title: Monitoring for the Management of Disease Risk in Animal Translocation Programmes.
abstract: Monitoring is best viewed as a component of some larger programme focused on science or conservation. The value of monitoring is determined by the extent to which it informs the parent process. Animal translocation programmes are typically designed to augment or establish viable animal populations without changing the local community in any detrimental way. Such programmes seek to minimize disease risk to local wild animals, to translocated animals, and in some cases to humans. Disease monitoring can inform translocation decisions by (1) providing information for state-dependent decisions, (2) assessing progress towards programme objectives, and (3) permitting learning in order to make better decisions in the future. Here we discuss specific decisions that can be informed by both pre-release and post-release disease monitoring programmes. We specify state variables and vital rates needed to inform these decisions. We then discuss monitoring data and analytic methods that can be used to estimate these state variables and vital rates. Our discussion is necessarily general, but hopefully provides a basis for tailoring disease monitoring approaches to specific translocation programmes.
authors.affiliation: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA. jnichols@usgs.gov.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Alaska Sea Life Center, Seward, AK, USA.|University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
authors.forename: Tuula E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hollmen
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, Auburn, AL, USA.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Grand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D006801:Humans
keywords: capture–recapture modelling; conservation decisions; disease risk; monitoring programme; occupancy modelling; translocation programmes