title: Management of Usr-i-Tamth (Menstrual Pain) in Unani (Greco-Islamic) Medicine.
abstract: Usr-i-tamth in Unani (Greco-Arabic) medicine is pain associated with menstruation, and classical manuscripts are enriched with traditional knowledge for the management of usr-i-tamth (menstrual pain/dysmenorrhoea). Hence, a comprehensive search was undertaken to find classical manuscripts for the management of menstrual pain was. We searched the Cochrane database, PubMed/Google Scholar, and other websites for articles on complementary and alternative medicine treatment and management of menstrual pain. The principal management as per Unani manuscripts is to produce analgesia and to treat the cause of usr-i-tamth such as abnormal temperament, menstrual irregularities/uterine diseases, and psychological and environmental factors. Furthermore, Unani medicines with emmenagogue, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties are beneficial for amelioration of usr-i-tamth. Herbs such as Apium graveolens, Cuminum cyminium, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla and Nigella sativa possess the aforementioned properties and are proven scientifically for their efficacy in usr-i-tamth. Thus, validation and conservation of the traditional knowledge is essential for prospective research and valuable for use in the contemporary era.
authors.affiliation: 1 National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Arshiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: 2 Yunus Fazlani Unani Medical College, Kunjkheda, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamatunoor
authors.affiliation: 1 National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mazherunnisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.affiliation: 3 Government Nizamia Tibbi College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Q N
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Qhuddsia
mesh_terms: D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: anti-inflammatory; antispasmodic; auja al-rahim; dysmenorrhoea; menstrual pain; temperament; usr-i-tamth