title: Visual Evoked Potential to Assess Retinopathy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated for early retinopathy using the visual evoked potential (VEP) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with GDM and type 2 diabetes seen between June and October of 2014 were included in this cross-sectional, observational study. Patients with secondary diabetes, ocular or major illness were excluded from the study. VEP was recorded in both eyes to derive prominent positive peak latency (P100), amplitude and initial negative deflection (N75) latency. The data were compared with 10 gestational age-matched controls with normal glucose tolerance. Appropriate statistical methods were used for comparison among the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study participants (40 with GDM, 10 with type 2 diabetes, 10 with normal glucose tolerance) had a median (25th to 75th interquartile range) age of 26 (24.3, 30) years, a gestational age of 24.5 (21, 27) weeks and weights of 66.8 (63.4, 71.5) kg. The P100 latencies were comparable among the 3 groups (p=0.0577). However, patients with any diabetes (GDM and type 2 diabetes) had prolonged P100 latencies (p=0.0139) and low P100 amplitudes (p=0.0391) in comparison to controls. P100 latency showed a direct correlation with hyperglycemia (p=0.0118).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that VEP abnormalities are detectable even in the short-term hyperglycemia of GDM and type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital, Chandimandir, Haryana, India. Electronic address: hariendo@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: K V S
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Hari Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Command Hospital, Chandimandir, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: F M H
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Command Hospital, Chandimandir, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Command Hospital, Chandimandir, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mansingh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: diabète sucré gestationnel; examen du fond d'œil; funduscopy; gestational diabetes mellitus; potentiels évoqués visuels; retinopathy; rétinopathie; visual evoked potential