title: [ Super-enhancers. Are they regulators of regulatory genes of development and cancer?].
abstract: Enhancers make up a huge class of genome regulatory elements that play an important role in the formation and maintenance of specific patterns of gene transcriptional activity in all types of cells. In recent years, high-throughput methods for the genome-wide epigenetic analysis of chromatin have made it possible to identify structural and functional features of enhancers and their role in the spatial and functional organization of the genome and in the formation and maintenance of cell identity, as well as in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Special attention has been focused on genome regions called super-enhancers, or stretch enhancers, which consist of clusters of elements with properties of classic enhancers. This review considers current data on specific properties of super-enhancers and their role in the formation of interconnected autoregulatory circuits with positive feedback that regulates the most important genes, the activity of which underlies the formation and maintenance of specialized cellular functions.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.|Dmitrydid@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Didych
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Tyulkina
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Pleshkan
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Alekseenko
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Sverdlov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D006801:Humans
keywords: cellular differentiation; enhancer; eukaryotes; functional genomics; master regulator; regulation of transcription; super-enhancer