title: A Search for Blood Biomarkers for Autism: Peptoids.
abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. In order to identify individuals with ASD and initiate interventions at the earliest possible age, biomarkers for the disorder are desirable. Research findings have identified widespread changes in the immune system in children with autism, at both systemic and cellular levels. In an attempt to find candidate antibody biomarkers for ASD, highly complex libraries of peptoids (oligo-N-substituted glycines) were screened for compounds that preferentially bind IgG from boys with ASD over typically developing (TD) boys. Unexpectedly, many peptoids were identified that preferentially bound IgG from TD boys. One of these peptoids was studied further and found to bind significantly higher levels (>2-fold) of the IgG1 subtype in serum from TD boys (n = 60) compared to ASD boys (n = 74), as well as compared to older adult males (n = 53). Together these data suggest that ASD boys have reduced levels (>50%) of an IgG1 antibody, which resembles the level found normally with advanced age. In this discovery study, the ASD1 peptoid was 66% accurate in predicting ASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: Sayed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: Umar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: Bharathi S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gadad
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hynan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.affiliation: Johnson Center for Child Health and Development, Austin TX.
authors.forename: Nichole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roatch
authors.affiliation: Johnson Center for Child Health and Development, Austin TX.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schutte
authors.affiliation: University of Texas, Austin TX.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nathan Marti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.|Johnson Center for Child Health and Development, Austin TX.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hewitson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.
authors.forename: Dwight C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: German
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D034444:Peptoids / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D034444:Peptoids