title: Colloidal carriers for extended absorption window of furosemide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the potential of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and niosomes as carriers for widening the gastrointestinal absorption window of furosemide (model acidic drug).
  
  
  METHODS
  The drug was incorporated in SMEDDS and was encapsulated into niosomes. The intestinal absorption was monitored at two anatomical sites (duodenum and jejuno-ileum). This employed in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perfusion of drug solution (control) revealed poor intestinal permeability with per cent fraction absorbed (%Fa) from the duodenum and jejuno-ileum being 1.3 and 0.6 % per cm, respectively. Formulation of furosemide as SMEDDS increased the %Fa from the duodenum and jejuno-ileum to reach 1.7 and 1 % per cm, respectively. Niosomal encapsulation increased the %Fa from duodenum and jejuno-ileum to record 1.9 and 1.2 % per cm, respectively. The increase in the %Fa was also revealed as a reduction in the length required for 95 % absorption of the drug which was reduced from 557.2 to 245.8 cm and to 279.8 cm after delivery as niosomes or SMEDDS, respectively, in case of jejuno-ileum. The same trend was recorded with the duodenum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recorded results highlighted the potential for SMEDDS and niosomes for widening the absorption window of acidic drugs after oral administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sanaa A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: El-Gizawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gamal M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: El Maghraby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005665:Furosemide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D010539:Permeability; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D008081:Liposomes; D005665:Furosemide
keywords: furosemide; niosomes; peceol; self-microemulsifying