title: Octreotide and Lanreotide in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors are heterogeneous, rare malignancies that arise most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. They often secrete vasoactive substances resulting in carcinoid syndrome and the tumor cells exclusively express somatostatin receptors. Octreotide and lanreotide are the two synthetic somatostatin analogs used for the control of carcinoid symptoms and tumor progression in advanced inoperable disease. Recent pivotal trials (PROMID and CLARINET studies) established their antitumor activity. We discuss the available data to support their use as symptom controlling and antiproliferative agents. This article also reviews the guidelines (National Comprehensive Cancer Network and North American Neuro Endocrine Tumor Society), cost-analysis (suggesting the cost-effectiveness of lanreotide autogel compared to higher doses of octreotide long acting release formulation in refractory patients), and future directions of somatostatin analogs in the management of patients refractory to conventional doses of octreotide and lanreotide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Venkata K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Pokuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Carolinas Healthcare System, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Mei Ka
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. renuka.iyer@roswellpark.org.
authors.forename: Renuka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C060347:lanreotide; D013004:Somatostatin; D015282:Octreotide
keywords: Cost-analysis; Gastroenteropancreatic; Lanreotide; Neuroendocrine tumors; Octreotide; Somatostatin; Synthetic