title: Evidences for anti-mycobacterium activities of lipids and surfactants.
abstract: Tuberculosis is the most widespread and deadly airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The two-pronged lethal effect on the bacteria using lipids/surfactants and anti-tubercular drugs may render the miniaturization of dose owing to synergistic and tandem effect of both. The current research has been focused on screening and evaluating various lipids/surfactants possessing inherent anti-mycobacterium activity that can ferry the anti-tubercular drugs. In vitro anti-mycobacterium activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, time-concentration dependent killing and DNA/RNA content release studies were performed to correlate the findings. The exact mechanism of bacterial killing was further elucidated by electron/atomic force microscopy studies. Finally, to negate any toxicity, in vitro hemolysis and toxicity studies were performed. The study revealed that capmul MCM C-8, labrasol and acconon C-80 possessed highest in vitro anti-mycobacterium activity. Electron/atomic force microscopy results confirmed in vitro studies and verified the killing of Mycobacterium owing to the release of cytoplasmic content after cell wall fragmentation and disruption. Moreover, the least hemolysis and hundred percent survivals rate of mice using the excipients demonstrated the safety aspects of explored excipients that can ferry the anti-tubercular drugs. The present study concluded the safe, efficient and synergistic activity of the explored excipients and anti-tubercular drugs in controlling the menace of tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
authors.forename: Afzal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India. dr.sandeep_pharmaceutics@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005079:Excipients / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000187:drug effects; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; C000604724:Capmul MCM C8; D005079:Excipients; D005989:Glycerides; D008055:Lipids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C440220:Labrasol
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Histopathology; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv; Transmission electron microscopy