title: Antibiofilm Activity of Electrical Current in a Catheter Model.
abstract: Catheter-associated infections are difficult to treat with available antimicrobial agents because of their biofilm etiology. We examined the effect of low-amperage direct electrical current (DC) exposure on established bacterial and fungal biofilms in a novel experimental in vitro catheter model. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida parapsilosis biofilms were grown on the inside surfaces of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheters, after which 0, 100, 200, or 500 μA of DC was delivered via intraluminally placed platinum electrodes. Catheter biofilms and intraluminal fluid were quantitatively cultured after 24 h and 4 days of DC exposure. Time- and dose-dependent biofilm killing was observed with all amperages and durations of DC administration. Twenty-four hours of 500 μA of DC sterilized the intraluminal fluid for all bacterial species studied; no viable bacteria were detected after treatment of S. epidermidis and S. aureus biofilms with 500 μA of DC for 4 days.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Voegele
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Badiola
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Suzannah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Malan
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Karau
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Kerryl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Greenwood-Quaintance
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Jayawant N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mandrekar
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA patel.robin@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D002175:Candida / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D057785:Catheters / Q000382:microbiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology