title: Teeth whitening versus the influence of extrinsic factors on teeth stains.
abstract: The improvement of teeth colour is the effect of using whitening toothpastes, professional removal of dental deposits, pulpless teeth and vital teeth whitening. The aim of the study was evaluation of various methods of teeth whitening in relation to sex and age of the investigated as well as the extrinsic factors causing teeth stains such as cigarette smoking, consumption of coffee and tea. Questionnaire survey was conducted in the group of 204 patients, reporting for a dental treatment at the Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics of the Medical University of Lublin as well as private dental practice in Lublin. Questionnaire survey was elaborated for the needs of the planned investigation and included questions concerning, among others, socio-demographic data of the investigated, methods of teeth whitening, cigarette smoking, consumption of coffee and tea. Statistic analysis was performed with the use of descriptive statistics, Chi2 test, Mann-Whitney test. The values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically essential. Women used whitening toothpastes more frequently in comparison with men (χ2 = 7.96, p < 0.01). People who declared drinking at least one coffee cup used whitening toothpastes more frequently in comparison with the people drinking coffee occasionally and those who didn't drink it (χ2 = 9.99, p < χ0.05).
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakonieczna-Rudnicka
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bachanek
authors.forename: Marlena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madejczyki
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grajewskai
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobyłecka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents