title: Molecular characterization of midgut microbiota of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti from Arunachal Pradesh, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microbiota inhabiting midguts of mosquitoes play a key role in the host - parasite interaction and enhance vectorial capacity of viral diseases like dengue and chikungunya fevers. Mosquito midgut is considered to be an important site for host-pathogen interaction and pathogen survival is thought to be an outcome of this interaction. In the present study we examined the bacterial community in the midgut of Aedes mosquitoes in Arunanchal Pradesh, India, a subtropical zone where dengue fever is reported to be emerging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Larvae and pupa of Aedes mosquitoes were collected from a biodiversity hotspot, Bhalukpong, Arunachal Pradesh, India. 16S rRNA gene sequences were used for identification of isolated bacterial population from each species of mosquitoes. We used various diversity indices to assess the diversity and richness of the bacterial isolates in both mosquito species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis a total of 24 bacterial species from 13 genera were identified belonging to 10 families of four major phyla. Phylum Proteobacteria was dominant followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The midgut bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were isolated from both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, whereas, bacteria belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were isolated only from Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti respectively. Enterobacter cloacae was the dominant bacterial species in both Ae. albopictus (33.65%) and Ae. aegypti (56.45%). Bacillus aryabhattai (22.78%) was the second most common bacterial species in Ae. albopictus whereas, in Ae. aegypti the second most common bacterial species was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (7.44%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The family Enterobacteriaceae of phylum Proteobacteria was dominant in both species of Aedes mosquitoes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study midgut microbiota from a biodiversity hotspot in Northeastern India. Some bacterial genera Enterobacter and Acinetobacter isolated in this study are known to play important roles in parasite-vector interaction. Information on midgut microflora may lead towards the development of novel, safe, and effective strategies to manipulate the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, Assam, India. kamalbiotech.yadav@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kamlesh K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, Assam, India. ajitabhbora@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ajitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bora
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, Assam, India. sndatta1978@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sibnarayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Vector Management Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, M.P., India. chandelkc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kshitij
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandel
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, Assam, India. gogoi_hk@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Hemant K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Gogoi
authors.affiliation: School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P., India. gbksprasad@jiwaji.edu.
authors.forename: G B K S
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, Assam, India. vijayveer50@yahoo.com.|Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, Assam, India. vijayveer50@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Veer
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D007194:India; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011679:Pupa / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S