title: Endocrine disrupting compounds in gaseous and particulate outdoor air phases according to environmental factors.
abstract: This study investigated, for the first time in France, the spatial and temporal patterns of 55 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in ambient air at three sites (urban, suburban and forest) under two climatic periods (warm/cold) for 2 successive years. All EDCs, except tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), were encountered with various frequencies of up to 100%. Phthalate diesters (PAEs) were the most abundant chemicals with total concentrations as the sum of compounds, ranging from 10 to 100 ng m(-3) of total air, followed by alkylphenols (APs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which were both approximately 1 ng m(-3). Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations were notably lower (approximately 0.1 ng m(-3)). Air concentrations, depending on the considered compounds, were from 1.2 to 2 times higher in the urban than the suburban area and from 2 to 5 times higher in the urban than the forest site. PAH emissions were higher in the cold period, due to combustion processes. This finding is contrary to the other EDCs that are more abundant in the summer and governed by volatilisation. Most of the EDCs were largely distributed in the gaseous phase (>80% in the summer). The octanol/air partition coefficient (KOA) and vapour pressure (Vp) were relevant parameters for predicting EDC partitioning and direct relationships (p < 0.001) were observed i) between log K particle/gas partitioning (log Kp) and log KOA and ii) between EDC ratios in the gaseous phase and log vapour pressure (log Vp).
authors.affiliation: EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS (UPMC - Univ Paris 06/CNRS/EPHE), UPMC 4place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: marie-jeanne.teil@upmc.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Jeanne
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teil
authors.affiliation: EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS (UPMC - Univ Paris 06/CNRS/EPHE), UPMC 4place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moreau-Guigon
authors.affiliation: EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS (UPMC - Univ Paris 06/CNRS/EPHE), UPMC 4place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS (UPMC - Univ Paris 06/CNRS/EPHE), UPMC 4place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alliot
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, LEESU, UMR MA 102 - AgroParisTech, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gasperi
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, LEESU, UMR MA 102 - AgroParisTech, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cladière
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 77447 Marne-La-Vallée, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mandin
authors.affiliation: Airparif, Association de Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, 7 rue Crillon, 75004 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moukhtar
authors.affiliation: EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS (UPMC - Univ Paris 06/CNRS/EPHE), UPMC 4place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevreuil
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005602:France; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Endocrine disrupting compounds; Gaseous phase; Outdoor air; Particulate phase; Semi-volatile organic compounds