title: Adding a custom made pressure release valve during air enema for intussusception: A new technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-surgical reduction remains the first line treatment of choice for intussusception. The major complication of air enema reduction is bowel perforation. The authors developed a custom made pressure release valve to be added to portable insufflation devices, delivering air at pressures accepted as safe for effective reduction of intussusception in children under fluoroscopic guidance. The aim of this study was to develop a custom made pressure release valve that is suitable for the insufflation devices used for air enema reduction of intussusception and to put this valve into regular clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  An adjustable, custom made pressure release valve was assembled by the authors using readily available components. The valve was coupled to a simple air enema insufflation device. The device was used for the trial of reduction of intussusception in a prospective study that included 132 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate for air enema reduction with the new device was 88.2%. The mean pressure required to achieve complete reduction was 100 mmHg. The insufflation pressure never exceeded the preset value (120 mmHg). Of the successful cases, 58.3% were reduced from the first attempt while 36.1% required a second insufflation. Only 5.55% required a third insufflation to complete the reduction. In cases with unsuccessful pneumatic reduction attempt (18.1%), surgical treatment was required. Surgery ranged from simple reduction to resection with a primary end to end anastomosis. No complications from air enema were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors recommend adding pressure release valves to ensure safety by avoiding pressure overshoot during the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Paediatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hosni Morsi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Refaat Khodary
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007327:Insufflation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007443:Intussusception / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome