title: Physical activity and screen time in adolescents in the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-reported physical activity (PA) and screen time exposure in adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis of PA and screen time in 224 adolescents at entry into the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort. We compared proportions of CKiD vs. healthy 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants reporting the recommended 60 min of PA 7 days/week or ≤ 2 h/day of entertainment screen time (binomial probability test). Within CKiD, we assessed correlates of PA and screen time using multivariable logistic and linear regression and examined longitudinal data for 136 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age of CKiD participants was 15 years, and 60 % were male. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 41.3 (IQR 30.8, 52.3) ml/min/1.73 m(2). Only 13 % of CKiD participants met recommendations for PA vs. 25 % of NHANES (p < 0.001), while 98 % in CKiD exceeded the recommended screen time vs. 73 % in NHANES (p < 0.001). Within CKiD, obesity (p = 0.04) and lower eGFR (p = 0.02) were independently associated with greater screen time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with CKD engage in significantly less PA and greater screen time than healthy youth in the United States, and this may worsen over time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. clarks@email.chop.edu.|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. clarks@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Denburg
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Furth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003201:Computers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D057566:Self Report; D013690:Television; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular risk factors; Chronic kidney disease; Pediatric; Physical activity