title: Postnatal high-fat diet enhances ectopic fat deposition in pigs with intrauterine growth retardation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and postnatal nutrition are risk factors for adult metabolic syndrome. However, the influences of long-term high-fat diet (HFD) intake on ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose tissues in IUGR pigs remain unclear. The present study was to determine whether HFD consumption would enhance ectopic fat deposition in IUGR pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  At day 28, IUGR and control pigs were fed ad libitum to either a regular diet or a HFD. Lipid store, enzymatic activities and mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related factors in liver and semitendinosus muscle (SM) were quantified at postnatal day 178.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feeding a HFD to IUGR pigs but not to control pigs significantly increased daily weight gain, carcass fat mass, plasma leptin level and lipid content and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mRNA abundances of LPL and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in liver and SM, but decreased daily feed intake and mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) in liver and SM (P < 0.05). Compared with control pigs, IUGR pigs had a lower body weight but higher plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and insulin (P < 0.05). HFD-fed pigs exhibited greater body weight, plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), regardless of birth weight (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that IUGR increased the vulnerability of HFD-fed pigs to ectopic fat deposition via enhanced fatty acid flux toward ectopic sites and reduced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Honglin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangbing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. dwchen@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Daiwen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008066:Lipolysis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Ectopic fat deposition; Intrauterine growth retardation; Liver; Pigs; Skeletal muscle