title: Evaluation of a Risk Awareness Perception Training Program on Novice Teen Driver Behavior at Left-Turn Intersections.
abstract: Collisions at left turn intersections are among the most prevalent types of teen driver serious crashes, with inadequate surveillance as a key factor. Risk awareness perception training (RAPT) has shown effectiveness in improving hazard anticipation for latent hazards. The goal of this study was to determine if RAPT version 3 (RAPT-3) improved intersection turning behaviors among novice teen drivers when the hazards were not latent and frequent glancing to multiple locations at the intersection was needed. Teens aged 16-18 with ≤180 days of licensure were randomly assigned to: 1) an intervention group (n=18) that received RAPT-3 (Trained); or 2) a control group (n=19) that received no training (Untrained). Both groups completed RAPT-3 Baseline Assessment and the Trained group completed RAPT-3 Training and RAPT-3 Post Assessment. Training effects were evaluated on a driving simulator. Simulator (gap selectionerrors andcollisions) and eye tracker (traffic checkerrors) metrics from six left-turn stop sign controlled intersections in the Simulated Driving Assessment (SDA) were analyzed. The Trained group scored significantly higher in RAPT-3 Post Assessment than RAPT-3 Baseline Assessment (p< 0.0001). There were no significant differences in eithertraffic checkandgap selectionerrors orcollisionsamong Trained and Untrained teens in the SDA. Though Trained teens learned about hazard anticipation related to latent hazards, learning did not translate to performance differences in left-turn stop sign controlled intersections where the hazards were not latent. Our findings point to further research to better understand the challenges teens have with left turn intersections.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Claire Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Boulevard, 414, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217, .
authors.forename: Catherine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19104, .
authors.forename: Venk
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kandadai
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19104, .
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19104, .
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seacrist
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19104, .
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19104, .
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonfiglio
authors.affiliation: 220A Engineering Lab, University of Massachusetts, 160 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003-2210.
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19104, .
authors.forename: Flaura K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Winston
keywords: Driving simulation; hazard anticipation; hazard recognition; intersection crashes; novice teen drivers; risk awareness training