title: Selective responses of human gingival fibroblasts and bacteria on carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone with multilevel nanostructured TiO2.
abstract: The long-term success of dental implants relies not only on stable osseointegration but also on the integration of implant surfaces with surrounding soft tissues. In our previous work, titanium plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique was applied to modify the carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) surface, constructing a unique multilevel TiO2 nanostructure thus enhancing certain osteogenic properties. However, the interactions between the modified surface and soft-tissue cells are still not clear. Here, we fully investigate the biological behaviors of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and oral pathogens on the structured surface, which determine the early peri-implant soft tissue integration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the formation of nanopores with TiO2 nanoparticles embedded on both the sidewall and bottom. In vitro studies including cell adhesion, viability assay, wound healing assay, real-time PCR, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) disclose improved adhesion, migration, proliferation, and collagen secretion ability of HGFs on the modified CFRPEEK. Moreover, the structured surface exhibits sustainable antibacterial properties towards Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Our results reveal that the multilevel TiO2 nanostructures can selectively enhance soft tissue integration and inhibit bacterial reproduction, which will further support and broaden the adoption of CFRPEEK materials in dental fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Lianyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Deliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Qianju
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Shuxian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. Electronic address: xyliu@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: xinquanj@aliyun.cn.
authors.forename: Xinquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001577:Benzophenones; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001577:Benzophenones; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002244:Carbon; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone; Focal adhesion; Nanopores; Peri-implant soft tissue