title: High intensity focused ultrasound as a tool for tissue engineering: Application to cartilage.
abstract: This article promotes the use of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) as a tool for affecting the local properties of tissue engineered constructs in vitro. HIFU is a low cost, non-invasive technique used for eliciting focal thermal elevations at variable depths within tissues. HIFU can be used to denature proteins within constructs, leading to decreased permeability and potentially increased local stiffness. Adverse cell viability effects remain restricted to the affected area. The methods described in this article are explored through the scope of articular cartilage tissue engineering and the fabrication of osteochondral constructs, but may be applied to the engineering of a variety of different tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: abn2106@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nover
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: yh2367@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Gary Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: yh2583@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: sw2735@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Shutao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Electronic address: g.oconnell@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Grace D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 242 S. W. Mudd, 500 West 120th Street, Mail Code: 4703, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: ateshian@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ateshian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, P&S Box 28, New York, NY 10032, USA . Electronic address: ek2191@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Elisa E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Konofagou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: cth6@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Clark T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology*; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
keywords: Articular cartilage; High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU); Osteochondral grafts; Tissue engineering