title: Aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco leaves, in lower doses, prevent fat gain in obese high-fat fed mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the rise in obesity, the necessity for resources and treatments that could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated to this pandemia has emerged. The development of new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources has been increasing in the past decades which are being used not only as medicine but also as food supplements. Previous studies with the aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco L (AECI) have demonstrated activity on lowering blood glucose levels and body weight.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigate C. icaco effects in overall adiposity and glycemic homeostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to standard chow (SC) or high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with AECI in 0.35mg/mL or 0.7mg/mL concentrations ad libitum. Food intake, feed efficiency, metabolic efficiency, body, fat pads and gastrocnemius weight, adiposity index, serum lipids, fecal lipid excretion, locomotor activity in the open field test and insulin and glucose tolerance tests were analyzed and compared. The major components of the extract were demonstrated through HPLC and its antioxidant activity analyzed through DPPH and lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AECI in the 0.35mg/mL concentration did not affect food intake or body weight. However, it promoted lower adipose tissue gain, TG levels, and fecal lipid excretion, increased locomotor activity and lean mass weight, and normalized insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Moreover, AECI showed the presence of myricetin 3-O-glucuronide, rutin, quercitrin and myricitrin and demonstrated high-antioxidant activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AECI in lower concentrations can prevent fat storage or enhance fat utilization through the increase of locomotor activity. Also, this reinforces its ability to maintain glucose homeostasis through the normalization of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance despite the high-fat diet intake. These activities could be associated to the extract's polyphenol content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil. Electronic address: pollyannawhite@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cercato
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Lucca
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Goes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: E R A
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: V R S
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: P C L
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Oliveira E Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Quintans-Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: A A S
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R V
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D045469:Chrysobalanaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Adipose tissue; Chrysobalanus icaco; Ferrous sulfate (PubChem CID: 24393); Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 46780424); Locomotor activity; Myricetin (PubChem CID: 5281672); Myricetin 3-O-glucuronide; Myricetin 3-O-glucuronide (PubChem CID: 5487413); Myricitrin; Myricitrin (PubChem CID: 5281673); Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343); Quercitrin; Quercitrin (PubChem CID: 5280459); Rutin; Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805); Tiobarbituric acid (PubChem CID: 2723628); Trichloroacetic acid (PubChem CID: 6421)