title: Short communication: Cytokine profiles from blood mononuclear cells of dairy cows classified with divergent immune response phenotypes.
abstract: Genetic selection for enhanced immune response has been shown to decrease disease occurrence in dairy cattle. Cows can be classified as high (H), average, or low responders based on antibody-mediated immune response (AMIR), predominated by type-2 cytokine production, and cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) through estimated breeding values for these traits. The purpose of this study was to identify in vitro tests that correlate with in vivo immune response phenotyping in dairy cattle. Blood mononuclear cells (BMC) isolated from cows classified as H-AMIR and H-CMIR through estimated breeding values for immune response traits were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and gene expression, cytokine production, and cell proliferation was determined at multiple time points. A repeated measures model, which included the effects of immune response group, parity, and stage of lactation, was used to compare differences between immune response phenotype groups. The H-AMIR cows produced more IL-4 protein than H-CMIR cows at 48 h; however, no difference in gene expression of type-2 transcription factor GATA3 or IL4 was noted. The BMC from H-CMIR cows had increased production of IFN-γ protein at 48, 72, and 96 h compared with H-AMIR animals. Further, H-CMIR cows had increased expression of the IFNG gene at 16, 24, and 48 h post-treatment with ConA, although expression of the type-1 transcription factor gene TBX21 did not differ between immune response groups. Although proliferation of BMC increased from 24 to 72 h after ConA stimulation, no differences were found between the immune response groups. Overall, stimulation of H-AMIR and H-CMIR bovine BMC with ConA resulted in distinct cytokine production profiles according to genetically defined groups. These distinct cytokine profiles could be used to define disease resistance phenotypes in dairy cows according to stimulation in vitro; however, other immune response phenotypes should be assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, N1G 4Y2, Canada.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Paibomesai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Emam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallienne
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Animal, Food & Health Sciences, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hine
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W, Canada.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Thompson-Crispi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W, Canada. Electronic address: bmallard@ovc.uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mallard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007159:Immunologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008934:Mitogens; D003208:Concanavalin A
keywords: blood mononuclear cells; dairy cows; immune response; type-1 and type-2 cytokines