title: The Fusarium toxin zearalenone and deoxynivalenol affect murine splenic antioxidant functions, interferon levels, and T-cell subsets.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Fusarium toxin zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) on splenic antioxidant functions, IFN levels, and T-cell subsets in mice. Herein, 360 mice were assigned to nine groups for a 12-day study. Mice were administered an intraperitoneal injection for 4 consecutive days with different concentrations of ZEA alone, DON alone, or ZEA+DON. Spleen and blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 5, 8, and 12. Mice in each of the experimental groups showed dysreglated splenic antioxidant functions, IFN levels, and T-cell subset frequencies, suggesting that the immune system had been affected. The ZEA+DON-treated groups, especially the group that received a higher concentration of ZEA+DON (Group D2Z2), showed more obvious effects on the dysregulation of splenic antioxidant functions, IFN levels, and T-cell subsets. This finding suggested that DON and ZEA exerted synergistic effects.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: zhihua_ren@126.com.
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: 847767028@qq.com.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China. Electronic address: 52352906@qq.com.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: dengjl213@126.com.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: zzcjl@126.com.
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: 466253848@qq.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: pengxi197313@163.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: cui580420@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: 1253935366@qq.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: yayushumin@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: shenliuhong@sohu.com.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: 476890104@qq.com.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D015025:Zearalenone; D007372:Interferons; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Antioxidant functions; Deoxynivalenol; Interferon; Mice; T-cell subsets; Zearalenone