title: Selective determination of cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine in environmental samples by newly developed sorbent materials.
abstract: Sewage epidemiology, as compared to crime statistics, health, medical reports or population surveys, is becoming the most objective and realistic approach to estimate drug consumption and trends in local communities. In this study we proposed newly synthesized sorbent materials for selective extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from wastewater samples. The molecular modeling calculations were conducted to provide the choice of proper template and functional monomer for synthesis of extraction materials. The physicochemical properties of synthesized sorbents were studied using various techniques. The newly developed sorbent materials were applied for selective extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from wastewater samples collected from different wastewater treatment plants in Poland. The obtained recoveries values in wastewater samples were 83.6(±7.1)% and 72.1(±4.8)%, for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, respectively. The newly developed sorbents comprise an alternative to conventional ones, which are not entirely suitable for highly efficient purification of environmental samples due to the presence of contaminants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophamaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bujak
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland. Electronic address: rgadz@chem.umk.pl.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gadzała-Kopciuch
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowaczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophamaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raczak-Gutknecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophamaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kordalewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophamaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiktoria
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Struck-Lewicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophamaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Markuszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogusław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buszewski
mesh_terms: D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine; D011108:Polymers; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005618:benzoylecgonine