title: The critical roles of miR-21 in anti-cancer effects of curcumin.
abstract: Curcumin is a well-known phytochemical that has various anti-cancer effects. Although it has been demonstrated that curcumin can inhibit multiple signalling pathways, the exact mechanisms for its demonstrated anti-cancer effects are not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed that curcumin may affect cancer initiation and progression through regulating microRNAs (miRs). In this review, we focus on the roles of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in the anti-cancer effects of curcumin and regulatory mechanisms for the effects of curcumin on miR-21. MiR-21 mediates various effects of curcumin on cancer cells including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and anti-cancer drug resistance. Several downstream pathways of miR-21 have been identified including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) and NF-κB pathways. Curcumin decreases miR-21 levels through both increasing miR-21 exosome exclusion from the cells and inhibiting the transcription of the miR-21 gene in the cells by binding to its promoter.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia ; 2 Cancer Institute of Hainan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, China.
authors.forename: Jiezhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia ; 2 Cancer Institute of Hainan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, China.
authors.forename: Tiefeng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia ; 2 Cancer Institute of Hainan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Curcumin; NF-κB; Notch; microRNA-21 (miR-21); phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt); programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4)