title: Major changes in the sphingophospholipidome of HDL in non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phospholipids and sphingolipids play a critical role in the protective effects of HDL against atherosclerosis. These properties are impaired in patients with metabolic syndrome, before the development of diabetes. We thus investigated whether HDL from patients with metabolic syndrome but normal fasting glycaemia present abnormalities in their sphingophospholipid profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified the different species of the main phospholipids and sphingolipids in the HDL2 and HDL3 from 26 obese patients with metabolic syndrome but normal fasting glycaemia and 50 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phosphatidylcholines, when expressed as the relative amount compared with total phospholipids and sphingolipids, were similar in both HDL2 and HDL3 in the two groups. Lysophosphatidylcholines were 41% (p = 0.0002) and 86% (p < 0.0001) higher in HDL2 and HDL3, respectively, from patients with metabolic syndrome than in those from controls. Phosphatidylinositols were also higher in HDL2 and HDL3 (respectively, +60 and + 103% (p < 0.0001)). In contrast, both HDL2 and HDL3 from patients with metabolic syndrome showed lower proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogens (respectively -78 and -73%, p < 0.0001), phosphatidylcholine-based plasmalogens (respectively -44 and -53%, p < 0.0001), d18:1-sphingosine-1-phosphate (respectively -52 and -38%, p < 0.0001) and sphingomyelins (respectively -19% (p < 0.0001) and -24% (p = 0.0006)), than did controls. Moreover, we observed a decrease in C18:2 fatty acid-containing phospholipids and an increase in C20:4 fatty acid-containing phospholipids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sphingophospholipidome of HDL from normoglycaemic obese patients with metabolic syndrome is profoundly modified, before the dysregulation of glycaemia. Most of the changes observed have pejorative effect in terms of vascular protection.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 866, University of Bourgogne and Franche Comté, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dijon, France; Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denimal
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Lipidomic Platform, University of Bourgogne and Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pais de Barros
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 866, University of Bourgogne and Franche Comté, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dijon, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouillet
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 866, University of Bourgogne and Franche Comté, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dijon, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 866, University of Bourgogne and Franche Comté, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dijon, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vergès
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 866, University of Bourgogne and Franche Comté, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dijon, France; Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France. Electronic address: laurence.duvillard@chu-dijon.fr.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duvillard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000097:blood*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D010743:Phospholipids; D013107:Sphingolipids
keywords: HDL; Lipidomic; Metabolic syndrome; Phospholipids; Sphingolipids; Tandem mass spectrometry