title: HIV and smoking: associated risks and prevention strategies.
abstract: High rates of smoking among persons living with HIV (PLWH) may reduce the effectiveness of HIV treatment and contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. Factors associated with smoking in PLWH include mental health comorbidity, alcohol and drug use, health-related quality of life, smoking among social networks and supports, and lack of access to care. PLWH smokers are at a higher risk of numerous HIV-associated infections and non-HIV related morbidity, including a decreased response to antiretroviral treatment, impaired immune functioning, reduced cognitive functioning, decreased lung functioning, and cardiovascular disease. Seventeen smoking cessation interventions were identified, of which seven were randomized controlled trials. The most effective studies combined behavioral and pharmacotherapy treatments that incorporated comprehensive assessments, multiple sessions, and cognitive-behavioral and motivational strategies. Smoking cessation interventions that are tailored to the unique needs of diverse samples and incorporate strategies to reduce the risk of relapse are essential to advancing health outcomes in PLWH.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas School of Public Health, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Wanjiku
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kariuki
authors.affiliation: Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
authors.forename: Ngaruiya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kariuki
authors.affiliation: Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuchman
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work, The College of New Rochelle, New Rochelle, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Johnnie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lalanne
keywords: AIDS; HIV; health risks; smoking; smoking cessation interventions