title: Photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms by hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether.
abstract: The worldwide increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance has led to a search for alternative antibacterial therapies. A promising approach to killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria is photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy, which uses light in combination with a photosensitizer to induce a phototoxic reaction. We evaluated the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) efficiency of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms. HMME exhibited no significant dark toxicity and provided dose-dependent inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms. After incubation with 100-μM HMME and irradiation with 72-J cm(-2) white light, 4.19-7.59 log10 reductions in survival were achieved in planktonic suspension. Antibiotic-resistant strains were as susceptible to PDI in biofilms as in planktonic suspensions, but the inactivation of bacterial cells in biofilms was attenuated. In addition, gram-positive bacterial strains and biofilms were more susceptible than gram-negative strains and biofilms to the PDI effect of HMME. Thus, HMME is a promising photosensitizer for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin'e
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China. xujiru@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China. xujiru@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006415:Hematoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008027:Light; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006415:Hematoporphyrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C494379:hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether
keywords: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Biofilms; HMME; Photodynamic inactivation