title: The Doors and People Test: The effect of frontal lobe lesions on recall and recognition memory performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Memory deficits in patients with frontal lobe lesions are most apparent on free recall tasks that require the selection, initiation, and implementation of retrieval strategies. The effect of frontal lesions on recognition memory performance is less clear with some studies reporting recognition memory impairments but others not. The majority of these studies do not directly compare recall and recognition within the same group of frontal patients, assessing only recall or recognition memory performance. Other studies that do compare recall and recognition in the same frontal group do not consider recall or recognition tests that are comparable for difficulty. Recognition memory impairments may not be reported because recognition memory tasks are less demanding.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study aimed to investigate recall and recognition impairments in the same group of 47 frontal patients and 78 healthy controls. The Doors and People Test was administered as a neuropsychological test of memory as it assesses both verbal and visual recall and recognition using subtests that are matched for difficulty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant verbal and visual recall and recognition impairments were found in the frontal patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that when frontal patients are assessed on recall and recognition memory tests of comparable difficulty, memory impairments are found on both types of episodic memory test.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London.
authors.forename: Martha S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozzali
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolotti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shallice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology