title: The development and validation of the Clinical Teaching Behavior Inventory (CTBI-23): Nurse preceptors' and new graduate nurses' perceptions of precepting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the perceptions of clinical teaching behaviors among both nurse preceptors and preceptees.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a Clinical Teaching Behavior Inventory (CTBI) for nurse preceptors' self-evaluation, and for new graduate nurse preceptee evaluation of preceptor clinical teaching behaviors and to test the validity and reliability of the CTBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used mixed research techniques in five phases. Phase I: based on a literature review, the researchers developed an instrument to measure clinical teaching behaviors. Phase II: 17 focus group interviews were conducted with 63 preceptors and 24 new graduate nurses from five hospitals across Taiwan. Clinical teaching behavior themes were extracted from the focus group data and integrated into the domains and items of the CTBI. Phase III: two rounds of an expert Delphi study were conducted to determine the content validity of the instrument. Phase IV: a total of 290 nurse preceptors and 260 new graduate nurses were recruited voluntarily in the same five hospitals in Taiwan. Of these, 521 completed questionnaires to test the construct validity of CTBI by using confirmatory factory analysis. Phase V: the internal consistency and reliability of the instrument were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CTBI consists of 23 items in six domains: (1) 'Committing to Teaching'; (2) 'Building a Learning Atmosphere'; (3) 'Using Appropriate Teaching Strategies'; (4) 'Guiding Inter-professional Communication'; (5) 'Providing Feedback and Evaluation'; and (6) 'Showing Concern and Support'. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded a good fit and reliable scores for the CTBI-23 model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CTBI-23 is a valid and reliable instrument for identifying the clinical teaching behaviors of a preceptor as perceived by preceptors and new graduate preceptees. The CTBI-23 depicts clinical teaching behaviors of nurse preceptors in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Allied Health Education, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee-Hsieh
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Nursing-Midwifery, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: chiehyu@ntunhs.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chieh-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Su-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yea-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Allied Health Education, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D003697:Delphi Technique; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005178:Faculty / Q000523:psychology*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013624:Taiwan; D013663:Teaching
keywords: Delphi technique; Factor analysis; Focus groups; Nursing education; Preceptorship; Scales; Taiwan