title: Thrombophilia Markers in Patients with Recurrent Early Miscarriage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was to investigate the association between thrombophilia and REM by the change of thrombophilia markers and to evaluate their contribution in diagnosis and treatment of REM.
  
  
  METHODS
  199 women with REM history were divided into two groups within the study group: 151 pregnant (REM-P) and 48 nonpregnant (REM-NP). In addition, 121 healthy age-matched women without REM history were divided into two groups of the control group: 75 pregnant (Control-P) and 46 nonpregnant (Control-NP). Lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), and anti-β2-glycoprotein-I antibodies (anti-β2GPI-ab) and coagulation-related factors such as protein S (PS), protein C (PC), anti-thrombin III (AT-III), and D-dimer were analysed. The prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and the coagulation-related factors between groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of aPL positivity in REM-P (14.57%) showed a difference compared with REM-NP (2.66%) but not for aCL, anti-β2GPI-ab or LA alone. There were significant differences in the mean levels of protein S, protein C, and AT-III in REM-P. The mean values of protein C (90.3 ± 28.42%) and protein S (71.80 ± 24.68%) in the aPL positive study group were similar with that of the aPL negative study group (p = 0.406, p = 0.880). Comparing with the aPL negative study group, the mean value of AT-III (87.71 ± 21.84%) was significantly lower (p = 0.018), while the mean value of D-dimer (0.98 ± 1.1 mg/L FEU) was significantly higher (p = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We briefly address the role of the prevalence of aPL and the related coagulation factors for predicting a prethrombotic state in patients with REM. The results of the use of anticoagulants for treating REM are encouraging.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qiuju
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mingpeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shiyao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: Dijin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Longqiaozi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yunwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Chaohui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers