title: Day care versus inpatient management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: cost utility analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the comparative cost effectiveness of day care over inpatient management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost utility analysis was performed using a decision analytical model in which a Markov model was constructed. The Markov model was primarily populated with data from a recently published randomised controlled trial. Which included pregnant women presenting to Cork University Maternity Hospital, a tertiary referral maternity hospital, seeking treatment for NVP. Costs and outcomes were estimated from the perspective of the Irish health service (HSE) and patients. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis, using a Monte Carlo simulation, was also performed. A Bayesian Value of Information analysis was used to estimate the value of collecting additional information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When both the healthcare provider and patient's perspective was considered, day care management of NVP remained less costly (mean €985; 95% C.I. 705-1456 vs. €3837 (2124-8466)) and more effective (9.42; 4.19-12.25 vs. 9.49; 4.32-12.39 quality adjusted life years) compared with inpatient management. The Cost Effectiveness Acceptability Curve indicates the probability that day care management is 70% more cost effective compared to inpatient management at a ceiling ratio of €45,000 per QALY, indicating little decision uncertainty. The Bayesian Value of Information analysis indicates there is value in collecting further information; the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) is estimated to be €5.4 million.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Day care management of NVP is cost effective compared to inpatient management.
authors.affiliation: School of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: aileen.murphy@ucc.ie.
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland; Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre KHP, 10th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fergus P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: School of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.affiliation: Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khashan
authors.affiliation: Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spillane
authors.affiliation: Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Zibi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marchocki
authors.affiliation: Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Rupak K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003631:Day Care, Medical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D007494:Ireland; D008390:Markov Chains; D048968:Morning Sickness / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D009325:Nausea / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D014839:Vomiting / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Cost utility analysis; Day care management; Economic evaluation; Hyperemesis gravidarum; Markov model