title: How many hours do people sleep in Bangladesh? A country-representative survey.
abstract: This study investigated total sleep time in the Bangladeshi population and identified the proportion of the population at greater risk of developing chronic diseases due to inadequate sleep. Using a cross-sectional survey, total sleep time was captured and analysed in 3968 respondents aged between 6 and 106 years in 24 (of 64) districts in Bangladesh. Total sleep time was defined as the hours of total sleep in the previous 24 h. We used National Sleep Foundation (2015) guidelines to determine the recommended sleep hours in different age categories. Less or more than the recommended total sleep time (in hours) was considered 'shorter' and 'longer' sleep time, respectively. Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and estimated risk of shorter and longer total sleep time. The mean (±standard deviation) total sleep time of children (6-13 years), teenagers (14-17 years), young adults and adults (18-64 years) and older adults (≥65 years) were 8.6 (±1.1), 8.1 (±1.0), 7.7 (±0.9) and 7.8 (±1.4) h, respectively, which were significantly different (P < 0.01). More than half of school-age children (55%) slept less than, and 28.2% of older adults slept longer than, recommended. Residents in all divisions (except Chittagong) in Bangladesh were less likely to sleep longer than in the Dhaka division. Rural populations had a 3.96× greater chance of sleeping for a shorter time than urban residents. The Bangladeshi population tends to sleep for longer and/or shorter times than their respective recommended sleep hours, which is detrimental to health.
authors.affiliation: Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.|James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Fakir M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Yunus
authors.affiliation: Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Safayet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tahera
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Fatema T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Jhohura
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis Control Programme, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Saifur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reja
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis Control Programme, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.|Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.|Disaster Environment and Climate Change Programme, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Akramul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mahfuzar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001459:Bangladesh; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic disease; global health; quality of life; risk; total sleep time