title: Risk factors for candidemia in non-neutropenic critical patients in Colombia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to the increase in isolation of Candida spp. in critically ill patients, and the high mortality and economic costs which this infection entails, a study was made of the risk factors associated to candidemia in critically ill patients from 7 intensive care units in Colombia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter matched case-control study was conducted in 7 intensive care units of 3 university hospitals. Data on overall length of hospital stay (including both general wards and the intensive care unit) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 243 subjects (81 cases and 162 controls) between January 2008 and December 2012 were included. In order of frequency, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were isolated. The main identified risk factors were: overall length of hospital stay>25 days (OR 5.33, 95% CI 2.6-10.9), use of meropenem (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.86-7.5), abdominal surgery (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.39-6.06) and hemodialysis (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.5-7.7). No differences in mortality between patients with candidemia and controls were found (39.5 vs. 36.5%, respectively, P=.66) were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Colombia, a long hospital stay, abdominal surgery, the use of meropenem and hemodialysis were identified as risk factors for candidemia.
authors.affiliation: Médico Neumólogo Intensivista Universidad del Bosque, departamento de cuidados intensivos Hospital Santa Clara, Bogota, Colombia. Electronic address: ortiz_guillermo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ortíz Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Médica Internista Infectóloga, Universidad departamento de medicina interna Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Médica Infectóloga, departamento de medicina interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.affiliation: Médica Epidemióloga, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, departamento de medicina interna Pittsburgh EE.UU.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Médica Intensivista, departamento de medicina interna Fundación Clínica Shaio, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elías Díaz
authors.affiliation: Médico Internista, Hospital Universitario de Neiva, deparatamento de medicina interna Neiva, Colombia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.affiliation: Médico Internista, deparartamento de medicina interna, Hospital Santa Clara, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.affiliation: Médica especialista en Medicina Crítica y Cuidado Intensivo, departasmento de cuidados intensivos Hospital Santa Clara, Bogota, Collombia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058387:Candidemia / Q000209:etiology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003105:Colombia; D016638:Critical Illness; D003428:Cross Infection; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents
keywords: Candida; Candidiasis invasiva; Cuidado intensivo; Factores de riesgo; Intensive care; Invasive candidiasis; Mortalidad; Mortality; Risk factors