title: Effect of salinity on regulation mechanism of neuroendocrine-immunoregulatory network in Litopenaeus vannamei.
abstract: The effects of low salinity (transferred from 31‰ to 26‰, 21‰, and 16‰) on the regulation pathways of neuroendocrine-immunoregulatory network were investigated in Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that the hormones (corticotrophin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone) and biogenic amines (dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine) concentrations in lower salinity groups increased significantly within 12 h. The gene expression of biogenic amine receptors showed that dopamine receptor D4 and α2 adrenergic receptor in lower salinity groups decreased significantly within 12 h, whereas the 5-HT7 receptor significantly increased within 1d. The second messenger synthetases (adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C) and the second messengers (cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate) of lower salinity groups shared a similar trend in which adenylyl cyclase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate reached the maximum at 12 h, whereas phospholipase C and cyclic guanosine monophosphate reached the minimum. The immune parameters (total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic activity, crustin expression, antibacterial activity, C-type lectin expression, hemagglutinating activity) in lower salinity groups decreased significantly within 12 h. Except for the total hemocyte count, all the parameters recovered to the control levels afterwards. Therefore, it may be concluded that the neuroendocrine-immunoregulatory network plays a principal role in adapting to salinity changes as the main center for sensing the stress and causes immune response in L. vannamei.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: panlq@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Luqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D054712:Salinity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Biogenic amine; Hormone; Immune response; Litopenaeus vannamei; Low salinity; Neuroendocrine-immunoregulatory network; Second messenger