title: Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in Chinese hospitals in 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In China, several measures have been adopted to decrease unnecessary antimicrobial overuse since 2010. This study aimed to identify characteristics of antimicrobial use in Chinese hospitals after implementing these measures and to explore additional targets for future antimicrobial stewardship.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2012, point prevalence surveys conducted in Chinese hospitals included inpatients who were admitted for at least 24 hours. Details regarding infection, antimicrobial use, and bacterial cultures were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A survey of 786,028 inpatients in 1,313 hospitals included prevalence of health care-associated (3.22%) and community-acquired infections (22.52%); antimicrobial use prevalence (AUP, 38.39%); bacterial culture rate (BCR, 40.16%); and proportions of administration of a single antimicrobial (75.33%), therapeutic (23.16%), prophylactic (11.99%), and therapeutic plus prophylactic (3.24%) AUP rates. Prophylactic AUP rates of hospitals with <300, 300-599, 600-899, and ≥900 beds were 14.23%, 12.45%, 11.45%, and 11.34%, respectively. However, BCRs increased with increasing hospital bed numbers. AUP rates for surgical patients with classes I, II, and III wounds were 45.19%, 68.18%, and 68.47%, respectively. Prophylactic AUP rates for surgical patients decreased with increasing hospital bed numbers. These indices varied among different hospital departments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More efforts are needed toward small hospitals, prophylactic antimicrobial use for surgical patients, and departments with low BCRs to optimize the clinical antimicrobial use.
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Ximao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Medical Administration Bureau, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Medical Administration Bureau, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Ruie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Chenchao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address: xywuanhua@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Anhua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002681:China; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antimicrobial use; Chinese hospitals; Point prevalence surveys