title: The Most Common Cutaneous Side Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors and Their Management.
abstract: The use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRI) for the treatment of solid tumors is increasing due to elevated expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in the stimulation of tumor development. EGFR inhibitors have shown to be effective in the treatment of neoplasms of the head, neck, colon, and lung. Inhibition of EGFR may cause cutaneous reactions in more than 50% of patients. The most common skin manifestations are papulopustular lesions in the seborrhoeic areas (upper torso, face, neck, and scalp). Other cutaneous side effects include xerosis and hair and nail changes. The onset of eruption is usually within one to three weeks after starting therapy, although in some cases it may occur much later. All dermatologic side effects are reversible and generally resolve after adequate therapy. However, for a minority of patients side effects are severe and intolerable, demanding dose reduction or even interruption of therapy. A positive correlation has been demonstrated between the degree of cutaneous toxicity and the antitumor response. For dermatologists the goal is to provide treatment of symptoms, so that the patient may continue to benefit from the EGFRI therapy. However, frequent cutaneous manifestations, even though related to a better antitumor response, may limit use of the therapy considering the interference with patient quality of life. Early management of cutaneous side effects of EGFRI may prevent severe, extensive symptoms, the need for dose reduction, or antitumor therapy interruption. This indicates a dermatologist should play a role in early stages of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Daška Štulhofer Buzina, MD, PhD, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; daska.stulhofer-buzina@zg.htnet.hr.
authors.forename: Daška
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Štulhofer Buzina
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinac
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ledić Drvar
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Čeović
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bilić
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marinović
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors