title: Fresh from the Ornamental Garden: Hips of Selected Rose Cultivars Rich in Phytonutrients.
abstract: Morphological parameters (size, weight, color), the content of sugars, organic acids, lycopene, β-carotene, and phenolics were determined in hips of Rosa canina (RCA), Rosa sweginzowii (RSW), Rosa rugosa (RUG), and selected ornamental Rosa cultivars Fru Dagmar Hastrup (FDH), Repandia (REP), Veilchenblau (RVB), Aloha (RAL), Bonica (BON), and Golden Gate (RGG). Although traditionally used RCA hips contained the highest amount of cyanidin-3-glucoside (83 μg/g DW) and were the reddest (h° = 17.5), they did not stand out in other analyzed parameters. RGG climber had the biggest hips (8.86 g), which also contained highest sugar levels (50.9 g/100 g DW). RAL stood out as the cultivar rich in organic acids (33.9 g/100 g DW), mainly because of high quinic acid content (17.6 g/100g DW). FDH and RSW hips were characterized by particularly high ascorbic acid levels (4325 mg/100 g DW and 4711 mg/100 g DW). Other ornamental cultivars contained low amounts of ascorbic acid compared to the analyzed species. The phenolic profile was species/cultivars-specific. The greatest diversity of phenolic compounds was detected in RUG and FDH hips (55 and 54 different tentatively identified compounds with HPLC/MS). Flavanols represented the main phenolic class in most of the investigated species/cultivars and RGG hips contained the highest amount of catechin and proanthocyandin derivatives (15855 μg/g DW). Altogether RAL hips contained the highest quantity of phenolics (44746 μg/g DW) mainly due to high levels of hydrolysable tannins compared to other species/cultivars. Although small, hips of BON and REP were most abundant regarding β-carotene and lycopene content, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Vlasta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cunja
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikulic-Petkovsek
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Nika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jerneja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakopic
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Anka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veberic
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Franci
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stampar
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Biotechnical Faculty, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmitzer
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D027826:Rosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D019207:beta Carotene; D011801:Quinic Acid; D002338:Carotenoids; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: carotenoids; organic acids; phenolics; rose hip; sugars