title: Decreased phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens--A putative novel lipid signature in patients with stable coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are structurally heterogeneous due to differences in the O- and N-linked fatty acids and head groups. Sphingolipids also show a heterogeneity in their sphingoid base composition which up to now has been little appreciated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of certain glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The lipid profile in plasma from patients with stable CAD (n = 18) or AMI (n = 17) was compared to healthy subjects (n = 14). Sixty five glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species were quantified by LC-MS. The relative distribution of these lipids into lipoprotein fractions was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CAD cohort, 45 glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. In the AMI group, 42 glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species were reduced. Four PC plasmalogens (PC33:1, PC33:2, PC33:3 and PC35:3) showed the most significant difference. Out of eleven analyzed sphingoid bases, four were lower in the CAD and six in the AMI group. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels were reduced in the AMI group whereas an atypical C16:1 S1P was lower in both groups. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species were exclusively present in lipoprotein particles, whereas lysophosphatidylcholines were mainly found in the lipoprotein-free fraction. The observed differences were not explained by the use of statins as confirmed in a second, independent cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced levels of four PC plasmalogens (PC33:1, PC33:2, PC33:3 and PC35:3) were identified as a putatively novel lipid signature for CAD and AMI.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Iryna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klingenberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rohrer
authors.affiliation: Competence Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Landmesser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dierik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heg
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodondi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mach
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Windecker
authors.affiliation: Competence Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Matter
authors.affiliation: Competence Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lüscher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Eckardstein
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: thorsten.hornemann@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hornemann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000097:blood*; D010955:Plasmalogens / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010955:Plasmalogens
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Coronary artery disease; Glycerophospholipids; Sphingolipids