title: Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of moroxydine hydrochloride in gibel carp, Carassius gibelio after oral administration.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of moroxydine hydrochloride were studied in gibel carp at water temperature of 15 and 25 °C. Samples (blood, skin, muscle, liver, and kidney) were collected over 10 days after the treatment and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. The results indicated that the influence of water temperature on the metabolism of the drug was significant. The plasma concentration-time data of moroxydine hydrochloride conformed to single-compartment open model at the two water temperatures. There were higher absorption rate (t1/2ka ) and longer elimination half-lives (t1/2ke ) at 15 °C (4.29 and 15.87 h, respectively) compared with those at 25 °C (3.02 and 4.22 h, respectively). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) and the time-point of maximum plasma concentration (Tp ) were 2.98 μg/mL and 10.35 h at 15 °C and 3.12 μg/mL and 4.03 h at 25 °C, respectively. The distribution volume (Vd /F) of moroxydine hydrochloride was estimated to be 4.55 L/kg at 15 °C and 2.89 L/kg at 25 °C. The total body clearance (CLb ) of moroxydine hydrochloride was determined to be 0.25 and 0.49 L/(h·kg) at 15 °C and 25 °C, respectively; the areas under the concentration-time curve were 75.89 μg·h/mL at 15 °C and 42.33 μg·h/mL at 25 °C. The depletion of moroxydine hydrochloride in gibel carp was slower with a longer half-life period, especially at lower water temperature that was tested.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001645:Biguanides; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D009025:Morpholines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001645:Biguanides; D009025:Morpholines; C005267:moroxydine