title: Parental migration patterns and risk of depression and anxiety disorder among rural children aged 10-18 years in China: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety in left-behind children, and to identify patterns of parents' migration and relative factors associated with depression and anxiety risk in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey using a school-based sample was conducted in Puyang, Hebei, North China in December 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  2283 students aged 10-18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parental migration status, depression and anxiety disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  61.2% of participants were left-behind children. The prevalence rate of depression among left-behind children with both parents migrating (14.2%) was higher than that of children with one parent migrating (11.7%) and no parent migrating (12.6%). The prevalence rate of anxiety disorder for children with no parent migrating (25.1%) was higher than that for children living with one or neither parent (22.2% and 22.0%). The risk factors for depression were low-level social support (OR=3.46, 95% CI 2.00 to 6.01), average academic performance (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.3) and low academic performance (OR=3.01, 95% CI 1.92 to 4.72), staying up late (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.39), having difficulty falling asleep (OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.82) and being an only child (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.89). The factors associated with anxiety disorder were being female (OR=2.09, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.66), being in high school (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.36), physical abuse (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.15), having difficulty falling asleep (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.10) and low-level social support (OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.28) and middle-level social support (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents' migration was not associated with depression and anxiety in rural children aged 10-18 years, but academic performance at school, sleep problems and lack of social support were associated with depression and anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zenzen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Youjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yukai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Colorado Injury Control Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Lorann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stallones
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; MENTAL HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH