title: Controlled Study of Obesity Among Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder.
abstract: Despite numerous studies regarding obesity (OB) in adult bipolar disorder (BP), there are few studies on this topic among adolescents. The current study attempts to extend the literature on prevalence and correlates of OB in adolescent BP by including control participants, and determining OB by direct measurement.
  
  
  
  Participants were 75 treatment-seeking adolescents, ages 13-19 years, with BP-I, -II, or -not otherwise specified, and 47 adolescents without major psychiatric illness. Diagnoses and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present and Lifetime version (KSADS-PL). Family psychiatric history was assessed using the Family History Screen. OB was defined as adjusted body-mass index ≥95th percentile. Variables associated with OB in univariate analyses informed variable selection for within-group logistic regression analysis among BP adolescents.
  
  
  
  BP participants had a significantly higher rate of OB (18%) compared to controls (4%; χ2= 5.3; p = 0.02). BP remained a significant predictor for OB when controlling for race (odds ratio [OR] = 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-24.0, p = 0.04). In univariate analyses among BP adolescents, OB was significantly associated with suicide attempt, self-injurious behavior, and oppositional defiant disorder. In multivariable analyses, suicide attempt and antidepressants that were not selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were significantly associated with OB.
  
  
  
  OB is excessively prevalent among adolescents with BP and is associated with proxies for illness severity, including suicide attempts. Additional research is warranted to identify strategies to prevent and treat OB among BP adolescents, and to elucidate processes underlying the elevated risk of suicide attempts.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mindra
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Timmins
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swampillai
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Antonette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scavone
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Katelyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Collinger
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: adolescent; bipolar disorder; mood; obesity; overweight; youth