title: A Comprehensive Study of Osteogenic Calcium Phosphate Silicate Cement: Material Characterization and In Vitro/In Vivo Testing.
abstract: Vertebral compression fractures can be successfully restored by injectable bone cements. Here the as-yet unexplored in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo biodegradation, and osteoconductivity of a new calcium phosphate silicate cements (CPSC) are studied, where monocalcium phosphate (MCP; 5, 10, and 15 wt%) is added to calcium silicate cement (CSC). Setting rate and compressive strength of CPSC decrease with the addition of MCP. The crystallinity, microstructure, and porosity of hardened CPSC are evaluated by X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and microcomputed tomography (CT). It is found that MCP reacts with calcium hydroxide, one of CSC hydration products, to precipitate apatite. While the reaction accelerates the hydration of CSC, the formation of calcium silicate hydrate gel is disturbed and highly porous microstructures form, resulting in weaker compressive strength. In vitro studies demonstrate that CPSC is noncytotoxic to osteoblast cells and promotes their proliferation. In the rabbit tibia implantation model, clinical X-ray and CT scans demonstrate that CPSC biodegrades slower and osseointegrates better than clinically used calcium phosphate cement (CPC). Histological studies demonstrate that CPSC is osteoconductive and induces higher bone formation than CPC, a finding that might warrant future clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, 500 Zhihui Avenue, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110167, China.
authors.forename: Tianxing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Beijing, 100069, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Safety Evaluation Center of Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ltd., 8 East, Shenliao Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110021, China.
authors.forename: Yixi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command and Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110804, China.
authors.forename: Yubiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command and Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110804, China.
authors.forename: Mingxiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110804, China.
authors.forename: Xinwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110804, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Device Evaluation, Wu dong Building No. 9, Chegongzhuang Ave., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100069, China.
authors.forename: Lejun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: N Dorin
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ruse
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6350 Store Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Troczynski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Urs O
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Häfeli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D012823:Silicate Cement / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D012823:Silicate Cement; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: biocompatible; biodegradation; calcium phosphate silicate cement; osseointegration; osteoblast proliferation