title: Antioxidant and hepatoprotective role of gold nanoparticles against murine hepatic schistosomiasis.
abstract: In recent years, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become the focus of much attention in biomedical research, especially in the context of nanomedicine, due to their distinctive physicochemical properties. The current study was planned to assess the effect of three dose levels of AuNPs on the gene expression, histology, and oxidative stress status of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice liver. Inoculation of mice with 100 μL AuNPs at different doses (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg mice body weight) twice on day 46 and day 49 postinfection reduced the total worm burden, the egg load in the liver, and the granuloma size. AuNPs also appeared to decrease the activities of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide significantly, and increase the level of glutathione compared to the infected untreated group. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated the inflammatory response by decreasing the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These consistent molecular, histopathological, and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs could ameliorate infection-induced damage in the livers of mice. Our results indicated that AuNPs are effective anti-schistosomal and antioxidant agents. Further confirmation of the role of nanogold as an anti-schistosomal agent, as well as its mechanism of action, requires further studies to be undertaken in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dkhil
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Science & Arts, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amira A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bauomy
authors.affiliation: Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa S M
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diab
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Quraishy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020011:Protective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006046:Gold; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Schistosoma mansoni; gene expressions; histopathology; liver; mice; nanogold; oxidative stress