title: Heartbeat OCT: in vivo intravascular megahertz-optical coherence tomography.
abstract: Cardiac motion artifacts, non-uniform rotational distortion and undersampling affect the image quality and the diagnostic impact of intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT). In this study we demonstrate how these limitations of IV-OCT can be addressed by using an imaging system that we called "Heartbeat OCT", combining a fast Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser, fast pullback, and a micromotor actuated catheter, designed to examine a coronary vessel in less than one cardiac cycle. We acquired in vivo data sets of two coronary arteries in a porcine heart with both Heartbeat OCT, working at 2.88 MHz A-line rate, 4000 frames/s and 100 mm/s pullback speed, and with a commercial system. The in vivo results show that Heartbeat OCT provides faithfully rendered, motion-artifact free, fully sampled vessel wall architecture, unlike the conventional IV-OCT data. We present the Heartbeat OCT system in full technical detail and discuss the steps needed for clinical translation of the technology.
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands ; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Tianshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, München 80538, Germany ; Institut für Biomedizinische Optik, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck Germany ; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regar
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, München 80538, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wieser
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Beusekom
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lancee
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Springeling
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krabbendam
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands ; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, China ; Department of Imaging science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Postbus 5, Delft 2600 AA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antonius F W
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van der Steen
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, München 80538, Germany ; Institut für Biomedizinische Optik, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Soest
keywords: (110.2350) Fiber optics imaging; (110.6880) Three-dimensional image acquisition; (120.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (120.5800) Scanners; (170.2150) Endoscopic imaging; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.4500) Optical coherence tomography