title: Role of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) Signaling in Bladder Cancer Stemness and Tumorigenesis.
abstract: Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway has emerged as a critical component of bladder development, cancer initiation, and progression. While the role of Shh signaling in bladder development is well documented, its role in bladder cancer progression is uncertain. Additionally, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified to promote bladder cancer progression in the initial stages and also contribute to drug resistance in the later stage and ultimately metastasis. We speculate that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and Shh fuel the carcinogenesis process. This review presents the most recent studies focusing on the role of Shh signaling in bladder cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. sislam83@kfshrc.edu.sa.|Cancer Biology and Experimental Therapeutic Section, Division of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. sislam83@kfshrc.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Islam S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. akbari_pedram@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Akbari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedram
authors.affiliation: Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. walid.farhat@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Walid A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Farhat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins
keywords: Bladder cancer; Regenerative medicine; Sonic hedgehog signaling