title: Diagnostic Values of Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Cancer Antigen 125 Levels in Nipple Discharge.
abstract: An expedient and cost-effective diagnostic tool is needed to complement galactography and exfoliative cytology for detection of benign or malignant breast diseases with nipple discharge. The aim of this prospective study is to explore the utility of carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 15-3 and cancer antigen 125 levels in nipple discharge for the diagnosis of various breast diseases. We evaluated the pre-operative tumor marker levels in 153 nipple discharge samples collected from one or both breasts of 142 women undergoing surgery. Patients with nipple discharge underwent auxiliary examination (ultrasonography, exfoliative cytology, ductoscopy and galactography). Statistically higher levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 15-3 were found in patients in the malignant group as compared to those in the benign group. No statistically significant difference in the level of cancer antigen 125 (P = 0.895). Sensitivities of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 15-3 for diagnosing breast cancer were 74.42% and 58.14%, and specificities were 87.27% and 80.00% where as the cutoff values with max-sum of sensitivity and specificity were 224.3 ng/ml and 1368.2 U/ml, respectively. The following sensitivities for telling malignant from benign could be determined: exfoliative cytology 46.67%, ultrasonography 76.74%, galactography 75.00%, and ductoscopy 0%. Exfoliative cytology was found to be a valuable alternative method for differentiating benign from malignancy. Thus, tumor marker analysis of nipple discharge fluid for carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 15-3 would enhance the accurate assessment and treatment planning for patients with nipple discharge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D000071936:Nipple Discharge / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D018396:Mucin-1