title: On orthorexia nervosa: A review of the literature and proposed diagnostic criteria.
abstract: There has been a growing interest among clinicians and researchers about a condition where people restrict their diet based not on quantity of food they consume, but based on its quality. Bratman (1997) coined the term "orthorexia nervosa" to describe people whose extreme diets - intended for health reasons - are in fact leading to malnutrition and/or impairment of daily functioning. There has also recently been intense media interest in people whose highly restrictive "healthy" diet leads to disordered eating. Despite this condition being first described in the U.S., and receiving recent media interest here, orthorexia has largely gone unnoticed in the North American literature. This review article details the literature of orthorexia nervosa, describing its emergence as a condition first described by a physician in a yoga magazine, to its being discussed in the scientific literature. It also reviews prevalence studies and discusses marked shortcomings in the literature. Finally, diagnostic criteria are proposed, as are future directions for research.
authors.affiliation: Campus Box 94, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States. Electronic address: Thomas.dunn@unco.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: California Pacific Medical Center, 3700 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States. Electronic address: stevenbratman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bratman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology; D000072001:Diet, Healthy / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: Eating disorders; Orthorexia nervosa; Unhealthy eating