title: Heat shock protein-70 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the role of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative study was done on the serum level of both HSP70 and HIF-1α in 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DR, 50 patients with T2DM and DR and 70 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSP70 and HIF-1α were significantly increased in T2DM patients compared to controls and increased in patients with T2DM & DR compared to T2DM patients without DR (p < 0.0001). HSP70 did not differ among the patients with different stages of DR, while HIF-1α increased significantly in grades 3 and 4 DR patients compared to grades 1 and 2 DR patients. A strong correlation was found between HIF-1α and the development of DR (r = 0.835, p = 0.00) but not with HSP70. HIF-1α can be used as a predictor for development of DR but not HSP70.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study was the first that investigated both HSP70 and HIF-1α in humans and was the first that measured their levels in serum of patients with DR. The study suggested that HSP70 might have a protective function in T2DM patients rather than a therapeutic function. HIF-1α had an upper hand in the development and progression of DR. Induction of HSP70 and blockage of HIF-1α could lead to the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for DR and potentially other diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khulood M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: The Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
authors.forename: Aida A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Type 2 DM; diabetic retinopathy; heat shock protein; hypoxia inducible factor 1-α