title: Influence of smoking cessation drugs on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with cardiovascular disease or high risk score: real life setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking is the most important reversible cardiovascular risk factor. It is well established that quitting smoking reduces coronary events. However, on several occasions, the cardiovascular safety of smoking cessation drugs has been questioned. Our goal is to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation drugs on blood pressure and heart rate in patients from a smoking cessation service in a cardiology hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the PAF database (Smoking Cessation Assistance Program database) between January 2008 and March 2014. We analyzed data from 900 patients who were compliant with the treatment (50.5% male, average age 53 ± 17 years). The most frequent clinical diagnoses were coronary artery disease (25.2%), hypertension (57.2%), and diabetes (13.4%). Blood pressure, heart rate, and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in exhaled air were analyzed at consecutive visits during the first 45 days of treatment (mean visits - 3). Analysis of repeated measures was used for the statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventy one patients used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone, 81 used bupropion alone, 154 used varenicline alone, 283 used NRT plus bupropion and 111 used bupropion plus varenicline. For all smoking cessation drugs, used alone or in combination, no increase occurred in the average value of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). Significant reductions in CO concentrations occurred in all smoking cessation drug groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation drugs used in monotherapy or in combined regimens did not influence systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) in this group of patients during the observation period.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Pacheco
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation Program Department, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, Cerqueira Cesar, 05403-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. jaquelineissa@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Jaqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation Program Department, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, Cerqueira Cesar, 05403-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania Ogawa
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Gouveia
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Viviane
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Gaya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Caleb Junior Lima
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D003971:Diastole; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013599:Systole; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D000068580:Varenicline / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine; D000068580:Varenicline