title: Soft tissue stability and volumetric changes after 5 years in pontic sites with or without soft tissue grafting: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: To evaluate volumetric changes (VC) of pontic sites with or without soft tissue grafting over 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients participating in a prospective clinical trial evaluating fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) were selected on the basis of having received a subepithelial connective tissue graft for soft volume augmentation in pontic sites (augmentation group [AG]). An additional 12 patients, belonging to the same study, that had not received soft tissue grafting were used as controls (control group [CG]). Casts made from dental impressions taken at prosthesis delivery (baseline [BL]) and at 5 years (5-FU) were digitized, and linear and volumetric measurements performed to assess the soft tissue pontic height (PH), abutment height (AH), (VC) and changes in tissue thickness (TT) on the buccal side of the pontics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences at BL between the two groups for linear measurements (P > 0.05). The changes in soft tissue pontic height (PHC) amounted to a loss in the height of 0.34 mm (SD = 0.5) and 0.35 mm (0.2) for AG and CG, respectively. The mean VC amounted to a loss of 5.31 mm(3) (±1.1) (AG) and 4.32 mm(3) (±1.7) (CG). None of the changes between BL and 5-FU in volumetric and linear measurements, including TT and mean mesial and distal abutment height changes (mAHC and dAHC), reached statistically significant differences between AG and CG (P > 0.05). However the changes in linear measurements from BL to 5-FU were significant in all parameters for both groups (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At an observational period of 5 years, pontic sites with or without grafting under FDPs demonstrated similar dimensional stability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pontic sites with or without grafting are volumetrically stable over 5 years.
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sanz-Martín
authors.affiliation: Division for Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sailer
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph H F
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hämmerle
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Thoma
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: connective tissue; crown; fixed partial denture; humans; pontic; soft tissue; volumetric analysis