title: Topical Formulation Containing Naringenin: Efficacy against Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Skin Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice.
abstract: Naringenin (NGN) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but it remains undetermined its topical actions against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and functional antioxidant stability of NGN containing formulations, and the effects of selected NGN containing formulation on UVB irradiation-induced skin inflammation and oxidative damage in hairless mice. NGN presented ferric reducing power, ability to scavenge 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical, and inhibited iron-independent and dependent lipid peroxidation. Among the three formulations containing NGN, only the F3 kept its physicochemical and functional stability over 180 days. Topical application of F3 in mice protected from UVB-induced skin damage by inhibiting edema and cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Furthermore, F3 inhibited superoxide anion and lipid hydroperoxides production and maintained ferric reducing and ABTS scavenging abilities, catalase activity, and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, F3 maintained mRNA expression of cellular antioxidants glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione reductase and transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), and induced mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, a formulation containing NGN may be a promising approach to protecting the skin from the deleterious effects of UVB irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Felipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pinho-Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vinicius S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thais C C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carla V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Caviglione
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bottura
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14049-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria J V
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Farmacore Biotecnologia LTDA, Rua Edson Souto, 738-Anexo I, Lagoinha, 14095-250 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabiana T M C
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Vicentini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josiane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vignoli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baracat
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sandra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Georgetti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Waldiceu A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Verri
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rubia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casagrande
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D044950:Flavanones; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D013481:Superoxides; D016753:Interleukin-10; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; C005273:naringenin; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; C000722068:Gpx1 protein, mouse