title: T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity and damage on TM3 Leydig cells.
abstract: T-2 toxin is a highly toxic mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species, mainly, Fusarium sporotrichoides, and has been reported to have toxic effects on reproductive system of adult male animals. This study investigated the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin on reproductive cells using TM3 Leydig cells. Specifically, the cytotoxic effect of T-2 toxin was assessed by measuring cell viability; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); malondialdehyde (MDA); antioxidant activity by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and DNA damage; and cell apoptosis. Results showed that T-2 toxin is highly cytotoxic on TM3 Leydig cells. However, Trolox-treated TM3 Leydig cells showed significantly reduced oxidative damage, DNA damage, and apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin. This study proves that T-2 toxin can damage the testes and thus affects the reproductive capacity of animals and humans. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the cytotoxic effect of T-2 toxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Management, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines.
authors.forename: Froilan Bernard
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Matias
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin-e
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China. Electronic address: wu23jing@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002839:Chromans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; DNA damage; Oxidative stress; T-2 toxin; TM3 Leydig cells