title: Small field detector correction factors kQclin,Qmsr (fclin,fmsr) for silicon-diode and diamond detectors with circular 6 MV fields derived using both empirical and numerical methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of radiotherapy fields smaller than 3 cm in diameter has resulted in the need for accurate detector correction factors for small field dosimetry. However, published factors do not always agree and errors introduced by biased reference detectors, inaccurate Monte Carlo models, or experimental errors can be difficult to distinguish. The aim of this study was to provide a robust set of detector-correction factors for a range of detectors using numerical, empirical, and semiempirical techniques under the same conditions and to examine the consistency of these factors between techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Empirical detector correction factors were derived based on small field output factor measurements for circular field sizes from 3.1 to 0.3 cm in diameter performed with a 6 MV beam. A PTW 60019 microDiamond detector was used as the reference dosimeter. Numerical detector correction factors for the same fields were derived based on calculations from a geant4 Monte Carlo model of the detectors and the Linac treatment head. Semiempirical detector correction factors were derived from the empirical output factors and the numerical dose-to-water calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PTW 60019 microDiamond was found to over-respond at small field sizes resulting in a bias in the empirical detector correction factors. The over-response was similar in magnitude to that of the unshielded diode. Good agreement was generally found between semiempirical and numerical detector correction factors except for the PTW 60016 Diode P, where the numerical values showed a greater over-response than the semiempirical values by a factor of 3.7% for a 1.1 cm diameter field and higher for smaller fields.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detector correction factors based solely on empirical measurement or numerical calculation are subject to potential bias. A semiempirical approach, combining both empirical and numerical data, provided the most reliable results.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland and Physics Department, St. Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin D6, Ireland.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: León-Vintró
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, St. Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin D6, Ireland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McClean
mesh_terms: D018130:Diamond; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012825:Silicon
chemical_list: D018130:Diamond; D012825:Silicon