title: P2X ion channel receptors and inflammation.
abstract: Neuroinflammation limits tissue damage in response to pathogens or injury and promotes repair. There are two stages of inflammation, initiation and resolution. P2X receptors are gaining attention in relation to immunology and inflammation. The P2X7 receptor in particular appears to be an essential immunomodulatory receptor, although P2X1 and P2X4 receptors also appear to be involved. ATP released from damaged or infected cells causes inflammation by release of inflammatory cytokines via P2X7 receptors and acts as a danger signal by occupying upregulated P2X receptors on immune cells to increase immune responses. The purinergic involvement in inflammation is being explored for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK. g.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk.|Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. g.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burnstock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009443:Neuritis / Q000503:physiopathology; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D058847:Inflammasomes; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X
keywords: ATP; Cytokines; Inflammasome; P2X4 receptors; P2X7 receptors