title: Cryptotanshinone inhibits TNF-α-induced early atherogenic events in vitro.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been effectively used to treat cardiovascular disease. Cryptotanshinone (CTS), a major lipophilic compound isolated from S. miltiorrhiza, has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects. However, the anti-atherogenic effects of CTS, particularly on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced endothelial cell activation, are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of CTS on TNF-α-induced increased endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and impaired nitric oxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), all of which are early events occurring in atherogenesis. We showed that CTS significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced increased endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and MCP-1, and restored nitric oxide production. These observations suggest that CTS possesses anti-inflammatory properties and could be a promising treatment for the prevention of cytokine-induced early atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. zuraini@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Zuraini
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chin Theng
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Lai Yen
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul Ain Abu
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Hayuti Mohd
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kok Pian
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Gwendoline Cheng Lian
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Nazrul
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hakim
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C037886:cryptotanshinone
keywords: Chemokine; Cryptotanshinone; Monocyte adhesion; Nitric oxide; Soluble cellular adhesion molecule; TNF-α