title: Does b1000-b0 Mismatch Challenge Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery Mismatch in Stroke?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to explore whether the mismatch in lesion visibility between b1000 and b0 images is an alternative to mismatch between diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging as a surrogate marker of stroke age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed patients from the European multicenter I-KNOW database. Independent readers assessed the visibility of ischemic lesions of the anterior circulation on b0 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging images. The signal-intensity ratio for b0 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging images was also measured from the segmented stroke lesion volume on b1000 images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 112 patients (68 men; mean age, 67.4 years) with stroke onset within (n=85) or longer than (n=27) 4.5 hours. b1000-b0 mismatch identified patients within 4.5 hours of stroke onset with moderate sensitivity (72.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.5-82.4) and specificity (70.4%; 95% CI, 53.2-87.6), high positive predictive value (88.6%; 95% CI, 81.1-96.0), and low negative predictive value (45.2%; 95% CI, 30.2-60.3). Global comparison of b1000-b0 mismatch with diffusion-weighted imaging-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging mismatch (considered the imaging gold standard) indicated high sensitivity (85.9%; 95% CI, 78.2-93.6), specificity (91.2%; 95% CI, 76.3-98.1), and positive predictive value (96.7%; 95% CI, 88.0-99.1) and moderate negative predictive value (73.8%; 95% CI, 60.5-87.1) of this new approach. b0 signal-intensity ratio (r=0.251; 95% CI, 0.069-0.417; P=0.008) was significantly although weakly correlated with delay between stroke onset and magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  b1000-b0 mismatch may identify patients with ischemic stroke of the within 4.5 hours of onset with high positive predictive value, perhaps constituting an alternative imaging tissue clock.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Ana Filipa
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Geraldo
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Lise-Prune
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haesebaert
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chabrol
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Tae-Hee
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Derex
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermier
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Louis-Tisserand
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chamard
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klaerke Mikkelsen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribe
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hjort
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedraza
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Götz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomalla
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.).
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nighoghossian
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neuroradiology (A.F.G., L.-P.B., A.C., M.H., G.L.-T., L.C., Y.B.) and Stroke Medicine (T.-H.C., L.D., N.N.), Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (J.H.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (I.K.M., L.R., L.Ø., N.H.); Department of Radiology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (S.P.); Kopf-und Neurozentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G.T.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.-C.B.); and INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (J.-C.B.). yves.berthezene@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berthèzene
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: biomarkers; diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; sensitivity and specificity; stroke