title: The role of bile acids in metabolic regulation.
abstract: Bile acids (BA), long believed to only have lipid-digestive functions, have emerged as novel metabolic modulators. They have important endocrine effects through multiple cytoplasmic as well as nuclear receptors in various organs and tissues. BA affect multiple functions to control energy homeostasis, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, predominantly by activating the nuclear farnesoid X receptor and the cytoplasmic G protein-coupled BA receptor TGR5 in a variety of tissues. However, BA also are aimed at many other cellular targets in a wide array of organs and cell compartments. Their role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity and other 'diseases of civilization' becomes even more clear. They also interact with the gut microbiome, with important clinical implications, further extending the complexity of their biological functions. Therefore, it is not surprising that BA metabolism is substantially modulated by bariatric surgery, a phenomenon contributing favorably to the therapeutic effects of these surgical procedures. Based on these data, several therapeutic approaches to ameliorate obesity and diabetes have been proposed to affect the cellular targets of BA.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech RepublicInstitute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of EndocrinologyCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech RepublicInstitute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of EndocrinologyCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic vitek@cesnet.cz.
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vítek
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech RepublicInstitute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of EndocrinologyCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech RepublicInstitute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of EndocrinologyCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haluzík
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003248:Constipation / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases; D008660:Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000502:physiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005947:Glucose; D054795:Incretins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C473772:GPBAR1 protein, human
keywords: bariatric surgery; bile acids; diabetes; energy homeostasis; obesity