title: The Cry1Ab Protein Has Minor Effects on the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities after Five Seasons of Continuous Bt Maize Cultivation.
abstract: The cultivation of genetically modified plants (GMP) has raised concerns regarding the plants' ecological safety. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the impact of five seasons of continuous Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize cultivation on the colonisation and community structure of the non-target organisms arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the maize roots, bulk soils and rhizospheric soils using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the 28S ribosomal DNA and sequencing methods. AMF colonisation was significantly higher in the two Bt maize lines that express Cry1Ab, 5422Bt1 (event Bt11) and 5422CBCL (MON810) than in the non-Bt isoline 5422. No significant differences were observed in the diversity of the AMF community between the roots, bulk soils and rhizospheric soils of the Bt and non-Bt maize cultivars. The AMF genus Glomus was dominant in most of the samples, as detected by DNA sequencing. A clustering analysis based on the DNA sequence data suggested that the sample types (i.e., the samples from the roots, bulk soils or rhizospheric soils) might have greater influence on the AMF community phylotypes than the maize cultivars. This study indicated that the Cry1Ab protein has minor effects on the AMF communities after five seasons of continuous Bt maize cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Tropic, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Huilan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Tropic, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Fengxiao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Tropic, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Tropic, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Tropic, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yuanjiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Tropic, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Jianwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044822:Biodiversity; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D012987:Soil; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis