title: On the accuracy and precision of cardiac magnetic resonance T2mapping: A high-resolution radial study using adiabatic T2preparation at 3 T.
abstract: The goal of this study was to characterize the accuracy and precision of cardiac T2mapping as a function of different factors including low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), imaging in systole, and off-resonance frequencies.
  
  
  
  Bloch equation and Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the influence of SNR and the choice of T2preparation echo time (TET2prep) increments on the accuracy and precision of high-resolution radial cardiac T2mapping at 3.0 T. Healthy volunteers were scanned to establish the difference in precision and inter- and intraobserver variability between T2mapping in diastole and systole, as well as the effect of SNR and off-resonance frequencies on the accuracy of T2maps.
  
  
  
  The simulations demonstrated that a TET2prepincrement of ∼0.75 times the T2value of interest optimally increases the precision of the T2fit. Systolic T2maps were found to have a higher precision (P = 0.002), but similar inter- and intraobserver variability compared with diastolic T2maps, whereas off-resonance frequencies beyond ± 100 Hz cause a significant decrease in both accuracy and precision (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  This evaluation of the accuracy and precision of cardiac T2mapping characterizes the major vulnerabilities of the technique and will help guide protocol definition of studies that include T2mapping. Magn Reson Med 77:159-169, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Wajiha
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bano
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feliciano
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coristine
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuber
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ruud B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: van Heeswijk
mesh_terms: D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
keywords: T2 mapping; accuracy; diastole; numerical simulation; off-resonance; precision; signal-to-noise ratio; systole; tissue characterization