title: PRECiS (Patient Reported Evaluation of Cognitive State): psychometric evaluation of a new patient reported outcome measure of the impact of stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the psychometric properties of PRECiS (Patient Reported Evaluation of Cognitive State): A new patient-centred, patient reported outcome measure for perceived impact of cognitive problems, developed through qualitative work, systematic review and service user consultation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study exploring acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability, with opportunistic qualitative data on sensitivity to change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home visits in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke survivors with self-reported cognitive difficulties and informal carers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 27 item PRECiS was self-completed with support, and proxy completed by informal carers. We collected descriptive cognitive screening test data, and measures of overall stroke impact, mood and activities of daily living to explore construct validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected from 159 (visit 1) and 66 (visit 2) stroke survivors and 86 informal carers. PRECiS showed good acceptability (no missing values or floor/ceiling effects, minimal skewness); high internal consistency (α = 0.94, indicative of potential redundancy); with moderate to strong construct correlations in the directions hypothesised (0.40 to 0.74). An intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 indicated good test-retest reliability. Where self-reported change had occurred from visit 1 to 2, PRECiS appeared sensitive. Using carers as proxy respondents is not supported by this analysis (inter-rater ICC = 0.43).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRECiS is a patient-centred, practical and reliable measure assessing perceived impact of cognitive problems from the unique perspective of stroke survivors.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Research, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester MAHSC, Manchester UK Emma.patchick@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patchick
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester MAHSC, Manchester UK.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vail
authors.affiliation: Community Rehab Service, Long Term Conditions Centre, Harold Wood, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Stroke Research, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester MAHSC, Manchester UK.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Psychometry; cognitive impairment; outcome assessment (health care); patient-centred outcome measure; stroke