title: Regulatory circuit rewiring and functional divergence of the duplicate admp genes in dorsoventral axial patterning.
abstract: The spatially opposed expression of Antidorsalizing morphogenetic protein (Admp) and BMP signals controls dorsoventral (DV) polarity across Bilateria and hence represents an ancient regulatory circuit. Here, we show that in addition to the conserved admp1 that constitutes the ancient circuit, a second admp gene (admp2) is present in Ambulacraria (Echinodermata+Hemichordata) and two marine worms belonging to Xenoturbellida and Acoelomorpha. The phylogenetic distribution implies that the two admp genes were duplicated in the Bilaterian common ancestor and admp2 was subsequently lost in chordates and protostomes. We show that the ambulacrarian admp1 and admp2 are under opposite transcriptional control by BMP signals and knockdown of Admps in sea urchins impaired their DV polarity. Over-expression of either Admps reinforced BMP signaling but resulted in different phenotypes in the sea urchin embryo. Our study provides an excellent example of signaling circuit rewiring and protein functional changes after gene duplications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: Department de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Maximilian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jr-Kai
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. Electronic address: yhsu@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsien
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D010802:Phylogeny; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000196:embryology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Acorn worm; Admp; Ambulacraria; BMP; Sea urchin