title: Homeobox family Hoxc localization during murine palate formation.
abstract: Homeobox genes play important roles in craniofacial morphogenesis. However, the characteristics of the transcription factor Hoxc during palate formation remain unclear. We examined the immunolocalization patterns of Hoxc5, Hoxc4, and Hoxc6 in palatogenesis of cleft palate (Eh/Eh) mice. On the other hand, mutations in the FGF/FGFR pathway are exclusively associated with syndromic forms of cleft palate. We also examined the immunolocalization of Fgfr1 and Erk1/2 to clarify their relationships with Hoxc in palatogenesis. Some palatal epithelial cells showed Hoxc5 labeling, while almost no labeling of mesenchymal cells was observed in +/+ mice. As palate formation progressed in +/+ mice, Hoxc5, Hoxc4, and Hoxc6 were observed in medial epithelial seam cells. Hoxc5 and Hoxc6 were detected in the oral epithelium. The palatal mesenchyme also showed intense staining for Fgfr1 and Erk1/2 with progression of palate formation. In contrast, the palatal shelves of Eh/Eh mice exhibited impaired horizontal growth and failed to fuse, resulting in a cleft. Hoxc5 was observed in a few epithelial cells and diffusely in the mesenchyme of Eh/Eh palatal shelves. No or little labeling of Fgfr1 and Erk1/2 was detected in the cleft palate of Eh/Eh mice. These findings suggest that Hoxc genes are involved in palatogenesis. Furthermore, there may be the differences in the localization pattern between Hoxc5, Hoxc4, and Hoxc6. Additionally, Hoxc distribution in palatal cells during palate development may be correlated with FGF signaling. (228/250 words) © 2016 Japanese Teratology Society.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Azumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagato
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunieda
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Histology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000066630:Ectopic Gene Expression; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D010159:Palate / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
keywords: Eh/Eh mouse; Fgf signaling; Hoxc; cleft palate; palate formation