title: Liver Malignancies Treated With Intra-Arterial Therapy: Assessment of Early Response as Quantified by Volumetric Enhancement Using Gadoxetate Disodium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of volumetric contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using gadoxetate disodium in early assessment of treatment response after intra-arterial therapy (IAT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 21 patients (32 malignant lesions) who underwent MRI using gadoxetate disodium before and early after IAT. Two reviewers reported response by anatomic criteria including Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST), Modified RECIST (mRECIST), and European Association for the Study of Liver Disease and functional criteria including volumetric enhancement in hepatic arterial phase and portal venous phase. Treatment end point was RECIST at 6 months. A 2-sample paired t test was used to compare the mean changes after IAT. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responders by RECIST at 6 months did not fulfill partial response by conventional criteria at 1 month, except for mRECIST by reader 2. The mRECIST and European Association for the Study of Liver Disease could not be assessed in a total of 4 and 3 lesions for readers 1 and 2, respectively. However, volumetric measurements were obtained in all lesions and the changes were statistically significant at 1 month for hepatic arterial phase (P = 0.02 and P = 0.008) and portal venous phase (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001), as assessed by both readers, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volumetric contrast-enhanced MRI using gadoxetate disodium may be a helpful tool to evaluate early treatment response after IAT in malignant liver tumors.
authors.affiliation: From the *The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD; and †Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunmiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sobhani
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corona-Villalobos
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pozzessere
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rastegar
authors.forename: Ihab R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Kamel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA