title: [New arthroscopic portal for performing tenotomy/tenodesis procedures on the long head of the biceps brachii tendon].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shoulder arthroscopy is the standard technique for performing procedures involving the intertubercular groove. Current techniques continue to produce excessive soft tissue manipulation and neurovascular injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study was conducted on a cohort of 24 shoulders following the standard surgical protocol and using punch dissection. The neurovascular structures with risk of damage by the standard lateral portal were evaluated during the study to establish a secure area for a new arthroscopic portal. Finally, the safety of the new proposed site was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of 24 venous structures, with a mean diameter was 1.05mm (SD: 0.71) was documented. A tendency was observed in locating these structures in the lower half of the dissecting field for the left shoulders and a hypovascular area between the 7 and 10hours circle dissected relative to the right shoulder. The new site was determined at a point 1.5 cm anterolateral to the anterolateral border of the acromion at an angle of 60° degrees to the horizontal axis of the acromion and towards the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodology used in this study is innovative, reproducible and applicable for the study of all existing shoulder arthroscopic portals procedures, as well as any joint. The results provided by this study will be helpful for clinicians to improve tenotomy/tendon tenodesis procedures of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-de la O
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Abraham Guadalupe
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Uribe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Electronic address: rodolfot59@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morales-Avalos
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vílchez-Cavazos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Enrique
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Elizondo-Omaña
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Santos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guzmán-López
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery*; D053656:Tenodesis / Q000379:methods*; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anatomy; Anatomía; Arthroscopy; Artroscopia; Biceps; Bíceps; Hombro; Portal; Shoulder; Tenodesis; Tenotomy; Tenotomía