title: Validation of value of actual micromotion as a direct measure of implant micromobility after healing (secondary implant stability). An in vivo histologic and biomechanical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The osseointegration process replaces the surgically damaged bone with newly formed bone in contact to the implant surface. This involves some loss of primary stability, which will continue until new bone is formed providing a new stability, known as "secondary stability." A direct measurement of secondary implant stability appears fundamental to determine the period and modalities for implant loading. The aim of this study was to validate the measurement of the implant micromotion to test secondary implant stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four 3.8 × 11.5 mm implants (Dynamix, Cortex, Shlomi, Israel) were inserted in sheep iliac crests. The animals were sacrificed after 2 months, and the freshly retrieved bone blocks were immediately fixed on a customized device to calculate the value of actual micromotion (VAM) according to a previously described technique. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, reverse torque value (RTV), %bone-to-implant contact (%BIC), bone volume percentage (%BV) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were also calculated for each implant. Statistical correlations between VAM and the other parameters were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data correlation analysis between the examined parameters showed that VAM significantly correlates (P < 0.05) to RTV, %BIC, ISQ and CBL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As VAM showed to be statistical correlated to the other parameters of osseointegration, it may be used to clinically check the amount of implant osseointegration, secondary stability and CBL. Future studies are needed to confirm these results moreover. An instrument to measure VAM in the oral cavity still needs to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterial Clinical Research Association, Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trisi
authors.affiliation: Biomaterial Clinical Research Association, Pescara, Italy. dottmarcoberardini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berardini
authors.affiliation: Biomaterial Clinical Research Association, Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.affiliation: "G. Caporale" Institute, Teramo, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Podaliri Vulpiani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000601:surgery*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010027:Osteotomy; D012756:Sheep; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013499:Surface Properties; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: %bone-to-implant contact; dental implant; osseointegration; secondary stability; value of actual micromotion