title: Organic amendments for risk mitigation of organochlorine pesticide residues in old orchard soils.
abstract: Performance of compost and biochar amendments for in situ risk mitigation of aged DDT, DDE and dieldrin residues in an old orchard soil was examined. The change in bioavailability of pesticide residues to Lumbricus terrestris L. relative to the unamended control soil was assessed using 4-L soil microcosms with and without plant cover in a 48-day experiment. The use of aged dairy manure compost and biosolids compost was found to be effective, especially in the planted treatments, at lowering the bioavailability factor (BAF) by 18-39%; however, BAF results for DDT in the unplanted soil treatments were unaffected or increased. The pine chip biochar utilized in this experiment was ineffective at lower the BAF of pesticides in the soil. The US EPA Soil Screening Level approach was used with our measured values. Addition of 10% of the aged dairy manure compost reduced the average hazard quotient values to below 1.0 for DDT + DDE and dieldrin. Results indicate this sustainable approach is appropriate to minimize risks to wildlife in areas of marginal organochlorine pesticide contamination. Application of this remediation approach has potential for use internationally in areas where historical pesticide contamination of soils remains a threat to wildlife populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Electronic address: tiziana.centofanti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Centofanti
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Electronic address: laura.mcconnell@bayer.com.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Rufus L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Chaney
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 308, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: W Nelson
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Natasha A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Cathleen J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hapeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torrents
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Anh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Marya O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004026:Dieldrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D003634:DDT; D004026:Dieldrin
keywords: Bioavailability; DDT; Dieldrin; Earthworms; Soil