title: Trends in bariatric surgery from 2008 to 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is a global epidemic that has been increasing in prevalence. The only treatment method for durable weight loss is bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to observe trends in usage and outcomes of bariatric operations used in the United States from 2008 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis was performed on bariatric surgery admissions from 2008 to 2012 based off of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Data were selected from using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision codes correlating to bariatric procedures for the purpose of obesity. Annual estimates and trends were reviewed for patient demographics, procedure type, patient outcomes, and length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 598,756 bariatric procedures were examined. Laparoscopic gastric bypass was the most commonly used surgical method in 2008 (58.2%). A decreasing trend in its use, and the use of laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB), was equipoised with increasing use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Use of LSG accounted for 8.2% of procedures in 2011 and 39.6% in 2012. LGB and LSG had the lowest rates of complications, in-hospital morbidity and mortality, and the shortest LOS whereas open bypass and duodenal switch had the highest rates of complications, in-hospital morbidity and mortality, and longest LOSs. Overall rates of venous thromboembolism increased from .08% in 2008 to .215% in 2012. Respiratory complications decreased from 6.1% to 3.9%. There were no observed trends in rates of renal complications, visceral injury, bleeding, and infections. In-hospital morbidity decreased, whereas mortality rates were stable at .1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utilization of bariatric procedures has reached a plateau in the United States. Changes in the composition of procedural types suggest that LSG has become a popular alternative to gastric bypass and LGB.
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo Medical Centerm, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
authors.forename: Sohaib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo Medical Centerm, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo Medical Centerm, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
authors.forename: Arunkumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baskara
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo Medical Centerm, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
authors.forename: Weikai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo Medical Centerm, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
authors.forename: Munier
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazzal
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo Medical Centerm, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA. Electronic address: jorge.ortiz@utoledo.edu.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Bariatric; Gastric bypass; Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; Obesity; Trends