title: The oxidative stress response of myclobutanil and cyproconazole on Tetrahymena thermophila.
abstract: Using Tetrahymena thermophila as experimental models, the oxidative stress of triazole fungicides myclobutanil (MYC) and cyproconazole (CYP) was investigated. Results showed that 24-h EC50 values for MYC and CYP were 16.67 (13.37-19.65) and 20.44 (18.85-21.96) mg/L, respectively; 48-h EC50 values for MYC and CYP were 14.31 (13.13-15.42) and 18.76 (17.09-20.31) mg/L, respectively. Reactive oxygen species was significantly induced and cytotoxicity was caused by MYC and CYP by increasing propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence. Damage of regular wrinkles and appearing of small holes on the cell surface were observed by SEM. Furthermore, MYC and CYP also caused notable changes in enzyme activities and mRNA levels. Overall, the present study points out that MYC and CYP lead to oxidative stress on T. thermophila. The information presented in this study will provide insights into the mechanism of triazoles-induced oxidative stress on T. thermophila.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Guo
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: wanggaoxue@126.com.
authors.forename: Gao-Xue
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: feiling@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D016808:Tetrahymena thermophila / Q000187:drug effects*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014230:Triazoles; C093628:cyproconazole; C446685:systhane
keywords: Cyproconazole; Myclobutanil; Oxidative stress; Tetrahymena thermophila