title: Resilience Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.
abstract: To examine resilience at 3 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing observational cohort.
  
  
  
  Five inpatient rehabilitation centers, with 3-month follow-up conducted primarily by telephone.
  
  
  
  Persons with TBI (N=160) enrolled in the resilience module of the TBI Model System study with 3-month follow-up completed.
  
  
  
  Not applicable.
  
  
  
  Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.
  
  
  
  Resilience scores were lower than those of the general population. A multivariable regression model, adjusting for other predictors, showed that higher education, absence of preinjury substance abuse, and less anxiety at follow-up were significantly related to greater resilience.
  
  
  
  Analysis suggests that lack of resilience may be an issue for some individuals after moderate to severe TBI. Identifying persons most likely at risk for low resilience may be useful in planning clinical interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Electronic address: jhmarwit@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Marwitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Bergquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson-Greene
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO.
authors.forename: Gale G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Whiteneck
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dreer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D014193:Trauma Centers
keywords: Brain injuries; Rehabilitation; Resilience, psychological