title: Phylogeny of Asian Bufonids inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences (Anura: Amphibia): implication for the speciation of East Asian Bufonids.
abstract: Many bufonidae species distributed in Asia are inhabited in a variety of environments. However, there are few studies focusing on the speciation of Asia Bufonidae. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogeny tree of Asia Bufonidae with timescale in BEAST based on a multiple sequence alignment of 12S gene and 16S gene sequences from 13 Bufonidae species and whole mtDNA from five Bufonidae species. The results show that the bufonids split into two major clades. In general, there are two lineages mainly distributed on different sides of the Himalayas. According to the divergence time and distribution of the two lineages, we imply that the differentiation of Bufonidea may be closely linked to the uplift of QTP and consequent monsoon climate.
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , China.
authors.forename: Zhaojie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: b School of Life Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.|c Ministry of Environmental Protection , Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Yaqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , China.
authors.forename: Lifu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: c Ministry of Environmental Protection , Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , China.
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000235:genetics*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C075526:RNA, ribosomal, 12S
keywords: Asian Bufonids; mitochondrial genome; phylogenetic analysis