title: Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foodstuffs in Italy and implications for human exposure.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in various foodstuffs in Italy and the dietary intake was estimated. PBDEs were detected in all analysed samples at concentrations that spanned over five orders of magnitude. The most abundant congeners were the BDE-209, followed by BDE-47 and BDE-99. Fish oil and milk samples showed the highest PBDE concentrations among all samples. The daily dietary intake values were found to be in good agreement or higher to literature values, impacted mainly from the contribution of the analysed dairy products. The cancer risk values estimated for BDE-209 indicated that this specific risk associated with the studied foodstuffs is limited. Italy is one of the world-leading countries in the production of furniture and clothes and has extremely developed medium enterprise industrial sector, where PBDEs were historically used suggesting that their occurrence may be linked to these activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martellini
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory for Dioxins and PCBs in Food and Feed, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Feed Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via G.Salvemini, 1 - 06126, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scortichini
authors.affiliation: Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection of Region Tuscany (ARPAT), Via Ponte alle Mosse, 50100 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Meri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 48 - 50134, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Eudes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lanciotti
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) at FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katsoyiannis
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: acincinelli@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cincinelli
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
keywords: Foodstuffs; GC–NCI–MS; Human exposure; PBDEs