title: WHO analgesic ladder: a good concept gone astray.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA jcb12@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalso
authors.affiliation: Pain Clinic, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stannard
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics