title: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-IL): a seed-transmissible geminivirus in tomatoes.
abstract: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most well-known tomato-infecting begomoviruses and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Seed transmission has previously been reported for some RNA viruses, but TYLCV has not previously been described as a seed-borne virus. In 2013 and 2014, without whitefly-mediated transmission, TYLCV was detected in young tomato plants germinated from fallen fruits produced from TYLCV-infected tomato plants in the previous cultivation season. In addition, TYLCV-Israel (TYLCV-IL) was also detected in seeds and their seedlings of TYLCV-infected tomato plants that were infected by both viruliferous whitefly-mediated transmission and agro-inoculation. The seed infectivity was 20-100%, respectively, and the average transmission rate to seedlings was also 84.62% and 80.77%, respectively. TYLCV-tolerant tomatoes also produced TYLCV-infected seeds, but the amount of viral genome was less than seen in TYLCV-susceptible tomato plants. When tomato plants germinated from TYLCV-infected seeds, non-viruliferous whiteflies and healthy tomato plants were placed in an insect cage together, TYLCV was detected from whiteflies as well as receiver tomato plants six weeks later. Taken together, TYLCV-IL can be transmitted via seeds, and tomato plants germinated from TYLCV-infected seeds can be an inoculum source of TYLCV. This is the first report about TYLCV seed transmission in tomato.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Eui-Joon
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kil
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunhoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.|Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565-851, Korea.
authors.forename: Ye-Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Jungho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Haneul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565-851, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Seok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Kyoung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Bureau, Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yesan 340-861, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565-851, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Kwang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biological Resources Research Center, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Andong 760-891, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong-Yeoll
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565-851, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Sukchan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D053839:Begomovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D016679:Genome, Viral; D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000821:virology; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014774:Virulence