title: HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity: Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target.
abstract: Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with incident cardiovascular events; however, many therapies targeting increases in HDL-C have failed to show consistent clinical benefit. Thus, focus has recently shifted toward measuring high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function. HDL is the key mediator of reverse cholesterol transport, the process of cholesterol extraction from foam cells, and eventual excretion into the biliary system. Cholesterol efflux from peripheral macrophages to HDL particles has been associated with atherosclerosis in both animals and humans. We review the mechanism of cholesterol efflux and the emerging evidence on the association between cholesterol efflux capacity and cardiovascular disease in human studies. We also focus on the completed and ongoing trials of novel therapies targeting different aspects of HDL cholesterol efflux.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA. Anish.bhatt@phhs.org.
authors.forename: Anish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA. anand.rohatgi@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rohatgi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001692:Biological Transport; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular; Cholesterol efflux; HDL; Reverse cholesterol transport