title: Transcranial focal electrical stimulation reduces seizure activity and hippocampal glutamate release during status epilepticus.
abstract: Previously we demonstrated that noninvasive transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) with sub-effective doses of diazepam reduces status epilepticus (SE)-induced neuronal damage. However, it was unclear if this neuroprotective effect is a consequence of the decrease in the glutamate release. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of TFS on γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate release in the hippocampus during pilocarpine-induced SE. After pilocarpine administration, the rats showed progressive behavioral changes that culminated in SE with a significant increase of GABA and glutamate (95 and 128% respectively), even more evident at the end of the experiment (120 and 182% respectively), 5 hours after pilocarpine injection and was associated with the prevalence of high-voltage rhythmic spikes and increased spectral power in the 4-90 Hz bands. The TFS application during the SE decreased the convulsive expression, the prevalence of high-voltage rhythmic spikes and spectral power in 4-8 Hz and 30-90 Hz bands. These effects were associated with lower release of GABA and glutamate in the hippocampus. These results support the anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects induced by TFS.
authors.forename: Cesar E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Santana-Gomez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alcantara-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Hiram
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luna-Munguia
authors.forename: Ivette
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Banuelos-Cabrera
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magdaleno-Madrigal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.forename: Luisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Walter G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Besio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010862:Pilocarpine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid