title: THE EFFECT OF CHRONOTYPE ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES DURING AEROBIC SELF-PACED EXERCISES.
abstract: It was hypothesized that an individual's chronotype might influence the response to physical activity at a given time of day. This study aimed to analyze the psychophysiological responses during a walking task at different times of day in individuals with different chronotypes. 46 students (M age=24.8 yr., SD=7.2) filled in the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to determine chronotypes. Heart rate, walking time, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during two self-paced walking sessions: one in the morning (08:30) and one in the afternoon (15:30). A multivariate analysis of variance found a significant interaction between chronotype and time of day. The post hoc analysis showed a significant difference for RPE in the morning session, with evening types reporing a higher RPE compared with the morning types. The chronotype and the time of day when a physical task is undertaken can influence the RPE response, although it might not influence physiological or performance parameters. This has to be taken into account, because it can affect test reliability as well as possibly have a negative influence on the affective responses to a given task.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Formenti
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Jacopo A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Dental Care and Public Health, Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calogiuri
authors.affiliation: 3 School of Sport Sciences, UiT, Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Norway.
authors.forename: Andi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weydahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011603:Psychophysiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012890:Sleep; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult