title: Effect of nitrous oxide on fentanyl consumption in burned patients undergoing dressing change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thermal injuries and injured areas management are important causes of pain in burned patients, requiring that these patients are constantly undergoing general anesthesia for dressing change. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has analgesic and sedative properties; it is easy to use and widely available. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of N2O combined with fentanyl in burned patients during dressing change.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval by the institutional Ethics Committee, 15 adult burned patients requiring daily dressing change were evaluated. Patient analgesia was controlled with fentanyl 0.0005% administered by intravenous pump infusion on-demand. Randomly, in one of the days a mixture of 65% N2O in oxygen (O2) was associated via mask, with a flow of 10 L/min (N2O group) and on the other day only O2 under the same flow (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant pain reduction was seen in N2O group compared to control group. VAS score before dressing change was 4.07 and 3.4, respectively, in N2O and control groups. Regarding pain at the end of the dressing, patients in N2O group reported pain severity of 2.8; while the control group reported 2.87. There was no significant difference in fentanyl consumption in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of N2O was not effective in reducing opioid consumption during dressing changes.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: arthurhalley@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arthur Halley Barbosa
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: do Vale
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério Luiz da Rocha
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Videira
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: David Souza
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria José Carvalho
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sara Yume
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tsuchie
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flório
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Fachini
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vane
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central do HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irimar de Paula
authors.initials: Ide P
authors.lastname: Posso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001458:Bandages; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen; D005283:Fentanyl
keywords: Burns; Debridement; Desbridamento; Dor; Nitrous oxide; Pain; Óxido nitroso