title: Long-Term Macroevaluation of Environmental Enrichment in Three Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) at Barcelona Zoo.
abstract: The evaluation of enrichment programs is important to determine their effect on nonhuman animal welfare. The daily activity pattern and use of space of 3 brown bears (Ursus arctos) were used for long-term macroevaluation of enrichment to compare the baseline and enrichment phases. Focal sampling methods were used for data collection, and instantaneous scans were made at 2-min intervals during 15 sessions of 1 hr for each animal during the 2 study periods. The enrichment devices were categorized as feeding, occupational, and sensorial. The long-term macroevaluation in 3 bears showed statistically significant differences in some types of activity but not in others. There were also statistically significant differences for the use of space in 4 of the 8 zones in which the enclosures were divided. A more homogenous pattern in the use of space was only observed during the enrichment phase in the old female. The 3 brown bears followed different patterns concerning the enrichment program.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biology , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biology , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vinyoles
authors.affiliation: b Barcelona Water Cycle, Anonymous Society , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maté
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000523:psychology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain; D001503:Ursidae / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Baseline; daily activity pattern; enrichment program; ursid; use of space