title: Emerging therapeutics for targeting Akt in cancer.
abstract: The ultimate goal of cancer therapeutic research is to develop effective, targeted therapeutics that exploit the vulnerabilities of cancer cells. The three isoforms of Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), are important mediators of various pathways that transmit mitogenic signals from the cell's exterior to the effector proteins of the cell's interior. Due to Akt\\\\\\\'s importance in cell functions such as growth, proliferation and cell survival, many cancer cells rely on this pathway to aid in their survival. This dependence can lead to chemoresistance and selection of more adapted populations of cancer cells. Thus, it is important to understand the functional significance of isoform specificity and its relation to chemoresistance. In this review, we have summarized recent studies on Akt isoform specific regulation as well as each isoform's role in chemoresistance, emphasizing their potential as targets for cancer therapy. We have also condensed ongoing clinical studies involving various types of Akt inhibitors while highlighting the type of study, rationale and co-therapies involved in identifying Akt isoforms as promising therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Programs in Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, and Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gdowski
authors.affiliation: Programs in Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, and Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107.
authors.forename: Marlyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panchoo
authors.affiliation: Programs in Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, and Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107.
authors.forename: Timothy Van
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Treuren
authors.affiliation: Programs in Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, and Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, Alakananda.Basu@unthsc.edu.
authors.forename: Alakananda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt