title: Characterisation of antioxidants in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic leaf tissues of variegated Pelargonium zonale plants.
abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is an important signalling molecule, involved in regulation of numerous metabolic processes in plants. The most important sources of H2 O2 in photosynthetically active cells are chloroplasts and peroxisomes. Here we employed variegated Pelargonium zonale to characterise and compare enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidative system in autotrophic and heterotrophic leaf tissues at (sub)cellular level under optimal growth conditions. The results revealed that both leaf tissues had specific strategies to regulate H2 O2 levels. In photosynthetic cells, the redox regulatory system was based on ascorbate, and on the activities of thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) and catalase. In this leaf tissue, ascorbate was predominantly localised in the nucleus, peroxisomes, plastids and mitochondria. On the other hand, non-photosynthetic cells contained higher glutathione content, mostly located in mitochondria. The enzymatic antioxidative system in non-photosynthetic cells relied on the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and both Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Interestingly, higher content of ascorbate and glutathione, and higher activities of APX in the cytosol of non-photosynthetic leaf cells compared to the photosynthetic ones, suggest the importance of this compartment in H2 O2 regulation. Together, these results imply different regulation of processes linked with H2 O2 signalling at subcellular level. Thus, we propose green-white variegated leaves as an excellent system for examination of redox signal transduction and redox communication between two cell types, autotrophic and heterotrophic, within the same organ.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research (IMSI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidović
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research (IMSI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morina
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research (IMSI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milić-Komić
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vuleta
authors.affiliation: Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zechmann
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Lj
authors.initials: Lj
authors.lastname: Prokić
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research (IMSI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veljović Jovanović
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D031316:Pelargonium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Antioxidative system; H2O2 regulation; Pelargonium zonale; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; model system; subcellular distribution of ascorbate and glutathione; variegated plants