title: Higher serum betatrophin level in type 2 diabetes subjects is associated with urinary albumin excretion and renal function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Betatrophin is a newly identified liver-derived hormone that is associated with glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Although dysregulated lipid metabolism results in diabetic nephropathy (DN) development in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it is not understood whether betatrophin is associated with urinary albumin excretion and renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), 109 T2DM patients were divided into normoalbuminuria (ACR <30 mg/g), microalbuminuria (ACR between 30 and 300 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria (ACR > 300 mg/g). Serum betatrophin levels of 109 T2DM patients and 32 healthy subjects were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum level of betatrophin was significantly increased in T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria as compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Serum betatrophin level was positively correlated with sex, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), ACR, and triglyceride, whereas it was inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis showed the betatrophin was significantly and positively independent with triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.05), whereas it was inversely independent with eGFR, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). In addition, the betatrophin had higher odds of having DN [odds ratio (OR) = 5.65, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.17-14.57, P < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betatrophin is significantly increased in T2DM patients with different stages of albuminuria. Betatrophin may be a novel endocrine regulator involved in DN development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Chiang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Susanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Han
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ta-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. chihhong@nctu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000091306:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C576683:ANGPTL8 protein, human; D000091306:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D014280:Triglycerides