title: Fetal Aortic Arch Anomalies: Key Sonographic Views for Their Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Implications Using the Cardiovascular System Sonographic Evaluation Protocol.
abstract: Aortic arch anomalies are present in 1% to 2% of the general population and are commonly associated with congenital heart disease, chromosomal defects, and tracheaesophageal compression in postnatal life. The sonographically based detection of aortic arch anomalies lies in the 3-vessel and trachea view. Although highly sensitive, this view alone does not allow identification of the aortic arch branching pattern, which prevents an accurate diagnosis. The systematic addition of a subclavian artery view as part of a standardized procedure may be useful in the differential diagnosis of these conditions. We describe the sonographic assessment of fetal aortic arch anomalies by combining 2 fetal transverse views: the 3-vessel and trachea view and the subclavian artery view, which are included in the cardiovascular system sonographic evaluation protocol. We also review the sonographic findings and the clinical implications of fetal aortic arch anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.B.A., F.G., R.P., J.D.L.-L.) and Pediatric Cardiology (T.Á.), Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (C.B.A.).
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.B.A., F.G., R.P., J.D.L.-L.) and Pediatric Cardiology (T.Á.), Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (C.B.A.).
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gámez
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.B.A., F.G., R.P., J.D.L.-L.) and Pediatric Cardiology (T.Á.), Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (C.B.A.).
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.B.A., F.G., R.P., J.D.L.-L.) and Pediatric Cardiology (T.Á.), Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (C.B.A.).
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.B.A., F.G., R.P., J.D.L.-L.) and Pediatric Cardiology (T.Á.), Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (C.B.A.). jdeleonluis@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De León-Luis
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
keywords: 3-vessel and trachea view; aberrant subclavian artery; aortic arch anomalies; double aortic arch; echocardiography; prenatal diagnosis; right aortic arch; subclavian artery view