title: Bidirectional neural interface: Closed-loop feedback control for hybrid neural systems.
abstract: Closed-loop neural prostheses enable bidirectional communication between the biological and artificial components of a hybrid system. However, a major challenge in this field is the limited understanding of how these components, the two separate neural networks, interact with each other. In this paper, we propose an in vitro model of a closed-loop system that allows for easy experimental testing and modification of both biological and artificial network parameters. The interface closes the system loop in real time by stimulating each network based on recorded activity of the other network, within preset parameters. As a proof of concept we demonstrate that the bidirectional interface is able to establish and control network properties, such as synchrony, in a hybrid system of two neural networks more significantly more effectively than the same system without the interface or with unidirectional alternatives. This success holds promise for the application of closed-loop systems in neural prostheses, brain-machine interfaces, and drug testing.
authors.forename: Zane
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bugbee
authors.forename: Frédéric  D
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Broccard
authors.forename: Massoud L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Khraiche
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cauwenberghs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008839:Microelectrodes; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D012984:Software