title: The application of textile sludge adsorbents for the removal of Reactive Red 2 dye.
abstract: Sludge from the textile industry was used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove the dye Reactive Red 2 from an aqueous solution. Adsorbents were prepared through the thermal and chemical treatment of sludge originating from physical-chemical (PC) and biological (BIO) effluent treatment processes. The adsorbent characterization was carried out through physical-chemical analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, pHPZC determination, Boehm titration method, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch kinetic experiments and adsorption isotherm modeling were conducted under different pH and temperature conditions. The results for the kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption processes associated with these systems can be described by a pseudo-second-order model and for the equilibrium data the Langmuir model provided the best fit. The adsorption was strongly dependent on the pH but not on the temperature within the ranges studied. The maxima adsorption capacities were 159.3 mg g(-1) for the BIO adsorbent and 213.9 mg g(-1) for PC adsorbent at pH of 2 and 25 °C.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mass Transfer, Chemical Engineering Department, PO Box 476, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Sonai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mass Transfer, Chemical Engineering Department, PO Box 476, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Selene M A Guelli U
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mass Transfer, Chemical Engineering Department, PO Box 476, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: debora.oliveira@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mass Transfer, Chemical Engineering Department, PO Box 476, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Augusto U
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013783:Textile Industry; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D012722:Sewage; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C098610:reactive red 2
keywords: Adsorption; Reactive Red 2; Reactive dye; Textile sludge; Water reuse