title: Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood as Biomarkers of Exposure to JP-8 Jet Fuel Among US Air Force Personnel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate blood volatile organic compound (VOC) levels as biomarkers of occupational jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) exposure while controlling for smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 69 Air Force personnel, post-shift blood samples were analyzed for components of JP-8, including ethylbenzene, toluene, o-xylene, and m/p-xylene, and for the smoking biomarker, 2,5-dimethylfuran. JP-8 exposure was characterized based on self-report and measured work shift levels of total hydrocarbons in personal air. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate the relationship between JP-8 exposure and post-shift blood VOCs while controlling for potential confounding from smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood VOC concentrations were higher among US Air Force personnel who reported JP-8 exposure and work shift smoking. Breathing zone total hydrocarbons was a significant predictor of VOC blood levels, after controlling for smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the use of blood VOCs as a biomarker of occupational JP-8 exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health (Ms Maule, Dr Proctor, Dr McClean), Boston University School of Public Health; Division of Military Performance (Ms Maule, Dr Proctor), United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick; Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System (Dr Proctor), Massachusetts; National Center for Environmental Health (Dr Blount, Dr Chambers), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Alexis L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Blount
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McClean
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D014050:Toluene / Q000097:blood; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D014992:Xylenes; D014050:Toluene; C004912:ethylbenzene