title: Complete mitochondrial genome of Camponotus atrox (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new tRNA arrangement in Hymenoptera.
abstract: We sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Camponotus atrox (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which is only distributed in Korea. The genome was 16 540 bp in size and contained typical sets of genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs). The C. atrox A+T-rich region, at 1402 bp, was the longest of all sequenced ant genomes and was composed of an identical tandem repeat consisting of six 100-bp copies and one 96-bp copy. A total of 315 bp of intergenic spacer sequence was spread over 23 regions. An alignment of the spacer sequences in ants was largely feasible among congeneric species, and there was substantial sequence divergence, indicating their potential use as molecular markers for congeneric species. The A/T contents at the first and second codon positions of protein-coding genes (PCGs) were similar for ant species, including C. atrox (73.9% vs. 72.3%, on average). With increased taxon sampling among hymenopteran superfamilies, differences in the divergence rates (i.e., the non-synonymous substitution rates) between the suborders Symphyta and Apocrita were detected, consistent with previous results. The C. atrox mt genome had a unique gene arrangement, trnI-trnM-trnQ, at the A+T-rich region and ND2 junction (underline indicates inverted gene). This may have originated from a tandem duplication of trnM-trnI, resulting in trnM-trnI-trnM-trnI-trnQ, and the subsequent loss of the first trnM and second trnI, resulting in trnI-trnM-trnQ.
authors.affiliation: a College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jee
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service, Wonju, Gangwon-do 570-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eui Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: a College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Iksoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D020856:AT Rich Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D023061:Gene Order; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D057345:Sequence Inversion
chemical_list: D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012313:RNA; D012343:RNA, Transfer
keywords: ADN mitochondrial; Camponotus atrox; Hymenoptera; ants; fourmis; gene rearrangement; génome mitochondrial; mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial genome; réarrangement génique