title: Development of a 2-Layer Double-Pump Dynamic Cardiac Phantom.
abstract: The conventional dynamic cardiac phantom used in the field of nuclear medicine has a structure for which the size of the external side of the heart (the outer membrane substituting the myocardial layer) is fixed and only the inner side (the inner membrane substituting the ventricle part) moves anteroposteriorly. Therefore, its usefulness in technical evaluation is limited. Hence, we developed a new dynamic cardiac phantom in which the outer and inner membranes freely move.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a SPECT/CT system, we performed validation by filling the myocardial layer of the dynamic cardiac phantom with solution and the ventricle part with contrast medium. We evaluated myocardial wall motions of 3 segments (basal, mid, and apical) by setting the stroke ratios at 20:20 and 10:10 (ventricle-to-myocardial layer ratio).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The myocardial wall motions (mean ± SD) at the stroke ratio of 20:20 were 7.50 ± 0.44, 11.15 ± 0.56, and 9.90 ± 0.24 mm in the basal, mid, and apical segments, respectively. The wall motions (mean ± SD) at the stroke ratio of 10:10 were 3.82 ± 0.43, 5.63 ± 0.39, and 4.53 ± 0.10 mm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our dynamic cardiac phantom, different movements could be induced in the myocardial wall by freely changing the stroke ratio. These results suggest that the use of this phantom can realize technical evaluation that presumes various clinical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Sumitomo Hospital, Radiological Technology, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan; and Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan hara-narihiro@sumitomo-hp.or.jp.
authors.forename: Hara
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narihiro
authors.affiliation: Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Onoguchi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Masahisa
authors.affiliation: Sumitomo Hospital, Radiological Technology, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Hojyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osamu
authors.affiliation: Sumitomo Hospital, Radiological Technology, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Kawaguchi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiroyuki
authors.affiliation: Sumitomo Hospital, Radiological Technology, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Murai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masakazu
authors.affiliation: Sumitomo Hospital, Radiological Technology, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Matsushima
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noriko
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D000072098:Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: SPECT/CT; dynamic cardiac phantom; gated myocardial SPECT; myocardial wall movement