title: Nanoscale Engineering of Designer Cellulosomes.
abstract: Biocatalysts showcase the upper limit obtainable for high-speed molecular processing and transformation. Efforts to engineer functionality in synthetic nanostructured materials are guided by the increasing knowledge of evolving architectures, which enable controlled molecular motion and precise molecular recognition. The cellulosome is a biological nanomachine, which, as a fundamental component of the plant-digestion machinery from bacterial cells, has a key potential role in the successful development of environmentally-friendly processes to produce biofuels and fine chemicals from the breakdown of biomass waste. Here, the progress toward so-called "designer cellulosomes", which provide an elegant alternative to enzyme cocktails for lignocellulose breakdown, is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to rational design via computational modeling coupled with nanoscale characterization and engineering tools. Remaining challenges and potential routes to industrial application are put forward.
authors.affiliation: Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Melissabye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunnoo
authors.affiliation: Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Pierre-André
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cazade
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), IMDEA Nanociencias and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galera-Prat
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, Bretagne, France.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czjzek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cieplak
authors.affiliation: Biopolis S.L., Parc Científic de la Universitat de Valencia, Edificio 2, C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, 46980, Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Abengoa, S.A., Palmas Altas, Calle Energía Solar nº 1, 41014, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Designer Energy Ltd., 2 Bergman St., Tamar Science Park, Rehovot, 7670504, Israel.
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karpol
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gaub
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), IMDEA Nanociencias and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrión-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.affiliation: Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
keywords: materials modeling; molecular dynamics calculations; nanobiomaterials; protein re-engineering; renewable energy