title: Improved immunogenicity of high-dose influenza vaccine compared to standard-dose influenza vaccine in adult oncology patients younger than 65 years receiving chemotherapy: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients undergoing chemotherapy often fail to develop robust responses to influenza vaccination. Compared to standard-dose influenza vaccine (SD), high-dose influenza vaccine (HD) has shown improved immunogenicity and protection against influenza illness in adults 65 years and older. This study compared the immunogenicity and tolerability of HD to SD in adults younger than 65 years of age receiving chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blind study randomized patients receiving chemotherapy to vaccination with either SD or HD influenza vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI) were performed prior to and 4 weeks after vaccination. HAI were summarized as geometric mean titers (GMT), seroconversion rates, and seroprotection rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 105 subjects were enrolled in the trial (51 received SD and 54 received HD). Subjects were well matched for demographic and medical conditions. Both vaccines were well tolerated with no SAEs. Of the 100 subjects with evaluable data, seroconversion rates for all 3 influenza antigens & post-vaccination GMTs for H3N2 & B strains were significantly improved with HD compared to SD. Seroprotection was excellent and equivalent in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trivalent high-dose influenza vaccine can be safely administered to patients receiving chemotherapy with improved immunogenicity and seroconversion compared to standard-dose vaccine. Post-vaccination seroprotection rates were similar in both groups. A larger study is needed to show clinical benefits with HD in this population. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01666782.
authors.affiliation: Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621, USA. Electronic address: Saad.Jamshed@rochesterregional.org.
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamshed
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621, USA. Electronic address: Edward.Walsh@rochesterregional.org.
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Nazareth College, Department of Nursing, 4245 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14618, USA. Electronic address: ldimitr9@naz.edu.
authors.forename: Lynda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dimitroff
authors.affiliation: Nazareth College, Department of Nursing, 4245 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14618, USA. Electronic address: jsantel1@naz.edu.
authors.forename: Jeanine Seguin
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Santelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621, USA. Electronic address: Ann.Falsey@rochesterregional.org.
authors.forename: Ann R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Falsey
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Cancer; Chemotherapy; Flu; High dose; Influenza; Vaccine