title: Application of Microneedle Arrays for Enhancement of Transdermal Permeation of Insulin: In Vitro Experiments, Scaling Analyses and Numerical Simulations.
abstract: The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of donor concentration and microneedle (MN) length on permeation of insulin and further evaluating the data using scaling analyses and numerical simulations. Histological evaluation of skin sections was carried to evaluate the skin disruption and depth of penetration by MNs. Scaling analyses were done using dimensionless parameters like concentration of drug (C t/C s), thickness (h/L) and surface area of the skin (S a/L (2)). Simulation studies were carried out using MATLAB and COMSOL software to simulate the insulin permeation using histological sections of MN-treated skin and experimental parameters like passive diffusion coefficient. A 1.6-fold increase in transdermal flux and 1.9-fold decrease in lag time values were observed with 1.5 mm MN when compared with passive studies. Good correlation (R (2) > 0.99) was observed between different parameters using scaling analyses. Also, the in vitro and simulated permeations profiles were found to be similar (f 2 ≥ 50). Insulin permeation significantly increased with increase in donor concentration and MN length (p < 0.05). The developed scaling correlations and numerical simulations were found to be accurate and would help researchers to predict the permeation of insulin with new dimensions of MN in optimizing insulin delivery. Overall, it can be inferred that the application of MNs can significantly enhance insulin permeation and may be an efficient alternative for injectable insulin therapy in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leeladurga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India.
authors.forename: U Chandra
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Teja
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India.
authors.forename: S K Ashraf
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudeep
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India.
authors.forename: V Sai Sri
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Anusha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India. buchinalluri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Buchi N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Nalluri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. D.B.Das@lbobo.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Diganta B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009339:Needles; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin
keywords: histological studies; insulin skin permeation; microneedle arrays; numerical simulations; scaling analyses