title: ELEMENTS REGULATION DURING CARTILAGE AND BONE DEFORMITY - POTENTIAL CLINICAL INDEX IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS, MONITORING AND PROGNOSIS IN CHILDREN OF KASHIN-BECK DISEASE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) is a chronic deforming osteoarthritis starting in early childhood and affecting the cartilage metabolism and endochondral ossification. Selenium (Se) deficiency has been postulated as the major environmental etiological factor for KBD by many studies. Other minerals such as the Manganese (Mn) and calcium (Ca) which don't have uniform distribution in environment are also important elements involved in bone and cartilage formation but their regulation in KBD has been rarely reported. The study was done to investigate the role of Mn and Ca in addition to Se in KBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the Se, Mn and Calevels were investigated in children from different groups (KBD group, Healthy group from KBD endemic areas (inner control group), Healthy group (outer control group) from Non KBD areas and KBD group with selenium supplementation). The contents of Mn, S and Ca in serum and hair were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increased Mn levels of. serum and hair in KBD children were observed compared with normal groups. The Mn and Ca have similar trends in different groups but Se and Mn displayed reversed trends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mn and Ca contributed to KBD pathogenesis combined with se in regulation of growth and development. The relative ratio of Mn to Se can be a potential clinical index in early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of KBD in children.
authors.forename: Ma Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Umer
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Farooq
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057767:Kashin-Beck Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese; D012643:Selenium; D002118:Calcium