title: Longitudinal and Incremental Relation of Cybervictimization to Negative Self-Cognitions and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adolescents.
abstract: Adolescents are among the most frequent users of social media websites, raising concern about the dangers of cyber bullying or cybervictimization (CV). A 12-month longitudinal study examined the unique, prospective relation of CV to the development of negative self-cognitions and depressive symptoms in a community sample of 827 children and young adolescents (ages 8-13; 55.1 % female) from the southeastern United States. Over and above conventional types of peer victimization, CV significantly predicted changes in self-referential negative cognitions, victimization-related cognitive reactions, and depressive symptoms, even after controlling for baseline levels of the dependent variables. Results also showed that CV was significantly less stable than other forms of victimization and tended to increase slightly with time. The study highlights the unique effects of CV and has implications for research and practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA. david.cole@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zelkowitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nick
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
authors.forename: Nina C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Roeder
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
authors.forename: Keneisha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sinclair-McBride
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
authors.forename: Tawny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spinelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D061108:Social Media
keywords: Cyberbullying; Depression; Internet; Peer victimization; Self-esteem