title: Effects of feedback latency on P300-based brain-computer interface.
abstract: Feedback has been shown to affect performance when using a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) based on sensorimotor rhythms. In contrast, little is known about the influence of feedback on P300-based BCIs. There is still an open question whether feedback affects the regulation of P300 and consequently the operation of P300-based BCIs. In this paper, for the first time, the influence of feedback on the P300-based BCI speller task is systematically assessed. For this purpose, 24 healthy participants performed the classic P300-based BCI speller task, while only half of them received feedback. Importantly, the number of flashes per letter was reduced on a regular basis in order to increase the frequency of providing feedback. Experimental results showed that feedback could significantly improve the P300-based BCI speller performance, if it was provided in short time intervals (e.g. in sequences as short as 4 to 6 flashes per row/column). Moreover, our offline analysis showed that providing feedback remarkably enhanced the relevant ERP patterns and attenuated the irrelevant ERP patterns, such that the discrimination between target and non-target EEG trials increased.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arvaneh
authors.forename: Tomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D002138:Calibration; D004569:Electroencephalography; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult