title: Designing anthraquinone-pyrrole redox intercalating probes for electrochemical gene detection.
abstract: The real-time quantitative electrochemical monitoring of nucleic acid amplification through PCR is a promising renowned methodology to detect pathogenic DNAs. In this work, anthraquinone-pyrrole derivatives based redox intercalating probes (AP probes: AP1, AP2) have been designed, synthesized, characterized and successfully demonstrated in real-time like quantitative PCR. The rationally designed AP probes exhibited excellent DNA binding abilities and electrochemical behaviors. The binding parameters such as binding constant, binding site size and diffusion coefficient were estimated which were comparable to literature reports. Besides, the AP probes are highly stable under PCR thermal conditions and did not inhibit PCR. Therefore, a real-time like quantification of DNA amplification was demonstrated to quantify the initial copy number of target genes. The probe AP2 has excellent ability to detect ~10(3) copies of target tpc DNA with good sensitivity. The AP probes are metal-free, easily synthesizable, non-toxic, thermally stable and feasible for miniaturized PCR chips.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yung-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Veerappan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: ws75624@ntut.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sheng-Tung
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Applied Research Lab, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Chiuen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: WinSense Biotech Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: His-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Peter Shan
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D011758:Pyrroles; D004247:DNA
keywords: Biosensor; DNA amplification; DNA sensor; Electrochemistry; Molecular design; Polymerase chain reaction