title: Temporal Cognitive Decline Associated With Exposure to Infectious Agents in a Population-based, Aging Cohort.
abstract: Numerous cross-sectional studies have related exposure to neurotropic infectious agents with cognitive dysfunction in older adults, however, the temporal sequence is uncertain.
  
  
  
  In a representative, well-characterized, population-based aging cohort, we determined whether the temporal trajectories of multiple cognitive domains are associated with exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes Simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2), or Toxoplasma gondii (TOX). Complex attention, executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial function were assessed annually for 5 years among consenting individuals. Study entry IgG antibody titers indexing exposure to each infectious agent were examined in relation to slopes of subsequent temporal cognitive decline using multiple linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders.
  
  
  
  The IgG levels for HSV-2 were significantly associated with baseline cognitive domain scores (N=1022 participants). Further, the IgG levels for HSV-2, TOX, and CMV, but not HSV-1 were significantly associated with greater temporal cognitive decline that varied by type of infection.
  
  
  
  Exposure to CMV, HSV-2, or TOX is associated with cognitive deterioration in older individuals, independent of general age-related variables. An increased understanding of the role of infectious agents in cognitive decline may lead to new methods for its prevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Psychiatry ∥Medicine ¶Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Departments of †Human Genetics §Biostatistics #Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA ‡Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Division of Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Vishwajit L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Nimgaonkar
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Yolken
authors.forename: Tianxiu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chung-Chou H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McDade
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Snitz
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganguli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral