title: Prophylactic role of coenzyme Q10 and Cynara scolymus L on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats: Biochemical and immunohistochemical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to evaluate the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and Cynara scolymus L (CS) on doxorubicin (dox)-induced toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty male rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 as a control. Group 2 received dox (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group 3 received CoQ10 (200 mg/kg). Group 4 received CS (500 mg/kg). Group 5 received CoQ10 (200 mg/kg) and dox (10 mg/kg). Group 6 received CS (500 mg/kg) and dox (10 mg/kg). The rats were then evaluated biochemically and immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dox produced a significant deterioration of hepatic and renal functional parameters. Moreover, an upsurge of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress markers. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was increased and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was decreased. Administration of CoQ10 and CS resulted in a significant improvement of hepatic and renal functional parameters, and an improvement of both α-SMA and PCNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that pretreatment with CoQ10 and CS is associated with up-regulation of favorable protective enzymes and down-regulation of oxidative stress. That can be advised as a supplement to dox-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hesham N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: El Awdan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gehan A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hegazy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gehad A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Abdel Jaleel
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000975:Antioxidants; D004317:Doxorubicin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014451:Ubiquinone; C024989:coenzyme Q10; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat
keywords: Alpha-smooth muscle actin; doxorubicin; nitrosative; oxidative; proliferating cell nuclear antigen