title: Implantable neurotechnologies: bidirectional neural interfaces--applications and VLSI circuit implementations.
abstract: A bidirectional neural interface is a device that transfers information into and out of the nervous system. This class of devices has potential to improve treatment and therapy in several patient populations. Progress in very large-scale integration has advanced the design of complex integrated circuits. System-on-chip devices are capable of recording neural electrical activity and altering natural activity with electrical stimulation. Often, these devices include wireless powering and telemetry functions. This review presents the state of the art of bidirectional circuits as applied to neuroprosthetic, neurorepair, and neurotherapeutic systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. egreenw3@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greenwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. nthakor@jhu.edu.|Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. nthakor@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Nitish V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Thakor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057005:Bioengineering; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D019736:Prostheses and Implants
keywords: Electrical stimulation therapy; Motor prosthetics; Neuroprosthetics; Sensory feedback