title: The New World arenavirus Tacaribe virus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in infected cells.
abstract: The Arenaviridae is a diverse and growing family of viruses that already includes more than 25 distinct species. While some of these viruses have a significant impact on public health, others appear to be non-pathogenic. At present little is known about the host cell responses to infection with different arenaviruses, particularly those found in the New World; however, apoptosis is known to play an important role in controlling infection of many viruses. Here we show that infection with Tacaribe virus (TCRV), which is widely considered the prototype for non-pathogenic arenaviruses, leads to stronger induction of apoptosis than does infection with its human-pathogenic relative Junín virus. TCRV-induced apoptosis occurred in several cell types during late stages of infection and was shown to be caspase-dependent, involving the activation of caspases 3, 7, 8 and 9. Further, UV-inactivated TCRV did not induce apoptosis, indicating that the activation of this process is dependent on active viral replication/transcription. Interestingly, when apoptosis was inhibited, growth of TCRV was not enhanced, indicating that apoptosis does not have a direct negative effect on TCRV infection in vitro. Taken together, our data identify and characterize an important virus-host cell interaction of the prototypic, non-pathogenic arenavirus TCRV, which provides important insight into the growing field of arenavirus research aimed at better understanding the diversity in responses to different arenavirus infections and their functional consequences.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Svenja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groseth
authors.affiliation: University of St Andrews, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: University of St Andrews, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strecker
authors.affiliation: Institut für Immunologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.|Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006477:Arenaviruses, New World / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018051:Junin virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D014404:Tubulin; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D020169:Caspases; D002166:Camptothecin