title: Effects of Parental Temperature and Nitrate on Seed Performance are Reflected by Partly Overlapping Genetic and Metabolic Pathways.
abstract: Seed performance is affected by the seed maturation environment, and previously we have shown that temperature, nitrate and light intensity were the most influential environmental factors affecting seed performance. Seeds developed in these environments were selected to assess the underlying metabolic pathways, using a combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics. These analyses revealed that the effects of the parental temperature and nitrate environments were reflected by partly overlapping genetic and metabolic networks, as indicated by similar changes in the expression levels of metabolites and transcripts. Nitrogen metabolism-related metabolites (asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid and allantoin) were significantly decreased in both low temperature (15 °C) and low nitrate (N0) maturation environments. Correspondingly, nitrogen metabolism genes (ALLANTOINASE, NITRATE REDUCTASE 1, NITRITE REDUCTASE 1 and NITRILASE 4) were differentially regulated in the low temperature and nitrate maturation environments, as compared with control conditions. High light intensity during seed maturation increased galactinol content, and displayed a high correlation with seed longevity. Low light had a genotype-specific effect on cell surface-encoding genes in the DELAY OF GERMINATION 6-near isogenic line (NILDOG6). Overall, the integration of phenotypes, metabolites and transcripts led to new insights into the regulation of seed performance.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hanzi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo A J
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.affiliation: The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batushansky
authors.affiliation: The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fait
authors.affiliation: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nijveen
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk W M
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hilhorst
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands leonie.bentsink@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Leónie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bentsink
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003890:Desiccation; D004777:Environment; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D008027:Light; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D055432:Metabolomics; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype; D057445:Plant Dormancy / Q000187:drug effects; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013696:Temperature; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Light intensity; Metabolites; Nitrate; Seed maturation; Temperature; Transcriptome