title: Common variants of APOE are associated with anti-epileptic drugs resistance in Han Chinese patients.
abstract: Purpose/aim of the study: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been implicated as one of the susceptibility genes for some subtypes of epilepsy and may be related to anti-epileptic drugs resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between APOE variants and the anti-epileptic drugs resistance in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  APOE gene rs429358 and rs7412 variants were genotyped for ϵ2, ϵ3, ϵ4 alleles using amplification refractory mutation system in 480 subjects including 207 anti-epileptic drugs-resistant patients and 273 drug-responsive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the frequency of APOE gene rs429358 C allele in the drug resistant patients is higher than that in the drug-responsive patients (14.98% vs. 10.1%, OR = 1.25[1.02 - 1.52], p = 0.017). Moreover, according to the two variants, we analyzed the distributions of -ϵ4 and +ϵ4 alleles of APOE gene and found that there were higher frequencies of +ϵ4 allele in drug-resistant epileptic patients than that in drug-responsive patients (31.8% vs. 13.2%, OR = 1.15[1.05 - 1.25], p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that APOE rs429358 variant C allele and ϵ4 allele were associated with the anti-epileptic drugs resistance in Han Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.|b Department of Neurology , Hunan Childrens Hospital , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Jiao-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmacy , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; C000612345:ApoE protein, human; D001057:Apolipoproteins E
keywords: APOE; drug resistance; epilepsy; variants