title: Mammalian tissue extracts used to treat cardiovascular disease as exemplified by Recosen.
abstract: This paper reviews the cardiovascular effects of an aqueous extract of animal heart, which was in clinical development in the early 1950s. The aqueous extract reversed the negative inotropic effects of hypoxia in the frog heart preparation. In extensive observational clinical trials between 1950 and 1975, beneficial effects were reported on reducing cardiac arrhythmias, improving effort in angina pectoris, as well as improving heart failure. The majority of clinical publications came from Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Jackson and Temple identified tyramine as the main constituent in the aqueous extract. While the hemodynamic effects of tyramine in humans are well characterized, the relationship to its clinical efficacy remains speculative.
authors.affiliation: Materia Medica, Mere Croft, Chester Road, Mere, Cheshire, WA16 6LG, UK.
authors.forename: Desmond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C009161:heart muscle extract; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: cardiac tissue extract; observational trials; trace amine receptors; tyramine