title: Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus cell-free culture supernatants modulate chicken macrophage activities.
abstract: Lactobacilli are commensal microbes that reside in the intestines of several species, including chickens. Structural constituents of lactobacilli are able to stimulate the host immune system. Macrophages are crucial players in both innate and adaptive immune systems. Here, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius and their cell-free culture supernatants on the pro-inflammatory gene expression profile, nitric oxide (NO) production and phagocytosis by chicken macrophages. Substantial differences were found among Lactobacillus strains in their capacity to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines. L. acidophilus only up-regulated interferon (IFN)-γ, while L. reuteri and L. salivarius up-regulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 expression. Supernatant of L. salivarius up-regulated IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ expression, while the other cell-free supernatants did not induce significant changes. Moreover, L. reuteri and L. salivarius increased macrophage phagocytosis, but all cell-free supernatants increased macrophage NO production and did not change phagocytosis activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Quinteiro-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Brisbin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hodgins
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: shayan@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Cytokines; Innate immunity; Lactobacilli; Macrophages; Nitric oxide; Phagocytosis