title: Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections in Children.
abstract: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an emerging global public health threat. Infections due to CRE are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few therapeutic options are available for treatment of these infections, and optimal antibiotic treatment regimens are unclear. Along with the rapidly increasing prevalence of CRE in the USA and worldwide, several studies have described the epidemiology of CRE in the adult population. While CRE are now also reported sporadically in children, there is a significant lack of data on the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes in this population. This article provides a comprehensive review of what is known to date about CRE, including clinical and molecular epidemiology, microbiologic diagnosis, antibiotic treatment options, and outcomes. In particular, this review will focus on the available data on CRE in the pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. chiotosk@email.chop.edu.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Building, Room 1202, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. chiotosk@email.chop.edu.|Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. chiotosk@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiotos
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 811 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. jennifer.han@uphs.upenn.edu.|Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. jennifer.han@uphs.upenn.edu.|Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. jennifer.han@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Suite 3149, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. ptamma1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Pranita D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Tamma
keywords: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE); Carbapenemases; Gram-negative; KPCs; Multidrug-resistant organisms; Pediatrics; Resistant gram-negative bacteria