title: Kinetics of Genetic Variation of the Mycoplasma genitalium MG192 Gene in Experimentally Infected Chimpanzees.
abstract: Mycoplasma genitalium, a human pathogen associated with sexually transmitted diseases, is capable of causing chronic infections, though mechanisms for persistence remain unclear. Previous studies have found that variation of the MgPa operon occurs by recombination of repetitive chromosomal sequences (known as MgPars) into the MG191 and MG192 genes carried on this operon, which may lead to antigenic variation and immune evasion. In this study, we determined the kinetics of MG192 sequence variation during the course of experimental infection using archived specimens from two chimpanzees infected with M. genitalium strain G37. The highly variable region of MG192 was amplified by PCR from M. genitalium isolates obtained at various time points postinfection (p.i.). Sequence analysis revealed that MG192 sequence variation began at 5 weeks p.i. With the progression of infection, sequence changes accumulated throughout the MG192 variable region. The presence of MG192 variants at specific time points was confirmed by variant-specific PCR assays and sequence analysis of single-colony cloned M. genitalium organisms. MG192 nucleotide sequence variation correlated with estimated recombination events, predicted amino acid changes, and time of seroconversion, a finding consistent with immune selection of MG192 variants. In addition, we provided evidence that MG192 sequence variation occurred during the process of M. genitalium single-colony cloning. Such spontaneous variation suggests that some MG192 variation is independent of immune selection but may form the basis for subsequent immune selection.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA liang.ma@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Infection Control, STI R&D, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørgen S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Leann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002679:Pan troglodytes