title: Successful treatment of a pancreatic pseudocyst accompanied by massive hemothorax: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is rare to encounter massive hemothorax as a complication of pancreatic pseudocyst. In addition, as no obvious hypotension and abdominal discomfort were noted, it was difficult to consider gastrointestinal lesion a possibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 54-year-old Taiwanese man had tightness on the left side of his chest and shortness of breath for 3 days. He had a history of acute pancreatitis 3 months ago. After history taking and a series of examinations including thoracocentesis and computed tomography of his abdomen and chest, the diagnosis was finally confirmed based on the high amylase levels in his pleural fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy was subsequently successfully performed. Based on our experience, we briefly discuss the currently available treatment options for pancreatic pseudocyst.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. fbsn4747@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chiao-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. given_hsu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Chin-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. takeshi198205@gmail.com.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. takeshi198205@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chiao-Zhu
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University (Yanchao Campus), Kaohsiung, Taiwan. smkuo@isu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shyh-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ranger.wu1113@gmail.com.|Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ranger.wu1113@gmail.com.|National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ranger.wu1113@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Chiuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013156:Splenectomy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome