title: Grape-seed proanthocyanidins inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediator expression in RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing MAPK and NF-κb signal pathways.
abstract: Grape-seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been shown to function as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with little toxicity in vivo and in vitro. However, little is known about their anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of action. The specific focus being its effects on the MAP kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cells. GSPs extract has been found to suppress the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inflammatory molecule of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) while mRNA level of IL-10 was greatly promoted. Furthermore, GSPs extract inhibited the expression of phosphorylated ERK, JNK and P38, as well as phosphorylated IKKα/β and NF-κB p65 subunit. In conclusion, our results show that GSPs extract showed its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties by suppressing the activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB signal transduction pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongqian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiuqiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongpeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: whao@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: weixt1010@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xuetao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D044945:Proanthocyanidins
keywords: Cytokines; Grape-seed proanthocyanidins; MAPK; NF-κb