title: Overexpression of sonic hedgehog in the triple negative breast cancer: clinicopathological characteristics of high burden breast cancer patients from Bangladesh.
abstract: Dysregulation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been documented in mammary gland development and breast cancer (BC) progression. Despite the remarkable progress in therapeutic interventions, BC related mortality in Bangladesh increased in the last decade. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) still presents a critical therapeutic challenge. Thus effective targeted therapy is urgently needed. In this study, we report the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of BC patients from Bangladesh. Routine immunohistochemical analysis and high throughput RNA-Seq data from the TCGA library were used to analyze the expression pattern and association of high and low level of Shh expression in a collection of BC patients with a long-term follow-up. High levels of Shh were observed in a subset of BC tumors with poor prognostic pathological features. Higher level of Shh expression correlated with a significantly poorer overall survival of patients compared with patients whose tumors expressed a low level of Shh. These data support the contention that Shh could be a novel biomarker for breast cancer that is involved in mediating the aggressive phenotype of BC. We propose that BC patients exhibiting a higher level of Shh expression, representing a subset of BC patients, would be amenable to Shh targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Noman
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nayeem
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khatun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahiduzzaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barua
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Experimental Therapeutic Section, Division of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aboussekhra
authors.affiliation: Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yeger
authors.affiliation: Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Experimental Therapeutic Section, Division of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, KSA.|Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015870:Gene Expression; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins