title: Exenatide Activates the APPL1-AMPK-PPARα Axis to Prevent Diabetic Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect and mechanism of the exenatide on diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into control group, diabetes group (D), diabetes treated with insulin (DI) group, and diabetes treat with exenatide (DE) group. We detected apoptosis rate by TUNEL, the adiponectin and high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) by ELISA, and the expression of APPL1, p-AMPK/T-AMPK, PPARα, and NF-κB by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the D group, the apoptosis in the Control and DE groups was decreased (P < 0.05); the adiponectin and HMW-adiponectin were increased (P < 0.05); the APPL1, p-AMPK/T-AMPK, PPARα, and LV -dP/dt were increased (P < 0.05); and the NF-κB, GRP78, and LVEDP were decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with DE group, the glucose levels in the DI group were similar (P < 0.05); the apoptosis and LVEDP were increased; the APPL1, p-AMPK/T-AMPK, PPARα, and LV -dP/dt were decreased (P < 0.05); the NF-κB and GRP78 were increased (P < 0.05); the adiponectin and HMW-adiponectin were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our model of diabetic cardiomyopathy was constructed successfully. After being treated with exenatide, the adiponectin and HMW-adiponectin and the APPL1-AMPK-PPARα axis were increased, the NF-κB and the apoptosis were decreased, the cardiac function of the diabetic rats was improved, and these effects were independent of glucose control.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: XiaoTian
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: QiNan
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: XiaGuang
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Deng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: WuQuan
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bing
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: ZiWen
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077270:Exenatide; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C515694:Appl1 protein, rat; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide; D000263:Adenylate Kinase