title: High Performance Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells with E-beam-Processed TiOx Electron Extraction Layer.
abstract: Perovskite hybrid solar cells (pero-HSCs) have drawn great attention in the last 5 years. The efficiencies of pero-HSCs have been boosted from 3.8% to over 20%. However, one of the bottlenecks for commercialization of pero-HSCs is to make a high electrical conductive TiOx electron extraction layer (EEL). In this study, we report high performance pero-HSCs with TiOx EEL, where the TiOx EEL is fabricated by electron beam (e-beam) evaporation, which has been proved to be a well-developed manufacturing process. The resistance of the e-beam evaporated TiOx EEL is smaller than that of sol-gel processed TiOx EEL. Moreover, the dark current densities and interfacial charge carrier recombination of pero-HSCs incorporated with e-beam processed TiOx EEL is also smaller than that of pero-HSCs incorporated with sol-gel processed TiOx EEL. All these result in efficient pero-HSCs with high reproducibility. These results demonstrate that our method provides a simple and facile way to approach high performance pero-HSCs.
authors.affiliation: College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.
authors.forename: Tianyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.
authors.forename: Tianda
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Enizi
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Program College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University , PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elzatahry
authors.affiliation: College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
keywords: compact TiOx layer; electron beam evaporation; electron extraction layer; high short circuit current density; perovskite hybrid solar cells