied by CV. CHN|CCE was also used in a homemade flow injection analysis system for insulin determination. The limit of detection (signal/noise [S/N] = 3) and sensitivity were found to be 0.11 nM and 11.8 nA/nM, respectively. Moreover, the sensor was used for detection of insulin in human serum samples. This sensor showed attractive properties such as high stability, reproducibility, and high selectivity.
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Center, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran. Electronic address: e.habibi@urmia.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Genetic and Metabolism Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Eskandar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Omidinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fazli
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D006878:Hydroxides; D007328:Insulin; C518276:cobalt hydroxide; D003035:Cobalt; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Carbon ceramic; Cobalt hydroxide; Electrocatalysis; Flow injection analysis; Insulin sensor