title: Comparison of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat DASH diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) dietary pattern, which is high in fruit, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, significantly lowers blood pressure as well as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to test the effects of substituting full-fat for low-fat dairy foods in the DASH diet, with a corresponding increase in fat and a reduction in sugar intake, on blood pressure and plasma lipids and lipoproteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 3-period randomized crossover trial in free-living healthy individuals who consumed in random order a control diet, a standard DASH diet, and a higher-fat, lower-carbohydrate modification of the DASH diet (HF-DASH diet) for 3 wk each, separated by 2-wk washout periods. Laboratory measurements, which included lipoprotein particle concentrations determined by ion mobility, were made at the end of each experimental diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six participants completed all 3 dietary periods. Blood pressure was reduced similarly with the DASH and HF-DASH diets compared with the control diet. The HF-DASH diet significantly reduced triglycerides and large and medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentrations and increased LDL peak particle diameter compared with the DASH diet. The DASH diet, but not the HF-DASH diet, significantly reduced LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, intermediate-density lipoprotein and large LDL particles, and LDL peak diameter compared with the control diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HF-DASH diet lowered blood pressure to the same extent as the DASH diet but also reduced plasma triglyceride and VLDL concentrations without significantly increasing LDL cholesterol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01404897.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and rkrauss@chori.org.
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: DASH diet; blood pressure; dairy; lipoproteins; saturated fat; triglyceride