title: Ultrasound evaluation of internal jugular valve incompetence (IJVI) in Egyptian patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a clinical syndrome with no identified causative factor. Internal jugular valve incompetence (IJVI) has been linked to many neurological disorders such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), transient global amnesia and cough-induced headache. Intact valves prevent efficiently retrograde flow into the internal jugular vein.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the competence of the jugular vein valves and its relationship to age, BMI, opening CSF pressure and MRV findings in IIH patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five Egyptian female patients diagnosed with IIH according to the modified Dandy criteria, and 24 female controls, matched for age and BMI, were included and examined using color-coded duplex for IJVI during the Valsalva maneuver. The patients underwent lumbar puncture to measure the opening pressure, MRV, ophthalmic examination and laboratory work-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of IJVI among the patients and controls (P=0.7). There was a statistically significant increase in the opening pressure and proportion of MRV abnormalities in the patients with IJVI compared to the patients without IJVI (P=0.03 and 0.007, respectively), but there were no statistically significant difference with regard to age, BMI, grade of papilledema and perimetry findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that there is no relationship between IJVI and IIH; thus, IJVI would be a rather normal finding. Further studies are recommended to confirm or rule out a possible relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ibtessam M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Fahmy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Abokrysha
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Egypt; Cairo University Neurosonology Unit (CUNU), Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Haidy M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El-Shebawy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010211:Papilledema / Q000150:complications*; D011559:Pseudotumor Cerebri / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Color coded duplex; Idiopathic intracranial hypertension; Internal jugular valve incompetence