title: Surgical Navigation Improves the Precision and Accuracy of Tibial Component Alignment in Canine Total Knee Replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine whether computer-assisted surgical navigation improves the accuracy of tibial component alignment in canine total knee replacement (TKR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective radiographic review and prospective ex vivo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine TKR radiographs (n = 17 sets) and canine cadaveric stifles (n = 12).
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographs from TKR surgical workshops were reviewed to determine the incidence and magnitude of tibial component malalignment. Tibial component alignment was compared after either standard ("surgeon-guided") component placement or computer-assisted ("navigation-guided") placement. Results were compared against the current recommendations of a neutral (0° varus-valgus) ostectomy in the frontal plane and 6° of caudal slope in the sagittal plane. A prospective cadaveric study was then undertaken by performing TKR in 12 canine stifle joints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malalignment of >3° in the frontal and sagittal planes was identified in 12% and 24% of the radiographs from the retrospective review, respectively. Surgical navigation reduced both the mean error (P = .007) and the variability in frontal plane alignment (P < .001) as compared with surgeon-guided procedures. The mean error in sagittal plane alignment was not significantly different (P = .321), but variability in alignment was significantly lower when navigation was used (P = .008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical navigation significantly improved accuracy and decreased variability in tibial component alignment in canine TKR. Clinical trials would be required to determine whether these improvements in surgical accuracy lead to better clinical outcomes in terms of joint function and a reduction in long-term implant wear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences.
authors.forename: Kaleigh M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Siston
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertran
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences.|Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D002102:Cadaver; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D009068:Movement; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013264:Stifle / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000662:veterinary*; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*