title: An Ultra-High Field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Post Exercise Lactate, Glutamate and Glutamine Change in the Human Brain.
abstract: During strenuous exercise there is a progressive increase in lactate uptake and metabolism into the brain as workload and plasma lactate levels increase. Although it is now widely accepted that the brain can metabolize lactate, few studies have directly measured brain lactate following vigorous exercise. Here, we used ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain to obtain static measures of brain lactate, as well as brain glutamate and glutamine after vigorous exercise. The aims of our experiment were to (a) track the changes in brain lactate following recovery from exercise, and (b) to simultaneously measure the signals from brain glutamate and glutamine. The results of our experiment showed that vigorous exercise resulted in a significant increase in brain lactate. Furthermore, both glutamate and glutamine were successfully resolved, and as expected, although contrary to some previous reports, we did not observe any significant change in either amino acid after exercise. We did however observe a negative correlation between glutamate and a measure of fitness. These results support the hypothesis that peripherally derived lactate is taken up by the brain when available. Our data additionally highlight the potential of ultra-high field MRS as a non-invasive way of measuring multiple brain metabolite changes with exercise.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Adam G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Rawlings
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Near
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Department of Statistics and Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of WarwickCoventry, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clare
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansen-Berg
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Physiological Neuroimaging Group, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), University of OxfordOxford, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Stagg
keywords: brain; exercise; glutamate; lactate; magnetic resonance spectroscopy