title: Impacts of anemia on 3-year ischemic events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a propensity-matched study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anemia correlates with worse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), improved anemia can improve the outcomes in patients who underwent PCI. But the influence of anemia on long-term ischemic events after PCI remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 8,825 consecutive patients who underwent PCI at General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region and identified 581 patients with anemia. Patients (anemia vs. no anemia) were compared using a propensity score analysis to best match between groups. The main outcome of this study is 3-year ischemic events after PCI, the secondary outcome of this study is 3-year mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after PCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with nonanemic patients, anemic patients were often female (38.90% vs. 14.51%) and elder patients (66.44% vs. 34.95%). Anemic patients have lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) and were more likely to have history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) (P<0.05). However, the prevalences of diabetes and hyperlipidemia were lower in anemic patients (P<0.01). Anemia was an independent predictor for 3-year ischemic events [hazard ratio (HR): 2.20, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.61-3.00, P<0.01], 3-year mortality (HR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.75-7.32, P<0.01) and 3-year MACE (HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.64-2.79, P<0.01) after PCI in post-match samples. The incidence of 3-year ischemic events was 41.0% and 19.3% in anemic and nonanemic patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anemia is an independent predictor for 3-year ischemic events, 3-year mortality and 3-year MACE in patients who underwent PCI. Further studies need to explore the impact of the pathogenesis and progress, prevention and therapy of anemia on the outcome of patients undergoing PCI.
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Miaohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Heyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Haiwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Quanmin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China ; 2 Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: Anemia; ischemia; percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); postoperative complications; propensity score matching (PSM)