title: Replicated divergence in cichlid radiations mirrors a major vertebrate innovation.
abstract: Decoupling of the upper jaw bones--jaw kinesis--is a distinctive feature of the ray-finned fishes, but it is not clear how the innovation is related to the extraordinary diversity of feeding behaviours and feeding ecology in this group. We address this issue in a lineage of ray-finned fishes that is well known for its ecological and functional diversity--African rift lake cichlids. We sequenced ultraconserved elements to generate a phylogenomic tree of the Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi cichlid radiations. We filmed a diverse array of over 50 cichlid species capturing live prey and quantified the extent of jaw kinesis in the premaxillary and maxillary bones. Our combination of phylogenomic and kinematic data reveals a strong association between biting modes of feeding and reduced jaw kinesis, suggesting that the contrasting demands of biting and suction feeding have strongly influenced cranial evolution in both cichlid radiations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA mcgee.matthew@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA brant@faircloth-lab.org.
authors.forename: Brant C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Faircloth
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Borstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Darrin Hulsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA michaelalfero@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Alfaro
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D023681:Cichlids / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007568:Jaw / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: evolutionary innovation; kinematics; ultraconserved elements