title: Optimizing microdialysis for deep brain stimulation.
abstract: Cerebral microdialysis is a chemical detection method capable of identifying and simultaneously sampling a wide range of substances in the micromilieu of the monitoring probe. The interstitial space of biological tissues and fluids is sampled through a thin fenestrated dialysis catheter inserted into the brain. The technique has been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, the procedure is not widely used by neurosurgeons, possibly owing to unclear indications and poor effective benefits, mostly secondary to significant pitfalls. In spite of the feasibility of microdialysis in humans, many factors can affect the quality of the process. Possible pitfalls include improperly designed probe, probe insertion effects, ineffective perfusion rate, issues to optimize stabilization period, and insufficient volume sample. This article reviews those key technical features necessary for performing microdialysis in humans during deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovideo Pires de Campos, 785, Cerqueira Cesar, 01308-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: William Omar Contreras
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovideo Pires de Campos, 785, Cerqueira Cesar, 01308-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erich Talamoni
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Fonoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovideo Pires de Campos, 785, Cerqueira Cesar, 01308-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hamani
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115.
authors.forename: Travis S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovideo Pires de Campos, 785, Cerqueira Cesar, 01308-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovideo Pires de Campos, 785, Cerqueira Cesar, 01308-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriela dos Santos
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghilardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovideo Pires de Campos, 785, Cerqueira Cesar, 01308-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manoel Jacobsen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Rua Professor Daher Cutait, 69 Sao Paulo, SP, 01308-060, Brazil, quelmartinez@yahoo.com.br 55-1.
authors.forename: Raquel Chacon Ruiz
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D017551:Microdialysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*