title: Cone-beam computed tomography study of the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent anterior teeth in a Chongqing population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a Chongqing population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  CBCT images of 1,725 patients in a Chongqing population were selected, and a total of 9,646 mandibular anterior teeth were analyzed. The number of root canals and the canal configurations were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 0.3% (11/3,257) of lateral incisors and 0.8% (26/3,014) of canines had double roots, and 3.8% (127/3,375) of central incisors, 10.6% (345/3,257) of lateral incisors, and 4.2% (127/3,014) of canines had multi-root canals. The difference in the incidence of multi-canals in lateral incisors between female and male was statistically significant. The frequency of multi-canals in the different age groups was 5.0% for central incisors for ages 21-30 years, 14.7% for lateral incisors for ages 41-50 years, and 8.1% for canines for ages 41-50 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the limitations of the current study, we found that a high percentage of mandibular anterior teeth had multiple canals in the studied Chinese Chongqing population. The current data may provide clinicians practicing in Chongqing with a more thorough understanding of root canal morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhengyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keke
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yueheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhi
keywords: cone-beam computed tomography; mandibular anterior teeth; radicular grooves; root canal morphology