title: Severe aortic regurgitation and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a Turner syndrome patient.
abstract: Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common sex chromosome diseases. Short stature (if untreated) and ovarian dysgenesis (streak ovary) are two typical clinical manifestations of these patients. A variety of cardiovascular abnormalities has been found associated with TS. We report a 29-year-old TS patient with severe aortic regurgitation, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC). We discuss the diagnostic and surgical management of cardiovascular complications in TS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Kanhua
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Turner syndrome (TS); aortic regurgitation; bicuspid aortic valve (BAV); partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC)