title: Protective and Vulnerability Factors Contributing to Resilience in Post-9/11 Veterans With Service-Related Injuries in Postsecondary Education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in psychosocial protective factors (social support, meaningful occupation, and academic self-efficacy) and health-related vulnerability factors (posttraumatic stress, depression, and somatic symptoms) contributing to resilience in post-9/11 veterans with service-related injuries and nonveterans in postsecondary education.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, matched-participants design using propensity score matching was used to test differences in mean levels of protective and vulnerability factors between injured veterans (n = 26) and nonveterans (n = 19); zero-order correlations explored relationships among study variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The veteran sample demonstrated lower levels of psychosocial protective factors and higher levels of health-related vulnerability factors compared with nonveterans (|0.49| to |1.56|). Psychosocial protective factors were consistently negatively associated with health-related vulnerability factors (-.27 to -.63).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-9/11 veterans with service-related injuries are at a substantial disadvantage in terms of resilience; lower protective factors and elevated vulnerability factors may increase their risk for poor campus integration and impede academic achievement.
authors.affiliation: Aaron M. Eakman, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor and Director of Research, New Start for Student Veterans, Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; aaron.eakman@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eakman
authors.affiliation: Catherine Schelly, MEd, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Assistant Professor and Director, New Start for Student Veterans, Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schelly
authors.affiliation: Kimberly L. Henry, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and the Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D057216:Propensity Score; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D000067398:War-Related Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D055815:Young Adult