title: Effect of carbodiimide on the fatigue crack growth resistance of resin-dentin bonds.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) inactivates endogenous dentin proteases, thereby preventing collagen degradation and improving the durability of adhesive bonds to dentin. Bond durability is routinely assessed by monotonic microtensile testing, which does not consider the cyclic nature of mastication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the effect of an EDC pretreatment on the fatigue crack growth behavior of resin-dentin bonds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bonded interface Compact Tension (CT) specimens were prepared using a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive and hybrid resin-composite. Adhesive bonding of the treated groups included a 1 min application of an experimental EDC conditioner to the acid-etched dentin. The control groups did not receive EDC treatment. The fatigue crack growth resistance was examined after storage in artificial saliva for 0, 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the immediate fatigue crack growth resistance of the EDC-treated and control groups at 0 months. However, after the 3 and 6 months storage periods the EDC-treated groups exhibited significantly greater (p≤0.05) fatigue crack growth resistance than the control specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the EDC treatment maintained the fatigue crack growth resistance of the dentin bonds through 6 months of storage, additional studies are needed to assess its effectiveness over longer periods and in relation to other cross-linking agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Zihou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dylan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beitzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Hessam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Majd
authors.affiliation: Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Department of Cariology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutluay
authors.affiliation: Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Department of Cariology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tezvergil-Mutluay
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Franklin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: darola@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Dwayne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arola
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002234:Carbodiimides; D003188:Composite Resins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium
keywords: Collagen; Cross-linker; Dentin bonding agents; Durability; EDC; Endogenous proteinases; Fatigue crack growth; Fracture