title: Longitudinal Changes Over 10 Years in Free Testosterone Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aging in males is associated with lower testosterone levels and a decrease in diurnal variation of testosterone secretion. Cross-sectional studies have shown lower than expected testosterone levels among HIV-infected men, but whether age-related changes in serum testosterone differ by HIV serostatus are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), age ≥ 45 years at highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation, who had ≥ 2 samples from the subsequent 10 years, were matched to HIV-uninfected men by age, race, MACS site, and calendar time of samples. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to determine whether free testosterone (FT) and its rate of change differed by HIV serostatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty-two HIV-infected and 267 HIV-uninfected men were included, median age: 48.8 years (interquartile range: 45.8-53.4), median numbers of FT measurements per participant 4 (interquartile range: 3-5), 65% were drawn in the adjusted morning (AM). Mean-adjusted FT levels were lower among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected men in AM samples {-6.1 ng/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): -9.8 to -2.4], P = 0.001}, but not in afternoon samples [-1.7 ng/dL (-6.0 to 2.6), P = 0.441]. The rate of FT decline with age did not differ by HIV serostatus: 9.2 ng/dL (95% CI: -13.4 to -5.0) per 10 years for HIV-infected vs. 7.9 ng/dL (95% CI: -10.2 to -5.5) for HIV-uninfected men, P = 0.578.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FT decreased similarly with increasing age regardless of HIV serostatus. The lower AM, but not adjusted afternoon, FT levels among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected men suggest a loss of diurnal variation in FT levels among HIV-infected men.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Infectious Diseases, Tenon Hospital, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France;†Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;Departments of ‡Epidemiology;§Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD;‖Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA;¶Division of Translational Science, School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and#Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: Lisa P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Xiuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Margolick
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: Dorothy J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pialoux
authors.forename: Adrian S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.forename: Todd T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005058:Eunuchism / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone