title: Tobacco alkaloids reduction by casings added/enzymatic hydrolysis treatments assessed through PLSR analysis.
abstract: Based on encouraged development of potential reduced-exposure products (PREPs) by the US Institute of Medicine, casings (glucose and peptides) added treatments (CAT) and enzymatic (protease and xylanase) hydrolysis treatments (EHT) were developed to study their effect on alkaloids reduction in tobacco and cigarette mainstream smoke (MS) and further investigate the correlation between sensory attributes and alkaloids. Results showed that the developed treatments reduced nicotine by 14.5% and 24.4% in tobacco and cigarette MS, respectively, indicating that both CAT and EHT are potentially effective for developing lower-risk cigarettes. Sensory and electronic nose analysis confirmed the significant influence of treatments on sensory and cigarette MS components. PLSR analysis demonstrated that tobacco alkaloids were positively correlated to the off-taste, irritation and impact attributes, and negatively correlated to the aroma and softness attributes. Additionally, nicotine and anabasine from tobacco leaves positively contributed to the impact attribute, while they negatively contributed to the aroma attribute (P<0.05). Meanwhile, most alkaloids in cigarette MS positively contributed to the impact and irritation attributes (P<0.05). Hence, this study paved a way to better understand the correlation between tobacco alkaloids and sensory attributes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Shunshun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: xmzhang@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 200235 Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Shiqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khizar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayat
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Research and Development, AAFUD Industry (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd, Zhuhai 519085, Guangdong, PR China.
authors.forename: Karangwa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eric
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Majeed
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D062609:Electronic Nose; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D013649:Taste; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D010455:Peptides; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Cigarette mainstream smoke; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Glucose; Nicotine; Partial least squares regression (PLSR); Risk; Sensory attributes; Tobacco alkaloids