title: Crystal Formation in Inflammation.
abstract: The formation and accumulation of crystalline material in tissues is a hallmark of many metabolic and inflammatory conditions. The discovery that the phase transition of physiologically soluble substances to their crystalline forms can be detected by the immune system and activate innate immune pathways has revolutionized our understanding of how crystals cause inflammation. It is now appreciated that crystals are part of the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including gout, silicosis, asbestosis, and atherosclerosis. In this review we discuss current knowledge of the complex mechanisms of crystal formation in diseased tissues and their interplay with the nutrients, metabolites, and immune cells that account for crystal-induced inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; email: franklin@uni-bonn.de , matthew.mangan@dzne.de , eicke.latz@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Bernardo S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; email: franklin@uni-bonn.de , matthew.mangan@dzne.de , eicke.latz@uni-bonn.de.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn 53175, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mangan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; email: franklin@uni-bonn.de , matthew.mangan@dzne.de , eicke.latz@uni-bonn.de.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn 53175, Germany.|Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.|Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
authors.forename: Eicke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001195:Asbestosis / Q000276:immunology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D003460:Crystallization; D006073:Gout / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D036103:Nanotechnology; D044367:Phase Transition; D012829:Silicosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1
keywords: air pollution; cardiovascular diseases; gout; interleukin-1; malaria; nanotechnology