title: Effect of submental sensitive transcutaneous electrical stimulation on virtual lesions of the oropharyngeal cortex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of submental sensitive transcutaneous electrical stimulation (SSTES) on pharyngeal cortical representation after the creation of an oropharyngeal cortical virtual lesion in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motor-evoked potential amplitude of the mylohyoid muscles was measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the oropharyngeal cortex was mapped by cartography, and videofluoroscopic parameters of swallowing function were measured before and after SSTES (at the end of SSTES [0 min] and at 30 and 60 min), after the creation of a cortical virtual lesion (repetitive TMS, 1 Hz, 20 min on the dominant swallowing hemisphere).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine subjects completed the study. After 20 min of SSTES, motor-evoked potential amplitude increased (P<0.05), as did swallow reaction time after repetitive TMS, as seen on videofluoroscopy, which was reversed after electrical stimulation. On cortical mapping, the number of points with a cortical response increased in the dominant lesioned hemisphere (P<0.05), remaining constant at 60 min (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSTES may be effective for producing cortical plasticity for mylohyoid muscles and reverses oropharyngeal cortical inhibition in healthy subjects. It could be a simple non-invasive way to treat post-stroke dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Service de MPR, centre hospitalier Arcachon, 33260 La Teste de Buch, France; Service de MPR, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; EA 4136, université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cugy
authors.affiliation: Service de physiologie, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leroi
authors.affiliation: Service de MPR, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kerouac-Laplante
authors.affiliation: Service de MPR, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; EA 4136, université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dehail
authors.affiliation: Service de MPR, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; EA 4136, université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Alain
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Service de radiologie, CHU de Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerardin
authors.affiliation: EA 3830, université de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; Service de chirurgie cervicofaciale, CHU de Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.affiliation: Service de physiologie, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; EA 3830, université de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; Pôle 3R, CHU de Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France. Electronic address: eric.verin@chu-rouen.fr.
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Verin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002680:Chin; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D011930:Reaction Time; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
keywords: Electric stimulation therapy; Motor-evoked potential; Rehabilitation; Stroke; Swallowing disorders; Videofluoroscopy