title: Tracking the conversion of nitrogen during pyrolysis of antibiotic mycelial fermentation residues using XPS and TG-FTIR-MS technology.
abstract: Antibiotic mycelial fermentation residues (AMFRs), which are emerging solid pollutants, have been recognized as hazardous waste in China since 2008. Nitrogen (N), which is an environmental sensitivity element, is largely retained in AMFR samples derived from fermentation substrates. Pyrolysis is a promising technology for the treatment of solid waste. However, the outcomes of N element during the pyrolysis of AMFRs are still unknown. In this study, the conversion of N element during the pyrolysis of AMFRs was tracked using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and online TG-FTIR-MS (Thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared-Mass spectrometry) technology. In the AMFR sample, organic amine-N, pyrrolic-N, protein-N, pyridinic-N, was the main N-containing species. XPS results indicated that pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N were retained in the AMFR-derived pyrolysis char. More stable species, such as N-oxide and quaternary-N, were also produced in the char. TG-FTIR-MS results indicated that NH3 and HCN were the main gaseous species, and their contents were closely related to the contents of amine-N and protein-N, and pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N of AMFRs, respectively. Increases in heating rate enhanced the amounts of NH3 and HCN, but had less of an effect on the degradation degree of AMFRs. N-containing organic compounds, including amine-N, nitrile-N and heterocyclic-N, were discerned from the AMFR pyrolysis process. Their release range was extended with increasing of heating rate and carbon content of AMFR sample. This work will help to take appropriate measure to reduce secondary pollution from the treatment of AMFRs.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. Electronic address: zhangsc@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shicheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005285:Fermentation; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005740:Gases; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Antibiotic mycelial fermentation residue; Nitrogen conversion; Pyrolysis; TG-FTIR-MS