title: The use of dialogue tools to promote dialogue-based and person-centred patient education for people with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore educator experiences of implementing dialogue tools in practice to engender participatory patient education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected through qualitative interviews with 31 educators and 20 ethnographic observations of group-based education sessions at eight education sites. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation and the theoretical concepts of script and de-script. Three dialogue tools including 'My Illness and Me', 'Goals and Plan's and 'Wheel of Change' were selected for analysis because they were used most frequently. The tools are intended to support educators in facilitating participatory patient education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with the intended purpose of the dialogue tools, educators reported that the dialogue tools helped engender participatory education in the form of reflection and dialogue among participants regarding living with diabetes. However, educators also reported instances of discrepancies between the tools' intended purpose and their actual use because some participants found it difficult to relate to the tools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of dialogue tools to engender participatory patient education is highly dependent on educators' and participants' understanding and use of dialogue tools in practice. This implies that substantial educator skills are needed to facilitate dialogue and participation in patient education.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark CopenRehab, Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Center for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Natasja K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark riap@steno.dk.
authors.forename: Regitze As
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pals
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Willaing
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006126:Group Processes; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D019370:Observation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012648:Self Care
keywords: Patient education; educational practice; participatory methods; person-centredness; type 2 diabetes