title: The use of mechanical ventilation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the United States: A nationwide retrospective cohort analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mortality of patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) who undergo mechanical ventilation (MV) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, isolating patients with a diagnosis of IPF who underwent MV and NIMV between 2006 and 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 55,208,382 hospitalizations and identified 17,770 patients with IPF, of whom 1703 received MV and 778 received NIMV. Those receiving MV had higher mortality (51.6 vs. 30.9%, p < 0.0001), were younger (66.3 years, SD 12.8 vs. 70.2 years, SD 12.9) and had longer hospital stays (13.3 days, IQR 16 vs. 6.5 days, IQR 7, p < 0.0001), compared to those receiving NIMV. The mortality of IPF patients treated with MV decreased from 58.4% in 2006 to 49.3% in 2012 (p = 0.03). There were 149 (8.7%) patients in the mechanical ventilation group who were also receiving home oxygen therapy. They experienced an overall mortality of 48.1%, which was not significantly different than patients who did not rely on home oxygen (p = 0.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large national cohort, the in-hospital mortality of patients with IPF who are mechanically ventilated is approximately 50%.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 2438, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 2nd Floor, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: bar890@mail.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Barret
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 2438, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 2nd Floor, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: katiewiskar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiskar
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 2438, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 2nd Floor, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: bergerlandon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Landon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 2438, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 2nd Floor, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: donald.griesdale@vch.ca.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Griesdale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Mechanical ventilation; Mortality; Pulmonary fibrosis; United States