title: Hydration Layer-Mediated Pairwise Interaction of Nanoparticles.
abstract: When any two surfaces in a solution come within a distance the size of a few solvent molecules, they experience a solvation force or a hydration force when the solvent is water. Although the range and magnitude of hydration forces are easy to characterize, the effects of these forces on the transient steps of interaction dynamics between nanoscale bodies in solution are poorly understood. Here, using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we show that when two gold nanoparticles in water approach each other at a distance within two water molecules (∼5 Å), which is the combined thickness of the hydration shell of each nanoparticle, they form a sterically stabilized transient nanoparticle dimer. The interacting surfaces of the nanoparticles come in contact and undergo coalescence only after these surfaces are fully dehydrated. Our observations of transient steps in nanoparticle interactions, which reveal the formation of hydration layer mediated metastable nanoparticle pairs in solution, have significant implications for many natural and industrial processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551.|Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.|Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546.|NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Utkarsh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551.|Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.|Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546.|NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551.|Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.
authors.forename: Duane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551.|Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.|Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546.|NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Zainul
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aabdin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551.|Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.|Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546.|NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Utkur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mirsaidov
keywords: DLVO; Hydration force; in situ TEM; intermolecular forces; nanoparticle; steric force