title: The effects of dried root aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its major ingredient in acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a popular and classic herb in traditional Chineses medicines. The objective is to confirm the effects of aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza (ESM) and its main ingredient on the promotion of orthodontic tooth movement and healing of periodontal ligament in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n= 150) were divided into five groups: model control group (0.5 ml/kg phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection), ESM group (0.75 g/kg/day of crude drugs) and Danshensu subgroups (250, 500, 750 mg/kg/day of body weight). All rats were administered intramuscularly into the buccal vestibular mucosa of first molar of left maxillary. The indicators such as the moving distance of orthodontic tooth, nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression and osteoclasts were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expressions of RANKL and OPG in the treatment groups were obviously enhanced compared with control group (P<0.05). The increase rate of OPG expression was slower than that of RANKL. But, RANKL decreased conspicuously after no orthodontic pressure was applied, especially in the treatment groups (Danshengsu high dose group at day 30: 2.17 versus 3.47 of control, P<0.01). ESM groups promoted osteoclasts proliferation in the first 20 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a relationship between RANKL/OPG ratio and the number of osteoclasts. ESM might accelerate periodontal alteration of rat orthodontic tooth via producing more osteoclasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Huan
keywords: Danshensu; Movement distance; Osteoclasts; Osteoprotegerin; Receptor activator for; nuclear factor κB ligand