title: Systematic review of universal resilience interventions targeting child and adolescent mental health in the school setting: review protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mental health of children and adolescents is a key area of health concern internationally. Previous empirical studies suggest that resilience may act as a protective mechanism towards the development of mental health problems. Resilience refers to the ability to employ a collection of protective factors to return to or maintain positive mental health following disadvantage or adversity. Schools represent a potential setting within which protective factors of all children and adolescents may be fostered through resilience-focussed interventions. Despite this potential, limited research has investigated the effectiveness of universal school-based resilience-focussed interventions on mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. The objective of the present review is to assess the effects of universal school-based resilience-focussed interventions, relative to a comparison group, on mental health outcomes in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies will be randomised (including cluster-randomised) controlled trials of universal interventions explicitly described as resilience-focussed or comprising strategies to strengthen a minimum of three internal protective factors, targeting children aged 5 to 18 years, implemented within schools, and reporting a mental health outcome. Screening for studies will be conducted across six electronic databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two reviewers will retrieve eligible articles, assess risk of bias, and extract data. Where studies are sufficiently homogenous and reported outcomes are amenable for pooled synthesis, meta-analysis will be performed. Narrative description will be used to synthesise trial outcome data where data cannot be combined or heterogeneity exists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review will aid in building an evidence base for the effectiveness of universal school-based resilience-focussed interventions and in doing so provide an opportunity to better inform the development of interventions to potentially prevent mental health problems in child and adolescent populations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PROSPERO CRD42015025908.
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia. julia.dray@uon.edu.au.|The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. julia.dray@uon.edu.au.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mc, NSW, 2310, Australia. julia.dray@uon.edu.au.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dray
authors.affiliation: The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. jenny.bowman@newcastle.edu.au.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mc, NSW, 2310, Australia. jenny.bowman@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia. luke.wolfenden@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. luke.wolfenden@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mc, NSW, 2310, Australia. luke.wolfenden@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolfenden
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia. libby.campbell@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. libby.campbell@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mc, NSW, 2310, Australia. libby.campbell@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. megan.freund@newcastle.edu.au.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mc, NSW, 2310, Australia. megan.freund@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia. rebecca.hodder@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. rebecca.hodder@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mc, NSW, 2310, Australia. rebecca.hodder@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hodder
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia. john.wiggers@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. john.wiggers@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mc, NSW, 2310, Australia. john.wiggers@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiggers
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000067697:Adolescent Health; D002648:Child; D000067576:Child Health; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008603:Mental Health; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012572:School Health Services; D012574:Schools; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic