title: Barrage fishponds: Reduction of pesticide concentration peaks and associated risk of adverse ecological effects in headwater streams.
abstract: Constructed wetlands have been suggested as pesticide risk mitigation measures. Yet, in many agricultural areas, ponds or shallow lakes are already present and may contribute to the control of non-point source contamination by pesticides. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the influence of extensively managed barrage fishponds (n = 3) on the dissolved concentrations of 100 pesticides in headwater streams over the course of a year. Among the 100 pesticides, 50 different substances were detected upstream and 48 downstream. Highest measured concentration upstream was 26.5 μg/L (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, MCPA) and 5.19 μg/L (isoproturon) downstream. Fishponds were found to reduce peak exposure levels as high pesticide concentrations (defined here as ≥ 1 μg/L) generally decreased by more than 90% between upstream and downstream sampling sites. The measured concentrations in the investigated streams were compared to laboratory toxicity data for standard test organisms (algae, invertebrates and fish) using the toxic unit approach. When considering the threshold levels set by the European Union within the first tier risk assessment procedure for pesticide registration (commission regulation (EU) N° 546/2011), regulatory threshold exceedances were observed for 22 pesticides upstream from fishponds and for 9 pesticides downstream. Therefore, the investigated barrage fishponds contributed to the reduction of pesticide peak concentrations and potential risk of adverse effects for downstream ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, EA 3998 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Electronic address: jma.gaillard@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, EA 3998 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, EA 3998 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iuretig
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pallez
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, EA 3998 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feidt
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dauchy
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, EA 3998 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Fish ponds; Headwater streams; Pesticide; Shallow lakes; Toxic units