title: The association between impaired glucose tolerance and soluble CD40 ligand: a 15-year prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L) levels in relation to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at population level.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is part of a prospective, population-based cohort study, carried out from 1990 to 2008 in northern Finland. Study members, born in 1935 and living in the City of Oulu, underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and measurement of plasma sCD40L at three different time points during the 15-year follow-up. The total number of study members who underwent OGTT was 768 at the baseline, 557 at the first and 467 at the second follow-up. SCD40L levels in patients with IGT were compared with those in subjects with normal glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (non-IGT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Geometric mean level of sCD40L was significantly higher in the IGT group compared with the non-IGT group at the baseline (0.42 vs. 0.27 ng/mL) and at the first follow-up (1.50 vs. 0.36 ng/mL) (repeated measures mixed models ANOVA, p < 0.05). At the second follow-up (age 72-73 years), however, the difference was not statistically significant (9.44 vs. 7.24 ng/mL). During the entire follow-up, the levels of sCD40L increased significantly both in IGT and non-IGT groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that plasma sCD40L level increases with age as well as there are elevated levels of plasma sCD40L in subjects with IGT compared with non-IGT. This may indicate an increased cardiovascular risk in older age and in subjects with IGT.
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.|Oulu Health Center, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannamari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Linna
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. kadri.suija@ut.ee.|Department of Family Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. kadri.suija@ut.ee.
authors.forename: Kadri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suija
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rajala
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karhu
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.|Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jokelainen
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.|Oulu Health Center, Oulu, Finland.|Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Sirkka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timonen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D023201:CD40 Ligand
keywords: CD40; Diabetes; Impaired glycose tolerance (IGT); Inflammation; Prediabetes