title: Outer ear canal sound pressure and bone vibration measurement in SSD and CHL patients using a transcutaneous bone conduction instrument.
abstract: The intraoperative and postoperative objective functional assessment of transcutaneous bone conduction implants is still a challenge. Here we compared intraoperative Laser-Doppler-vibrometry (LDV, Polytec Inc.) to measure vibration of the bone close to the implant to Outer Ear Canal Sound Pressure Level (OEC-SPL) measurements. Twelve single sided deafness (SSD) patients with contralateral intact ossicular chains and eight bilateral conductive hearing loss (CHL) patients were included in the study. SSD patients had a minor average air-bone-gap (ABG) of 0.4 ± 0.4 dB (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz mean value (MV) ± standard deviation (SD)) on the contralateral side where a normal transmission between cochlea and the tympanic membrane can be assumed. CHL patients had an impaired middle ear transmission with a mean ABG of 46.0 ± 7.9 dB (MV±SD). Vibration and OEC-SPL responses could reliably be recorded with a minimal signal-to-noise ratio of at least 12 dB. Average OEC-SPL on the contralateral side and intraoperative vibration measurements were strongly correlated in SSD (r2= 0.75) and CHL (r2= 0.86) patients. The correlation in individual results between OEC-SPL and vibration measurements was weak, indicating some underlying inter-individual variability. The high correlation of average responses showed that OEC-SPL are closely linked to bone vibration, although both cannot be equivalently used for intraoperative testing due to the high variability in individual results. On the other hand, OEC-SPL provides an easy and affordable measurement tool to monitor stability and functionality postoperatively using individual reference measurements. We observed no significant differences (t-test, p < 0.05) by comparing results from contralateral OEC-SPL in twelve SSD and eight CHL patients at frequencies between 0.5 and 8 kHz. This implies that the part of the measured sound pressure in the ear canal originating from the cochlea and emitted by the tympanic is not dominant and OEC-SPL is mainly due to vibration of the external ear-canal walls as the only other pathway of BC sound to reach the ear canal. In addition, the transcranial attenuation (contralateral outer ear canal sound pressure divided by ipsilateral) was compared to previous studies measuring vibration by LDV and accelerometer. The trend in the average transcranial attenuation in patients was similar to previous studies measuring the OEC-SPL with less than 5 dB difference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Institute of Audioneurotechnology (VIANNA), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghoncheh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Institute of Audioneurotechnology (VIANNA), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Institute of Audioneurotechnology (VIANNA), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Institute of Audioneurotechnology (VIANNA), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Germany. Electronic address: Maier.Hannes@MH-Hannover.de.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000502:physiology*; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000502:physiology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D046088:Hearing Loss, Unilateral / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013016:Sound; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bone conducting implant; Bonebridge; Integrity test; Intraoperative measurement; Transcranial attenuation; Transcutaneous