title: Serological survey of avian influenza virus infection in non-avian wildlife in Xinjiang, China.
abstract: We conducted a serological survey to detect antibodies against avian influenza virus (AIV) in Gazella subgutturosa, Canis lupus, Capreolus pygargus, Sus scrofa, Cervus elaphus, Capra ibex, Ovis ammon, Bos grunniens and Pseudois nayaur in Xinjiang, China. Two hundred forty-six sera collected from 2009 to 2013 were assayed for antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 AIVs using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests and a pan-influenza competitive ELISA. Across all tested wildlife species, 4.47 % harbored anti-AIV antibodies that were detected by the HI assay. The seroprevalence for each AIV subtype across all species evaluated was 0 % for H5 AIV, 0.81 % for H7 AIV, and 3.66 % for H9 AIV. H7-reactive antibodies were found in Canis lupus (9.09 %) and Ovis ammon (4.55 %). H9-reactive antibodies were found in Gazella subgutturosa (4.55 %), Canis lupus (27.27 %), Pseudois nayaur (23.08 %), and Ovis ammon (4.55 %). The pan-influenza competitive ELISA results closely corresponded to the cumulative prevalence of AIV exposure as measured by subtype-specific HI assays, suggesting that H7 and H9 AIV subtypes predominate in the wildlife species evaluated. These data provide evidence of prior infection with H7 and H9 AIVs in non-avian wildlife in Xinjiang, China.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.|Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China.|The Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.|Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Guo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ge
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: The Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: The Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Tie-Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Management Office, Forestry Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Gulizhati
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adili
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Kui
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Epidemics and Epidemic Sources Monitoring Center of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
authors.forename: Ayiqiaolifan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaha
authors.affiliation: The Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China. gaoyuwei@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, China. xkysys@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-2820
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China. xiaxzh@cae.cn.|The Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China. xiaxzh@cae.cn.
authors.forename: Xian-Zhu
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies