title: AMPK in cardiac fibrosis and repair: Actions beyond metabolic regulation.
abstract: Fibrosis is a general term encompassing a plethora of pathologies that span all systems and is marked by increased deposition of collagen. Injury of variable etiology gives rise to complex cascades involving several cell-types and molecular signals, leading to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that promotes fibrosis and eventually leads to organ failure. Cardiac fibrosis is a dynamic process associated notably with ischemia, hypertrophy, volume- and pressure-overload, aging and diabetes mellitus. It has profoundly deleterious consequences on the normal architecture and functioning of the myocardium and is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed cellular energy sensor and an essential component of the adaptive response to cardiomyocyte stress that occurs during ischemia. Nevertheless, its actions extend well beyond its energy-regulating role and it appears to possess an essential role in regulating fibrosis of the myocardium. In this review paper, we will summarize the main elements and crucial players of cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we will provide an overview of the diverse roles of AMPK in the heart and discuss in detail its implication in cardiac fibrosis. Lastly, we will highlight the recently published literature concerning AMPK-targeting current therapy and novel strategies aiming to attenuate fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium; Cardiovascular Research (Care) Institute, Athens & Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelos P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Daskalopoulos
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dufeys
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Division of Cardiology, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beauloye
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: sandrine.horman@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horman
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001599:Berberine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005355:Fibrosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D013267:Stilbenes; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D001599:Berberine; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D008687:Metformin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: AMPK; Cardiac fibrosis; Cardiac metabolism; Cardiac remodeling; Hypertrophy; Ischemia