title: Wounding induces changes in cytokinin and auxin content in potato tuber, but does not induce formation of gibberellins.
abstract: Cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin contents in resting and wound-responding potato tubers have not been fully determined and coordinated with wound-healing processes. Using a well-defined wound-healing model system, hormone content and expression of genes associated with hormone turnover were determined in tubers following wounding. Changes in hormone content were coordinated with: (I) formation and completion of the wound closing layer (0-5/6 days), and (II) initiation of phellogen and wound periderm formation (∼ 7 days). Quantifiable amounts of biologically active cytokinins (Z, DZ and IP) were not detected in resting or wound-responding tubers. However, the precursor IPA and catabolic product c-ZOG were found in small amounts in resting and wound-responding tubers. Wound-induced activation of cytokinin biosynthesis was suggested by an increase in t-ZR and c-ZR content at 0.5 days and large increases in IPA and c-ZR content by 3 days and throughout 7 days after wounding suggesting roles in II, but little or no role in I. Expression of key genes involved in cytokinin metabolism followed similar profiles with transcripts decreasing through 3 days and then increasing at 5-7 days after wounding. Both free IAA and IAA-Asp were present in resting tubers. While IAA-Asp was no longer present by 3 days after wounding, IAA content nearly doubled by 5 days and was more than 4-fold greater at 7 days compared to that in resting tuber (0 day) suggesting roles in II, but little or no role in I. Gibberellins were not present in quantifiable amounts in resting or wound-responding tubers. These results suggest that bio-active cytokinins are wound-induced, but their residency is temporal and highly regulated. The transient presence of active cytokinins and corresponding increases in IAA content strongly suggest their involvement in the regulation of wound periderm development. The absence of gibberellins indicates that they are not a regulatory component of wound-healing processes.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sugarbeet and Potato Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, United States. Electronic address: ed.lulai@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lulai
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sugarbeet and Potato Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Suttle
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sugarbeet and Potato Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, United States.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sugarbeet and Potato Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sugarbeet and Potato Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, United States.
authors.forename: Larry G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, P-1 Prischak Building, 4205 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563-0203, United States.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000378:metabolism*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D005875:Gibberellins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C019984:cytokinin oxidase
keywords: Auxin; Cytokinin; Gibberellin; Wound closing-layer; Wound periderm