title: Helicobacter pylori and CagA under conditions of iron deficiency.
abstract: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide and compelling evidence has demonstrated that this condition heightens the risk of gastric cancer. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Recent work has demonstrated that, under conditions of iron deficiency, H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis is augmented through increased formation of the strain-specific cag type IV secretion system and enhanced delivery of the bacterial oncoprotein CagA into host cells. Although CagA is a potent virulence factor that promotes oncogenic responses, additional studies have now demonstrated that CagA modulates host cell iron homeostasis in vitro and fundamental metabolic functions of the bacterial cell in vivo. Here we discuss these findings and describe working models by which CagA exerts its effects on gastric epithelial cells, with particular emphasis on its potential role in modulation of host iron homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine ; V anderbilt University Medical Center ; Nashville , TN USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.affiliation: a Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine ; V anderbilt University Medical Center ; Nashville , TN USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Peek
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D007501:Iron
keywords: CagA; Helicobacter pylori; cag type IV secretion system, gastric cancer; iron deficiency