title: Directional characteristics of incipient temporomandibular joint disc displacements: A magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disc displacement (DD) is common in adolescents, but not much is understood about its cause. Assessment of the directionality of incipient DDs may provide clues about the etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of magnetic resonance images of 143 temporomandibular joints with incipient DD from 89 preorthodontic patients (mean age, 10.8 years). The severity of DD was evaluated by grading the degree of displacement depicted in the images in the sagittal and coronal planes, and each incipient DD was categorized based on the directionality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 143 incipient DDs, rotational anterolateral DD (43.36%) and partial anterior DD in the lateral portion (27.27%) were the most common; rotational anteromedial DD (9.09%) and partial anterior DD in the medial portion (1.40%) accounted for only 10.49%. Anterior DD was seen in 12.59%. Pure sideways shift was rare; lateral DD was seen in 2.80%, and medial DD in 3.50%. Thus, the lateral part of the joint was involved in a majority of the incipient DDs and the medial part far less. No sex difference was noted in this trend, but the difference between the right and left sides was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate a predilection for the lateral part of the joint in incipient DDs and may have etiologic implications.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Renie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ikedakzm@tkd.att.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012399:Rotation; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology