title: Saccharification of polysaccharide content of palm kernel cake using enzymatic catalysis for production of biobutanol in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation.
abstract: In this work, hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose content of palm kernel cake (PKC) by different types of hydrolytic enzymes was studied to evaluate monomeric sugars released for production of biobutanol by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Experimental results revealed that when PKC was hydrolyzed by mixed β-glucosidase, cellulase and mannanase, a total simple sugars of 87.81±4.78 g/L were produced, which resulted in 3.75±0.18 g/L butanol and 6.44±0.43 g/L ABE at 168 h fermentation. In order to increase saccharolytic efficiency of enzymatic treatment, PKC was pretreated by liquid hot water before performing enzymatic hydrolysis. Test results showed that total reducing sugars were enhanced to 97.81±1.29 g/L with elevated production of butanol and ABE up to 4.15±1.18 and 7.12±2.06 g/L, respectively which represented an A:B:E ratio of 7:11:1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hafiza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shukor
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abdeshahian
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Najeeb Kaid Nasser
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Al-Shorgani
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aidil Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norliza A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mskpmn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohd Sahaid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kalil
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000378:metabolism; D000096:Acetone / Q000378:metabolism*; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000440:Butanols / Q000378:metabolism*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D003013:Clostridium / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D062611:Solid Waste; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000440:Butanols; D011134:Polysaccharides; D062611:Solid Waste; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D013395:Sucrose; D020001:1-Butanol; D002482:Cellulose; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Butanol production; Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4; Enzyme treatment; Fermentable sugars; Palm kernel cake