title: Mechanical failures after fixation with proximal femoral nail and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims at assessing the clinical results, radiographic findings, and associated complications after osteosynthesis of trochanteric hip fractures with proximal femoral nail (PFN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 152 patients with hip fractures who underwent osteosynthesis with PFN were included. The hip fracture types in the patients included in the study were classified according to the American Orthopedic/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA). AO/OTA A1, A2, and A3 type fractures were found in 24 (15.8%), 107 (70.4%), and 21 (13.8%) patients, respectively. The Baumgaertner scale was used to assess the degree of postoperative reduction. The Salvati-Wilson hip function (SWS) scoring system was used to evaluate functional results. After a follow-up period, clinical and radiographic results were evaluated and complications were assessed. The relationship between the complications and SWS score, age, sex, fracture type, reduction quality, and time from the fracture to surgery was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five (55.9%) female patients and 67 (44.1%) male patients were enrolled in the study. Seventy-nine (51.9%) patients had left hip fractures, and 73 (48.1%) had right hip fractures. The mean age was 76 (range 21-93) years, and the mean follow-up duration was 23.6 (range 7-49) months. Postoperatively, one patient (0.6%) had a poor reduction, 16 patients (10.5%) had an acceptable reduction, and 135 patients (88.9%) had a good reduction according to the above criteria. The SWS scores were excellent, good, moderate, and poor in 91 (59.8%), 45 (29.6%), 15 (9.8%), and one (0.6%) patients, respectively. Late postoperative complications were seen in 27 patients (17.7%). A total of 14 patients (9.2%) underwent a revision procedure for mechanical complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results suggest that the quality of fracture reduction is an important factor that affects the revision rate and SWS score in patients with mechanical complications after osteosynthesis with PFN for trochanteric fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Bayburt State Hospital, Bayburt, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şemmi
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taşkın
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Altay
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kayalı
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fırat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: complications; fracture reduction; intramedullary nail; proximal femoral nail; risk factors; trochanteric hip fracture