title: Immune cell impact of three differently coated lipid nanocapsules: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol.
abstract: Lipid nanocapsules (NCs) represent promising tools in clinical practice for diagnosis and therapy applications. However, the NC appropriate functionalization is essential to guarantee high biocompatibility and molecule loading ability. In any medical application, the immune system-impact of differently functionalized NCs still remains to be fully understood. A comprehensive study on the action exerted on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and major immune subpopulations by three different NC coatings: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (PEG) is reported. After a deep particle characterization, the uptake was assessed by flow-cytometry and confocal microscopy, focusing then on apoptosis, necrosis and proliferation impact in T cells and monocytes. Cell functionality by cell diameter variations, different activation marker analysis and cytokine assays were performed. We demonstrated that the NCs impact on the immune cell response is strongly correlated to their coating. Pluronic-NCs were able to induce immunomodulation of innate immunity inducing monocyte activations. Immunomodulation was observed in monocytes and T lymphocytes treated with Chitosan-NCs. Conversely, PEG-NCs were completely inert. These findings are of particular value towards a pre-selection of specific NC coatings depending on biomedical purposes for pre-clinical investigations; i.e. the immune-specific action of particular NC coating can be excellent for immunotherapy applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farace
authors.affiliation: Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orecchioni
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sgarrella
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Yolande
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asara
authors.affiliation: Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.|Department of Applied Physics II, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peula-García
authors.affiliation: Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.|Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-Univesity of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.|Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.|National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystem (INBB), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madeddu
authors.affiliation: Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucia G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Delogu
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004912:Erythrocytes; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines; D008055:Lipids; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D048271:Chitosan