title: [Finite element analysis of the maxillary central incisor with crown lengthening surgery and post-core restoration in management of crown-root fracture].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To construct the finite element models of maxillary central incisor and the simulations with crown lengthening surgery and post-core restoration in management of different crown-root fracture types, to investigate the stress intensity and distributions of these models mentioned above, and to analyze the indications of crown lengthening from the point of view of mechanics.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extracted maxillary central incisor and alveolar bone plaster model were scanned by Micro-CT and dental impression scanner (3shape D700) respectively. Then the 3D finite element models of the maxillary central incisor and 9 simulations with crown lengthening surgery and post-core restoration were constructed by Mimics 10.0, Geomagic studio 9.0 and ANSYS 14.0 software. The oblique static force (100 N) was applied to the palatal surface (the junctional area of the incisal 1/3 and middle 1/3), at 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis, then the von Mises stress of dentin, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, post and core, as well as the periodontal ligament area, were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 high-precision three-dimensional finite element models of maxillary central incisor were established. The von Mises stress of models: post>dentin>alveolar bone>core>periodontal ligament, and the von Mises stress increased linearly with the augmentation of fracture degree (besides the core). The periodontal ligament area of the crown lengthening was reduced by 12% to 33%. The von Mises stress of periodontal ligament of the B2L2c, B2L3c, B3L1c, B3L2c, B3L3c models exceeded their threshold limit value, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maxillary central incisors with the labial fracture greater than three-quarter crown length and the palatal fracture deeper than 1 mm below the alveolar crest are not the ideal indications of the crown lengthening surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Wen-jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanics and Engineering Scince, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Qi-guo
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Rong
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D016556:Crown Lengthening; D003442:Crowns; D003804:Dentin; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D011176:Post and Core Technique; D019228:Tooth Crown; D014082:Tooth Fractures; D014092:Tooth Root