title: Use of giant-sized flow-through venous flap for simultaneous reconstruction of dual or multiple major arteries in salvage therapy for complex upper limb traumatic injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salvage repair after complex upper limb traumatic injury is surgically challenging due to underlying major arterial impairment with complicating a large-sized soft tissue defect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using a giant-sized (≥100 cm(2)) flow-through venous flap for reconstruction of dual or multiple forearm, metacarpal, or digital arteries after complex upper limb traumatic injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients were consecutively hospitalized for emergency salvage repair after complex upper limb traumatic injury between March 2012 and May 2014. The forearm and palmar artery defects were repaired using the calf great saphenous vein flap and the volar forearm venous flap, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flow-through venous flap ranged from 9.5 cm × 12.0 cm to 12.0 cm × 20.0 cm (mean, 158.4 cm(2)) in size. The flaps and affected limbs survived uneventfully in five patients, with one patient experiencing distal flap marginal necrosis and a second patient requiring amputation of the affected limb. Computed tomography angiography showed patent vessels in all patients. The mean total active motion of the repaired fingers was 199.5° versus 258.8° for the contralateral counterpart (77.1%). The sensory return was determined to be S2 in 2 patients, S3 in 3 patients and S3+ in 1 patient. The disability scores for the arm, shoulder, and hand ranged from 4.6-18.2 (mean, 11.3), and the mean Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire score was 7.8 ± 0.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flow-through venous flap is an effective and safe treatment alternative for salvage therapy of a ≥100-cm(2) complex upper limb traumatic injury with dual or multiple major arterial impairment. This technique allows simultaneous reconstruction of dual or multiple artery injuries and an extensive soft tissue defect. Serious surgical site infection remains a major safety concern and necessitates radical debridement in complicating cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: davyzheng93006@163.com.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhang-Can
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Rong-Jian
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi Hand Surgery Hospital, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kui-Shui
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003646:Debridement; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005543:Forearm Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: complex upper limb injury; flow-through venous flap; psychometric outcome; salvage therapy