title: A Systematic Review of Recall Regimen and Maintenance Regimen of Patients with Dental Restorations. Part 2: Implant-Borne Restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the current scientific evidence on patient recall and maintenance of implant-supported restorations, to standardize patient care regimens and improve maintenance of oral health. An additional purpose was to examine areas of deficiency in the current scientific literature and provide recommendations for future studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic search for articles in the English language literature from the past 10 years was performed independently by multiple investigators using a systematic search process. After application of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final list of articles was reviewed to meet the objectives of this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial electronic search resulted in 2816 titles. The systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 14 articles that satisfied the study objectives. An additional 6 articles were added through a supplemental search process for a total of 20 studies. Of these, 11 were randomized controlled clinical trials, and 9 were observational studies. The majority of the studies (15 out of 20) were conducted in the past 5 years and most studies were conducted in Europe (15), followed by Asia (2), South America (1), the United States (1), and the Middle East (1). Results from the qualitative data on a combined 1088 patients indicated that outcome improvements in recall and maintenance regimen were related to (1) patient/treatment characteristic (type of prosthesis, type of prosthetic components, and type of restorative materials); (2) specific oral topical agents or oral hygiene aids (electric toothbrush, interdental brush, chlorhexidine, triclosan, water flossers) and (3) professional intervention (oral hygiene maintenance, and maintenance of the prosthesis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is minimal evidence related to recall regimens in patients with implant-borne removable and fixed restorations; however, a considerable body of evidence indicates that patients with implant-borne removable and fixed restorations require lifelong professional recall regimens to provide biological and mechanical maintenance, customized for each patient. Current evidence also demonstrates that the use of specific oral topical agents and oral hygiene aids can improve professional and at-home maintenance of implant-borne restorations. There is evidence to demonstrate differences in mechanical and biological maintenance needs due to differences in prosthetic materials and designs. Deficiencies in existing evidence compel the forethought of creating clinical practice guidelines for recall and maintenance of patients with implant-borne dental restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
authors.forename: Avinash S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bidra
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Daubert
authors.affiliation: Office of the Dean, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA.
authors.forename: Lily T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: L.M. Stowe Library, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
authors.forename: Marissa F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kosinski
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Conrad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nenn
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Franklin, WI.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Private Practice Hygienist, Regeneration Research, Missoula, MT.
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wingrove
authors.affiliation: American College of Prosthodontists and ACP Education Foundation, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Nancy Deal
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D003729:Dental Care; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Patient recall; implant-borne; maintenance; restorations