title: Advances in treatment strategies for ischemia reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) involves a complex sequence of events and limits the outcome of various surgical interventions. Clinical trials, based on the data of experimental models, aim to prove whether a pharmacological or technical approach could be suitable to provide a beneficial effect in humans. Due to the complexity of IRI, few pharmacological treatments have been investigated in clinical Phase III.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review we report clinical trials that test specific drugs in clinical trials of organ transplantation. These studies form part of Phase II trials and examine the administration of caspase inhibitors, P-selectin antagonist or an antioxidant component in order to attenuate cold IRI during transplantation. Moreover, we provide a brief description of drugs tested on trials of different clinical situations associated to IRI, such as the coronary artery bypass graft surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future clinical trials could be centered on the application of techniques suitable for organs with increased vulnerability toward IRI. Furthermore, the standardization of reliable biomarkers and a careful estimation of the impact of high risk factors may be the key in order to achieve a more critical evaluation of the obtained results.
authors.affiliation: a Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit , Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pantazi
authors.affiliation: a Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit , Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bejaoui
authors.affiliation: a Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit , Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Folch-Puy
authors.affiliation: b AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse , Centre Hepato-Biliaire, Univ Paris-Sud Villejuif , Paris , France.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: a Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit , Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roselló-Catafau
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D050377:Cold Ischemia / Q000009:adverse effects; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D019007:P-Selectin; C546937:SELP protein, human
keywords: Clinical trial; inflammation; ischemia-reperfusion injury; suboptimal grafts