title: Does Making An Adhesive System Radiopaque by Filler Addition Affect Its Bonding Properties?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the radiopacity, bond strength, and micromorphology of experimental filled dental adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five experimental filled dental adhesives with different concentrations of radiopaque barium-borosilicate glass (wt%) [0 (R0), 30 (R30), 40 (R40), 50 (R50), and 60 (R60)] and the commercial adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 were used in this study. Specimens were prepared by dispensing the uncured resin into a mold (5.0 mm x 1.0 mm). Digital radiographs (n = 5) of both 1-mm-thick adhesive specimens and tooth were taken with a CCD sensor. The gray levels of enamel, dentin, and adhesive systems were measured by histogram analysis and compared. Adhesives were applied to flat dentin surfaces of third molars (n = 7). Resin composite buildups were constructed and sectioned to obtain resin-dentin bonded sticks to test immediately or after 6 months of water storage. Three specimens for each tooth were qualitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Data on bond strength and radiopacity were evaluated by two-way and one-way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All experimental filled dental adhesives showed radiopacity similar to enamel (p > 0.05) and most yielded significant reductions of bond strength over time. However, the R30 produced a radiopaque material without jeopardizing the bonding of the material to the dentin substrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of 30% barium-borosilicate oxide produced radiopaque adhesives without jeopardizing the bonding to the dental substrate.
authors.forename: Gislaine Cristine
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Alessandro D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zander-Grande
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Rui Fernando
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: Osnara Maria Mongruel
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; C000604625:Ambar; D017609:Barium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D017640:Silicates; C415406:barium borosilicate; D014867:Water