title: Drug response in organoids generated from frozen primary tumor tissues.
abstract: Primary tumor organoids grown in three-dimensional culture provide an excellent platform for studying tumor progression, invasion, and drug response. However, organoid generation protocols require fresh tumor tissue, which limits organoid research and clinical use. This study investigates cellular morphology, viability, and drug response of organoids derived from frozen tissues. The results demonstrate that viable organoids can be grown from flash-frozen and thawed tissue and from bulk tissues slowly frozen in DMSO supplemented media. While the freezing process affects the basal metabolic rate of the cells, the optical metabolic imaging index correlates between organoids derived from fresh and frozen tissue and can be used to detect drug response of organoids grown from frozen tissues. The slow, DMSO frozen tissue yielded organoids with more accurate drug response than the flash frozen tissues, and thus bulk tissue should be preserved for subsequent organoid generation by slow freezing in DMSO supplemented media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt- Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt- Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology &Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1301 Medical Center Drive 4918-A TVC Building, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 USA.
authors.forename: Melinda E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt- Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Carlos L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA.|Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt- Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Melissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Skala
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009940:Organoids; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents