title: Anti-inflammatory Steroid from Phragmitis rhizoma Modulates LPS-Mediated Signaling Through Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) strongly stimulate immune cells, and unabated activation of immune system by LPS may lead to an exacerbation of sickness and depression. In this study, stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one (ST) was isolated from Phragmitis rhizoma as a negative regulator of LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages. ST effectively reduced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, which were markedly raised by LPS treatment. In addition, ST blocked the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via down-regulation of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB α. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing anti-inflammatory activities of ST isolated from Phragmitis rhizoma.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sook Jahr
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea. jrlee@dhu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Rok
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002783:Cholestenones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002783:Cholestenones; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D028321:Plant Preparations; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000613320:stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: LPS; NF-κB; Phragmitis rhizoma; anti-inflammatory; stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one