title: Enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 activity leads to intestinal dysmotility following hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether hemorrhagic shock (HS) increases the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the intestine and whether this enhanced COX-2 expression mediates the intestinal dysmotility after HS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into HS sham group and HS group. At 180 min following HS establishment, the duodenum samples were harvested to assess the motility function, protein expression of COX-2 and the downstream products of COX-2, prostaglandins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination of motility function ex vivo showed that the contractile response to acetylcholine of smooth muscle strips of rats subjected to HS was significantly suppressed. A COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, abolished this depressed contractile response after HS. Western blotting revealed an increased protein expression of COX-2 in intestinal tissues of HS rats. Immunohistochemical examination indicated that intestine tissues of HS rats were manifested by part of villous expansion and disruption, a large amount of COX-2 positive cells appearance in lamina propria and submucosa. Furthermore, the contents of prostaglandin E2 was significantly increased in intestinal tissues of HS rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced COX-2/ prostaglandin E2 involves in the hemorrhagic shock induced intestinal dysmotility.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004386:Duodenum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D000109:Acetylcholine