title: BmATG5 and BmATG6 mediate apoptosis following autophagy induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone or starvation.
abstract: Autophagy and apoptosis, which could be induced by common stimuli, play crucial roles in development and disease. The functional relationship between autophagy and apoptosis is complex, due to the dual effects of autophagy. In the Bombyx Bm-12 cells, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment or starvation-induced cell death, with autophagy preceding apoptosis. In response to 20E or starvation, BmATG8 was rapidly cleaved and conjugated with PE to form BmATG8-PE; subsequently, BmATG5 and BmATG6 were cleaved into BmATG5-tN and BmATG6-C, respectively. Reduction of expression of BmAtg5 or BmAtg6 by RNAi decreased the proportion of cells undergoing both autophagy and apoptosis after 20E treatment or starvation. Overexpression of BmAtg5 or BmAtg6 induced autophagy but not apoptosis in the absence of the stimuli, but promoted both autophagy and apoptosis induced by 20E or starvation. Notably, overexpression of cleavage site-deleted BmAtg5 or BmAtg6 increased autophagy but not apoptosis induced by 20E or starvation, whereas overexpression of BmAtg5-tN and BmAtg6-C was able to directly trigger apoptosis or promote the induced apoptosis. In conclusion, being cleaved into BmATG5-tN and BmATG6-C, BmATG5 and BmATG6 mediate apoptosis following autophagy induced by 20E or starvation in Bombyx Bm-12 cells, reflecting that autophagy precedes apoptosis in the midgut during Bombyx metamorphosis.
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.|b Key Laboratory of Crops with High Quality and Efficient Cultivation and Security Control, Yunnan Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Science and Technology, HongHe University , Mengzi , Yunnan , China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.|c Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.|c Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: d The Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Qingrong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: e State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Qingyou
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Yangjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: c Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Wanying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D012831:Bombyx / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004441:Ecdysterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013217:Starvation / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D004441:Ecdysterone
keywords: 20-hydroxyecdysone; BmATG5; BmATG5-tN; BmATG6; BmATG6-C; BmATG8; BmATG8–PE; apoptosis; autophagy; starvation