title: Descriptive epidemiology and risk factors of primary central nervous system tumors: Current knowledge.
abstract: Although comparisons are difficult due to differences in methodologies, the annual incidence rates of central nervous system (CNS) tumors range from 8.5 to 21.4/100,000 population according to cancer registries, with a predominance of neuroepithelial tumors in men and meningiomas in women. An increase in the incidence of CNS tumors has been observed during the past decades in several countries. It has been suggested that this trend could be due to aging of the population, and improvements in diagnostic imaging and healthcare access, but these factors do not explain differences in incidence by gender and histological subtypes. Several etiological hypotheses related to intrinsic (sociodemographic, anthropometric, hormonal, immunological, genetic) and exogenous (ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields, diet, infections, pesticides, drugs) risk factors have led to analytical epidemiological studies to establish relationships with CNS tumors. The only established environmental risk factor for CNS tumors is ionizing radiation exposure. However, for other risk factors, studies have been inconsistent and inconclusive due to systematic differences in study design and difficulties in accurately measuring exposures. Thus, the etiology of CNS tumors is complex and may involve several genetic and/or environmental factors that may act differently according to histological subtype.
authors.affiliation: ISPED, Équipe Santé Travail Environnement, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, ISPED, Centre Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pouchieu
authors.affiliation: ISPED, Équipe Santé Travail Environnement, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, ISPED, Centre Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine du travail, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: isabelle.baldi@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.affiliation: ISPED, Équipe Santé Travail Environnement, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, ISPED, Centre Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: ISPED, Équipe Santé Travail Environnement, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, ISPED, Centre Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine du travail, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berteaud
authors.affiliation: ISPED, Équipe Santé Travail Environnement, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, ISPED, Centre Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine du travail, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carles
authors.affiliation: Service de neurochirurgie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loiseau
mesh_terms: D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Central nervous system tumors; Endogenous factors; Epidemiology; Exogenous factors