title: TVT ABBREVO: cadaveric study of tape position in foramen obturatum and adductor region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to describe fixation of the TVT ABBREVO and establish whether the tape penetrates through obturator muscles and membrane (obturator complex) into the adductor region and, if so, how far it penetrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight formalin-embalmed female cadavers were used to simulate TVT ABBREVO surgery (totalling 16 insertions). Following tape insertion, dissection was performed and ends of the tape were identified. In cases of penetration, the length of tape penetrating into the adductor region was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 16 cases, the tape ended in the obturator membrane in eight, in the internal obturator muscle in one, and penetrated through the obturator membrane into the external obturator muscle in five, where it remained. In two cases, it penetrated through the obturator internus muscle, obturator membrane and obturator externus muscle into the group of thigh adductors; one penetration was by 3 mm and the second by 10 mm. No contact with the obturator nerve or its branches was noted in any case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No TVT contact with the obturator nerve was noted; tape penetrated into the adductor region in two of the 16 cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Apolinarska 18, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hubka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nanka
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Apolinarska 18, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masata
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Apolinarska 18, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Apolinarska 18, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic. kamil@svabik.cz.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svabik
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D053825:Suburethral Slings
keywords: Anatomy; Cadaver study; Complications; Sling fixation; TVT ABBREVO; Urogynecology