title: Time-dependent flow velocity measurement using two-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging and evaluation by Hagen-Poiseuille equation.
abstract: This paper aims to develop a technique to assess velocity flow profile and wall shear stress (WSS) spatial distribution across a vessel phantom representing an artery. Upon confirming the reliability of the technique, it was then used on a set of carotid arteries from a cohort of human subjects. We implemented color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for measurement of velocity profile in the artery cross section. Two dimensional instantaneous and time-dependent flow velocity and WSS vector fields were measured and their waveforms of peak velocities based on the technique were compared with WSS values generated by Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Seventy-five patients with intima-media thickening were prospectively enrolled and were divided into an IMT group. At the same time, another 75 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the control group. All the subjects were scanned and the DICOM files were imported into our in-house program. Next, we determine the velocity profile of carotid arteries in a set of 150 human subjects and compared them again. The peak velocities by the CDFI and Hagen-Poiseuille equation techniques were compared and statistically evaluated. The amounts of deviation for the two measured WSS profiles were performed and we demonstrated that they are not significantly different. At two different flow settings with peak flow velocity of 0.1, 0.5 (×10(-11)) m/s, the obtained WSS were 0.021 ± 0.04, 0.038 ± 0.05 m/s, respectively. For the patient population study, the mean WSS value calculated by Hagen-Poiseuille equation was 2.98 ± 0.15 dyne/cm(2), while it was 2.31 ± 0.14 dyne/cm(2) by our CDFI analysis program. The difference was not statistically significant (t = -1.057, P = 0.259). Similar to the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, a negative linear correlation was also found between the calculated WSS and intima-media thickness (P = 0.000). Using CDFI analysis, we found that the WSS distribution at the middle of the proximal plaque shoulder was larger than the top of the shoulder. CDFI can assess the velocity and WSS profile accurately and efficiently and may be used for clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China. zhangbodongfang@qq.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China.
authors.forename: Lianghua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China.
authors.forename: Junyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Color Doppler flow imaging; Hagen–Poiseuille equation; Intima-media thickening; Velocity flow profile