title: How to improve duration and efficiency of the antiproteinuric response to Ramipril: RamiPROT-a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antiproteinuric pharmacokinetics of Ramipril in response to different doses and modalities of administration has been poorly investigated so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, open-label and not placebo controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 Caucasian adult patients having GFR ≥ 50 mL/min, proteinuria 1-3 g/day; SBP/DBP ≤ 150/90 mmHg were recruited between June 2014 and November 2014.
  Impact on 24 h proteinuria and fractioned proteinuria of Ramipril given at different dosages (2.5 mg/day or Ramipril 5 mg/day or Ramipril 10 mg/day) and with different daily administration modalities (single or two divided doses) for cycles of 10 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the end of each cycle, 24 h and fractioned proteinuria on three timed urinary collections (morning, afternoon and night) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to baseline, Ramipril significantly reduced 24 h proteinuria at each dose and modality of administration. In particular, the greatest effects were evident with the higher and divided dose of the drug. The analysis of the fractioned proteinuria showed that the greatest reduction was obtained in the night urinary collection by administering Ramipril 10 mg/day in two divided doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ramipril reduces proteinuria at any of the tested doses. Although the using of high and divided doses seems to maximize the antiproteinuric effect of the drug, possibly due to a better pharmacological coverage of the nocturnal period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cianfrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. adelina_simeoni@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Mariadelina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piraina
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talarico
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.|Kidney and Transplant Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust of London, London, UK.|Department of Clinical Pathology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerantonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.|Kidney and Transplant Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust of London, London, UK.|Department of Clinical Pathology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Innocenza
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Flora Fortunata
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Fabiano
authors.affiliation: Kidney and Transplant Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucisano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gulletta
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuiano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017257:Ramipril
keywords: ACE-inhibitors; CKD; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics; Proteinuria