title: Cancer stem cells and signaling pathways in radioresistance.
abstract: Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the most important strategies in cancer treatment. Radioresistance (the failure to RT) results in locoregional recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, it is critically important to investigate the mechanisms leading to cancer radioresistance to overcome this problem and increase patients' survival. Currently, the majority of the radioresistance-associated researches have focused on preclinical studies. Although the exact mechanisms of cancer radioresistance have not been fully uncovered, accumulating evidence supports that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and different signaling pathways play important roles in regulating radiation response and radioresistance. Therefore, targeting CSCs or signaling pathway proteins may hold promise for developing novel combination modalities and overcoming radioresistance. The present review focuses on the key evidence of CSC markers and several important signaling pathways in cancer radioresistance and explores innovative approaches for future radiation treatment.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jingli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Junli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malouf
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gillatt
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.|St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects*
keywords: CSC; cancer; radioresistance; radiotherapy; signaling pathway