title: NIH working group report-using genomic information to guide weight management: From universal to precision treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Precision medicine utilizes genomic and other data to optimize and personalize treatment. Although more than 2,500 genetic tests are currently available, largely for extreme and/or rare phenotypes, the question remains whether this approach can be used for the treatment of common, complex conditions like obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, which underlie a host of metabolic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review, developed from a Trans-NIH Conference titled "Genes, Behaviors, and Response to Weight Loss Interventions," provides an overview of the state of genetic and genomic research in the area of weight change and identifies key areas for future research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although many loci have been identified that are associated with cross-sectional measures of obesity/body size, relatively little is known regarding the genes/loci that influence dynamic measures of weight change over time. Although successful short-term weight loss has been achieved using many different strategies, sustainable weight loss has proven elusive for many, and there are important gaps in our understanding of energy balance regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elucidating the molecular basis of variability in weight change has the potential to improve treatment outcomes and inform innovative approaches that can simultaneously take into account information from genomic and other sources in devising individualized treatment plans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Molly S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth J F
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Loos
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McCaffery
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vassy
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agurs-Collins
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000639:trends; D058028:Research Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends