title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Fabry disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.
abstract: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a frequently reported and not well-understood symptom in patients with Fabry disease (FD). Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a possible factor. As deposition of glycosphingolipids in the upper airway muscles is likely, we hypothesized that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent in FD and positively associated with its severity.All patients with FD who are followed in the Fabry cohort of the University Hospital Zurich (n = 62) were asked to participate in this prospective cohort study. Eligible patients were prospectively investigated by assessing their daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the severity of FD using the Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI), and by an ambulatory overnight respiratory polygraphy between November 1, 2013, and January 31, 2015. SDB was defined as an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) of > 5/h.Fifty-two patients (mean ± SD age 42.8 ± 14.7 years, 33% men, mean ± SD BMI 23.4 ± 3.6 kg/m) with a median (IQR) MSSI of 12 (5-19) were included. Median (IQR) ESS was 6 (2-10) and 7 patients (14%) had an ESS > 10. Thirteen patients (25%) had SDB (78% obstructive sleep apnea, 22% central sleep apnea). In the multivariable analysis, the age was the only statistically significant predictor of SDB (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.18, P = 0.001). ESS was associated with depression (P < 0.001) but not AHI nor age.This study shows that SDB, especially obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with Fabry disease. However, EDS in FD seems to be related with depression rather than SDB.ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01947634).
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse, Zurich (DF, NG, DJB, AW, TG, NAS, CFC, MK); and Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Linth, Gasterstrasse, Uznach, Switzerland (PAK).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bratton
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wons
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaisl
authors.forename: Noriane A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sievi
authors.forename: Christian F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Clarenbach
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: Pierre A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Krayenbühl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000795:Fabry Disease / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology