title: Retrospective observation of mental disorders during postpartum period: Results from the Singapore mental health study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The perinatal period has been identified as a period of vulnerability for various disorders (particularly anxiety and depressive disorders), which have been associated with negative outcomes for both mother and infant. The current study utilized data from the Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) to examine the temporal relationship between mental disorders and the perinatal period, as well as associated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Life table estimation method was used to derive the estimated hazard rate for any mood or anxiety disorders following pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between socio-demographic factors and onset of mental disorders after the first pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among women with children (n = 2278), 1.5 % were found to have an onset of any mental disorder (i.e., mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorders), within 2 years after pregnancy. A peak in hazard rate was noted at approximately 1 year following pregnancy for anxiety disorders but not mood disorders. Women who were married, employed and physically healthy were less likely to have had developed any mental disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum was found to be low among women with children in our community sample, with increased vulnerability following delivery. The results offer some insight into the occurrence of mental disorders during the perinatal period among women in Singapore.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore. vathsala_sagayadevan@imh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Vathsala
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sagayadevan
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore. siaupheng0611@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Siau Pheng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore. edimansyah_abdin@imh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Edimansyah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdin
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore. janhavi_vaingankar@imh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Janhavi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaingankar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore. Helen.Chen.Y@kkh.com.sg.|Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. Helen.Chen.Y@kkh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore. siow_ann_chong@imh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Siow Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore. mythily@imh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Mythily
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology