title: Presence of the Paternal Pronucleus Assists Embryo in Overcoming Cycloheximide Induced Abnormalities in Zygotic Mitosis.
abstract: After fertilization, the maternal and paternal chromosomes independently proceed through pronuclear formation. These chromatin reconfigurations occur within a shared cytoplasm thus exposing both gametes to the same factors. Here, we report that continuous cycloheximide [40 μg/mL] treatment of parthenogenotes, androgenotes, and ICSI embryos reveals ORC2 pronuclear instability in the maternal (MPN) but not the paternal pronucleus (PPN). When released from CHX after 8 h, the MPN can recover ORC2 and proceed through replication, however, parthenogenotes encounter severe mitotic defects while both ICSI embryos and androgenotes are able to recover and develop at significantly higher rates. Taken together, these data suggest cycloheximide treatment promotes an environment that asymmetrically affects the stability of ORC2 on the MPN, and the ability of the MPN to develop. Furthermore, the presence of the PPN in the zygote can ameliorate both effects. These data suggest further evidence for crosstalk between the two pronuclei during the first cell cycle of the embryo. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1806-1812, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Myungjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: W Steven
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000633:toxicity*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010312:Parthenogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015053:Zygote / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003513:Cycloheximide
keywords: CYCLOHEXIMIDE; DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYO; ORC2; REPLICATION