title: Influence of different etching modes on bond strength and fatigue strength to dentin using universal adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the dentin bonding ability of three new universal adhesive systems under different etching modes using fatigue testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prime & Bond elect [PE] (DENTSPLY Caulk), Scotchbond Universal [SU] (3M ESPE), and All Bond Universal [AU] (Bisco) were used in this study. A conventional single-step self-etch adhesive, Clearfil Bond SE ONE [CS] (Kuraray Noritake Dental) was also included as a control. Shear bond strengths (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) to human dentin were obtained in the total-etch mode and self-etch modes. For each test condition, 15 specimens were prepared for the SBS and 30 specimens for SFS. SEM was used to examine representative de-bonded specimens, treated dentin surfaces and the resin/dentin interface for each test condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the universal adhesives, PE in total-etch mode showed significantly higher SBS and SFS values than in self-etch mode. SU and AU did not show any significant difference in SBS and SFS between the total-etch mode and self-etch mode. However, the single-step self-etch adhesive CS showed significantly lower SBS and SFS values in the etch-and-rinse mode when compared to the self-etch mode. Examining the ratio of SFS/SBS, for PE and AU, the etch-and-rinse mode groups showed higher ratios than the self-etch mode groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of different etching modes on dentin bond quality of universal adhesives was dependent on the adhesive material. However, for the universal adhesives, using the total-etch mode did not have a negative impact on dentin bond quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: takamizawa.toshiki@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Hedehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C074864:All-Bond system; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C103500:Prime & Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C041330:Scotchbond
keywords: Dentin bond durability; Fatigue strength; SEM observation; Universal adhesive