title: The role of feeding rhythm, adrenal hormones and neuronal inputs in synchronizing daily clock gene rhythms in the liver.
abstract: The master clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is assumed to distribute rhythmic information to the periphery via neural, humoral and/or behavioral connections. Until now, feeding, corticosterone and neural inputs are considered important signals for synchronizing daily rhythms in the liver. In this study, we investigated the necessity of neural inputs as well as of the feeding and adrenal hormone rhythms for maintaining daily hepatic clock gene rhythms. Clock genes kept their daily rhythm when only one of these three signals was disrupted, or when we disrupted hepatic neuronal inputs together with the adrenal hormone rhythm or with the daily feeding rhythm. However, all clock genes studied lost their daily expression rhythm after simultaneous disruption of the feeding and adrenal hormone rhythm. These data indicate that either a daily rhythm of feeding or adrenal hormones should be present to synchronize clock gene rhythms in the liver with the SCN.
authors.affiliation: Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cailotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ewout
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foppen
authors.affiliation: Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Remi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celulary Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fliers
authors.affiliation: Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.kalsbeek@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Andries
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalsbeek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D057906:Circadian Clocks; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538945:Clock protein, rat; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Adrenalectomy; Circadian; Clock genes; Denervation; Feeding; Liver