title: The impact of low-protein high-carbohydrate diets on aging and lifespan.
abstract: Most research on nutritional effects on aging has focussed on the impact of manipulating single dietary factors such as total calorie intake or each of the macronutrients individually. More recent studies using a nutritional geometric approach called the Geometric Framework have facilitated an understanding of how aging is influenced across a landscape of diets that vary orthogonally in macronutrient and total energy content. Such studies have been performed using ad libitum feeding regimes, thus taking into account compensatory feeding responses that are inevitable in a non-constrained environment. Geometric Framework studies on insects and mice have revealed that diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates generate longest lifespans in ad libitum-fed animals while low total energy intake (caloric restriction by dietary dilution) has minimal effect. These conclusions are supported indirectly by observational studies in humans and a heterogeneous group of other types of interventional studies in insects and rodents. Due to compensatory feeding for protein dilution, low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets are often associated with increased food intake and body fat, a phenomenon called protein leverage. This could potentially be mitigated by supplementing these diets with interventions that influence body weight through physical activity and ambient temperature.
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia. david.lecouteur@sydney.edu.au.|Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia. david.lecouteur@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Le Couteur
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.|Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solon-Biet
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.|Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia.
authors.forename: Victoria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Cogger
authors.affiliation: Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute ON Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.|School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Cabo
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.|Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raubenheimer
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia. stephen.simpson@sydney.edu.au.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia. stephen.simpson@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000379:methods; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Ageing; Aging; CPC diet; Caloric restriction; Dietary carbohydrate; Dietary protein; Geometric Framework