title: A potentiometric biosensor for rapid on-site disease diagnostics.
abstract: Quantitative point-of-care (POC) devices are the next generation for serological disease diagnosis. Whilst pathogen serology is typically performed by centralized laboratories using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), faster on-site diagnosis would infer improved disease management and treatment decisions. Using the model pathogen Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BHV-1) this study employs an extended-gate field-effect transistor (FET) for direct potentiometric serological diagnosis. BHV-1 is a major viral pathogen of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), the leading cause of economic loss ($2 billion annually in the US only) to the cattle and dairy industry. To demonstrate the sensor capabilities as a diagnostic tool, BHV-1 viral protein gE was expressed and immobilized on the sensor surface to serve as a capture antigen for a BHV-1-specific antibody (anti-gE), produced in cattle in response to viral infection. The gE-coated immunosensor was shown to be highly sensitive and selective to anti-gE present in commercially available anti-BHV-1 antiserum and in real serum samples from cattle with results being in excellent agreement with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and ELISA. The FET sensor is significantly faster than ELISA (<10 min), a crucial factor for successful disease intervention. This sensor technology is versatile, amenable to multiplexing, easily integrated to POC devices, and has the potential to impact a wide range of human and animal diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. Electronic address: alexey.tarasov@mse.gatech.edu.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarasov
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Darren W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Meng-Yen
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Group, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montrose
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Group, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Creedon
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Group, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lovera
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Group, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002417:Cattle; D004867:Equipment Design; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000191:economics; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins
keywords: Bovine Herpes Virus-1; Bovine Respiratory Disease; Field-effect transistors; Immunosensors; Potentiometric biosensors; Serological diagnostics