title: Effect of a new drug releasing system on microencapsulated islet transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to develop a novel release system for grafted islets.
  
  
  METHODS
  A graphene oxide-FTY720 release system was constructed to test the drug loading and releasing capacity. The recipient rats were divided into four groups as following: Experiment group A (EG A) and B (EG B); Control group A (CG A) and B (CG B). In each group, (2000 ± 100) IEQ microencapsulated islets were implanted into the abdominal cavity of the recipients with oral FTY720, local graphene oxide-FTY720 injection, without immunosuppressants, and with graphene oxide-saturated solution respectively. We detected the immunological data, the blood glucose level, and pericapsular overgrowth to show the transplantation effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  31% of adsorptive FTY720 was released within 6 h, and 82% of FTY720 was released within 48 h. From day 5 to 8, the amount of PBL in EG B was significantly less than those in EG A (P<0.01). The CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were suppressed 3 days longer in EG B than in EG A. On day 19 posttransplantation, the blood glucose level in EG B was much lower than that in EG A (P<0.01). On the same day, pericapsular overgrowth was grade I in EG B, grade II in other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graphene oxide-FTY720 complex showed a drug releasing effect. Local application of graphene-FTY720 releasing system could decrease the amount of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the percentage of CD3 and CD8 T lymphocytes in blood for longer time than oral drug application. This releasing system could achieve a better blood glucose control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Central Laboratory, The First Clinical Hospital Attached to Harbin Medical University Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Binjie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thyroid and Breast Diseases, Central Laboratory, Cell Transplantation Key Lab Attached to Ministry of Public Health, The First Clinical Hospital Attched to Harbin Medical University Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Qingkun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical Hospital Attached to Harbin Medical University Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Central Laboratory, The First Clinical Hospital Attached to Harbin Medical University Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Thyroid and Breast Diseases, Central Laboratory, Cell Transplantation Key Lab Attached to Ministry of Public Health, The First Clinical Hospital Attched to Harbin Medical University Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Zaixing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thyroid and Breast Diseases, Central Laboratory, Cell Transplantation Key Lab Attached to Ministry of Public Health, The First Clinical Hospital Attched to Harbin Medical University Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D006108:Graphite; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride
keywords: Islet transplantation; graphene oxide; immunosuppressants; microencapsulation; overgrowth