title: Sedative effect of 2-phenoxyethanol and essential oil of Lippia alba on stress response in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).
abstract: The anesthetic efficacy of the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) in Sparus aurata was evaluated by induction and recovery times of anesthesia. After, specimens were exposed to anesthetics low concentrations for 4h, under nonstress or stress conditions. Range 100-300 μL L(-1) EOLA induced anesthesia. Plasmatic cortisol, glucose, lactate, and osmolality enhanced after EOLA exposure in the undisturbed (UF) and stressed fish (SF). Lower corticotropin-releasing hormone binding-protein expression occurred in SF/EOLA compared with 2-PHE/stress combination or to EOLA/undisturbed conditions. Stress processes reduced prolactin (PRL) expression in the control fish, while UF exhibited reduced PRL levels after exposure to both anesthetics. Proopiomelanocortin (POMCa) mRNA was higher after 2-PHE exposure in SF compared to control; POMCb expression was higher in SF/EOLA in contrast to control and UF/EOLA conditions. Thus, EOLA was an effective anesthetic, but it was unable to prevent a stress response in S. aurata; while 2-PHE is advisable to sedate S. aurata without causing stress, but it was not effective at preventing a stress response in the present work.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: candidatoni@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Cândida
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martos-Sitcha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baldisserotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Pharmacy. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Berta Maria
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Heinzmann
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Lima Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mancera
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D032411:Lippia / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; C005398:phenoxyethanol
keywords: Anesthetics; Animal welfare; Fish; Hormones; Metabolism