title: Dietary l-carnitine prevents histopathological changes in tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) exposed to cylindrospermopsin.
abstract: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxin highly water-soluble, which is easily taken up by several aquatic organisms. CYN acts as a potent protein and glutathione synthesis inhibitor, as well as inducing genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations. This is the first study reporting the protective effect of a l-carnitine (LC) pretreatment (400 or 880 mg LC/kg bw fish/day, for 21 days) on the histopathological alterations induced by pure CYN or Aphanizomenon ovalisporum lyophilized cells (400 µg CYN/kg bw fish) in liver, kidney, heart, intestines, and gills of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) acutely exposed to the toxin by oral route. The main histopathological changes induced by CYN were disorganized parenchyma with presence of glycogen and lipids in the cytoplasm (liver), glomerulonephritis, glomerular atrophy, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule (kidney), myofibrolysis, loss of myofibrils, with edema and hemorrhage (heart), intestinal villi with necrotic enterocytes and partial loss of microvilli (gastrointestinal tract), and hyperemia and hemorrhage (gills). LC pretreatment was able to totally prevent those CYN-induced alterations from 400 mg LC/kg bw fish/day in almost all organs, except in the heart, where 880 mg LC/kg bw fish/day were needed. In addition, the morphometric study indicated that LC managed to recover totally the affectation in the cross sections of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules in CYN-exposed fish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 241-254, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: Remedios
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Guillén
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Prieto Ortega
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Córdoba. Campus De Rabanales Carretera Madrid-Cádiz S/N, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moyano
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Anatomy, University of Córdoba, Campus De Rabanales Carretera Madrid-Cádiz S/N, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Porto, 4050-123, Portugal.|Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, 4169-007, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cameán
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D046890:Aphanizomenon / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023681:Cichlids / Q000378:metabolism; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004032:Diet; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D020011:Protective Agents; D014873:Water Pollutants; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: aphanizomenon ovalisporum; cylindrospermopsin; histopathology; l-carnitine; tilapia