title: Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides.
abstract: Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. G. filicina SP exhibited the strongest anti-AIV activity. These results revealed the variations in structural features and bioactivities among three SPs and indicated the potential adjuvants for immune-enhancement and anti-AIV.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China. lylinsong@hotmail.com.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. lylinsong@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China. chenxl@qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agriculture University, No.700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China. lxdau86@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agriculture University, No.700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China. tsygy@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fubo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China. wood9818@sina.com.
authors.forename: Linfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China. yueyang12@ucas.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. yueyang12@ucas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China. lkc@qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Kecheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China. pcli@qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D000459:Phaeophyceae; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012623:Seawater; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: anti-AIV; immune enhancement; marine macroalgae; structure features; sulfated polysaccharides