title: Mouthguard biosensor with telemetry system for monitoring of saliva glucose: A novel cavitas sensor.
abstract: We develop detachable "Cavitas sensors" to apply to the human oral cavity for non-invasive monitoring of saliva glucose. A salivary biosensor incorporating Pt and Ag/AgCl electrodes on a mouthguard support with an enzyme membrane is developed and tested. Electrodes are formed on the polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) surface of the mouthguard. The Pt working electrode is coated with a glucose oxidase (GOD) membrane. The biosensor seamlessly is integrated with a glucose sensor and a wireless measurement system. When investigating in-vitro performance, the biosensor exhibits a robust relationship between output current and glucose concentration. In artificial saliva composed of salts and proteins, the glucose sensor is capable of highly sensitive detection over a range of 5-1000µmol/L of glucose, which encompasses the range of glucose concentrations found in human saliva. We demonstrate the ability of the sensor and wireless communication module to monitor saliva glucose in a phantom jaw imitating the structure of the human oral cavity. Stable and long-term real-time monitoring (exceeding 5h) with the telemetry system is achieved. The mouthguard biosensor will be useful as a novel method for real-time non-invasive saliva glucose monitoring for better management of dental patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chouhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekita
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minakuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan. Electronic address: m.bdi@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsubayashi
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013686:Telemetry
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; C475920:polyethylene terephthalate glycol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Biosensor; Glucose; Glucose oxidase; Mouthguard; Oral cavity; Saliva glucose