title: Does the Difficulty of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Differ Between Genders?
abstract: Some studies have shown that severe fibrosis and anatomical anomalies are more common in men, and subsequently, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more difficult in male than female patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of gender in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with regard to the conversion rate, the differences in histological inflammation severity, and anatomical difficulty. We reviewed retrospectively 915 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the First Department of General Surgery at Vakif Gureba Training and Research Hospital. Patients were divided into male (group 1) and female (group 2) groups. Both groups were compared with demographic criteria, the type of inflammation found on resected gallbladder, anatomical difficulty, gallbladder perforation during the operation, length of operation time, conversion rate, and omental and organ adhesions to the gallbladder. Of the 915 patients, 173 patients (19 %) were males (group 1), and 742 (81 %) were females (group 2). Mean age was 53 ± 12 (range 22 to 80) years in group 1 and 49 ± 13 (range 17 to 85) years in group 2. The average duration of surgery was 71 ± 33 min (range 20 to 160) in group 1 and 58 ± 27 min (range 15 to 135) in group 2 (p < 0.001). The conversion rate between groups was significantly different (p < 0.05). Inflammatory findings (acute or chronic) in resected gallbladder between groups 1 and 2 were significantly different (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively). The frequency of adhesions between the gallbladder and omentum and other organs was higher in male (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0006, respectively). Anatomical difficulty was more prominent in male patients (p < 0.0001). The findings of higher scores of anatomical difficulty in operation and inflammation in cholecystectomy specimens, as well as higher rates of conversion in males, suggested that laparoscopic gallbladder surgery is more difficult in men.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Molla Gurani Mah. Turgut Ozal Cad., 92/8, 34093 Fatih Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akcakaya
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gurhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Private Ethica Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gurol
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahin
keywords: Conversion; Gender; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Operation time