title: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of copper oxychloride in cultured human lymphocytes using cytogenetic and molecular tests.
abstract: The genotoxicity of copper oxychloride was investigated in human lymphocytes using chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests and the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction technique. The lymphocytes were treated with 3, 6, and 12 µg/mL of copper oxychloride for 24 and 48 h. Copper oxychloride increased CA and abnormal cells in a dose-dependent manner. The frequency of MN and micronucleated binuclear cells also increased at all concentrations and treatment periods. However, copper oxychloride cytotoxicity, observed through lower mitotic and nuclear division index, was significantly lower only at the higher concentrations (6 and 12 µg/mL). Copper oxychloride increased the polymorphic bands and decreased genomic template stability. In conclusion, in this study it was confirmed that copper oxychloride has genotoxic potential for human lymphocytes in vitro. Additionally, caution is advised for its use as a fungicide, because it may increase the risk of exposure through the food chain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Adiyaman School of Health, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.affiliation: Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Letters, Avrasya University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buyukleyla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Adiyaman University, 02040, Adiyaman, Turkey. erencuzogullari@adiyaman.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Eyyup
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rencuzogullari
keywords: Chromosome aberration; Copper oxychloride; Genotoxicity; Micronucleus; RAPD-PCR