title: Fabrication of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube or Zinc Oxide Nanorod Arrays for Optical Diffraction Gratings.
abstract: We report on new fabrication methods for a transparent, hierarchical, and patterned electrode comprised of either carbon nanotubes or zinc oxide nanorods. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes or zinc oxide nanorod arrays were fabricated by either chemical vapor deposition or hydrothermal growth, in combination with photolithography. A transparent conductive graphene layer or zinc oxide seed layer was employed as the transparent electrode. On the patterned surface defined using photoresist, the vertically grown carbon nanotubes or zinc oxides could produce a concentrated electric field under applied DC voltage. This periodic electric field was used to align liquid crystal molecules in localized areas within the optical cell, effectively modulating the refractive index. Depending on the material and morphology of these patterned electrodes, the diffraction efficiency presented different behavior. From this study, we established the relationship between the hierarchical structure of the different electrodes and their efficiency for modulating the refractive index. We believe that this study will pave a new path for future optoelectronic applications.
authors.forename: Jeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Young Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jaehyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hur
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D015034:Zinc Oxide