title: Minimally invasive supraomohyoid neck dissection by total endoscopic technique for oral squamous carcinoma.
abstract: To study the feasibility of a total endoscopic technique for selective neck dissection in oral cancers and to compare the technique with conventional open technique with a long cervical scar.
  
  
  
  We included patients with early intraorally resectable squamous carcinomas and excluded patients whose primary lesion required reconstruction with microvascular flaps. We compared the following intraoperative parameters: cumulative length of the incision(s), duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, and intraoperative complications. The postoperative parameters included hospital stay, shoulder function, duration of analgesic use, and early postoperative complications. We used Shoulder Pain And Disability Index scores to assess shoulder function and assessed the oncologic outcome histopathologically by the number of nodes dissected.
  
  
  
  The mean operative time for minimally invasive supraomohyoid neck dissection (MISOND) was 53.7 ± 29.8 min, which was significantly longer than 39.4 ± 5.0 min for the open technique. The estimated blood loss in the MISOND group was significantly lower compared with the open technique (p < 0.001), and there were no major intraoperative complications in either group. Postoperative recovery assessed by hospital stay and time to resume routine work was slightly shorter in the MISOND group but not statistically significant. There were no reported early postoperative complications such as haemorrhage, wound dehiscence, or chyle leakage in either group. The mean Shoulder Pain And Disability Index score assessed 2 weeks postoperatively for the MISOND group was 14.35 ± 0.71 %, which was significantly better than 44.14 ± 1.18 % for the open technique (p < 0.001). The number of nodes dissected showed no significant difference between groups.
  
  
  
  MISOND is a feasible and safe procedure with immediate oncologic outcomes comparable with those of conventional open SOND and provides better cosmetic and functional outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Bharat Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Saroli, Kadodara Road, Surat, 395010, Gujarat, India. rajravi22@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ravindrasinh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Bharat Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Surat, India.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lotwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Bharat Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Surat, India.
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anajwala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps
keywords: Minimally invasive neck dissection; Oral squamous carcinoma; Supraomohyoid