title: Ten-year longitudinal change in aortic stiffness assessed by cardiac MRI in the second half of the human lifespan: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Longitudinal determinants of aortic stiffness (AS) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have not been assessed in a large community-based population. Our aim was to examine the determinants of change in thoracic AS over 10 years of follow-up in a multi-ethnic population of individuals 45 years of age and older measured by MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 1160 participants (mean age = 60 ± 9 years at baseline, 45% male) with aortic MRI at both the MESA Year 0 and Year 10 examinations. Ascending and descending aorta distensibility (AAD/DAD) and aortic arch pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were measured using MRI. Determinants of the change in AS parameters over 10 years were assessed using linear regression adjusted for baseline values, demographic variables, baseline risk factors and change in risk factors, and chronic risk exposure. AAD and DAD decreased slightly (5% decrease in median for AAD: 1.33-1.26 mmHg(-1) · 10(-3), P = 0.008; 5% decrease in median for DAD: 1.73-1.64 mmHg(-1) · 10(-3), P < 0.001), and PWV increased over 10 years (18% increase in median: 6.8-8.0 m/s P < 0.001). Baseline age was related to a reduction in AAD and DAD and an increase in PWV throughout the follow-up period. Baseline and change in mean blood pressure and continued smoking were associated with a reduction in AAD and an increase in PWV. Furthermore, baseline heart rate was also related to a reduction in AAD and DAD. Blood pressure normalization was related to less aortic stiffening throughout the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our longitudinal, community-based cohort study of adult individuals aged 45 years or greater, greater mean blood pressure and a history of smoking history were associated with increased aortic stiffening over 10 years as assessed by MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolf Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolf Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA Department of Radiology, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teixido-Tura
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Bharath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ambale-Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolf Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolf Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Atul R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chugh
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Chia-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: LIB INSERM UMRS-1146 and Cardiovascular Imaging Department DICVRI, Cardiology Institute, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, ICAN, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redheuil
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: R Brandon
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Antoinette S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Herbron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Colin O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: W Gregory
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolf Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA jlima@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Joao A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: aortic distensibility; aortic stiffness; cardiovascular risk; magnetic resonance imaging; pulse-wave velocity