title: [A Meta analysis on the associations between air pollution and respiratory mortality in China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes on respiratory diseases and to estimate the short-term effects of air pollutions [Particulate matter with particle size below 10 microns (PM(10)), PM(10) particulate matter with particle size below 2.5 microns (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and ozone (O₃)] on respiratory mortality in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data related to the epidemiological studies on the associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes of respiratory diseases that published from 1989 through 2014 in China, were collected by systematically searching databases of PubMed, SpringerLink, Embase, Medline, CNKI, CBM and VIP in different provinces of China. Short-term effects between (PM(10), PM(2.5), NO₂, SO₂, O₃) and respiratory mortality were analyzed by Meta-analysis method, and estimations were pooled by random or fixed effect models, using the Stata 12.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 157 papers related to the associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes of respiratory diseases in China were published, which covered 79.4% of all the provinces in China. Results from the Meta-analysis showed that a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM10, PM(2.5), NO₂, SO₂, and O₃was associated with mortality rates as 0.50% (95% CI: 0-0.90%), 0.50% (95% CI: 0.30%-0.70%), 1.39% (95% CI: 0.90%-1.78%), 1.00% (95% CI: 0.40%-1.59%) and 0.10% (95% CI: -1.21%-1.39%) in respiratory tracts, respectively. No publication bias was found among these studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There seemed positive associations existed between PM(10)/PM(2.5)/NO₂/SO₂and respiratory mortality in China that the relationship called for further attention on air pollution and adverse health outcomes of the respiratory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Changjing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Zhizhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Zhaorui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Changbao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Danbing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China; Email: shn_nie@sina.com.
authors.forename: Shinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide