title: Healing Graphene Defects Using Selective Electrochemical Deposition: Toward Flexible and Stretchable Devices.
abstract: Graphene produced by chemical-vapor-deposition inevitably has defects such as grain boundaries, pinholes, wrinkles, and cracks, which are the most significant obstacles for the realization of superior properties of pristine graphene. Despite efforts to reduce these defects during synthesis, significant damages are further induced during integration and operation of flexible and stretchable applications. Therefore, defect healing is required in order to recover the ideal properties of graphene. Here, the electrical and mechanical properties of graphene are healed on the basis of selective electrochemical deposition on graphene defects. By exploiting the high current density on the defects during the electrodeposition, metal ions such as silver and gold can be selectively reduced. The process is universally applicable to conductive and insulating substrates because graphene can serve as a conducting channel of electrons. The physically filled metal on the defects improves the electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability by means of reducing contact resistance and crack density. The healing of graphene defects is enabled by the solution-based room temperature electrodeposition process, which broadens the use of graphene as an engineering material.
authors.forename: Taeshik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dae Yool
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ick-Joon
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Yool
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Sung
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ik
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hanwha Techwin, Seongnam 13201, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Duck
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Hanwha Techwin, Seongnam 13201, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Taek-Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: defect; electrochemical deposition; flexible and stretchable electronics; graphene; healing