title: Posttraumatic stress disorder among low-income women exposed to perinatal intimate partner violence : Posttraumatic stress disorder among women exposed to partner violence.
abstract: Women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other forms of lifetime trauma may be at risk for negative mental health outcomes including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to examine potential predictors of PTSD among low-income women exposed to perinatal IPV. This study analyzed baseline cross-sectional data from 239 low-income pregnant women in the USA who participated in a nurse home visitation intervention between 2006 and 2012 after reporting recent IPV. PTSD was assessed with the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) in which participants answer questions about the most disturbing traumatic event (MDTE) in their lifetime that affected them the week before the interview. In total, 40 % of the women were identified as having PTSD (DTS ≥40). PTSD prevalence significantly increased with age to nearly 80 % of women ages 30 and older (n = 23). Age was also the strongest predictor of PTSD (p < 0.001). Most participants (65 %) identified non-IPV-related traumas as their MDTEs. Psychological (94 %), physical (82 %), and sexual (44 %) violence were not significantly associated with PTSD status. Despite recent exposure to IPV, most participants identified other traumatic events as more disturbing than IPV-related trauma. Further, the risk for PTSD increased with age, suggesting that the cumulative effect of trauma, which may include IPV, increases the risk for PTSD over a lifetime. Implementing comprehensive screening for trauma during prenatal care may lead to the early identification and treatment of PTSD during pregnancy in a community setting.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia, 202 Jeanette Lancaster Way, PO Box 800782, Charlottesville, VA, 222903, USA. jck9e@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kastello
authors.affiliation: Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Marie P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kodadek
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia, 202 Jeanette Lancaster Way, PO Box 800782, Charlottesville, VA, 222903, USA.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Phyllis W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sharps
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011203:Poverty; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Intimate partner violence; PTSD; Pregnancy; Trauma