title: Timed 360° Turn Test for Assessing People With Chronic Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate (1) the intrarater, interrater, and test-retest reliability of the timed 360° turn test in subjects with stroke; (2) the concurrent validity of the timed 360° turn test by exploring its correlation with other measures of stroke-specific impairments; and (3) the cutoff times that best discriminate individuals with stroke from healthy older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with chronic stroke (n=72) and healthy individuals (n=35) of similar age (N=107).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The timed 360° turn test was administered along with the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremity, measurement of muscle strength of ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors using a handheld dynamometer, Berg Balance Scale, limit of stability test, five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS) test, 10-m walk test, and timed Up and Go (TUG) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 360° turn times showed excellent intrarater, interrater, and test-retest reliability in individuals with stroke. A minimal detectable change of .76 seconds was found for subjects turning toward the affected side and 1.22 seconds for subjects turning toward the unaffected side. The 360° turn times were found to correlate significantly with Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremity scores, dosiflexor strength of the affected ankle, plantarflexor strength of both ankles, FTSTS test times, balance performance, gait speed, and TUG test times. The 360° turn times of 3.43 to 3.49 seconds were shown to discriminate reliably between individuals with stroke and healthy older adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The timed 360° turn test is a reliable and an easily administered clinical tool to assess the turning ability of subjects with chronic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (SAR); Physiotherapy Department, Kowloon Hospital, Kowloon City, Hong Kong (SAR).
authors.forename: Clara H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (SAR). Electronic address: Shamay.Ng@polyu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Shamay S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (SAR).
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (SAR); School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong (SAR).
authors.forename: Tai-Wa
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (SAR).
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR).
authors.forename: Shirley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Rehabilitation; Stroke