title: Efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extract in Reducing Metabolic and Inflammatory Alterations Associated With Menopause.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several experimental and clinical studies support beneficial effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) in the management of metabolic diseases and inflammatory disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of T. foenum-graecum seed extract in reducing the metabolic and inflammatory alternations associated with menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, 49 rats were divided into seven groups: (I) sham-control, (II) ovariectomized-control, (III and IV) ovariectomized treated with 50 and 150 mg/kg of T. foenum-graecum seed ethanolic extract, (V and VI) ovariectomized treated with 50 and 150 mg/kg of T. foenum-graecum hexanic extract, (VII) ovariectomized-positive control treated with 10 µg/kg of estradiol. The extracts were injected intraperitoneally one day after ovariectomy and the treatments were lasted for 42 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting blood glucose and body weight gain increased significantly in the ovariectomized-control group compared with that in the sham animals (P < 0.05). Administration of estradiol and T. foenum-graecum (50 and 150 mg/dL of hexanic extract and 150 mg/kg of ethanolic extract) significantly diminished the increase in glucose and body weight (P < 0.05). The serum level of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ovariectomized control group was significantly higher than those in the sham animals (P < 0.05). Both hexanic and ethanolic extracts as well as estradiol were able to decrease level of these cytokines in the serum of ovariectomized rats (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study show that administration of T. foenum-graecum corrects metabolic and inflammatory alterations associated with ovariectomy and has a potential for the management of menopause.
authors.affiliation: Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Paramedical School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abedinzade
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Masome
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamal Omodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
keywords: Cytokines; Menopause; Rats; Trigonella foenum-graecum