title: The effect of the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin on somatic indices and oxidative stress parameters in early stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the subchronic exposure of early stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to norfloxacin using morphometric data and oxidative stress parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subchronic toxicity test was performed on fertilized embryos of common carp according to the OECD Guidelines No. 210. Embryos were exposed to norfloxacin concentrations of 0.0001 (environmental), 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg.L(-1) for 34 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the test (day 34), significant (p<0.05) stimulation of development was observed in all experimental groups, in contrast to the control. Significantly greater (p<0.01) total body length was also observed in the group exposed to 10.0 mg.L(-1) of norfloxacin compared to the control. A significant increase in the activity of glutathione S-transferase in all carp exposed to norfloxacin concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg.L(-1) (p<0.01), and 5.0 mg.L(-1) (p<0.05) compared to control group was revealed. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly lower (p<0.01) in experimental carp exposed to a norfloxacin concentration of 10.0 mg.L(-1). In experimental carp exposed to a norfloxacin concentration of 0.0001 mg.L(-1), a significant increase (p<0.05) in glutathione reductase activity was found. Significant (p<0.01) decreases in the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the groups exposed to norfloxacin concentrations of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg.L(-1) were revealed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the results, we can conclude that norfloxacin has a negative impact on selected biochemical processes related to the production of reactive oxygen species in early-life stages of common carp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charvatova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zelinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dobsikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vlasta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stancova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zivna
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plhalova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blahova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sehonova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marsalek
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartoskova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prokes
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Piskorova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Svobodova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D049628:Body Size / Q000187:drug effects*; D002347:Carps / Q000196:embryology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000633:toxicity; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D009643:Norfloxacin