title: Beak and feather disease virus genotypes in Australian parrots reveal flexible host-switching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discover beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) genotypes in Australian parrots that might threaten vulnerable and endangered psittacine bird species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phylogenetic analyses of new DNA sequence data from Australian birds including the Rep gene (n = 55) and nine whole genomes, were compared with all available published BFDV genomes to assess host- and geographically-based divergence as well as probable host-switch events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong support for flexible host-switching and recombination was detected, indicating active cross-species transmission in various subpopulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggested that all endangered Australian psittacine bird species are equally likely to be infected by BFDV genotypes from any other close or distantly related host reservoir species.
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.|Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.|Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Forwood
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.|Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ghorashi
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.|Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. shraidal@csu.edu.au.|Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. shraidal@csu.edu.au.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Raidal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000662:veterinary; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D005838:Genotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011563:Psittaciformes / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: birds; circovirus; host generalism; key threatening process; psittacine beak and feather disease; viral quasispecies; viral recombination