title: Hormonal Neuroendocrine and Vasoconstrictor Peptide Responses of Ball Game and Cyclic Sport Elite Athletes by Treadmill Test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to evaluate complex hormonal response in ball game and cyclic sport elite athletes through an incremental treadmill test, since, so far, variables in experimental procedures have often hampered comparisons of data.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined anthropometric data, heart rate, maximal oxygen uptake, workload, plasma levels of lactate, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, angiontensinogen and endothelin in control (n = 6), soccer (n = 8), handball (n = 12), kayaking (n = 9) and triathlon (n = 9) groups based on a Bruce protocol through a maximal exercise type of spiroergometric test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained significant increases for adrenaline, 2.9- and 3.9-fold by comparing the normalized means for soccer players and kayakers and soccer players and triathletes after/before test, respectively. For noradrenaline, we observed an even stronger, three-time significant difference between each type of ball game and cyclic sport activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise related adrenaline and noradrenaline changes were more pronounced than dopamine plasma level changes and revealed an opportunity to differentiate cyclic and ball game activities and control group upon these parameters. Normalization of concentration ratios of the monitored compounds by the corresponding maximal oxygen uptake reflected better the differences in the response level of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and cortisol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Protzner
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmodis
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Udvardy
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bosnyák
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Emese
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trájer
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Komka
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Hungarian Armed Forces, Aeromedical Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary.
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Györe
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tóth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D056352:Athletes; D001642:Bicycling; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D012916:Soccer; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010100:Oxygen