title: Long Term Functional Outcome of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement vs. Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and Extracapsular Repair in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine a long term function of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treatment of ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs, and to compare this to the long term function of previously reported tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), extracapsular reconstruction (ECR), and a population of normal dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs with unilateral ruptured CCL treated with TTA (n = 14), TPLO (n = 15), and ECR (n = 23), and normal adult dogs (control, n = 80).
  
  
  METHODS
  Force plate gait analysis was performed at 1 time point for the normal control group and preoperatively, and at 2 and 8 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively for the treatment groups. Using serial force plates, symmetry indices (SI) were calculated between the operated and unoperated pelvic limbs for peak vertical force (PVF), contact time (CT), and vertical impulse (VI). Ground reaction forces (GRF) of the treatment and control group were compared using a general linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Walk SI for dogs with TTA were not significantly different from the control group at 12 months postoperatively. At the trot, neither TTA nor ECR achieved normal GRF. SI of the TPLO group were not different from the normal control group by 6-12 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the walk, TTA achieves normal function by 12 months; however, at the trot TTA is indistinguishable from ECR. TPLO resulted in operated limb function that was similar to the control population by 6-12 months postoperatively at the walk and the trot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krotscheck
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Rory J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Todhunter
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
authors.forename: Zhiwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000662:veterinary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*