title: Age-effects in white matter using associated diffusion tensor imaging and magnetization transfer ratio during late childhood and early adolescence.
abstract: In the last decade, several studies have described the typical brain white matter maturation in children and adolescents. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the most frequent MRI technique used to investigate the structural changes across development. However, few previous studies have used the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), which gives a closer measure of myelin content. Here, we employed both techniques for the same sample of 176 typically developing children from 7 to 14years of age. We investigated the associations between DTI parameters and MTR measure, to assess the myelination in the brain in development. Secondly, we investigated age-effects on DTI parameters (fractional anisotropy, axial, radial and mean diffusivities) and MTR. No significant correlations between MTR and DTI parameters were observed. In addition, a significant age-effect was detected for DTI data but was not visible for MTR data. Thereby, changes in white matter at this age might be primarily correlated with microstructural changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College, London, UK. Electronic address: lummoura@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luciana Monteiro
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kempton
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salum
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ary
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gadelha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Mario
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, LIM-44, Institute and Department of Radiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoexter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Gomes
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Del Aquilla
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Almeida
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Picon
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anés
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, LIM-44, Institute and Department of Radiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Concepcion Garcia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Otaduy
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, LIM-44, Institute and Department of Radiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Augusto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Affonseca
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Ricardo
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Parolin
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jackowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000375:Aging; D016880:Anisotropy; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000737:chemistry; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Adolescence; Childhood; Diffusion tensor imaging; Magnetization transfer ratio; Normal brain development