title: In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology.
abstract: Bacterial cells are able to form surface-attached biofilm communities known as biofilms by encasing themselves in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS serves as a physical and protective scaffold that houses the bacterial cells and consists of a variety of materials that includes proteins, exopolysaccharides and DNA. The composition of the EPS may change, which remodels the mechanic properties of the biofilm to further develop or support alternative biofilm structures, such as streamers, as a response to environmental cues. Despite this, there are little quantitative descriptions on how EPS components contribute to the mechanical properties and function of biofilms. Rheology, the study of the flow of matter, is of particular relevance to biofilms as many biofilms grow in flow conditions and are constantly exposed to shear stress. It also provides measurement and insight on the spreading of the biofilm on a surface. Here, particle-tracking microrheology is used to examine the viscoelasticity and effective crosslinking roles of different matrix components in various parts of the biofilm during development. This approach allows researchers to measure mechanic properties of biofilms at the micro-scale, which might provide useful information for controlling and engineering biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University.
authors.forename: Su C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Sciences, University of New South Wales.
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kjelleberg
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; yangliang@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D010316:Particle Size; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D055682:Viscoelastic Substances