title: High Prevalence of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease in Patients With Lumbar Kyphosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and presence of lumbar kyphosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 20 patients with lumbar kyphosis and 31 control subjects. A diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease was made if the Reflux Symptom Index score was ≥13 and if the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease was ≥8, respectively. We compared the prevalence of the two reflux diseases, frequent reflux symptoms, and demographic factors between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in demographic factors between the two groups. Five (25%) of 20 patients with lumbar kyphosis had a Reflux Symptom Index ≥13 compared with one (3.2%) of 31 controls. Seven (35.0%) of 20 patients had a Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ≥8 compared with three (9.7%) of 31 controls. A comparison of the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease showed a significant difference between patients with kyphosis and controls (P value = 0.029 and 0.036, respectively). In Reflux Symptom Index, heartburn, hoarseness, and a swallowing problem were significantly frequent symptoms in the kyphosis group compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease was significantly higher in patients with lumbar kyphosis than in controls. Therefore, otolaryngologists and orthopedic surgeons should be aware that patients with lumbar kyphosis are likely to have gastroesophageal reflux disease and also laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: matuzaki.hiroumi@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sonoda Third Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D057045:Laryngopharyngeal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014041:Tokyo / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; Reflux Symptom Index; gastroesophageal reflux disease; laryngopharyngeal reflux disease; lumbar kyphosis