title: Development of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) to measure the oral health-related quality of life of young people with malocclusion: part 1 - qualitative inquiry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To seek the views of adolescents with malocclusion about how the appearance and arrangement of their teeth affects their everyday life and to incorporate these views into a new Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 30 young people (10-16 years) referred for orthodontic treatment to two dental teaching hospitals. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using framework analysis. Several themes and sub themes were identified and these were used to identify items to include in the new measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three themes emerged which were: concerns about the appearance of their teeth, effect on social interactions and oral health/function. Participants expressed the view that their teeth did not look normal, causing them embarrassment and a lack of confidence, particularly when they were with their peers or having their photograph taken. Concerns regarding the potential effect of a malocclusion on oral health, in terms of food becoming stuck between crooked teeth, interferences when chewing and increased risk of damaging the teeth were also identified. The themes were used to generate individual items for inclusion in the questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common themes relating to the impact of malocclusion on the lives of young people were identified and generated items for the new MIQ to measure the oral health-related quality of life of young people with malocclusion. Part 2 outlines the further development and testing of the MIQ.
authors.affiliation: a Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH Foundation Trust , UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: a Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH Foundation Trust , UK.
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.affiliation: b Academic Unit of Dental Public Health, School of Clinical Dentistry , University of Sheffield , UK.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: c Academic Unit of Oral Health and Development, School of Clinical Dentistry , University of Sheffield , UK.
authors.forename: Philip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.affiliation: b Academic Unit of Dental Public Health, School of Clinical Dentistry , University of Sheffield , UK.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marshman
authors.affiliation: d Orthodontic Department , University College London Eastman Dental Institute , UK.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion; D009909:Oral Health; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Impact; malocclusion; oral health quality of life; orthodontics