title: Colonic Marking With Near-Infrared, Light-Emitting, Diode-Activated Indocyanine Green for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate identification of the location of colorectal lesions is crucial during laparoscopic surgery. Endoscopic marking has been used as an effective preoperative marker for tumor identification.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the feasibility and safety of an imaging method using near-infrared, light-emitting, diode-activated indocyanine green fluorescence in colorectal laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-institution, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 24 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indocyanine green and India ink were injected into the same patients undergoing preoperative colonoscopy for colon cancer. During subsequent laparoscopic resection of colorectal tumors, the colon was first observed with white light. Then, indocyanine green was activated with a light-emitting diode at 760 nm as the light source.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Near-infrared-induced fluorescence showed tumor location clearly and accurately in all 24 of the patients. All of the patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery after marking had positive indocyanine green staining at the time of surgery. Perioperative complications attributed to dye use were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is limited by the cost of indocyanine green detection, the timing of the colonoscopy and tattooing in relation to the operation and identification with indocyanine green, and the small size of the series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that our novel method for colonic marking with fluorescence imaging of near-infrared, light-emitting, diode-activated indocyanine green is feasible and safe. This method is useful, has no adverse effects, and can be used for perioperative identification of tumor location. Near-infrared, light-emitting, diode-activated indocyanine green has potential use as a colonic marking agent.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan 2 Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013653:Tattooing / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green