title: Treatment of brain metastases of lung cancer in the era of precision medicine.
abstract: Common and deadly complications of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are brain metastases (BM). BM portends a poorer prognosis with limited effective treatment options and current management strategies present several challenges from iatrogenic complications of supportive medications, optimal delivery of drug across the blood-brain barrier, and preservation of neurocognitive function. Long term side effects and survivorship issues have become more evident in the era of targeted therapy where a systemic disease is much better controlled. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are beginning to provide improvements in responses and survival rates. With further advancements and experience, our knowledge in this era of precision medicine will likely lead to strides in improving the quality of life and overall survival of patients with BM from NSCLC. In this review, we present the most recent updates in treatment of BM in NSCLC in regards to targeted and immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Haughton
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC, 27157.
authors.forename: Kounosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonomi
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Debinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA, jruiz@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic