title: Effect of various light curing times on the elution of composite components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymerization of resin-based composites (RBCs) is incomplete. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a longer curing time than recommended by the manufacturer influences the amount of released composite components of RBCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The composites Clearfil AP-X and els extra low shrinkage were polymerized for six different curing times: 4, 10, 20, 40, 100, and 200 s. Light curing time recommended by the manufacturer for both composites is 20 s. Subsequently, samples were eluted in methanol and water for 1, 3, and 7 days and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For Clearfil AP-X ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMBP), camphorquinone (CQ) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) were detected in methanol. In the aqueous eluate, only TEGDMA was detected. In els extra low shrinkage, HMBP, BHT, and CQ were detected in methanol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing the curing time compared to recommendation of the manufacturer reduces the release of most composite components. This could result in less exposure to human due to these substances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methacrylates are classified as potential allergens. An increasing number of dentists and patients show allergic reaction to methacrylates. Therefore, a reduced elution of composite components is an advantage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany. christof.hoegg@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.|Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336, Munich, Germany. christof.hoegg@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Högg
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany.|Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany.|Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Katherina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dettinger-Maier
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany.|Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rothmund
authors.affiliation: Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336, Munich, Germany.|Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kehe
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany.|Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Franz-Xaver
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Reichl
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C112828:Clearfil AP-X; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; C000624257:els extra low shrinkage
keywords: Composite components; Elution; Light curing time; Methacrylates