title: Dye-Sensitized Core/Active Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles for Optogenetics and Bioimaging Applications.
abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) dye-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can broaden the absorption range and boost upconversion efficiency of UCNPs. Here, we achieved significantly enhanced upconversion luminescence in dye-sensitized core/active shell UCNPs via the doping of ytterbium ions (Yb(3+)) in the UCNP shell, which bridged the energy transfer from the dye to the UCNP core. As a result, we synergized the two most practical upconversion booster effectors (dye-sensitizing and core/shell enhancement) to amplify upconversion efficiency. We demonstrated two biomedical applications using these UCNPs. By using dye-sensitized core/active shell UCNP embedded poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer implantable systems, we successfully shifted the optogenetic neuron excitation window to a biocompatible and deep tissue penetrable 800 nm wavelength. Furthermore, UCNPs were water-solubilized with Pluronic F127 with high upconversion efficiency and can be imaged in a mouse model.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, 116012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kendra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takle
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bilsel
authors.forename: Zhanjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hyungseok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zijiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Materials Sciences, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, 116012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Emory M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lois
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004735:Energy Transfer; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D015018:Ytterbium / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D015019:Yttrium; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D015018:Ytterbium
keywords: bioimaging; core/active shell structure; dye-sensitizing; near-infrared; optogenetics; upconversion nanoparticles