title: Union operation image processing of data cubes separately processed by different objective filters and its application to void analysis in an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery.
abstract: In this article, we propose a smart image-analysis method suitable for extracting target features with hierarchical dimension from original data. The method was applied to three-dimensional volume data of an all-solid lithium-ion battery obtained by the automated sequential sample milling and imaging process using a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope to investigate the spatial configuration of voids inside the battery. To automatically fully extract the shape and location of the voids, three types of filters were consecutively applied: a median blur filter to extract relatively larger voids, a morphological opening operation filter for small dot-shaped voids and a morphological closing operation filter for small voids with concave contrasts. Three data cubes separately processed by the above-mentioned filters were integrated by a union operation to the final unified volume data, which confirmed the correct extraction of the voids over the entire dimension contained in the original data.
authors.affiliation: High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 484-8603, Japan y.yamamoto@esi.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Physics, and Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 484-8603, Japan JST-ALCA, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iriyama
authors.affiliation: High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 484-8603, Japan Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muto
keywords: Avizo fire; all-solid-state lithium-ion battery; data-cube analysis; image analysis; union operation; void analysis