title: Internet-based treatment for Romanian adults with panic disorder: protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing a Skype-guided with an unguided self-help intervention (the PAXPD study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy of self-help internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for anxiety disorders has been confirmed in several randomized controlled trials. However, the amount and type of therapist guidance needed in ICBT are still under debate. Previous studies have shown divergent results regarding the role of therapist guidance and its impact on treatment outcome. This issue is central to the development of ICBT programs and needs to be addressed directly. The present study aims to compare the benefits of regular therapist guidance via online real-time audio-video communication (i.e. Skype) to no therapist guidance during a 12-week Romanian self-help ICBT program for Panic Disorder. Both treatments are compared to a waiting-list control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel group randomized controlled trial is proposed. The participants, 192 Romanian adults fulfilling diagnostic criteria for panic disorder according to a diagnostic interview, conducted via secured Skype or telephone, are randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: independent use of the internet-based self-help program PAXonline, the same self-help treatment with regular therapist support via secured Skype, and waiting-list control group. The primary outcomes are severity of self-report panic symptoms (PDSS-SR) and diagnostic status (assessors are blind to group assignment), at the end of the intervention (12 weeks) and at follow-up (months 3 and 6). The secondary measures address symptoms of comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, quality of life, adherence and satisfaction with ICBT. Additional measures of socio-demographic characteristics, personality traits, treatment expectancies, catastrophic cognitions, body vigilance and working alliance are considered as potential moderators and/ or mediators of treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first effort to investigate the efficacy of a self-help internet-based intervention with therapist guidance via real-time video communication. A direct comparison between therapist guided versus unguided self-directed intervention for panic disorder will also be addressed for the first time. Findings from this study will inform researchers and practitioners about the added value of online video-therapy guidance sessions and the type of patients who may benefit the most from guided and unguided ICBT for Panic disorder.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACTRN12614000547640 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry). Registered 22/05/2014.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. amalia.ciuca@psy.unibe.ch.|Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. amalia.ciuca@psy.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Amalia Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ciuca
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. thomas.berger@ptp.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. liviucrisan@psychology.ro.
authors.forename: Liviu George
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Crişan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. mirceamiclea@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mircea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miclea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012383:Romania; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome