title: Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D expression in H1299 lung cancer cells following benzo[a]pyrene exposure as well as in head and neck cancer patients.
abstract: DNA repair genes play critical roles in response to carcinogen-induced and anticancer therapy-induced DNA damage. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the effects of BaP on DNA repair activity and expression of DNA repair genes in vitro and (2) examine the role of xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D (XPD) mRNA expression in human head and neck cancers. Host cell reactivation assay showed that BaP inhibited nucleotide excision repair in H1299 lung cancer cells. DNA repair through the non-homologous end-joining pathway was not affected by BaP. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot demonstrated that XPD was downregulated by BaP treatment. BaP exposure did not apparently affect expression of another 11 DNA repair genes. BaP treatment increased the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX and ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity, supporting an impairment of DNA repair in BaP-treated cells. XPD expression was also examined by quantitative RT-PCR in 68 head and neck cancers, and a lower XPD mRNA level was found in smokers' cancer specimens. Importantly, reduced XPD expression was correlated with patient 5-year overall survival rate (35 vs. 56%) and was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 2.27). Data demonstrated that XPD downregulation was correlated with BaP exposure and human head and neck cancer survival.
authors.affiliation: a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.|b Department of Biological Sciences , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Shen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Yen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: c Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine , College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.|d Department of Otolaryngology , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ka-Wo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Fen
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: e Department of Bioscience Technology , College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University , Tainan , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jau-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004260:DNA Repair; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014983:Xeroderma Pigmentosum / Q000378:metabolism*; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein