title: One Hundred Faces of Cyclopamine.
abstract: The natural steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine has been identified as the first inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which is implicated in embryonic development and tumorigenesis, as well as is hyperactivated in cancer stem cells (CSCs). The list of Hh-dependent tumors is steadily growing, and it has been estimated that about 25% of all cancer deaths show signs of aberrant Hh pathway activation. Notably, cyclopamine has been found to exert anticancer activity against several types of human cancer and to inhibit CSCs proliferation, thus highlighting the druggability of the Hh pathway and paving new opportunities in anticancer drug discovery. The aim of the present work is to review the main synthetic strategies to cyclopamine and its derivatives, with particular emphasis on the challenging chemical modifications aimed at improving the biological activity of the molecule.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iovine
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy. m.mattia79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calcaterra
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berardozzi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Botta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids; C000541:cyclopamine