title: Reconsidering the Resources Needed for Multiple Casualty Events: Lessons Learned From the Crash of Asiana Airlines Flight 214.
abstract: To date, a substantial portion of multiple casualty incident literature has focused exclusively on prehospital and emergency department resources needed for optimal disaster response. Thus, inpatient resources required to care for individuals injured in multiple casualty events are not well described.
  
  
  
  To highlight the resources beyond initial emergency department triage needed for multiple casualty events, using one of the largest commercial aviation disasters in modern US history as a case study.
  
  
  
  Prospective case series of injured individuals treated at an urban level I trauma center following the crash of Asiana Airlines flight 214 on July 6, 2013. This analysis was conducted between June 1, 2014, and December 1, 2015.
  
  
  
  Commercial jetliner crash.
  
  
  
  Medical records, imaging data, nursing overtime, blood bank records, and trauma registry data were analyzed. Disaster logs, patient injuries, and blood product data were prospectively collected during the incident.
  
  
  
  Among 307 people aboard the flight, 192 were injured; 63 of the injured patients were initially evaluated at San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center (the highest number at any of the receiving medical facilities; age range, 4-74 years [23 were aged <17 years and 3 were aged >60 years]; median injury severity score of 19 admitted patients, 9 [range, 9-45]), including the highest number of critically injured patients (10 of 12). Despite the high impact of the crash, only 3 persons (<1%) died, including 1 in-hospital death. Among the 63 patients, 32 (50.8%) underwent a computed tomographic imaging study, with imaging of the abdomen and pelvis being the most common. Sixteen of the 32 patients undergoing computed tomography (50.0%) had a positive finding on at least 1 scan. Nineteen patients had major injuries and required admission, with 5 taken directly from the emergency department to the operating room. The most frequent injury was spinal fracture (13 patients). In the first 48 hours, 15 operations were performed and 117 total units of blood products were transfused. A total of 370 nursing overtime hours were required to treat the injured patients on the day of the event.
  
  
  
  Proper disaster preparedness requires attention to hospital-level needs beyond initial emergency department triage. The Asiana Airlines flight 214 crash highlights the need to plan for high use of advanced imaging, blood products, operating room availability, nursing resources, and management of inpatient hospital beds.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Campion
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juillard
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: M Margaret
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Knudson
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Rochelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dicker
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Mitchell J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mackersie
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Andre R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Callcut
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000401:Aircraft; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004189:Disaster Planning; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D054527:Mass Casualty Incidents; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009873:Operating Rooms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult