title: Implication of the myokine irisin in maternal energy homeostasis in pregnancies with abnormal fetal growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate maternal concentrations of the myokine irisin in large for gestational age (LGA) and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) versus appropriate for gestational age (AGA) normal pregnancies and associate them with various perinatal parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma irisin and insulin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), respectively, in a cohort of 80 mothers delivering LGA (n = 30), IUGR (n = 30) and AGA (n = 20) singleton full-term infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal irisin concentrations were similar among LGA, IUGR and AGA groups and did not correlate with respective insulin ones or maternal body mass index. In a combined group, maternal irisin concentrations decreased with advancing gestational age (p < 0.001) and were lower in multi-, compared to nulliparous women (p = 0.004). In the IUGR group, maternal irisin concentrations were higher in cases of smoking (p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irisin may not be differentially regulated in insulin resistance-associated pregnancy disorders resulting in fetal macrosomia and IUGR. Maternal irisin down-regulation with advancing gestation could possibly contribute to the observed maternal fat accumulation and progressive insulin resistance towards term. Similarly, lower maternal irisin concentrations in multiparous women may reflect the documented positive association between parity and fat deposition. Irisin up-regulation in cases of smoking may indicate the need for enhanced oxygen consumption to maintain energy production under conditions of hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neonatology , Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece , and.
authors.forename: Despina D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Briana
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neonatology , Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece , and.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boutsikou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neonatology , Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece , and.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Athanasopoulos
authors.affiliation: b 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marmarinos
authors.affiliation: b 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gourgiotis
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neonatology , Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece , and.
authors.forename: Ariadne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malamitsi-Puchner
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood*; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins
keywords: Fetal macrosomia; insulin resistance; intrauterine growth restriction; irisin; pregnancy