title: Introduction of Bovine-Based Nutrient Fortifier and Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants as Measured by Fecal Calprotectin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fecal calprotectin (fCP) is a biomarker of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) inflammation that is currently being used investigationally among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stool was collected weekly from 20 breastmilk-fed VLBW infants for up to 8 weeks after birth during the establishment and fortification of feeds, and fCP concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean fCP levels increased significantly in stools collected immediately following bovine-based nutrient fortification of feeds (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of bovine fortifier to breastmilk feeds appeared to be associated with an acute increase in GIT inflammation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Julia K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Panczuk
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .|2 Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Nutrition Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Nutrition Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.affiliation: 4 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Nutrition Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .|5 The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002417:Cattle; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex