title: Arg354 in the catalytic centre of bovine liver catalase is protected from methylglyoxal-mediated glycation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to controlled post-translational modifications proteins can be modified with highly reactive compounds. Usually this leads to a compromised functionality of the protein. Methylglyoxal is one of the most common agents that attack arginine residues. Methylglyoxal is also regarded as a pro-oxidant that affects cellular redox homeostasis by contributing to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant enzymes like catalase are required to protect the cell from oxidative damage. These enzymes are also targets for methylglyoxal-mediated modification which could severely affect their catalytic activity in breaking down reactive oxygen species to less reactive or inert compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, bovine liver catalase was incubated with high levels of methylglyoxal to induce its glycation. This treatment did not lead to a pronounced reduction of enzymatic activity. Subsequently methylglyoxal-mediated arginine modifications (hydroimidazolone and dihydroxyimidazolidine) were quantitatively analysed by sensitive nano high performance liquid chromatography/electron spray ionisation/tandem mass spectrometry. Whereas several arginine residues displayed low to moderate levels of glycation (e.g., Arg93, Arg365, Arg444) Arg354 in the active centre of catalase was never found to be modified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bovine liver catalase is able to tolerate very high levels of the modifying α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal so that its essential enzymatic function is not impaired.
authors.affiliation: Senckenberg Research Institute, LOEWE Excellence Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany. c.scheckhuber@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christian Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Scheckhuber
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D001120:Arginine; D002374:Catalase