title: Endovascular Cooling Catheter for Selective Brain Hypothermia: An Animal Feasibility Study of Cooling Performance.
abstract: Therapeutic hypothermia represents a promising neuroprotective treatment in acute ischemic stroke. Selective cerebral hypothermia applied early, prior to and during endovascular mechanical recanalization therapy, may be beneficial in the critical phase of reperfusion. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a new intracarotid cooling catheter in an animal model.
  
  
  
  Nine adult sheep were included. Temperature probes were introduced into the frontal and temporal brain cortices bilaterally. The cooling catheter system was introduced into a common carotid artery. Selective blood cooling was applied for 180 minutes. Systemic and local brain temperatures were measured during cooling and rewarming. Common carotid artery diameters and flow were measured angiographically and by Doppler sonography.
  
  
  
  The common carotid artery diameter was between 6.7 and 7.3 mm. Common carotid artery blood flow velocities increased moderately during cooling and after catheter removal. Maximum cerebral cooling in the ipsilateral temporal cortex was -4.7°C (95% CI, -5.1 to -4.0°C). Ipsilateral brain temperatures dropped significantly faster and became lower compared with the contralateral cortex with maximum temperature difference of -1.3°C (95% CI, -1.5 to -1.0°C; P < .0001) and compared with systemic temperature (-1.4°C; 95% CI, -1.7 to -1.0°C; P < .0001).
  
  
  
  Sheep proved a feasible animal model for the intracarotid cooling catheter. Fast induction of selective mild hypothermia was achieved within the cooled cerebral hemisphere, with stable temperature gradients in the contralateral brain and systemic blood. Further studies are required to demonstrate any therapeutic benefit of selective cerebral cooling in a stroke model.
authors.affiliation: From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0550-7049
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.).
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1129-7554
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.).
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0305-0797
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4612-934X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfertz
authors.affiliation: From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2518-7898
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.affiliation: From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2203-2818
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Büchert
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.).
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0671-7542
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keuler
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.).
authors.forename: L
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7599-0799
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boos
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery (M.J.S.).
authors.forename: M J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7224-9185
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: University Heart Center (K.F.).
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7148-1030
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.affiliation: Neurology (W.-D.N.).
authors.forename: W-D
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1576-4081
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Niesen
authors.affiliation: University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8091-1589
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ihorst
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.).
authors.forename: H
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7264-4807
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urbach
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.) stephanmeckel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6468-4526
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meckel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D057785:Catheters; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep