title: Hybridization following population collapse in a critically endangered antelope.
abstract: Population declines may promote interspecific hybridization due to the shortage of conspecific mates (Hubb's 'desperation' hypothesis), thus greatly increasing the risk of species extinction. Yet, confirming this process in the wild has proved elusive. Here we combine camera-trapping and molecular surveys over seven years to document demographic processes associated with introgressive hybridization between the critically endangered giant sable antelope (Hippotragus niger variani), and the naturally sympatric roan antelope (H. equinus). Hybrids with intermediate phenotypes, including backcrosses with roan, were confirmed in one of the two remnant giant sable populations. Hybridization followed population depletion of both species due to severe wartime poaching. In the absence of mature sable males, a mixed herd of sable females and hybrids formed and grew progressively over time. To prevent further hybridization and recover this small population, all sable females were confined to a large enclosure, to which sables from the other remnant population were translocated. Given the large scale declines in many animal populations, hybridization and introgression associated with the scarcity of conspecific mates may be an increasing cause of biodiversity conservation concern. In these circumstances, the early detection of hybrids should be a priority in the conservation management of small populations.
authors.affiliation: CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, and Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s⁄n. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.|ISCED - Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla, Rua Sarmento Rodrigues, Lubango, Angola.|Fundação Kissama, Rua Joaquim Capango n°49, 1°D, Luanda, Angola.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vaz Pinto
authors.affiliation: CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, and Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s⁄n. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.|Fundação Kissama, Rua Joaquim Capango n°49, 1°D, Luanda, Angola.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beja
authors.affiliation: CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, and Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s⁄n. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.|ISCED - Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla, Rua Sarmento Rodrigues, Lubango, Angola.|Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrand
authors.affiliation: CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, and Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s⁄n. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.|ISCED - Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla, Rua Sarmento Rodrigues, Lubango, Angola.|Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godinho
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D000866:Antelopes / Q000235:genetics*; D056727:Endangered Species; D005260:Female; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D011156:Population Density