title: Elevated serum complement factors 3 and 4 are strong inflammatory markers of the metabolic syndrome development: a longitudinal cohort study.
abstract: An epidemiological design, consisting of cross-sectional (n = 2376) and cohort (n = 976) studies, was adopted to investigate the association between complement factors 3 (C3) and 4, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. In the cross-sectional study, the C3 and C4 concentrations in the MetS group were higher than those in the non-MetS group (all P < 0.001), and the levels of immune globulin M (IgM), IgA, IgE, and IgG exhibited no significant differences between MetS and non-MetS (all P > 0.050). After multi-factor adjustment, the odds ratios (ORs) in the highest quartile of C3 and C4 concentrations were 7.047 (4.664, 10.648) and 1.961 (1.349, 2.849), respectively, both P trend < 0.050. After a 4 years follow-up, total 166 subjects were diagnosed with MetS, and the complement baseline levels from 2009 were used to predict the MetS risk in 2013. In the adjusted model, the relative risks (RRs) in the highest quartile of C3 and C4 levels were 4.779 (2.854, 8.003) and 2.590 (1.567, 4.280), respectively, both P trend < 0.001. Activation of complement factors may be an important part of inflammatory processes, and our results indicated that the elevated C3 and C4 levels were independent risk factors for MetS development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Key Laboratory of genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Zhenfang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning.
authors.forename: DaMin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yuzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yawen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital ofGuangxi Medical University.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi530021, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Department of chemotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Key Laboratory of genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Qiuyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Key Laboratory of genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Key Laboratory of genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Ziting
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Key Laboratory of genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Xinggu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Key Laboratory of genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi530021, China.
authors.forename: Zengnan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.|Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D018836:Inflammation Mediators