title: Flow-injection chemiluminescence analysis for sensitive determination of atenolol using cadmium sulfide quantum dots.
abstract: A sensitive, rapid and simple flow-injection chemiluminescence (CL) system based on the light emitted from KMnO4-cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) reaction in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in acidic medium was developed as a CL probe for the sensitive determination of atenolol. Optical and structural features of CdS QDs capped with l-cysteine, which synthesized via hydrothermal approach, were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The CL intensity of KMnO4-CdS QDs-CTAB was remarkably enhanced in the presence of trace level of atenolol. Under optimum experimental conditions, there is a linear relationship between the increase in CL intensity of KMnO4-CdS QDs-CTAB system and atenolol concentration in a range of 0.001 to 4.0 mg L(-1) and 4.0 to 18.0 mg L(-1), with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.0010 mg L(-1). A possible mechanism for KMnO4-CdS QDs-CTAB-atenolol CL reaction is proposed. To prove the practical application of the KMnO4-CdS QDs-CTAB CL method, the method was applied for the determination of atenolol in spiked environmental water samples and commercial pharmaceutical formulation. Furthermore, corona discharge ionization ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) technique was utilized for determination of atenolol.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: a_khataee@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khataee
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotfi
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Aliyeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111 Maragheh, Iran.
authors.forename: Mortaza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iranifam
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea. Electronic address: swjoo@yu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Joo
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000032:analysis*; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D011196:Potassium Permanganate / Q000737:chemistry; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011196:Potassium Permanganate; C034939:cadmium sulfide; D014867:Water; D001262:Atenolol; D000077286:Cetrimonium
keywords: Atenolol; CTAB; CdS quantum dots; Chemiluminescence; Flow injection