title: External calibration strategy for trace element quantification in botanical samples by LA-ICP-MS using filter paper.
abstract: The use of reference solutions dispersed on filter paper discs is proposed for the first time as an external calibration strategy for matrix matching and determination of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn in plants by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The procedure is based on the use of filter paper discs as support for aqueous reference solutions, which are further evaporated, resulting in solid standards with concentrations up to 250 μg g(-1) of each element. The use of filter paper for calibration is proposed as matrix matched standards due to the similarities of this material with botanical samples, regarding to carbon concentration and its distribution through both matrices. These characteristics allowed the use of (13)C as internal standard (IS) during the analysis by LA-ICP-MS. In this way, parameters as analyte signal normalization with (13)C, carrier gas flow rate, laser energy, spot size, and calibration range were monitored. The calibration procedure using solution deposition on filter paper discs resulted in precision improvement when (13)C was used as IS. The method precision was calculated by the analysis of a certified reference material (CRM) of botanical matrix, considering the RSD obtained for 5 line scans and was lower than 20%. Accuracy of LA-ICP-MS determinations were evaluated by analysis of four CRM pellets of botanical composition, as well as by comparison with results obtained by ICP-MS using solution nebulization after microwave assisted digestion. Plant samples of unknown elemental composition were analyzed by the proposed LA method and good agreement were obtained with results of solution analysis. Limits of detection (LOD) established for LA-ICP-MS were obtained by the ablation of 10 lines on the filter paper disc containing 40 μL of 5% HNO3 (v v(-1)) as calibration blank. Values ranged from 0.05 to 0.81  μg g(-1). Overall, the use of filter paper as support for dried aqueous standards showed to be a useful strategy for calibration and plant analysis by LA-ICP-MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97.105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus A G
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97.105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97.105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corazza
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97.105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erico M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97.105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: vdressler@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valderi L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dressler
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D010209:Paper; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Calibration; Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; Laser ablation; Plant samples