title: Bronchopleural fistula after lung ablation: Experience in two cases and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) complicating lung tumor ablation is rare but severe. The purpose of this article was to study its characteristics and treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two of 682 (0.3%) sessions of lung microwave ablation (MWA) were complicated with BPF and documented. Two electronic databases were searched for reported cases of BPF after lung tumor ablation. Case selection and data collection were done by 3 independent reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 56-year-old man and a 61-year-old woman developed BPF after MWA and died. Thirteen cases (mean age 63.8, 61.5% male) of BPF with adequate information were identified from 8 articles. Of the 13 cases, 5 (38.5%) had pulmonary co-morbidity, 3 (23.1%) had a history of pulmonary surgery, 7 (53.8%) had a target tumor adjacent or abutting pulmonary pleura, and 6 (46.2%) developed severe infections. After chest tube placement, pleurodesis, endoscopic therapy, surgery, and other treatments, 12 were cured and 1 died of BPF and pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPF is a rare but severe complication of lung ablation, and the management needs a multidisciplinary and individualized treatment strategy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D001983:Bronchial Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis