title: The Female Post-Mating Response Requires Genes Expressed in the Secondary Cells of the Male Accessory Gland in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Seminal proteins from the Drosophila male accessory gland induce post-mating responses (PMR) in females. The PMR comprise behavioral and physiological changes that include increased egg laying, decreased receptivity to courting males, and changes in the storage and use of sperm. Many of these changes are induced by a "sex peptide" (SP) and are maintained by SP's binding to, and slow release from, sperm. The accessory gland contains two secretory cell types with distinct morphological and developmental characteristics. Products of these "main" and "secondary" cells work interdependently to induce and maintain the PMR. To identify individual genes needed for the morphology and function of secondary cells, we studied iab-6(cocu) males, whose secondary cells have abnormal morphology and fail to provide products to maintain the PMR. By RNA-seq, we identified 77 genes that are downregulated by a factor of >5× in iab-6(cocu) males. By functional assays and microscopy, we tested 20 candidate genes and found that at least 9 are required for normal storage and release of SP in mated females. Knockdown of each of these 9 genes consequently leads to a reduction in egg laying and an increase in receptivity over time, confirming a role for the secondary cells in maintaining the long-term PMR. Interestingly, only 1 of the 9 genes, CG3349, encodes a previously reported seminal fluid protein (Sfp), suggesting that secondary cells may perform essential functions beyond the production and modification of known Sfps. At least 3 of the 9 genes also regulate the size and/or abundance of secondary cell vacuoles, suggesting that the vacuoles' contents may be important for the machinery used to maintain the PMR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sitnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gligorov
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland mariana.wolfner@cornell.edu francois.karch@unige.ch.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 mariana.wolfner@cornell.edu francois.karch@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Mariana F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-9505
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wolfner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D017344:Genes, Insect; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins
keywords: Drosophila; gene expression; gene regulation; reproduction; sex peptide