title: Is magnetic resonance imaging necessary in isolated greater trochanter fracture? A systemic review and pooled analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isolated fractures of the greater trochanter (GT) of the femur are uncommon and few studies have assessed the diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic schedule for these fractures. The current data regarding assessment of isolated fractures of the GT are limited to a few reviews based on the experience of a single institution. Therefore, we asked the following questions: (1) what proportion of cases has an associated extension of the fracture into the intertrochanteric region in isolated GT fracture and (2) what are the treatment options and outcomes of GT fractures with occult intertrochanteric fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review of published studies that evaluated patients who displayed isolated GT fracture on routine radiographic examination and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan because of the suspicion of extension into the intertrochanteric region. A structured literature review of multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane systematic reviews) referenced articles from 1950 to 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 110 patients were identified from 7 published studies. MRI documented isolated GT fractures diagnosed on initial radiographs in only 11 of 110 patients (10%). In 99 patients (90%), MRI examinations revealed extension of the fracture into the intertrochanteric region. Surgical fixation was necessary for 61 patients, with a pooled percentage of 55%. No complications were observed after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has helped to elucidate further the assessment of isolated fracture of the GT. We believe that MRI is a reasonable option for patients presenting with isolated GT fracture on plain radiographs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, KEPCO Medical Foundation, KEPCO Medical center, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-Gu, Seoul, 132-703, Korea. sju627@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Seung-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, KEPCO Medical Foundation, KEPCO Medical center, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-Gu, Seoul, 132-703, Korea. ajhssnim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joonghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, KEPCO Medical Foundation, KEPCO Medical center, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-Gu, Seoul, 132-703, Korea. hyoriman@naver.com.
authors.forename: Hyung Kook
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Korea. smonti1976@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome