title: Expression of Lipid Peroxidation Markers in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface of Patients with Non-Sjogren Syndrome: Potential Biomarkers for Dry Eye Disease.
abstract: To investigate the expression of lipid peroxidation markers in the tear film and ocular surface and their correlation with disease severity in patients with dry eye disease.
  
  
  
  The concentrations of hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in tears obtained from 44 patients with non-Sjogren syndrome dry eye and 33 control subjects. The correlations between the marker levels and the tear film and ocular surface parameters, including tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer tear value, tear clearance rate, keratoepitheliopathy scores, corneal sensitivity, conjunctival goblet cell density, and symptom score, were analyzed. The expression of the lipid peroxidation markers HEL, 4-HNE, and MDA in the conjunctiva was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  
  The concentrations of HEL, 4-HNE, and MDA were 279.84 ± 69.98 nmol/L, 0.02 ± 0.01 μg/mL, and 3.80 ± 1.05 pmol/mg in control subjects and 283.21 ± 89.67 nmol/L (p = 0.97), 0.20 ± 0.03 μg/mL (p < 0.01), and 13.32 ± 4.03 pmol/mg (p < 0.01) in dry eye patients. 4-HNE and MDA levels significantly correlated with BUT, Schirmer tear value, tear clearance rate, keratoepitheliopathy scores, conjunctival goblet cell density, and symptom score (p < 0.05), whereas HEL levels did not correlate with these parameters. Staining intensities for 4-HNE and MDA increased in dry eye patients.
  
  
  
  The expression of late lipid peroxidation markers, 4-HNE and MDA, increases in the tear film and ocular surface of patients with dry eye. The levels correlate with various tear film and ocular surface parameters and may reflect the severity of dry eye disease.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Korea.
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Korea.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Korea.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pathology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Korea.
authors.forename: Ga Eon
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital , Jeonju , Korea.
authors.forename: In Cheon
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: d College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
keywords: 4-HNE; MDA; dry eye; lipid peroxidation marker; oxidative stress