title: Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute myocarditis developed in a previously healthy adult with influenza B.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Influenza B virus infection is generally considered to be mild and is rarely associated pulmonary cardiovascular involvement in adults. However fatal complications may occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 43-year-old previously healthy Taiwanese male came to our emergency department due to high fever, chills, general malaise and myalgia for about 4 days. An influenza rapid test from a throat swab was negative. Chest radiography showed mild left lung infiltration and levofloxacin was prescribed. However, progressive shortness of breath and respiratory failure developed 48 h later after hospitalization. Emergent intubation was performed and he was transferred to the intensive care unit where oseltamivir (Tamiflu, Roche) 75 mg orally twice daily was given immediately. In the intensive care unit, cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries. However, a markedly elevated cardiac enzyme level (Troponin I level was up to 71.01 ng/ml), a positive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings and no coronary artery stenosis led to the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Subsequent real-time polymerase chain reaction of endotracheal aspirates was positive for influenza B. His condition gradually improved and he was successfully weaned from the ventilator on day 22. He was discharged without prominent complications on day 35.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influenza B infection is not always a mild disease. Early detection, early administration of antiviral agents, appropriate antibiotics and best supportive care, is still the gold standard for patients such as the one reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. hsliac@cc.kmu.edu.tw.|Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. hsliac@cc.kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsu-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 940360@mail.kmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Jui-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. yingming@kmu.edu.tw.|Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. yingming@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ying-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 960017@mail.kmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Shang-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. medsnail@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hsuan-Fu
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. chjeya@cc.kmu.edu.tw.|Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. chjeya@cc.kmu.edu.tw.|School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. chjeya@cc.kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000235:genetics; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents