title: Cervicofacial infection in a Nigerian tertiary health institution: a retrospective analysis of 77 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infection involving the orbit, zygomatic space, lateral pharyngeal space, or hemifacial and oral floor phlegmon is referred to as cervicofacialvinfection (CFI). When diagnosis and/or adequate treatment are delayed, these infections can be life-threatening. Most cases are the result of odontogenic infections. We highlight our experiences in the management of this life-threatening condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of patients who presented with CFI from December 2005 to June 2012 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic or the Accident and Emergency Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (Zaria, Nigeria). The medical records of all patients who presented with either localized or diffuse infection of the maxillofacial soft tissue spaces were retrospectively collected. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 and are expressed as descriptive and inferential statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 77 patients, 49 patients (63.6%) were males, a male to female ratio of 1:7.5. The ages ranged from two years to 75 years with a mean of 35.0±19.3 years, although most patients were older than 40 years. The duration of symptoms prior to presentation ranged from 6 to 60 days, with a mean of 11.0±9.4 days. More than 90% of the patients presented to the clinic within the first 10 days. The most commonly involved anatomical space was the submandibular space (n=29, 37.7%), followed by hemifacial space (n=22, 28.6%) and buccal space (n=7, 9.1%). Ludwig angina accounted for about 7.8% of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFI most commonly involves the submandibular space, typically affects individuals with a low level of education, and is influenced by traditional medical practices. Despite improved health care delivery, CFI remains a significant problem in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4690-0496
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fomete
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria.
authors.forename: Rowland
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3415-6479
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agbara
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Daniel Otasowie
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9757-8156
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Osunde
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria.
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ononiwu
keywords: Cervicofacial; Infection; Management; Odontogengic