title: Anti-inflammatory effects of royal jelly on ethylene glycol induced renal inflammation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Royal Jelly were investigated by inducing renal inflammation in rats with the use of ethylene glycol. For this purpose, the calcium oxalate urolithiasis model was obtained by feeding rats with ethylene glycol in drinking water.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were divided in five study groups. The 1st group was determined as the control group. The rats in the 2nd group received ethylene glycol (1%) in drinking water. The rats in the 3rd group were daily fed with Royal Jelly by using oral gavage. The 4th group was determined as the preventive group and the rats were fed with ethylene glycol (1%) in drinking water while receiving Royal Jelly via oral gavage. The 5th group was determined as the therapeutic group and received ethylene glycol in drinking water during the first 2 weeks of the study and Royal Jelly via oral gavage during the last 2 weeks of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the study, proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-a, IL-1ß and IL-18 levels in blood and renal tissue samples from the rats used in the application were measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results have shown that ethylene glycol does induce inflammation and renal damage. This can cause the formation of reactive oxygen species. Royal Jelly is also considered to have anti-inflammatory effects due to its possible antiradical and antioxidative effects. It can have positive effects on both the prevention of urolithiasis and possible inflammation during the existing urolithiasis and support the medical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeyneb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Laçine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009393:Nephritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005227:Fatty Acids; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099219:Royal Jelly