title: Rice Seed Priming with Picomolar Rutin Enhances Rhizospheric Bacillus subtilis CIM Colonization and Plant Growth.
abstract: The effect of rutin, a bioflavonoid on the growth and biofilm formation of Bacillus subtilis strain CIM was investigated. In addition to swimming, swarming, and twitching potentials of B. subtilis CIM (BS), one picomolar (1 pM) of rutin was also observed to boost the biofilm forming ability of the bacterium. Bio-priming of rice seeds with BS and rutin not only augmented root and shoot lengths but also the photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoid. Similarly, high accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid contents was observed in the leaves. Fluorescent microscopic images revealed that BS plus rutin enhanced callose deposition in the leaves. It was also established that the least formation of reactive oxygen species in BS plus rutin treated rice plants was due to higher free radicals scavenging activity and total antioxidant potential. The results highlight chemo attractant nature of BS towards rutin, which by enhancing biofilm formation and root colonization indirectly strengthened the plants' defensive state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
authors.forename: Akanksha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
authors.forename: Rupali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D058491:Bacterial Load; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids; D012431:Rutin