title: Close Encounters of the First Kind: Innate Sensors and Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Although autoimmune diseases by definition imply adaptive immune system pathologies, growing evidence points to the relevance of innate receptors in modulating the initiation and progression of the autoreactive response. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by central nervous system (CNS) demyelination, inflammation and axonal damage, in which the role of several pathogens such as herpes viruses have long been described as potential triggers. Encounters of these pathogens with altered innate receptors in susceptible individuals might drive pathological autoreactivity and inflammation, overcoming tolerance and causing subsequent CNS damage. In particular, functional and genetic studies reveal that Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and the Nod-like receptor (NLR) P3 could be involved in MS pathogenesis, whereas TLR3, the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2 and the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) MBL and MASP-3 would have a putative protective role. A better understanding of these interactions will provide important insights into the aetiopathogenesis of MS and could help design potential targets for novel therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernández-Paredes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Diseases, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rebeca Pérez
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Diego
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Andrés
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. ssramon@salud.madrid.org.|Department of Microbiology I, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain. ssramon@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ramón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016899:Interferon-beta
keywords: Dysregulation; Infectious; Innate immunity; Multiple sclerosis; Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs); Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)