title: Comparative assessment of humoral immune responses of aluminum hydroxide and oil-emulsion adjuvants in Influenza (H9N2) and Newcastle inactive vaccines to chickens.
abstract: Context Adjuvants are compounds used in the preparation of inactive vaccines to enhance the immune response. Aluminum hydroxide (alum) is one of the first compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which is used as adjuvants in vaccine products for humans. Montanide ISA 70 is an oil-emulsion adjuvant and is used in poultry inactive vaccines. Objective In this study, the effects of alum adjuvant on the efficiency and induction of immune response in inactive vaccines of Influenza and Newcastle are compared with those of ISA 70. Materials and methods Six groups of 7-d-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated with 0.3 ml of the prepared vaccines via the subcutaneous route in the neck. Immune response in each group after 7, 14, 21, 31, 41, and 45 d was evaluated using the technique of hemagglutination inhibition. Results The results were compared using SPSS software. Results showed that vaccines containing adjuvant ISA 70 depicted a higher increase in the immune response and adjuvant of 20% alum is similar to adjuvant of ISA 70 in boosting the immune system. There was no statistically significant difference between 10% and 20% alum, but these adjuvants are visibly different from ISA 70. Conclusion In conclusion, alum can be used as an easily accessible, harmless, and effective adjuvant; however, to increase the immune period using the inactive vaccines for poultry, more research would be necessary.
authors.affiliation: a Microbiology Department, Faculty of Advanced Science & Technology Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: b Research and Development Viral Vaccine Department , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute , Karaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moghaddam Pour
authors.affiliation: b Research and Development Viral Vaccine Department , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute , Karaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghizadeh
authors.affiliation: c Research and Development of Poultry Infection Bronchitis Department , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute , Karaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masoudi
authors.affiliation: a Microbiology Department, Faculty of Advanced Science & Technology Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bayat
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004655:Emulsions; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects*; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004655:Emulsions; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D009829:Oleic Acids; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide
keywords: Adjuvant; aluminum hydroxide; humoral immune responses; influenza (H9N2) and Newcastle vaccines; montanide ISA70