title: Mechanisms of Hippo pathway regulation.
abstract: The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell-cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moroishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Kun-Liang
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: LATS; MAP4K; MST; TAZ; TEAD; YAP