title: Hybrid EEG-fNIRS Asynchronous Brain-Computer Interface for Multiple Motor Tasks.
abstract: Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) have demonstrated great promise for neuroprosthetics and assistive devices. Here we aim to investigate methods to combine Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in an asynchronous Sensory Motor rhythm (SMR)-based BCI. We attempted to classify 4 different executed movements, namely, Right-Arm-Left-Arm-Right-Hand-Left-Hand tasks. Previous studies demonstrated the benefit of EEG-fNIRS combination. However, since normally fNIRS hemodynamic response shows a long delay, we investigated new features, involving slope indicators, in order to immediately detect changes in the signals. Moreover, Common Spatial Patterns (CSPs) have been applied to both EEG and fNIRS signals. 15 healthy subjects took part in the experiments and since 25 trials per class were available, CSPs have been regularized with information from the entire population of participants and optimized using genetic algorithms. The different features have been compared in terms of performance and the dynamic accuracy over trials shows that the introduced methods diminish the fNIRS delay in the detection of changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.|Department of Electronics Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio Paolo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Buccino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hasan Onur
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omurtag
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult