title: Signal decay mapping of myocardial edema using dual-contrast fast spin-echo MRI.
abstract: To introduce a dual-contrast fast spin-echo (dcFSE) sequence for signal decay mapping of myocardial edema.
  
  
  
  After consultation with the Institutional Review Board, 22 acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T 2 days after revascularization. Edema was evaluated in 16 myocardial segments with an exponential fit for signal decay time (SDT) in dcFSE mapping and T2 signal intensity ratio for single-contrast FSE. Myocardial viability was evaluated in late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). A control group of 10 volunteers was examined for edema imaging. SDT was compared in segment groups: 1) with LGE in MI, 2) penumbra, 3) remote from LGE, 4) controls. Groups 1/3 and 3/4 were tested on difference. Three phantoms providing similar T2 but different T1 relaxation times (low, intermediate, high) were examined with dcFSE and multicontrast spin echo sequence as a reference.
  
  
  
  The SDT/T2 ratio for segment groups was 1) 82msec/1.7 in segments with LGE; 2) 65msec/1.6 for penumbra, 3) 62msec/1.7 for remote segments, and 4) 50msec/1.6 in controls. In dcFSE group 1/3 (P < 0.0001) and in group 3/4 (P = 0.0002) SDT was significantly different. In single-contrast FSE the T2 ratio was not significantly different for both tests: 1/3 P = 0.1889; 3/4 P = 0.8879. T2 -overestimation of dcFSE was 23% in low, 29% in intermediate, and 35% in highly T1 contaminated phantoms.
  
  
  
  dcFSE signal decay edema mapping is feasible in volunteers and patients. DcFSE SDT is superior to T2 ratio for detection of high-grade and diffuse myocardial edema. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:186-193.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1705-8439
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krumm
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martirosian
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zitzelsberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christer Andreas
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard Daniel
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Klumpp
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Meinrad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004489:Edema, Cardiac / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: FSE; T2 mapping; cardiac MRI; edema; fast-spin-echo