title: Time Spent Walking and Risk of Diabetes in Japanese Adults: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Diabetes Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between time spent walking and risk of diabetes was investigated in a Japanese population-based cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Diabetes cohort were analyzed. The surveys of diabetes were performed at baseline and at the 5-year follow-up. Time spent walking per day was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire (<30 minutes, 30 minutes to <1 hour, 1 to <2 hours, or ≥2 hours). A cross-sectional analysis was performed among 26 488 adults in the baseline survey. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between time spent walking and the presence of unrecognized diabetes. We then performed a longitudinal analysis that was restricted to 11 101 non-diabetic adults who participated in both the baseline and 5-year surveys. The association between time spent walking and the incidence of diabetes during the 5 years was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cross-sectional analysis, 1058 participants had unrecognized diabetes. Those with time spent walking of <30 minutes per day had increased odds of having diabetes in relation to those with time spent walking of ≥2 hours (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.48). In the longitudinal analysis, 612 participants developed diabetes during the 5 years of follow-up. However, a significant association between time spent walking and the incidence of diabetes was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased risk of diabetes was implied in those with time spent walking of <30 minutes per day, although the longitudinal analysis failed to show a significant result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kabeya
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isogawa
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*