title: Optimising Drug Solubilisation in Amorphous Polymer Dispersions: Rational Selection of Hot-melt Extrusion Processing Parameters.
abstract: The aim of this article was to construct a T-ϕ phase diagram for a model drug (FD) and amorphous polymer (Eudragit® EPO) and to use this information to understand the impact of how temperature-composition coordinates influenced the final properties of the extrudate. Defining process boundaries and understanding drug solubility in polymeric carriers is of utmost importance and will help in the successful manufacture of new delivery platforms for BCS class II drugs. Physically mixed felodipine (FD)-Eudragit(®) EPO (EPO) binary mixtures with pre-determined weight fractions were analysed using DSC to measure the endset of melting and glass transition temperature. Extrudates of 10 wt% FD-EPO were processed using temperatures (110°C, 126°C, 140°C and 150°C) selected from the temperature-composition (T-ϕ) phase diagrams and processing screw speed of 20, 100 and 200rpm. Extrudates were characterised using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), optical, polarised light and Raman microscopy. To ensure formation of a binary amorphous drug dispersion (ADD) at a specific composition, HME processing temperatures should at least be equal to, or exceed, the corresponding temperature value on the liquid-solid curve in a F-H T-ϕ phase diagram. If extruded between the spinodal and liquid-solid curve, the lack of thermodynamic forces to attain complete drug amorphisation may be compensated for through the use of an increased screw speed. Constructing F-H T-ϕ phase diagrams are valuable not only in the understanding drug-polymer miscibility behaviour but also in rationalising the selection of important processing parameters for HME to ensure miscibility of drug and polymer.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK. g.andrews@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gavin P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D015736:Felodipine / Q000737:chemistry; D005615:Freezing; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013816:Thermodynamics; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C518398:Eudragit E PO; D015736:Felodipine
keywords: DSC; Flory–Huggins theory; hot-melt extrusion; thermal processing