title: Controlling harmful algae blooms using aluminum-modified clay.
abstract: The performances of aluminum chloride modified clay (AC-MC), aluminum sulfate modified clay (AS-MC) and polyaluminum chloride modified clay (PAC-MC) in the removal of Aureococcus anophagefferens were compared, and the potential mechanisms were analyzed according to the dispersion medium, suspension pH and clay surface charges. The results showed that AC-MC and AS-MC had better efficiencies in removing A.anophagefferens than PAC-MC. The removal mechanisms of the three modified clays varied. At optimal coagulation conditions, the hydrolysates of AC and AS were mainly monomers, and they transformed into Al(OH)3(am) upon their addition to algae culture, with the primary mechanism being sweep flocculation. The PAC mainly hydrolyzed to the polyaluminum compounds, which remained stable when added to the algae culture, and the flocculation mainly occurred through polyaluminum compounds. The suspension pH significantly influenced the aluminum hydrolysate and affected the flocculation between the modified clay and algae cells.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: caoxh@qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xihua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zyu@qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiuxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000077215:Clay; D005427:Flocculation; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000187:drug effects*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C016213:aluminum oxychloride; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000535:Aluminum; D000077215:Clay
keywords: Aluminum-modified clay; Dispersion medium; HABs control; Removal mechanism; Surface charge; Suspension pH