title: Antibacterial efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sanguinarine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration.
abstract: Sanguinarine (SA), with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities against fish pathogens, exhibits great potential commercial use in aquaculture. However, little information on pharmacokinetics of SA restricts further application in aquaculture. In this study, pharmacokinetics of SA in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration [10 mg kg(-1) BW (body weight)] was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak concentration (Cmax ) of SA in kidney was 11.8 μg g(-1) , which was higher than in other tissues and plasma. The terminal half-life in fish tissue and plasma was as follows: 42.3 h (kidney) > 37.2 h (liver) > 20.1 h (gill) > 18.8 h (muscle) > 10.9 h (spleen) > 10.0 h (plasma). Additionally, we determined the bacterial loads in tissues of common carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila after i.p. administration of SA at 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) BW. The results showed that i.p. administration of SA at 10 mg kg(-1) BW significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy against A. hydrophila, where the antibacterial ratio in the gill, kidney, spleen and liver on day 5 was 95.13%, 93.33%, 90.09% and 92.82%, respectively. Overall, these results suggested the potential of SA to treat A. hydrophila infection in common carp farming industry.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: The Station of Fishery Management, Yiwu City Water Conservancy Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Yiwu, China.
authors.forename: Z-Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: G-X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D017756:Aquaculture; D053119:Benzophenanthridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002347:Carps; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal / Q000662:veterinary; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D007546:Isoquinolines; C005705:sanguinarine
keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila; Cyprinus carpio; antibacterial efficacy; high-performance liquid chromatography; pharmacokinetic evaluation; sanguinarine