title: Fracture patterns in the maxillofacial region: a four-year retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The facial bones are the most noticeable area in the human body, and facial injuries can cause significant functional, aesthetic, and psychological complications. Continuous study of the patterns of facial bone fractures and changes in trends is helpful in the prevention and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. The purpose of the current clinico-statistical study is to investigate the pattern of facial fractures over a 4-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 1,824 fracture sites was carried out in 1,284 patients admitted to SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center for facial bone fracture from January 2010 to December 2013. We evaluated the distributions of age/gender/season, fracture site, cause of injury, duration from injury to treatment, hospitalization period, and postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of men to women was 3.2:1. Most fractures occurred in individuals aged between teens to 40s and were most prevalent at the middle and end of the month. Fractures occurred in the nasal bone (65.0%), orbital wall (29.2%), maxillary wall (15.3%), zygomatic arch (13.2%), zygomaticomaxillary complex (9.8%), mandibular symphysis (6.5%), mandibular angle (5.9%), mandibular condyle (4.9%), and mandibular body (1.9%). The most common etiologies were fall (32.5%) and assault (26.0%). The average duration of injury to treatment was 6 days, and the average hospitalization period was 5 days. Eighteen postoperative complications were observed in 17 patients, mainly infection and malocclusion in the mandible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reflects the tendency for trauma in the Seoul metropolitan region because it analyzes all facial fracture patients who visited our hospital regardless of the specific department. Distinctively, in this study, midfacial fractures had a much higher incidence than mandible fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Pil
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0240-1145
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Un
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6112-1768
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Hwan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1424-5802
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Bae
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7303-1746
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Whan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1792-2023
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Grand Dental Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Young
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1960-1848
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0413-2954
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Bone; Facial bones; Fractures; Maxillofacial injuries; Retrospective studies