title: Inter-comparison of dynamic models for radionuclide transfer to marine biota in a Fukushima accident scenario.
abstract: We report an inter-comparison of eight models designed to predict the radiological exposure of radionuclides in marine biota. The models were required to simulate dynamically the uptake and turnover of radionuclides by marine organisms. Model predictions of radionuclide uptake and turnover using kinetic calculations based on biological half-life (TB1/2) and/or more complex metabolic modelling approaches were used to predict activity concentrations and, consequently, dose rates of (90)Sr, (131)I and (137)Cs to fish, crustaceans, macroalgae and molluscs under circumstances where the water concentrations are changing with time. For comparison, the ERICA Tool, a model commonly used in environmental assessment, and which uses equilibrium concentration ratios, was also used. As input to the models we used hydrodynamic forecasts of water and sediment activity concentrations using a simulated scenario reflecting the Fukushima accident releases. Although model variability is important, the intercomparison gives logical results, in that the dynamic models predict consistently a pattern of delayed rise of activity concentration in biota and slow decline instead of the instantaneous equilibrium with the activity concentration in seawater predicted by the ERICA Tool. The differences between ERICA and the dynamic models increase the shorter the TB1/2 becomes; however, there is significant variability between models, underpinned by parameter and methodological differences between them. The need to validate the dynamic models used in this intercomparison has been highlighted, particularly in regards to optimisation of the model biokinetic parameters.
authors.affiliation: Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium. Electronic address: jordi.vives.i.batlle@sckcen.be.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vives I Batlle
authors.affiliation: NERC - Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.affiliation: Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beaugelin-Seiller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bezhenar
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, P.O. Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ćujić
authors.affiliation: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dragović
authors.affiliation: Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duffa
authors.affiliation: Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fiévet
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, P.O. Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamboj
authors.affiliation: KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: D-K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.affiliation: Research and Production Association "Typhoon", 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kryshev
authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: LePoire
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maderich
authors.affiliation: KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: B-I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Aplicada I, University of Seville, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Periáñez
authors.affiliation: Research and Production Association "Typhoon", 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sazykina
authors.affiliation: KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K-S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: NRG, Utrechtseweg 310, 6800 ES Arnhem, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D003445:Crustacea / Q000378:metabolism; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D008974:Mollusca / Q000378:metabolism; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000378:metabolism; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive
keywords: Dose rate; Dynamic model; Fukushima; MODARIA; Marine biota; Radionuclide transfer