title: Therapeutic mammoplasty combining partial mastectomy with nipple-areola grafting for patients with early breast cancer: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapeutic mammoplasty (TM) for breast cancer is a widely practiced oncoplastic technique. Intraductal spread towards the nipple or the location of the cancerous lesion on the central breast may become a contraindication for breast-conserving surgery. We herein report the results of TM in such cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients underwent TM that combined partial mastectomy with free nipple-areola (NA) grafting. The nipple was removed together with the cancerous lesions, and the areola was preserved for NA reconstruction. The tumors were located in the lower quadrant (n = 1), the central area (n = 1), the upper-outer area (n = 2), and the upper-inner area (n = 2). The types of mammoplasty that were performed included: amputation (n = 1), inverted T mammoplasty (n = 3), and L mammoplasty (n = 2). With the exception of one patient, all patients underwent inverted T mammoplasty on the contralateral breast in order to achieve symmetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total surgical and plastic periods ranged from 155 to 235 min (mean 207 min) and 100 to 150 min (mean 121 min), respectively. Oncological safety and excellent cosmetic results were achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TM combining partial mastectomy with NA grafting was successfully performed in patients with early-stage cancer in all quadrant areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan. ykijima@m3.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Heiji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshinaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Munetsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajo
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arigami
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000637:transplantation*; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Breast cancer; Cosmesis; Grafting; Nipple areola; Oncoplastic surgery; Therapeutic mammoplasty