title: Clostridium butyricum pretreatment attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis.
abstract: Probiotics participate actively in the neuropsychiatric disorders. However, their roles on ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study aims to determine whether Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) could attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its possible mechanisms. Male ICR mice were intragastrically pretreated with C. butyricum for 2 successive weeks, and then subjected to cerebral I/R injury induced by the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 20min. After 24h of the reperfusion, neurological deficit scores were evaluated. Histopathological changes of the hippocampus neurons were observed using Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the brain were detected. The expression of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The butyrate contents in the brain were determined. Our results showed that cerebral I/R injury led to neurological deficit, increased levels of Caspase-3 and Bax and decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. C. butyricum significantly improved neurological deficit, relieved histopathologic change, decreased MDA contents and increased SOD activities in the I/R injury mice. After C. butyricum pretreatment, the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax were significantly decreased, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly increased, and butyrate contents in the brain were significantly increased. These findings suggested that C. butyricum is able to exert neuroprotective effects against I/R injury mice through anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, and reversing decrease of butyrate contents in the brain might be involved in its neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 College West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
authors.forename: Zongxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Fangyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenqian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Haixiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China. Electronic address: wzjiaming_liu@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiaming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D046972:Clostridium butyricum; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Anti-apoptosis; Anti-oxidative; Butyrate; Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury; Neuroprotective effects