title: Study of bone-like hydroxyapatite/polyamino acid composite materials for their biological properties and effects on the reconstruction of long bone defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone-like hydroxyapatite/polyamino acid (BHA/PAA) in the osteogenesis and reconstruction of long segmental bone defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro, MG63 cells were cultured with BHA/PAA. The osteoinductive activity of the BHA/PAA material was evaluated using inverted microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, MTT proliferation assay, and the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca(2+) content. In vivo, the radial bone defect was made in 20 New Zealand White rabbits, and then these animal were randomly divided into two groups (n=10), the experimental group (with BHA/PAA) and the control group (without BHA/PAA). Postoperatively, the osteogenesis effect of BHA/PAA was evaluated through X-ray, hematoxylin-eosin staining, observation of the gross bone specimen, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescent confocal scanning microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, BHA/PAA promoted the adhesion, growth, and calcium nodule formation of MG63 cells, and it had good osteogenesis activity. In vivo, with BHA/PAA material degradation and absorption, the new bone gradually formed, and the bone defect gradually recovered in the experimental group. In the control group, a limited bone formation was found at the bone broken ends, and the bone defect was obviously visible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro and in vivo, we confirmed that BHA/PAA was effective in inducing osteogenesis and reconstructing a long segmental bone defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City, Zunyi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dian-ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010027:Osteotomy; D011859:Radiography; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium
keywords: BHA/PAA; bone defect; osteogenesis induction; reconstruction