title: Metabolic effects as a cause of myotoxic effects of fluoroquinolones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if fluoroquinolones (FQs) influence skeletal muscle metabolism of healthy and malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval from of the Animal Care Committee, 10 MHS pigs, and 6 MHS pigs were anesthetized with hemodynamic and systemic metabolic monitoring. Microdialysis catheters were placed intramuscularly. After equilibration, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were injected as a rapid bolus and continuous infusions. Lactate was measured in the dialysate and statistically analyzed was done (Wilcoxon-test; U-test; P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in age, weight, and baseline lactate levels between the groups. Both applications of levofloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-induced an increase of local lactate levels in healthy and MHS pigs. No difference between the two groups was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FQs influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Myotoxic effects of FQs can, therefore, be explained by an influence on the cellular energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Metterlein
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roewer
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Achdorf Hospital, Landshut, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anetseder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001530:Belgium; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D064704:Levofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D017551:Microdialysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin
keywords: Fluoroquinolones; malignant hyperthermia; metabolism; myotoxicity