title: Volumetric Evaluation of the Mammary Gland and Pectoralis Major Muscle following Subglandular and Submuscular Breast Augmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Besides being a procedure with high level of patient satisfaction, one of the main causes for reoperation after breast augmentation is related to contour deformities and changes in breast volume. Few objective data are available on postoperative volumetric analysis following breast augmentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate volume changes in the breast parenchyma and pectoralis major muscle after breast augmentation with the placement of silicone implants in the subglandular and submuscular planes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight women were randomly allocated either to the subglandular group (n = 24) or submuscular group (n = 24) and underwent breast augmentation in the subglandular or submuscular plane, respectively, or to a control group (n = 10) and received no intervention. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging was performed at inclusion in all participants and either after 6 and 12 months in the control group or at 6 and 12 months after surgery in the intervention groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve months after breast augmentation, only the subglandular group had a significant reduction in glandular volume (mean, 22.8 percent), while patients in the submuscular group were the only ones showing significant reduction in muscle volume (mean, 49.80 percent).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atrophy of the breast parenchyma occurred after subglandular breast augmentation, but not following submuscular breast augmentation. In contrast, submuscular breast augmentation caused atrophy of the pectoralis major muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, II.
authors.affiliation: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, and the Graduate Program in Physiopathology and Surgical Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Rio de Janeiro State University; and the Breast Division, Rio Imagem Center for Diagnostic Imaging of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Weck Roxo
authors.forename: Fabio Xerfan
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.forename: Renan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salin
authors.forename: Claudio Cardoso
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Jose Horacio
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Aboudib
authors.forename: Ruy Garcia
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla / Q000601:surgery; D001938:Brazil; D018427:Breast Implants; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057910:Implant Capsular Contracture / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult