title: A Systematic Review of Recall Regimen and Maintenance Regimen of Patients with Dental Restorations. Part 1: Tooth-Borne Restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the current scientific evidence on patient recall and maintenance of dental restorations on natural teeth, standardize patient care regimens, and improve maintenance of oral health. An additional purpose was to examine areas of deficiency in the current scientific literature and provide recommendations for future studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic search for articles in the English language literature from the past 15 years was performed independently by multiple investigators using a systematic search process. After application of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final list of articles was reviewed in depth to meet the objectives of this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial electronic search resulted in 2161 titles. The systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 12 articles that met the objectives of the study. An additional 4 articles were added through a supplemental search process for a total of 16 studies. Out of these, 9 were randomized controlled clinical trials and 7 were observational studies. The majority of the studies (14 out of 16) were conducted in the past 5 years, and most of the studies were conducted in Europe (10). Results from the qualitative data, on a combined 3569 patients, indicated that outcome improvements in recall and maintenance regimen were related to (1) patient/treatment characteristics (adherence to recall appointments, type of restoration and type of restorative material); (2) agent (chlorhexidine, fluoride, triclosan); and (3) professional interventions (repeated oral hygiene instruction, regular oral hygiene intervention).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is minimal evidence related to recall regimens in patients with removable and fixed tooth-borne restorations; however, there is considerable evidence indicating that patients with tooth-borne removable and fixed restorations require lifelong dental professional maintenance to provide repeated oral hygiene instruction and regular oral hygiene intervention customized to each patient's treatment. Current evidence also indicates that use of specific oral topical agents like chlorhexidine, fluoride, and triclosan can aid in reducing risk for gingival inflammation, dental caries, and candidiasis. Therefore, these agents may aid in improvement of professional and at-home maintenance of various tooth-borne dental restorations. Furthermore, due to the heterogeneity of patient populations, restorations, and treatment needs, the evidence compels forethought of creating clinical practice guidelines for recall and maintenance of patients with tooth-borne dental restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
authors.forename: Avinash S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bidra
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Daubert
authors.affiliation: Office of the Dean, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA.
authors.forename: Lily T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: L.M. Stowe Library, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
authors.forename: Marissa F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kosinski
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Conrad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nenn
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Franklin, WI.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Private Practice Hygienist, Regeneration Research, Missoula, MT.
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wingrove
authors.affiliation: Executive Director, American College of Prosthodontists and ACP Education Foundation, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Nancy Deal
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D003729:Dental Care; D003731:Dental Caries; D015921:Dental Implants; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Patient recall; maintenance; restorations; tooth-borne