title: Formation of PCDD/Fs in Oxidation of 2-Chlorophenol on Neat Silica Surface.
abstract: This contribution studies partial oxidation of 2-chlorophenol on surfaces of neat silica at temperatures of 250, 350, and 400 °C; i.e., temperatures that frequently lead to catalytic formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from their precursors. We have identified 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCPh), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCPh), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TriCPh), but have detected no chlorinated benzenes (CBzs). The detected chlorinated and nonchlorinated DD/Fs comprise dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD), 1- and 2-monochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1-, 2-MCDD), 1,6-, 1,9-, 1,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,6-, 1,9-, 1,3-DCDD), 4-monochlorodibenzofuran (4-MCDF), and 4,6-dichlorodibenzofuran (4,6-DCDF) at the reaction temperatures of 350 and 400 °C. However, at a lower reaction temperature, 250 °C, we have detected no PCDD/Fs. We have demonstrated that neat silica surfaces catalyze the generation of PCDD/Fs from chlorophenols at the upper range of the catalytic formation temperature of PCDD/F. The present finding proves the generation of PCDD/Fs on particles of fly ash, even in the absence of transition metals.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Seyedehsara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mosallanejad
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , Murdoch, Washington 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Bogdan Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Dlugogorski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stockenhuber
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.
authors.forename: Slawomir M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lomnicki
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , Murdoch, Washington 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Niveen W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Assaf
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , Murdoch, Washington 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammednoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altarawneh
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry*; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D060729:Coal Ash; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D054879:Halogenation; D017745:Incineration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D002733:Chlorophenols; D060729:Coal Ash; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins; D010636:Phenols; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C030683:2-chlorophenol