title: Cleaved but not endogenous secretory RAGE is associated with outcome in acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression patterns of 2 soluble isoforms of receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE), including endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) and cleaved RAGE (cRAGE), and their associations with outcome in acute ischemic stroke (IS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute IS patients (n = 106) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 150) were recruited. Plasma levels of total soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and esRAGE in patients at <48 hours and 48-72 hours after IS and in controls were measured by ELISA. The level of cRAGE was calculated by subtracting the level of sRAGE from that of esRAGE. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 3 months after stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma levels of cRAGE were significantly higher and correlated to those of esRAGE (p < 0.001). The plasma levels of esRAGE and cRAGE were both significantly higher in IS patients <48 hours and 48-72 hours after onset than in controls, but only level of cRAGE at <48 hours was independently associated with poor outcome after adjusting for clinical variables (odds ratio 2.44; 95% confidence interval 1.16-5.16; p = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma level of cRAGE at <48 hours after IS, rather than esRAGE, is a significant predictor of acute IS outcome.
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sung-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shin-Joe
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Kai
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chaur-Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Giia-Sheun
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Shiung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (S.-C.T., S.-J.Y., L.-K.T., J.-S.J.), Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital; the Department of Neurology (C.-J.H.), Taipei Medical University Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital; the Department of Neurology (L.-M.L.), Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; the Department of Neurology (G.-S.P.), Tri-Service General Hospital; and the School of Public Health (H.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. jsjeng@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jiann-Shing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jeng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000097:blood*; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; C000593877:esRAGE protein, human; C000593871:AGER protein, human