title: Enhanced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell functions on cathodic arc plasma-treated titanium.
abstract: Surface modification of titanium for use in orthopedics has been explored for years; however, an ideal method of integrating titanium with native bone is still required to this day. Since human bone cells directly interact with nanostructured extracellular matrices, one of the most promising methods of improving titanium's osseointegration involves inducing bio-mimetic nanotopography to enhance cell-implant interaction. In this regard, we explored an approach to functionalize the surface of titanium by depositing a thin film of textured titanium nanoparticles via a cathodic arc discharge plasma. The aim is to improve human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and differentiation and to reduce deleterious effects of more complex surface modification methods. Surface functionalization was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle testing, and specific protein adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy examination demonstrate the deposition of titanium nanoparticles and the surface roughness change after coating. The specific fibronectin adsorption was enhanced on the modified titanium surface that associates with the improved hydrophilicity. MSC adhesion and proliferation were significantly promoted on the nanocoated surface. More importantly, compared to bare titanium, greater production of total protein, deposition of calcium mineral, and synthesis of alkaline phosphatase were observed from MSCs on nanocoated titanium after 21 days. The method described herein presents a promising alternative method for inducing more cell favorable nanosurface for improved orthopedic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teel
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Taisen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keidar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA ; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Lijie Grace
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D004566:Electrodes; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019096:Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D058626:Plasma Gases; D019096:Vitronectin; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium
keywords: mesenchymal stem cell; nanocoating; orthopedics; plasma; titanium