title: Long-term efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA and conventional treatment of poststroke arm spasticity: a prospective, non-interventional, open-label, parallel-group study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA with conventional antispastic therapy for poststroke arm spasticity in routine clinical practice over a 1-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, non-interventional, open-label, parallel-group study.
  
  
  METHODS
  47 centres in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with poststroke arm spasticity; 108 receiving incobotulinumtoxinA, 110 conventional therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional antispastic treatment including oral antispastic medications, physiotherapy and occupational therapy or 3-monthly incobotulinumtoxinA injections plus conventional therapy if required.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was changes in muscle tone (Ashworth Scale) over the 1-year treatment period. Changes in functional disability (Disability Assessment Scale) and quality of life (Short-Form-12 Health Survey) were additionally assessed. Ratings for therapy outcome (Goal Attainment Scale), and efficacy and tolerability of treatment (Global Clinical Impression Scale) were also obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle tone improved for all spasticity patterns with the Ashworth Scale responder rates between 63% and 86% (incobotulinumtoxinA) and 16-27% (conventional therapy). Median improvement in functional disability was -1.0 (incobotulinumtoxinA) and 0.0 (conventional measures) for all domains. Treatment goals were attained by 93% of incobotulinumtoxinA patients and 30% of patients under conventional therapy. Most physicians (93%) and patients (90%) rated efficacy as good or very good under incobotulinumtoxinA; the proportions were much lower under conventional therapy (36% and 37%). Tolerability under incobotulinumtoxinA was considered good or very good by 99% of physicians and patients (76% and 66%, respectively, under conventional therapy). Quality of life under incobotulinumtoxinA improved by 8.0 (physical score) and 10.8 (mental score) and by 0.8 and 5.7, respectively, under conventional therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IncobotulinumtoxinA combined with rehabilitation and oral medication produces a much more robust improvement in all aspects of arm spasticity than conventional antispastic treatment. Effects are stable over a period of 1 year, whereas adverse effects are negligible. IncobotulinumtoxinA should be considered the treatment of choice for poststroke arm spasticity.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dressler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Empirical Health Economics, Burscheid, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rychlik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Empirical Health Economics, Burscheid, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kreimendahl
authors.affiliation: Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schnur
authors.affiliation: Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lambert-Baumann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009132:Muscles; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA
keywords: botulinum toxins, type A; muscle spasticity; outcome assessments