title: Endoscopic resection of colorectal granular cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of endoscopic resection for the treatment of colorectal granular cell tumors (GCTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study performed at a single institution. From January 2008 to April 2015, we examined a total of 11 lesions in 11 patients who were treated by an endoscopic procedure for colorectal GCTs in the Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Either endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed by three surgeons with expertise in endoscopic treatment. The pre- and post-operative condition and follow-up of these patients were evaluated by colonoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these 11 lesions, 2 were located in the cecum, 3 were in the ileocecal junction, 5 were in the ascending colon, and 1 was in the rectum. The median maximum diameter of the tumors was 0.81 cm (range 0.4-1.2 cm). The en bloc rate was 100%, and the complete resection rate was 90.9% (10/11). Post-operative pathology in one patient showed a tumor at the cauterization margin. However, during ESD, this lesion was removed en bloc, and no tumor tissue was seen in the wound. No perforations or delayed perforations were observed and emergency surgery was not required for complications. All patients were followed up to May 2015, and none had recurrence, metastasis, or complaints of discomfort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic treatment performed by endoscopists with sufficient experience appears to be feasible and effective for colorectal GCTs.
authors.affiliation: Iri Take, Qiang Shi, Zhi-Peng Qi, Shi-Lun Cai, Li-Qing Yao, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Iri
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Take
authors.affiliation: Iri Take, Qiang Shi, Zhi-Peng Qi, Shi-Lun Cai, Li-Qing Yao, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Iri Take, Qiang Shi, Zhi-Peng Qi, Shi-Lun Cai, Li-Qing Yao, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Peng
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Iri Take, Qiang Shi, Zhi-Peng Qi, Shi-Lun Cai, Li-Qing Yao, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Lun
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Iri Take, Qiang Shi, Zhi-Peng Qi, Shi-Lun Cai, Li-Qing Yao, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Li-Qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Iri Take, Qiang Shi, Zhi-Peng Qi, Shi-Lun Cai, Li-Qing Yao, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ping-Hong
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Iri Take, Qiang Shi, Zhi-Peng Qi, Shi-Lun Cai, Li-Qing Yao, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Shi
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002681:China; D003082:Colectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019160:Endosonography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D016586:Granular Cell Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Colorectal; Endoscopic mucosal resection; Endoscopic submucosal dissection; Granular cell tumors