title: Low Intensity Exercise Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Potential.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether 12 days of low-to-moderate exercise training at low altitude (598 m a.s.l.) improves skeletal muscle regeneration in sedentary adult women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Satellite cells were obtained from the vastus lateralis skeletal muscle of seven women before and after this exercise training at low altitude. They were investigated for differentiation aspects, superoxide anion production, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial potential variation after a depolarizing insult, intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations, and micro (mi)RNA expression (miR-1, miR-133, miR-206).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In these myogenic populations of adult stem cells, those obtained after exercise training, showed increased Fusion Index and intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. This exercise training also generally reduced superoxide anion production in cells (by 12-67%), although not in two women, where there was an increase of ~15% along with a reduced superoxide dismutase activity. miRNA expression showed an exercise-induced epigenetic transcription profile that was specific according to the reduced or increased superoxide anion production of the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that low-to-moderate exercise training at low altitude improves the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in adult women. The differentiation of cells was favored by increased intracellular calcium concentration and increased the fusion index. This low-to-moderate training at low altitude also depicted the epigenetic signature of cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pietrangelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Ester S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Di Filippo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mancinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doria
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fanò-Illic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fulle
keywords: low-to-moderate intensity exercise training; miRNA; oxidative status; satellite cells; superoxide anion; women