title: Effect of Capparis spinosa L. on cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose in mice via inhibition of oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the phenolic acid levels and DNA damage protection potential of Capparis spinosa L. seed extract and to investigate the effect of the extract on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in an Alzheimer disease mice model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty BALB/c mice divided into 5 groups (control, D-galactose, D-galactose + C. spinosa 50, D-galactose + C. spinosa 100, D-galactose + C. spinosa 200) were used. Mice were administered an injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and orally administered C. spinosa (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Syringic acid was detected and the total amount was 204.629 µg/g. Addition of 0.05 mg/mL C. spinosa extract provided significant protection against the damage of DNA bands. C. spinosa attenuated D-galactose-induced learning dysfunctions in mice and significantly increased memory retention. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities decreased in the D-galactose group. C. spinosa (200 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased MDA level and increased SOD, GPx, and CAT activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that C. spinosa has the potential in ameliorating cognitive deficits induced by D-galactose in mice and the antioxidant activity may partially account for the improvement of learning and memory function.
authors.forename: Nergiz Hacer
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.forename: Haki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arslanbaş
authors.forename: Derya Güliz
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mert
authors.forename: Bektaş
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tepe
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Güngör
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D031484:Capparis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005690:Galactose; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012639:Seeds; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D005690:Galactose