title: Higher blood vessel density in comparison to the lymphatic vessels in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by local invasion and the development of cervical metastasis. In the tongue, an association between the invasion of the lymphatic vessels and the development of metastasis in the regional lymph nodes has been demonstrated. Moreover, invasion of the blood vessels is associated with greater recurrence and poorer prognoses. Therefore, the presence and density of lymphatic and blood vessels in intra- and peritumoral tissues should play an important role in the progression, dissemination and metastasis of carcinomas. However, the evidence regarding OSCC is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the comparison and association between the lymphatic (D2-40) and blood vessel (CD34) densities in intratumoral OSCC tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven cases diagnosed as OSCC between the years 2000 and 2008 were obtained from the Anatomic Pathology Service of the School of Dentistry, University of Chile. The immunohistochemical markers D2-40 and CD34 were used, and the densities (mm(2)) of lymphatic vessels (LVD) and blood vessels (BVD) in the intratumoral region were determined. The relationship between LVD and BVD values was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant association between the CD34 and D2-40 expression (rho=0.4, P<0.05) and between the LVD and the location in the tongue (P=0.019). The BVD was greater (128.0 vessels/mm(2)) than the LVD (42.9 vessels/mm(2)), and there was a positive correlation between the LVD and BVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In OSCC, the BVD is greater than the LVD, and there is a moderate correlation between the two quantities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad de Chile Chile.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maturana-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad de Chile Chile.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad de Chile Chile.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad de Chile Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Virology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aguayo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Chile.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartel
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad de Chile Chile.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojas-Alcayaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Oral cancer; blood vessel; lymphatic vessel