title: A comparison of the nature and correlates of panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder.
abstract: Panic attacks occurring outside of Panic Disorder are not well-understood despite their inclusion as a diagnostic specifier in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This study compares panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder compared to social anxiety in terms of their symptom frequency, severity, and clinical correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n=404) were interviewed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-IV-L; Brown et al., 1994), from which we analyzed interviewer ratings of panic attacks and panic attack symptoms, as well as other demographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder were characterized by a greater number and severity of symptoms compared to panic attacks in the context of Social Anxiety Disorder, and were associated with a history of traumatization, inpatient psychiatric treatment, and benzodiazepine use. Social anxiety panic attacks were associated with reduced physical health concerns. Cognitive panic attack symptoms were more prevalent in Panic Disorder and were associated with a variety of poor clinical correlates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder are more severe than those in social anxiety, and this may be driven by cognitive disturbances during those attacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lily A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: LeBeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Niles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: craske@psych.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Craske
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012919:Social Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Panic Disorder; Panic attacks; Social Anxiety Disorder