title: [Influencing factors and complications in open treatment of acute anterior glenoid rim fractures].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this comparative study was to evaluate the clinical radiological outcome after open treatment of acute anterior glenoid rim fractures and to analyze the influencing factors and complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 26 patients with an average age of 51.6 years (range 27-71 years) at surgery. The mean period of follow-up was 5.1 years (range 2.0-11.1 years). The average extent of glenoid fracture involvement was 25.5 % (range 18-35%) and three fixation techniques were applied: 1) bioresorbable pins (n = 16), 2) small fragment screws (n = 5) and 3) bioresorbable suture anchors (n = 5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean score values were 80.3 points for the absolute Constant score, 87.6 points for the normalized Constant score, 88.7 points for the Rowe score, 17.4 points for the Oxford shoulder score, 10.3 points for the simple shoulder test, 13.0 points for the shoulder pain and disability index and 81.5 % for the subjective shoulder value. The fixation technique did not show a significant influence; however, multi-fragment fractures were associated with a significantly inferior absolute (73 vs. 87 points, p = 0.022) and normalized Constant scores (81 vs. 94 points, p = 0.019). Subscapularis insufficiency with internal rotation deficit was found in 10 (39 %) patients and posttraumatic osteoarthritis occurred in 6 (23 %) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open fixation yielded good or excellent shoulder function in 20 out of the 26 (77 %) patients and the clinical outcome primarily depended on the underlying type of fracture. Significantly inferior outcomes should be expected in patients with multi-fragment fractures. The main complications were subscapularis insufficiency and posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland. dirk.maier@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izadpanah
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Langenmair
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Sportorthopädie Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ogon
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Südkamp
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaeger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D061165:Glenoid Cavity / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070799:Open Fracture Reduction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012540:Scapula / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Acute anterior glenoid rim fracture; Clinical and radiological results; Complications; Influencing factors; Open fixation