title: Cryopreservation in fish: current status and pathways to quality assurance and quality control in repository development.
abstract: Cryopreservation in aquatic species in general has been constrained to research activities for more than 60 years. Although the need for application and commercialisation pathways has become clear, the lack of comprehensive quality assurance and quality control programs has impeded the progress of the field, delaying the establishment of germplasm repositories and commercial-scale applications. In this review we focus on the opportunities for standardisation in the practices involved in the four main stages of the cryopreservation process: (1) source, housing and conditioning of fish; (2) sample collection and preparation; (3) freezing and cryogenic storage of samples; and (4) egg collection and use of thawed sperm samples. In addition, we introduce some key factors that would assist the transition to commercial-scale, high-throughput application.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Center for Aquaculture Technologies, Inc., 8395 Camino Santa Fe. Suite E, San Diego, CA 92126, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA.|Corresponding author. Email: ttiersch@agcenter.lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Terrence R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Tiersch
keywords: commercial scale; quality; spermatozoa