title: Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Suppress LPS-Induced NF-κB Activation by Inducing A20, a Negative Regulator of NF-κB, in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.
abstract: Zinc contained in solar salt and bamboo salt plays a critical role in various immune responses. Zinc oxide is a source of zinc, and recently it has been reported that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZO-NP) more effectively decrease allergic inflammatory reactions than zinc oxide bulk material. The aim of this work was to investigate the regulatory effect of ZO-NP on interferon (IFN)-γ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. ZO-NP (0.1-10 μg/mL) did not affect cell viability but toxicity was evident at a ZO-NP concentration of 100 μg/mL. ZO-NP (10 μg/mL) inhibited the IFN-γ plus LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. The productions of inflammatory cytokines, such as, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased by IFN-γ plus LPS but down-regulated by ZO-NP treatment. Furthermore, the up-regulations of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs by IFN-γ plus LPS were reduced by ZO-NP at low (0.1 μg/mL) and high (10 μg/mL) concentrations. ZO-NP (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL) inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB by blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. In addition, ZO-NP induced the expression of A20, a zinc finger protein and negative regulator of NF-κB. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that ZO-NP offer a potential means of treating inflammatory diseases.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D000072598:Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D000072598:Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C513261:Tnfaip3 protein, mouse; D015034:Zinc Oxide