title: The Korean version of the FRAIL scale: clinical feasibility and validity of assessing the frailty status of Korean elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight (FRAIL) scale is a screening tool for frailty status using a simple 5-item questionnaire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility and validity of the Korean version of the FRAIL (K-FRAIL) scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire items were translated and administered to 103 patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. In this cross-sectional study, the K-FRAIL scale was compared with the domains and the multidimensional frailty index of the comprehensive geriatric assessment. We also assessed the time required to complete the scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants' mean age was 76.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 6.1), and 55 (53.4%) were males. The mean overall frailty index was 0.19 (SD, 0.17). For K-FRAIL-robust, prefrail, and frail patients, the mean frailty indices were 0.09, 0.18, and 0.34, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). A higher degree of impairment in the K-FRAIL scale was associated with worse nutritional status, poor physical performance, functional dependence, and polypharmacy. The number of items with impairment in the K-FRAIL scale was positively associated with the frailty index (B = 3.73, p < 0.001). The K-FRAIL scale could differentiate vulnerability from robustness with a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.33. Of all patients, 75 (72.8%) completed the K-FRAIL scale within < 3 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The K-FRAIL scale is correlated with the frailty index and is a simple tool to screen for frailty in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Si-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Sol-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009752:Nutritional Status; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D066106:Seoul; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Diagnosis; Elderly; Frail; Geriatric assessment