title: Hedera nepalensis K. Koch: A Novel Source of Natural Cancer Chemopreventive and Anticancerous Compounds.
abstract: Traditional medicinal plants are often used for both the prevention and the treatment of local diseases. Taking into consideration the medicinal importance of Hedera nepalensis within local Pakistani traditions, the present study was undertaken to analyze the in vitro cancer chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties of the plant. The in vitro cancer chemopreventive testing was performed using nitrite assay, NFκB assay, aromatase assay, and quinone reductase 1 (QR1) assay. The cytotoxic potential was evaluated on three cancer-cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The results of cancer chemopreventive assays show that n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of tested plant have promising cancer chemopreventive potential. Lupeol isolated from n-hexane as well as ethyl acetate fraction showed lowest IC50 (0.20 ± 1.9 μM) in NFκB assay. Crude extract and its fractions inhibited the growth of three cancer cell lines by more than 60%, IC50 value of lupeol varied from 2.32 to 10.2 μM. HPLC-DAD-based quantification of lupeol in different plant tissues demonstrated that leaves of H. nepalensis are a rich source of lupeol (0.196 mg/100 mg dry weight). Our data have shown that H. nepalensis harbors cancer chemopreventive and cytotoxic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Samreen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
authors.forename: Tamara P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kondrytuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ihsan-ul
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nazif
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pezzuto
authors.affiliation: Depatrment of Biochemistry, Qauid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mirza
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D035981:Hedera / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D000094042:Lupanes
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C010480:lupeol; D000094042:Lupanes
keywords: Cancer chemoprevention; Cytotoxicity; Hedera nepalensis; Lupeol