title: Frequency of hepatitis E and Hepatitis A virus in water sample collected from Faisalabad, Pakistan.
abstract: Hepatitis E and Hepatitis A virus both are highly prevalent in Pakistan mainly present as a sporadic disease. The aim of the current study is to isolate and characterized the specific genotype of Hepatitis E virus from water bodies of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Drinking and sewage samples were qualitatively analyzed by using RT-PCR. HEV Genotype 1 strain was recovered from sewage water of Faisalabad. Prevalence of HEV and HAV in sewage water propose the possibility of gradual decline in the protection level of the circulated vaccine in the Pakistani population.
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bioscience, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Najam-us-Sahar
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Sadaf Zaidi
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waqas
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Sohail
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Najma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arshad
mesh_terms: D060766:Drinking Water / Q000821:virology*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010154:Pakistan; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D012722:Sewage; D014764:Viral Proteins