title: Cortical control of intraspinal microstimulation: Toward a new approach for restoration of function after spinal cord injury.
abstract: Approximately 6 million people in the United States are currently living with paralysis in which 23% of the cases are related to spinal cord injury (SCI). Miniaturized closed-loop neural interfaces have the potential for restoring function and mobility lost to debilitating neural injuries such as SCI by leveraging recent advancements in bioelectronics and a better understanding of the processes that underlie functional and anatomical reorganization in an injured nervous system. This paper describes our current progress toward developing a miniaturized brain-machine-spinal cord interface (BMSI) that converts in real time the neural command signals recorded from the cortical motor regions to electrical stimuli delivered to the spinal cord below the injury level. Using a combination of custom integrated circuit (IC) technology for corticospinal interfacing and field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based technology for embedded signal processing, we demonstrate proof-of-concept of distinct muscle pattern activation via intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) controlled in real time by intracortical neural spikes in an anesthetized laboratory rat.
authors.forename: Shahab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahdoost
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Caleb
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunham
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DeJong
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbay
authors.forename: Randolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nudo
authors.forename: Pedram
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohseni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*