title: Regular exercise training reverses ectonucleotidase alterations and reduces hyperaggregation of platelets in metabolic syndrome patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in the activity of ectonucleotidase enzymes have been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, whereas regular exercise training has been shown to prevent these alterations. However, nothing is known about it relating to metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated the effect of exercise training on platelet ectonucleotidase enzymes and on the aggregation profile of MetS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 38 MetS patients who performed regular concurrent exercise training for 30 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical profiles, hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides in platelets and platelet aggregation were collected from patients before and after the exercise intervention as well as from individuals of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in the hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) and a decrease in adenosine deamination in the platelets of MetS patients before the exercise intervention were observed (P<0.001). However, these alterations were reversed by exercise training (P<0.001). Additionally, an increase in platelet aggregation was observed in the MetS patients (P<0.001) and the exercise training prevented platelet hyperaggregation in addition to decrease the classic cardiovascular risks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An alteration of ectonucleotidase enzymes occurs during MetS, whereas regular exercise training had a protective effect on these enzymes and on platelet aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Curry
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Collegiate of Nursing, University of Southern Frontier, Chapecó Campus, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margarete Dulce
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bagatini
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia Machado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima Husein
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jucimara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldissarelli
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diéssica Padilha
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dalenogare
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Physical Activity Group, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano Boufleur
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Farinha
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rosa Chitolina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: veramorsch@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vera Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000378:metabolism; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010974:Platelet Aggregation
chemical_list: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C027201:ectoATPase; D000225:Adenine
keywords: Ectonucleotidases; Exercise training; Metabolic syndrome; Platelet aggregation