title: The extracellular matrix in breast cancer.
abstract: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly recognized as an important regulator in breast cancer. ECM in breast cancer development features numerous changes in composition and organization when compared to the mammary gland under homeostasis. Matrix proteins that are induced in breast cancer include fibrillar collagens, fibronectin, specific laminins and proteoglycans as well as matricellular proteins. Growing evidence suggests that many of these induced ECM proteins play a major functional role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. A number of the induced ECM proteins have moreover been shown to be essential components of metastatic niches, promoting stem/progenitor signaling pathways and metastatic growth. ECM remodeling enzymes are also markedly increased, leading to major changes in the matrix structure and biomechanical properties. Importantly, several ECM components and ECM remodeling enzymes are specifically induced in breast cancer or during tissue regeneration while healthy tissues under homeostasis express exceedingly low levels. This may indicate that ECM and ECM-associated functions may represent promising drug targets against breast cancer, providing important specificity that could be utilized when developing therapies.
authors.affiliation: Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cell Biology and Tumor Biology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Insua-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cell Biology and Tumor Biology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: t.oskarsson@dkfz.de.
authors.forename: Thordur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oskarsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
keywords: Breast cancer; Extracellular matrix; Metastasis; Niche; Therapy