title: High Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Wild and Domestic Birds in Northeastern China from 2013 to 2015 Reveals Potential Epidemic Trends.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND), caused by the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important viral diseases of birds globally, but little is currently known regarding enzootic trends of NDV in northeastern China, especially for class I viruses. Thus, we performed a surveillance study for NDV in northeastern China from 2013 to 2015. A total 755 samples from wild and domestic birds in wetlands and live bird markets (LBMs) were collected, and 10 isolates of NDV were identified. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that five isolates from LBMs belong to class I subgenotype 1b, two (one from wild birds and one from LBMs) belong to the vaccine-like class II genotype II, and three (all from wild birds) belong to class II subgenotype Ib. Interestingly, the five class I isolates had epidemiological connections with viruses from southern, eastern, and southeastern China. Our findings, together with recent prevalence trends of class I and virulent class II NDV in China, suggest possible virus transmission between wild and domestic birds and the potential for an NDV epidemic in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Pingze
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Guangyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Yanyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yuzhang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stoeger
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China yin@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Renfu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D058872:Epidemics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral