title: Face Age and Eye Gaze Influence Older Adults' Emotion Recognition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eye gaze has been shown to influence emotion recognition. In addition, older adults (over 65 years) are not as influenced by gaze direction cues as young adults (18-30 years). Nevertheless, these differences might stem from the use of young to middle-aged faces in emotion recognition research because older adults have an attention bias toward old-age faces. Therefore, using older face stimuli might allow older adults to process gaze direction cues to influence emotion recognition.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate this idea, young and older adults completed an emotion recognition task with young and older face stimuli displaying direct and averted gaze, assessing labeling accuracy for angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, and sad faces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Direct gaze rather than averted gaze improved young adults' recognition of emotions in young and older faces, but for older adults this was true only for older faces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study highlights the impact of stimulus face age and gaze direction on emotion recognition in young and older adults. The use of young face stimuli with direct gaze in most research might contribute to age-related emotion recognition differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Janice E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Lianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruffman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D000786:Anger; D001288:Attention; D003463:Cues; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005133:Eye Movements; D005149:Facial Expression; D019066:Facies; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: Aging; Emotion recognition; Gaze direction; Own-age bias