title: Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Multivariate Analysis, and Antimicrobial Activity.
abstract: The chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activities of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter essential oil was studied. Moreover, using agglomerative hierarchical cluster (AHC) and principal component analyses (PCA), the interrelationships of the D. graveolens essential-oil profiles characterized so far (including the sample from this study) were investigated. To evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil, GC-FID and GC/MS analyses were performed. Altogether, 54 compounds were identified, accounting for 92.9% of the total oil composition. The D. graveolens oil belongs to the monoterpenoid chemotype, with monoterpenoids comprising 87.4% of the totally identified compounds. The major components were borneol (43.6%) and bornyl acetate (38.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that the compounds borneol and bornyl acetate exerted the greatest influence on the spatial differences in the composition of the reported oils. The antimicrobial activity against five bacterial and one fungal strain was determined using a disk-diffusion assay. The studied essential oil was active only against Gram-positive bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, SR-18000 Niš, (phone: +381-63-1094273; fax: +381-18-533014). violetamitic@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mitic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, SR-18000 Niš, (phone: +381-63-1094273; fax: +381-18-533014).
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stankov Jovanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, SR-18000 Niš, (phone: +381-63-1094273; fax: +381-18-533014).
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ilic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, SR-18000 Niš, (phone: +381-63-1094273; fax: +381-18-533014).
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, SR-18000 Niš, (phone: +381-63-1094273; fax: +381-18-533014).
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, SR-18000 Niš, (phone: +381-63-1094273; fax: +381-18-533014).
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC); Antimicrobial activity; Dittrichia graveolens; Essential oil; Principal component analyses (PCA)