title: Relationship between Calcium Stone Disease and Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: We aimed to investigate relationship between metabolic syndrome and calcium-oxalate stone formation.
  
  
  
  Between January 2008 and February 2015 we retrospectively investigated biochemical parameters and anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and waist circumference) of 198 patients who had calcium-oxalate stones and we also randomly selected 200 participants who had no history of urolithiasis as the controls.
  
  
  
  The presence of obesity increased the risk of calcium stones in both men (P = .003, OR = 2.92) and women (P = .03, OR = 2.18). Diabetes was significantly correlated to the risk of calcium stones (P = .04, OR = 1.94). However, when calculated separately for men and women, diabetic men had a higher risk of calcium-oxalate stone disease (P = .04, OR = 2.59), but diabetic women did not (P > .05). Hypertension also significantly increased the risk of calcium stones when compared with normotensive individuals (P = .0001, OR = 3.03).
  
  
  
  The risk for the development of calcium-oxalate stone disease is most significantly associated with the patient's body mass index and the presence of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. dremrecan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emre Can
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman Sami
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otunctemur
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate