title: Microbial production strategies and applications of lycopene and other terpenoids.
abstract: Terpenoids are a large class of compounds that have far-reaching applications and economic value, particularly those most commonly found in plants; however, the extraction and synthesis of these compounds is often expensive and technically challenging. Recent advances in microbial metabolic engineering comprise a breakthrough that may enable the efficient, cost-effective production of these limited natural resources. Via the engineering of safe, industrial microorganisms that encode product-specific enzymes, and even entire metabolic pathways of interest, microbial-derived semisynthetic terpenoids may soon replace plant-derived terpenoids as the primary source of these valuable compounds. Indeed, the recent metabolic engineering of an Escherichia coli strain that produces the precursor to lycopene, a commercially and medically important compound, with higher yields than those in tomato plants serves as a successful example. Here, we review the recent developments in the metabolic engineering of microbes for the production of certain terpenoid compounds, particularly lycopene, which has been increasingly used in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, and cosmetics. Furthermore, we summarize the metabolic engineering strategies used to achieve successful microbial production of some similar compounds. Based on this overview, there is a reason to believe that metabolic engineering comprises an optimal approach for increasing the production of lycopene and other terpenoids.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.|Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. liutg@whu.edu.cn.|Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. liutg@whu.edu.cn.|Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. liutg@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tiangang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D000077276:Lycopene; D060847:Metabolic Engineering / Q000379:methods; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D058615:Synthetic Biology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D013729:Terpenes; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Biosynthesis; Lycopene; Metabolic engineering; Synthetic biology; Terpenoid