title: Impacts of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on L-lactic acid fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae.
abstract: Inhibitors generated in the pretreatment and hydrolysis of corn stover and corn cob were identified. In general, they inhibited cell growth, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactic acid production but with less or no adverse effect on alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol production in batch fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae. Furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) were highly toxic at 0.5-1 g L(-1), while formic and acetic acids at less than 4 g L(-1) and levulinic acid at 10 g L(-1) were not toxic. Among the phenolic compounds at 1 g L(-1), trans-cinnamic acid and syringaldehyde had the highest toxicity while syringic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids were not toxic. Although these inhibitors were present at concentrations much lower than their separately identified toxic levels, lactic acid fermentation with the hydrolysates showed much inferior performance compared to the control without inhibitor, suggesting synergistic or compounded effects of the lignocellulose-degraded compounds on inhibiting lactic acid fermentation.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China; William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: yang.15@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Shang-Tian
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
authors.forename: Shiyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C036909:lignocellulose; D019344:Lactic Acid; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D008031:Lignin; D014994:Xylose; D005662:Furaldehyde; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase; Inhibitors; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Rhizopus oryzae