title: Restoration of manufactured gas plant site soil through combined ultrasound-assisted soil washing and bioaugmentation.
abstract: An effective ex situ soil remediation technology was developed in this study to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in a mixed contaminated site. Ultrasonication (20 kHz, 45 min) combined with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (75 g/L) and S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (25 g/L) were efficient in extracting mixed pollutants from the soil. After two successive washing cycles, the removal efficiency of PAHs and heavy metals were approximately 84.5% and 81.3%, respectively. The high removal of metals remarkably reduced soil microtoxicity and thus activated biodegradation activity towards PAHs. Inoculation of PAHs-degrading bacterial strains with nutrients addition further removed 86.8% of residual PAHs in 16 weeks. These results were indicated by the significant increase in the number of PAH degraders and soil enzyme activity. After treatment, the residual levels of individual PAHs and heavy metals could meet Chinese soil quality standard for residential use. The proposed combined cleanup strategy proved to be effective and environmentally friendly for remediation of mixed-contaminated site.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China; Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China. Electronic address: chenfu@cumt.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000066388:Oil and Gas Industry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C499100:(S,S)-ethylenediaminedisuccinate; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013386:Succinates; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin
keywords: Desorption; EDDS; Inoculation; PAHs; Soil washing