title: Evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of enoxacin on Babesia and Theileria parasites.
abstract: Enoxacin is a broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (fluoroquinolones) structurally related to nalidixic acid used mainly in the treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. Also it has been shown recently that it may have cancer inhibiting effect. The primary antibabesial effect of Enoxacin is due to inhibition of DNA gyrase subunit A, and DNA topoisomerase. In the present study, enoxacin was tested as a potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equine Piroplasms. The in vitro growth of five Babesia species that were tested was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by micro molar concentrations of enoxacin (IC50 values = 33.5, 15.2, 7.5 and 23.2 μM for Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, and Theileria equi, respectively). Enoxacin IC50 values for Babesia and Theileria parasites were satisfactory as the drug is potent antibacterial drug with minimum side effects. Therefore, enoxacin might be used for treatment of Babesiosis and Theileriosis especially in case of mixed infections with bacterial diseases or incase of animal sensitivity against diminazin toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, SouthValley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Science Al-Zulfi, AlMajmaah University, Alzulfi 11932, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: ma.omar@mu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mosaab A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Minoufiya, Egypt.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Minoufiya, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elsify
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Abdo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Science Al-Zulfi, AlMajmaah University, Alzulfi 11932, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Saleh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Aboody
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City 32897, Minoufiya, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: AbouLaila
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shimaa Abd El-Salam
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001403:Babesia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002417:Cattle; D015365:Enoxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D016794:Theileria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013801:Theileriasis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D015365:Enoxacin
keywords: Babesia; Enoxacin; Theileria and IC(50)