title: Re-examination of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune response to flagellin: Yersinia ruckeri flagellin is a potent activator of acute phase proteins, anti-microbial peptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro.
abstract: Flagellin is the principal component of bacterial flagellum and a major target of the host immune system. To provide new insights into the role of flagellin in fish immune responses to flagellated microorganisms, a recombinant flagellin from Yersinia ruckeri (rYRF) was produced and its bioactivity investigated in the trout macrophage cell line RTS-11 and head kidney cells. rYRF is a potent activator of pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, antimicrobial peptides and subunits of the IL-12 cytokine family. This and the synergy seen with IFN-γ to enhance further expression of specific IL-12 and TNF-α isoforms may suggest that flagellin could be a useful immune stimulant or adjuvant for use in aquaculture. Gene paralogues were often differentially modulated, highlighting the need to study all of the paralogues of immune genes in fish to gain a full understanding of the effects of PAMPs or other stimulants, and the potential immune responses elicited.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK; Division of Fisheries, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Eakapol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wangkahart
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
authors.forename: Callum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK. Electronic address: c.secombes@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Secombes
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK. Electronic address: t.h.wang@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tiehui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005408:Flagellin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D044124:Yersinia ruckeri / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D016207:Cytokines; D029941:Fish Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005408:Flagellin
keywords: Acute phase protein; Antimicrobial peptide; Cytokine; Flagellin; Rainbow trout; Yersinia ruckeri