title: Wireless radio channel for intramuscular electrode implants in the control of upper limb prostheses.
abstract: In the last few years the use of implanted devices has been considered also in the field of myoelectric hand prostheses. Wireless implanted EMG (Electromyogram) sensors can improve the functioning of the prosthesis, providing information without the disadvantage of the wires, and the usability by amputees. The solutions proposed in the literature are based on proprietary communication protocols between the implanted devices and the prosthesis controller, using frequency bands that are already assigned to other purposes. This study proposes the use of a standard communication protocol (IEEE 802.15.6), specific for wireless body area networks (WBANs), which assign a specific bandwidth to implanted devices. The propagation losses from in-to-on body were investigated by numerical simulation with a 3D human model and an electromagnetic solver. The channel model resulting from the study represents the first step towards the development of myoelectric prosthetic hands which are driven by signals acquired by implanted sensors. However these results can provide important information to researchers for further developments, and manufacturers, which can decrease the production costs for hand prostheses having a common standard of communication with assigned frequencies of operation.
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stango
authors.forename: Kamya Yekeh
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yazdandoost
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farina
mesh_terms: D000674:Amputees; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003491:Cybernetics; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D059015:Wireless Technology