title: Circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines in a cohort of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression profile of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes between drug resistant mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) patients and healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  mTLE patients were enrolled at the Neurology Center of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte (SCM-BH) and healthy volunteers were selected at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Individuals from both groups accepted to participate in this study and signed an informed consent. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected using sodium heparin vacuum tubes on the day before the surgery and in the interictal period, isolated from whole blood using Ficoll/Hypaque followed by flow cytometry analysis. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy individuals, mTLE patients showed reduced frequency of CD8(+) T lymphocytes expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-4. Moreover, mTLE patients presented increased frequency of CD4(+) T lymphocytes expressing IL-6 when compared to healthy volunteers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epilepsy is the third most common chronic brain disorder. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a major and severe form of epilepsy and 30% of the mTLE patients do not respond to conventional medications. Our data suggest that mTLE patients have distinct immunological profiles that are related to disease pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: danielavaladao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniela Valadão
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: rezendevb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vitor Bortolo
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery at Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: costabs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruno Silva
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: fernandomudado@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mudado
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: mschutze@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: kcltorres@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karen Cecília
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: luizamart@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luíza Conceição
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: carlos.moreira@hc.fm.usp.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Moreira-Filho
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: debora.m.miranda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Debora Marques
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: romano-silva@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Romano-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; C508598:IL4 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Drug-resistant; Immune markers; Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy; Surgery