title: Change in brain network connectivity during PACAP38-induced migraine attacks: A resting-state functional MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate resting-state functional connectivity in the salience network (SN), the sensorimotor network (SMN), and the default mode network (DMN) during migraine attacks induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, randomized study, 24 female migraine patients without aura received IV PACAP38 or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) over 20 minutes. Both peptides are closely related and cause vasodilation, but only PACAP38 induces migraine attacks. VIP was therefore used as active placebo. Resting-state functional MRI was recorded before and during PACAP38-induced migraine attacks and before and after VIP infusion. We analyzed data by Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 and the Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit for Matlab in a seed-based fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PACAP38 (n = 16) induced migraine attacks and increased connectivity with the bilateral opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the SN. In SMN, there was increased connectivity with the right premotor cortex and decreased connectivity with the left visual cortex. Several areas showed increased (left primary auditory, secondary somatosensory, premotor, and visual cortices) and decreased (right cerebellum and left frontal lobe) connectivity with DMN. We found no resting-state network changes after VIP (n = 15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PACAP38-induced migraine attack is associated with altered connectivity of several large-scale functional networks of the brain.
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Faisal Mohammad
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magon
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammad Sohail
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Nur Nabil
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Egill
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rostrup
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sprenger
authors.affiliation: From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (F.M.A., A.H., M.S.A., N.N.A., M.A.) and the Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Neurology (S.M.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and the Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. ashina@dadlnet.dk.
authors.forename: Messoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide