title: Tracking Parkinson's Disease over One Year with Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Group of Older Patients with Moderate Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with changes in cerebral tissue volume, diffusion tensor imaging metrics, and perfusion values. Here, we performed a longitudinal multimodal MRI study--including structural, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and perfusion MRI--to investigate progressive brain changes over one year in a group of older PD patients at a moderate stage of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three non-demented PD (mean age (SD) = 69.5 (6.4) years, disease duration (SD) = 5.6 (4.3) years) and 23 matched control participants (mean age: 70.6 (6.8)) completed extensive neuropsychological and clinical assessment, and multimodal 3T MRI scanning at baseline and one year later. We used a voxel-based approach to assess change over time and group-by-time interactions for cerebral structural and perfusion metrics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, in PD participants there was localized grey matter atrophy over time in bilateral inferior and right middle temporal, and left orbito-frontal cortices. Using a voxel-based approach that focused on the centers of principal white matter tracts, the PD and control cohorts exhibited similar levels of change in DTI metrics. There was no significant change in perfusion, cognitive, or motor severity measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cohort of older, non-demented PD participants, macrostructural MRI detected atrophy in the PD group compared with the control group in temporal and orbito-frontal cortices. Changes in diffusion MRI along principal white matter tracts over one year were found, but this was not differentially affected by PD.
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Tracy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Melzer
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Myall
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: MacAskill
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Toni L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pitcher
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Christchurch Radiology Group, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dalrymple-Alford
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology*