title: Single stimulus fMRI produces a neural individual difference measure for Autism Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging typically makes inferences about neural substrates of cognitive phenomena at the group level. We report the use of a single-stimulus BOLD response in the cingulate cortex that differentiates individual children with autism spectrum disorder from matched typically developing control children with sensitivity and specificity of 63.6% and 73.7% respectively. The approach consists of passive viewing of 'self' and 'other' faces from which an individual difference measure is derived from the BOLD response to the first 'self' image only; the method, penalized logistic regression, requires no averaging over stimulus presentations or individuals. These findings show that single-stimulus fMRI responses can be extracted from individual subjects and used profitably as a neural individual difference measure. The result suggests that single-stimulus fMRI can be developed to produce quantitative neural biomarkers for other developmental disorders and may even be useful in the rapid typing of cognition in healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK ; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX ; Department of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX.
authors.forename: Josepheen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Asis Cruz
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lohrenz
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Diane Treadwell
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Deering
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA ; Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA ; The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: P Read
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Montague