title: Metal based nanoparticles as cancer antigen delivery vehicles for macrophage based antitumor vaccine.
abstract: In the present study, we would like to evaluate the efficacy of modified metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as cancer antigen delivery vehicles for macrophage (MФs) based antitumor vaccine. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO NPs) were promising tools for delivery of antigens to antigen presenting cells and have induced an antitumor immune response. Synthesized CoO NPs were modified by N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid (PMIDA), facilitated the conjugation of lysate antigen, i.e. cancer antigen derived from lysis of cancer cells. The cancer cell lysate antigen conjugated PMIDA-CoO NPs (Ag-PMIDA-CoO NPs) successfully activated macrophage (MФ) evident by the increasing the serum IFN-γ and TNF-α level. Immunization of mice with the Ag-PMIDA-CoO NPs constructed an efficient immunological adjuvant induced anticancer IgG responses, and increased the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) response than only lysate antigen treated group to combat the cancer cell. The nanocomplexes enhanced the anticancer CD4(+)T cell response in mice. The result showed that Ag-PMIDA-CoO NPs can stimulate the immune responses over only lysate antigens, which are the most important findings in this study. These NP-mediated Ag deliveries may significantly improve the anticancer immune response by activating MФs and may act as adjuvant and will balance the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immunoresponse. The crosstalk between the activated MФ with other immune competent cells will be monitored by measuring the cytokines which illustrate the total immunological network setups.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
authors.forename: Balaram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
authors.forename: Satyajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.affiliation: Nano Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Panchanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramanik
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India. Electronic address: sroy.vu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Somenath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003035:Cobalt; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D010087:Oxides; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C105879:N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid; D010087:Oxides; D003035:Cobalt; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid; C060728:cobalt oxide
keywords: Antigen delivery; Cytokines; IgG; Immunotherapy; Metal oxide nanoparticles