title: Potent PPARγ Ligands from Swietenia macrophylla Are Capable of Stimulating Glucose Uptake in Muscle Cells.
abstract: Numerous documented ethnopharmacological properties have been associated with Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae), with its seed extract reported to display anti-hypoglycemic activities in diabetic rats. In the present study, three compounds isolated from the seeds of S. macrophylla were tested on a modified ELISA binding assay and showed to possess PPARγ ligand activity. They were corresponded to PPARγ-mediated cellular response, stimulated adipocyte differentiation but produced lower amount of fat droplets compared to a conventional anti-diabetic agent, rosiglitazone. The up-regulation of adipocytes was followed by increased adipocyte-related gene expressions such as adiponectin, adipsin, and PPARγ. The S. macrophylla compounds also promoted cellular glucose uptake via the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporter.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Therapeutics Center, Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals Malaysia, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Penang 11700, Malaysia. waikwan@ipharm.gov.my.
authors.forename: Wai Kwan
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. gbh-85@hotmail.com.|Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. gbh-85@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bey Hing
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. habsah@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Habsah Abdul
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.affiliation: Experimental Therapeutics Center, Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals Malaysia, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Penang 11700, Malaysia. alex@usm.my.|School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia. alex@usm.my.
authors.forename: Alexander Chong
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Shu-Chien
authors.affiliation: Experimental Therapeutics Center, Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals Malaysia, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Penang 11700, Malaysia. sifzizul@umt.edu.my.|Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia. sifzizul@umt.edu.my.
authors.forename: Tengku Sifzizul Tengku
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D005947:Glucose
keywords: GLUT4 translocation; PPARγ ligand; Swietenia macrophylla; glucose uptake