title: Sodium hypochlorite oxidation of petroleum aliphatic contaminants in calcareous soils.
abstract: This research project investigated the sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) oxidation of aliphatic petroleum contaminants (C10-C50) in a calcareous soil (average 5473 ppm C10-C50, 15 wt% Ca), which had been excavated from a contaminated industrial site. The decontamination objective was to lower the C10-C50 concentration to 700 ppm. CO2 acidity was used in the project to boost the NaClO oxidation yield and seems to have played a role in desorbing the natural organic matter. The experimental conditions were a 2- to 16-h reaction time, at room temperature, with a 1 to 12.5 wt% NaClO oxidative solution and a fixed 2:1 solution-to-soil ratio. With a 3 wt% NaClO solution and with a CO2 overhead, the NaClO dosage requirement was maintained below 60 g NaClO/g of oxidized C10-C50 over the entire decontamination range. The strong chlorine smell remaining after the reaction was completed suggests that part of the NaClO requirement can be recycled. Except traces of chloroform, there were no regulation-listed organochloride contaminants detected on either the treated soil samples or leachates and the total count of chlorinated compounds in treated soil samples was below the detection limit of 250 mg/kg. The NaClO oxidation mechanism on aliphatic substrates might be triggered by transition metals, such as manganese, but no attempt has been made to investigate the oxidation mechanism. Further investigations would include a constant-fed NaClO system and other techniques to lower the required NaClO dosage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada. Electronic address: jamal.chaouki@polymtl.ca.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chaouki
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010578:Petroleum; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D010578:Petroleum; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: C10–C50; Contaminated soil; Oxidation; Petroleum; Sodium hypochlorite