title: Light-quality and temperature-dependent CBF14 gene expression modulates freezing tolerance in cereals.
abstract: C-repeat binding factor 14 (CBF14) is a plant transcription factor that regulates a set of cold-induced genes, contributing to enhanced frost tolerance during cold acclimation. Many CBF genes are induced by cool temperatures and regulated by day length and light quality, which affect the amount of accumulated freezing tolerance. Here we show that a low red to far-red ratio in white light enhances CBF14 expression and increases frost tolerance at 15°C in winter Triticum aesitivum and Hordeum vulgare genotypes, but not in T. monococcum (einkorn), which has a relatively low freezing tolerance. Low red to far-red ratio enhances the expression of PHYA in all three species, but induces PHYB expression only in einkorn. Based on our results, a model is proposed to illustrate the supposed positive effect of phytochrome A and the negative influence of phytochrome B on the enhancement of freezing tolerance in cereals in response to spectral changes of incident light.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CBF-regulon, barley, cereals, cold acclimation, freezing tolerance, light regulation, low red/far-red ratio, phytochrome, wheat.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary Doctoral School of Molecular- and Nanotechnologies, Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
authors.forename: Aliz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Boldizsár
authors.affiliation: Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Ádám
authors.affiliation: Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kozma-Bognár
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Majláth
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Båga
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary Doctoral School of Molecular- and Nanotechnologies, Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chibbar
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary Festetics Doctoral School, Department of Meteorology and Water Management, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary galiba.gabor@agrar.mta.hu.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galiba
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005615:Freezing; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D010834:Phytochrome