title: Extraction of facial features as indicators of stress and anxiety.
abstract: Stress and anxiety heavily affect the human wellbeing and health. Under chronic stress, the human body and mind suffers by constantly mobilizing all of its resources for defense. Such a stress response can also be caused by anxiety. Moreover, excessive worrying and high anxiety can lead to depression and even suicidal thoughts. The typical tools for assessing these psycho-somatic states are questionnaires, but due to their shortcomings, by being subjective and prone to bias, new more robust methods based on facial expression analysis have emerged. Going beyond the typical detection of 6 basic emotions, this study aims to elaborate a set of facial features for the detection of stress and/or anxiety. It employs multiple methods that target each facial region individually. The features are selected and the classification performance is measured based on a dataset consisting 23 subjects. The results showed that with feature sets of 9 and 10 features an overall accuracy of 73% is reached.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pediaditis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannakakis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarugi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manousos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pampouchidou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Christinaki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iatraki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kazantzaki
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Simos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsiknakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires