title: Evaluation of bond strength in single-cone fillings of canals with different cross-sections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of root canal cross-sectional shape on single-cone root filling bond strength, as well as to determine the percentage of gutta-percha-filled areas (PGFA) and sealer-filled areas (PSFA), establishing a relationship between these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Distal roots of mandibular molars were selected using microcomputed tomography imaging and allocated into three groups (n = 10) according to canal shape: round, oval and long oval. The canals were prepared with an R40 reciprocating instrument and filled with matching single-cone gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. Two 1-mm-thick dentine slices were obtained from each third of each root. PGFA and PSFA were calculated in digital images (x25 magnification) of each slice. Next, the slices were subjected to a push-out test and the failure modes (adhesive, cohesive or mixed) were assessed. Data were analysed using parametric tests (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the coronal (2.17 ± 0.56MPa) and middle thirds (1.78 ± 0.45MPa), the round canals were associated with higher bond strength values (P < 0.01), with no difference between the groups for the apical third (P > 0.05). Adhesive and mixed failures predominated in round canals, whilst cohesive failures were more frequent in oval and long oval canals. Round canals had significantly higher PGFA and lower PSFA than all other groups (P = 0.000). The PGFA and PSFA had a positive (r = 0.521, P = 0.000) and a negative (r = -0.523, P = 0.000) correlation with bond strength, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bond strength values of gutta-percha and sealer were affected by canal shape. Higher percentage of gutta-percha-filled area resulted in higher bond strength to dentine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brito-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estrela
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: de Sousa-Neto
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000592:standards; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha
keywords: bond strength; root canal anatomy; root canal filling; single-cone obturation