title: Prospective randomized comparison of transumbilical two-port laparoscopic and conventional laparoscopic varicocele ligation.
abstract: We have established a novel method named transumbilical two-port laparoscopic varicocele ligation (TTLVL) for varicocele, which is still needed to evaluate. In this study, 90 patients with left idiopathic symptomatic varicoceles of grades II-III according to the Dubin grading system were randomly assigned to TTLVL (n = 45) and conventional laparoscopic varicocele ligation (CLVL) (n = 45). The demographic, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data were recorded and compared between the two groups. All the procedures in the two groups were completed successfully with no intraoperative complications and no conversions to open surgery. No significant difference was found in the operative time, resuming ambulation, bowel recovery, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative resolution of scrotal pain between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the postoperative mean visual analog pain scale scores for TTLVL group were all less at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days postoperatively compared to CLVL (P = 0.001, 0.010, 0.006, and 0.027, respectively). The mean patient scar assessment questionnaire score in postoperative month 3 was 29.7 for TTLVL group compared with 32.1 for CLVL group (P < 0.001). There was no testicular atrophy observed in both groups during the follow-up period. The study shows that TTLVL is a safe, feasible, and effective minimally invasive surgical alternative to CLVL for the treatment of varicocele. Compared with CLVL, TTLVL may decrease postoperative pain and improve the cosmetic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-Xi
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Da-Zhi
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ri-Hai
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Quan-Liang
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fo-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui-Quan
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun-Lin
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002921:Cicatrix; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014472:Umbilicus; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult