title: Negative urgency mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and problems with alcohol and cannabis in late adolescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood maltreatment is an important risk factor for problems with alcohol and other drugs such as cannabis. Although this link has been well established, the mechanisms in this association require further study. High levels of impulsivity and difficulties with emotion regulation are often associated with childhood maltreatment. Negative urgency--an emotion-based facet of impulsivity--is a strong predictor of substance use problems and may be a particularly relevant facet of impulsivity in the link between childhood maltreatment and alcohol and cannabis outcomes. However, few studies have examined the specific mediational pathway from childhood maltreatment to alcohol and cannabis problems through negative urgency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that the associations between history of childhood maltreatment and current alcohol and cannabis problems would be mediated by negative urgency, but not other facets of impulsivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N=232), who were in late adolescence (mean age=19.75), completed self-report measures of different facets of impulsivity, past childhood maltreatment, and current alcohol and cannabis use and problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In analyses including several facets of impulsivity as simultaneous mediators, negative urgency was the only facet to mediate the associations of childhood maltreatment severity with alcohol and cannabis problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide support for negative urgency as a unique mediator of the associations between childhood maltreatment and both alcohol and cannabis problems, suggesting that future work on mechanisms in these associations should focus on mood-based impulsivity.
authors.affiliation: Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada. Electronic address: Jeffrey.Wardell@camh.ca.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wardell
authors.affiliation: Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada. Electronic address: nicolestrang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Strang
authors.affiliation: Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: Christian.Hendershot@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hendershot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Addiction; Childhood maltreatment; Childhood trauma; Impulsivity; Negative urgency