title: Selection on Mitochondrial Variants Occurs between and within Individuals in an Expanding Invasion.
abstract: Mitochondria are critical for life, yet their underlying evolutionary biology is poorly understood. In particular, little is known about interaction between two levels of evolution: between individuals and within individuals (competition between cells, mitochondria or mitochondrial DNA molecules). Rapid evolution is suspected to occur frequently in mitochondrial DNA, whose maternal inheritance predisposes advantageous mutations to sweep rapidly though populations. Rapid evolution is also predicted in response to changed selection regimes after species invasion or removal of pathogens or competitors. Here, using empirical and simulated data from a model invasive bird species, we provide the first demonstration of rapid selection on the mitochondrial genome within individuals in the wild. Further, we show differences in mitochondrial DNA copy number associated with competing genetic variants, which may provide a mechanism for selection. We provide evidence for three rarely documented phenomena: selection associated with mitochondrial DNA abundance, selection on the mitochondrial control region, and contemporary selection during invasion.
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia lee.rollins@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rollins
authors.affiliation: Biosecurity Branch, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Attwood, Vic, Australia Vertebrate Pest Research Section, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Forrestfield, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Woolnough
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Fanson
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia Biosecurity Flagship, CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: Tamsyn M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Alan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.affiliation: Biosecurity SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Sherwin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D058865:Introduced Species; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D012641:Selection, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: heteroplasmy; invasive species; mitochondrial DNA copy number; rapid evolution