title: Antenatal depression: Prevalence and risk factor patterns across the gestational period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of antenatal depression (AD) among pregnant women varies according to the populations under study and the periods of evaluation. This paper investigated patterns of AD prevalence and risk factors in a Brazilian sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using semi-structured interviews as well as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI), 148 pregnant women were assessed in their second and third trimesters. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the prevalence of and the significant risk factors for AD across both trimesters (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of AD using the MINI was 13.5% and 10.1% in the second and third trimester, respectively. Prevalence rates using the symptom scales were even higher. In our bivariate analysis, lifetime major depression was the main AD risk factor (p<0.001), along with the number of sons (p=0.02) and intimate partner abuse (p=0.03). After adjustment for confounding factors, only lifetime major depression (p<0.001) and intimate partner abuse (p=0.02) remained as independent risk factors. There were no statistically significant differences in the AD prevalence rates and risk factors found when comparing across trimesters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study is limited by possible selection bias introduced by the method of recruitment and the number of women lost to follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD prevalence rates found are close to the worldwide rates. Lifetime major depression was the main risk factor for AD in our study.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: tiagocastrocouto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Castro e Couto
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: M Nogueira
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: M Y Martins
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Brancaglion
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: G Coutinho
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology-Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: F Duarte
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology-Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicolato
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Science and Technology-Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: D Marques
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: de Miranda
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology-Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Corrêa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Epidemiology; Pregnancy; Prenatal care; Risk factors