title: Methods for Baiting and Enriching Fungus-Feeding (Mycophagous) Rhizosphere Bacteria.
abstract: Mycophagous soil bacteria are able to obtain nutrients from living fungal hyphae. However, with exception of the soil bacterial genus Collimonas, occurrence of this feeding strategy has not been well examined. Evaluation of the importance of mycophagy in soil bacterial communities requires targeted isolation methods. In this study, we compared two different approaches to obtain mycophagous bacteria from rhizospheric soil. A short-term method based on baiting for bacteria that can rapidly adhere to fungal hyphae and a long-term method based on the enrichment of bacteria on fungal hyphae via repeated transfer. Hyphae-adhering bacteria were isolated, identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and tested for antifungal activity and the ability to feed on fungi as the sole source of carbon. Both methods yielded a range of potentially mycophagous bacterial isolates with little phylogenetic overlap. We also found indications for feeding preferences among the potentially mycophagous bacteria. Our results indicate that mycophagy could be an important growth strategy for rhizosphere bacteria. To our surprise, we found several potential plant pathogenic bacteria among the mycophagous isolates. We discuss the possible benefits that these bacteria might gain from colonizing fungal hyphae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningen, Netherlands; Department of Plant Health, Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany.
authors.forename: Max-Bernhard
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ballhausen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningen, Netherlands; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Veen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maria P J
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hundscheid
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningen, Netherlands; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wietse
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Boer
keywords: antifungal; cultivable bacteria; fungus-feeding; isolation method; mycophagy; phytagel; rhizosphere