title: Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seropositivity in buffaloes in Paraiba State, Brazil.
abstract: The aims of this survey were to determine the frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity among buffaloes in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. This survey included 136 buffaloes belonging to 14 herds. To detect anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used. Among the 136 samples analyzed, 17 (12.5%) were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies with titers ranging from 64 to 1,024, and 26 (19.1%) for anti-N. caninum with titers from 200 to 1,600. Animals seropositive for both T. gondii and N. caninum were found in 10 of the 14 herds (71.4%). Semi-intensive management systems (odds ratio = 2.99) and presence of pigs (odds ratio = 4.33) were identified as risk factors for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. It can be suggested that T. gondii and N. caninum are widespread in buffaloes in Paraíba, and that additional surveys are needed in order to ascertain the importance of these agents for this species and for pigs, and the influence of the farming type on occurrences of seropositive animals.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brasil.
authors.forename: Arthur Willian de Lima
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Brasil
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brasil.
authors.forename: Roberta Nunes
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Parentoni
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thais Ferreira
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.affiliation: Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brasil.
authors.forename: Camila de Sousa
authors.initials: Cde S
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Longo Ribeiro
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Hilda Fátima de Jesus
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sergio Santos
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D018688:Neospora / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013552:Swine / Q000469:parasitology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan