title: Preoperative celecoxib in noncardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative pain continues to be undertreated after noncardiac surgery. Preoperative analgesic administration may enhance postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of preoperative administration of celecoxib in noncardiac surgery on pain and postoperative outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINHAL Web of Sciences and ProQuest databases were searched from inception to 2014. Reference lists of retrieved articles and grey literature were searched for additional trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were included if they enrolled patients of at least 18 years of age and randomised patients to receive celecoxib within 4 h of noncardiac surgery. Studies were excluded if they were animal studies, reviews/meta-analyses, did not report pain as an outcome or used epidural analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty trials met the eligibility criteria. Preoperative celecoxib in 14 studies (994 patients) amenable to meta-analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in 24-h parenteral morphine-equivalent consumption (mean difference -4.13 mg, 95% confidence interval -5.58 to -2.67, I = 94%). Eleven studies (755 patients) assessed postoperative pain scores at 24 h and found a significant decrease with celecoxib use [mean difference (on a 0-10 pain scale) -1.02, 95% confidence interval -1.54 to -0.50, I = 99%]. The risks of postoperative nausea and vomiting were also decreased by 44% (P = 0.01) and 38% (P = 0.03), respectively. Preoperative celecoxib did not improve patient satisfaction or length of recovery room stay, or increase intraoperative bleeding. Subgroup analyses indicated no difference between celecoxib 200 and 400 mg or between a single preoperative dose and continued postoperative dosing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study are limited by significant heterogeneity and inclusion of mainly small trials. However, there appears to be a slight to modest benefit of preoperative celecoxib on reducing postoperative morphine consumption, pain, nausea and vomiting.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (JSK, CM, SC), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University (JSK, PJD), Population Health Research Institute (JSK, PJD), Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (JSK), Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton (PJD), Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto (HC), and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (AM).
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Clarita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Margarido
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Devereaux
authors.forename: Hance
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McLellan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000068579:Celecoxib / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D000068579:Celecoxib