title: The effect of music during bronchoscopy: A meta-analysis.
abstract: Bronchoscopy is considered a stressful procedure performed on patients. Hence, the use of music to ease the anxiety of patients has been examined in various studies, but the results have been inconclusive. The aim of this review is to synthesize the findings of previous studies on the effects of music therapy on the physiological outcomes of patients undergoing bronchoscopy. An electronic database search was performed to identify the literature. Random-effects model was used to combine the results, and meta-regression was used to explore the heterogeneity. Seven studies with 829 subjects were included. Results showed that the combined mean differences (95% confidence interval) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure were -11.99 (-15.82, -6.57) and -4.84 (-7.78, -1.90) mm Hg, respectively, whereas that for heart rate was -10.57 (-16.63, -4.51) beats per minute. In conclusion, listening to music reduced blood pressure and heart rate among patients undergoing bronchoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: nurtwsw@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Wilson W S
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kenneth K H
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: David S C
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Anxiety; Blood pressure; Bronchoscopy; Heart rate; Meta-analysis; Music