title: Cerium doped red mud catalytic ozonation for bezafibrate degradation in wastewater: Efficiency, intermediates, and toxicity.
abstract: In this study, the performance of bezafibrate (BZF) degradation and detoxification in the aqueous phase using cerium-modified red mud (RM) catalysts prepared using different cerium sources and synthesis methods were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the surface cerium modification was responsible for the development of the catalytic activity of RM and this was influenced by the cerium source and the synthesis method. Catalyst prepared from cerium (IV) by precipitation was found to show the best catalytic activity in BZF degradation and detoxification. Reactive oxygen species including peroxides, hydroxyl radicals, and super oxide ions were identified in all reactions and we proposed the corresponding catalytic reaction mechanism for each catalyst that prepared from different cerium source and method. This was supported by the intermediates profiles that were generated upon BZF degradation. The surface and the structural properties of cerium-modified RM were characterized in detail by several analytical methods. Two interesting findings were made: (1) the surface texture (specific surface area and mesoporous volume) influenced the catalytic reaction pathway; and (2) Ce(III) species and oxygen vacancies were generated on the surface of the catalyst after cerium modification. This plays an important role in the development of the catalytic activity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
authors.forename: Bingbing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China. Electronic address: qifei@bjfu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Dezhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China. Electronic address: zhonglinchen@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS-UMR 7515-University of Strasbourg, Saint-Avold Antenna, Université de Lorraine, 12 rue Victor Demange, 57500 Saint-Avold, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D001629:Bezafibrate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002563:Cerium; D010126:Ozone; D001629:Bezafibrate
keywords: Bezafibrate; Cerium; Ozonation; Reactive oxygen species; Red mud