title: Divergent Regulation of ER and Kiss Genes by 17β-Estradiol in Hypothalamic ARC Versus AVPV Models.
abstract: Kisspeptin (Kiss) and G-protein-coupled receptor (Gpr)54 have emerged as key regulators of reproduction. 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated regulation of these neurons is nuclei specific, where anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) Kiss neurons are positively regulated by E2, whereas arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons are inhibited. We have generated immortalized Kiss cell lines from male and female adult-derived murine hypothalamic primary culture, as well as cell lines from microdissected AVPV and ARC from female Kiss-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice. All exhibit endogenous Kiss-1 expression, estrogen receptors (ER)s (ERα, ERβ, and Gpr30), as well as known markers of AVPV Kiss neurons in the mHypoA-50 and mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-4, vs markers of ARC Kiss neurons in the mHypoA-55 and the mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-3 lines. There was an increase in Kiss-1 mRNA expression at 24 hours in the AVPV lines and a repression of Kiss-1 mRNA at 4 hours in the ARC lines. An E2-mediated decrease in ERα mRNA expression at 24 hours in the AVPV cell lines was detected, and a significant decrease in Gpr30, ERα, and ERβ mRNA levels at 4 hours in the ARC cell lines was evident. ER agonists and antagonists determined the specific ERs responsible for mediating changes in gene expression. In the AVPV, ERα is required but not ERβ or GPR30, vs the ARC Kiss-expressing cell lines that require GPR30, and either ERα and/or ERβ. We determined cAMP response element-binding protein 1 was necessary for the down-regulation of Kiss-1 mRNA expression using small interfering RNA knockdown in the ARC cell model. These studies elucidate some of the molecular events involved in the differential E2-mediated regulation of unique and specific Kiss neuronal models.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Alice K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Treen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Prasad S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dalvi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Ginah L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Zoey
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Denise D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Belsham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007032:Hypothalamus, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; C532507:GPER1 protein, mouse; D059648:Kisspeptins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004958:Estradiol