title: Simultaneous determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin for vegetable oil adulteration by immunoaffinity chromatography cleanup coupled with LC-MS/MS.
abstract: Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were selected as adulteration markers to authenticate vegetable oils. In this study, a method of immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established for the determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in vegetable oils. In this method, immunosorbents were obtained by covalently coupling highly specific capsaicinoid polyclonal antibodieswith CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B, and then packed into a polyethylene column. In this paper, the major parameters affecting IAC extraction efficiency, including loading, washing and eluting conditions, were also investigated. The IAC column displayed high selectivity for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin with the maximum capacity of 240ng. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for capsaicin were calculated as 0.02 and 0.08μgkg(-1), and for dihydrocapsaicin were 0.03 and 0.10μgkg(-1). The recoveries of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in oil samples were in the range of 87.3-95.2% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 6.1%. The results indicated that capsaicinoid compounds could not be found in edible vegetable oils. Therefore, the proposed method is simple, reliable and adequate for routine monitoring of capsaicinoid compounds in vegetable oils and has an excellent potential for detection of adulteration with inedible waste oil.
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China. Electronic address: mafeicpu@163.com.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Detmold 32756, Germany.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matthäus
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China. Electronic address: peiwuli@oilcrops.cn.
authors.forename: Peiwu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China. Electronic address: Zhangqi01@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
authors.forename: Liangxiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D010938:Plant Oils; D002211:Capsaicin; C012906:dihydrocapsaicin
keywords: Capsaicin (Pubchem CID: 1548943); Capsaicin-d(3) (Pubchem CID: 57369257; Capsaicinoids; Dihydrocapsaicin (Pubchem CID: 107982); Dihydrocapsaicin-d(3) (Pubchem CID: 71316141); Immunoaffinity chromatography; Inedible waste oil; Isotope dilution internal standard; LC–MS/MS