title: Mutanome directed cancer immunotherapy.
abstract: Somatic mutations are important drivers of cancer development. Accumulating evidence suggests that a significant subset of mutations result in neo-epitopes recognized by autologous T cells and thus may constitute the Achilles' heel of tumor cells. T cells directed against mutations have been shown to have a key role in clinical efficacy of potent cancer immunotherapy modalities, such as adoptive transfer of autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Whereas these findings strengthen the idea of a prominent role of neo-epitopes in tumor rejection, the systematic therapeutic exploitation of mutations was hampered until recently by the uniqueness of the repertoire of mutations ('the mutanome') in every patient's tumor. This review highlights insights into immune recognition of neo-epitopes and novel concepts for comprehensive identification and immunotherapeutic exploitation of individual mutations.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Langenbeckstr. 1, Building 708, Mainz 55131, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vormehr
authors.affiliation: TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diken
authors.affiliation: TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boegel
authors.affiliation: TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreiter
authors.affiliation: TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Türeci
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Langenbeckstr. 1, Building 708, Mainz 55131, Germany; TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: sahin@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sahin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009154:Mutation / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm