title: Facile synthesis of graphene nano zero-valent iron composites and their efficient removal of trichloronitromethane from drinking water.
abstract: Halonitromethanes (HNMs), as an emerging class of disinfection by-products containing nitrogen (N-DBPs) in drinking water, have possessed public health concerns. Two most studied materials, graphene and nanometer-sized zero-valent iron, have been successfully combined into binary nanocomposites (G-nZVI) via facile carbonization and calcinations of glucose and ferric chloride, which was used in the removal of HNMs from drinking water in this study. When the Fe/C mass ratio was 1:5, the as-prepared G-nZVI hybrids comprised numerous dispersed Fe(0) nanoparticles with a range of 5-10 nm in diameter. Batch experimental results indicated that the as-prepared G-nZVI could effectively remove trichloronitromethane (TCNM), a dominant in the group of HNMs from drinking water. About 99% of initial TCNM could be adsorbed and degraded under 60 mg/L G-nZVI dosage within 120 min. Kinetic studies indicated that the removal of TCNM by G-nZVI followed a pseudo first order rate (R(2) > 0.9). The degradation pathways of TCNM by G-nZVI nanocomposites might include dechlorination and denitration of TCNM. The Fe was in the form of iron oxides in the graphene material shape which was then restored to Fe(0) again via calcinations. These results indicated that the synthesized G-nZVI nanocomposites could be a powerful material to remove HNMs from drinking water.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Enze
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. Electronic address: xianqm@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xian
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006108:Graphite; D007501:Iron; C100187:chloropicrin
keywords: Drinking water; Graphene; Halonitromethanes; Nanoscale zero valent iron; Removal