title: The Masquelet technique of induced membrane for healing of bone defects. A review of 8 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Segmental defects of long bones are notoriously difficult to treat. This study evaluates eight cases in which the Masquelet technique of induced membranes was used. The primary purpose was to assess the results compared to other types of bone reconstruction and share our tips and tricks to improve the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study based on patient records and radiographs. Eight patients operated between 2011 and 2014 were included. Three had infected non-unions. Outcome measures were time-to full weight-bearing, time to radiographic consolidation, need for secondary bone grafting procedures and occurrence of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to full weight bearing seemed shorter in patients treated with nails. In two cases only partial radiographic consolidation was noted at the latest follow up visit. One patient needed secondary bone grafting and two limbs were malaligned. There were no amputations, no persistent infections, and no implant failures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The induced membrane technique is a useful tool to substitute bone loss yet consolidation time is somewhat unpredictable and prolonged non-weight bearing is required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nailing seems to improve outcome compared to plating. It shortens treatment time, reduces the amount of bone graft needed, aligns the bone and should be considered when feasible. Further larger scale studies are welcome to throw more light into the efficacy and effectiveness of this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Limb Reconstruction unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: ulrik.kaehler@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ulrik Kähler
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eckardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bosemark
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Limb Reconstruction unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders Wallin
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Limb Reconstruction unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Benny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Limb Reconstruction unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hede
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001858:Bone Nails; D001860:Bone Plates; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000009:adverse effects; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: Masquelet; bone defects; bone infection; induced membranes; nailing; open fracture; posttraumatic infected non union