title: Increasing demonstration of angiogenic markers in skin neoplastic lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin cancer represents the most common worldwide malignancy. Angiogenesis is an important factor in tumor growth and metastasis. Given these facts, the purpose of the current study was to compare the levels of angiogenic proteins in the context of the most common malignant and premalignant skin lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry of CD31, HIF1A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 was performed in basal cell carcinoma (BCC), actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCCS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCCS presented with increased levels of HIF1A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in comparison to AK. In addition, SCCS also demonstrated increased levels of HIF1A to BCCLR or BCCHR. BCC presented with more vessels than AK. However, no correlation was observed among CD31, HIF1A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCCS presented with higher levels of HIF1A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, while BCC demonstrated an increased number of vessels in relation to AK. These data suggest that antiangiogenic therapy might be useful for skin cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Mendonça
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sabina Ferreira
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano de Oliveira
authors.initials: Fde O
authors.lastname: Poswar
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emisael Stênio Batista
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto de Carvalho
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucyana Conceição
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Henrique Souza
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: John David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Feltenberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alfredo Maurício Batista
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: andreluizguimaraes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: André Luiz Sena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guimarães
mesh_terms: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000032:analysis; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; C000588866:KDR protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
keywords: Actinic keratosis; Basal cell carcinoma; Matrix metalloproteinase-2; Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1; Skin cancer; Squamous cell carcinoma