title: Exercise and Nutritional Benefits in PD: Rodent Models and Clinical Settings.
abstract: Physical exercise offers a highly effective health-endowering activity as has been evidence using rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is a particularly useful intervention in individuals employed in sedentary occupations or afflicted by a neurodegenerative disorder, such as PD. The several links between exercise and quality-of-life, disorder progression and staging, risk factors and symptoms-biomarkers in PD all endower a promise for improved prognosis. Nutrition provides a strong determinant for disorder vulnerability and prognosis with fish oils and vegetables with a mediterranean diet offering both protection and resistance. Three factors determining the effects of exercise on disorder severity of patients may be presented: (i) Exercise effects upon motor impairment, gait, posture and balance, (ii) Exercise reduction of oxidative stress, stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and up-regulation of autophagy, and (iii) Exercise stimulation of dopamine (DA) neurochemistry and trophic factors. Running-wheel performance, as measured by distance run by individual mice from different treatment groups, was related to DA-integrity, indexed by striatal DA levels. Finally, both nutrition and exercise may facilitate positive epigenetic outcomes, such as lowering the dosage of L-Dopa required for a therapeutic effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. trevor.archer@psy.gu.se.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kostrzewa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
keywords: Amelioration; Dopamine; Epigenetics; Exercise; Impairment; Nutrition; Parkinson’s disease