title: Microcurrent stimulation in the treatment of dry and wet macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of the application of transcutaneous (transpalpebral) microcurrent stimulation to slow progression of dry and wet macular degeneration or improve vision in dry and wet macular degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients aged between 67 and 95 years with an average age of 83 years were selected to participate in the study over a period of 3 months in two eye care centers. There were 25 eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration (DAMD) and six eyes with wet age-related macular degeneration (WAMD). Frequency-specific microcurrent stimulation was applied in a transpalpebral manner, using two programmable dual channel microcurrent units delivering pulsed microcurrent at 150 µA for 35 minutes once a week. The frequency pairs selected were based on targeting tissues, which are typically affected by the disease combined with frequencies that target disease processes. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study or Snellen visual acuity (VA) was measured before and after each treatment session. All treatment was administered in a clinical setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases were seen in VA in DAMD (P=0.012, Wilcoxon one-sample test), but in WAMD, improvements did not reach statistical significance (P=0.059). In DAMD eyes, twice as many patients showed increase in VA (52%) compared to those showing deterioration (26%), with improvements being often sizeable, whereas deteriorations were usually very slight. In WAMD eyes, five of six (83%) patients showed an increase and none showed deterioration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The substantial changes observed over this period, combined with continued improvement for patients who continued treatment once a month, are encouraging for future studies. The changes observed indicate the potential efficacy of microcurrent to delay degeneration and possibly improve age-related macular degeneration, both wet and dry. However, this study has no control arm, so results should be treated with caution. Randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to determine long-term effects.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Alameda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chaikin
authors.affiliation: Retina Institute of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Kellen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwa
authors.affiliation: Retina Institute of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennet
authors.affiliation: California Retinal Associates, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papastergiou
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gregory
keywords: macular degeneration; microcurrent; retinal disease; transcutaneous; transpalpebral