title: Dynamics of Focal Fibrillation Waves during Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.
abstract: The incidence and appearance of focal fibrillation waves on the right and left atrial epicardial surface were visualized during 10 seconds of persistent atrial fibrillation in a 71-year-old woman with valvular heart disease. The frequent, nonrepetitive, widespread, and capricious distribution of focal waves suggests that transmural conduction of fibrillation waves is most likely the mechanism underlying focal fibrillation waves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva A H
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lanters
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maurits A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allessie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Natasja M S
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: DE Groot
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D056149:Epicardial Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans
keywords: atrial fibrillation; cardiac surgery; epicardial mapping; focal waves; substrate