title: Tailored treatment strategies for obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (UA) during sleep and is associated with chronic intermittent hypoxemia, catecholamine surges, and sleep disrupt. Multiple pathophysiological risk factors have been identified and contribute to OSA, including anatomical abnormalities (elevated UA mechanical load), compromised UA dilators, increased loop gain (unstable respiratory control), and decreased arousal threshold. These factors may contribute to the pathophysiology of sleep apnea in different individuals and recent evidence suggests that treatment may be targeted towards underlying pathophysiological mechanism. In some cases, combination therapy may be required to treat the condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: shin1chul@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wonchul
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: rachjen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China. Electronic address: sylvia.ru.li@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University of California at San Diego, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7381, La Jolla, CA 92037-7381, USA. Electronic address: amalhotra@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D057285:Precision Medicine; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines
keywords: Airway; Apnea; Lung; Muscle; Sleep