title: Pathophysiology of neutrophil-mediated extracellular redox reactions.
abstract: Neutrophil granulocyte leukocytes (neutrophils) play fundamental role in the innate immune response. In the presence of adequate stimuli, neutrophils release excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may induce cell and tissue injury. Oxidative burst of neutrophils acts as a double-edged sword. It may contribute to the pathology of atherosclerosis and brain injury but is also necessary in resolving infections. Moreover, neutrophil-derived ROS may also have both a tumor promoting and tumor suppressing role. ROS have a specific activities and diffusion distance, which is related to their short lifetime. Therefore, the manner in which ROS will act depends on the cells targeted and the intra- and extracellular levels of individual ROS, which can further cause production of reactive aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) that act as a second messengers of ROS. In this review we discuss the influence of neutrophil mediated extracellular redox reactions in ischemia reperfusion injury, transplant rejection and chronic diseases (atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer). At the end a brief overview of cellular mechanisms to maintain ROS homeostasis is given.
authors.affiliation: Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Toxicology and Multipurpose Department, Doha, Qatar, mjaganjac@adlqatar.qa.
authors.forename: Morana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaganjac
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cipak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf Joerg
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schaur
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Neven
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zarkovic
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species