title: Influence of waterborne gallic and pelargonic acid exposures on biochemical and reproductive parameters in the zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Gallic and pelargonic acids are biologically derived substances receiving a growing interest as eco-friendly biocides with potential applications in freshwater system management. However, some data gaps remain to address their chronic ecotoxicity issue, particularly for fish. This work aimed at investigating the sublethal effects of a long-term waterborne exposure of zebrafish to these compounds. Mature fish were exposed to gallic or pelargonic acid at the concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg/L during one month under semi-static conditions. Fecundity, hatching rate and median hatching time were regularly evaluated. Circulating sex hormone levels (11 ketotestosterone -11 KT, 17 βestradiol -E2-), plasma vitellogenin (Vtg), and gonad histology were monitored in males and females after exposure. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total glutathione peroxydase (GPx) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities were assessed as enzymatic biomarkers of exposure in fish liver. Significant increases of GPx activity were reported in females exposed to both type of chemicals regardless the contamination level. Moreover, 5 mg/L gallic acid induced a decrease in 11-KT levels for males. For fish exposed to pelargonic acid, decreases in circulating hormone levels were reported respectively at 0.05 and 5 mg/L for 11-KT in males, and at 0.5 mg/L for E2 in females. However, no histological alteration in gonads neither significant variation in reproductive performances were detected following zebrafish exposure to gallic or pelargonic acid. Additional investigations concerning the mode of application and the environmental fate of these substances may warrant their further use in freshwater systems at concentrations compatible with biocidal/allelochemical effects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 227-240, 2017.
authors.affiliation: UR AFPA, USC INRA 340, Campus Victor Grignard, Université De Lorraine, Boulevard Des Aiguillettes, BP 239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Techer
authors.affiliation: UR AFPA, USC INRA 340, Campus Victor Grignard, Université De Lorraine, Boulevard Des Aiguillettes, BP 239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milla
authors.affiliation: UR AFPA, USC INRA 340, Campus Victor Grignard, Université De Lorraine, Boulevard Des Aiguillettes, BP 239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: UR AFPA, USC INRA 340, Campus Victor Grignard, Université De Lorraine, Boulevard Des Aiguillettes, BP 239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viot
authors.affiliation: UR AFPA, USC INRA 340, Campus Victor Grignard, Université De Lorraine, Boulevard Des Aiguillettes, BP 239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D005707:Gallic Acid; C008776:pelargonic acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C003600:11-ketotestosterone
keywords: chronic toxicity; gallic acid; pelargonic acid; phytochemicals; zebrafish