title: Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of nivalenol in broiler chickens.
abstract: Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene mycotoxin, is mainly produced by the fungi of Fusarium genus, which naturally occurs in agricultural commodities. Consumers are particularly concerned over the toxicity and safety of NIV in food animal products. To evaluate the toxicokinetics and persistence of residues of NIV, NIV was administered intravenously (iv) or orally (po) to broiler chickens at a dosage of 0.8 mg/kg body weight. The concentration of NIV in the plasma and various tissues was detected using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. The plasma concentration of NIV in broilers could be measured up to 24 h and 12 h after iv and po administration, respectively. The value of elimination half-life of NIV was 5.27 ± 0.82 h and 2.51 ± 0.88 h after iv and po administration, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailability was 3.98 ± 0.08%. NIV was detected in the intestine, kidney, muscle, heart and liver after po administration. Regarding tissue residues, largest quantities of NIV were found in the small intestine. These results suggest that NIV is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with low bioavailability and it has the ability to diffuse into various tissues of broilers.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, KamphaengSaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jutamart
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kongkapan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, (lato monte), San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Saranya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poapolathep
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isariyodom
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, KamphaengSaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Electronic address: fvetamp@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Amnart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poapolathep
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; C038405:nivalenol
keywords: Broiler chickens; Nivalenol; Residues; Toxicokinetics