title: The Education-health Nexus: Fact and fiction.
abstract: This paper examines the link between schooling and health. We provide new evidence on the relationship between formal schooling completed and several aspects of health by using Finnish twin data matched to individual information on schooling. Health is measured in 1990 (and 1981). Schooling is defined using comprehensive register-based information. All models account for initial health endowment in 1975. The sample sizes vary from 2542 to 4402 identical twins, depending on the specification. Using twin design, we find that unobserved family and genetic factors drive the cross-sectional correlations between schooling and many health measures, especially for females. Our within-MZ twin results for males show that high school (or vocational) or lowest level tertiary education reduces BMI and medication use. High school (or vocational) or university graduated males also exercise more than males who have completed primary education only. Given that high school or basic tertiary education have the strongest positive health effects for males, our results suggest that policies that prevent secondary school dropout alone may yield social benefits in the form of better health.
authors.affiliation: Turku School of Economics, Labour Institute for Economic Research and IZA, Pitkänsillanranta 3A, FI-00530 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: petri.bockerman@labour.fi.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Böckerman
authors.affiliation: Labour Institute for Economic Research, Pitkänsillanranta 3A, FI-00530 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: terhi.maczulskij@labour.fi.
authors.forename: Terhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maczulskij
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064890:Social Determinants of Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014427:Twins / Q000193:education*
keywords: Co-twin control; Education; Finland; Health; Health behavior; Health inputs; Schooling; Twin data