title: Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Cotesia plutellae to plant volatiles.
abstract: Plant volatiles have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating the behavior of Cotesia plutellae, a major larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, but little is currently known about the function of each volatile and their mixtures. We selected 13 volatiles of the DBM host plant, a cruciferous vegetable, to study the electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of C. plutellae. EAG responses to each of the compounds generally increased with concentration. Strong EAG responses were to 100 μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal and cis-3-hexenol, and 10 μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde with the strongest response provoked by trans-2-hexenal at 100 μL/mL. In the Y-tube olfactometer, C. plutellae, was significantly attracted by 1 μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde. β-caryophyllene, cis-3-hexenol or trans-2-hexenal significantly attracted C. plutellae at 10 μL/mL, while nonanal, benzyl alcohol, cis-3-hexenol or benzyl cyanide at 100 μL/mL significantly attracted C. plutellae. Trans-2-hexenal significantly repelled C. plutellae at 100 μL/mL. EAG of C. plutellae showed strong responses to all mixtures made of five various compounds with mixtures 3 (trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, cis-3-hexenol, benzyl cyanide, farnesene, eucalyptol) and 4 (trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, (R)-(+)-limonene, β-ionone, farnesene, eucalyptol) significantly attracting C. plutellae. These findings demonstrate that the behavior of C. plutellae can be affected either by individual compounds or mixtures of plant volatiles, suggesting a potential of using plant volatiles to improve the efficiency of this parasitoid for biocontrol of P. xylostella.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry Agriculture, Fuzhou, China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Putian, China.
authors.forename: You-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University & NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoff M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gurr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Liette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vasseur
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry Agriculture, Fuzhou, China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Min-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000502:physiology*; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D009036:Moths / Q000469:parasitology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010944:Plants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Cotesia plutellae; behavioral response; electroantennogram response; herbivore-induced plant volatile