title: The effects of the general anaesthetic isoflurane on the honey bee (Apis mellifera) circadian clock.
abstract: General anaesthesia administered during the day has previously been shown to phase shift the honey bee clock. We describe a phase response curve for honey bees (n=105) to six hour isoflurane anaesthesia. The honey bee isoflurane PRC is "weak" with a delay portion (maximum shift of -1.88 hours, circadian time 0 - 3) but no advance zone. The isoflurane-induced shifts observed here are in direct opposition to those of light. Furthermore, concurrent administration of light and isoflurane abolishes the shifts that occur with isoflurane alone. Light may thus provide a means of reducing isoflurane-induced phase shifts.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Nicola M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ludin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cheeseman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alan F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Merry
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.|b Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand .
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Guy R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Warman
mesh_terms: D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008027:Light; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D018681:Anesthetics, General; D007530:Isoflurane
keywords: Phase response curve; light; non-photic Zeitgeber; phase shift