title: Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.
abstract: Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. It also exhibits various pharmacological activities. In this study, polysaccharides were extracted with boiling water and purified by freeze-thawing and Fehling treatments. After purification steps, a homogenous fraction was obtained. It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. It comprised arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and galacturonic acid (GalA) in a molar ratio of 12.3:1.7:86.0. Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Leivas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wellinghton M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adair R S
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iacomini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: lucimaramcc@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Lucimara M C
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D065826:Averrhoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D010368:Pectins; C003181:polygalacturonic acid
keywords: Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities; Starfruit; Substituted galacturonans