title: Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medication Among Adolescents Using Drugs in Quebec.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and factors associated with nonmedical use of prescription medication (NMUPM) among adolescents who use drugs (ages 12 to 17 years) in Quebec.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analyses were carried out with data from a 6-month study, namely, the 2010-2011 Quebec Health Survey of High School Students-a large-scale survey that sought to gain a better understanding of the health and well-being of young Quebecers in high school. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to study NMUPM among adolescents who use drugs, according to sociodemographic characteristics, peer characteristics, health indicators (anxiety, depression, or attention-deficit disorder [ADD] with or without hyperactivity), self-competency, family environment, and substance use (alcohol and drug use) factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among adolescents who had used drugs in the previous 12 months, 5.4% (95% CI 4.9% to 6.0%) reported NMUPM. Based on multivariate analyses, having an ADD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.47; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.91), anxiety disorder (AOR 2.14; 95% CI 1.57 to 2.92), low self-esteem (AOR 1.62; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.08), low self-control (AOR 1.95; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.45), low parental supervision (AOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.83), regular alcohol use (AOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.16), and polysubstance use (AOR 4.09; 95% CI 3.06 to 5.48) were associated with increased odds of reporting NMUPM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed prevalence of NMUPM was lower than expected. However, the associations noted with certain mental health disorders and regular or heavy use of other psychoactive substances are troubling. Clinical implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec; Researcher, Research Chair on Addiction, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec.
authors.forename: Élise
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Clinical Sciences Program, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec.
authors.forename: Marc-Antoine
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nolin
authors.affiliation: Research Assistant, Direction des statistiques de santé, Institut de la statistique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Issouf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.affiliation: Public Health Officer, Direction de santé publique de l'agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec; Researcher, Charles LeMoyne Hospital Research Centre, Greenfield Park, Quebec.
authors.forename: Helen-Maria
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Vasiliadis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016487:Parenting; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012649:Self Concept; D000068356:Self-Control; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*