title: Interactions of ciprofloxacin (CIP), titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and natural organic matter (NOM) in aqueous suspensions.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate interactions of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) and natural organic matter (NOM) in aqueous suspensions. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of particles of TiO2 NP and NOM in the suspensions ranged from 113 to 255nm. During batch experiments the radioactivity resulting from (14)CIP was determined in the filtrate (filter pore size 100nm) by scintillation measurements. Up to 72h, no significant sorption of NOM to TiO2 NP was observed at a TiO2 NP concentration of 5mg/L. When the concentration of TiO2 NP was increased to 500mg/L, a small amount of NOM of 9.5%±0.6% was sorbed at 72h. The low sorption affinity of NOM on TiO2 NP surfaces could be explained by the negative charge of both components in alkaline media or by the low hydrophobicity of the NOM contents. At a TiO2 NP concentration of 5mgL(-1), the sorption of CIP on TiO2 NP was insignificant (TiO2 NP/CIP ratio: 10). When the TiO2 NP/CIP ratio was increased to 1000, a significant amount of 53.6%±7.2% of CIP was sorbed on TiO2 NP under equilibrium conditions at 64h. In alkaline media, CIP is present mainly as zwitterions which have an affinity to sorb on negatively charged TiO2 NP surfaces. The sorption of CIP on TiO2 NP in the range of TiO2 NP concentrations currently estimated for municipal wastewater treatment plants is estimated to be rather low. The Freundlich sorption coefficients (KF) in the presence of NOM of 2167L(n)mgmg(-n)kg(-1) was about 10 times lower than in the absence of NOM. This is an indication that the particle fraction of NOM<100nm could play a role as a carrier for ionic organic micro-pollutants as CIP.
authors.affiliation: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hannover, Germany; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Orléans, France. Electronic address: elke.fries@bgr.de.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.affiliation: Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crouzet
authors.affiliation: Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togola
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006812:Humic Substances; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013535:Suspensions; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006812:Humic Substances; D013535:Suspensions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Antibiotics; Nanomaterial; Organic matter; Pharmaceuticals; Sorption; Wastewater