title: The determination of Fukushima-derived cesium-134 and cesium-137 in Japanese green tea samples and their distribution subsequent to simulated beverage preparation.
abstract: Health Canada's Radiation Protection Bureau has identified trace quantities of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in commercially available green tea products of Japanese origin. Referenced to March 11, 2011, the activity ratio ((134)Cs/(137)Cs) has been determined to be 1:1, which supports an origin from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The upper limits of typical tea beverage preparation conditions were applied to the most contaminated of these green tea samples to determine the proportion of radiocesium contamination that would be available for human consumption. The distribution of radiocesium among the components of the extraction experiments (water, residual tea solid, and filter media) was determined by both conventional and Compton-suppressed gamma spectroscopy. The latter aided tremendously in providing a more complete radiocesium distribution profile, particularly for the shorter-lived (134)Cs. Cesium extraction efficiencies of 64 ± 7% and 64 ± 5% were determined based on (134)Cs and (137)Cs, respectively. Annual, effective dose estimates from ingestion of (137)Cs and (134)Cs (1.8-3.7 μSv), arising from the consumption of tea beverages prepared from the most contaminated of these samples, are insignificant relative to both total (∼ 2.4 mSv) and ingested (∼ 0.28 mSv) annual effective doses received from naturally occurring radioactive sources. As such, there is no health concern arising from the consumption of green tea beverages contaminated with radiocesium at the levels encountered in this study.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stukel
authors.affiliation: Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.affiliation: Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. Electronic address: michael.w.cooke@hc-sc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D062406:Fukushima Nuclear Accident; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D013662:Tea
keywords: Compton-suppressed gamma spectroscopy; Dose estimate; Extraction; Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident; Green tea; Radiocesium