title: Deep tissue targeted near-infrared optogenetic stimulation using fully implantable upconverting light bulbs.
abstract: We demonstrate for the first time, the possibility of targeted optogenetic stimulation of neurons deep into brain tissue (>2 mm) in a minimally-invasive way by sending near-infrared light through tissue to excite passive lanthanide-doped blue-emitting upconverting nanocrystals (UCNPs) encapsulated in Parylene C microstructure light bulbs that emit visible (blue) light and locally excite opsins with high spatial resolution.
authors.forename: Maysamreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamanzar
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Garfield
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iafrati
authors.forename: Vikaas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sohal
authors.forename: Emory
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: P James
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schuck
authors.forename: Michel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maharbiz
mesh_terms: D007259:Infrared Rays; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009474:Neurons; D062308:Optogenetics
chemical_list: D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements