title: Pluripotent Human embryonic stem cell derived neural lineages for in vitro modelling of enterovirus 71 infection and therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of neurological complications and fatalities associated with Hand, Foot & Mouth disease has increased over recent years, due to emergence of newly-evolved strains of Enterovirus 71 (EV71). In the search for new antiviral therapeutics against EV71, accurate and sensitive in vitro cellular models for preliminary studies of EV71 pathogenesis is an essential prerequisite, before progressing to expensive and time-consuming live animal studies and clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study thus investigated whether neural lineages derived from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can fulfil this purpose. EV71 infection of hESC-derived neural stem cells (NSC) and mature neurons (MN) was carried out in vitro, in comparison with RD and SH-SY5Y cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upon assessment of post-infection survivability and EV71 production by the various types, it was observed that NSC were significantly more susceptible to EV71 infection compared to MN, RD (rhabdomyosarcoma) and SH-SY5Y cells, which was consistent with previous studies on mice. The SP81 peptide had significantly greater inhibitory effect on EV71 production by NSC and MN compared to the cancer-derived RD and SH-SY5Y cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence, this study demonstrates that hESC-derived neural lineages can be utilized as in vitro models for studying EV71 pathogenesis and for screening of antiviral therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. mayshin.yap@gmail.com.
authors.forename: May Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. yinquant@sunway.edu.my.
authors.forename: Yin Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. yy0812@live.com.my.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. weilingl@sunway.edu.my.
authors.forename: Wei Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. limlw@hku.hk.|The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. limlw@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Lee Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. jefft@sunway.edu.my.
authors.forename: Kuan Onn
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 180 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, Singapore, 569830, Singapore. Mark_RICHARDS@nyp.gov.sg.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. iekhsan.othman@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Iekhsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pohcl@sunway.edu.my.
authors.forename: Chit Laa
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Poh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. alexish@hku.hk.|The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. alexish@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Boon Chin
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Heng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D000066449:Human Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010455:Peptides