title: Chronic cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid and pyrethrin pesticides through fruit and vegetables consumption in the region of Valencia (Spain).
abstract: In the present study, the chronic cumulative exposure to organophosphorus (OPs), carbamates (CBs) and pyrethroid and pyrethrin (PPs) pesticides in the region of Valencia through fruit and vegetables consumption is presented. A total of 752 samples and 84 pesticides were studied of which, 52 were OPs, 23 CBs and 9 PPs. Residue data were derived from the Valencia Region monitoring program 2007-2011 and food consumption levels from a questionnaire-based dietary survey conducted in 2010 in the same area. The relative potency factor (RPFs) approach was used to estimate chronic cumulative dietary exposure to OPs, CBs and PPs using acephate, oxamyl and deltamethrin as index compounds, respectively. The exposure was estimated using a deterministic approach and two scenarios were assumed for left-censored results: the lower-bound (LB) scenario, in which unquantified results (below the limit of quantification (LOQ)) were set to zero and the upper-bound (UB) scenario, in which unquantified results were set to the LOQ. Results demonstrate that the chronic exposure of the young (<16 years) and adult (≥ 16 years) population to pesticides through fruits and vegetables is under control (even at high or frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables), for the three groups of pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Leyre
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quijano
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Research Area, Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), FISABIO. Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yusà
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Font
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Research Area, Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), FISABIO. Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: pardo_olg@gva.es.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pardo
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013030:Spain; D035501:Uncertainty; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Chronic cumulative dietary exposure; Deterministic risk assessment; Fruits; Pesticides; RPF approach; Vegetables