title: Characterization of Upper Eyelid Tarsus and Lid Wiper Dimensions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure various dimensions of the upper tarsal plate and the area of upper lid wiper staining. The repeatability of the method of measurement was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five healthy non-contact lens wearers were enrolled. The following parameters were measured from digital images of the upper eyelid captured with a slitlamp camera: length, height, and total area of the tarsal plate and area of lid wiper staining (lissamine green). Measurements were performed in a randomized and masked fashion on two separate occasions by the same investigator using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health). Coefficients of repeatability (COR) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dimensions (mean±SD) of the tarsal plate were 20.6±1.9 mm length, 7.9±0.8 mm height, and 103.3±18.8 mm total area. The area of lid wiper staining was 2.7±2.0 mm. No association was found between tarsal dimensions and lid wiper staining (all P>0.05). Image analysis COR values were 0.6 mm tarsal length, 0.1 mm tarsal height, 1.2 mm tarsal area, and 0.4 mm lid wiper staining. There was no significant difference between repeated measurements for any parameter (all P>0.05). Limits of agreement were narrow for all parameters, indicating good agreement between repeated measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work has demonstrated that there is a wide range in the dimensions of the upper tarsal plate in an urban UK population. No association was found between the upper tarsal dimensions and lid wiper staining. ImageJ was shown to be a repeatable method to measure the dimensions of the upper tarsal plate and upper lid wiper staining.
authors.affiliation: Eurolens Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navascues-Cornago
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Codina
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008086:Lissamine Green Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D006113:United Kingdom; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008086:Lissamine Green Dyes