title: Active Living: development and quasi-experimental evaluation of a school-centered physical activity intervention for primary school children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The worldwide increase in the rates of childhood overweight and physical inactivity requires successful prevention and intervention programs for children. The aim of the Active Living project is to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior of Dutch primary school children by developing and implementing tailored, multicomponent interventions at and around schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this project, school-centered interventions have been developed at 10 schools in the south of the Netherlands, using a combined top-down and bottom-up approach in which a research unit and a practice unit continuously interact. The interventions consist of a combination of physical and social interventions tailored to local needs of intervention schools. The process and short- and long-term effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated using a quasi-experimental study design in which 10 intervention schools are matched with 10 control schools. Baseline and follow-up measurements (after 12 and 24 months) have been conducted in grades 6 and 7 and included accelerometry, GPS, and questionnaires. Primary outcome of the Active Living study is the change in physical activity levels, i.e. sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and counts-per-minute (CPM). Multilevel regression analyses will be used to assess the effectiveness of isolated and combined physical and social interventions on children's PA levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current intervention study is unique in its combined approach of physical and social environmental PA interventions both at school(yard)s as well as in the local neighborhood around the schools. The strength of the study lies in the quasi-experimental design including objective measurement techniques, i.e. accelerometry and GPS, combined with more subjective techniques, i.e. questionnaires, implementation logbooks, and neighborhood observations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN25497687 (registration date 21/10/2015), METC 12-4-077, Project number 200130003.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. d.vankann@maastrichtuniversity.nl.|Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Services, Geleen, The Netherlands. d.vankann@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Dave H H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Van Kann
authors.affiliation: Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Services, Geleen, The Netherlands. maria.jansen@ggdzl.nl.|Department of Health Services Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. maria.jansen@ggdzl.nl.
authors.forename: M W J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: TNO, Expertise Center LifeStyle, Leiden, The Netherlands. s.i.devries@hhs.nl.|The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Research group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, P.O. Box 13336, 2501 EH, The Hague, The Netherlands. s.i.devries@hhs.nl.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. n.devries@maastrichtuniversity.nl.|Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Services, Geleen, The Netherlands. n.devries@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Nutrition and Translational Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. s.kremers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: S P J
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kremers
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D012107:Research Design; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior