title: Respiratory Failure in a Child Due to Type 2 Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postobstructive pulmonary edema (POPE), sudden pulmonary edema after upper airway obstruction, is an important disease entity for pediatric emergency physicians to recognize and initiate prompt treatment. Type 1 POPE occurs after a sudden, severe upper airway obstruction, whereas type 2 POPE develops after acute relief of chronic airway obstructive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-year-old boy, with a history of untreated sleep apnea, on postoperative day 2 from appendectomy, was brought to the emergency department in respiratory distress. The patient required urgent intubation, and copious pink frothy fluid was suctioned from the endotracheal tube. He was initially difficult to oxygenate, but with ventilator setting changes including a high positive end-expiratory pressure, the patient improved. He was discharged on hospital day 3 with nighttime BiPAP for home use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 POPE should be considered in a patient presenting with respiratory distress and a history of sleep apnea. Optimal ventilator management includes use of PEEP in the 10 to 15 cm H2O range. The roles of diuretics and steroids are controversial. Most patients will do well after a brief period of ventilatory support (24-48 hours). With the rise of ambulatory surgery, pediatric emergency physicians must be attuned to both the surgical and anesthetic complications that occur in the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Matteucci
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical