title: Histological Assessment of a Combined Low-Level Laser/Light-Emitting Diode Therapy (685 nm/470 nm) for Sutured Skin Incisions in a Porcine Model: A Short Report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate, from a histological point of view, the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) with combined low-level laser therapy (LLLT)/light- emitting diode (LED) on porcine skin wound healing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Most LLLT/LED wound healing studies have been performed on various types of rat models, with their inherent limitations. Minipigs are evolutionary and physiologically closer to humans than rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the animals under general anesthesia, one full-thickness skin incision was performed on the back of each minipig (n = 10) and immediately closed using simple interrupted percutaneous sutures. The minipigs were randomly allocated into two groups: a PBM-treated group (LLLT λ = 685 nm, LED λ = 470 nm, both light sources producing power densities at 0.008 W/cm2; each light source delivering total daily doses of 3.36 J/cm2) and a sham-irradiated control group. Half of the animals in each group were killed on postoperative day 3, and the other half were killed on the postoperative day 7, and samples were removed for histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined red and blue PBM accelerated the process of re-epithelization and formation of cross-linked collagen fibers compared with sham irradiated control wounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the current dose of combined red and blue PBM improves the healing of sutured skin incisions in minipigs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Orthopedics, Radiology, and Reproduction; Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figurová
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Orthopedics, Radiology, and Reproduction; Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Valent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ledecký
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Orthopedics, Radiology, and Reproduction; Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karasová
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Orthopedics, Radiology, and Reproduction; Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hluchý
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Orthopedics, Radiology, and Reproduction; Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trbolová
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Orthopedics, Radiology, and Reproduction; Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Capík
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Orthopedics, Radiology, and Reproduction; Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Slavomír
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horňák
authors.affiliation: 2 Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reichel
authors.affiliation: 3 IGS, Physiotherapy Research Group, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway .
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bjordal
authors.affiliation: 4 Department for Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc. , Košice, Slovak Republic.|5 Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic .|6 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University , Košice, Slovak Republic.|7 Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University , Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gál
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*