title: Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology.
abstract: This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and nHA were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step process. Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. The magnetic test showed the BIMCM were super-paramagnetic. Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Panpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China. Electronic address: ibptcjd@fzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jingdi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Tiantang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510507, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China. Electronic address: zhangqiq@126.com.
authors.forename: Qiqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002214:Capsules; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D057930:Click Chemistry / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008280:Magnetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D051381:Rats; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite; C056599:icariin
keywords: Automated in situ click; Biphasic-induced; Drug controlled release; Magnetic composite microcapsules; Nano hydroxyapatite