title: Decreased N-TAF1 expression in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism patient-specific neural stem cells.
abstract: X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder involving a progressive loss of striatal medium spiny neurons. The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are not known, in part because there have been few cellular models available for studying the disease. The XDP haplotype consists of multiple sequence variations in a region of the X chromosome containingTAF1, a large gene with at least 38 exons, and a multiple transcript system (MTS) composed of five unconventional exons. A previous study identified an XDP-specific insertion of a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon in intron 32 ofTAF1, as well as a neural-specific TAF1 isoform, N-TAF1, which showed decreased expression in post-mortem XDP brain compared with control tissue. Here, we generated XDP patient and control fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in order to further probe cellular defects associated with this disease. As initial validation of the model, we compared expression ofTAF1and MTS transcripts in XDP versus control fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). Compared with control cells, XDP fibroblasts exhibited decreased expression ofTAF1transcript fragments derived from exons 32-36, a region spanning the SVA insertion site. N-TAF1, which incorporates an alternative exon (exon 34'), was not expressed in fibroblasts, but was detectable in iPSC-differentiated NSCs at levels that were ∼threefold lower in XDP cells than in controls. These results support the previous findings that N-TAF1 expression is impaired in XDP, but additionally indicate that this aberrant transcription might occur in neural cells at relatively early stages of development that precede neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dhakal
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vaine
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi-Ito
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Marisela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dy
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Trisha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Multhaupt-Buell
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Nutan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA breakefield@hms.harvard.edu bragg@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Xandra O
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Breakefield
authors.affiliation: The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA breakefield@hms.harvard.edu bragg@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: D Cristopher
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bragg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C069001:TATA-binding protein associated factor 250 kDa
keywords: Induced pluripotent stem cells; TAF1; X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism