title: Influence of Endurance Exercise Overloading Patterns on the Levels of Left Ventricular Catechoamines After a Bout of Lactate Threshold Test in Male Wistar Rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that exercise training has positive effect on catecholamine response to a given work load. But in this regard, the effective method of training needs to be studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks endurance exercise with two overloading patterns on the left ventricular catecholamine levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  29 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (n = 9), daily sinusoidal overloading (n = 10) and weekly sinusoidal overloading (n = 10) groups. After the last exercise session, left ventricular blood samples were obtained immediately after lactate threshold test. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured by ELISA method. One way analysis of variance was used for analysis of the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after lactate threshold test, adrenaline level was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in weekly loading group than in control and daily loading groups. Adrenaline was higher in the daily loading group compared with control group but did not reach the significant level. Noradrenaline levels were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between three study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed 8 weeks of endurance exercise with weekly sinusoidal overloading pattern could induce a lower adrenal medulla activity (reflection of physical and physiological improvement) than daily sinusoidal loading pattern in response to the same absolute work load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmani
keywords: Adrenaline; Exercise; Noradrenaline; Wistar Rats