title: Complement Propriety and Conspiracy in Nanomedicine: Perspective and a Hypothesis.
abstract: The complement system is the first line of body's defense against intruders and it acts as a functional bridge between innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. This commentary examines the key roles of complement activation in response to nanomedicine administration, including nucleic acid complexes. These comprise beneficial (eg, adjuvanticity) as well as adverse effects (eg, infusion-related reactions). Pigs (and sheep) are often used as predictive models of nanomedicine-mediated infusion-related reactions in humans. The validity of these models in relation to human responses is questioned, and an alternative hypothesis is presented.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark .
authors.forename: Seyed Moein
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moghimi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003167:Complement Activation; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology; D050997:Nanomedicine; D010587:Phagocytosis
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D003165:Complement System Proteins