title: The roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia (Review).
abstract: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the accumulation of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) myeloid cells. Ph+ cells occur via a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 resulting in constitutively active BCR-ABL fusion protein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used against the kinase activity of BCR-ABL protein for the effective treatment of CML. However, the development of drug resistance, caused by different genetic mechanisms, is the major issue in the clinical application of TKIs. These mechanisms include changes in expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short non-coding regulatory RNAs that control gene expression and play an important role in cancer development and progression. In the present review, we highlight the roles of miRNAs both in the progression and chemotherapy-resistance of CML. Our understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the use of this knowledge not only in the treatment of patients with CML, but also in other type of cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, 'Tor Vergata' University, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, I-00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mirone
authors.affiliation: Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.affiliation: Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marfe
mesh_terms: D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs