title: Fat, sugar and water intakes among families from the IDEFICS intervention and control groups: first observations from I.Family.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this paper is to investigate differences in diets of families in intervention versus control communities 5 years after the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants intervention ended.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, 4,691 families from the I.Family study with at least one participating parent and one child are included in this analysis. Diet quality indicators, defined as propensities to consume fat, sugar, water and fruit and vegetables, are calculated from a 59-item food frequency questionnaire. Multilevel linear models with random intercepts for study centre are used to determine whether mean diet indicators, calculated at the family level, differed as a function of previous exposure to the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Families in the intervention communities reported a significantly lower sugar propensity (19.8% vs. 20.7% of total food items, p < 0.01) and a higher water propensity (47.3% vs. 46.0% of total beverages, p < 0.05) compared with families in the control communities, while fat and fruit and vegetables propensities were similar. No significant diet differences between intervention and control children were present at the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result indicates better diet quality in intervention families, which was not present in children when their diets were assessed before the intervention, and gives some cause for optimism regarding the sustainability of some aspects of the diet intervention.
authors.affiliation: Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arvidsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: L-H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Bogl
authors.affiliation: Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eiben
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hebestreit
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tornaritis
authors.affiliation: GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development) research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology & Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siani
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Veidebaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Henauw
authors.affiliation: Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lissner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D004326:Drinking; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015397:Program Evaluation; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: Diet intervention; I.Family study; IDEFICS study; family diet