title: Bond strength evaluation of cyanoacrylate-based adhesives and screws for bone fixation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone graft is a very common procedure that is performed when bone volume needs to be increased before a dental implant. Screws and miniplates are the clinical standards for osteosynthesis. However, some disadvantages for this method have been reported, including artifacts on radiological images, infection, screw loosening, and the need to remove screws that interfere with the dental implants. Bone adhesives are a promising alternative for bone graft surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of two cyanoacrylate-based adhesives and titanium screws for bone graft fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pig jaw samples were cut into rectangular bars (2 × 6 × 20 mm) and bonded with a 5-mm overlap of N-butyl cyanoacrylate and ethyl cyanoacrylate, and 1.5-mm titanium screws were inserted into the center of the contact area. The blocks were fixed on a shear bond strength device that was coupled to a universal testing machine. The maximum force (N) was recorded on a computer and divided by the bonded area (in mm(2)) in order to calculate the bond strength (MPa). The data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The shear bond strengths of the screws were significantly higher than both cyanoacrylate adhesives, which presented statistically similar bond strength means, and have the biomechanical potential to be used for bone fixation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethyl cyanoacrylate is an inexpensive adhesive that has multiple purposes and can be considered as an alternative for bone fixation.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300. Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana de Souza
authors.initials: Jde S
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300. Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Rychuv
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300. Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jessica Vavassori
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300. Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baratto-Filho
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300. Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Castiglia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gonzaga
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300. Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil. melissararaujo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Melissa Rodrigues
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-8223
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Araujo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D004659:Enbucrilate; D004868:Equipment Failure; D013552:Swine; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; C558475:poly(ethylcyanoacrylate); D014025:Titanium; D004659:Enbucrilate
keywords: Bond strength; Bone fixation; Cyanoacrylate; Screw