title: Analgesic effects of nefopam in patients undergoing bimaxillary osteotomy: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many studies have examined the postoperative analgesic effects of nefopam in various settings. However, although nefopam is expected to be useful in bimaxillary osteotomy, no published data are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided 42 patients into nefopam [n = 21, nefopam 20 mg intravenous (i.v.) 30 min before surgery, followed by an i.v. infusion (5 mg/h) beginning immediately postoperatively for 24 h] and control [n = 21, normal saline] groups. Then we compared the analgesic efficacy, side effects, and degree of patient satisfaction with postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain was lower in the nefopam group than in the controls in the recovery room [4.6 (3.0-6.0) vs. 6.0 (5.5-7.0), median (interquartile range), P = 0.002] and on the ward. Fewer patients in the nefopam group required rescue analgesics, and the degree of patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the nefopam group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in other side effects between the groups. However, the control group showed more sedation 1 h postoperatively (P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nefopam is an effective analgesic in bimaxillary osteotomy in that it can reduce the use of opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, thereby reducing the side effects of conventional analgesics. (
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 01461031)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: huejung@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hue Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jupark@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Je Uk
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yoo.astro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Woojoo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: anemoon@naver.com.
authors.forename: Young Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009340:Nefopam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D009340:Nefopam
keywords: Bimaxillary osteotomy; NSAIDs; Nefopam; Opioid; Sedation