title: Chemical and toxicological effects of medicinal Baccharis trimera extract from coal burning area.
abstract: The entire process of power generation, extraction, processing and use of coal strongly impact water resources, soil, air quality and biota leads to changes in the fauna and flora. Pollutants generated by coal burning have been contaminating plants that grow in area impacted by airborne pollution with high metal contents. Baccharis trimera is popularly consumed as tea, and is widely developed in Candiota (Brazil), one of the most important coal burning regions of the Brazil. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profile, in vivo genotoxic and mutagenic potential of extracts of B. trimera collected from an exposed region to pollutants generated by coal burning (Candiota City) and other unexposed region (Bagé City), using the Comet assay and micronucleus test in mice and the Salmonella/microsome short-term assay. The HPLC analyses indicated higher levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids for B. trimera aqueous extract from Bagé and absence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for both extracts. The presence of toxic elements such as cobalt, nickel and manganese was statistically superior in the extract from Candiota. For the Comet assay and micronucleus test, the mice were treated with Candiota and Bagé B. trimera aqueous extracts (500-2000 mg/kg). Significant genotoxicity was observed at higher doses treated with B. trimera aqueous extract from Candiota in liver and peripheral blood cells. Micronuclei were not observed but the results of the Salmonella/microsome short-term assay showed a significant increase in TA98 revertants for B. trimera aqueous extract from Candiota. The extract of B. trimera from Candiota bioacumulated higher levels of trace elements which were associated with the genotoxic effects detected in liver and peripheral blood cells.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Região da Campanha (URCAMP), Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula S
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada (PPGGTA.MP), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: juliana.silva@ulbra.br.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada (PPGGTA.MP), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Picada
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alice G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada (PPGGTA.MP), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dione S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada (PPGGTA.MP), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suziane M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Premoli
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Johnny F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada (PPGGTA.MP), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: alexandre.ferraz@ulbra.br.
authors.forename: Alexandre de B F
authors.initials: Ade B
authors.lastname: Ferraz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031175:Baccharis; D001938:Brazil; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003031:Coal; D020552:Comet Assay; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Baccharis trimera; Coal; Genotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Pollution; Trace elements