title: Evaluation of 5-year-old children with complete cleft lip and palate: Multicenter study. Part 2: Functional results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cleft surgery is marked by all the controversies and the multiplication of protocols, as it has been shown by the Eurocleft study. The objective of this pilot study is to start a comparison and analyzing procedure between primary surgical protocols in French centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four French centers with different primary surgical protocols for cleft lip and palate repair, have accepted to be involved in this retrospective study. In each center, 20 consecutive patients with complete cleft lip and palate (10 UCLP, 10 BCLP per center), non syndromic, have been evaluated at a mean age of 5 [range, 4-6]. In this second part, maxillary growth and palatine morphology were assessed on clinical examination and on dental casts (Goslon score). Speech was also evaluated clinically (Borel-maisonny classification) and by Aerophonoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Veau-Wardill-Killner palatoplasty involves a higher rate of transversal maxillary deficiency and retromaxillary. The fistula rate is statistically lower with tibial periosteum graft hard palate closure but this technique seems to give retromaxillary. Malek and Talmant two-stage-palatoplasty techniques reach Goslon scores of 1 or 2. Considering speech, Sommerlad intravelar veloplasty got higher outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary results. Extension to other centers required. The two-stage palatoplasty, including a Sommerlad intravelar veloplasty seems to have the less negative impact on maxillary growth, and to give good speech outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic study. Level III/retrospective multicenter comparative study.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department (Head: Prof. C. Bruant-Rodier), Cleft Competence Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hôpital Civil, 67091 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: carodissaux@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dissaux
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department (Head: Prof. C. Bruant-Rodier), Cleft Competence Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hôpital Civil, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grollemund
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department (Head: Prof. C. Bruant-Rodier), Cleft Competence Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hôpital Civil, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bodin
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, French Cleft Reference Center, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, French Cleft Reference Center, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, Cleft Competence Center, Grenoble University Hospital, Hôpital Michallon, 38043 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Plastic Surgery Department, Cleft Competence Center, Clinique du Val d'Ouest, 69130 Ecully (Lyon), France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department (Head: Prof. C. Bruant-Rodier), Cleft Competence Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hôpital Civil, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department (Head: Prof. C. Bruant-Rodier), Cleft Competence Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hôpital Civil, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruant-Rodier
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013060:Speech; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cleft lip and palate; Craniofacial form; Dental arch relationships; Long-term results; Multicenter study; Speech disorders; Treatment outcome measures