title: Delineating ADHD and bipolar disorder: A comparison of clinical profiles in adult women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overlapping symptoms can make the diagnostic differentiation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) challenging in adults using current clinical assessments. This study sought to determine if current clinical measures delineate ADHD from BD in adults, comparing relative levels of ADHD, BD and emotional lability (EL) symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adult women with ADHD, BD or controls were compared on self-report and interview measures for ADHD symptoms, mania, depression, EL, and impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADHD interview measures and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms best discriminated between ADHD and BD. Self-report measures of EL and depression showed non-specific enhancement in both clinical groups. BD-specific items may distinguish BD from ADHD if a retrospective time-frame is adopted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using measures which capture specific symptoms of ADHD and chronicity/episodicity of symptoms facilitates the delineation of ADHD from BD in adult women.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK.
authors.forename: Glenn L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kitsune
authors.affiliation: King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK.
authors.forename: Jonna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuntsi
authors.affiliation: King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences Studies Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frangou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Georgina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hosang
authors.affiliation: King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK.
authors.forename: Gráinne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McLoughlin
authors.affiliation: King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK. Electronic address: philip.asherson@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asherson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: Adults; Attention/deficit Hyperactivity-disorder; Bipolar disorder; Diagnostic errors; Mood disorders