title: Innate Immunity: Orchestrating Inflammation and Resolution of Otitis Media.
abstract: Otitis media (OM) is a common disease in young children, accounting for more office visits and surgeries than any other pediatric condition. It is associated with an estimated cost of five billion dollars annually in the USA. Moreover, chronic and recurrent middle ear (ME) disease leads to hearing loss during critical periods of language acquisition and learning leading to delays in reaching developmental milestones and risking permanent damage to the ME and inner ear in severe cases. Therefore, research to understand the disease pathogenesis and identify new therapeutics is important. Although OM is a multifactorial disease, targeting the molecular mechanisms that drive inflammation and OM resolution is critical. In this review, we discuss the current evidence suggesting that innate immune receptors and effectors play key roles in OM by mediating both the ME inflammatory responses and recovery.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive-MC#0666, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA. akurabi@ucsd.edu.|Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 Villa La Jolla Drive-MC#151, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. akurabi@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Arwa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurabi
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive-MC#0666, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA. kpak@ucsd.edu.|Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 Villa La Jolla Drive-MC#151, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. kpak@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Kwang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive-MC#0666, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA. afryan@ucsd.edu.|Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 Villa La Jolla Drive-MC#151, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. afryan@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Allen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine-Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Division, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive-MC#0628, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0628, USA. swasserman@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Wasserman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: IL-1ß; Inflammasome; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Middle ear; TLR