title: Weighted locality-constrained linear coding for lesion classification in CT images.
abstract: Computed tomography is a popular imaging modality for detecting abnormalities associated with abdominal organs such as the liver, kidney and uterus. In this paper, we propose a novel weighted locality-constrained linear coding (LLC) method followed by a weighted max-pooling method to classify liver lesions into three classes: cysts, metastases, hemangiomas. We first divide the lesions into same-size patches. Then, we extract the raw features in all patches followed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and apply K means to obtain a single LLC dictionary. Since the interior lesion patches and the boundary patches contribute different information in the image, we assign different weights on these two types of patches to obtain the LLC codes. Moreover, a weighted max pooling approach is also proposed to further evaluate the importance of these two types of patches in feature pooling. Experiments on 109 images of liver lesions were carried out to validate the proposed method. The proposed method achieves a best lesion classification accuracy of 96.33%, which appears to be superior compared with traditional image coding methods: LLC method and Bag-of-words method (BoW) and traditional features: Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features, uniform LBP and complete LBP, demonstrating that the proposed method provides better classification.
authors.forename: Yixuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Assaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoogi
authors.forename: Christopher F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: Max Q-H
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*