title: β-glucan restores tumor-educated dendritic cell maturation to enhance antitumor immune responses.
abstract: Tumors can induce the generation and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in a tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor escape from immunological attack. Although dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines can initiate antitumor immune responses, tumor-educated dendritic cells (TEDCs) involved in the tolerance induction have attracted much attention recently. In this study, we investigated the effect of β-glucan on TEDCs and found that β-glucan treatment could promote the maturation and migration of TEDCs and that the suppressive function of TEDCs was significantly decreased. Treatment with β-glucan drastically decreased the levels of regulatory T (Treg) cells but increased the infiltration of macrophages, granulocytes and DCs in tumor masses, thus elicited Th1 differentiation and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and led to a delay in tumor progression. These findings reveal that β-glucan can inhibit the regulatory function of TEDCs, therefore revealing a novel function for β-glucan in immunotherapy and suggesting its potential clinical benefit. β-Glucan directly abrogated tumor-educated dendritic cells-associated immune suppression, promoted Th1 differentiation and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte priming and improved antitumor responses.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.|Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Yongling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Dongqin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.|Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.|Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Tongbao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Shizhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, S-221 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Keqing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.|Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Chunjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: T cell differentiation; dendritic cell; immune suppression; tumor immunotherapy; β-Glucan