title: Socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported chronic non-communicable diseases in urban Hanoi, Vietnam.
abstract: This study measures and decomposes socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of self-reported chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in urban Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-sectional survey of 1211 selected households was carried out in four urban districts in both slum and non-slum areas of Hanoi city in 2013. The respondents were asked if a doctor or health worker had diagnosed any household members with an NCD, such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory, diabetes or cancer, during last 12 months. Information from 3736 individuals, aged 15 years and over, was used for the analysis. The concentration index (CI) was used to measure inequalities in self-reported NCD prevalence, and it was also decomposed into contributing factors. The prevalence of chronic NCDs in the slum and non-slum areas was 7.9% and 11.6%, respectively. The CIs show gradients disadvantageous to both the slum (CI = -0.103) and non-slum (CI = -0.165) areas. Lower socioeconomic status and aging significantly contributed to inequalities in the self-reported NCDs, particularly for those living in the slum areas. The findings confirm the existence of substantial socioeconomic inequalities linked to NCDs in urban Vietnam. Future policies should target these vulnerable areas.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Population Health Sciences , Hanoi School of Public Health , Hanoi , Vietnam.|b Center for Health System Research , Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi , Vietnam.|c Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Vu Duy
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Kien
authors.affiliation: a Center for Population Health Sciences , Hanoi School of Public Health , Hanoi , Vietnam.|b Center for Health System Research , Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Hoang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Minh
authors.affiliation: b Center for Health System Research , Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi , Vietnam.|d Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health , Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Kim Bao
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Giang
authors.affiliation: e Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: c Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinehall
authors.affiliation: c Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: c Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Nawi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D000073296:Noncommunicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011203:Poverty; D036301:Qualitative Research; D057566:Self Report; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Inequality; Vietnam; decomposition; non-communicable diseases; urban