title: [Application research of percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure by femoral vein approach under echocardiography guidance].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To avoid the injuries of radiation and contrast agent, we assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure by femoral vein approach solely under echocardiography guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2014 to December 2014, 25 patients in Fuwai hospital with PDA were selected, with mean age (4.5 ± 2.1) years and mean body weight (19 ± 7) kg. The mean diameter of PDA was (5.9 ± 1.2) mm. Patients were all treated by percutaneous PDA closure solely by echocardiography guidance in femoral vein. The effect of the procedure was evaluated by echocardiography. Follow-up was given at one month after procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three cases were successfully treated with percutaneous PDA closure by femoral vein approach solely under echocardiography guidance, while two patients was closed by femoral artery approach because guide wires could not pass through PDA. The procedural time was (33 ± 5) min. The mean diameter of PDA occluder was (11.4 ± 1.5) mm. Postoperative early trivial residual shunt occurred in three patients. All patients survived with no peripheral vascular injury or complications such as cardiac perforation. Hospitalization time was (3.6 ± 0.8) days. At one month follow-up, no complications such as residual shunt or pericardial effusion were occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echocardiography guided percutaneous PDA closure by femoral vein approach is safe and effective, and avoids the use of radiation and contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Shouzheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Shengshou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Shoujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Fengwen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Kunjing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Nengxin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Email: xiangbin428@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiangbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002404:Catheterization; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; D004452:Echocardiography; D005268:Femoral Vein; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D010490:Pericardial Effusion; D011184:Postoperative Period; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012449:Safety; D057772:Vascular System Injuries