title: Current status of superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents for liver magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Five types of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), i.e. Ferumoxides (Feridex(®) IV, Berlex Laboratories), Ferucarbotran (Resovist(®), Bayer Healthcare), Ferumoxtran-10 (AMI-227 or Code-7227, Combidex(®), AMAG Pharma; Sinerem(®), Guerbet), NC100150 (Clariscan(®), Nycomed,) and (VSOP C184, Ferropharm) have been designed and clinically tested as magnetic resonance contrast agents. However, until now Resovist(®) is current available in only a few countries. The other four agents have been stopped for further development or withdrawn from the market. Another SPIO agent Ferumoxytol (Feraheme(®)) is approved for the treatment of iron deficiency in adult chronic kidney disease patients. Ferumoxytol is comprised of iron oxide particles surrounded by a carbohydrate coat, and it is being explored as a potential imaging approach for evaluating lymph nodes and certain liver tumors.
authors.affiliation: Yi-Xiang J Wang, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Xiang J
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D007501:Iron; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Eovist; Gd-EOB-DTPA; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver; Magnetic resonance imaging; Primovist; Resovist; Superparamagnetic iron oxide