title: Genesis of charge orders in high temperature superconductors.
abstract: One of the most puzzling facts about cuprate high-temperature superconductors in the lightly doped regime is the coexistence of uniform superconductivity and/or antiferromagnetism with many low-energy charge-ordered states in a unidirectional charge density wave or a bidirectional checkerboard structure. Recent experiments have discovered that these charge density waves exhibit different symmetries in their intra-unit-cell form factors for different cuprate families. Using a renormalized mean-field theory for a well-known, strongly correlated model of cuprates, we obtain a number of charge-ordered states with nearly degenerate energies without invoking special features of the Fermi surface. All of these self-consistent solutions have a pair density wave intertwined with a charge density wave and sometimes a spin density wave. Most of these states vanish in the underdoped regime, except for one with a large d-form factor that vanishes at approximately 19% doping of the holes, as reported by experiments. Furthermore, these states could be modified to have a global superconducting order, with a nodal-like density of states at low energy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Daan Taipei 10617, Taiwan.|Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Kuo
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee