title: Insertion/Insertion Genotype of Angiotensin I-Converting-Enzyme Gene Predicts Risk of Myocardial Infarction in North East India.
abstract: Myocardial infarction (MI) is common in India and the disease occurs at a relatively younger age. We wanted to look for association of Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene with MI in North East India. We also wanted to examine possible environmental interaction of ACE gene with established cardiovascular risk factors in causation of MI. In the study carried out in Assam Medical College, 200 consecutive confirmed cases of MI were recruited. Equal numbers of age- and sex-matched control subjects from hospital workers and patients attending the hospital for diseases unrelated to cardiovascular disease were enrolled. Structured questionnaires were used to note demographic and clinical factors. Cardiovascular risk factors were determined from history, physical examination and biochemical investigations. ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was determined by PCR method. Interaction of ACE gene with other risk factors was noted. The study identified ACE II genotype (odds ratio = 3.02; 95% CI 1.40-6.51), smoking, hypertension, diabetes and serum triglyceride > 150 mg/dl as independent risk factors for MI. ACE II genotype showed greater risk in non-smokers, non-hypertensives, non-diabetics and in subjects with LDL-C < 130 mg/dl. Low HDL cholesterol enhanced the genetic risk. Subjects with ACE II genotype have an independent risk of developing MI, specially in low cardiovascular risk subjects.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre-NE-Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box No-105, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786001, India.
authors.forename: Sukanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baruah
authors.affiliation: Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India.
authors.forename: Mriganka S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chaliha
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre-NE-Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box No-105, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786001, India.
authors.forename: Prasanta K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Borah
authors.affiliation: Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajkakati
authors.affiliation: Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
authors.forename: Prodeep K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Borua
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre-NE-Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box No-105, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786001, India. jmahanta@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jagadish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahanta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE I/D polymorphism; Cardiovascular risk factors; Gene–environment interaction; Myocardial infarction