title: Normative values for volume and fat content of the hip abductor muscles and their dependence on side, age and gender in a healthy population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine normative values for volume and fat content of the gluteus medius (GMed) and minimus (GMin) muscle in healthy volunteers and to evaluate their dependence on age, gender and leg dominance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IRB approval was obtained for this study. 80 healthy volunteers (females, 40; males, 40; age range 20-62 years), divided into four age groups, were included. Fat- and water-signal-separated MR images of the pelvis were acquired on a 3.0 T MR with a 3-point mDIXON sequence. Normalized volume and fat-signal fraction (FSF) of the GMed (ViGMed, FSFGMed) and GMin (ViGMin, FSFGMin) muscles were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mean volumes (normalized) and FSF ± SD: ViGMed 105.13 ± 16.30 cm(3); ViGMin 30.24 ± 5.15 cm(3); FSFGMed 8.13 ± 1.70 % and FSFGMin 9.89 ± 2.72 %. Comparing different age subgroups within each gender no significant differences were found concerning the volumes and FSFs (except FSFGMin in male subgroup aged 20-29 versus 50-62 years, P = 0.014). Comparing FSFs differences between the two genders, only in 20-29 years subgroup, FSFGMed (P =0.003) and FSFGMin (P =0.002) were greater in female. Volume differences between the two legs were not significant (P > 0.077); FSFGMed and FSFGMin (P =0.005 for both) were significantly lower in the dominant leg in female but not in male group (P = 0.454 for FSFGMed and P = 0.643 for FSFMin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No age dependency was evident for volume normative data for GMed and GMin and normative data for FSF values showed no age- or gender dependency.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. magda.marcon@usz.ch.|Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", P.le S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100, Udine, Italy. magda.marcon@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. nicole.berger@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. andrei.manoliu@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manoliu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. MichaelAlexander.Fischer@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. Daniel.Nanz@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nanz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. gustav@andreisek.de.
authors.forename: Gustav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andreisek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. Erika.Ulbrich@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Erika J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ulbrich
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006615:Hip / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: DIXON; Fatty infiltration; Hip muscles; MR; Normative values