title: Intermediates in the assembly of mitotic checkpoint complexes and their role in the regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex.
abstract: The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system prevents premature separation of sister chromatids in mitosis and thus ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Kinetochores that are not attached properly to the mitotic spindle produce an inhibitory signal that prevents progression into anaphase. The checkpoint system acts on the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase, which targets for degradation inhibitors of anaphase initiation. APC/C is inhibited by the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC), which assembles when the checkpoint is activated. MCC is composed of the checkpoint proteins BubR1, Bub3, and Mad2, associated with the APC/C coactivator Cdc20. The intermediary processes in the assembly of MCC are not sufficiently understood. It is also not clear whether or not some subcomplexes of MCC inhibit the APC/C and whether Mad2 is required only for MCC assembly and not for its action on the APC/C. We used purified subcomplexes of mitotic checkpoint proteins to examine these problems. Our results do not support a model in which Mad2 catalytically generates a Mad2-free APC/C inhibitor. We also found that the release of Mad2 from MCC caused a marked (although not complete) decrease in inhibitory action, suggesting a role of Mad2 in MCC for APC/C inhibition. A previously unknown species of MCC, which consists of Mad2, BubR1, and two molecules of Cdc20, contributes to the inhibition of APC/C by the mitotic checkpoint system.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaisari
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sitry-Shevah
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Shirly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miniowitz-Shemtov
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel hershko@tx.technion.ac.il.
authors.forename: Avram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hershko
mesh_terms: D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D064199:Cdc20 Proteins; D006801:Humans; D059566:M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000502:physiology*; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D064199:Cdc20 Proteins; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; C584277:BUB1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: cell cycle; protein degradation; ubiquitin