title: Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Australian Veterinarians.
abstract: This work investigated the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from veterinarians in Australia in 2009. The collection (n = 44) was subjected to extensive molecular typing (MLST, spa, SCCmec, dru, PFGE, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genotyping) and antimicrobial resistance phenotyping by disk diffusion. MRSA was isolated from Australian veterinarians representing various occupational emphases. The isolate collection was dominated by MRSA strains belonging to clonal complex (CC) 8 and multilocus sequence type (ST) 22. CC8 MRSA (ST8-IV [2B], spa t064; and ST612-IV [2B], spa variable,) were strongly associated with equine practice veterinarians (OR = 17.5, 95% CI = 3.3-92.5, P < 0.001) and were often resistant to gentamicin and rifampicin. ST22-IV [2B], spa variable, were strongly associated with companion animal practice veterinarians (OR = 52.5, 95% CI = 5.2-532.7, P < 0.001) and were resistant to ciprofloxacin. A single pig practice veterinarian carried ST398-V [5C2], spa t1451. Equine practice and companion animal practice veterinarians frequently carried multiresistant-CC8 and ST22 MRSA, respectively, whereas only a single swine specialist carried MRSA ST398. The presence of these strains in veterinarians may be associated with specific antimicrobial administration practices in each animal species.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
authors.forename: Mitchell D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.|Department of Microbiology, Path West Laboratory Medicine, WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.|New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.|Department of Microbiology, Path West Laboratory Medicine, WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giffard
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Trott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001315:Australia; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005838:Genotype; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D013552:Swine; D018634:Veterinarians
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; C487789:mecA protein, Staphylococcus aureus; D002939:Ciprofloxacin