title: [Langerhans cell sarcoma developing acute myeloid leukemia after achieving complete response by THP-COP].
abstract: An 86-year-old man presented with enlarged left submandibular, left inguinal, and superficial femoral lymph nodes. He was diagnosed with Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) on the basis of the histopathological findings of the left inguinal lymph node biopsy. In addition, laboratory examinations revealed normocytic normochromic anemia, and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy led to a diagnosis of idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS). Because of the patient's age, he was administered a regimen of cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (THP-COP), and achieved a partial response after six courses. However, he developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 11 months after completion of the THP-COP therapy, and received only supportive care until his death. LCS is an extremely rare and aggressive dendritic cell neoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, only 67 cases have been reported in the literature. There are case reports describing the concurrence of hematological malignancies. Herein, we report the first documented development of LCS in a patient with ICUS who progressed to AML, and summarize the published data on the epidemiology of and therapeutic options for LCS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Oji General Hospital.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanisawa
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Chisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Naotaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamihara
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D054752:Langerhans Cell Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction