title: Straight sinus: ultrastructural analysis aimed at surgical tumor resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE Accurate knowledge of the anatomy of the straight sinus (SS) is relevant for surgical purposes. During one surgical procedure involving the removal of part of the SS wall, the authors observed that the venous blood flow was maintained in the SS, possibly through a vein-like structure within the dural sinus or dural multiple layers. This observation and its divergence from descriptions of the histological features of the SS walls motivated the present study. The authors aimed to investigate whether it is possible to dissect the SS walls while keeping the lumen intact, and to describe the histological and ultrastructural composition of the SS wall. METHODS A total of 22 cadaveric specimens were used. The SS was divided into three portions: anterior, middle, and posterior. The characteristics of the SS walls were analyzed, and the feasibility of dissecting them while keeping the SS lumen intact was assessed. The thickness and the number of collagen fibers and other tissues in the SS walls were compared with the same variables in other venous sinuses. Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff's stains were used to assess collagen and elastic fibers, respectively. The data were analyzed using Zeiss image analysis software (KS400). RESULTS A vein-like structure independent of the SS walls was found in at least one of the portions of the SS in 8 of 22 samples (36.36%). The inferior wall could be delaminated in at least one portion in 21 of 22 samples (95.45%), whereas the lateral walls could seldom be delaminated. The inferior wall of the SS was thicker (p < 0.05) and exhibited less collagen and greater amounts of other tissues-including elastic fibers, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers (p < 0.05)-compared with the lateral walls. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of muscle fibers at a level deeper than that of the subendothelial connective tissue in the inferior wall of the SS, extending from its junction with the great cerebral vein to the confluence of sinuses. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a structure within the SS that can maintain the venous blood flow despite the dural wall might be considered an anatomical variation. The greater thickness of the inferior wall of the SS compared with the lateral walls is mainly due to the presence of larger amounts of tissues other than collagen. Delamination of the inferior wall of the SS was mostly possible in its inferior wall, but an attempt to delaminate the lateral walls is not recommended. Ultrastructural assessment corroborated a recent report of the presence of muscle fibers in the inferior wall of the SS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Marcelo Campos Moraes
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Tirapelli
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Carlos Gilberto
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carlotti
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Benedicto Oscar
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Colli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002102:Cadaver; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AnSS = anterior straight sinus; CS = confluence of sinuses; DM = dura mater; MT = Masson's trichrome; MidSS = middle straight sinus; PoSS = posterior straight sinus; SS = straight sinus; SSS = superior sagittal sinus; TC = tentorium cerebelli; TEM = transmission electron microscopy; TS = transverse sinus; VG = vein of Galen; VIH = Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin; anatomy; dura mater; dural sinuses; morphology; muscle fibers; neurosurgical implications; straight sinus