title: Color reduction of melanin by lysosomal and peroxisomal enzymes isolated from mammalian cells.
abstract: Lysosomes and peroxisomes are organelles with many functions in all eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes (lysozyme) that degrade molecules, whereas peroxisomes contain enzymes such as catalase that convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen and neutralize toxicity. In contrast, melanin is known as a helpful element to protect the skin against harmful ultraviolet rays. However, a high quantity of melanin leads to hyperpigmentation or skin cancer in human. New materials have already been discovered to inhibit tyrosinase in melanogenesis; however, melanin reduction does not suggest their preparation. In this study, we report that the color intensity because of melanin decreased by the cellular activation of lysosomes and peroxisomes. An increase in the superficial intensity of lysosome and peroxisome activities of HeLa cells was observed. In addition, a decrease in the amount of melanin has also been observed in mammalian cells without using any other chemical, showing that the process can work in vivo for treating melanin. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the amount of melanin decreases by the lysosome and peroxisome activity after entering the cells, and functional organelles are effective in color reduction. This mechanism can be used in vivo for treating melanin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin-dong, 1 Ga Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, 410 Sungbong-Ro, Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Simranjeet Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sekhon
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin-dong, 1 Ga Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jihee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, 410 Sungbong-Ro, Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea. kyh@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yang-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin-dong, 1 Ga Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea. jihomin@jbnu.ac.kr.|Division of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin-dong, 1 Ga Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea. jihomin@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jiho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Degradation; Lysosomes; Melanin; Peroxisomes; Reactive oxygen species (ROS)