title: Extreme, expedition, and wilderness medicine.
abstract: Extreme, expedition, and wilderness medicine are modern and rapidly evolving specialties that address the spirit of adventure and exploration. The relevance of and interest in these specialties are changing rapidly to match the underlying activities, which include global exploration, adventure travel, and military deployments. Extreme, expedition, and wilderness medicine share themes of providing best available medical care in the outdoors, especially in austere or remote settings. Early clinical and logistics decision making can often have important effects on subsequent outcomes. There are lessons to be learned from out-of-hospital care, military medicine, humanitarian medicine, and disaster medicine that can inform in-hospital medicine, and vice-versa. The future of extreme, expedition, and wilderness medicine will be defined by both recipients and practitioners, and empirical observations will be transformed by evidence-based practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK. Electronic address: christopher.imray@uhcw.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher H E
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Imray
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Unit, University Hospital, Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Critical Care Research Area, NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Michael P W
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Grocott
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pre-Hospital Care, London's Air Ambulance, The Royal London Hospital, UK; Imperial College, St Mary's Major Trauma Centre, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: UK-Med Ebola Response Team, UK International Emergency Trauma and Medical Register, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Auerbach
mesh_terms: D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005101:Expeditions; D006801:Humans; D011998:Recreation; D014195:Travel; D055813:Wilderness Medicine