title: Ceramic tiles with black pigment made from stainless steel plant dust: Physical properties and long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals.
abstract: Stainless steel plant dust is a hazardous by-product of the stainless steelmaking industry. It contains large amounts of Fe, Cr, and Ni, and can be potentially recycled as a raw material of inorganic black pigment in the ceramic industry to reduce environmental contamination and produce value-added products. In this paper, ceramic tiles prepared with black pigment through recycling of stainless steel plant dust were characterized in terms of physical properties, such as bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity, and volume shrinkage ratio, as well as the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn). The results show that good physical properties of ceramic tiles can be obtained with 8% pigments addition, sample preparation pressure of 25 MPa, and sintering at 1200 ºC for 30 min. The major controlling leaching mechanism for Cr and Pb from the ceramic tiles is initial surface wash-off, while the leaching behavior of Cd, Ni, and Zn from the stabilized product is mainly controlled by matrix diffusion. The reutilization process is safe and effective to immobilize the heavy metals in the stainless steel plant dust.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stainless steel plant dust is considered as a hazardous material, and it can be potentially recycled for black pigment preparation in the ceramic industry. This paper provides the characteristics of the ceramic tiles with black pigment through recycling stainless steel plant dust, and the long-term leaching behavior and controlling leaching mechanisms of heavy metals from the ceramic tile. The effectiveness of the treatment process is also evaluated.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Renbo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Boyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhengliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics / Q000032:analysis*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D059027:Recycling; D013193:Stainless Steel
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D013193:Stainless Steel