title: Seasonal proteome changes of nasal mucus reflect perennial inflammatory response and reduced defence mechanisms and plasticity in allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal mucus and its proteins are a defence against allergens. We sought to investigate dynamic proteome changes in allergic rhinitis upon environmental allergen provocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal mucus was collected in and out of pollen season from allergic rhinitis patients (N=10) and healthy controls (N=12). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed. Proteins were identified by SwissProt database search and quantified from normalized areas under curve of precursor ion chromatograms. Gene enrichment analysis was performed with Cytoscape/BINGO software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 430 different proteins were detected in both groups, 203 (47.2%) were newly identified. In allergics CLU and IGKC were significantly more abundant in season (2.2 and 2.1-fold respectively). GSTP1 (0.5-fold), ELANE (0.4-fold), HIST1H2BK (0.3-fold), S100A8 (0.2-fold), S100A12 (0.2-fold) and ARHGDIB (0.1-fold) were significantly less abundant in season. In healthy controls UBC, TUBA1B, HBB and FABP5 were only present in season. Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE (5.3-fold), CLU (5.0-fold), TXN (4.3-fold), MSMB (3.2-fold) and Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO (2.7-fold) were significantly more abundant in season. MUC5B (0.5-fold), SLPI (0.2-fold) and S100P (0.2-fold) were significantly less abundant in season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to their symptoms allergic rhinitis patients show perennial inflammatory response lacking adequate reaction to allergens in season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many studies dealing with allergic rhinitis are focused on the nasal epithelium. This is the first study to analyse the nasal mucus as primary defence barrier on a proteomic level in and out of pollen season and contrary to the leading opinion shows that allergic patients show a perennial inflammatory response with reduced reaction to allergens whereas healthy controls react on proteome basis towards enhanced defence in season despite lacking allergic sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, ENT-University Hospital, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: peter.tomazic@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Peter Valentin
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Tomazic
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Graz, Austria; Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: ruth.birner-gruenberger@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birner-Gruenberger
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, ENT-University Hospital, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leitner
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Medical University of Graz, Center of Medical Research, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spoerk
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, ENT-University Hospital, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lang-Loidolt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Mass spectrometry; Nasal mucus; Proteome; Proteomics; Seasonal differences