title: Spatial correlativity of atmospheric particulate components simultaneously collected in Japan.
abstract: The simultaneous sampling of total suspended particles was performed at 14 sites in Japan during July 2008-June 2009. The spatial correlativity of each particulate composition toward Osaka was obtained for nine selected sites to overview the chemical composition and geographical distribution of particulate components across a wide range of areas nationwide. The spatial correlatives of atmospheric particulate components were extended to an even wider range of areas up to 950 km distance (meso-alpha scale region, >200 km) for a far-reaching distance analysis unique in the literature. Overall, the spatial correlations of ionic species and both organic and elemental carbons were significant, suggesting their shared advections, including their long-range transport from East Asia. Although sulfate ions are widely dispersed across Japan, such is not necessarily correlated with organic and elemental carbon, possibly indicating that the sulfate emission source, including long-range transport, differs from that of carbonaceous particulates. By contrast, the characteristics of spatial correlatives of metallic constituents vary; for example, particulate Pb and Cd show a significantly wide range of spatial correlatives to Osaka, while Mn-though limited to cities neighboring Osaka-shows significant spatial correlations. Other metallic constituents showed no significant spatial correlatives, indicating the effects of local pollutants. Moreover, the extent of the spatial dispersion of the particulate components and the relationships among chemical components were analyzed via factor analysis to highlight the effects of long-range inflow and local original emissions. In this treatment, 13 particulate components among the 19 measured were implicated in long-range transport.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennoji, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan. k-funasaka@city.osaka.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funasaka
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennoji, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan.
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.affiliation: School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0092, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishikawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, 818-0135, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sera
authors.affiliation: Tottori Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 526-1 Minamidani, Yurihama-cho, Tohaku-gun, Tottori, 682-0704, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsurou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seiyama
authors.affiliation: Tottori Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 526-1 Minamidani, Yurihama-cho, Tohaku-gun, Tottori, 682-0704, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horasaki
authors.affiliation: University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arashidani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toriba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Nagoya City Institute for Environmental Sciences, 5-16-8 Toyoda, Nagoya, 457-0841, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumikazu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ikemori
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako City, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.|Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tonokura
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Organization, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, N19W12 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchicho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kokunai
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchicho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
authors.forename: Souleymane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coulibaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchicho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasei
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchicho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Elemental carbon; Ionic species; Metallic elements; Organic carbon; Spatial correlativity; Suspended particles