title: Posttranscriptional and Translational Control of Gene Regulation in CD4+ T Cell Subsets.
abstract: The immune system is under strict regulatory control to ensure homeostasis of inflammatory responses, lying dormant when not needed but quick to act when called upon. Small changes in gene expression can lead to drastic changes in lineage commitment, cellular function, and immunity. Conventional assessment of these changes centered on the analysis of mRNA levels through a variety of methodologies, including microarrays. However, mRNA synthesis does not always correlate directly to protein synthesis and downstream functional activity. Work conducted in recent years has begun to shed light on the various posttranscriptional changes that occur in response to a dynamic external environment that a given cell type encounters. We provide a critical review of key posttranscriptional mechanisms (i.e., microRNA) and translational mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in the immune system, with a particular emphasis on these regulatory processes in various CD4(+) T cell subsets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; andFederation of Clinical Immunology Societies Center of Excellence, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Istomine
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; andFederation of Clinical Immunology Societies Center of Excellence, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pavey
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; andFederation of Clinical Immunology Societies Center of Excellence, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada ciro.piccirillo@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Ciriaco A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000276:immunology*; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs