title: Predictors of depression recovery in HIV-infected individuals managed through measurement-based care in infectious disease clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of comorbid chronic disease, such as depression, in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) increasingly falls to HIV treatment providers. Guidance in who will best respond to depression treatment and which patient-centered symptoms are best to target is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bivariable analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios for associations between baseline demographic, mental health-related, and HIV-related factors on time to first depression remission among PLWHA enrolled in a randomized trial of measurement-based antidepressant management. Time-updated factors also were analyzed at time of antidepressant (AD) initiation/adjustment and 8 weeks post AD initiation/adjustment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline comorbid depression and anxiety; comorbid depression, anxiety and substance abuse; and generalized anxiety disorder predicted a slower time to first remission. Being on ART but non-adherent, having panic disorder, having a history of a major depressive episode, or having been in HIV care for >10 years prior to study initiation predicted a faster time to first remission. Sleep difficulty or fatigue at the time of AD initiation/adjustment predicted a slower time to remission. In non-remitters at 8 weeks post AD initiation/adjustment, sleep difficulty, anxiety, and fatigue each predicted a slower time to remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remission was determined by PHQ-9 scores, not diagnostic criteria. The results may apply only to depression recovery in this particular model of treatment. We conducted only exploratory analyses to determine magnitude of effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline comorbid anxiety with or without substance abuse predicts slower time to depression remission among PLWHA treated in HIV clinics. Targeting anxiety or fatigue at the time of AD initiation/adjustment or sleep difficulty, anxiety, and fatigue at 8 weeks post AD initiation/adjustment could shorten time to depression remission in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: nathaniel_sowa@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Nathaniel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sowa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bengtson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gaynes
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Pence
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000821:virology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012074:Remission Induction; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents
keywords: Depression; Depression treatment; HIV; Measurement-based care; Remission predictors