title: The circle of life: A cross-cultural comparison of children's attribution of life-cycle traits.
abstract: Do children attribute mortality and other life-cycle traits to all minded beings? The present study examined whether culture influences young children's ability to conceptualize and differentiate human beings from supernatural beings (such as God) in terms of life-cycle traits. Three-to-5-year-old Israeli and British children were questioned whether their mother, a friend, and God would be subject to various life-cycle processes: Birth, death, ageing, existence/longevity, and parentage. Children did not anthropomorphize but differentiated among human and supernatural beings, attributing life-cycle traits to humans, but not to God. Although 3-year-olds differentiated significantly among agents, 5-year-olds attributed correct life-cycle traits more consistently than younger children. The results also indicated some cross-cultural variation in these attributions. Implications for biological conceptual development are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Emily R R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Burdett
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Justin L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000208:ethnology; D019369:Life; D008297:Male; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: anthropomorphism; cognitive development; cross-cultural comparisons; cultural learning; folk biology; naïve biology; reasoning