title: Proton MR spectroscopy of normal breasts: Association of risk factors for breast cancer with water and lipid composition of the breast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the water and lipid composition of normal women breasts on proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), and the association of breast cancer risk factors with (1)H-MRS parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of participants were included: group 1, women without a family history of breast cancer (n=49); group 2, women with at least one affected first-degree relative (n=77); group 3, contralateral normal breasts of women with newly diagnosed unilateral breast cancer (n=84). (1)H-MRS parameters were shown below: water fraction 1 (WF1)=(water integral)/(water integral+integral for methylene peak); lipid line width for methylene resonance (LW1) and lipid line width for methyl peaks (LW2) were measured. The association of breast cancer risk factors - age, breast density, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, group with (1)H-MRS parameters - was analyzed by multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In age-adjusted multiple linear regression, breast density was positively associated with WF1 (P=0.009, 0.001, and <0.001 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). BMI was inversely associated with LW1 in groups 1 (P=0.040) and 3 (P=0.005). In group 3, premenopausal breasts had lower LW2 than their postmenopausal counterparts (P=0.033). Group 3 had narrower LW2 than group 2 (P=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk factors for breast cancer were associated with (1)H-MRS parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: jwwangjen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: suryang1971@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ming-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: npcancer@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Hung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: step01.tw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuan-Lin
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: ttfshih@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tiffany Ting-Fang
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000071060:Breast Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water
keywords: Lipid line width; Normal breasts; Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Water fraction