title: A comparative study of effects of glycopyrrolate and ondansetron on nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nausea and vomiting causes distress to patients and increases surgical complications. Though various antiemetics are available, their effectiveness and fetal safety profile when used in parturient remains debatable. This randomized, double-blind, comparative study was designed with an aim to compare the antiemetic effects of ondansetron and glycopyrrolate during cesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six parturients (American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I-II) scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomized to receive intravenous ondansetron 4 mg (Group O, n = 32) or glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg (Group G, n = 31) before spinal anesthesia. Outcome measures studied were emesis, episodes of hypotension and bradycardia and pain, till 10 h postoperative. Statistical software used was Epi Info 7 and Microsoft Excel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in nausea and vomiting at all the study intervals between the two groups statistically. There was no difference in episodes of hypotension, but episodes of bradycardia were significantly less in glycopyrrolate group (26%) than in ondansetron group (56%) (P = 0.027). There was no difference in additional analgesic requirements. However, the incidence of dry mouth was significantly greater in glycopyrrolate group (21 [68%]) as compared to ondansetron group (5 [16%]) (P = 0.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effect of glycopyrrolate on nausea and vomiting during cesarean section are comparable to ondansetron, but with an increased incidence of dry mouth. Glycopyrrolate has no effect on hypotension or additional analgesic requirements, but the incidence of bradycardia is significantly less.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Santosh Medical and Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ragi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Santosh Medical and Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Cesarean section; glycopyrrolate; nausea; ondansetron; vomiting