title: Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Induces Beiging in Adipose Tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the increasing prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in humans, there are no evidence-based therapies for HFpEF. Clinical studies suggest a relationship between obesity-associated dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) and HFpEF. However, an apparent obesity paradox exists in some HF populations with a higher body mass index. We sought to determine whether HFpEF exerted effects on AT and investigated the involved mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice underwent d-aldosterone infusion, uninephrectomy, and were given 1% saline for 4 weeks. HFpEF mice developed hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction and had higher myocardial natriuretic peptide expression. Although body weights were similar in HFpEF and sham-operated mice, white AT was significantly smaller in HFpEF than in sham (epididymal AT, 7.59 versus 10.67 mg/g; inguinal AT, 6.34 versus 8.38 mg/g). These changes were associated with smaller adipocyte size and increased beiging markers (ucp-1, cidea, and eva) in white AT. Similar findings were seen in HFpEF induced by transverse aortic constriction. Increased activation of natriuretic peptide signaling was seen in white AT of HFpEF mice. The ratio of the signaling receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor type A, to the clearance receptor, nprc, was increased as was p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. However, HFpEF mice failed to regulate body temperature during cold temperature exposure. In HFpEF, despite a larger brown AT mass (5.96 versus 4.50 mg/g), brown AT showed reduced activity with decreased uncoupling protein 1 (ucp-1), cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a (cidea), and epithelial V-like antigen (eva) expression and decreased expression of lipolytic enzymes (hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid binding protein 4) versus sham.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that HFpEF is associated with beiging in white AT and with dysfunctional brown AT.
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valero-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: Shanpeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hulsmans
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aprahamian
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nahrendorf
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
authors.forename: Philipp E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., S.L., R.M.W., T.A., J.J.F., F.S.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H., M.N.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.S.); and Cardiovascular Section (F.S.) and Evans Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., F.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA. flora.sam@bmc.org.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sam
mesh_terms: D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000450:Aldosterone; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009392:Nephrectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000450:Aldosterone
keywords: brown adipose tissue; diastolic heart failure; natriuretic peptides; white adipose tissue