title: Comparison of the effects of Crataegus oxyacantha extract, aerobic exercise and their combination on the serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-Selectin in patients with stable angina pectoris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesion molecules play an important role in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was comparing the effect of Cratagol herbal tablet, aerobic exercise and their combination on the serum levels of Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and E-Selectin in patients with stable angina pectoris.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty stable angina pectoris patients aged between 45 and 65 years, were randomly divided into four groups including three experimental groups and one control group: aerobic exercise (E), Crataegus oxyacantha extract (S), aerobic exercise and Crataegus oxyacantha extract (S+E), and control (C). Blood sampling was taken 24 h before and after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and Crataegus oxyacantha extract consumption. The results of serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intergroup comparison of the data revealed a significant reduction (P <0.01) in serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in experimental groups. Analysis of data showed that the serum levels of ICAM-1 had significant difference when group S+E was compared with groups S and C, but not group E (P = 0.021, P = 0.000 and P = 0.068, respectively). Also the difference between the levels of E-selectin was significant comparing S+E and S but not E with group C (P = 0.021, P = 0.000 and P = 0.052, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve weeks effects of aerobic exercise and Crataegus oxyacantha extract consuming is an effective complementary strategy to significantly lower the risk of atherosclerosis and heart problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran. Leila_jalaly@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jalaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran. gre_sharifi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor in Exercise Physiology, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran. md.Faramarzi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faramarzi
authors.affiliation: Subspecialist of Cardiology and Assistant Professor, Shahrekord Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. drarn418@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nematollahi
authors.affiliation: Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. rafieian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafieian-kopaei
authors.affiliation: Health Research Center, Shahrekord Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. masoud.amiri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran. Farmoattar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moattar
mesh_terms: D060050:Angina, Stable / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013607:Tablets; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D010936:Plant Extracts; C546936:SELE protein, human; D013607:Tablets; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C007145:crataegus extract