title: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Misdiagnosed as Posterior Uveitis and the Vicious Circle of Corticosteroid Therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the proportion of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) mistaken for posterior uveitis and to identify the deleterious consequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 1,657 patients admitted in the section of inflammatory eye diseases at the Center for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS) in Lausanne, Switzerland from 1995 to 2013 were reviewed. CSCR cases misdiagnosed as posterior uveitis or those with superimposed disease due to steroid therapy for uveitis were studied. Delay in diagnosis, specific erroneous uveitis diagnosis and evolution of the disease were also evaluated. Retrospectively, the most useful means for a correct diagnosis of CSCR were the original fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) when available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of a total of 1,657 patients, 15 (0.9%) cases with CSCR were identified. These included 12 subjects misdiagnosed as posterior uveitis and 3 uveitis subjects with superimposed CSCR following corticosteroid therapy for uveitis. The presentation of the disease was largely influenced by improper and continued use of corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSCR is a rare but not negligible misdiagnosis in posterior uveitis representing approximately 1% of subjects from a collective series of uveitis cases at a referral center. Investigative measures such as FA, ICGA and OCT are crucial for reaching a correct diagnosis and avoiding disease aggravation due to corticosteroid therapy.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory and Retinal Eye Diseases, Center for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Ophathalmology, Ospedale Padre Antero Micone, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papadia
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory and Retinal Eye Diseases, Center for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeannin
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory and Retinal Eye Diseases, Center for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Herbort
keywords: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Fluorescein Angiography; Indocyanine Green Angiography; Optical Coherence Tomography; Uveitis