title: Infective Endocarditis and Chronic Kidney Disease: How to Deal with Complications.
abstract: Infective endocarditis (IE) is the one of the most important causes of increased mortality and morbidity among haemodialysis patients. The reason for this increasing prevalence of infection among these patients is the use of haemodialysis catheters during dialysis, as these patients are highly susceptible to infections that are easily transmitted via blood access points. The present case was a geriatric end stage renal disease (ESRD) patient who was readmitted to the hospital two days after her scheduled haemodialysis session with symptoms of nosocomial endocarditis. Her concurrent medical complications were hypertension, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease. Based on her previous medical history and current examination, the patient was suspected to have IE due to catheter related infection. The goal of therapy is to manage the comorbidities and infection by provision of appropriate treatment based on close monitoring of the patient condition.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yusra
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Habib Khan
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarriff
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayat Khan
authors.affiliation: Chronic Kidney Disease Resource Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azreen Syazril
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tauqeer Hussain
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mallhi
keywords: chronic kidney diseases; endocarditis; infection