title: Design Study of an Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Interface for GC-MS.
abstract: This contribution reports on the development of an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source interfacing a gas chromatograph (GC) with a bench-top Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometer (MS). We present efforts on method development aiming at high temperature stability (325°C), constant low impurity levels upon prolonged source operation, and efficient reaction volume irradiation combined with minimum peak broadening. The performance throughout each iterative development step was carefully assessed. The final GC-APPI-MS setup demonstrated femtogram-on-column sensitivity and chromatographic peaks of Gaussian shape with base peak widths <2 s for even the highest boiling compounds present in different EPA standard mixtures. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
authors.affiliation: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauß Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany. hkersten@uni-wuppertal.de.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.affiliation: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauß Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.affiliation: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauß Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haberer
authors.affiliation: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauß Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.affiliation: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauß Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benter
authors.affiliation: ThermoFisher Scientific, Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: ThermoFisher Scientific, Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makarov
keywords: APPI; GC-MS; Ion source development