title: α-Solanine inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor expression by down-regulating the ERK1/2-HIF-1α and STAT3 signaling pathways.
abstract: In tumors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contributes to angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and tumorigenesis. In our previous study, we found that α-solanine, which is widespread in solanaceae, has a strong anti-cancer effect under normoxia. However, it is unknown whether α-solanine has a similar effect under hypoxia. We used cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to mimic hypoxia in vitro. HIF-1α, which is almost undetectable under normoxia, was significantly increased. Simultaneously, another regulator of VEGF, STAT3, was also significantly activated by CoCl2. We utilized α-solanine in co-culture with CoCl2. α-solanine decreased the expression of VEGF and loss of E-cadherin. α-solanine also suppressed the activation of phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), HIF-1α, and STAT3 signaling. The results provide new evidence that α-solanine has a strong anti-cancer effect via the ERK1/2-HIF-1α and STAT3 signaling pathways and suggest that it may be a potential new drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhengde
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chaohao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yaya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Juji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, China.
authors.forename: Bicheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mengtao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012992:Solanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C514919:alpha-solanine; D012992:Solanine; D003035:Cobalt; C018021:cobaltous chloride
keywords: HIF-1α; Pancreatic cancer; STAT3; VEGF; α-solanine; α-solanine (PubChem CID: 262500)