title: A historical perspective on ankle ligaments reconstructive surgery.
abstract: Ankle sprains are by far the most common injuries treated by sport medicine physicians. Treatment is mainly conservative, but in some cases surgical intervention is required. The aim of the present manuscript is to give an insight into the origins and developments of ankle ligaments reconstructive surgery, underlining the fundamental steps that marked the transition from a mere conservative approach to surgical treatment options. In this historical note, the most illustrious figures who contributed to this particular field of orthopaedic practice are also acknowledged. Level of evidence V.
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. berardo.dimatteo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Berardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Matteo
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tarabella
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filardo
authors.affiliation: Biblioteche Scientifiche IOR, Donazione Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomba
authors.affiliation: Biblioteche Scientifiche IOR, Donazione Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurilio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcacci
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaffagnini
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000266:history*; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Ankle ligaments; Ankle sprain; History of surgery; Reconstructive techniques