title: Systemic Metabolic Responses of Broiler Chickens and Piglets to Acute T-2 Toxin Intravenous Exposure.
abstract: The aim of this study is to thoroughly investigate the toxicity mechanism of mycotoxin T-2 toxin and to further understand the endogenous metabolic alterations induced by T-2 toxin. To achieve this, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics approach was used to analyze the metabolic alterations induced by a single intravenous injection of T-2 toxin (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) in piglets and broiler chickens. A range of metabolites in the plasma, liver, kidney, and spleen of broiler chickens and plasma of piglets was changed following T-2 toxin injection. For example, a rapid increase of amino acids together with a significant reduction of glucose and lipid occurred in the plasma of broiler chickens and piglets following T-2 toxin treatment. A significant accumulation of amino acids and modulated nucleotides were detected in the liver, kidney, and spleen of T-2 toxin-treated broiler chickens. These data indicated that T-2 toxin caused endogenous metabolic changes in multiple organs and perturbed various metabolic pathways, including energy, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism, as well as oxidative stress. We also observed elevated levels of tryptophan in the T-2 toxin-treated broiler chickens, which may explain the reported neurotoxic effects of T-2 toxin. These findings provide important information on the toxicity of T-2 toxin and demonstrate the power of the NMR-based metabonomics approach in exploring the toxicity mechanism of xenobiotics.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qianfen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianbai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fuhua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D013605:T-2 Toxin
keywords: T-2 toxin; broiler chicken; metabonomics; piglet