title: Compound K Production from Red Ginseng Extract by β-Glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus Supplemented with α-L-Arabinofuranosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus.
abstract: Ginsenoside compound K (C-K) is attracting a lot of interest because of its biological and pharmaceutical activities, including hepatoprotective, antitumor, anti-wrinkling, and anti-skin aging activities. C-K has been used as the principal ingredient in skin care products. For the effective application of ginseng extracts to the manufacture of cosmetics, the PPD-type ginsenosides in ginseng extracts should be converted to C-K by enzymatic conversion. For increased yield of C-K from the protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides in red-ginseng extract (RGE), the α-L-arabinofuranoside-hydrolyzing α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (CS-abf) was used along with the β-D-glucopyranoside/α-L-arabinopyranoside-hydrolyzing β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus (SS-bgly) because SS-bgly showed very low hydrolytic activity on the α-L-arabinofuranoside linkage in ginsenosides. The optimal reaction conditions for C-K production were as follows: pH 6.0, 80°C, 2 U/mL SS-bgly, 3 U/mL CS-abf, and 7.5 g/L PPD-type ginsenosides in RGE. Under these optimized conditions, SS-bgly supplemented with CS-abf produced 4.2 g/L C-K from 7.5 g/L PPD-type ginsenosides in 12 h without other ginsenosides, with a molar yield of 100% and a productivity of 348 mg/L/h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest concentration and productivity of C-K from ginseng extract ever published in literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048229:Sulfolobus solfataricus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C112772:ginsenoside compound K; C019713:alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase