title: A focused Real Time PCR strategy to determine GILZ expression in mouse tissues.
abstract: Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) is a glucocorticoid-inducible gene that mediates glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory effects. GILZ and the isoform L-GILZ are expressed in a variety of cell types, especially of hematopoietic origin, including macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells, and strongly upregulated upon glucocorticoid treatment. A quantitative analysis of GILZ expression in mouse tissues is technically difficult to perform because of the presence of a pseudogene and the high homology of GILZ gene with other genes of TSC22 family. We here propose specific primer pairs to be used in Real Time PCR to avoid unwanted amplification of GILZ pseudogene and TSC-22 family member d1iso3. These primer pairs were used to determine GILZ and L-GILZ expression, in either untreated or in vivo and in vitro dexamethasone-treated tissues. Results indicate that GILZ and L-GILZ are upregulated by glucocorticoids, being GILZ more sensitive to glucocorticoid induction than L-GILZ, but they are differently expressed in all examined tissues, confirming a different role in specific cells. An inappropriate primer pair amplified also GILZ pseudogene and TSC22d1iso3, thus producing misleading results. This quantitative evaluation may be used to better characterize the role of GILZ and L-GILZ in mice and may be translated to humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gentili
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Petrillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Emira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ayroldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ronchetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nocentini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riccardi
keywords: GILZ; GILZ pseudogene; Glucocorticoids; L-GILZ; Real Time PCR; TSC22d1