title: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in progressive severe multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of central nervous system (CNS), which is disabling and majorly involves younger population. Various available treatments in forms of immunomodulation are not very effective; however, stem cell transplantation seems to be promising in recent literature. The current case report is a novel evidence for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in progressive MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 33 year old male with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), after being failed and/or intolerance to standard approved interferon (IFN) and mitoxantrone therapy, autologous HSCT was administered. At 2years of post-stem cell transplantation follow-up, he has remained stable with some improvement in functional status (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) reduced by 1.5), with no relapse, no treatment related complications, and no fresh magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous stem cell transplantation may be beneficial in progressive forms of MS, but needs to be tested in well-designed randomized trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Awadh Kishor
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kameshwar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tulika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seth
keywords: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; HSCT in MS; multiple sclerosis; stem cell transplantation