title: Soluble SEMA4D/CD100: A novel immunoregulator in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
abstract: SEMA4D/CD100 is a homodimeric protein belonging to the semaphorin family of axonal guidance proteins. Semaphorin family members have received increased attention lately due to their diverse functions in the immune system. SEMA4D was the first semaphorin described to have immune functions and serves important roles in T cell priming, antibody production, and cell-to-cell adhesion. Proteolytic cleavage of SEMA4D from the cell surface gives rise to a soluble fragment of SEMA4D (sSEMA4D). Similar to the transmembranal form, sSEMA4D is thought to have immunoregulatory properties. While the exact mechanisms responsible for SEMA4D shedding remain to be elucidated, emerging data have revealed associations between elevated systemic sSEMA4D levels and severity of infectious and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the literature concerning sSEMA4D and discusses its potential as a novel prognostic immune-biomarker and potential target for immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kimia T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Maleki
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cornillet
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: niklas.bjorkstrom@ki.se.
authors.forename: Niklas K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Björkström
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology*; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C093224:CD100 antigen; D039961:Semaphorins
keywords: Autoimmunity; Biomarker; CD100/SEMA4D; Immunoregulator; Immunotherapy; Soluble CD100/soluble SEMA4D