title: Penicillium chrysogenum DSOA associated with marine sponge (Tedania anhelans) exhibit antimycobacterial activity.
abstract: A strain of Penicillium chrysogenum was isolated from Tedania anhelans (marine sponge) collected from Indian Ocean (8°22'30″N latitude and 76°59'16″ longitude) and deposited in culture collection centers. The strain subjected to different culture conditions for production of extrolites were extracted using ethyl acetate and chloroform. When both extracts were subjected for antibacterial activity, latter had high activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration of chloroform extract ranged from 31.25-1000 μg/mL in tested microbes such as, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium vaccae, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae. No cytotoxicity was observed in Vero cell line up to 399.10 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity previously reported by Parameswaran et al. in 1997 from ethyl acetate extract of T. anhelans might be due to the diketopiperazines, Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) and Cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro) produced by the associated fungi-P. chrysogenum DSOA. It is producing a metabolites having antimycobacterial activity, a first report.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
authors.forename: Amarendra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visamsetti
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Genetic Engineering Lab, ASK302, Anusandhan Kendra, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India. Electronic address: santhosh@biotech.sastra.edu.
authors.forename: Santhosh Sarojini
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
authors.forename: Dhevendaran
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kandasamy
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D054659:Diketopiperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D019156:Indian Ocean; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000187:drug effects; D019907:Mycobacterium fortuitum / Q000187:drug effects; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000187:drug effects; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011161:Porifera / Q000382:microbiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000187:drug effects; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054659:Diketopiperazines; C007650:ethyl acetate; D002725:Chloroform
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Diketopiperazines; Mycobacterium; Penicillium; Tedania anhelans