title: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-1 Expression Predicts Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) has been shown to be a potential cancer stem cell marker in different types of cancer. However, the role of its expression in tumor cells and the microenvironment in different types of cancer is still controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  ALDH1 protein was immunohistochemically investigated and analyzed in 157 samples of surgically dissected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALDH1 protein expression in ESCC tumor cells was significantly associated with poor differentiation (p<0.05) and strongly positive ALDH1 expression in tumor cells was related with shorter overall survival (p<0.05), while the expression of ALDH1 in ESCC stromal cells had no significant relationship with clinicopathological features (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High expression of cancer stem cell marker ALDH1 in ESCC cells may thus portend a poor prognosis. However, its expression in the tumor microenvironment did not appear to have a role in ESCC behavior. More studies are warranted to find out the mechanisms to explain this.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yasai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yaqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Anyang Tumour Hospital, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ruiping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Anyang Tumour Hospital, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Junsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Anyang Tumour Hospital, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fuyou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Xiaoran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Mariusz Adam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goscinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Mingzhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jahn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nesland
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway zhenhes@medisin.uio.no zhenhesuo@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Zhenhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Suo
mesh_terms: D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase
keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-1; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; immunohistochemistry; prognosis