title: The antioxidative effects of acidic-, alkalic-, and enzymatic-extractable mycelium zinc polysaccharides by Pleurotus djamor on liver and kidney of streptozocin-induced diabetic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Edible mushrooms, especially the genus of Pleurotus, have been well studied for their nutrition as well as non-toxic medicinal properties. Recently, much attention has been paid to the therapeutic values of mushrooms in genus of Pleurotus with diabetes mellitus (DM), which was a complex metabolic disorder that induced by increased oxidative stress and characterized by hyperglycemia. However, scare attention has been paid to polysaccharides from P. djamor. Meanwhile, zinc is an essential trace element in the human body and it participates in various pathways of metabolism. Therefore, the objective of present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the three extractable mycelium zinc polysaccharides (MZPS), including acidic-MZPS (Ac-MZPS), alkalic-MZPS (Al-MZPS) and enzymatic-MZPS (En-MZPS), on the liver and kidneys in diabetic mice induced by streptozocin (STZ) aiming to better understand the possible hypoglycemic mechanisms and their health benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Ac-, Al-, and En-MZPS were extracted with hydrochloric acid (1 M), sodium hydroxide (1 M) and snailase (4 %) from P. djamor zinc-enriched mycelium, respectively. The diabetic mice were induced by injection of STZ. Besides the histopathological analyses of liver and kidney, the following biochemical analysis were processed to investigate the antioxidative effects, including activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH peroxide (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and kidney homogenate; activities of alamine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST), and levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), total cholesterol (TC), albumin (ALB), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were significantly increased, the MDA contents remarkably reduced, and the values of ALT, AST, BUN, CRE, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C observably mitigated in the liver, kidneys and serum of diabetic mice by these three polysaccharides treatment. Biochemical and histopathological analyses also showed that MZPS could alleviate liver and kidneys injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that Ac-, Al-, and En-MZPS possessed potent antioxidant activities, and could be used as a potentially functional food for the prevention of diabetes and its complications induced by STZ.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Nuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Fangyuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China. jiale0525@163.com.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011134:Polysaccharides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D015032:Zinc