title: Direct in situ observation of ZnO nucleation and growth via transmission X-ray microscopy.
abstract: The nucleation and growth of a nanostructure controls its size and morphology, and ultimately its functional properties. Hence it is crucial to investigate growth mechanisms under relevant growth conditions at the nanometer length scale. Here we image the nucleation and growth of electrodeposited ZnO nanostructures in situ, using a transmission X-ray microscope and specially designed electrochemical cell. We show that this imaging technique leads to new insights into the nucleation and growth mechanisms in electrodeposited ZnO including direct, in situ observations of instantaneous versus delayed nucleation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.p.ryan@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S E R
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.p.ryan@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.affiliation: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson Weker
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.p.ryan@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.p.ryan@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.p.ryan@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.p.ryan@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Toney