title: NDH-1 and NDH-2 Plastoquinone Reductases in Oxygenic Photosynthesis.
abstract: Oxygenic photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy in the chloroplasts of plants and microalgae as well as in prokaryotic cyanobacteria using a complex machinery composed of two photosystems and both membrane-bound and soluble electron carriers. In addition to the major photosynthetic complexes photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome b6f, and photosystem I (PSI), chloroplasts also contain minor components, including a well-conserved type I NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-1) complex that functions in close relationship with photosynthesis and likewise originated from the endosymbiotic cyanobacterial ancestor. Some plants and many microalgal species have lost plastidial ndh genes and a functional NDH-1 complex during evolution, and studies have suggested that a plastidial type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) complex substitutes for the electron transport activity of NDH-1. However, although NDH-1 was initially thought to use NAD(P)H as an electron donor, recent research has demonstrated that both chloroplast and cyanobacterial NDH-1s oxidize reduced ferredoxin. We discuss more recent findings related to the biochemical composition and activity of NDH-1 and NDH-2 in relation to the physiology and regulation of photosynthesis, particularly focusing on their roles in cyclic electron flow around PSI, chlororespiration, and acclimation to changing environments.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, CEA Cadarache, 13018 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France; email: gilles.peltier@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; email: evaaro@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Eva-Mari
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; email: shikanai@pmg.bot.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shikanai
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D019069:Cell Respiration; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D005288:Ferredoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005288:Ferredoxins; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; C088908:NADH dehydrogenase II; D011808:Quinone Reductases; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: NDH; chloroplast; chlororespiration; cyanobacteria; cyclic electron flow; photosynthesis; respiration