title: Assessment of chemical and material contamination in waste wood fuels--A case study ranging over nine years.
abstract: The increased demand for waste wood (WW) as fuel in Swedish co-combustion facilities during the last years has increased the import of this material. Each country has different laws governing the use of chemicals and therefore the composition of the fuel will likely change when combining WW from different origins. To cope with this, enhanced knowledge is needed on WW composition and the performance of pre-treatment techniques for reduction of its contaminants. In this study, the chemical and physical characteristics of 500 WW samples collected at a co-combustion facility in Sweden between 2004 and 2013 were investigated to determine the variation of contaminant content over time. Multivariate data analysis was used for the interpretation of the data. The concentrations of all the studied contaminants varied widely between sampling occasions, demonstrating the highly variable composition of WW fuels. The efficiency of sieving as a pre-treatment measure to reduce the levels of contaminants was not sufficient, revealing that sieving should be used in combination with other pre-treatment methods. The results from this case study provide knowledge on waste wood composition that may benefit its management. This knowledge can be applied for selection of the most suitable pre-treatments to obtain high quality sustainable WW fuels.
authors.affiliation: Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Industrial Doctoral School, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edo
authors.affiliation: Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Björn
authors.affiliation: Vafabmiljö AB, SE-72187 Västerås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Erik
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: stina.jansson@umu.se.
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jansson
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis; D013548:Sweden; D018505:Waste Management / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014934:Wood / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: PCA; Size fractions; Trace contaminants; Volatile metals; Waste wood