title: Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid S100B are associated with brain injury and unfavorable outcomes in children with central nervous system infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work aimed to assess whether elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B are associated with brain injury and unfavorable outcomes at discharge in children with central nervous system (CNS) infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF S100B and associated clinical parameters were retrospectively analyzed in 83 children with CNS infections and 88 children without neurological pathology served as controls. Children with CNS infections were divided into an infectious encephalitis group and an infectious meningitis group based on whether cerebral parenchyma was involved, and CSF S100B levels in different age subgroups between the two groups were compared. The predictive value of CSF S100B in children with infectious encephalitis was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the discriminative power was investigated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF S100B levels in the infectious encephalitis group were significantly higher than the infectious meningitis and the control group at each age range. CSF S100B ≥ 0.96 μg/L had 62.9% sensitivity and 76.2% specificity for diagnosing cerebral parenchyma injury in children with CNS infections. Increased CSF S100B levels were proven to be an independent predictor of unfavorable outcomes in children with infectious encephalitis and the optimal cut-off value (1.77 μg/L of CSF S100B) for predicting unfavorable outcomes in children with infectious encephalitis showed 61.1% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated that elevated levels of CSF S100B are associated with brain injury and could be used as an independent predictor of clinically unfavorable outcomes at discharge in children with CNS infections.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Qiong-Ling
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: b Intensive Care Unit of Pediatric Center.
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: c Neurology Unit of Pediatric Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xi-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Yong-Zheng
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002494:Central Nervous System Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000069544:Infectious Encephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
keywords: S100B; brain injury; central nervous system infections; cerebrospinal fluid; children; outcomes