title: Combined Associations of Muscle-Strengthening Activities and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity on Multimorbidity: Findings From NHANES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity (PA) has previously been demonstrated to be inversely related with multimorbidity (having more than one chronic disease); however, it is unknown whether dual participation in both PA and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) may further reduce the odds of being multimorbid. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the association between multimorbidity and individuals meeting recommended guidelines for both PA and MSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonexperimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2003-2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four thousand five hundred eighty-seven adults aged ≥20 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accelerometry-measured PA, self-reported MSA, and multimorbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds (95% confidence interval) of being multimorbid for those only meeting MSA guidelines, only meeting PA guidelines, and meeting both PA and MSA guidelines (vs. not meeting either), respectively, were .69 (.48, .98; p = .04), .55 (.44, .70; p < .01), and .38 (.27, .53; p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that individuals meeting recommended guidelines for both MSA and PA were less likely to be multimorbid than individuals participating in one or none of these exercise modalities. Determining effective ways to initiate and maintain concurrent adoption of MSA and PA is needed to provide a cost-effective behavioral alternative for reducing the prevalence of multimorbidity.
authors.affiliation: 1 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dankel
authors.affiliation: 1 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Jeremy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Loenneke
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Health Behavior Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Loprinzi
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000076322:Multimorbidity; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic Disease, Concurrent Training, Endurance Training, Resistance Training, Strength, Prevention Research. Manuscript format: research; Health focus: physical activity, muscle-strengthening activities, multimorbidity; Outcome measure: biometric; Research purpose: modeling/relationship testing, descriptive; Setting: national; Strategy: education, behavior change; Study design: crosssectional; Target population age: adults; Target population circumstances: education, chronic disease