title: Identification of Plasma Biomarkers of Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Subtypes through Microarray Technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke and depending on the underlying cause, primary ICH is mainly caused by hypertension (HTN-ICH) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA-ICH). Currently, neuroimaging markers are required to identify the pattern for each etiology. The discovery of new biomarkers to improve the management of this pathology is therefore needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A microarray analysis was carried out to analyze gene expression differences in blood samples from patients (>1.5 months since the last ICH event) who suffered a CAA-ICH and HTN-ICH, and controls. The results were replicated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the plasma protein level of the best candidate was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microarray analysis and the validation study revealed an increase in Golgin A8 Family, Member A (GOLGA8A) mRNA and protein levels in ICH cases compared to controls (P < .01), although no differences were found between specific ICH etiologies. GOLGA8A plasma levels were also associated with the presence of multiple hemorrhages (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GOLGA8A level was increased in the blood of patients who suffered a primary ICH. We did not, however, find any candidate biomarker that distinguished CAA-ICH from HTN-ICH. The role of GOLGA8A in this fatal disorder has yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merino-Zamorano
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández de Retana
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández-Cadenas
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Luna
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Neurovascular Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mar.hernandez.guillamon@vhir.org.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Guillamon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C404952:golgin-67
keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage; biomarker; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; hypertensive-related hemorrhage; microarray analysis; stroke