title: Stigma in Male Depression and Suicide: A Canadian Sex Comparison Study.
abstract: Stigma in men's depression and suicide can restrict help-seeking, reduce treatment compliance and deter individuals from confiding in friends and family. In this article we report sex comparison findings from a national survey of English-speaking adult Canadians about stigmatized beliefs concerning male depression and suicide. Among respondents without direct experience of depression or suicide (n = 541) more than a third endorsed the view that men with depression are unpredictable. Overall, a greater proportion of males endorsed stigmatizing views about male depression compared to female respondents. A greater proportion of female respondents endorsed items indicating that men who suicide are disconnected, lost and lonely. Male and female respondents with direct personal experience of depression or suicide (n = 360) strongly endorsed stigmatizing attitudes toward themselves and a greater proportion of male respondents indicated that they would be embarrassed about seeking help for depression.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 109 - 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. john.oliffe@nursing.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oliffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, #420, 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ogrodniczuk
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Creighton
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Intensions Consulting Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, P516 Duff Roblin Bldg, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012752:Shame; D057545:Social Stigma; D013240:Stereotyping; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Men’s depression; Men’s suicide; Self-stigma; Stigma