title: Eddy current compensated double diffusion encoded (DDE) MRI.
abstract: Eddy currents might lead to image distortions in diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging. A method is proposed to reduce their effects on double diffusion encoding (DDE) MRI experiments and the thereby derived microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA).
  
  
  
  The twice-refocused spin echo scheme was adapted for DDE measurements. To assess the effect of individual diffusion encodings on the image distortions, measurements of a grid of plastic rods in water were performed. The effect of eddy current compensation on μFA measurements was evaluated in the brains of six healthy volunteers.
  
  
  
  The use of an eddy current compensation reduced the signal variation. As expected, the distortions caused by the second encoding were larger than those of the first encoding, entailing a stronger need to compensate for them. For an optimal result, however, both encodings had to be compensated. The artifact reduction strongly improved the measurement of the μFA in ventricles and gray matter by reducing the overestimation. An effect of the compensation on absolute μFA values in white matter was not observed.
  
  
  
  It is advisable to compensate both encodings in DDE measurements for eddy currents. Magn Reson Med 77:328-335, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wetscherek
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tristan Anselm
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kuder
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frederik Bernd
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Laun
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
keywords: MRI; double diffusion encoding; eddy current compensation; microscopic diffusion anisotropy; μFA