title: A novel multiple electrode direct current technique for characterisation of tissue resistance during surgery.
abstract: Electrochemical and electrical characteristics have the potential to help differentiate between, and assess the health state of, different biological tissues. However, measurement and interpretation of these characteristics is non-trivial. We propose a new DC galvanostatic sensing method for application to laparoscopic cancer surgery. This presents a simple and cost-effective measurement coupled with straightforward data interpretation. This paper describes the electrochemical and electrical theory underpinning the technique. Additionally, we describe a measurement system employing this technique and present an investigation into the feasibility of using it for measuring the resistance of different tissue types. Measurements were performed on ex vivo porcine liver, colon and rectum tissues. Outputs were consistent with theory and showed a significant difference between the resistance of the different tissue types, (one-way ANOVA, F(2, 28) = 1369, p <; 0.01). These findings indicate that this novel technique may be viable as a low cost method for the discrimination and health assessment of tissues in clinical scenarios.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jayne
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Culmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D008099:Liver; D013552:Swine