title: Genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF family in Musa species reveals divergence and neofunctionalisation during evolution.
abstract: AP2/ERF domain containing transcription factor super family is one of the important regulators in the plant kingdom. The involvement of AP2/ERF family members has been elucidated in various processes associated with plant growth, development as well as in response to hormones, biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we carried out genome-wide analysis to identify members of AP2/ERF family in Musa acuminata (A genome) and Musa balbisiana (B genome) and changes leading to neofunctionalisation of genes. Analysis identified 265 and 318 AP2/ERF encoding genes in M. acuminata and M. balbisiana respectively which were further classified into ERF, DREB, AP2, RAV and Soloist groups. Comparative analysis indicated that AP2/ERF family has undergone duplication, loss and divergence during evolution and speciation of the Musa A and B genomes. We identified nine genes which are up-regulated during fruit ripening and might be components of the regulatory machinery operating during ethylene-dependent ripening in banana. Tissue-specific expression analysis of the genes suggests that different regulatory mechanisms might be involved in peel and pulp ripening process through recruiting specific ERFs in these tissues. Analysis also suggests that MaRAV-6 and MaERF026 have structurally diverged from their M. balbisiana counterparts and have attained new functions during ripening.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, INDIA.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India.
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lakhwani
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, INDIA.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, INDIA.
authors.forename: Yogeshwar Vikram
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, INDIA.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India.
authors.forename: Sumit Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, INDIA.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India.
authors.forename: Prabodh Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, INDIA.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India.
authors.forename: Mehar Hasan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Asif
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D008958:Models, Molecular; D005810:Multigene Family; D028521:Musa / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011487:Protein Conformation; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D020218:Response Elements; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; C036216:ethylene