title: Development of a situational initiation training program for preceptors to retain new graduate nurses: Process and initial outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most preceptor training programs consist of classroom-based courses, and only a few programs are conducted using films. Preceptors have identified most training courses as inapplicable in various clinical situations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the systematic development of a situational initiation training program (SITP) for preceptors and to evaluate its impacts on the stress levels of preceptors and new graduate nurses (NGNs), the preceptor-NGN relationship, support provided by preceptors to NGNs, and the intention to leave among NGNs during a 1-year preceptorship.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conceptual framework of development, implementation, and evaluation was used for program completion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preceptors and NGNs working at a teaching medical center in Taipei participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 1-day SITP workshop comprised four films, reflection time, and four classroom-based courses. Training outcomes were evaluated using a questionnaire survey for preceptors and NGNs at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 after employing the NGNs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual turnover rate of NGNs was 10.5%. During the first preceptorship year, the NGNs reported moderate stress levels, good to excellent relationships with their preceptors, moderate to excellent support from their preceptors, and low intention to leave their current jobs. Similarly, preceptors reported moderate stress levels, except at month 12 (mean=4.8), and good to excellent relationships with their NGNs. The SITP considerably improved the preceptor-NGN relationship for both NGNs and preceptors, whereas no improvement was observed in the stress levels, except in the stress levels of preceptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SITP is clinically effective for preceptors; thus, nurse educators may apply the SITP for redesigning the existing preceptor training programs to develop highly skilled preceptors and improve training outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Cathay General Hospital, 280 Renai Rd, Sec.4, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medial University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Electronic address: rmei@cgh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, 60, Erh-Jen RD., Sec. 1, Jen-Te, Tainan 717, Taiwan. Electronic address: htchiu@mail.chna.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medial University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Electronic address: robbinlin@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yen-Kuang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medial University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Electronic address: leslie@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Yin
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004506:Education, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008611:Mentors / Q000523:psychology*; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000379:methods*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Intention to leave; New graduate nurses; Preceptors; Preceptorship; Stress