title: Alterations in serotype-specific B cell responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in aging HIV-infected adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced age and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are associated with increased pneumococcal disease risk. The impact of these factors on cellular responses to vaccination is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals 50-65 years old with CD4(+) Tcells/μl (CD4) >200 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) ≥1 year received either the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PCV/PPV) or PPV only. HIV-uninfected (HIV-) controls received PCV/PPV. Phenotype distribution and surface expression of complement receptor CD21 and tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors (TNFRs) were compared on serotype-specific B cells postvaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postvaccination serotype-specific B cell percentages were significantly lower in HIV+ PCV/PPV compared to PPV groups, but similar between HIV+ or HIV- PCV/PPV groups. Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI)(+) serotype-specific B cell percentages were significantly decreased in HIV+ PCV/PPV compared to PPV groups. CD21(+) serotype-specific B cells were significantly higher in HIV- compared to HIV+ PCV/PPV groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An initial dose of PCV reduced the frequency, but not phenotype distribution, of serotype-specific B cells and also lowered TACI expression in aging HIV+ subjects postvaccination with PPV. These findings suggest that PCV does not enhance cellular responses to revaccination with PPV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ohtola
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Noor M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Khaskhely
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Saul-Mcbeth
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Anita S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leggat
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States; Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Sadik A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khuder
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States. Electronic address: westerin@musc.edu.
authors.forename: M A Julie
authors.initials: MAJ
authors.lastname: Westerink
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053303:Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; C414006:23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; C108467:TNFRSF13B protein, human; D053303:Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
keywords: Aging; B cells; HIV infection; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; Streptococcus pneumoniae