title: A universal multi-wavelength fluorescence polarization immunoassay for multiplexed detection of mycotoxins in maize.
abstract: Multi-analyte immunoassays have attracted increasing attention due to their short assay times, low sample consumption, and reduced detection costs per assay. In this work, we describe a homologous and high-throughput multi-wavelength fluorescence polarization immunoassay (MWFPIA) for the multiplexed detection of mycotoxins. Three typical Fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin and fumonisin B1 (FB1), were labeled with different dyes. Tracers and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were employed in the MWFPIA to simultaneously detect the three mycotoxins. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection using MWFPIA were 242.0 μg kg(-1) for DON, 17.8 μg kg(-1) for T-2 toxin and 331.5 μg kg(-1) for FB1, providing sufficient sensitivity to meet the action levels of these three contaminants in maize as set by the European Union. The use of a methanol/water (2:3, v/v) mixture for sample pretreatment allowed recoveries ranging from 76.5-106.3%, with coefficients of variation less than 21.7%. The total time of analysis, including sample preparation, was less than 30 min. Twenty naturally contaminated maize samples were tested using MWFPIA and HPLC-MS/MS, with correlation coefficients (R(2)) of 0.97 for DON and 0.99 for FB1. By changing the targets of interest, homologous MWFPIA, a method with high sensitivity, a simple procedure and a short analysis time, can easily be extended to other chemical contaminants. Thus, MWFPIA represents a versatile strategy for food safety analysis.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, 712100 Yangling, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tiejun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Suxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wangzhanhui@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhanhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005453:Fluorescence; D016231:Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C056933:fumonisin B1; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Fluorescence polarization immunoassay; Homologous; Maize; Multi-wavelength; Multiplexed detection; Mycotoxins