title: The nematocysts venom of Chrysaora helvola Brandt leads to apoptosis-like cell death accompanied by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
abstract: The present work investigated the effects of the nematocysts venom (NV) from the Chrysaora helvola Brandt (C. helvola) jellyfish on the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, CNE-2. The medium lethal concentration (LC50), quantified by MTT assays, was 1.7 ± 0.53 μg/mL (n = 5). An atypical apoptosis-like cell death was confirmed by LDH release assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining-based flow cytometry. Interestingly, activation of caspase-4 other than caspase-3, -8, -9 and -1 was observed. Moreover, the NV stimuli caused a time-dependent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) as was an intracellular ROS burst. These results indicated that there was uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (UOP). An examination of the intracellular pH value by a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe, BCECF, suggested that the UOP was due to the time-dependent increase in the intracellular pH. This is the first report that jellyfish venom can induce UOP.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Lab of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Medicinal Plants Garden of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530023, China. Electronic address: 239653129@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaosheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
authors.forename: LanLan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Engineering Lab of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Medicinal Plants Garden of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530023, China.
authors.forename: Taozheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Engineering Lab of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Medicinal Plants Garden of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530023, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Engineering Lab of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Medicinal Plants Garden of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530023, China.
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Engineering Lab of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Medicinal Plants Garden of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530023, China.
authors.forename: Hairong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Engineering Lab of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Medicinal Plants Garden of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530023, China.
authors.forename: Danna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangxi Medicinal University, Nanning, 530021, China. Electronic address: shuwei7866@126.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002681:China; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D058894:Nematocyst / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D037401:Scyphozoa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; C031441:sea nettle toxin
keywords: Atypical apoptosis; CNE-2; Caspase-4; Chrysaora helvola Brandt; Mitochondrial transmembrane potential; Nematocysts venom; Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation