title: Mechanical Milling Assisted Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of High Capacity LiFeBO3 for Lithium Batteries.
abstract: Borate chemistry offers attractive features for iron based polyanionic compounds. For battery applications, lithium iron borate has been proposed as cathode material because it has the lightest polyanionic framework that offers a high theoretical capacity. Moreover, it shows promising characteristics with an element combination that is favorable in terms of sustainability, toxicity, and costs. However, the system is also associated with a challenging chemistry, which is the major reason for the slow progress in its further development as a battery material. The two major challenges in the synthesis of LiFeBO3 are in obtaining phase purity and high electrochemical activity. Herein, we report a facile and scalable synthesis strategy for highly pure and electrochemically active LiFeBO3 by circumventing stability issues related to Fe(2+) oxidation state by the right choice of the precursor and experimental conditions. Additionally, we carried out a Mössbauer spectroscopic study of electrochemical charged and charged-discharged LiFeBO3 and reported a lithium diffusion coefficient of 5.56 × 10(-14) cm(2) s(-1) for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Musa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cambaz
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anji Reddy
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Vinayan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiaoke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.|Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Venkata Sai Kiran
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Chakravadhanula
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.|Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kübel
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.|Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fichtner
keywords: LiFeBO3; Mössbauer study; cathode; lithium batteries; lithium diffusion coefficient; polyanion