title: Metabolites of Aliphatic Alcohols Detected in Alcoholic Beverages Inhibit Phagocytosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to measure granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis following treatment of cells with some metabolites of aliphatic alcohols alone and in combination with acetaldehyde.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cells were separated from human peripheral blood prior to determination of phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan particles by granulocytes and monocytes treated individually with metabolites of aliphatic alcohols including formaldehyde, 1-propanal, acetone, 1-butanal, and 2-butanone and in combination with acetaldehyde.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings revealed that metabolites of aliphatic alcohols inhibited phagocytosis by granulocytes and monocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and when combined with acetaldehyde, they caused a further decrease in phagocytic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to their additive effects, it is possible that, in combination with acetaldehyde, metabolites of aliphatic alcohols may inhibit phagocytosis at physiologically realistic concentrations in episodic heavy drinkers, thereby contributing to their increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ervin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Árnyas
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pál
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gergő
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baranyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Orsolya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bujdosó
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rácz
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Róza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ádány
authors.affiliation: European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary szucs.sandor@sph.unideb.hu.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szűcs
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D000433:1-Propanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects; D000096:Acetone / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002074:Butanones / Q000009:adverse effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002074:Butanones; D000096:Acetone; D005557:Formaldehyde; C005222:methylethyl ketone; D020001:1-Butanol; D000433:1-Propanol; D000079:Acetaldehyde