title: Adiposity, physical activity and neuromuscular performance in children.
abstract: We investigated the associations of body fat percentage (BF%), objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and different types of physical activity assessed by a questionnaire with neuromuscular performance. The participants were 404 children aged 6-8 years. BF% was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical activity by combined heart rate and movement sensing and a questionnaire. The results of 50-m shuttle run, 15-m sprint run, hand grip strength, standing long jump, sit-up, modified flamingo balance, box-and-block and sit-and-reach tests were used as measures of neuromuscular performance. Children who had a combination of higher BF% and lower levels of physical activity had the poorest performance in 50-m shuttle run, 15-m sprint run and standing long jump tests. Higher BF% was associated with slower 50-m shuttle run and 15-m sprint times, shorter distance jumped in standing long jump test, fewer sit-ups, more errors in balance test and less cubes moved in box-and-block test. Higher levels of physical activity and particularly MVPA assessed objectively by combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor were related to shorter 50-m shuttle run and 15-m sprint times. In conclusion, higher BF% and lower levels of physical activity and particularly the combination of these two factors were associated with worse neuromuscular performance.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.|b Department of Biology of Physical Activity , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland.
authors.forename: Eero A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Haapala
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.|c Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Juuso
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Väistö
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lintu
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.|d Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tompuri
authors.affiliation: e MRC Epidemiology Unit , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.
authors.forename: Soren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.affiliation: e MRC Epidemiology Unit , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westgate
authors.affiliation: e MRC Epidemiology Unit , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.|f Department of Sport Medicine , Norwegian School of Sports Science , Oslo , Norway.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Eeva-Kaarina
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lampinen
authors.affiliation: g Department of Sport Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland.
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sääkslahti
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Virpi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lindi
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.|d Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.|h Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Timo A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lakka
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009068:Movement; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance; D012420:Running; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Adiposity; DXA; children; physical activity; physical fitness