title: Genetic Modification of the Relationship between Parental Rejection and Adolescent Alcohol Use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parenting practices are associated with adolescents' alcohol consumption, however not all youth respond similarly to challenging family situations and harsh environments. This study examines the relationship between perceived parental rejection and adolescent alcohol use, and specifically evaluates whether youth who possess greater genetic sensitivity to their environment are more susceptible to negative parental relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimated a series of regression models predicting alcohol use during adolescence. A multiplicative interaction term between parental rejection and a genetic index was constructed to evaluate this potential gene-environment interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results from logistic regression analyses show a statistically significant gene-environment interaction predicting alcohol use. The relationship between parental rejection and alcohol use was moderated by the genetic index, indicating that adolescents possessing more 'risk alleles' for five candidate genes were affected more by stressful parental relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feelings of parental rejection appear to influence the alcohol use decisions of youth, but they do not do so equally for all. Higher scores on the constructed genetic sensitivity measure are related to increased susceptibility to negative parental relationships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA johnstogner@uncc.edu.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stogner
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, PO Box 117330, Gainesville, FL 32611-7330, USA.
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C581293:DRD2 protein, human; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; C579458:monoamine oxidase A, human