title: Chemo-profiling and bioassay of phytoextracts from Ageratum conyzoides for acaricidal properties against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle and buffaloes in India.
abstract: In India, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations have developed a certain level of resistance to most of the acaricides marketed against tick species. To manage the problem, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the acaricidal potential of Ageratum conyzoides plants against acaricides-resistant ticks infesting cattle and buffaloes. The regression analysis of dose-response data of ethanolic extract of A. conyzoides revealed LC90 value of 8.91% against reference susceptible IVRI-1 line of R.(B.) microplus. The ethanolic extract was found efficacious against 76.7-90% acaricides-resistant field ticks and adversely affected oviposition showing 7.04-31.3% reduction in egg laying capacity. The extract was also showed an in vitro efficacy of 52.5 and 76.7% against reference resistant IVRI-4 and 5 lines. The GC/MS/MS profiling of hexane extract, two bioactive sub-fractions and essential oils revealed the presence of 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran (precocene II) as a major phyto-compound. The bioactive sub-fractions showed 96.2-97.5% efficacy against larvae of IVRI-1 and 77.1-94.9% against multi-acaricide resistant larvae of IVRI-5 line of R.(B.) microplus. The results of this study provided significant support for the development of a phyto-formulation based on A. conyzoides species.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
authors.forename: K G Ajith
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
authors.forename: Amol B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Tayade
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Shashi Shankar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Bhanu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: A K S
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India. Electronic address: sghoshtick@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Srikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031163:Ageratum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000469:parasitology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D007194:India; D007814:Larva; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Acaricide resistance; Ageratum conyzoides; Anti-tick activity; Chemo-profiling; GC/MS/MS; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus