title: Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Men With Acne.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robust evidence of the association of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with acne in male patients is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in male patients 20 years or older with acne.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study in 100 male patients with acne and 100 age-matched male controls without acne from a dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care institute. Postadolescent patients were recruited only to negate the effects of physiologic insulin resistance that are seen at the time of puberty and adolescence. Twenty-five patients were included in each of the 4 individual severity groups according to the Global Acne Grading System and were age matched to 100 male controls without acne.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical examination, Global Acne Rating System, National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed as per the criteria of the modified NCEP-ATP III. Insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA-IR. A HOMA-IR value greater than 2.5 was arbitrarily considered as insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of insulin resistance was significantly higher in cases (22%) compared with controls (11%) (P = .03). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was comparable between cases (17%) and controls (9%) (P = .09). Prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly among the acne severity groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postadolescent male patients with acne more commonly have insulin resistance. This resistance may be a stage of prediabetes, and the patients may develop hyperinsulinemia or type 2 diabetes in the future. These patients should be followed up for a prolonged time to determine whether they develop conditions associated with insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Dipankar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sachdeva
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult