title: Black Ginseng Extract Counteracts Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice.
abstract: Black ginseng, a new type of processed ginseng that has a unique ginsenoside profile, has been shown to display potent pharmacological activities in in vitro and in vivo models. Although red ginseng is considered beneficial for the prevention of diabetes, the relationship between black ginseng and diabetes is unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of black ginseng extract (BGE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insulin-deficient diabetic mice, in comparison with red ginseng extract (RGE). HPLC analyses showed that BGE has a different ginsenoside composition to RGE; BGE contains Rg5 and compound k as the major ginsenosides. BGE at 200 mg/kg reduced hyperglycemia, increased the insulin/glucose ratio and improved islet architecture and β-cell function in STZ-treated mice. The inhibition of β-cell apoptosis by BGE was associated with suppression of the cytokine-induced nuclear factor-κB-mediated signaling pathway in the pancreas. Moreover, these anti-diabetic effects of BGE were more potent than those of RGE. Collectively, our data indicate that BGE, in part by suppressing cytokine-induced apoptotic signaling, protects β-cells from oxidative injury and counteracts diabetes in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Taek
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry; D006706:Homeostasis; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007328:Insulin; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D010936:Plant Extracts; C073701:Nfkb1 protein, mouse