title: The evolution of arsenic in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and other myeloid neoplasms: Moving toward an effective oral, outpatient therapy.
abstract: The therapeutic potential of arsenic derivatives has long been recognized and was recently rediscovered in modern literature. Early studies demonstrated impressive activity of this compound in patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Over the last 2 decades, intravenous arsenic trioxide has been used successfully, both alone and in combination with other agents, for the treatment of APL and, with some success, of other myeloid neoplasms. Arsenic trioxide is currently part the standard of care for patients with APL. More recently, oral formulations of this compound have been developed and are entering clinical practice. In this review, the authors discuss the evolution of arsenic in the treatment of APL and other myeloid neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas.
authors.forename: Srdan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verstovsek
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ravandi-Kashani
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas.
authors.forename: Hagop M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide
keywords: acute promyelocytic leukemia; all-trans retinoic acid; arsenic trioxide; oral arsenic