title: Prognostic role of PPAR-γ and PTEN in the renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expressions with prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study subjects included 87 RCC tissues, 28 paracarcinoma tissues and 21 normal renal tissues. PPAR-γ and PTEN detection was conducted using immunohistochemistry staining. The association of PPAR-γ and PTEN with the clinical parameters and prognosis of RCC was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards regression model were used for exploring the relation between variables and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among normal renal tissues, para-carcinoma tissues and renal cell carcinomas, positive PPAR-γ expression presented with a progressive tendency (P < 0.001), while positive PTEN expression a degressive tendency (P < 0.001). PPAR-γ expressions were closely related to tumor size, clinical stage and lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). PTEN expressions were in close association with tumor size, Fuhrman grading, lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). PPAR-γ expressions were in a negative relation with PTEN expressions (r = -0.417, P < 0.001). Negative PPAR-γ expressions confer a significantly higher overall survival rate than positive PPAR-γ expressions (P = 0.015), while negative PTEN expressions confer a significantly lower overall survival rate than positive PTEN expressions (P = 0.003). Clinical staging, Fuhrman grading, lymph node metastases, PPAR-γ and PTEN were independent prognostic factors for prognosis (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR-γ and PTEN expressions are related to the clinical parameters and prognosis of RCC and may be a biomarker for prognosis of RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chaoyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University Kaifeng 475000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University Kaifeng 475000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University Kaifeng 475000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047495:PPAR gamma; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: PPAR-gamma; PTEN; prognosis; renal cell carcinoma; survival