title: Pulmonary function and cardiac stress test after multimodality treatment of esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Curative treatment of esophageal cancer is accompanied by frequent and sometimes severe side effects. However, prospectively collected data on side effects are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate if pulmonary function and exercise capacity were affected in the acute setting after neoadjuvant treatment and if there were long-lasting effects after neoadjuvant treatment and surgery. We also aimed to investigate whether the addition of radiation therapy to chemotherapy would aggravate side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 97 patients enrolled in the randomized NeoRes trial was used for the present analysis. The patients had been randomized to receive 3 cycles of cisplatin and fluorouracil with or without concurrent radiation therapy to 40 Gy. A cardiac stress test on a stationary bicycle and a spirometry were performed before and after neoadjuvant treatment and 1 to 2 years later after surgery provided that the cancer had not recurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found impairment in pulmonary function measured as vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second and a decrease in exercise capacity after neoadjuvant treatment and 1 to 2 years later after surgery. We did not detect any differences between patients treated with chemoradiation therapy and those treated with chemotherapy alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multimodality treatment of esophageal cancer caused short-term and lasting impairments in pulmonary function and exercise capacity. The reductions were not aggravated by the addition of radiation therapy to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: gabriella.alexandersson-vondobeln@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: Gabriella Alexandersson
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: von Döbeln
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adell
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Gjermund
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingunn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hatlevoll
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lundell
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre of Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pehr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lind
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D000078329:Workforce