title: Immunomodulatory potencies of isolated compounds from Crataegus azarolus through their antioxidant activities.
abstract: The search of natural immunomodulatory agents has become an area of great interest in order to reduce damage to the human body. In this study, the immunomodulatory potential of Crataegus azarolus and its isolated hyperoside on mouse lymphocytes and macrophages in vitro was assessed. The effect of C. azarolus natural compounds on splenocytes proliferation, natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activities, and on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT test. Phagocytic activity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) release by macrophages were also evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of these products was evaluated by determining their cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) in splenocytes and macrophages. Depending on the concentrations, both ethyl acetate (EA) extract and hyperoside (Hyp) from C. azarolus affect macrophage functions by modulating their lysosomal enzyme activity and nitric oxide release. Whereas, the above-mentioned products significantly promote LPS and lectin-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, implying a potential activation of lymphocytes B and T enhancing humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, EA extract and Hyp could enhance the activity of NK and T lymphocytes cells, as well as the macrophages-mediated cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity was concomitant with the cellular antioxidant effect of the tested compounds against macrophages and splenocytes. Collectively, C. azarolus and its isolated hyperoside exhibited an immunomodulatory effect through their antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that C. azarolus should be explored as a novel potential immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.|Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mustapha
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.|Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Imèn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mokdad-Bzéouich
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.|Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Aicha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.|Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Besma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abed
authors.affiliation: Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghedira
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, E.A. 1043, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie B.P. 83, 59006, Lille cedex, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hennebelle
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia. leila.chekir@laposte.net.|Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia. leila.chekir@laposte.net.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chekir-Ghedira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Cellular antioxidant activity; Crataegus azarolus; Ethyl acetate extract; Hyperoside; Immunomodulation