title: Adequate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Colitis Model in Mice and Effective Outcome Measurement Method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model is used for research of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to establish the adequate conditions for DSS mice model, and to find useful tool to measure inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2.5% DSS was administered to six male C57BL/6 mice and 4% DSS to eight mice at 5 or 9 weeks of age. Each group was consisted of 6 mice with control group in which vehicle was administered instead of DSS. The mice were sacrificed on the 7th day after DSS or vehicle administration. Body weight, diarrhea, and hematochezia were recorded daily. Disease activity index (DAI) score which was composed of body weight change, diarrhea, and hematochezia was measured every day. Colon length was measured after sacrifice and colon mucosal level of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was measured by ELISA assay. Histological score was compared between ascending and descending colon in the DSS group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colon length of five- and nine-week DSS group was significantly shorter than each control group but there was no statistical significance depending on DSS concentration or age. DAI score of 4% DSS group in nine-week was significantly higher than that five-week (P = 0.012) but there was no difference between 2.5% and 4% DSS group. The level of IL-1β in DSS mice was much higher than control group (P < 0.01), but there was no difference among several DSS groups. The histological score was higher in the descending colon than in the ascending colon but there was no statistical difference between each pair of DSS groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 4% DSS mice in nine-week was adequate for DSS-induced colitis model. DAI score was useful tool and descending colon was more appropriate site for histological evaluation of colitis than ascending colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yo Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kwang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ryoung Hee
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Colitis; Dextran sulfate; Inflammatory bowel disease; Mice