title: The psychometric properties of an Arabic numeric pain rating scale for measuring osteoarthritis knee pain.
abstract: The aims of this study were to translate the numeric rating scale (NRS) into Arabic and to evaluate the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of an Arabic Numeric Pain Rating Scale (ANPRS) for measuring pain in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.
  
  
  
  The English version of the NRS was translated into Arabic as per the translation process guidelines for patient-rated outcome scales. One hundred twenty-one consecutive patients with OA of the knee who had experienced pain for more than 6 months were asked to report their pain levels on the ANPRS, visual analogue scale (VAS), and verbal rating scale (VRS). A second assessment was performed 48 h after the first to assess test-retest reliability. The test-retest reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1). The convergent validity was assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. In addition, the minimum detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were also assessed.
  
  
  
  The repeatability of ANPRS was good to excellent (ICC 0.89). The SEM and MDC were 0.71 and 1.96, respectively. Significant correlations were found with the VAS and VRS scores (p <0.01).
  
  
  
  The Arabic numeric pain rating scale is a valid and reliable scale for measuring pain levels in OA of the knee. Implications for Rehabilitation The Arabic Numeric Pain Rating Scale (ANPRS) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring pain in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, with psychometric properties in agreement with other widely used scales. The ANPRS is well correlated with the VAS and NRS scores in patients with OA of the knee. The ANPRS appears to measure pain intensity similar to the VAS, NRS, and VRS and may provide additional advantages to Arab populations, as Arabic numbers are easily understood by this population.
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia ;
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alghadir
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia ;|b Department of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India.
authors.forename: Shahnawaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anwer
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia ;
authors.forename: Zaheen Ahmed
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014175:Translating; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Knee; numeric rating scale; osteoarthritis; pain intensity; reliability; validity