title: Probiotic treatment reduces appetite and glucose level in the zebrafish model.
abstract: The gut microbiota regulates metabolic pathways that modulate the physiological state of hunger or satiety. Nutrients in the gut stimulate the release of several appetite modulators acting at central and peripheral levels to mediate appetite and glucose metabolism. After an eight-day exposure of zebrafish larvae to probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus, high-throughput sequence analysis evidenced the ability of the probiotic to modulate the microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract. These changes were associated with a down-regulation and up-regulation of larval orexigenic and anorexigenic genes, respectively, an up-regulation of genes related to glucose level reduction and concomitantly reduced appetite and body glucose level. BODIPY-FL-pentanoic-acid staining revealed higher short chain fatty acids levels in the intestine of treated larvae. These results underline the capability of the probiotic to modulate the gut microbiota community and provides insight into how the probiotic interacts to regulate a novel gene network involved in glucose metabolism and appetite control, suggesting a possible role for L. rhamnosus in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance and food intake disorders by gut microbiota manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falcinelli
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodiles
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Suraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unniappan
authors.affiliation: Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Picchietti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gioacchini
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Merrifield
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Oliana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carnevali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D065569:Gastrointestinal Absorption; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005947:Glucose