title: Fourier transform infrared analysis of Tamra Bhasma at different levels: A preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tamra Bhasma, one among the herbo-metallic preparations is extensively used in Ayurveda for different conditions. To make it safe to use, Tamra has to pass through a set of classical pharmaceutical procedures including a series of quenching in prescribed liquids, followed by incineration with black sulfide of mercury and herbal juice of Citrus jambhiri Lush. and corm of Amorphophallus campanulatus Linn. FTIR profiles of Tamra Bhasma at different levels is not available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the chemical changes in Tamra Bhasma at different steps by following Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In current study, raw Tamra, intermediate samples obtained during purification, incineration and Amritikarana were analyzed using FTIR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that Shodhana procedure leads in the formation of bonds between surface particles of Tamra and Shodhana media. These formed bonds on the surface of Shodhita Tamra samples gave various sharp peaks representing presence of many functional groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FTIR spectra revealed that both Bhasma samples contained organic compounds probably in the form of a complex with common functional groups like alkyl, methyl, etc., which need further studies for exact characterization of the complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana Including Drug Research, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Swapnil Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.affiliation: Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Dhirajsingh S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rajput
authors.affiliation: Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana Including Drug Research, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galib
authors.affiliation: Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana Including Drug Research, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Prajapati
keywords: Copper; Fourier transform infrared; Marana; Shodhana; Tamra Bhasma