title: Effect of Malva Neglecta Wallr on Ethylene Glycol Induced Kidney Stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-urolithiasis effects of aqueous extracts of Malva neglecta Wallr on ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride induced kidney stones in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups equally: group I (normal control), group II (disease control), groups III and IV (sham), groups V and VI (preventive groups), and groups VII and VIII (curative groups). Group I received tap drinking water, groups III and IV were given intra-peritoneal injections of 200 and 800 mg/kg aqueous extracts for 28 days. Groups II, V, VI, VII, and VIII received 1% ethylene glycol plus 0.25% ammonium chloride in drinking water for 28 days. Groups V and VI were given intra- peritoneal injections of 200 and 800 mg/kg aqueous extracts for 28 days and groups VII and VIII received intra-peritoneal injections of 200 and 800 mg/kg aqueous extracts from the 14th day of the experiment. After 28 days the kidneys were removed and observed for calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposits and tubulointerstitial changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract significantly decreased CaOx deposits and tubulointerstitial damage in the preventive groups (P < .001). In curative groups, a low dosage of extract, reduced kidney oxalate deposits and tubulointerstitial damage (P < .05). In addition a significant decrease was observed in crystal deposition and tubulointerstitial damage in high dosed group (P < .001). However, high dosed preventive and curative groups seemed to be more effective (P ≤ .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malva neglecta Wallr has beneficial effects on preventing and treating CaOx deposition and decreasing tubulointerstitial damage on a dosage dependent manner. These effects may be due to the components presented in this plant such as saponins, flavonoids, mucilage, and phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. mojdeh_js@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jamileh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saremi
authors.affiliation: Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kargar-Jahroomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poorahmadi
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D007684:Kidney Tubules; D008297:Male; D028501:Malva; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D019855:Ethylene Glycol