title: Nanoelectromechanical Chip (NELMEC) Combination of Nanoelectronics and Microfluidics to Diagnose Epithelial and Mesenchymal Circulating Tumor Cells from Leukocytes.
abstract: An integrated nano-electromechanical chip (NELMEC) has been developed for the label-free distinguishing of both epithelial and mesenchymal circulating tumor cells (ECTCs and MCTCs, respectively) from white blood cells (WBCs). This nanoelectronic microfluidic chip fabricated by silicon micromachining can trap large single cells (>12 µm) at the opening of the analysis microchannel arrays. The nature of the captured cells is detected using silicon nanograss (SiNG) electrodes patterned at the entrance of the channels. There is an observable difference between the membrane capacitance of the ECTCs and MCTCs and that of WBCs (measured using SiNG electrodes), which is the key indication for our diagnosis. The NELMEC chip not only solves the problem of the size overlap between CTCs and WBCs but also detects MCTCs without the need for any markers or tagging processes, which has been an important problem in previously reported CTC detection systems. The great conductivity of the gold-coated SiNG nanocontacts as well as their safe penetration into the membrane of captured cells, facilitate a precise and direct signal extraction to distinguish the type of captured cell. The results achieved from epithelial (MCF-7) and mesenchymal (MDA-MB231) breast cancer cells circulated in unprocessed blood suggest the significant applications for these diagnostic abilities of NELMEC.
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seied Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdolahad
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanganeh
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahyar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahmardeh
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gharooni
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abiri
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alikhani
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab and Thin Film and NanoElectronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shams
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohajerzadeh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mashinchian
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D004581:Electronics / Q000379:methods*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000473:pathology*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: biological materials; cancer diagnosis; cancer drugs; cells; membranes; tumors