title: Development of a complementary PET/MR dual-modal imaging probe for targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA).
abstract: We tried to develop a dual-modal PET/MR imaging probe using a straightforward one-pot method by encapsulation with specific amphiphiles. In this study, iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles were encapsulated with three amphiphiles containing PEG, DOTA and the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand in aqueous medium. The diameter of the prepared nanoparticle DOTA-IO-GUL was 11.01±1.54nm. DOTA-IO-GUL was labeled with (68)Ga in high efficiency. The DOTA-IO-GUL showed a dose-dependent binding to LNCaP (PSMA positive) cells via a competitive binding study against (125)I-labeled MIP-1072 (PSMA-targeting agent). Additionally, PET and MR imaging results showed PSMA selective uptake by only 22Rv1 (PSMA positive) but not PC-3 (PSMA negative) in dual-tumor xenograft mouse model study. MR imaging showed high resolution, and PET imaging enabled quantification and confirmation of the specificity. In conclusion, we have successfully developed the specific PSMA-targeting IO nanoparticle, DOTA-IO-GUL, as a dual-modality probe for complementary PET/MR imaging.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The combination of using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) in clinical practice is now the norm. With advances in technology, the next step would be to develop combined PET and Magnetic Resonance (MR) dual-imaging. In this article, the authors described their positive study on the development of a dual-modal PET/MR imaging probe using a prostate cancer model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Yeun
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mee Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: June-Key
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: jmjng@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008024:Ligands; C000499:ferric oxide; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II
keywords: Encapsulation; GUL; Gallium-68; Multi-modal; Prostate cancer