title: Anti-oxidative effect of AST-120 on kidney injury after myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a crucial risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and combined CKD and CVD further increases morbidity and mortality. Here, we investigated effects of AST-120 on oxidative stress and kidney injury using a model of myocardial infarction (MI) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 10 weeks, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into three groups: SHR (n = 6), MI (n = 8) and MI + AST-120 (n = 8). AST-120 administration was started at 11 weeks after MI. At 18 weeks, the rats were killed, and blood and urine, mRNA expression and renal histological analyses were performed. Echocardiography was performed before and after MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 18 weeks, the BP was significantly lower in the MI and MI+AST-120 groups than in the SHR group. Elevated levels of indoxyl sulfate (IS), one of the uremic toxins, in serum and urine were reduced by AST-120 treatment, compared with the MI group. Markers of oxidative stress in urine and serum biomarkers of kidney injury were decreased in the MI+AST-120 group compared with the other two groups. Renal expression of mRNAs for kidney injury related-markers were decreased in the MI+AST-120 group, compared with the MI group. In vitro data also supported the influence of IS on kidney injury. Immunohistological analysis showed that intrarenal oxidative stress was reduced by AST-120 administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IS was increased after MI and treatment with AST-120 may have protective effects on kidney injury after MI by suppressing oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujieda
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004452:Echocardiography; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010087:Oxides; D002244:Carbon; C040896:AST 120