title: Molecular identification of Oesophagostomum spp. from 'village' chimpanzees in Uganda and their phylogenetic relationship with those of other primates.
abstract: Oesophagostomum spp. are parasitic nematodes of mammals, including humans and other primates. To identify species and determine phylogeny, we analysed DNA sequences of adult and larval Oesophagostomum from wild chimpanzees in Bulindi, Uganda, which inhabit degraded forest fragments amid villages. Oesophagostome larvae and/or eggs from baboons in Tanzania and South Africa and from a Japanese macaque were also sequenced. Based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox1) of mtDNA, O. stephanostomum and O. bifurcum were identified from chimpanzees. Bulindi is the second locality where molecular detection of O. bifurcum in wild chimpanzees has been made. While most O. stephanostomum had ITS2 genotypes recorded previously, three new genotypes were detected. Among four ITS2 genotypes of O. bifurcum from chimpanzees, one was identical to that from various monkey species in Kibale, Uganda, and baboons from Tanzania and South Africa; another was shared by a baboon from Tanzania. No genotype was identical with that of the cryptic species reported from humans and monkeys in Kibale. Phylogeny based on Cox1 sequences of O. stephanostomum showed locality-dependent clades, whereas those of O. bifurcum formed clades composed of worms from different hosts and localities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka , Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Narumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka , Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development , Oxford Brookes University , Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McLennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine , Rakuno Gakuen University , 582, Bunkyodai-Midori, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooriyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitology , Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University , 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 7s53-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology , The University of Texas , San Antonio, TX 78249, USA ; Department of Soil Science , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Paula A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pebsworth
authors.affiliation: Section of Social Systems Evolution , Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University , 41-2, Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huffman
keywords: DNA sequencing; Macaca fuscata; Pan troglodytes; Papio spp.; nodular worms; phylogeny