title: Ability of Food/Drink to Reduce the Bitterness Intensity of Topiramate as Determined by Taste Sensor Analysis.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine which foods and/or drinks are capable of reducing the bitterness of topiramate when consumed together with the medicine. The inhibitory effects of foods/drinks (yoghurt and nine other foods/drinks) on the bitterness of topiramate (5 mg/mL) were evaluated with a taste sensor using a bitterness-responsive membrane (C00). The effect of topiramate on the taste characteristics of the foods/drinks themselves was also evaluated by taste sensor outputs. The viscosities of the foods/drinks and the influence of the lactic acid and orotic acid components of yoghurt, the most successful of the tested substances in taste masking, on the bitterness of topiramate were also measured. Yoghurt was predicted to be the most effective of the foods/drinks tested in reducing the acidic bitterness-responsive sensor output of topiramate. The outputs of the astringency sensor, sourness sensor, and saltiness sensor to yoghurt were not reduced by the addition of topiramate. The viscosity and lactic acid and orotic acid components of yoghurt seemed to be the keys in reducing the bitterness of topiramate. Yoghurt is predicted to be the food/drink most capable of reducing the bitterness of topiramate without losing the taste of the food/drink itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women's University.
authors.forename: Tamami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hazekawa
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Hotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanda
authors.forename: Takema
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomoda
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D005502:Food; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000077236:Topiramate; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose