title: Cuprous Oxide as a Potential Low-Cost Hole-Transport Material for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.
abstract: Inorganic hole-transport materials are commercially desired to decrease the fabrication cost of perovskite solar cells. Here, Cu2O is introduced as a potential hole-transport material for stable, low-cost devices. Considering that Cu2O formation is highly sensitive to the underlying mixture of perovskite precursors and their solvents, we proposed and engineered a technique for reactive magnetron sputtering. The rotational angular deposition of Cu2O yields high surface coverage of the perovskite layer for high rate of charge extraction. Deposition of this Cu2O layer on the pinhole-free perovskite layer produces devices with power conversion efficiency values of up to 8.93%. The engineered Cu2O layers showed uniform, compact, and crack-free surfaces on the perovskite layer without affecting the perovskite structure, which is desired for deposition of the top metal contact and for surface shielding against moisture and mechanical damages.
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterials Group, Dept. of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahram Abdollahi
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Nejand
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. v_ahmadi@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gharibzadeh
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterials Group, Dept. of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shahverdi
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000191:economics*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012993:Solar Energy; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C059910:perovskite; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium; C000520:cuprous oxide
keywords: cuprous oxide; perovskite; planar heterojunction; reactive sputtering; solar cells