title: Bioanalytical advances in assays for C-reactive protein.
abstract: This review presents advances in assays for human C-reactive protein (CRP), the most important biomarker of infection and inflammation for a plethora of diseases and pathophysiological conditions. Routine assays in clinical settings are based on analyzers, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and lateral flow assays. However, assays encompassing novel sensing schemes, improved chemistry, signal enhancement, lab-on-a-chip, microfluidics and smartphone detection, have emerged in recent years. The incorporation of immune-transducing chips or sensing interfaces with nanomaterials enables multiplexing analysis of CRP with co-existing biomarkers. However, there are still considerable challenges in the development of rapid diagnostics for both pentameric and monomeric CRP forms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: sandeep.vashist@tum.de.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Vashist
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, U.S.A.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Sektion Experimentelle Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marion Schneider
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beaudoin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Luppa
authors.affiliation: Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Department of Chemistry and Analytical, Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: j.luong@ucc.ie.
authors.forename: John H T
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Luong
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Assays; Bioanalytical advances; Biosensors; C-reactive protein; Diagnostics