title: Effect of both preoperative andpostoperative cryoceutical treatment on hemostasis and postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the hemostatic effects and the clinical outcomes of preoperative and postoperative cryoceutical treatment (C-tx) following total knee arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 patients received C-tx both preoperatively, and postoperatively. In the control group, 45 patients did not receive any C-tx. Amount of bloody drainage and verbal rating pain scores were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant difference in both the preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels and blood drainage (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the average verbally rated pain scores (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C-tx performed preoperatively and postoperatively for total knee arthroplasty is effective in decreasing perioperative and postoperative hemorrhage. However, it had no superior effect on the control of postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Üsküdar State Hospital İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin Eren
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Desteli
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Üsküdar State Hospital İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imren
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aydın
keywords: Cryotherapy; pain management; postoperative hemorrhage; total knee arthroplasty