title: Osteoinductive PolyHIPE Foams as Injectable Bone Grafts.
abstract: We have recently fabricated biodegradable polyHIPEs as injectable bone grafts and characterized the mechanical properties, pore architecture, and cure rates. In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particles were incorporated into injectable polyHIPE foams to promote osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Upon incorporation of each type of particle, stable monoliths were formed with compressive properties comparable to control polyHIPEs. Pore size quantification indicated a negligible effect of all particles on emulsion stability and resulting pore architecture. Alizarin red calcium staining illustrated the incorporation of calcium phosphate particles at the pore surface, while picrosirius red collagen staining illustrated collagen-rich DBM particles within the monoliths. Osteoinductive particles had a negligible effect on the compressive modulus (∼30 MPa), which remained comparable to human cancellous bone values. All polyHIPE compositions promoted human MSC viability (∼90%) through 2 weeks. Furthermore, gene expression analysis indicated the ability of all polyHIPE compositions to promote osteogenic differentiation through the upregulation of bone-specific markers compared to a time zero control. These findings illustrate the potential for these osteoinductive polyHIPEs to promote osteogenesis and validate future in vivo evaluation. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability to incorporate a range of bioactive components into propylene fumarate dimethacrylate-based injectable polyHIPEs to increase cellular interactions and direct specific behavior without compromising scaffold architecture and resulting properties for various tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Madison A P
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McEnery
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Whitely
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.
authors.forename: Dany J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Munoz-Pinto
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.
authors.forename: Mariah S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Huinan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cosgriff-Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016062:Porosity; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013343:Styrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011108:Polymers; D013343:Styrenes; C493734:polyHIPE; C020243:calcium phosphate