title: Polymorphisms of two loci at the oxytocin receptor gene in populations of Africa, Asia and South Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oxytocin (OT) system is known to be implicated in the regulation of complex social behavior, particularly empathy and parenting. The goal of this study was to estimate the gender and population differences in polymorphisms of two oxytocin receptor gene SNPs, rs53576 and rs2254298, in four populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These data were compared with each other and with 14 samples from the corresponding regions retrieved from the 1000 Genomes database. Low level of heterozygosity was observed for both SNPs in all populations in this study (rs53576: Catalonian, Hobs = 0.413; Hadza, Hobs = 0.556; sr2254698: Khanty-Mansi, Hobs = 0.250; Datoga, Hobs = 0.550). The amount of variance due to regional variability was almost equal for both SNPs (rs53576: FRT = 0.086, rs2554298: FRT = 0.072), whereas variance for the population level of variability was twice bigger for rs2554298 (rs53576: FST = 0.127, rs2554298: FST = 0.162). Pairwise coefficients of fixation demonstrate that the Hadza were well differentiated from other African populations except of Datoga, the Datoga were weakly differentiated from other African origin populations, the Ob Ugric people were extremely differentiated from all other populations. Catalans were extremely differentiated of Asian populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is hypothesized on the base of spatial distribution of the evolutionary novel A alleles of the both OXTR gene loci, that the spread of alleles of rs22542298 and rs53376 SNPs may be associated to some extant with manipulation of parental investment in humans.
authors.affiliation: Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. butovskaya@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Polina R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Butovskaya
authors.affiliation: Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. oelazebny@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oleg E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Lazebny
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. j.suchodolskaya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Evgeniya M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sukhodolskaya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. shunka@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Vasily A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vasiliev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. dariadronova@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: Daria A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dronova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. fedenok.julia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliya N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fedenok
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. araceli.rosa@ub.edu.|Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain. araceli.rosa@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Aracelli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Genelex, Inc, 3101, Suite 100, Western Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. epeletskaya@genelex.com.
authors.forename: Elena N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Peletskaya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. ryskov@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Alexey P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ryskov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. marina.butovskaya@gmail.com.|Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia. marina.butovskaya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marina L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Butovskaya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia; D003469:Culture; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058974:Phylogeography; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin