title: Psychosocial Care for Injured Children: Worldwide Survey among Hospital Emergency Department Staff.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine emergency department (ED) staff's knowledge of traumatic stress in children, attitudes toward providing psychosocial care, and confidence in doing so, and also to examine differences in these outcomes according to demographic, professional, and organizational characteristics, and training preferences.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an online survey among staff in ED and equivalent hospital departments, based on the Psychological First Aid and Distress-Emotional Support-Family protocols. Main analyses involved descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Respondents were 2648 ED staff from 87 countries (62.2% physicians and 37.8% nurses; mean years of experience in emergency care was 9.5 years with an SD of 7.5 years; 25.2% worked in a low- or middle-income country).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the respondents, 1.2% correctly answered all 7 knowledge questions, with 24.7% providing at least 4 correct answers. Almost all respondents (90.1%) saw all 18 identified aspects of psychosocial care as part of their job. Knowledge and confidence scores were associated with respondent characteristics (eg, years of experience, low/middle vs high-income country), although these explained no more than 11%-18% of the variance. Almost all respondents (93.1%) wished to receive training, predominantly through an interactive website or one-off group training. A small minority (11.1%) had previously received training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More education of ED staff regarding child traumatic stress and psychosocial care appears needed and would be welcomed. Universal education packages that are readily available can be modified for use in the ED.
authors.affiliation: Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: eva.alisic@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alisic
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoysted
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kassam-Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Landolt
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Anupam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kharbanda
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Applied Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lyttle
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Niccolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parri
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Franz E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Babl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004496:Education, Continuing; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult