title: Role of Chlorogenic Acids in Controlling Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress Conditions.
abstract: Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are esters formed between caffeic and quinic acids, and represent an abundant group of plant polyphenols present in the human diet. CGAs have different subgroups that include caffeoylquinic, p-coumaroylquinic, and feruloyquinic acids. Results of epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of beverages such as coffee, tea, wine, different herbal infusions, and also some fruit juices is linked to reduced risks of developing different chronic diseases. These beverages contain CGAs present in different concentrations and isomeric mixtures. The underlying mechanism(s) for specific health benefits attributed to CGAs involves mitigating oxidative stress, and hence the related adverse effects associated with an unbalanced intracellular redox state. There is also evidence to show that CGAs exhibit anti-inflammatory activities by modulating a number of important metabolic pathways. This review will focus on three specific aspects of the relevance of CGAs in coffee beverages; namely: (1) the relative composition of different CGA isomers present in coffee beverages; (2) analysis of in vitro and in vivo evidence that CGAs and individual isomers can mitigate oxidative and inflammatory stresses; and (3) description of the molecular mechanisms that have a key role in the cell signaling activity that underlines important functions.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Food, Nutrition and Health, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T-1Z4, Canada. ningjian.liang@alumni.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Ningjian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Food, Nutrition and Health, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T-1Z4, Canada. david.kitts@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kitts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003069:Coffee; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid
keywords: anti-inflammation; antioxidant activity; chlorogenic acid isomers; coffee; inflammatory stress; oxidative stress