title: Fructus mume Ethanol Extract Prevents Inflammation and Normalizes the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.
abstract: Fructus mume (F. mume), the unripe fruit of Prunus mume, has long been used in Asian countries to treat cough and chronic diarrhea. We previously reported that F. mume exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a key etiological factor of vascular dementia (VaD). The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of an ethanolic extract of F. mume on the inflammatory response and cholinergic dysfunction in a model of CCH induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned to three treatment groups: sham plus vehicle, BCCAo plus vehicle, and BCCAo plus F. mume extract (200 mg/kg). F. mume was administered by oral gavage from days 21 to 42 following BCCAo. Glial cell numbers were measured in the white matter and hippocampus. The hippocampal expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, angiotensin-II (Ang-II), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) were also evaluated. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in the hippocampus and basal forebrain were examined. Rats with BCCAo showed an increase in the number of glial cells and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, Ang-II, RAGE, and MAPKs, all of which were significantly attenuated by F. mume treatment. F. mume administration also restored ChAT expression in the basal forebrain and hippocampus following chronic BCCAo. These results suggest that F. mume is a potentially valuable drug or nutraceutical for the treatment of VaD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.|2 Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.|3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Kyung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D000804:Angiotensin II; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Fructus mume; bilateral common carotid artery occlusion; choline acetyltransferase; chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; neuroinflammation