title: Analysis of advanced glycation end products in the DHS Mind Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human studies of links between advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and disease phenotypes are less common than studies of animal and cell models. Here, we examined the association of total AGEs with diabetes risk factors in a predominately type 2 diabetes (T2D) affected cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  AGEs were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay in 816 individuals from the DHS Mind Study (n=709 T2D affected), and association analyses were completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total AGEs were associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (p=0.0054; β=-0.1291) and coronary artery calcification (p=0.0352; β=1.1489) in the entire cohort. No significant associations were observed when individuals with T2D were analyzed separately. In individuals without T2D, increased circulating AGEs were associated with increased BMI (p=0.02, β=0.138), low density lipoproteins (p=0.046, β=17.07) and triglycerides (p=0.0004, β=0.125), and decreased carotid artery calcification (p=0.0004, β=-1.2632) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p=0.0018, β=-0.1405). Strong trends were also observed for an association between AGEs and poorer cognitive performance on the digit symbol substitution test (p=0.046, β=-6.64) and decreased grey matter volume (p=0.037, β=-14.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AGEs may play an important role in a number of phenotypes and diseases, although not necessarily in interindividual variation in people with T2D. Further evaluation of specific AGE molecules may shed more light on these relationships.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Martelle
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Raffield
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Langefeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Fang-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Radiologic Sciences and Advanced NeuroScience Imaging (ANSIR) Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maldjian
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hugenschmidt
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: J Jeffery
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.affiliation: Molecular Basis of Disease, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: dbowden@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bowden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced
keywords: Advanced glycation end products; Cardiovascular disease; Cognition; Grey matter volume; Neuroimaging; Type 2 diabetes