title: Air Pollution Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes in Como, Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective observational study investigates the association between maternal exposure to air pollutants and pregnancy adverse outcomes in low urbanization areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used multivariate regression analysis to estimate, in the Como province (2005-2012), the effects of NO(x), NO2, SO2, O3, CO, and PM10 on low birth weight (LBW), babies small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm birth (PTB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTB was inversely associated with high (5.5 μg/m³) exposure to SO2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.58-0.95) and to CO (1.8 mg/m³, aOR = 0.84, CI = 0.72-0.99). PTB risk increased with second trimester exposure to NO(x) (118.3 μg/m³, aOR = 1.53, CI = 1.25-1.87), while LBW risk increased with third trimester PM10 (56.1 μg/m³, aOR = 1.44, CI = 1.03-2.02). SGA was inversely associated with third trimester NO(x) (115.8 μg/m³, aOR = 0.89, CI = 0.79-0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to SO2 and CO seems to postpone delivery: a longer gestation could compensate for maternal hypoxemic-hypoxic damage.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Medical School in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Milan (Drs Capobussi, Bronzin, Gattoni, Polloni); Dipartimento PAC/S (Drs Tettamanti, Marcolin, Piovesan, Sabatino); Direzione Sanitaria, Local Health Authority, Como (Dr Tersalvi); Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan (Drs Auxilia, Castaldi); and Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (Drs Auxilia, Castaldi).
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capobussi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tettamanti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcolin
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piovesan
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bronzin
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gattoni
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polloni
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sabatino
authors.forename: Carlo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tersalvi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Auxilia
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000633:toxicity; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide