title: Reconfigurable Solid-state Dye-doped Polymer Ring Resonator Lasers.
abstract: This paper presents wavelength configurable on-chip solid-state ring lasers fabricated by a single-mask standard lithography. The single- and coupled-ring resonator hosts were fabricated on a fused-silica wafer and filled with 3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide (CY3), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and 3,3'-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (CY5)-doped polymer as the reconfigurable gain media. The recorded lasing threshold was ~220 nJ/mm(2) per pulse for the single-ring resonator laser with R6G, marking the lowest threshold shown by solid-state dye-doped polymer lasers fabricated with a standard lithography process on a chip. A single-mode lasing from a coupled-ring resonator system with the lasing threshold of ~360 nJ/mm(2) per pulse was also demonstrated through the Vernier effect. The renewability of the dye-doped polymer was examined by removing and redepositing the dye-doped polymer on the same resonator hosts for multiple cycles. We recorded consistent emissions from the devices for all trials, suggesting the feasibility of employing this technology for numerous photonic and biochemical sensing applications that entail for sustainable, reconfigurable, and low lasing threshold coherent light sources on a chip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Hengky
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chandrahalim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011108:Polymers; D012235:Rhodamines; C026188:rhodamine 6G; C081554:3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C072030:3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide