title: Effect of degree of conversion on in vivo biocompatibility of flowable resin used for bioprotection of mini-implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the biocompatibility and degree of monomer conversion of flowable resins used as bioprotective materials of orthodontic mini-implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n  =  12). Group Control (polyethylene), Group Wave, Group Top Comfort, and Group Filtek. The animals were sacrificed after time intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days and tissues were analyzed under optical microscopy for inflammatory infiltrate, edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, multinucleated giant cells, and collagen formation. The degree of conversion was evaluated by the Fourier method. Biocompatibility and degree of conversion were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, and analysis of variance and the Tukey test, respectively (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An intense inflammatory infiltrate was observed on the seventh day, with Groups Top Comfort and Filtek differing statistically from Group Control (P  =  .016). Edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, and giant cells showed greater expressiveness at 7 days, without statistical difference between them (P > .05). For the presence of collagen fibers, Group Top Comfort was shown to differ statistically from Group Control (P  =  .037) at 15 days and from Groups Filtek and Control (P  =  .008) at 30 days. Monomer conversion ranged from 62.3% in Group Top Comfort at 7 days to 79.1% in Group Filtek at 30 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis was rejected. The resin Top Comfort demonstrated lower tissue repair capacity with a lower number of collagen fibers compared with Filtek and Wave resins. The resin Top Comfort showed the lowest conversion values during the experiment.
authors.affiliation: a  Professor, Degree Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lacerda-Santos
authors.affiliation: b  Master's Student, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Izaura Helena Chaves
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: de Meneses
authors.affiliation: b  Master's Student, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gêisa Aiane de Morais
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: c  Professor, Degree Program in Dentistry, State University of Southwest Bahia, Jequié, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Melo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pithon
authors.affiliation: d  Professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Polliana Muniz
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003188:Composite Resins; D015921:Dental Implants; D004487:Edema; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009336:Necrosis; D020959:Polyethylene; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003188:Composite Resins; D015921:Dental Implants; D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Biocompatibility; Mini-implants; Orthodontics; Resin