title: Individual management of cervical cancer in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of cervical cancer in pregnancy persists to be challenging. Therefore, identification of factors that influence the choice of therapeutic management is pivotal for an adequate patient counseling.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a literature review of 26 studies reporting 121 pregnancies affected by cervical cancer. Additionally, we add a retrospective case series of five patients with pregnancy-associated cervical cancer diagnosed and treated in our clinic between 2006 and 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature review revealed that the therapeutic management during pregnancy varies according to the gestational age at diagnosis, while in the postpartum period no influence on the treatment choice could be detected. Also in our case series the choice of oncologic therapy was influenced by the gestational age, the wish to continue the pregnancy and the risks of delaying definitive treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no standardized procedures concerning the treatment of cervical cancer in pregnancy. Therefore, in consultation with the patient and a multidisciplinary team, an adequate individualized treatment plan should be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hecking
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abramian
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domröse
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Tabea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Engeln
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Thore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thiesler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leutner
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Mignon-Denise
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Keyver-Paik
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Walther
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Kirsten.Kuebler@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Case series; Cervical cancer; Chemotherapy; Pregnancy; Review; Treatment