title: Prevalence of CHD-related metabolic comorbidity of diabetes mellitus in Northern Chinese adults: the REACTION study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain more precise understanding of the epidemiology of comorbidities with diabetes and to clarify the correlation with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on REACTION study, 18,696 participants aged over 40 years were included in the cross-sectional analysis. Prevalence and patterns of comorbid diseases were demonstrated, and their impact on CHD was also analyzed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes was more prevalent in patients with older age and lower education level, with relatively low awareness (36.3%), treatment (27.9%) and control (34.7%) rate. The proportion of diabetics with additional condition was 88.8%; 53.2% had more than two comorbidities. Compared with patients with comorbidities, diabetics only had the highest controlled HbA1c rate (37.9%). Dyslipidemia (71.97%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by hypertension (58.19%), and hypothyroidism (21.24%). A strong gradient existed between the number of comorbidities and CHD versus "diabetes only" group; the odds ratio was 1.38, 2.48 and 3.01 for diabetics with one, two and three additional diseases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low glycemic control and high prevalence of diabetes comorbidities are common in China, which increases the risk of CHD. Full-scale and individualized guidelines for diabetics should be planned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong,250021, China.
authors.forename: Zhongshang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu,730000, China.
authors.forename: Xulei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong,250021, China.
authors.forename: Jiadong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong,250021, China.
authors.forename: Fuzhong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. Electronic address: haiqingzhang7576@163.com.
authors.forename: Haiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. Electronic address: gaoling1@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Coronary heart disease; Cross-sectional study; Diabetes mellitus; Glycemic control; Metabolic comorbidity