title: Alleviation of Epiphora by Canaliculosinostomy into the Caudal Maxillary Sinus in the Horse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a technique of canaliculosinostomy into the caudal maxillary sinus to alleviate epiphora secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction and to report the long-term outcome in 5 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five client-owned horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case records of all horses presented for chronic epiphora to a single equine hospital that underwent surgical treatment were reviewed. All included horses had a Jones test or dacryocystography to confirm nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All horses were anesthetized and canaliculosinostomy was created from the medial canthus of the eye into the caudal maxillary sinus using a Steinmann pin and Jacob's chuck. A Foley catheter was placed normograde through the stoma. The inflated bulb held the Foley in place in the sinus, while the proximal end was pulled through the upper eyelid and sutured to the skin on the head. The Foley catheter was maintained in place for 3 weeks and then removed under sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five horses were included. There were no intraoperative difficulties or complications. One horse dislodged the Foley catheter 3 days postoperatively. No other postoperative complications occurred. Followup was available for all horses. One horse was euthanatized for unrelated reasons 10 weeks postoperative at which time epiphora was resolved. The remaining 4 horses had resolution of epiphora at followup (24-46 months postoperative).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes a simple technique for canaliculosinostomy into the caudal maxillary sinus and long-term outcome in 4 of 5 horses, all of which had resolution of epiphora. This technique can be used to resolve epiphora of various etiologies.
authors.affiliation: Rossdales Equine Hospital, Newmarket, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Claire S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Rossdales Equine Hospital, Newmarket, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wylie
authors.affiliation: Rossdales Equine Hospital, Newmarket, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Polly C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Compston
authors.affiliation: Rossdales Equine Hospital, Newmarket, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies