title: A simplification of Cobelli's glucose-insulin model for type 1 diabetes mellitus and its FPGA implementation.
abstract: Cobelli's glucose-insulin model is the only computer simulator of glucose-insulin interactions accepted by Food Drug Administration as a substitute to animal trials. However, it consists of multiple differential equations that make it hard to be implemented on a hardware platform. In this investigation, the Cobelli's model is simplified by Padé approximant method and implemented on a field-programmable gate array-based platform as a hardware model for predicting glucose changes in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Compared with the original Cobelli's model, the implemented hardware model provides a nearly perfect approximation in predicting glucose changes with rather small root-mean-square errors and maximum errors. The RMSE results for 30 subjects show that the method for simplifying and implementing Cobelli's model has good robustness and applicability. The successful hardware implementation of Cobelli's model will promote a wider adoption of this model that can substitute animal trials, provide fast and reliable glucose and insulin estimation, and ultimately assist the further development of an artificial pancreas system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Electronics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China. lipeng@sibet.ac.cn.|Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China. lipeng@sibet.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. lipeng@sibet.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Electronics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shuenn-Yuh
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Artificial pancreas system; FPGA; Glucose–insulin interaction model; Model order reduction; T1DM