title: Are Anthracycline-Based Regimens Truly Indicated To Be the Standard Chemotherapy Regimen for Thymic Carcinoma?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thymic carcinoma (TC) is an exceptionally rare form of tumor that differs from thymoma by virtue of its very poor prognosis. The difficulties associated with conducting prospective trials involving rare diseases such as TC limit the evidence that can be applied to their treatment. To the extent possible, however, all medical treatment should be evidence based.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical results regarding chemotherapy and thymic epithelial malignancies, which include invasive thymoma and TC. We conducted a search of the PubMed database to extract all the chemotherapeutic clinical trials from January 1990 to December 2014. The search included the terms chemotherapy, thymic malignancy, thymoma, and thymic carcinoma and all English-language publications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the initial total of 248 articles, we excluded articles that were only in abstract form, review articles, and case reports. In addition, to focus on cytotoxic therapies, we excluded articles on molecular target therapy for TC from our study. After the exclusion criteria were applied, 31 articles remained; they included prospective and retrospective trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study assessed the reliable and assessable data on the chemotherapy regimens for TC to identify the evidence-based recommendations. The results indicate that the only recommended anthracycline-containing regimen would be carboplatin plus amrubicin-not the combination of cisplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide-and that the recommended regimens without anthracycline would be carboplatin plus paclitaxel and cisplatin plus docetaxel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toyozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaname
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nosaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan. Electronic address: tseto@nk-cc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seto
mesh_terms: D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines
keywords: Advanced thymic carcinoma; Anthracycline-based regimen; Chemotherapy; Evidenced-based medicine; Thymic malignancy