title: Effects of pentoxifylline and platelet activating factor on sperm DNA damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pentoxifylline and platelet-activating factor (PAF) have been used to increase sperm motility in embryology laboratories. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether these agents pose sperm DNA damage using DNA sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following application of pentoxifylline and PAF, sperm samples of 50 individuals with different sperm parameters were compared to baseline in terms of DNA damage using SCD assay. Furthermore, the relationship between DNA damage and sperm parameters in predicting DNA damage was assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant increase in DNA damage was observed following application of PAF and pentoxifylline. Furthermore, DNA damage was significantly increased with application of pentoxifylline compared to PAF. Sperm motility was observed to be a statistically significant indicator in predicting alterations in DNA damage in baseline and subsequent to application of PAF and pentoxifylline independent of sperm concentration and morphology. Increased DNA damage was observed in both groups following application of pentoxifylline and PAF. Furthermore, the increase in DNA damage was higher in samples treated with pentoxifylline compared to samples treated with PAF. Thus, PAF seems to be more innocent in choosing viable sperm cells and in achieving sperm motility in the in vitro fertilization laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Bilim University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: evrimunsal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Evrim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Unsal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: volkanturan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Mikrogen Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: suleymanaktuna@mikrogenlab.com.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aktuna
authors.affiliation: Bilim University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: canan.hurdag@istanbulbilim.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurdag
authors.affiliation: Bilim University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: gamzebereketoglu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bereketoglu
authors.affiliation: Bilim University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: yaseminersoy4@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Canillioglu
authors.affiliation: Genart Woman Health and Reproductive Biotechnology Center, Turkey. Electronic address: draysunbaltaci@Gmail.Com.
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baltacı
authors.affiliation: Acıbadem Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Turkey. Electronic address: s_sarptas@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarp
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Acıbadem Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Turkey. Electronic address: rkarayalcin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karayalcin
authors.affiliation: Genart Woman Health and Reproductive Biotechnology Center, Turkey. Electronic address: halmacioglu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Batırbaygil
authors.affiliation: Bilim University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: volkanbaltaci@Yahoo.Com.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baltacı
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: DNA damage; Pentoxifylline; Platelet activating factor; Sperm; Sperm chromatin dispersion test