title: Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater: identifying and mapping paralogs in salmonids.
abstract: Many eukaryotic genomes contain a large fraction of gene duplicates (or paralogs) as a result of ancient or recent whole-genome duplications (Ohno 1970; Jaillon et al. 2004; Kellis et al. 2004). Identifying paralogs with NGS data is a pervasive problem in both ancient polyploids and neopolyploids. Likewise, paralogs are often treated as a nuisance that has to be detected and removed (Everett et al. 2012). In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Waples et al. (2015) show that exclusion might not be necessary and how we may miss out on important genomic information in doing so. They present a novel statistical approach to detect paralogs based on the segregation of RAD loci in haploid offspring and test their method by constructing linkage maps with and without these duplicated loci in chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Fig.1). Their linkage map including the resolved paralogs shows that these are mostly located in the distal regions of several linkage groups. Particularly intriguing is their finding that these homoeologous regions appear impoverished in transposable elements (TE). Given the role that TE play in genome remodelling, it is noteworthy that these elements are of low abundance in regions showing residual tetrasomic inheritance. This raises the question whether re-diploidization is constrained in these regions and whether they might have a role to play in salmonid speciation. This study provides an original approach to identifying duplicated loci in species with a pedigree, as well as providing a dense linkage map for chum salmon, and interesting insights into the retention of gene duplicates in an ancient polyploid.
authors.affiliation: Département de biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada, G5L3A1.
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dufresne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D023281:Genomics; D011123:Polyploidy; D012487:Salmonidae
keywords: aquaculture; bioinfomatics/phyloinfomatics; ecological genetics; fish; genomics/proteomics; molecular evolution