title: Validation and application of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric method for determination of mazindol in human plasma and urine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even after removal of some stimulants, like fenproporex, amfepramone and mazindol, from Brazilian market, the use of these substances is still high, especially by drivers. Mazindol is the second most used anorectic agent in the world acting as an indirect sympathomimetic agonist, having stimulatory action on central nervous system. Plasma is a good matrix to monitor since it reflects the psychomotor effects of these drugs, but unlike urine has an invasive collection; drug levels and detection time are quite low.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction of the samples and a LC-MS analysis was fully validated. Method was used to analyze samples of urine and plasma collected from health volunteers in a period of 24h. Metabolite of mazindol was synthesized using alkaline conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After validation the method proved to be adequate to analyze samples collected from health volunteers. Method was linear in the concentration range of 0.1-10ng/mL (r=0.9982) for plasma and 5-50ng/mL (r=0.9973) for urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of the samples showed that mazindol can be detected after 1h of administration and that concentration levels in urine were always higher than in plasma. Mazindol metabolite was detected only in urine.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcella Herbstrith
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Electronic address: pamlukasewicz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pâmela Cristina Lukasewicz
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Rodrigues
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bergold
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pechansky
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata Pereira
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Limberger
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Pedro Eduardo
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fröehlich
mesh_terms: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods; D008454:Mazindol / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008454:Mazindol
keywords: Drivers; LC–MS; Mazindol; Plasma; Stimulants; Urine; Validation