title: Use of chondral fragments for one stage cartilage repair: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the state of the art regarding Cartilage Autograft Implantation System (CAIS) or Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage (PJAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors searched the English literature regarding CAIS and PJAC. The search strategy was: (particulated cartilage) OR autologous cartilage fragments. All basic science articles were included. Clinical articles with less than 10 patients treated and less than 6 mo of follow-up were excluded. With these criteria, a total of 17 articles were available for the present review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PJAC and CAIS are relatively novel techniques for cartilage repair. Good basic science evidence was described to support the concept. Although the preliminary clinical reports show encouraging results, clinical data are still limited, especially for CAIS. The indications for both techniques need to be precisely defined (age of the patients, size of the lesion, and involvement of the subchondral bone), together with other debated issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the authors can state that encouraging preliminary results are available for both techniques. However, further studies are necessary to precisely determine the indications, surgical techniques, and long term outcomes for PJAC and CAIS.
authors.affiliation: Davide Edoardo Bonasia, Antongiulio Marmotti, Federica Rosso, Gianluca Collo, Roberto Rossi, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, AO Mauriziano "Umberto I" Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide Edoardo
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bonasia
authors.affiliation: Davide Edoardo Bonasia, Antongiulio Marmotti, Federica Rosso, Gianluca Collo, Roberto Rossi, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, AO Mauriziano "Umberto I" Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Antongiulio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marmotti
authors.affiliation: Davide Edoardo Bonasia, Antongiulio Marmotti, Federica Rosso, Gianluca Collo, Roberto Rossi, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, AO Mauriziano "Umberto I" Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.affiliation: Davide Edoardo Bonasia, Antongiulio Marmotti, Federica Rosso, Gianluca Collo, Roberto Rossi, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, AO Mauriziano "Umberto I" Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collo
authors.affiliation: Davide Edoardo Bonasia, Antongiulio Marmotti, Federica Rosso, Gianluca Collo, Roberto Rossi, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, AO Mauriziano "Umberto I" Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
keywords: Adult; Cartilage; Chondral fragments; Juvenile; Particulated cartilage