title: Identification of differential microRNA expression during tooth morphogenesis in the heterodont dentition of miniature pigs, SusScrofa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been found that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of tooth development, and most likely increase the complexity of the genetic network, thus lead to greater complexity of teeth. But there has been no research about the key microRNAs associated with tooth morphogenesis based on miRNAs expression profiles. Compared to mice, the pig model has plentiful types of teeth, which is similar with the human dental pattern. Therefore, we used miniature pigs as large-animal models to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs expression during tooth morphogenesis in the early developmental stages of tooth germ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A custom-designed miRNA microarray with 742 miRNA gene probes was used to analyze the expression profiles of four types of teeth at three stages of tooth development. Of the 591 detectable miRNA transcripts, 212 miRNAs were continuously expressed in all types of tooth germ, but the numbers of miRNA transcript among the four different types of teeth at each embryonic stage were statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). The hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis results suggest that the miRNA expression was globally altered by types and temporal changes. By clustering analysis, we predicted 11 unique miRNA sequences that belong to mir-103 and mir-107, mir-133a and mir-133b, and mir-127 isomiR families. The results of real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR and in situ hybridization experiments revealed that five representative miRNAs may play important roles during different developmental stages of the incisor, canine, biscuspid, and molar, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicated that these five miRNAs, including ssc-miR-103 and ssc-miR-107, ssc-miR-133a and ssc-miR-133b, and ssc-miR-127, may play key regulatory roles in different types of teeth during different stages and thus may play critical roles in tooth morphogenesis during early development in miniature pigs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. drliang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Lu No.98, Xi'an, 710004, China. drliang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. lisa.l0309@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Lu No.98, Xi'an, 710004, China. lisa.l0309@163.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. kai.lai@163.com.
authors.forename: Tieli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. dywangfu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. dayongliutj@163.com.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. wang54384@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China. firhill@126.com.
authors.forename: San
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. kqjy55@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. wjs99330@163.com.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China. wjs99330@163.com.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China. jq_he@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Junqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. slwang@ccmu.edu.cn.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China. slwang@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Songlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003817:Dentition; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014070:Tooth / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs