title: Alcohol Consumption and Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Premenopausal Women.
abstract: In a cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the associations of usual total alcohol and wine intake with a comprehensive profile of mid-luteal phase urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (referred to jointly as EM) in a sample of 603 premenopausal women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). A total of 15 individual EM (pmol/mg creatinine) were measured by a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with high accuracy and reproducibility. We used linear mixed models to calculate the adjusted geometric means of individual EM, EM grouped by metabolic pathways, and pathway ratios by category of alcohol intake with non-drinkers of alcohol as the referent. Total alcohol intake was not associated with total EM but was positively associated with estradiol (26% higher among women consuming >15 g/day vs. non-drinkers; P trend = 0.03). Wine consumption was positively associated with a number of EM measures including estradiol (22% higher among women consuming ≥ 5 drinks/week vs. non-drinkers, P trend < 0.0001). In conclusion, the total alcohol intake was positively and significantly associated with urinary estradiol levels. Some differences in urinary estrogen metabolites were observed with wine drinking, when compared with non-drinkers. This study strengthens the evidence that alcohol consumption might play a role in breast cancer and other estrogen-related conditions. Additional studies of premenopausal women are needed to further explore the association of alcohol, particularly the specific types of alcohol, on patterns of estrogen metabolism in blood, urine, and tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health & Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, CNR #3035, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. tjhartm@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Terryl J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sisti
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: A Heather
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Eliassen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000652:urine; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D017697:Premenopause / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004958:Estradiol