title: Cochliomycin A inhibits the larval settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite by activating the NO/cGMP pathway.
abstract: Cochliomycin A is a compound with anti-barnacle settlement activity and low toxicity, but the molecular mechanism of the compound is unknown. Here, isobaric tags for the relative or absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling proteomic method were applied to analyze changes in the proteome of Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite cyprids in response to cochliomycin A treatment. Cochliomycin A affected the cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NO/cGMP pathways, among which the NO/cGMP pathway was considered to play a key role in barnacle larval settlement, while the cytochrome P450 and the GST pathways are mainly for detoxification. The results of real-time PCR further suggested the NO/cGMP pathway was activated in response to cochliomycin A. Larval settlement assays revealed that S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMIS) and 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) rescued cyprids from cochliomycin A-induced inhibition of larval settlement. The findings supported the hypothesis that cochliomycin A inhibited barnacle larval settlement by stimulating the NO/cGMP pathway.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China.|b College of Life Science , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , PR China.|e Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.
authors.forename: Kai-Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: c Environmental Science Program, School of Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biology , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: b College of Life Science , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , PR China.|e Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: e Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.|f Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Sanya , PR China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: c Environmental Science Program, School of Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.
authors.forename: Ling-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China.
authors.forename: Chang-Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China.
authors.forename: Qing-Ai
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China.
authors.forename: Chang-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: c Environmental Science Program, School of Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.|e Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , PR China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007550:Isothiuronium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D007783:Lactones; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C559005:cochliomycin A; D007550:Isothiuronium; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C027744:S-methylisothiopseudouronium; D006152:Cyclic GMP
keywords: Cochliomycin A; antifouling; barnacle; cGMP; mechanism; nitric oxide