title: Gambling disorder in financial markets: Clinical and treatment-related features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, few studies have examined the clinical manifestation of disordered gamblers in financial markets. This study examined the differences in the clinical and treatment-related features of gambling disorder between financial markets and horse races.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects who met the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling (PG) and who sought treatment were assessed by retrospective chart review. One hundred forty-four subjects were included in this sample, which consisted of the following groups: financial markets (n = 45; 28.6%) and horse races (n = 99; 71.4%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple similar manifestations were found between the groups, including severity of PG, age of PG onset, amounts of gambling debts, drinking days per week, depressive mood, duration of seeking treatment after the onset of PG, and treatment follow-up duration. However, disordered gamblers who invested in the financial market were significantly more likely to be educated (p = 0.003), live with their spouses (p = 0.007), have full-time jobs (p = 0.006), and they were more likely to participate in the first type of gambling than the horse races group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the financial markets group received the anti-craving medication less often than the horse races group (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that disordered gamblers in financial markets show different socio-demographic, clinical and treatment-related features compared with the horse race gamblers, despite a similar severity of gambling disorder. Understanding these differential manifestations may provide insight into prevention and treatment development for specific types of gambling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute on Behavioral Addictions , True Mind Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, Korea.|Health Care & Information Research Institute, Namseoul University , Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sam-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Myeongji Hospital , Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Juwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dai-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007449:Investments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: clinical features; financial market; gambling disorder; horse race; treatment