title: In Vitro Assessment of Electric Currents Increasing the Effectiveness of Vancomycin Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms.
abstract: Biofilms are communities of bacteria that can cause infections which are resistant to the immune system and antimicrobial treatments, posing a significant threat for patients with implantable and indwelling medical devices. The purpose of our research was to determine if utilizing specific parameters for electric currents in conjunction with antibiotics could effectively treat a highly resistant biofilm. Our study evaluated the impact of 16 μg/mL of vancomycin with or without 22 or 333 μA of direct electric current (DC) generated by stainless steel electrodes against 24-, 48-, and 72-h-old Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms formed on titanium coupons. An increase in effectiveness of vancomycin was observed with the combination of 333 μA of electric current against 48-h-old biofilms (P value = 0.01) as well as in combination with 22 μA of electric current against 72-h-old biofilms (P value = 0.04); 333 μA of electric current showed the most significant impact on the effectiveness of vancomycin against S. epidermidis biofilms demonstrating a bioelectric effect previously not observed against this strain of bacteria.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.|University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.|Medical Devices Innovation Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Thien-Fah
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.|University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.|Medical Devices Innovation Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Tofy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mussivand
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin
keywords: Antibiotics; Bioelectric effect; Biofilms; Electric currents; Medical devices