title: A survey of remote optical photoplethysmographic imaging methods.
abstract: In recent years researchers have presented a number of new methods for recovering physiological parameters using just low-cost digital cameras and image processing. The ubiquity of digital cameras presents the possibility for many new, low-cost applications of vital sign monitoring. In this paper we present a review of the work on remote photoplethysmographic (PPG) imaging using digital cameras. This review specifically focuses on the state-of-the-art in PPG imaging where: 1) measures beyond pulse rate are evaluated, 2) non-ideal conditions (e.g., the presence of motion artifacts) are explored, and 3) use cases in relevant environments are demonstrated. We discuss gaps within the literature and future challenges for the research community. To aid in the continuing advancement of PPG imaging research, we are making available a website with the references collected for this review as well as information on available code and datasets of interest. It is our hope that this website will become a valuable resource for the PPG imaging community. The site can be found at: http://web.mit.edu/~djmcduff/www/ remote-physiology.html.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McDuff
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Estepp
authors.forename: Alyssa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Piasecki
authors.forename: Ethan B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Blackford
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009068:Movement; D061848:Optical Imaging; D017156:Photoplethysmography / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires