title: Enhanced Bioavailability of EPA From Emulsified Fish Oil Preparations Versus Capsular Triacylglycerol.
abstract: For those individuals who are unable to consume adequate long chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn3) from dietary sources, fish oil supplementation is an attractive alternative Pre-emulsified fish oil supplements, an alternative to capsular triacylglycerol, may enhance the uptake of LCn3 fatty acids it contains. A randomized, Latin-square crossover design was used to compare the effects of four fish oil supplement preparations (Emulsions S, B and N) on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations in ten healthy volunteers compared to oil capsules over 48 h after a single dose and chylomicron fatty acid (CMFA) was evaluated over 8 h. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h and fatty acid concentrations of PLFA and CMFA were determined by gas chromatography and the integrated area under the curve over 40 h (iAUC0-48) was determined. Emulsion S and Emulsion N promoted increased uptake of EPA into PLFA over 48 h when evaluating by iAUC0-48 or individual time points of assessment. No differences were observed between supplements in the CMFA concentrations.
authors.affiliation: ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA. susan.raatz@ars.usda.gov.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA. susan.raatz@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Raatz
authors.affiliation: ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
authors.forename: LuAnn K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bukowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002214:Capsules; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D002914:Chylomicrons; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: Chylomicrons; Fish oil; Phospholipid fatty acids