title: Supplementary guanfacine hydrochloride as a treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A double blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of an extended release guanfacine hydrochloride supplement relative to a placebo supplement in adults (19-62) with ADHD and a sub-optimal response to a stimulant-only treatment program. The study's primary outcome measures were the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression - Severity. Twenty-six adults who met criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sub-optimal functioning were randomly assigned to supplement their existing psychostimulant treatment regimen with either a titrated dose (1-6mg) of extended release guanfacine hydrochloride or a matching placebo for a 10-week trial. The data were analyzed with standard mixed model analysis of variance procedures, and participants in both the investigational agent group and the placebo group showed statistically significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning over the course of the trial. The treatments did not differ in terms of their efficacy, safety, or tolerability. Although these results do suggest that both treatments were associated with clinical improvement, the possible impacts of socially desirable responding and regression to the mean on these results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Drive, San Diego 92016, CA, USA. Electronic address: mbutter@pointloma.edu.
authors.forename: Max E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.affiliation: Rochester Center for Behavioral Medicine, 441 S Livernois Rd #205, Rochester Hills 48307, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saal
authors.affiliation: Rochester Center for Behavioral Medicine, 441 S Livernois Rd #205, Rochester Hills 48307, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Rochester Center for Behavioral Medicine, 441 S Livernois Rd #205, Rochester Hills 48307, MI, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit 48201, MI, USA; William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W. Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak 48073, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016316:Guanfacine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016316:Guanfacine
keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Guanfacine hydrochloride; Placebo effect; Regression to the mean