title: Effects on indicators of tissue perfusion in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane at two multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of isoflurane anesthesia administered at 2 multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) on tissue perfusion in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 healthy young adult Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized crossover design was used. Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane at 1.5 or 2.0 times the MAC for 2 hours, a 7-day washout period was provided, and dogs were reanesthetized with the alternate treatment. Various physiologic variables were monitored before anesthesia (baseline), at 20-minute intervals during anesthesia, and after anesthetic recovery. Variable values were compared between MAC multiples by means of repeated-measures ANOVA, with the Tukey test used for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During anesthesia, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and mixed venous oxygen saturation were significantly greater when isoflurane was administered at 1.5 versus 2.0 times the MAC. Cardiac output gradually increased during anesthesia at 1.5 times but not at 2.0 times the MAC. Arterial blood lactate concentration did not differ between MAC multiples at any point; however, this concentration decreased with increasing anesthetic duration at both MAC multiples. Oxygen delivery differed between MAC multiples, and oxygen consumption differed from baseline during anesthesia at 2.0 times the MAC. Oxygen extraction was higher at 2.0 versus 1.5 times the MAC. Heart rate differed between MAC multiples only after anesthetic recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflurane anesthesia impaired tissue perfusion in dogs, but these changes would not be clinically relevant with oxygen delivery at 100%. Peripheral tissue perfusion was maintained or improved with time.
authors.forename: Beatriz P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Floriano
authors.forename: Juliana T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wagatsuma
authors.forename: Joana Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Caio J X
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Abimussi
authors.forename: Thais M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Menegheti
authors.forename: Paulo S P
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Valéria N L S
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Oliva
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001831:Body Temperature; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D015415:Biomarkers; D007773:Lactates; D007530:Isoflurane; D010100:Oxygen