title: Different methods for evaluating the effects of microwave radiation exposure on the nervous system.
abstract: Microwave radiation (MWR) leads to hazardous effects on he central nervous system (CNS) for both human and animals. The widespread use of mobile phones has increased the risks of health problems in the CNS caused by radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. To determine these effects various methodological approaches related to neuroscience such as stereology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy have been used. These approaches examine the effects on cells exposed to MWR at the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels, and novel information is obtained. The main aim of this paper is to discuss possible side effects of MWR in the light of current literature with different methodological approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berrin Zuhal
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Altunkaynak
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yahyazadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arife Ahsen
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omur Gulsum
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Deniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysın Pinar
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Önger
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: skaplan@omu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000639:trends; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques
keywords: Microwave radiation; Oxidative stress; Stereology; Synaptic impairment