title: Glycomics expression analysis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans of human colorectal cancer tissues and non-neoplastic mucosa by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the presence of glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissues, since it has a central role in tumor development and progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissues were obtained from 64 operated patients who had colorectal carcinoma with no distant metastases. Expressions of heparan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate and their fragments were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, with the technique for extraction and quantification of glycosaminoglycans after proteolysis and electrophoresis. The statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, and Student'st test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The glycosaminoglycans extracted from colorectal tissue showed three electrophoretic bands in agarose gel. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed characteristic disaccharide fragments from glycosaminoglycans, indicating their structural characterization in the tissues analyzed. Some peaks in the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were not characterized as fragments of sugars, indicating the presence of fragments of the protein structure of proteoglycans generated during the glycosaminoglycan purification. The average amount of chondroitin and dermatan increased in the neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue (p=0.01). On the other hand, the average amount of heparan decreased in the neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue (p= 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method allowed the determination of the glycosaminoglycans structural profile in colorectal tissue from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissue. Neoplastic tissues showed greater amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate compared to non-neoplastic tissues, while heparan sulphate was decreased in neoplastic tissues.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Cleto
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marolla
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waisberg
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Tognini
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Reis
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Waisberg
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Beani
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Margeotto
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida da Silva
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pinhal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000032:analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D054794:Glycomics / Q000379:methods*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; C013786:A73025