title: Post-entry blockade of small ruminant lentiviruses by wild ruminants.
abstract: Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection causes losses in the small ruminant industry due to reduced animal production and increased replacement rates. Infection of wild ruminants in close contact with infected domestic animals has been proposed to play a role in SRLV epidemiology, but studies are limited and mostly involve hybrids between wild and domestic animals. In this study, SRLV seropositive red deer, roe deer and mouflon were detected through modified ELISA tests, but virus was not successfully amplified using a set of different PCRs. Apparent restriction of SRLV infection in cervids was not related to the presence of neutralizing antibodies. In vitro cultured skin fibroblastic cells from red deer and fallow deer were permissive to the SRLV entry and integration, but produced low quantities of virus. SRLV got rapidly adapted in vitro to blood-derived macrophages and skin fibroblastic cells from red deer but not from fallow deer. Thus, although direct detection of virus was not successfully achieved in vivo, these findings show the potential susceptibility of wild ruminants to SRLV infection in the case of red deer and, on the other hand, an in vivo SRLV restriction in fallow deer. Altogether these results may highlight the importance of surveilling and controlling SRLV infection in domestic as well as in wild ruminants sharing pasture areas, and may provide new natural tools to control SRLV spread in sheep and goats.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain. Leticia.sanjose@unavarra.es.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanjosé
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain. Helena.crespo@unavarra.es.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland. laure.cardinaux@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blatti-Cardinaux
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain. idoia.g@unavarra.es.
authors.forename: Idoia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Glaria
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. cmcpleit@um.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. berriatu@um.es.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berriatua
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain. bamorena@unavarra.es.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amorena
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain. ancad@unavarra.es.
authors.forename: Damián
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Andrés
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland. bertoni@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain. ramses.reina@unavarra.es.
authors.forename: Ramses
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D003670:Deer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology*; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000502:physiology*; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral