title: An implantable 64-channel neural interface with reconfigurable recording and stimulation.
abstract: Next generation implantable medical devices will have the potential to provide more precise and effective therapies through adaptive closed-loop controllers that combine sensing and stimulation across larger numbers of electrode channels. A major challenge in the design of such devices is balancing increased functionality and channel counts with the miniaturization required for implantation within small anatomical spaces. Customized therapies will require adaptive systems capable of tuning which channels are sensed and stimulated to overcome variability in patient-specific needs, surgical placement of electrodes, and chronic physiological responses. In order to address these challenges, we have designed a miniaturized implantable fully-reconfigurable front-end system that is integrated into the distal end of an 8-wire lead, enabling up to 64 electrodes to be dynamically configured for sensing and stimulation. Full reconfigurability is enabled by two custom 32×2 cross-point switch (CPS) matrix ASICs which can route any electrode to either an amplifier with reprogrammable bandwidth and integrated ADC or to one of two independent stimulation channels that can be driven through the lead. The 8-wire circuit includes a digital interface for robust communication as well as a charge-balanced powering scheme for enhanced safety. The system is encased in a hermetic package designed to fit within a 14 mm bur-hole in the skull for neuromodulation of the brain, but could easily be adapted to enhance therapies across a broad spectrum of applications.
authors.forename: Jesse J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kindle
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guyon
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czarnecki
authors.forename: Hailey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dispirito
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lachapelle
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Alik S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Widge
authors.forename: Darin D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Emad N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Eskandar
mesh_terms: D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D058542:Implantable Neurostimulators; D008904:Miniaturization