title: Complications of Deep Sedation for Individual Procedures (Lumbar Puncture Alone) Versus Combined Procedures (Lumbar Puncture and Bone Marrow Aspirate) in Pediatric Oncology Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric oncology patients frequently undergo procedural sedation. The goal of this study was to determine the safety of combining procedures into a single sedation encounter and to assess if the magnitude of any complication is significant enough to justify separate sedation encounters for multiple procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective review included pediatric oncology patients sedated for lumbar puncture alone or combined procedures (lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspirate) from January 2012 to January 2014. Demographic characteristics, medication dosing, procedural success, sedation duration, and adverse events (AEs) with associated required interventions were recorded. Sedation-related complications were separated into serious adverse events (SAEs) and AEs. Data were analyzed by using multivariable modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 972 sedation encounters involving 96 patients, each having 1 to 28 encounters (mean±SD, 10±5), were reviewed. Ninety percent were individual procedures and 10% were combined procedures. Overall, there were few SAEs, and airway obstruction was the most common SAE. Combined procedures required 0.31 mg/kg more propofol (P<.001) and took 1.4 times longer (P<.001) than individual procedures. In addition, when adjusting for possible confounding factors, the odds of having an SAE were 4.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.37-16.65); P=.014) times higher for combined procedures. All SAEs and AEs were manageable by the sedation team.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining procedures was associated with higher propofol doses, prolonged duration, and a small increase in likelihood of SAEs compared with individual procedures. All AEs fell within the scope of management by the sedation team. Balancing the increased, but manageable, risks versus the advantages of family/patient convenience, enhanced resource utilization, and minimization of potential neurotoxicity from anesthetics supports combining procedures when possible.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, and mmpate2@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Meral M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Pradip P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, and.
authors.forename: Courtney E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and.
authors.forename: Harold K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D061646:Operative Time; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol