title: Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates.
abstract: A novel and facile method was developed to produce hybrid graphene oxide (GO)-polyelectrolyte (PE) capsules using erythrocyte cells as templates. The capsules are easily produced through the layer-by-layer technique using alternating polyelectrolyte layers and GO sheets. The amount of GO and therefore its coverage in the resulting capsules can be tuned by adjusting the concentration of the GO dispersion during the assembly. The capsules retain the approximate shape and size of the erythrocyte template after the latter is totally removed by oxidation with NaOCl in water. The PE/GO capsules maintain their integrity and can be placed or located on other surfaces such as in a device. When the capsules are dried in air, they collapse to form a film that is approximately twice the thickness of the capsule membrane. AFM images in the present study suggest a film thickness of approx. 30 nm for the capsules in the collapsed state implying a thickness of approx. 15 nm for the layers in the collapsed capsule membrane. The polyelectrolytes used in the present study were polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and polystyrenesulfonate sodium salt (PSS). Capsules where characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Raman microscopy, the constituent layers by zeta potential and GO by TEM, XRD, and Raman and FTIR spectroscopies.
authors.affiliation: Soft Matter Nanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Joseba
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
authors.affiliation: Soft Matter Nanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Politakos
authors.affiliation: Soft Matter Nanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Eleftheria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diamanti
authors.affiliation: Soft Matter Nanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Soft Matter Nanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marradi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No.140 C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ledezma
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No.140 C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
authors.forename: Layza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arizmendi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No.140 C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
authors.forename: J Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No.140 C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ziolo
authors.affiliation: Soft Matter Nanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moya
keywords: capsules; erythrocytes; graphene; layer by layer; polyelectrolyte membranes