title: Obstetric outcome of second trimester antenatal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical significance of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women between 14th and 22th gestational weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective case-control study was conducted between September 2010 and December 2013. Two-hundred nineteen pregnant women with vaginal bleeding between 14th and 22th gestational weeks were compared with 325 pregnant women without vaginal bleeding for their maternal and early neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean gestational age and birth weight of study group were significantly different from those of the control group respectively (37.9 ± 2.8 versus 38.9 ± 1.4 and 3071 ± 710 versus 3349 ± 446 for groups p < 0.001). Vaginal bleeding between 14th and 22th gestational weeks had increased risk of having preterm birth (PB) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) (OR: 10.8, 95% CI: [4.5-26.1]; OR: 12.0, 95% CI: [3.5-40.6], respectively). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polyhydramnios ratio in the study group was significantly higher than the control respectively (4.1% versus 1.2%, p = 0.031; 1.9% versus 0%, p = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant women with vaginal bleeding was a significantly risk factor for PB, PPROM, GDM, and polyhydramnios. Consequently, these pregnancies should be closely followed up for maternal and fetus complications.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Obstetrics Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Şafak
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Özdemirci
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Perinatology & High-Risk Pregnancy Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demirdağ
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Perinatology & High-Risk Pregnancy Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey , and.|c Department of Epidemiology , Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasapoğlu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Perinatology & High-Risk Pregnancy Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Ertuğrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karahanoğlu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Obstetrics Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Başer
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Perinatology & High-Risk Pregnancy Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yalvaç
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Obstetrics Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Ömer Lütfi
authors.initials: ÖL
authors.lastname: Tapisiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Antenatal bleeding; outcome; preterm labor; second trimester