title: Assisted Reproduction Causes Reduced Fetal Growth Associated with Downregulation of Paternally Expressed Imprinted Genes That Enhance Fetal Growth in Mice.
abstract: Alteration of intrauterine growth trajectory is linked to metabolic diseases in adulthood. In mammalian and, specifically, human species, pregnancies through assisted reproductive technology (ART) are associated with changes in intrauterine growth trajectory. However, it is still unclear how ART alters intrauterine growth trajectory, especially reduced fetal growth in early to midgestation. In this study, using a mouse model, it was found that ART procedures reduce fetal and placental growth at Embryonic Day 10.5. Furthermore, ART leads to decreased methylation levels at H19, KvDMR1, and Snrpn imprinting control regions in the placentae, instead of fetuses. Furthermore, in the placenta, ART downregulated a majority of parentally expressed imprinted genes, which enhance fetal growth, whereas it upregulated a majority of maternally expressed genes which repress fetal growth. Additionally, the expression of genes that regulate placental development was also affected by ART. ART also downregulated a majority of placental nutrient transporters. Disruption of genomic imprinting and abnormal expression of developmentally and functionally relevant genes in placenta may influence the placental development and function, which affect fetal growth and reprogramming.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China lbtn2000@126.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Shuqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xifeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jianlei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiuying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China fzsun_1962@126.com.
authors.forename: Fangzhen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China xhwang_1968@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D051379:Mice; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D010929:Placentation / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
keywords: assisted reproductive technology; genomic imprinting; intrauterine growth trajectory; nutrient transporters; placenta