title: Skeletal anomaly assessment in diploid and triploid juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and the effect of temperature in freshwater.
abstract: Triploid Atlantic salmon tend to develop a higher prevalence of skeletal anomalies. This tendency may be exacerbated by an inadequate rearing temperature. Early juvenile all-female diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon were screened for skeletal anomalies in consecutive experiments to include two size ranges: the first tested the effect of ploidy (0.2-8 g) and the second the effect of ploidy, temperature (14 °C and 18 °C) and their interaction (8-60 g). The first experiment showed that ploidy had no effect on skeletal anomaly prevalence. A high prevalence of opercular shortening was observed (average prevalence in both ploidies 85.8%) and short lower jaws were common (highest prevalence observed 11.3%). In the second experiment, ploidy, but not temperature, affected the prevalence of short lower jaw (diploids > triploids) and lower jaw deformity (triploids > diploids, highest prevalence observed 11.1% triploids and 2.7% diploids) with a trend indicating a possible developmental link between the two jaw anomalies in triploids. A radiological assessment (n = 240 individuals) showed that at both temperatures triploids had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower number of vertebrae and higher prevalence of deformed individuals. These findings (second experiment) suggest ploidy was more influential than temperature in this study.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amoroso
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia.|Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cobcroft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004171:Diploidy; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005618:Fresh Water; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013696:Temperature; D057885:Triploidy
keywords: Atlantic salmon; aquaculture; lower jaw deformity; opercular shortening; triploid; vertebral deformities