title: Predictors of Depression Symptoms Among Low-Income Women Exposed to Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence (IPV).
abstract: Women experiencing perinatal intimate partner violence (IPV) may be at increased risk for depression. Baseline data was analyzed from 239 low-income pregnant women participating in an intervention study designed to reduce exposure to IPV. Depression risk was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and IPV factors were measured with the Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised (CTS-2). Stepwise regression was conducted to identify predictors of risk for depression. Race (p = 0.028), psychological IPV (p = 0.035) and sexual IPV (p = 0.031) were strongly associated with risk for depression. Regression results indicated that women experiencing severe psychological IPV were more likely to develop depression (OR 3.16, 95 % CI 1.246, 8.013) than those experiencing severe physical or sexual IPV. Experiencing severe psychological IPV during pregnancy is strongly linked to risk for depression. Routine screening for psychological IPV may increase identification and treatment of women at high risk for depression during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia, 225 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA. jck9e@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kastello
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Global Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Marie P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kodadek
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolf Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Phyllis W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sharps
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia, 225 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bullock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Intimate partner violence; Pregnancy; Psychological IPV