title: Low Serum Vitamin D Levels May Contribute to Gastric Dysmotility in de novo Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common non motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the potential association between vitamin D and gastroparesis in PD has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to compare vitamin D levels between drug-naive de novo PD patients with normal gastric emptying and those with delayed gastric emptying.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with drug-naive de novo PD and 20 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Gastric emptying time (GET) was assessed by scintigraphy, and gastric emptying half-time (T1/2) was determined. The PD patients were divided into a delayed-GET group and a normal-GET group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were decreased in the delayed-GET group compared with the normal-GET and control groups (11.59 ± 4.90 vs. 19.43 ± 6.91 and 32.69 ± 4.93, respectively, p < 0.01). In the multivariate model, the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level was independently associated with delayed gastric emptying in PD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D status may be an independent factor for gastric dysmotility in PD. Although the underlying mechanism remains to be characterized, vitamin D status may play a role in the pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying in drug-naive PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Kwang Deog
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Moon Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Minyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Eyu Nyong
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jinse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Engseok
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Hee-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Wooyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D002112:Calcifediol