title: Private and public modes of bicycle commuting: a perspective on attitude and perception.
abstract: Public bicycle-sharing initiatives can act as health enhancement strategies among urban populations. The aim of the study was to determine which attitudes and perceptions of behavioural control toward cycling and a bicycle-sharing system distinguish commuters with a different adherence to bicycle commuting.
  
  
  
  The recruitment process was conducted in 40 random points in Barcelona from 2011 to 2012. Subjects completed a telephone-based questionnaire including 27 attitude and perception statements. Based on their most common one-way commute trip and willingness to commute by bicycle, subjects were classified into Private Bicycle (PB), public bicycle or Bicing Bicycle (BB), Willing Non-bicycle (WN) and Non-willing Non-bicycle (NN) commuters. After reducing the survey statements through principal component analysis, a multinomial logistic regression model was obtained to evaluate associations between attitudinal and commuter sub-groups.
  
  
  
  We included 814 adults in the analysis [51.6% female, mean (SD): age 36.6 (10.3) years]. BB commuters were 2.0 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.7] less likely to perceive bicycle as a quick, flexible and enjoyable mode compared to PB. BB, WN and NN were 2.5 (95% CI = 1.46-4.24), 2.6 (95% CI = 1.53-4.41) and 2.3 times (95% CI = 1.30-4.10) more likely to perceive benefits of using public bicycles (bicycle maintenance and parking avoidance, low cost and no worries about theft and vandalism) than did PB.
  
  
  
  Willing non-bicycle and public-bicycle commuters had more favourable perception toward public-shared bicycles compared to private cyclists. Hence, public bicycles may be the impetus for those willing to start bicycle commuting, thereby increasing physical activity levels.
authors.affiliation: 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curto
authors.affiliation: 4 Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Nazelle
authors.affiliation: 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain 5 Physical Activity and Sports Sciences Department, Fundació Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donaire-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cole-Hunter
authors.affiliation: 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia-Aymerich
authors.affiliation: 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: 4 Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anaya
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of City & Regional Planning and Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: 7 Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jerrett
authors.affiliation: 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain mnieuwenhuijsen@creal.cat.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*