title: Multifunctional Polyphenols- and Catecholamines-Based Self-Defensive Films for Health Care Applications.
abstract: In an era of relentless evolution of antimicrobial resistance, there is an increasing demand for the development of efficient antimicrobial coatings or surfaces for food, biomedical, and industrial applications. This study reports the laccase-catalyzed room-temperature synthesis of mechanically robust, thermally stable, broad spectrum antimicrobial films employing interfacial interactions between poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, and 14 naturally occurring catecholamines and polyphenols. The oxidative products of catecholamines and polyphenols reinforce the PVA films and also alter their surface and bulk properties. Among the catecholamines-reinforced films, optimum surface and bulk properties can be achieved by the oxidative products of epinephrine. For polyphenols, structure-property correlation reveals an increase in surface roughness and elasticity of PVA films with increasing number of phenolic groups in the precursors. Interestingly, PVA films reinforced with oxidized/polymerized products of pyrogallol (PG) and epinephrine (EP) display potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, whereas hydroquinone (HQ)-reinforced PVA films display excellent antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria only. We further demonstrate that HQ and PG films retain their antimicrobial efficacy after steam sterilization. With an increasing trend of giving value to natural and renewable resources, our results have the potential as durable self-defensive antimicrobial surfaces/films for advanced healthcare and industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: Chetna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dhand
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: Sriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harini
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: Mayandi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: Shouping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921.
authors.forename: Navin Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Seeram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore 168751.|SRP in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Beuerman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602.
authors.forename: Xian Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore 168751.|SRP in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
authors.forename: Rajamani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lakshminarayanan
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D018857:Food Packaging; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; C106069:PVA-AA; D059808:Polyphenols; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D042845:Laccase
keywords: antimicrobial films; catecholamines; laccase-catalyzed; polyphenols; self-defensive