title: Refraction data survey: 2nd generation correlation of myopia.
abstract: The objective herein is to provide refraction data, myopia progression rate, prevalence, and 1st and 2nd generation correlations, relevant to whether myopia is random or inherited. First- and second-generation ocular refraction data are assembled from N = 34 families, average of 2.8 children per family. From this group, data are available from N = 165 subjects. Inter-generation regressions are performed on all the data sets, including correlation coefficient r, and myopia prevalence [%]. Prevalence of myopia is [M] = 38.5 %. Prevalence of high myopes with |R| >6 D is [M-] = 20.5 %. Average refraction is <R> = -1.84 D ± 3.22 (N = 165). For the high myopes, |R| >6 D, prevalence for the parents is [M-] = 25 %, for the 2nd generation [M-] = 16.5 %. Average myopia level for the high myopes, both generations, is <S> = -7.52 D ± 1.31 D (N = 33). Regression parameters are calculated for all the data sets, yielding correlation coefficients in the range r = 0.48-0.72 for some groups of myopes and high myopes, fathers to daughters, and mothers to sons. Also of interest, some categories show essentially no correlation, -0.20 < r < 0.20, indicating that the refractive errors occur randomly. Time series results show myopia diopter rates = -0.50 D/year.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering, B.G.K.T. Consulting Ltd., Huntington, NY, 11743, USA. prgreeneBGKT@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005190:Family; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D009216:Myopia; D015995:Prevalence; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Diopter rates; Emmetropia; Inter-generational correlation; Myopia; Progressive myopia; Refraction