title: Protective Effects of Indole-3-Carbinol-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity.
abstract: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, the potential of I3C to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear because of its poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Because polymer-based drug delivery systems stabilized by surfactants have been intensively utilized as a strategy to cross the blood-brain barrier, we prepared I3C-loaded poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) that were stabilized by Tween 80 (T80) (I3C-PLGA-T80-NPs) and examined their neuroprotective potential in vitro. We prepared I3C-PLGA-T80-NPs with an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation technique and confirmed their successful synthesis with both transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. I3C-PLGA-T80-NPs were then used to treat PC12 neuronal cells injured by glutamate excitotoxicity (GE) and examined the resulting survival rates compared with PC12 cells treated with I3C only. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed higher survival rates in I3C-PLGA-T80-NPs-treated cells after GE injury compared with those treated with I3C only. Furthermore, I3C-PLGA-T80-NPs decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis-related enzymes (Caspase-3 and -8) in GE-damaged neuronal cells. Taken together, I3C-PLGA-T80-NPs might possess neuroprotective effects against GE through ROS scavenging and subsequent apoptosis blockage.
authors.forename: Ji Heun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jwa-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: Kwang Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Je Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nam Seob
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Gil
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Do Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Kwan
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D007211:Indoles; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C045866:peptide-Gly-Leu-amide; C016517:indole-3-carbinol