title: A diarrheic chicken simultaneously co-infected with multiple picornaviruses: Complete genome analysis of avian picornaviruses representing up to six genera.
abstract: In this study all currently known chicken picornaviruses including a novel one (chicken phacovirus 1, KT880670) were identified by viral metagenomic and RT-PCR methods from a single specimen of a diarrheic chicken suffering from a total of eight picornavirus co-infections, in Hungary. The complete genomes of six picornaviruses were determined and their genomic and phylogenetic characteristics and UTR RNA structural models analyzed in details. Picornaviruses belonged to genera Sicinivirus (the first complete genome), Gallivirus, Tremovirus, Avisivirus and "Orivirus" (two potential genotypes). In addition, the unassigned phacoviruses were also detected in multiple samples of chickens in the USA. Multiple co-infections promote and facilitate the recombination and evolution of picornaviruses and eventually could contribute to the severity of the diarrhea in chicken, in one of the most important food sources of humans.
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary and University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Boros
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary and University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pankovics
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary and University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Adonyi
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary and University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Hajnalka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fenyvesi
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA, USA.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tung Gia
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delwart
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary and University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. Electronic address: reuter.gabor@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reuter
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D060085:Coinfection / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010802:Phylogeny; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Bird; Chicken; Co-infection; Diarrhea; Metagenome; Picornavirus; Poultry; UTR