title: Sonographic findings of immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing sialadenitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the sonographic findings of immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing sialadenitis (IgG4-SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with IgG4-SS and 12 healthy volunteers (controls) were enrolled. The following sonographic features were evaluated: (1) enlargement of the submandibular gland by measurement of the longitudinal diameter and thickness; (2) the contour texture of the submandibular gland (smooth or rough); (3) the internal echo texture, categorized into three sonographic patterns (homogeneous, multiple hypoechoic nodule, and diffuse hypoechoic); and (4) quantitative color Doppler signaling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The longitudinal diameter and the thickness (mean ± SD) of the submandibular gland were significantly greater in patients than in controls (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Contour roughness was seen in 62.9 and 8.3 % of patients and controls (p < 0.001), respectively. Homogeneous echo textures alone were seen in controls, whereas multiple hypoechoic nodule patterns were seen in 60 % of the patients, and diffuse hypoechoic patterns were seen in 40 %. Color Doppler signaling (mean ± SD) was significantly higher in patients as compared with controls (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients could be distinguished from healthy volunteers using four distinctive sonographic findings, suggesting that ultrasonography would be a useful diagnostic tool for IgG4-SS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan. satomi_omote@yahoo.co.jp.|Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan. satomi_omote@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omotehara
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.|Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.|Department of Radiological Technology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.|Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.|Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.|Department of Radiological Technology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012793:Sialadenitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Diagnosis; Doppler signaling; Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing sialadenitis; Submandibular gland; Ultrasonography