title: Oxidative stress and renal toxicity after subacute exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether in Wistar rats.
abstract: Fully brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a flame retardant widely used in plastics and textiles. Because of its high persistence, humans are exposed to it continuously, mainly via dust ingestion. We investigated effects of BDE-209 on renal function and oxidative stress development in the kidney after subacute exposure in rats. Five groups of animals were given by oral gavage 31.25-500 mg BDE-209/kg b.w./day for 28 days, and relative kidney weight, serum urea and creatinine, and oxidative stress parameters in the kidney were determined. Benchmark-dose approach was used for dose response modeling. Serum creatinine was increased, while results obtained for serum urea were inconclusive. Relative kidney weight was not affected by BDE-209. Kidney reduced glutathione was elevated, while superoxide dismutase activity was not changed after BDE-209 treatment. Also, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased and total -SH groups were decreased, which indicated oxidative imbalance. The critical effect dose (CED)/CEDL ratios for the effects on TBARS and total -SH groups indicated estimated CEDs for these markers can be used in risk assessment of BDE-209. Our study results have shown that a relatively low dose of BDE-209 affects kidney function and that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms of its nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Chemicals Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, Omladinskih brigada 1, 11070, Belgrade, Serbia. vesna.milovanovic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Milovanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buha
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curcic
authors.affiliation: National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vucinic
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-4, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antonijevic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C031538:phenyl ether; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: BDE-209; Creatinine; Nephrotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Rat; Urea