title: Using Molecular Networking for Microbial Secondary Metabolite Bioprospecting.
abstract: The oceans represent an understudied resource for the isolation of bacteria with the potential to produce novel secondary metabolites. In particular, actinomyces are well known to produce chemically diverse metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. This study characterised spore-forming bacteria from both Scottish and Antarctic sediments to assess the influence of isolation location on secondary metabolite production. Due to the selective isolation method used, all 85 isolates belonged to the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with the majority of isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces. Based on morphology, thirty-eight isolates were chosen for chemical investigation. Molecular networking based on chemical profiles (HR-MS/MS) of fermentation extracts was used to compare complex metabolite extracts. The results revealed 40% and 42% of parent ions were produced by Antarctic and Scottish isolated bacteria, respectively, and only 8% of networked metabolites were shared between these locations, implying a high degree of biogeographic influence upon secondary metabolite production. The resulting molecular network contained over 3500 parent ions with a mass range of m/z 149-2558 illustrating the wealth of metabolites produced. Furthermore, seven fermentation extracts showed bioactivity against epithelial colon adenocarcinoma cells, demonstrating the potential for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from these understudied locations.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK. kep@pml.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Purves
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK. lynsey.macintyre@strath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lynsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macintyre
authors.affiliation: Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK. debra.brennan@sams.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Matis, Vinlandsleið 12, Reykjavik 113, Iceland. gudmundo@matis.is.|Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. gudmundo@matis.is.
authors.forename: Guðmundur Ó
authors.initials: GÓ
authors.lastname: Hreggviðsson
authors.affiliation: Matis, Vinlandsleið 12, Reykjavik 113, Iceland. eva.kuttner@matis.is.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuttner
authors.affiliation: Matis, Vinlandsleið 12, Reykjavik 113, Iceland. margreteva@matis.is.
authors.forename: Margrét E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ásgeirsdóttir
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK. louise.young@strath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Louise C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK. david.green@sams.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK. ruangelie.edra-ebel@strath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ruangelie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edrada-Ebel
authors.affiliation: Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK. katherine.duncan@sams.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Katherine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Duncan
keywords: Antarctica; bacteria; bioprospecting; molecular networking; secondary metabolites