title: Sustainable Life Cycles of Natural-Precursor-Derived Nanocarbons.
abstract: Sustainable societal and economic development relies on novel nanotechnologies that offer maximum efficiency at minimal environmental cost. Yet, it is very challenging to apply green chemistry approaches across the entire life cycle of nanotech products, from design and nanomaterial synthesis to utilization and disposal. Recently, novel, efficient methods based on nonequilibrium reactive plasma chemistries that minimize the process steps and dramatically reduce the use of expensive and hazardous reagents have been applied to low-cost natural and waste sources to produce value-added nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. This review discusses the distinctive effects of nonequilibrium reactive chemistries and how these effects can aid and advance the integration of sustainable chemistry into each stage of nanotech product life. Examples of the use of enabling plasma-based technologies in sustainable production and degradation of nanotech products are discussed-from selection of precursors derived from natural resources and their conversion into functional building units, to methods for green synthesis of useful naturally degradable carbon-based nanomaterials, to device operation and eventual disintegration into naturally degradable yet potentially reusable byproducts.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Future Environments, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.|Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.|CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Materials and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia.
authors.forename: Kateryna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bazaka
authors.affiliation: Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohan V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Institute for Future Environments, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.|CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Materials and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia.|School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Kostya Ken
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ostrikov
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002244:Carbon