title: Metabolite-selective hyperpolarized (13)C imaging using extended chemical shift displacement at 9.4T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a technique for frequency-selective hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic imaging in ultra-high field strength which exploits the broad spatial chemical shift displacement in providing spectral and spatial selectivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The spatial chemical shift displacement caused by the slice-selection gradient was utilized in acquiring metabolite-selective images. Interleaved images of different metabolites were acquired by reversing the polarity of the slice-selection gradient at every repetition time, while using a low-bandwidth radio-frequency excitation pulse to alternatingly shift the displaced excitation bands outside the imaging subject. Demonstration of this technique is presented using (1)H phantom and in vivo mouse renal hyperpolarized (13)C imaging experiments with conventional chemical shift imaging and fast low-angle shot sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From phantom and in vivo mouse studies, the spectral selectivity of the proposed method is readily demonstrated using results of chemical shift spectroscopic imaging, which displayed clearly delineated images of different metabolites. Imaging results using the proposed method without spectral encoding also showed effective separation while also providing high spatial resolution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method provides a way to acquire spectrally selective hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic images in a simple implementation, and with potential ability to support combination with more elaborate readout methods for faster imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Joonsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunhae
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hansol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Lucas MRI Center, Stanford University, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jae Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Lucas MRI Center, Stanford University, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spielman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Taek
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: donghyunkim@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes
keywords: (13)C; 9.4T; Chemical shift displacement; Hyperpolarized; Metabolic imaging