title: Altered gene expression of the innate immune, neuroendocrine, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) systems is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in military personnel.
abstract: Whole transcriptome analysis provides an unbiased examination of biological activity, and likely, unique insight into the mechanisms underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid depression and traumatic brain injury. This study compared gene-expression profiles in military personnel with PTSD (n=28) and matched controls without PTSD (n=27) using HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (Affymetrix), which contain 54,675 probe sets representing more than 38,500 genes. Analysis of expression profiles revealed 203 differentially expressed genes in PTSD, of which 72% were upregulated. Using Partek Genomics Suite 6.6, differentially expressed transcription clusters were filtered based on a selection criterion of ≥1.5 relative fold change at a false discovery rate of ≤5%. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen) of the differentially expressed genes indicated a dysregulation of genes associated with the innate immune, neuroendocrine, and NF-κB systems. These findings provide novel insights that may lead to new pharmaceutical agents for PTSD treatments and help mitigate mental and physical comorbidity risk.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guardado
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Anlys
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivera
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for The Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive #100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Service University of the Health Science, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lejbman
authors.affiliation: University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Nursing, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
authors.forename: Hwyunhwa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: gillj@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B
keywords: Gene expression; Innate immune; NF-κB; Neuroendocrine; PTSD; Trauma