title: Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the unionid mussel Lasmigona costata in a river receiving wastewater effluent.
abstract: Freshwater mussels are frequently found in rivers receiving effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and there is strong evidence that poor water quality is deleterious to freshwater mussel populations. WWTPs are among the main sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface waters. We monitored 145 PPCPs in wild and caged mussels both upstream and downstream of the Kitchener WWTP in the Grand River, Ontario, as well as 118 PPCPs in water samples. Our objectives were to characterize the seasonal changes in PPCP concentrations in water, to calculate bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PPCPs in mussels, and to determine the chemical and physical properties of PPCPs driving the bioaccumulation. Seventy PPCPs were detected in water, and concentrations were highest in the summer or early fall, which corresponded to low river flow. Forty-three PPCPs from many pharmaceutical classes were detected in mussel tissues, including stimulants, a contrasting agent, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-bacterial agents, antibiotics, antidepressants, antihistamines, progestins, and illicit drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines. The BAFs ranged from 0.66 for metformin to 32,022 for sertraline. Using partial least squares to predict BAFs based upon chemical properties, log KOC, Log KOW, and fugacity ratio (sediment) all had similar and positive loadings with BAFs (R(2)X = 0.70; caged mussels). BAFs of PPCPs in mussels were predictable from fugacity models that estimate bioconcentration factors using log KOW. Our study demonstrated that mussels readily bioaccumulate PPCPs, in a manner consistent with expectations based upon BCF models and the chemical characteristics of each compound.
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. Electronic address: shane.desolla@canada.ca.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: de Solla
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: È A M
authors.initials: ÈA
authors.lastname: Gilroy
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Klinck
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McInnis
authors.affiliation: Great Lakes Water Quality Monitoring and Ecosystem Health, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struger
authors.affiliation: Great Lakes Water Quality Monitoring and Ecosystem Health, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Backus
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gillis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D009864:Ontario; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D049876:Unionidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Lasmigona costata; Mussels; Pharmaceuticals; Wastewater