title: Significance of Polymorphisms and Expression of Enzyme-Encoding Genes Related to Glutathione in Hematopoietic Cancers and Solid Tumors.
abstract: Antioxidant compounds such as glutathione and its enzymes have become the focus of attention of medical sciences. Glutathione, a specific tripeptide, is involved in many intercellular processes. The glutathione concentration is determined by the number of GAG repeats in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. GAG polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, berylliosis, diabetes, lung cancer, and nasopharyngeal tumors. Cancer cells with high glutathione concentration are resistant to chemotherapy treatment. The oxidized form of glutathione is formed by glutathione peroxidases (GPXs). The changes in activity of GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3 isoforms may be associated with the development of cancers, for example, prostate cancer or even colon cancer. Detoxification of glutathione conjugates is possible due to activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTO1 enzymes increase the risk of developing breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) are responsible for glutathione degradation. Increased activity of GGT correlates with adverse prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Studies on genes encoding glutathione enzymes are continued in order to determine the correlation between DNA polymorphisms in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Szymon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zmorzyński
authors.affiliation: Department of Animals Physiology, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Świderska-Kołacz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koczkodaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata Anna
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Filip
mesh_terms: D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D005978:Glutathione / Q000235:genetics*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione