title: Ultrahigh Performance of Novel Capacitive Deionization Electrodes based on A Three-Dimensional Graphene Architecture with Nanopores.
abstract: In order to achieve optimal desalination during capacitive deionization (CDI), CDI electrodes should possess high electrical conductivity, large surface area, good wettability to water, narrow pore size distribution and efficient pathways for ion and electron transportation. In this work, we fabricated a novel CDI electrode based on a three-dimensional graphene (3DG) architecture by constructing interconnected graphene sheets with in-plane nanopores (NP-3DG). As compared to 3DG, NP-3DG features a larger specific surface area of 445 m(2) g(-1) and therefore the higher specific capacitance. The ultrahigh electrosorptive capacity of NP-3DG predicted from Langmuir isotherm is 17.1 mg g(-1) at a cell potential of 1.6 V. This can be attributed to the interconnected macropores within the graphene networks and nanopores on graphene sheets. Both of macropores and nanopores are favorable for enhancing CDI performance by buffering ions to reduce the diffusion distances from the external electrolyte to the interior surfaces and enlarging the surface area.
authors.affiliation: Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.|College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Xiehong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zhi Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.|School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tupei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hui Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang