title: Simultaneous Multi-plane Imaging of Neural Circuits.
abstract: Recording the activity of large populations of neurons is an important step toward understanding the emergent function of neural circuits. Here we present a simple holographic method to simultaneously perform two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal populations across multiple areas and layers of mouse cortex in vivo. We use prior knowledge of neuronal locations, activity sparsity, and a constrained nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm to extract signals from neurons imaged simultaneously and located in different focal planes or fields of view. Our laser multiplexing approach is simple and fast, and could be used as a general method to image the activity of neural circuits in three dimensions across multiple areas in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: wy2221@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Weijian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Jae-Eun Kang
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Reid
authors.affiliation: Center for Computational Biology, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Statistics, Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, and Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Eftychios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pnevmatikakis
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Statistics, Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, and Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Liam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paninski
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuste
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Darcy S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Peterka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium