title: Near-coastal water quality at reference sites following storm events.
abstract: Stormwater is a challenging source of coastal pollution to abate because stormwater also involves complex natural processes, and differentiating these processes from anthropogenic excesses is difficult. The goal of this study was to identify the natural concentrations of stormwater constituents along the 1377 km coastline of California, USA. Twenty-eight ocean reference sites, a priori defined by lack of human disturbance in its adjacent watershed, were collected following 78 site-events and measured for 57 constituents and toxicity. Results indicated a complete lack of toxicity and undetectable levels of anthropogenic constituents (i.e., pesticides). The range of concentrations in ocean receiving waters for naturally-occurring constituents (i.e., total suspended solids, nutrients, trace metals) typically ranged three orders of magnitude. Regional differences and storm characteristics did not explain much of the variations in concentration. The reference site information is now being used to establish targets for marine protected areas subject to runoff from developed watersheds.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States. Electronic address: kens@sccwrp.org.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: ADH Environmental, Arcata, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trump
authors.affiliation: Applied Marine Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Dane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hardin
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: California; Marine protected area; Natural; Nutrients; Stormwater; Trace metals