title: Sex steroid imbalances in the muricid Stramonita haemastoma from TBT contaminated sites.
abstract: Imposex incidence, organotin tissue levels, and sex steroid (free and esterified testosterone and estradiol) levels were assessed in Stramonita haemastoma from Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil). The imposex levels showed a reduction when compared to a previous evaluation performed in the same area. In spite of that, the detected imposex incidence indicated the occurrence of tributyltin (TBT) inputs that were still able to produce endocrine disruption in local gastropods. In addition, a high level of organotins was observed in tissues of imposexed females. These females also showed a hormonal imbalance, especially in the total testosterone/total estradiol ratio. These findings obtained under realistic field conditions suggest that the steroid pathway could be responsible by the imposex induction after exposure to TBT. In this case, measurements of sex steroid levels can be an additional evidence for monitoring sites and impose affected gastropod populations.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil. martina.rossato@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossato
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil. italobraga@gmail.com.|Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil. italobraga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Paganini
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Colares
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fillmann
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: G L L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pinho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011559:tributyltin
keywords: Butyltin accumulation; Endocrine disruptor; Hormonal disturbance; Imposex; Stramonita haemastoma; TBT