title: Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: soluble biomarkers and the BIPED criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and summarize biomarker data published from April 2014 to May 2015 to provide insight to the ongoing work in the field of osteoarthritis (OA). Furthermore, to summarize the BIPED criteria and set it in context of the medical needs of 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed was used as searching machine: Time period 2014/04/01-2015/05/01, MeSH term [Biomarker] AND [Osteoarthritis], Language; English, Full text available. Reviews were excluded. Only papers describing protein based biomarkers measured in human body fluids from OA patients were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biomarkers of joint tissue turnover, cytokines, chemokines and peptide arrays were measured in different cohorts and studies. Amongst those were previously tested biomarkers such as osteocalcin, Carboxy-terminal cross-linked fragment of type II collagen (CTX-II) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). A majority of the biomarker were classified as I, B or B biomarkers according to the BIPED criteria. Work is continuing on testing biomarkers in OA. There is still a huge, unmet medical need to identify, test, validate and qualify novel and well-known biomarkers. A pre-requisite for this is better characterization and classification of biomarkers to their needs, which may not be reached before higher understanding of OA phenotypes has been gained. In addition, we provide some references to some recent guidelines from Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) on qualification and usage of biomarkers for drug development and personalized medicine, which may provide value to the field.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark. Electronic address: acbj@nordicbioscience.com.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bay-Jensen
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reker
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kjelgaard-Petersen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobasheri
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karsdal
authors.affiliation: OA Research & Early Clinical Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ladel
authors.affiliation: Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Henrotin
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Thudium
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; D018925:Chemokines; D024043:Collagen Type II; D024061:Collagen Type III; D016207:Cytokines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D015675:Osteocalcin; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: BIPED; Biomarkers; Osteoarthritis (OA); Year in a review