title: Arterial Injury during Percutaneous Nephrostomy: Angiography Findings from an Isolated Porcine Kidney Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent of renal arterial injury incurred by different size of nephrostomy tracts from 10 French (F) to 32F in vitro porcine kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  To simulate the technique of percutaneous nephrostomy we set up 12 groups of different size nephrostomy tracts from 10F to 32F, including 40 nephrostomy tracts in each group. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to inspect and analysis of arterial injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the size of nephrostomy tracts is increased from 10F to 32F, the degree of arterial injury is also aggravated. With 14F compared to 24F, the number of nephrostomy tracts with serious arterial injury was 12 (12/40) and 23 (23/40), respectively (P < .05). With 18F compared to 30F, the number of nephrostomy tracts with serious arterial injury was 16 (16/40) and 30 (28/40), respectively (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the size of nephrostomy tract is increased, the degree of renal arterial injury is also heightened. When 18F tracts was compared to 30F tracts and 14F tracts compared to 24F tracts, obvious reduction of arterial injury is observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sanxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China.
authors.forename: Houmeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ningbo Urologic and Nephrotic Hospital, Qianhe Road 1, Ningbo 315000, China.
authors.forename: Guobin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ningbo Urologic and Nephrotic Hospital, Qianhe Road 1, Ningbo 315000, China.
authors.forename: Xuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ningbo Urologic and Nephrotic Hospital, Qianhe Road 1, Ningbo 315000, China.
authors.forename: Chunbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sanxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China.yhm0130@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Yuxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D013552:Swine; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology