title: Beneficial effects of lycopene against haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats: Possible neurotransmitters and neuroinflammation modulation.
abstract: Tardive Dyskinesia is a severe side effect of chronic neuroleptic treatment consisting of abnormal involuntary movements, characterized by orofacial dyskinesia. The study was designed to investigate the protective effect of lycopene against haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia possibly by neurochemical and neuroinflammatory modulation in rats. Rats were administered with haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p for 21 days) to induce orofacial dyskinesia. Lycopene (5 and 10mg/kg, p.o) was given daily 1hour before haloperidol treatment for 21 days. Behavioral observations (vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, facial jerking, rotarod activity, grip strength, narrow beam walking) were assessed on 0th, 7th(,) 14th(,) 21st day after haloperidol treatment. On 22nd day, animals were killed and striatum was excised for estimation of biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, nitrite and endogenous enzyme (GSH), pro-inflammatory cytokines [Tumor necrosis factor, Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6] and neurotransmitters level (dopamine, serotonin, nor epinephrine, 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), Homovanillic acid, 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Haloperidol treatment for 21 days impaired muscle co-ordination, motor activity and grip strength with an increased in orofacial dyskinetic movements. Further free radical generation increases MDA and nitrite levels, decreasing GSH levels in striatum. Neuroinflammatory markers were significantly increased with decrease in neurotransmitters levels. Lycopene (5 and 10mg/kg, p.o) treatment along with haloperidol significantly attenuated impairment in behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical and neuroinflammatory markers. Results of the present study attributed the therapeutic potential of lycopene in the treatment (prevented or delayed) of typical antipsychotic induced orofacial dyskinesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India. Electronic address: Punnubansal79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D018737:Hand Strength; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D002338:Carotenoids; D006220:Haloperidol; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Choreiforiic; Haloperidol; Lycopene; Neuroprotective; Oral dyskinesia; Vacuous chewing movements