title: Thermally reduced graphene is a permissive material for neurons and astrocytes and de novo neurogenesis in the adult olfactory bulb in vivo.
abstract: Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are being investigated as potential substrates for the growth of neural stem cells (NSCs), neurons and glia in cell culture models. In contrast, reports testing the effects of graphene directly with adult neural cells in vivo are missing. Here we studied the biocompatibility of thermally reduced graphene (TRG) with neurons and glia, as well as with the generation of new neurons in the adult brain in vivo. TRG injected in the brain together with a retroviral vector expressing GFP to label dividing progenitor cells in the core of the adult olfactory bulb (OB) did not alter de novo neurogenesis, neuronal and astrocyte survival nor did it produce a microglial response. These findings indicate that TRG may be a biocompatible material with neuronal and glial cells in vivo and support its use in studies of brain repair and function.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Çağla
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Defteralı
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verdejo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peponi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Albacete Science and Technology Park (PCyTA), Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Murillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: López-Manchado
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: cvicario@cajal.csic.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vicario-Abejón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Astrocytes; Biocompatibility; Brain; Graphene; Neurogenesis; Neurons