title: Utility of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis of unroofed coronary sinus.
abstract: We report a case of unroofed coronary sinus (URCS) in a 42-year-old female. At an outpatient clinic, she was found to have an atrioventricular septal defect and mitral regurgitation with pulmonary hypertension, and she was transferred to our institute for surgical treatment. Both atrioventricular valves were located at the same level, and both the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle were enlarged on two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Color Doppler imaging demonstrated severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation and a left-to-right shunt from the left atrium (LA) to the RA. Although an ostium primum defect of the atrial septum was suspected, the exact position of the shunt flow was unclear. Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) could visualize a direct communication between the LA and coronary sinus. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) clearly visualized the entire route from the coronary sinus into the LA and RA. The utility of 3D-TEE as a modality complementary to 2D-TEE in diagnosis of URCS was confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan. kawamukaimina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamukai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muranaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan.|Laboratory Medicine, Department of Infection Control and Clinical, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hokushinkai Megumino Hospital, Eniwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makiguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higami
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
keywords: Adult congenital heart disease; Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography; Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography; Unroofed coronary sinus