title: Co-exposure of silver nanoparticles and chiral herbicide imazethapyr to Arabidopsis thaliana: Enantioselective effects.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the possible combined exposure effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and chiral herbicide imazethapyr (IM) on Arabidopsis thaliana. Herein, we show that co-exposure of Ag-NPs and chiral herbicide IM to A. thaliana can amplify the enantioselective ecotoxicity. It was found that after co-exposure of the herbicidally active 0.2 μM (R)-IM and 100 μM Ag-NPs, the silver concentration in roots was 1.40-fold higher than the co-exposure of Ag-NPs and (S)-enantiomer, as well as occurring in shoots that Ag-NPs combined with (R)-IM increased the Ag(+) concentration 77.78% than that with (S)-IM, suggesting an (R)-enantiomer preferential silver uptake. Increase of Ag(+) release under co-exposure of Ag-NPs and (R)-enantiomer was also observed. Our experiments indicated that under co-exposure of Ag-NPs and (R)-enantiomers, more accumulated amino acids can form more adducts with Ag(+), resulting in more Ag(+) release from Ag-NPs and higher ecotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: wenyuezhong@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuezhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zunwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jiguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D006540:Herbicides; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D012834:Silver; C093630:imazethapyr
keywords: Ag(+) release; Combined exposure; Free amino acids; Herbicide; Phytotoxicity; Silver nanoparticles