title: Stunting at 5 Years Among SGA Newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare risk of stunting at 5 years across etiological subgroups of small for gestational age (SGA) newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data of a subsample (N = 1100) of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. We defined SGA as birth weight <10th percentile, then classified subjects into etiological subgroups by each of 8 risk factors (ie, maternal prepregnancy underweight, short stature, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol use during pregnancy, inadequate gestational weight gain [GWG], hypertension, genital herpes infection, and multiple births) or by cooccurrence of 2 often intertwined risk factors (smoking and inadequate GWG). We defined stunting as 5 years height-for-age z score below -2. We fitted logistic regression models to test whether the risk of stunting differed across SGA subgroups, adjusting for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SGA subgroup with maternal short stature (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.16-6.96) or inadequate GWG (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.23-3.84) had higher risk of stunting at 5 years, compared with the SGA subgroup without the corresponding risk factor. SGA newborns with both maternal smoking and inadequate GWG during pregnancy had much higher risk of stunting at 5 years (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.21-7.91), compared with SGA newborns without any of these 2 SGA risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etiological subgroups of SGA differed in risk of stunting at 5 years. SGA newborns of inadequate GWG mothers who smoke and SGA newborns of short mothers were at particularly high risk of stunting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Cancer Prevention Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
authors.forename: Chuanbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.affiliation: Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Rina D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Eiden
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island;
authors.forename: Edmond D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Shenassa
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; and.
authors.forename: Xiuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Child Healthcare, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and xiaozhongwen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000254:growth & development*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects