title: Associations of Physical Activity, Sports Participation and Active Commuting on Mathematic Performance and Inhibitory Control in Adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine objectively measured physical activity level, organized sports participation and active commuting to school in relation to mathematic performance and inhibitory control in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was cross-sectional. A convenient sample of 869 sixth and seventh grade students (12-14 years) was invited to participate in the study. A total of 568 students fulfilled the inclusion criteria and comprised the final sample for this study. Mathematic performance was assessed by a customized test and inhibitory control was assessed by a modified Eriksen flanker task. Physical activity was assessed with GT3X and GT3X+ accelerometers presented in sex-specific quartiles of mean counts per minute and mean minutes per day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Active commuting and sports participation was self-reported. Mixed model regression was applied. Total physical activity level was stratified by bicycling status in order to bypass measurement error subject to the accelerometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-cyclists in the 2nd quartile of counts per minute displayed a higher mathematic score, so did cyclists in the 2nd and 3rd quartile of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity relative to the least active quartile. Non-cyclists in the 3rd quartile of counts per minute had an improved reaction time and cyclists in the 2nd quartile of counts per minute and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity displayed an improved accuracy, whereas non-cyclists in the 2nd quartile of counts per minute showed an inferior accuracy relative to the least active quartile. Bicycling to school and organized sports participation were positively associated with mathematic performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sports participation and bicycling were positively associated with mathematic performance. Results regarding objectively measured physical activity were mixed. Although, no linear nor dose-response relationship was observed there was no indication of a higher activity level impairing the scholastic or cognitive performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Division of Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sidsel L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Domazet
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Division of Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tarp
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Division of Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Division of Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Kær
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gejl
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Division of Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Division of Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Froberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Division of Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bugge
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000886:Anthropometry; D001642:Bicycling; D062408:Breakfast; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D013177:Sports; D014186:Transportation; D018910:Video Games