title: Apical extrusion of debris using reciprocating files and rotary instrumentation systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the preparation time and amount of apically extruded debris after the preparation of root canals in extracted human teeth using the reciprocating files and rotary nickel-titanium systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were used. The root canals were instrumented using reciprocating (WaveOne, Reciproc, SafeSider) or rotary motion (Typhoon, ProTaper Universal, Mtwo), and the debris produced was collected in glass vials. The remaining debris was assessed using a microbalance and statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple range tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. The time required to prepare the canals with different instruments was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Reciproc group produced significantly less debris when compared to the Typhoon group (P < 0.05), and instrumentation with the single-file systems was significantly faster than in the multi-file systems (P < 0.05). The WaveOne group extruded significantly more debris per unit of time than the other groups, with the exception of the Typhoon group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our study, all systems caused apical debris extrusion. However, the Reciproc group was associated with less debris extrusion when compared to the other groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Özyürek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tunc
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D003762:Dental Instruments; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016369:Smear Layer; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium