title: Serial elongation-derotation-flexion casting for children with early-onset scoliosis.
abstract: Various early-onset spinal deformities, particularly infantile and juvenile scoliosis (JS), still pose challenges to pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The ideal treatment of these deformities has yet to emerge, as both clinicians and surgeons still face multiple challenges including preservation of thoracic motion, spine and cage, and protection of cardiac and lung growth and function. Elongation-derotation-flexion (EDF) casting is a technique that uses a custom-made thoracolumbar cast based on a three-dimensional correction concept. EDF can control progression of the deformity and - in some cases-coax the initially-curved spine to grow straighter by acting simultaneously in the frontal, sagittal and coronal planes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of how infantile and JS can affect normal spine and thorax and how serial EDF casting can be used to manage these spinal deformities. A fresh review of the literature helps fully understand the principles of the serial EDF casting technique and the effectiveness of conservative treatment in patients with early-onset spinal deformities, particularly infantile and juvenile scolisois.
authors.affiliation: Federico Canavese, Antoine Samba, Alain Dimeglio, Mounira Mansour, Marie Rousset, Pediatric Surgery Department, "Estaing" University Hospital, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canavese
authors.affiliation: Federico Canavese, Antoine Samba, Alain Dimeglio, Mounira Mansour, Marie Rousset, Pediatric Surgery Department, "Estaing" University Hospital, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samba
authors.affiliation: Federico Canavese, Antoine Samba, Alain Dimeglio, Mounira Mansour, Marie Rousset, Pediatric Surgery Department, "Estaing" University Hospital, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimeglio
authors.affiliation: Federico Canavese, Antoine Samba, Alain Dimeglio, Mounira Mansour, Marie Rousset, Pediatric Surgery Department, "Estaing" University Hospital, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.affiliation: Federico Canavese, Antoine Samba, Alain Dimeglio, Mounira Mansour, Marie Rousset, Pediatric Surgery Department, "Estaing" University Hospital, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rousset
keywords: Conservative; Early-onset scoliosis; Elongation-derotation-flexion casting; Infantile scoliosis; Juvenile scoliosis