title: Project ASPIRE: Spoken Language Intervention Curriculum for Parents of Low-socioeconomic Status and Their Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of a spoken language intervention curriculum aiming to improve the language environments caregivers of low socioeconomic status (SES) provide for their D/HH children with CI & HA to support children's spoken language development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasiexperimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two caregiver-child dyads of low-SES (as defined by caregiver education ≤ MA/MS and the income proxies = Medicaid or WIC/LINK) and children aged < 4.5 years, hearing loss of ≥ 30 dB, between 500 and 4000 Hz, using at least one amplification device with adequate amplification (hearing aid, cochlear implant, osseo-integrated device).
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral. Caregiver-directed educational intervention curriculum designed to improve D/HH children's early language environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in caregiver knowledge of child language development (questionnaire scores) and language behavior (word types, word tokens, utterances, mean length of utterance [MLU], LENA Adult Word Count (AWC), Conversational Turn Count (CTC)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases in caregiver questionnaire scores as well as utterances, word types, word tokens, and MLU in the treatment but not the control group. No significant changes in LENA outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results partially support the notion that caregiver-directed language enrichment interventions can change home language environments of D/HH children from low-SES backgrounds. Further longitudinal studies are necessary.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine †National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois ‡University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Medical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Dana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Suskind
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Kristin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Leffel
authors.forename: Marc W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suskind
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tannenbaum
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nevins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003479:Curriculum; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012923:Social Class; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States