title: Photobiomodulation reduces oral mucositis by modulating NF-kB.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate NF-kB during 5-fluorouracil (FU)-induced oral mucositis and ascertain whether photobiomodulation (PBM), as a preventive and/or therapeutic modality, influences this transcription factor. Ninety-six male golden Syrian hamsters were allocated into four groups: control (no treatment); PBM therapeutic, PBM preventive, and PBM combined. Animals received an injection of 5-FU on days 0 and 2. On days 3 and 4, the buccal mucosa was scratched. Irradiation was carried out using a 660-nm, 40-mW diode laser at 6  J/cm(2) during 6  s/point, 0.24  J/point, for a total dose of 1.44  J/day of application. Animals were euthanized on days 0, 5, 10, and 15 (n=6). Buccal mucosa was removed for protein quantification by Western blot. Clinical analysis revealed that PBM groups exhibited less mucositis than controls on day 10. Control animals exhibited lower levels of NF-kB during mucositis development and healing. The preventive and combined protocols were associated with higher NF-kB levels at day 5; however, the therapeutic group had higher levels at days 10 and 15. These findings suggest that the preventive and/or therapeutic PBM protocols reduced the severity of oral mucositis by activating the NF-kB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curra
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Amorim
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pellicioli
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Gene Therapy, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90950-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nélson Alexandre Kretzmann
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Gene Therapy, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90950-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ochs
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Gene Therapy, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90950-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Úrsula
authors.initials: Ú
authors.lastname: Matte
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manoel Sant'Ana
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Trevizani
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manoela Domingues
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006224:Cricetinae; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D016328:NF-kappa B; D005472:Fluorouracil