title: Loss of TIMP-1 immune expression and tumor recurrence in localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of MMPs has been related to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. TIMP1 and TIMP2 are controllers of MMPs and the aim of this study is to evaluate the expression levels of MMPs and their regulators using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray of localized prostate cancer (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immune-expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP1, TIMP-2, MMP-14 and IL8, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in radical prostatectomy specimens of 40 patients with localized PC who underwent surgery between September 1997 and February 2000. Protein expression was considered as categorical variables, negative or positive. The results of the immune-expression were correlated to Gleason score (GS), pathological stage (TNM), pre-operatory PSA serum levels and biochemical recurrence in a mean follow up period of 92.5 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The loss of TIMP1 immune-expression was related to biochemical recurrence. When TIMP1 was negative, 56.3% patients recurred versus 22.2% of those whose TIMP1 was positive (p=0.042). MMP-9, MMP-2, IL8 and MMP-14 were positive in the majority of PC. TIMP-2 was negative in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative immune-expression of TIMP1 is correlated with biochemical recurrence in patients with PC possibly by failing to control MMP-9, an important MMP related to cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sabrina Thalita dos
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nayara Izabel
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iscaife
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pontes-Junior
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dip
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alberto Azoubel
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Ribeiro
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Genoa Biotechnology SA, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Isaque
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: William Carlos
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.|Genoa Biotechnology SA, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Katia Ramos Moreira
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Leite
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases