title: Decision-making framework for the application of in-situ activated carbon amendment to sediment.
abstract: This study provides a decision-support framework and a design methodology for preliminary evaluation of field application of in-situ activated carbon (AC) amendment to sediment to control the (bio)availability of hydrophobic organic contaminants. The decision-making framework comprises four sequential steps: screening assessment, input parameter determination, model prediction, and evaluation for process optimization. The framework allows the application of state-of-the-art experimental and modeling techniques to assess the effectiveness of the treatment under different field conditions and is designed for application as a part of a feasibility study. Through a stepwise process it is possible to assess the effectiveness of in-situ AC amendment with a proper consideration of different site conditions and application scenarios possible in the field. The methodology incorporates the effect of various parameters on performance including: site-specific kinetic coefficients, varied AC dose and particle size, sediment and AC sorption parameters, and pore-water velocity. The modeling framework allows comparison of design alternatives for treatment optimization and estimation of long-term effectiveness over a period of 10-20 years under slow mass transfer in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yongju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States.
authors.forename: Yeo-Myoung
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gala
authors.affiliation: Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hoelen
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States. Electronic address: luthy@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Luthy
keywords: Activated carbon; Decision-support; Feasibility study; In-situ treatment; Sediment