title: Technological process for cell disruption, extraction and encapsulation of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis.
abstract: In this work, the effectiveness of different enzymatic techniques for cell wall disruption of Haematococcus pluvialis for the extraction of carotenoids and subsequent encapsulation of extracts in the co-polymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) using the Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical fluids (SEDS) technique was investigated. Glucanex(®) performed best compared with Lyticase(®) and Driselase(®). The conditions for enzymatic lysis using this enzyme preparation were established as a pH of 4.5, a temperature of 55 °C, an initial activity of β-1,3-glucanase of 0.6 U mL(-1) and a reaction time of 30 min. Enzymatic lysis assisted by ultrasound without biomass freezing was shown to be a promising and simple one-step technique for cell wall disruption, reaching 83.90% extractability. In the co-precipitation experiments, the highest encapsulation efficiency (51.21%) was obtained when using a higher biomass to dichloromethane ratio (10 mg mL(-1)) at the carotenoid extraction step and a lower pressure of precipitation (80 bar). In these conditions, spherical particles in the micrometer range (0.228 μm) were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco R S
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thalles C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Trevisol
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Boschetto
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaína F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Burkert
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra R S
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: J Vladimir
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: burkert@vetorial.net.
authors.forename: Carlos André V
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burkert
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006358:Hot Temperature; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine
keywords: Astaxanthin; Enzymatic lysis; Microalgal biomass; Microencapsulation; SEDS