title: Motivational techniques to improve self-care in hemophilia: the need to support autonomy in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In pediatric hemophilia, caregivers are facing unique challenges to adherence and self-care in children and adolescents with hemophilia. Hemophilia treatment requires adequate prophylaxis and on-demand treatment, as well as a clear behavioral strategy to limit risk-taking in terms of physical exercise and diet. Medication adherence rates of hemophilia patients have been reported to decrease during late childhood and adolescence. In the developing child, moving safely from parent-care to self-care is one of the greatest challenges of integrative care within this domain. There is a clear need for initiatives designed to increase an individual's motivation for treatment and self-care activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among motivational approaches, the self-determination perspective offers a useful framework to explain how the transition to self-care can be facilitated. We discuss how motivation regarding hemophilia treatment may be increased through parental autonomy support and we offer examples of applied communication techniques to facilitate autonomy-supportive caregiving. Although it has not yet been tested in the context of hemophilia, these communication techniques could potentially help caregivers promote adherence and self-care in children. Confronted by unique challenges to adherence and self-care, caregivers of children with hemophilia should move from an exclusive focus on illness-management education to an integrative strategy, including motivation-enhancing communication. The self-determination perspective provides important proximal objectives (e.g. autonomy support) to maintain optimal adherence in adolescents as they move from parent-care to self-care. Future research initiatives should address the practice of these communication techniques and evaluate them in the context of hemophilia.
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bérubé
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Florine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouillard
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amesse
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada. serge.sultan@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sultan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D060305:Transition to Adult Care