title: The ability of quaternary ammonium groups attached to a urethane bandage to inhibit bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in a mouse wound model.
abstract: For proper wound healing, control of bacteria or bacterial infections is of major importance. While caring for a wound, dressing material plays a key role as bacteria can live in the bandage and keep re-infecting the wound. They do this by forming biofilms in the bandage, which slough off planktonic bacteria and overwhelm the host defense. It is thus necessary to develop a wound dressing that will inhibit bacterial growth. This study examines the effectiveness of a polyurethane foam wound dressing bound with polydiallyl-dimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a wound on the back of a mouse. This technology does not allow pDADMAC to leach away from the dressing into the wound, thereby preventing cytotoxic effects. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were chosen for the study to infect the wounds. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are important pathogens in wound infections, while A. baumannii was selected because of its ability to acquire or upregulate antibiotic drug resistance determinants. In addition, two different isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were tested. All the bacteria were measured in the wound dressing and in the wound tissue under the dressing. Using colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, over six logs of inhibition (100%) were found for all the bacterial strains using pDADMAC-treated wound dressing when compared with control-untreated dressing. The CFU assay results obtained with the tissues were significant as there were 4-5 logs of reduction (100%) of the test organism in the tissue of the pDADMAC-covered wound versus that of the control dressing-covered wound. As the pDADMAC cannot leave the dressing (like other antimicrobials), this would imply that the dressing acts as a reservoir for free bacteria from a biofilm and plays a significant role in the development of a wound infection.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Phat L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Abdul N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hamood
authors.affiliation: Viridis BioPharma Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Anselm
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: Quick Med Technologies, Inc., Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liesenfeld
authors.affiliation: Viridis BioPharma Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA.|Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ted W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004123:Dimethylamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D009779:Occlusive Dressings; D014520:Urethane; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004123:Dimethylamines; D014520:Urethane
keywords: Bandage; Biofilm inhibition; Quaternary ammonium polyurethane; pDADMAC-PU