title: Neural stem cells sustain natural killer cells that dictate recovery from brain inflammation.
abstract: Recovery from organ-specific autoimmune diseases largely relies on the mobilization of endogenous repair mechanisms and local factors that control them. Natural killer (NK) cells are swiftly mobilized to organs targeted by autoimmunity and typically undergo numerical contraction when inflammation wanes. We report the unexpected finding that NK cells are retained in the brain subventricular zone (SVZ) during the chronic phase of multiple sclerosis in humans and its animal model in mice. These NK cells were found preferentially in close proximity to SVZ neural stem cells (NSCs) that produce interleukin-15 and sustain functionally competent NK cells. Moreover, NK cells limited the reparative capacity of NSCs following brain inflammation. These findings reveal that reciprocal interactions between NSCs and NK cells regulate neurorepair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.|Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.|Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Wei-Na
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Cava
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Kaer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.|Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Fu-Dong
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020127:Recovery of Function
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019409:Interleukin-15