title: High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels.
abstract: Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. Commonly used techniques have drawbacks. High-resolution techniques (e.g., SEM) require drying. Distribution in the dry state is not representative of the wet state. Techniques in the wet state (histology, µCT) are of lower resolution. Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. The lower detection limit volume was 9 × 10(-5) mm(3) . Bioglass particle suspensions were also studied using zeta potential measurements and Coulter analysis. Aggregation of bioglass particles in the GG hydrogels occurred and aggregate distribution was inhomogeneous. Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorodzha
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Timothy E L
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sangram K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Samal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cholewa-Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braeckmans
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.
authors.forename: Aldo R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boccaccini
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Skirtach
authors.affiliation: Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Venera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Weinhardt
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baumbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Surmeneva
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia.|Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Roman A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Surmenev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C022107:Bioglass; D020100:Hydrogels; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C048288:gellan gum
keywords: X-ray; bioglass; composite; hydrogel; particle