title: The use of a photogrammetric method for the three-dimensional evaluation of spinal correction in scoliosis.
abstract: Clinical parameters, characterizing the spinal deformations due to scoliosis, are still directly measured on the spinal curve plane projections.
  
  
  
  A 3D spinal curve has been reconstructed from its two projections, using photogrammetric techniques. Each spinal curve is a compound of several plane regions, where it is purely flexed, and short zones of connection, where abduction and axial rotation components are concentrated. All spinal curves are represented as linear chains of regional planes articulated together. The regional plane is represented by a triangle, where one summit corresponds to the point of maximum offset. The set of weight forces, representing pelvis and spine, forms a bundle of vertical forces. The dispersion of the bundle illustrates the postural stability of patients.
  
  
  
  The first objective was to numerically describe the changes of the 3D spinal feature, due to the correcting treatment. Changes are calculated from the comparison between 3D radiologic situations, between before and after treatment. The second objective was to determine the direction of the external force, which would be the most efficient for correcting the patient set spine/rib cage. A mild mechanical analysis is proposed, for representing the transit of the external force, from rib cage to thoracic regional plane.
authors.affiliation: L'Hôpital Nord Ouest Villefranche/Saône, Plateau d'Ouilly, BP 436, 69655, Villefranche/Saône cedex, France. eberthonnaud@lhopitalnordouest.fr.|Group of Applied Research in Orthopedic (GARO), Villefranche/Saône, France. eberthonnaud@lhopitalnordouest.fr.|Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice (EA4338), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France. eberthonnaud@lhopitalnordouest.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0149-2951
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berthonnaud
authors.affiliation: L'Hôpital Nord Ouest Villefranche/Saône, Plateau d'Ouilly, BP 436, 69655, Villefranche/Saône cedex, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice (EA4338), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deceuninck
authors.affiliation: L'Hôpital Nord Ouest Villefranche/Saône, Plateau d'Ouilly, BP 436, 69655, Villefranche/Saône cedex, France.
authors.forename: Radwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilmi
authors.affiliation: Centre des Massues - Croix Rouge Française, 92 rue Edmond Locard, 69005, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jean Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Group of Applied Research in Orthopedic (GARO), Villefranche/Saône, France.
authors.forename: Joannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dimnet
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: 3D geometric structure of deformed spines; Biplanar radiography; Correcting braces; Patient global weight; Photogrammetry; Scoliosis; Simulating the bracing effects