title: Diagnostic agreement when comparing still and video imaging for the medical evaluation of child sexual abuse.
abstract: Still photo imaging is often used in medical evaluations of child sexual abuse (CSA) but video imaging may be superior. We aimed to compare still images to videos with respect to diagnostic agreement regarding hymenal deep notches and transections in post-pubertal females. Additionally, we evaluated the role of experience and expertise on agreement. We hypothesized that videos would result in improved diagnostic agreement of multiple evaluators as compared to still photos. This was a prospective quasi-experimental study using imaging modality as the quasi-independent variable. The dependent variable was diagnostic agreement of participants regarding presence/absence of findings indicating penetrative trauma on non-acute post-pubertal genital exams. Participants were medical personnel who regularly perform CSA exams. Diagnostic agreement was evaluated utilizing a retrospective selection of videos and still photos obtained directly from the videos. Videos and still photos were embedded into an on-line survey as sixteen cases. One-hundred sixteen participants completed the study. Participant diagnosis was more likely to agree with study center diagnosis when using video (p<0.01). Use of video resulted in statistically significant changes in diagnosis in four of eight cases. In two cases, the diagnosis of the majority of participants changed from no hymenal transection to transection present. No difference in agreement was found based on experience or expertise. Use of video vs. still images resulted in increased agreement with original examiner and changes in diagnostic impressions in review of CSA exams. Further study is warranted, as video imaging may have significant impacts on diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64113, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Killough
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64113, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64113, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moffatt
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64113, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64113, USA.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nielsen-Parker
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64113, USA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderst
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D000072143:Pediatricians / Q000592:standards; D010781:Photography; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Child sexual abuse; Child sexual abuse forensics; Inter-rater agreement; Medical evaluation of child sexual abuse