title: Cognitive Behavioral Performance of Untreated Depressed Patients with Mild Depressive Symptoms.
abstract: This study evaluated the working memory performance of 18 patients experiencing their first onset of mild depression without treatment and 18 healthy matched controls. The results demonstrated that working memory impairment in patients with mild depression occurred when memorizing the position of a picture but not when memorizing the pictures themselves. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the emotional impact on the working memory, indicating that the attenuation of spatial working memory was not affected by negative emotion; however, cognitive control selectively affected spatial working memory. In addition, the accuracy of spatial working memory in the depressed patients was not significantly reduced, but the reaction time was significantly extended compared with the healthy controls. This finding indicated that there was no damage to memory encoding and function maintenance in the patients but rather only impaired memory retrieval, suggesting that the extent of damage to the working memory system and cognitive control abilities was associated with the corresponding depressive symptoms. The development of mild to severe depressive symptoms may be accompanied by spatial working memory damage from the impaired memory retrieval function extending to memory encoding and memory retention impairments. In addition, the impaired cognitive control began with an inadequate capacity to automatically process internal negative emotions and further extended to impairment of the ability to regulate and suppress external emotions. The results of the mood-congruent study showed that the memory of patients with mild symptoms of depression was associated with a mood-congruent memory effect, demonstrating that mood-congruent memory was a typical feature of depression, regardless of the severity of depression. This study provided important information for understanding the development of cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.|Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.|Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China.|Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.|Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shengfu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Center & China Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Center & China Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Ubiquitous Awareness and Intelligent Solutions Lab, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult