title: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: incidence and characteristics of persistent symptoms and future directions NCCTG N08C3 (Alliance).
abstract: Despite newer agents, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) continues to remain a distressing side effect to a proportion of patients undergoing systemic anti-cancer therapy.
  
  
  
  We recently performed an unplanned secondary analysis on a previously reported negative phase III trial (N08C3) looking at the efficacy of gabapentin/placebo in combination with dexamethasone and a 5HT3 receptor antagonist in the prevention of CINV for 413 patients undergoing regimens with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). In the current study, we attempted to better understand the higher than expected rate of overall patient satisfaction, despite a low complete response rate in both arms. Additionally, we looked at patient variables and their relationship to rates of CINV.
  
  
  
  Approximately one third of patients experienced more than mild nausea and reported scores on the Functional Living Index-Emesis that indicated interference with activities. Thirty-five percent reported nausea greater than 2.5 on a scale of 0 to 10 (0 being none), 19 % reported at least one emetic episode, and 49 % reported taking rescue medication. Nausea and vomiting on day 1, cisplatin therapy, and history of motion sickness significantly predicted delayed CINV. Age, combination chemotherapy (HEC with moderately emetogenic), and getting treatment for breast cancer predicted CINV on day 1.
  
  
  
  These data confirm previous reports that subgroups of patients may be more prone to acute and delayed CINV. Future CINV study design may benefit from a more individualized approach to CINV management, targeting those patients who are truly at risk for CINV despite continued drug development efforts.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kottschade
authors.affiliation: Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: Heartland Cancer Research CCOP, Missouri Baptist Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyss
authors.affiliation: Sanford NCI Community Oncology Research Program, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazurczak
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loprinzi
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls, Suite 2153, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. debbartn@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Characteristics; Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; Delayed nausea and vomiting; Incidence; Oncology