title: Accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonols in black currants (Ribes nigrum L.) by pre-harvest methyl jasmonate treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemical elicitation is one of the most effective methods currently used to enrich plant foods in bioactive compounds. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) has been described as a very useful elicitor of some plant compounds, polyphenols among them. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pre-harvest MJ application on the increase in the main flavonoids and the antioxidant properties of black currant (Ribes nigrum) cultivars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant enhancement of individual and total anthocyanins was measured after elicitation with MJ, particularly when a concentration of 0.2 mmol L(-1) was used. Total anthocyanins increased from 28288.74 ± 253.65 to 43561.08 ± 145.87 mg kg(-1) in Ben Hope black currants after elicitation with 0.2 mmol L(-1) MJ. Similarly, an increase from 35986.04 ± 287.98 to 41320.22 ± 109.38 mg kg(-1) was estimated in Ben Alder cultivar. Black currant flavonols were not individually affected by the treatment; however, total flavonols increased from 3115.21 ± 12.11 to 3268.41 ± 8.91 mg kg(-1) in Ben Hope and from 3016.38 ± 10.07 to 3110.95 ± 8.57 mg kg(-1) in Ben Alder. Antioxidant properties of black currants as measured by DPPH and ABTS assays improved proportionally to the increase in flavonoid content after MJ elicitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-harvest elicitation with MJ is proposed as a useful tool to enhance contents of anthocyanins and flavonols as well as free radical-scavenging activity of black currants. The functional black currants obtained here can be interesting for industry, for consumption as fresh fruits and for production of juice and jam. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ruiz Del Castillo
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044948:Flavonols / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031965:Ribes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000872:Anthocyanins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D044948:Flavonols; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C072239:methyl jasmonate
keywords: antioxidant activity; chemical elicitor; cultivars; enriched fruits; phenolics