title: Textile industrial effluent induces mutagenicity and oxidative DNA damage and exploits oxidative stress biomarkers in rats.
abstract: Exposure to complex mixtures like textile effluent poses risks to animal and human health such as mutations, genotoxicity and oxidative damage. Aim of the present study was to quantify metals in industrial effluent and to determine its mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic potential and effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in effluent exposed rats. Metal analysis revealed presence of high amounts of zinc, copper, chromium, iron, arsenic and mercury in industrial effluent. Ames test with/without enzyme activation and MTT assay showed strong association of industrial effluent with mutagenicity and cytotoxicity respectively. In-vitro comet assay revealed evidence of high oxidative DNA damage. When Wistar rats were exposed to industrial effluent in different dilutions for 60 days, then activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase and hydrogen peroxide concentration were found to be significantly lower in kidney, liver and blood/plasma of effluent exposed rats than control. Vitamin C in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day significantly reduced oxidative effects of effluent in rats. On the basis of this study it is concluded that industrial effluent may cause mutagenicity, in-vitro oxidative stress-related DNA damage and cytotoxicity and may be associated with oxidative stress in rats. Vitamin C may have ameliorating effect when exposed to effluent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan. Electronic address: furqan.pharmacist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Furqan
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aftab Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aqeel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Javeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ammara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013784:Textiles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Oxidative stress; Textile industrial effluent; Vitamin C