title: Magnetic Surfactants and Polymers with Gadolinium Counterions for Protein Separations.
abstract: New magnetic surfactants, (cationic hexadecyltrimethlyammonium bromotrichlorogadolinate (CTAG), decyltrimethylammonium bromotrichlorogadolinate (DTAG), and a magnetic polymer (poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium tetrachlorogadolinate (APTAG)) have been synthesized by the simple mixing of the corresponding surfactants and polymer with gadolinium metal ions. A magnetic anionic surfactant, gadolinium tri(1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate) (Gd(AOT)3), was synthesized via metathesis. Both routes enable facile preparation of magnetically responsive magnetic polymers and surfactants without the need to rely on nanocomposites or organic frameworks with polyradicals. Electrical conductivity, surface tensiometry, SQUID magnetometry, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) demonstrate surface activity and self-aggregation behavior of the magnetic surfactants similar to their magnetically inert parent analogues but with added magnetic properties. The binding of the magnetic surfactants to proteins enables efficient separations under low-strength (0.33 T) magnetic fields in a new, nanoparticle-free approach to magnetophoretic protein separations and extractions. Importantly, the toxicity of the magnetic surfactants and polymers is, in some cases, lower than that of their halide analogues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Lev
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Rial-Hermida
authors.affiliation: NIST Centre for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, MS 6100, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6100, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasbrough
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: T Alan
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002412:Cations; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D003412:Cricetulus; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D059346:Magnets; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013500:Surface Tension; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C078260:lipoprotein A-I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D005682:Gadolinium; D000077286:Cetrimonium