title: A Shift from Cellular to Humoral Responses Contributes to Innate Immune Memory in the Vector Snail Biomphalaria glabrata.
abstract: Discoveries made over the past ten years have provided evidence that invertebrate antiparasitic responses may be primed in a sustainable manner, leading to the failure of a secondary encounter with the same pathogen. This phenomenon called "immune priming" or "innate immune memory" was mainly phenomenological. The demonstration of this process remains to be obtained and the underlying mechanisms remain to be discovered and exhaustively tested with rigorous functional and molecular methods, to eliminate all alternative explanations. In order to achieve this ambitious aim, the present study focuses on the Lophotrochozoan snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, in which innate immune memory was recently reported. We provide herein the first evidence that a shift from a cellular immune response (encapsulation) to a humoral immune response (biomphalysin) occurs during the development of innate memory. The molecular characterisation of this process in Biomphalaria/Schistosoma system was undertaken to reconcile mechanisms with phenomena, opening the way to a better comprehension of innate immune memory in invertebrates. This prompted us to revisit the artificial dichotomy between innate and memory immunity in invertebrate systems.
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Silvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinaud
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Portela
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.|Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth Ceredigion, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fanny C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Nowacki
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Aude
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Olive
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Allienne
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galinier
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.|School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nolwenn M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Dheilly
authors.affiliation: Plate-forme d'analyses protéomiques EDyP-Service, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle UMR-S 1038 Inserm/CEA/UJF CEA, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kieffer-Jaquinod
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitta
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Théron
authors.affiliation: University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gourbal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D004199:Disease Vectors; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering