title: Cell Surface Interference with Plasma Membrane and Transport Processes in Yeasts.
abstract: The wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a shell of about 120 nm thick, made of two distinct layers, which surrounds the cell. The outer layer is constituted of highly glycosylated proteins and the inner layer is composed of β-glucan and chitin. These two layers are interconnected through covalent linkages leading to a supramolecular architecture that is characterized by physical and chemical properties including rigidity, porosity and biosorption. The later property results from the presence of highly negative charged phosphate and carboxylic groups of the cell wall proteins, allowing the cell wall to act as an efficient barrier to metals ions, toxins and organic compounds. An intimate connection between cell wall and plasma membrane is indicated by the fact that changes in membrane fluidity results in change in cell wall nanomechanical properties. Finally, cell wall contributes to transport processes through the use of dedicated cell wall mannoproteins, as it is the case for Fit proteins implicated in the siderophore-iron bound transport and the Tir/Dan proteins family in the uptake of sterols.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France. fran_jm@insa-toulouse.fr.|INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400, Toulouse, France. fran_jm@insa-toulouse.fr.|CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400, Toulouse, France. fran_jm@insa-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: Jean Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Francois
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055672:Static Electricity; D013261:Sterols / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C107098:DAN1 protein, S cerevisiae; C445317:FIT1 protein, S cerevisiae; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013261:Sterols; C491115:TIR1 protein, S cerevisiae; D047071:beta-Glucans; C025363:mannoproteins; D002686:Chitin; D007501:Iron
keywords: Biosorption; Cell surface; Cell wall; Membrane; Metal ions; Porosity; Transport; Yeasts