title: Protective effect of rutin on cognitive impairment caused by phenytoin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of the co-administration of phenytoin (PHT) and rutin in comparison with PHT and piracetam (PIM) on seizure control, cognitive, and motor functions in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Increasing current electroshock seizure (ICES) test was used to evaluate the effect of the co-administration of PHT and PIM on convulsions. Cognitive functions in mice were assessed by a spontaneous alternation in behavior on a plus maze while motor functions were screened using rolling roller apparatus and by counting the number of arms entries on a plus maze. Brain acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) activity was also estimated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of data was done as mean ± standard error of the mean. The normally distributed data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed that rutin when co-administered with PHT, significantly reversed PHT-induced reduction in spontaneous alternation without altering the efficacy of PHT against ICES, in both acute and chronic studies. Further, it also reversed PHT-induced increase in AChE activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rutin alleviated the PHT-induced cognitive impairment without compromising its antiepileptic efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shagun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganeshpurkar
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nazneen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D000068079:Motor Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010889:Piracetam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D012431:Rutin; D010672:Phenytoin; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C548245:Ache protein, mouse; D010889:Piracetam
keywords: Acetyl-cholinesterase; cognitive functions; diphenylhydantoin; rutin