title: The urinary shedding of porcine teschovirus in endemic field situations.
abstract: Porcine teschoviruses (PTVs) belong to the genus Teschovirus within the family Picornaviridae. PTVs are universal contaminants in pig herds in endemic and multi-infection statuses. Previous research has demonstrated PTV antigens and nucleic acid in renal glomeruli and tubular epithelia, suggesting the possibility that PTVs might be shed and transmitted via urine. The study aimed to demonstrate, in the context of pathogenesis, the presence of PTVs in the urine of naturally infected pigs. Viral loads of fluid and tissue samples quantified by an established qRT-PCR showed detection rates of 100% by head and in urine, feces, plasma and nasal swabs, and 38% in kidney. As predicted, PTVs were present in urine at 10(4.02 ± 1.45) copies/100 μl volume, equivalent to 17% of that in plasma. No significant differences were observed between healthy and culled pigs or among the 7 sampled herds. The presence of PTVs in urine was further substantiated by molecular serotyping. In particular, PTV-10 was identified in the urine of 3 piglets from 3 separate herds, consistent with the most prevalent serotype found in this study, and in plasma. The urine mixes with feces to form slurry making it easier for PTV to spread and contaminate the environment.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Bestar Laboratories (S) Pte. Ltd. (Vaccine Research Center), Singapore.
authors.forename: Arthur Tung-Hsuan
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Research Institute, No. 376, Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Electronic address: fiwangvm@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Fun-In
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000662:veterinary*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D065288:Serogroup; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D052700:Teschovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load; D017201:Virus Shedding
keywords: Molecular serotyping; Nasal swab; Pathogenesis; Plasma; Porcine teschovirus; Urine; Viral load; qRT-PCR