title: Development of a novel mixed hemimicelles dispersive micro solid phase extraction using 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide coated magnetic graphene for the separation and preconcentration of fluoxetine in different matrices before its determination by fiber optic linear array spectrophotometry and mode-mismatched thermal lens spectroscopy.
abstract: This study aims at developing a novel, sensitive, fast, simple and convenient method for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of fluoxetine before its spectrophotometric determination. The method is based on combination of magnetic mixed hemimicelles solid phase extraction and dispersive micro solid phase extraction using 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide coated magnetic graphene as a sorbent. The magnetic graphene was synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The retained analyte was eluted using a 100 μL mixture of methanol/acetic acid (9:1) and converted into fluoxetine-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The analyte was then quantified by fiber optic linear array spectrophotometry as well as mode-mismatched thermal lens spectroscopy (TLS). The factors affecting the separation, preconcentration and determination of fluoxetine were investigated and optimized. With a 50 mL sample and under optimized conditions using the spectrophotometry technique, the method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.4-60.0 μg L(-1), a detection limit of 0.21 μg L(-1), an enrichment factor of 167, and a relative standard deviation of 2.1% and 3.8% (n = 6) at 60 μg L(-1) level of fluoxetine for intra- and inter-day analyses, respectively. However, with thermal lens spectrometry and a sample volume of 10 mL, the method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.05-300 μg L(-1), a detection limit of 0.016 μg L(-1) and a relative standard deviation of 3.8% and 5.6% (n = 6) at 60 μg L(-1) level of fluoxetine for intra- and inter-day analyses, respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulation, human urine and environmental water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Haji Shabani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran. Electronic address: sdadfarnia@yazd.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Shayessteh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadfarnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Laser and Optics Research School, 14155-1339, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rashidian Vaziri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behjat
mesh_terms: D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007093:Imidazoles; D008280:Magnetics; D008823:Micelles; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C528275:1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide; D007093:Imidazoles; D008823:Micelles; D005473:Fluoxetine
keywords: Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction; Fluoxetine; Ionic liquid; Magnetic graphene; Mixed hemimicelles solid phase extraction; Mode-mismatched thermal lens spectroscopy