title: Early diagnosis of lymph node metastasis: Importance of intranodal pressures.
abstract: Regional lymph node status is an important prognostic indicator of tumor aggressiveness. However, early diagnosis of metastasis using intranodal pressure, at a stage when lymph node size has not changed significantly, has not been investigated. Here, we use an MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mouse model of lymph node metastasis to show that intranodal pressure increases in both the subiliac lymph node and proper axillary lymph node, which are connected by lymphatic vessels, when tumor cells are injected into the subiliac lymph node to induce metastasis to the proper axillary lymph node. We found that intranodal pressure in the subiliac lymph node increased at the stage when metastasis was detected by in vivo bioluminescence, but when proper axillary lymph node volume (measured by high-frequency ultrasound imaging) had not increased significantly. Intravenously injected liposomes, encapsulating indocyanine green, were detected in solid tumors by in vivo bioluminescence, but not in the proper axillary lymph node. Basic blood vessel and lymphatic channel structures were maintained in the proper axillary lymph node, although sinus histiocytosis was detected. These results show that intranodal pressure in the proper axillary lymph node increases at early stages when metastatic tumor cells have not fully proliferated. Intranodal pressure may be a useful parameter for facilitating early diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikada
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001365:Axilla; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D061848:Optical Imaging; D011312:Pressure; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
keywords: EPR effect; Early diagnosis; intranodal pressure; lymph node metastasis; lymphatic network; mouse model of metastasis