title: Use of a Cumulative Risk Scale to Predict Poor Intellectual and Academic Outcomes in Childhood Epilepsy.
abstract: Discrete risk factors for poor outcomes in childhood epilepsy have been identified, but it is unclear whether the combined effect of several risk factors better predicts outcome. The Epilepsy Cumulative Risk Scale was developed to quantify cumulative risk for poor outcomes in childhood epilepsy. Participants included 156 clinic-referred children with epilepsy. The Epilepsy Cumulative Risk Scale was developed using variables previously associated with functional outcomes. Scale utility was examined through its association with intellectual and academic functioning. All Epilepsy Cumulative Risk Scale variables were significantly associated with functioning. The Total Score (ie, cumulative effect) was most strongly correlated with cognition and academic skills. A Total Score ≥ 5 had the best sensitivity and specificity for differentiating those at high risk for poor outcomes. The Epilepsy Cumulative Risk Scale shows promise as a practical, data-driven tool for quantification of cumulative risk for poor outcomes in childhood epilepsy and may be helpful in detecting those needing referral for additional services.
authors.affiliation: Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa Ramos
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Scarborough
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA salorio@kennedykrieger.org.
authors.forename: Cynthia F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Salorio
mesh_terms: D000073978:Academic Performance; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: academic; children; cumulative risk; epilepsy; intelligence; outcomes