title: [Clinical study on application of intermittent hemofiltration combined with hemoperfusion in the early stage of severe burn in the prevention and treatment of sepsis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of application of intermittent hemofiltration combined with hemoperfusion (HP) in the early stage of severe burn in the prevention and treatment of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty severely burned patients, admitted to our burn ward from June 2011 to March 2013, conforming to the study criteria, were divided into conventional treatment group (CT, n=20) and blood purification group (BP, n=20) according to the random number table. Patients in group CT received CT according to the accepted principles of treatment for a severe burn. Patients in group BP received CT and intermittent hemofiltration combined with HP once respectively on post injury day (PID) 3, 5, and 7, spanning 6 to 8 hours for each treatment. On PID 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14, body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded; white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil granulocytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were determined; levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in serum were determined by ELISA; level of LPS in serum was determined with the chromogenic substrate limulus amebocyte lysate method; level of procalcitonin (PCT) in serum was determined by double antibody sandwich immune chemiluminescence method. The symptoms and signs of sepsis were observed during the treatment. Data were processed with Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, and LSD-t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Except for that on PID 5, the mean body temperature of patients in group BP was significantly lower than that of group CT at each of the rest time points (with t values from 1.87 to 2.97, P values below 0.05). The heart rate was significantly slower in patients of group BP than in group CT from PID 3 to 14 (with t values from 1.78 to 3.59, P values below 0.05). Except for that on PID 3, the respiratory rate of patients in group BP was significantly slower than that of group CT at each of the rest time points (with t values from 1.93 to 2.85, P values below 0.05). (2) The levels of WBC, neutrophil granulocytes, BUN, and creatinine of patients in group BP were significantly lower than those of group CT (with t values from 1.78 to 4.23, P values below 0.05). (3) Except for that on PID 3, the level of IL-1 of patients in group BP was significantly lower than that of group CT at each of the rest time points (with t values from 1.97 to 4.16, P values below 0.05). Except for that on PID 7, the level of IL-6 of patients in group BP was significantly lower than that of group CT at each of the rest time points (with t values from 2.11 to 6.34, P values below 0.05). The levels of TNF-α and HMGB1 of patients in group BP were significantly lower than those of group CT from PID 3 to 14 (with t values from 1.98 to 5.29, P values below 0.05). (4) On PID 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14, the levels of LPS and PCT of patients in group BP were respectively (0.23 ± 0.07), (0.27 ± 0.09), (0.22 ± 0.06), (0.20 ± 0.08), (0.15 ± 0.07) EU/mL, and (0.44 ± 0.12), (0.67 ± 0.13), (0.74 ± 0.13), (0.64 ± 0.12), (0.71 ± 0.10) ng/mL, and they were lower than those of group CT [(0.37 ± 0.08), (0.45 ± 0.09), (0.56 ± 0.09), (0.48 ± 0.08), (0.40 ± 0.08) EU/mL, and (0.74 ± 0.11), (1.16 ± 0.12), (1.40 ± 0.13), (1.55 ± 0.15), (1.49 ± 0.14) ng/mL, with t values from 1.88 to 3.43, P values below 0.05]. (5) The incidence of sepsis of patients in group BP was obviously lower than that of group CT (χ² = 6.94, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent hemofiltration combined with HP can effectively improve blood biochemical indexes and vital signs and reduce the occurrence of burn sepsis by decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, LPS, and PCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns, Burn Treatment Center of Shanxi Province, Tisco General Hospital, Taiyuan 030009, China.
authors.forename: Wanli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns, Burn Treatment Center of Shanxi Province, Tisco General Hospital, Taiyuan 030009, China; Email: leijinld@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns, Burn Treatment Center of Shanxi Province, Tisco General Hospital, Taiyuan 030009, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns, Burn Treatment Center of Shanxi Province, Tisco General Hospital, Taiyuan 030009, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002056:Burns / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods*; D006464:Hemoperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D011498:Protein Precursors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D044967:Serum; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011498:Protein Precursors; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide