title: Perihematomal Edema Is Greater in the Presence of a Spot Sign but Does Not Predict Intracerebral Hematoma Expansion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perihematomal edema volume may be related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume at baseline and, consequently, with hematoma expansion. However, the relationship between perihematomal edema and hematoma expansion has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship among baseline perihematomal edema, the computed tomographic angiography spot sign, hematoma expansion, and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predicting Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Contrast Bolus CT (PREDICT) was a prospective observational cohort study of ICH patients presenting within 6 hours from onset. Patients underwent computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography scans at baseline and 24-hour computed tomography scan. A post hoc analysis of absolute perihematomal edema and relative perihematomal edema (absolute perihematomal edema divided by ICH) volumes was performed on baseline computed tomography scans (n=353). Primary outcome was significant hematoma expansion (>6 mL or >33%). Secondary outcomes were early neurological deterioration, 90-day mortality, and poor outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absolute perihematomal edema volume was higher in spot sign patients (24.5 [11.5-41.8] versus 12.6 [6.9-22] mL; P<0.001), but it was strongly correlated with ICH volume (ρ=0.905; P<0.001). Patients who experienced significant hematoma expansion had higher absolute perihematomal edema volume (18.4 [10-34.6] versus 11.8 [6.5-22] mL; P<0.001) but similar relative perihematomal edema volume (1.09 [0.89-1.37] versus 1.12 [0.88-1.54]; P=0.400). Absolute perihematomal edema volume and poorer outcomes were higher by tertiles of ICH volume, and perihematomal edema volume did not independently predict significant hematoma expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perihematomal edema volume is greater at baseline in the presence of a spot sign. However, it is strongly correlated with ICH volume and does not independently predict hematoma expansion.
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Luna
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Teri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Dar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dowlatshahi
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Jayme C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kosior
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Aviv
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Imanuel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dzialowski
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Cheemun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czlonkowska
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Jean-Martin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Gord
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gubitz
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Vasantha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Padma
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Jayanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.).
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (D.R.-L., C.A.M.); Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.R.-L., T.S., S.S., M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine, Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (D.D.); Cybertrial Medical Software Inc, Edmonton, Canada (J.C.K.); Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Department of Neurology, Elblandkliniken Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.D.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.L.); 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Neurology, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada (J.M.B.); Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); and Department of Neurology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India (J.R.). ademchuk@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Demchuk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: computed tomographic angiography; edema; hematoma expansion; intracerebral hemorrhage; outcome; spot sign