title: Protective effects of the antihistamine promethazine aginst acute paraxon-methyl and dicrotophos toxicity in adult rats.
abstract: Organophosphorus compound poisoning (OPC) is a global issue. The problem is aggravated with the threats of terrorist use, unintentional use and irresponsible practice as happened recently in turmoil countries. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the old-generation antihistamine promethazine (PROM), a drug with multi pharmacological actions, as an antidote to extremely and highly toxic (WHO's class IA and IB) OPC poisoning in experimental animal models conducted on adult male wistar rats. Experimental groups were treated intraperitoneal (i.p.) with LD70 of methyl paraoxon (MPOX), class IA and dicrotophos (DCP), class IB alone and a combination of simultaneously i.p. injection of PROM. Mortality was recorded at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48 hours post injections. RBC-AChE was measured in survivals. MPOX was chosen for further studies with atropine (ATR) and pralidoxime (PAM). In addition to Kaplan-Meir survival analysis, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK) from serum were measured in all experimental groups with MPOX. The results revealed significant protection by PROM in both MPOX and DCP intoxicated rats, though the inhibition of RBC-AChE was high. The observed results show that groups treated with a combination of MPOX and PROM or MPOX, PROM, and PAM were protected higher than those treated with MPOX and ATR or MPOX, ATR, and PAM though statistically not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). No effect was observed on the activity of LDH and CK. The study concludes that PROM may be effectively used in OPC poisoning. However, risk/benefits trials and further studies with different doses and other OPC groups are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
authors.forename: Syed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nurulain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
authors.forename: Shreesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafiullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
authors.forename: Bassem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sadek
keywords: Promethazine; antihistamine; atropine; dicrotophos; organophosphorus poisoning; paraoxon; pralidoxime