title: Success of Maxillary Alveolar Defect Repair in Rats Using Osteoblast-Differentiated Human Deciduous Dental Pulp Stem Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of cell-based therapies represents one of the most advanced methods for enhancing the regenerative response in craniofacial abnormalities. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells, isolated from deciduous teeth, for reconstructing maxillary alveolar defects in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human deciduous dental pulp stem cells were isolated and stimulated to differentiate into osteoblasts in culture media. Maxillary alveolar defects were created in 60 Wistar rats by a surgical procedure. Then, on the basis of the type of graft used to repair the bone defect, the rats were divided into 6 equal groups: groups 1 and 2, transplantation of iliac bone graft; groups 3 and 4, transplantation of stem cells derived from deciduous dental pulp in addition to collagen matrix; groups 5 and 6, transplantation of just collagen matrix. Then, fetal bone formation, granulation tissue, fibrous tissue, and inflammatory tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 1 month (groups 1, 3, and 5) and 2 months (groups 2, 4, and 6) after surgery, and data were analyzed and compared using the Fisher exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum fetal bone formation occurred in group 2, in which iliac bone graft was inserted into the defect area for 2 months; there also were significant differences among the groups for bone formation (P = .009). In the 1-month groups, there were no significant differences between the control and stem cell-plus-scaffold groups. There were significant differences between the 2-month groups for fetal bone formation only between the control and scaffold groups (P = .026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that human dental pulp stem cells are an additional cell resource for repairing maxillary alveolar defects in rats and constitute a promising model for reconstruction of human maxillary alveolar defects in patients with cleft lip and palate.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Arezoo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jahanbin
authors.affiliation: DDS, MSc in Orthodontics, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Roozbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rashed
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Daryoush Hamidi
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Alamdari
authors.affiliation: General Dentist and Research Scholar, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: nkoohestanian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Niloufar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koohestanian
authors.affiliation: Researcher, Ghaem Hospital, Clinical Research Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ezzati
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemian
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saghafi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Arya Hospital, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raisolsadat
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003094:Collagen; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen