title: [Anti-inflammatory and synovial-opioid system effects of electroacupuncture intervention on chronic pain in arthritic rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats and its regulating effect on inflammation reaction and the endogenous opioid system of synovial tissues. Methods A total of 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an EA group, 10 rats in each one. The chronic pain model of CIA rats was made by cattle type-II collagen in the model group and EA group. Rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60) for 30 min from 16th day after model establishment, once a day for consecutive 10 days. Rats in the control group did not receive any treatment. Rats in the model group were treated with fixation as the EA group. Threshold of pain, arthritis index, paw swelling were measured before model establishment and 16 d, 20 d, 23 d and 25 d after model establishment. The levels of beta-endorphin (β-END), met-enkephalin (met-ENK), dynorphin A (Dyn A) were measured by radioimmunoassay; the mRNA expressions of mu opioid receptor (MOR), kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and delta opioid receptor (DOR) in synovial tissues of CIA rats were detected by I quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, threshold of pain was reduced (all P<0. 01), arthritis index was increased (all P<0. 01) and paw swelling was increased (all P<0. 01) in the model group on the 16th day, 20th day, 23rd day, 25th day after model establishment. Compared with the model group, the threshold of pain was increased in the EA group (all P<0. 01), arthritis index and paw swelling were reduced (all P<0. 01) on the 23rd day and 25th day after model establishment. Compared with the control group, the level of Dyn A in synovial tissues of CIA rats was increased in the model group (P<0. 01); the mRNA expressions of MOR, KOR and DOR were down-regulated lower than 0. 5 fold of normal level. Compared with the model group, the level of β-END in synovial tissues of the knee joint was increased in the EA group (P<0. 05), and the mRNA expressions of MOR, KOR and DOR in synovial tissues of CIA rats were up-regulated more than 2 folds of normal level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention of EA on chronic pain of CIA rats is superior, which is likely to be related with effects of EA on anti-inflammation and up-regulation of synovial tissue β-END and MOR, KOR, DOR.
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiaofen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yafang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jianqiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia; D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D002417:Cattle; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D004399:Dynorphins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D004399:Dynorphins