title: Antagonism or synergism between papaya ringspot virus and papaya mosaic virus in Carica papaya is determined by their order of infection.
abstract: Antagonism between unrelated plant viruses has not been thoroughly described. Our studies show that two unrelated viruses, papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) produce different symptomatic outcomes during mixed infection depending on the inoculation order. Synergism occurs in plants infected first with PRSV or in plants infected simultaneously with PRSV and PapMV, and antagonism occurs in plants infected first with PapMV and later inoculated with PRSV. During antagonism, elevated pathogenesis-related (PR-1) gene expression and increased reactive oxygen species production indicated the establishment of a host defense resulting in the reduction in PRSV titers. Polyribosomal fractioning showed that PRSV affects translation of cellular eEF1α, PR-1, β-tubulin, and PapMV RNAs in planta, suggesting that its infection could be related to an imbalance in the translation machinery. Our data suggest that primary PapMV infection activates a defense response against PRSV and establishes a protective relationship with the papaya host.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chávez-Calvillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Contreras-Paredes
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mora-Macias
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Noa-Carrazana
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Angélica A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Serrano-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF.
authors.forename: Tzvetanka D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Dinkova
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Tripp
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato. Electronic address: lsilva@ira.cinvestav.mx.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silva-Rosales
mesh_terms: D029441:Carica / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D017863:Potexvirus / Q000502:physiology*; D017800:Potyvirus / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Antagonism; PRSV; PapMV; Synergism; Virus-plant interactions