title: Comparative Evaluation of Two Final Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Precipitate Formed by the Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine.
abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of two final irrigation techniques for the removal of precipitate formed by the interaction between sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX).
  
  
  
  Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary incisor teeth were taken and randomly divided into three groups, containing 20 teeth each. Group 1 (control group), were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and a final flush with 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine. Group 2 were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine followed by 5 ml of saline and agitated with F-files. Group 3 were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine followed by 5 ml of 15% citric acid and passively agitated with ultrasonics. A thin longitudinal groove was made along the buccal and lingual aspect of the root using diamond disks and split with chisel and mallet. Both halves of the split tooth will be examined under stereomicroscope. Results were tabulated and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  
  There was a significant difference between the mean values (p < 0.05) in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 at each level.
  
  
  
  Passive ultrasonic irrigation is more effective than the F-file agitation technique to remove the precipitate at all three levels measured.
  
  
  
  Combination of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine irrigation protocol has been practiced since from many years to achieve good results. However, it has adverse effect in the form of precipitate and which is considered to be a carcinogenic in nature, hence this precipitate should be removed.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, Phone: 91 9591796941, e-mail: msmetri01@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Malasiddappa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metri
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Swaroop
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dinesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Indiresha
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shruthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shilpa H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bhandi
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine; D019343:Citric Acid; D006801:Humans; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D014070:Tooth
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Chlorhexidine; Interaction; Parachloroaniline; Sodium hypochlorite