title: Adjunctive dental therapy via tooth plaque reduction and gingivitis treatment by blue light-emitting diodes tooth brushing.
abstract: The efficacy of blue light-emitting toothbrushes (B-LETBs) (405 to 420 nm, power density 2  mW/cm(2)) for reduction of dental plaques and gingival inflammation has been evaluated. Microbiological study has shown the multifactor therapeutic action of the B-LETBs on oral pathological microflora: in addition to partial mechanical removal of bacteria, photodynamic action suppresses them up to 97.5%. In the pilot clinical studies, subjects with mild to moderate gingivitis have been randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group that used the B-LETBs and a control group that used standard toothbrushes. Indices of plaque, gingival bleeding, and inflammation have been evaluated. A significant improvement of all dental indices in comparison with the baseline (by 59%, 66%, and 82% for plaque, gingival bleeding, and inflammation, respectively) has been found. The treatment group has demonstrated up to 50% improvement relative to the control group. We have proposed the B-LETBs to serve for prevention of gingivitis or as an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatment of this disease due to their effectiveness and the absence of drug side effects and bacterial resistance.
authors.affiliation: National Research Saratov State University, Optics and Biophotonics Department, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, RussiabNational Research Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
authors.forename: Elina A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Genina
authors.affiliation: Saratov State Medical University, Dental Faculty, 112 Bolshaya Kazachaya Street, Saratov 410012, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Titorenko
authors.affiliation: St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics, Laser Technologies and Laser Technique Department, 49 Kronverkskiy Avenue, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Belikov
authors.affiliation: National Research Saratov State University, Optics and Biophotonics Department, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, RussiabNational Research Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bashkatov
authors.affiliation: National Research Saratov State University, Optics and Biophotonics Department, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, RussiabNational Research Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russiae.
authors.forename: Valery V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tuchin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013210:Staphylococcus; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents