title: Vitiligo: Pathogenesis, clinical variants and treatment approaches.
abstract: Vitiligo is a common chronic acquired disease of pigmentation whose etiology is unknown, which usually occurs with asymptomatic whitish patch or macule. Although several hypotheses have been proposed in the literature, the leading theory is still the auto-immune etiology linked to specific genetic mutations. Vitiligo can also be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid diseases, alopecia areata, and halo nevi. Sensorineural hearing loss was reported in several vitiligo patients due to a reduction in the number of melanocytes contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. Because of its complexity, several therapeutic options are available to treat this systemic disease.
authors.affiliation: Organi di Senso Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giannicolaiannella@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Giannicola
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iannella
authors.affiliation: Organi di Senso Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: antonio.greco@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: First Dermatology Division, Institute Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (I.D.I.) - IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: dario.didona@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Didona
authors.affiliation: First Dermatology Division, Institute Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (I.D.I.) - IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: b.didona@idi.it.
authors.forename: Biagio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Didona
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: guido.granata@alice.it.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.affiliation: Organi di Senso Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: alessandramanno@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manno
authors.affiliation: Organi di Senso Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: benedetta.pasquariello@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pasquariello
authors.affiliation: Organi di Senso Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppemagliuloorl@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magliulo
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006311:Hearing Disorders; D006801:Humans; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000473:pathology; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Autoimmune diseases; Hearing loss; NB-UVB; Oxidative stress; Prednisolone; Vitiligo