title: Degradation of benzophenone-3 by the ozonation in aqueous solution: kinetics, intermediates and toxicity.
abstract: Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a popular ultraviolet absorbing chemical and has an adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health. We determined the reaction kinetic constants of BP-3 and its de-proton pattern reacting with the molecular ozone or hydroxyl radical (·OH) for the first time. The obtained constant of the molecular ozone reacting with BP-3 or BP-3(-) was 1.03(±0.21) × 10(2) or 1.85(±0.098) × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. And, the constant for BP-3 reacting with ·OH was 9.74(±0.21) × 10(9) or 10.13(±0.25) × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) as using 4-chlorobenzoic acid and benzotriazole as reference compounds, respectively. The intermediates generated in the molecular ozone (12 kinds) or ·OH oxidation (18 kinds) were identified by LC-MS/MS. The removal efficiency of BP-3 in ozonation was dependent on the initial concentration of ozone, BP-3, and matrix water quality. The detoxification of BP-3 ozonation was depended on initial ozone dose using Chlorella vulgaris as the probe. Higher ozone dose increased the toxicity of the solution for more BP-3 being degraded and more intermediates formed, suggesting that the sole ozonation is not an effect approach for the degradation of BP-3 and some other energy should be combined.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiaoxin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China. xbb_hit@126.com.
authors.forename: Bingbing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China. qifei@bjfu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects; D002723:Chlorobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012996:Solutions; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D002723:Chlorobenzoates; D012996:Solutions; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014230:Triazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D010126:Ozone; C012771:benzotriazole; C005290:oxybenzone; C040768:4-chlorobenzoic acid
keywords: Benzophenone-3; Hydroxyl radical; Intermediates; Ozonation; Reaction kinetics; Toxicity