title: Interferon-mediated antiviral activities of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its active components.
abstract: Angelica tenuissima Nakai is a widely used commodity in traditional medicine. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted on the antiviral and immune-modulatory properties of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activities and the mechanism of action of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, an effective dose of Angelica tenuissima Nakai markedly inhibited the replication of Influenza A virus (PR8), Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Coxsackie virus, and Enterovirus (EV-71) on epithelial (HEK293T/HeLa) and immune (RAW264.7) cells. Such inhibition can be described by the induction of the antiviral state in cells by antiviral, IFNrelated gene induction and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated BALB/c mice displayed higher survivability and lower lung viral titers when challenged with lethal doses of highly pathogenic influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2). We also found that Angelica tenuissima Nakai can induce the secretion of IL-6, IFN-λ, and local IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated mice, which correlating with the observed prophylactic effects. In HPLC analysis, we found the presence of several compounds in the aqueous fraction and among them; we evaluated antiviral properties of ferulic acid. Therefore, an extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its components, including ferulic acid, play roles as immunomodulators and may be potential candidates for novel anti-viral/anti-influenza agents.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Prasanna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weeratunga
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.|Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Bashir
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Vitabio Corporation, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myun Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong-Hoon
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine (KM) Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Yeul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Vitabio Corporation, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hongik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea. jongsool@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D029969:Angelica; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016899:Interferon-beta; D007372:Interferons; C004999:ferulic acid
keywords: Angelica tenuissima Nakai; anti-influenza effect; antiviral effect; ferulic acid; herbal medicine