title: Platelet lysate-based pro-angiogenic nanocoatings.
abstract: Human platelet lysate (PL) is a cost-effective and human source of autologous multiple and potent pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A), fibroblast growth factor b (FGF b) and angiopoietin-1. Nanocoatings previously characterized were prepared by layer-by-layer assembling incorporating PL with marine-origin polysaccharides and were shown to activate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Within 20 h of incubation, the more sulfated coatings induced the HUVECS to the form tube-like structures accompanied by an increased expression of angiogenic-associated genes, such as angiopoietin-1 and VEGF A. This may be a cost-effective approach to modify 2D/3D constructs to instruct angiogenic cells towards the formation of neo-vascularization, driven by multiple and synergistic stimulations from the PL combined with sulfated polysaccharides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence, or fast induction, of a stable and mature vasculature inside 3D constructs is crucial for new tissue formation and its viability. This has been one of the major tissue engineering challenges, limiting the dimensions of efficient tissue constructs. Many approaches based on cells, growth factors, 3D bioprinting and channel incorporation have been proposed. Herein, we explored a versatile technique, layer-by-layer assembling in combination with platelet lysate (PL), that is a cost-effective source of many potent pro-angiogenic proteins and growth factors. Results suggest that the combination of PL with sulfated polyelectrolytes might be used to introduce interfaces onto 2D/3D constructs with potential to induce the formation of cell-based tubular structures.
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rogério P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Pirraco
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vítor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuela E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal. Electronic address: jmano@dep.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: João F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mano
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Angiogenesis; Endothelial cells; Growth factors; Instructive surfaces; Layer-by-layer assembling; Platelet lysate