title: The inhibitory effects of potassium chloride versus potassium silicate application on (137)Cs uptake by rice.
abstract: After the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company on 11 March 2011, potassium fertilizer was applied to agricultural fields in the southern Tohoku and northern Kanto regions of Japan to reduce the uptake of radiocesium by crops. In this study, we examined the effects of two types of potassium fertilizers, potassium chloride (a readily available potassium fertilizer) and potassium silicate (a slow-release potassium fertilizer), as well as a split application of potassium, on the accumulation of (137)Cs by rice plants in two pot experiments. The (137)Cs concentrations in the brown rice and in the above-ground plants were significantly lower after potassium chloride application than after potassium silicate application. The potassium ion (K(+)) concentrations in soil solutions sampled 9 and 21 d after transplanting were significantly higher for the potassium chloride application than for the potassium silicate application. The K(+) concentrations in soil solutions observed in the application of potassium silicate were similar to those in the treatment when no potassium was applied. This finding indicates that the application of potassium silicate did not sufficiently increase the available K(+) for rice plants in the soil, which led to a greater uptake of (137)Cs after the potassium silicate application than after the application of potassium chloride. The (137)Cs concentration in brown rice was higher in the split application of potassium fertilizer with the second application at the full heading stage than that without split application and the split application with the second application before heading.
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan. Electronic address: fujimu@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.affiliation: Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, 116 Shimonakamichi, Takakura-Aza, Hiwada-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0531, Japan. Electronic address: yoshioka_kunio_01@pref.fukushima.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan. Electronic address: tota@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan. Electronic address: tish@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, 116 Shimonakamichi, Takakura-Aza, Hiwada-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0531, Japan. Electronic address: sato_makoto_01@pref.fukushima.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, 116 Shimonakamichi, Takakura-Aza, Hiwada-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0531, Japan. Electronic address: satou_mutsuto_01@pref.fukushima.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Mutsuto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satou
mesh_terms: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D005308:Fertilizers; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D011189:Potassium Chloride
keywords: Brown rice; Potassium fertilizer; Radiocesium; Split application