title: Expression of CD44 and CD29 by PEComa cells suggests their possible origin of mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal tumor composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. The perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) co-expresses melanocytic and muscle markers. Since no normal counterpart to the PEC has ever been identified in any normal tissue, the cell origin of these tumors is still uncertain. Although, several hypotheses have recently been advanced to explain the histogenesis of PEComa, it remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to discuss whether differential expression of stem cell-associated proteins could be used to aid in determining the histogenesis of PEComa. For this purpose, we detected the immunoexpression of 5 kinds of stem cell markers on PEComas, including CD29, CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and nestin. In addition to observed histopathologic morphology, we also performed PEComa relevant clinical diagnostic markers (HMB-45, SMA, melan-A, Desmin, Ki-67, S-100 and TFE3) to identify whether they belonged to PEComas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study included 13 PEComa samples, and we obtained positive immunoexpression results as follows: CD29 (13/13), CD44 (8/13), ALDH1 (10/13), nestin (1/13), and CD133 (0/13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since CD44 and CD29 are surface proteins associated with MSCs, these results suggest that PEComa might arise from MSCs. However, whether MSCs are the origin of PEComa needs to be further explored in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Shihezi City 45 North 3rd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Lianghai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region 91st Tianchi Road, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yaoyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jinfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region 91st Tianchi Road, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Zhenzhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine 59 North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D054973:Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C497483:CD44 protein, human; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D019012:Integrin beta1
keywords: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor; mesenchymal stem cells; stem cell markers