title: Insulin Resistance Is a Risk Factor for Increased Intraocular Pressure: The Hisayama Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate association of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a surrogate index of insulin resistance, with IOP in a general Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2007, a total of 3119 Japanese community-dwellers, aged 40 years or older, underwent eye examinations, including IOP measurement with a noncontact tonometer. Of these, 2254 residents participated in this study. Fasting serum glucose and plasma insulin were measured to determine the HOMA-IR. The association of HOMA-IR with IOP was assessed using a linear regression model, adjusted for age and possible risk factors that can elevate IOP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean IOP ± SD was 13.7 ± 2.7 mm Hg in the right eye and 13.6 ± 2.7 mm Hg in the left eye. After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking habits, alcohol intake, and regular exercise, increased HOMA-IR levels were significantly associated with increasing IOP (P < 0.05). In the subgroup analyses based on the presence or absence of possible confounding risk factors, there was no evidence of heterogeneity between all subgroups (P for heterogeneity > 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HOMA-IR is independently associated with elevated IOP levels after adjustment for confounding factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 2Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 3Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School.
authors.forename: Kohta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 4Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 5Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gr.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 4Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 5Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gr.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 2Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Sawako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin