title: Epigenomic Landscape of Human Fetal Brain, Heart, and Liver.
abstract: The epigenetic regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for human development. Here, we present whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses of a wide variety of histone markers in the brain, heart, and liver of early human embryos shortly after their formation. We identified 40,181 active enhancers, with a large portion showing tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific patterns, pointing to their roles in controlling the ordered spatiotemporal expression of the developmental genes in early human embryos. Moreover, using sequential ChIP-seq, we showed that all three organs have hundreds to thousands of bivalent domains that are marked by both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, probably to keep the progenitor cells in these organs ready for immediate differentiation into diverse cell types during subsequent developmental processes. Our work illustrates the potentially critical roles of tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific epigenomes in regulating the spatiotemporal expression of developmental genes during early human embryonic development.
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and.
authors.forename: Hongshan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and.
authors.forename: Boqiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Yangyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Xiaoye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, the Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing 100871, and the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, jie.qiao@263.net.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: From the Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, tangfuchou@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fuchou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D037881:Aborted Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D063990:Gene Ontology; D015698:Genomic Library; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D008239:Lysine
keywords: development; epigenetics; gene regulation; genomics; high throughput screening