title: Better control with less effort: The advantage of using focused-breathing strategy over focused-distraction strategy on thought suppression.
abstract: It has been suggested that unwanted thoughts usually intrude during mind wandering due to a shortage of mental resources. However, strategies for suppressing such thoughts have never been examined from a mind wandering perspective. Here, we compare the effectiveness of two types of attention distraction strategies that either redirect users' attention to their own breathing (focused-breathing strategy, FBS) or to a mental image (focused-distraction strategy, FDS) as related to working memory capacities. Eighty-two undergraduates were randomly assigned into a FBS or FDS group. They completed a concentration task and a thought suppression task, in which mind wandering and thought intrusions were each measured. Our results support the hypothesis that mind wandering is positively correlated to thought intrusions and shows that FBS is more effective than FDS in reducing mind wandering and thought intrusions. Moreover, in contrast to FDS, the effect of FBS is independent of users' mental resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Jeng
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: ywlien@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yunn-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D064866:Mindfulness; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention distraction strategy; Focused-breathing strategy; Mind wandering; Mindfulness; Thought suppression; Working memory capacity