title: The SNP rs9677 of VPAC1 gene is associated with glycolipid control and heart function in female patients with type 2 diabetes: A follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a previous study, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9677, mapped in the 3'-UTR of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VPAC1) gene, was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Caucasian women. Moreover, the CC genotype correlated with a worse glycolipid profile. The objectives of this study were to confirm this correlation and assess the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the previously investigated diabetic women after a follow-up of 4.6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 143 women with T2D, with 53 carrying the CC genotype (age: 71.7 ± 7.4 years, diabetes duration: 17.2 ± 9.9 years) and 90 carrying the CT + TT genotypes (age: 69.4 ± 8.8 years, diabetes duration: 14.3 ± 8.2 years), were followed up for 4.6 ± 1.8 years. At follow-up, the clinical and haematochemical parameters were analysed. Twelve-lead electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography and the percentage of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or of those subjected to coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery were evaluated. At follow-up, there was no significant difference in terms of the clinical and haematochemical parameters between the two groups. However, despite a significantly increased use of statin therapy, no significant improvement in the LDL cholesterol levels was observed in CC female patients unlike those with CT + TT (P = 0.02). Moreover, the CC female patients presented a significantly higher percentage of echocardiographic abnormalities (P = 0.035), especially left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rs9677 CC genotype could be correlated with a reduced response to statin therapy and seems to be involved in diabetes cardiomyopathy in female patients with T2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tavaglione
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Filardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fallarino
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mandosi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turinese
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: susanna.morano@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morano
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; C495506:VIPR1 protein, human
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Dyslipidaemia; Female; Type 2 diabetes; Vasoactive intestinal peptide; Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1