title: Investigation of Multisequence Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Recurrent Tumor After Transurethral Resection for Bladder Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting local recurrence after transurethral resection for bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with bladder cancer with previous transurethral resection underwent bladder MRI incorporating T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and delayed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, followed by cystoscopy. Two radiologists (R1 and R2) evaluated examinations for suspicious findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven percent of patients had recurrent tumor at cystoscopy and biopsy. Using multisequence MRI, sensitivity and specificity were 67% and 81% for R1 and 73% and 62% for R2. Both readers missed 1 high-grade pathologic stage T1 recurrent tumor; otherwise, all missed tumors were low-grade pathologic stage Ta lesions. All false positives for R1 and 7 of 9 false positives for R2 were in patients receiving previous bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Furthermore, 40% to 50% of solitary abnormalities and 83% to 100% of multifocal abnormalities were tumor recurrences; 12% to 20% of smooth wall thickening, 50% to 75% of irregular wall thickening, and 88% to 100% of papillary masses were tumor recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although multisequence MRI exhibited moderate performance for detecting recurrent tumor, nearly all missed tumors were low grade and noninvasive.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Radiology and †Pathology, and ‡Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosenkrantz
authors.forename: Islamiat O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ego-Osuala
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khalef
authors.forename: Fang-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D003558:Cystoscopy; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA