title: Fabrication of multipotent poly-para-xylylene particles in controlled nanoscopic dimensions.
abstract: In this study, poly-para-xylylene-based multifunctional nanoparticles (PPX-NPs) were fabricated. Based on the solubility characteristics determined for asymmetrically substituted poly-para-xylylenes in polar solvents, well-dispersed nanocolloids with a controllable size ranging from 50 to 800nm were produced in solution by the displacement of the solvent (water). These size ranges were found to have acceptable cellular compatibility through examinations of cultured 3T3 fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells treated with the PPX-NPs. In addition, these nanoscale PPX-NPs exhibited versatile bioconjugation properties in that a variety of available functional groups can be adopted from their counterpart, thin-film poly-para-xylylenes, during the production of these nanoparticles. For instance, bifunctional PPX-NPs with maleimide and benzoyl moieties were produced to enable immobilization via a maleimide-thiol reaction concurrent with a photochemical reaction. A cleavable PPX-NP was also produced with a thiol-exchangeable surface property. Additionally, by performing electrohydrodynamic jetting of parallel polymer solutions of selected poly-para-xylylenes, Janus-type or multicompartment PPX-NPs were created. The PPX-NPs can potentially be used for various biomedical applications such as combined diagnostics and drug delivery, multiplexing of detection, multiple-drug loading, and the targeted delivery of biomolecules or drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ruei-Hung
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Jye
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ho-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zhen-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsychen@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsien-Yeh
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry; D001692:Biological Transport; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008301:Maleimides / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012995:Solubility; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D014992:Xylenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D008301:Maleimides; D011108:Polymers; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014992:Xylenes; C513670:poly(p-xylylene); D005492:Folic Acid
keywords: Dynamic interface; Janus particle; Multifunctional; Nanoparticle; Poly-para-xylylene