title: Identification of geographical origins of raw American ginseng and tablets based on stable isotope ratios.
abstract: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a medicine food homology plant, whose origin determines the medicinal and economical values. Therefore, a reliable method for the determination of its geographical origin must be established. An accurate, common and stable method to identify geographical origins of raw American ginseng and tablets was established by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). 53 samples from 5 origins were collected and analyzed for isotope ratios of the elements C, H, O and N. The result showed that δ(2)H, δ(18)O and δ(15)N values were different among each geographical origin. The δ(2)H, δ(18)O and δ(15)N values were also used to establish discrimination model of geographical origin. According to verification test, the discrimination model of geographical origin was accurate and stable. The δ(2)H, δ(18)O and δ15N values were also found no significant difference between raw American ginseng and its tablet, so the discrimination model of geographical origin could also be used to discriminate the geographical origin of American ginseng tablet. In conclusion, the δ(2) H, δ(18) O and δ(15) N values can be used to discriminate the geographical origin of raw American ginseng and its tablet.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University Of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Zhihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University Of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Shouying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University Of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Information Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Renquan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University Of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Huanhuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University Of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Tianxuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University Of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Fanyao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University Of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. Electronic address: machanghua60@sina.com.
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D005843:Geography; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D011786:Quality Control; D013607:Tablets; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D013607:Tablets; D003903:Deuterium
keywords: American ginseng tablet; IRMS; Raw American ginseng; Stable isotope ratios