title: Fisetin-Rich Extracts of Rhus verniciflua Stokes Improve Blood Flow Rates in Mice Fed Both Normal and High-Fat Diets.
abstract: Although it has been previously reported that Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) possesses in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, the precise in vivo mechanisms of RVS extracts and a main active component called fisetin have not been well elucidated. In this study, using newly developed protocols, we prepared urushiol-free but fisetin-enriched RVS extracts and investigated their effects on the vascular immune system. We found that the water-soluble fractions of detoxified RVS with the flavonoid fisetin can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, RVS can reduce inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX2 gene expression levels, which are responsible for NO and PGE2 production, respectively, in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Because inflammation is linked to the activation of the coagulation system, we hypothesized that RVS and its active component fisetin possess anticoagulatory activities. As expected, we found that both RVS and fisetin could inhibit the coagulation of human peripheral blood cells. Moreover, in vivo RVS treatment could return the retarded blood flow elicited by a high-fat diet (HFD) back to the normal level in mice. In addition, RVS treatment has significantly reduced body weight gained by HFD in mice. Taken together, the fisetin-rich RVS extracts have potential antiplatelet and antiobesity activities and could be used as a functional food ingredient to improve blood circulation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Life Science, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea .
authors.forename: Won Kyun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Life Science, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea .
authors.forename: Kwang Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Life Science, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea .
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Life Science, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea .
authors.forename: Young Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Medience Co., Ltd. , Gangwon, South Korea .
authors.forename: Kyeong-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Medience Co., Ltd. , Gangwon, South Korea .
authors.forename: Sang-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: Seokmann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Life Science, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea .
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044948:Flavonols; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C522894:fustin; D005707:Gallic Acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone; C017875:fisetin
keywords: Health functional food; Rhus verniciflua; anti-inflammatory; anticoagulatory; antiobesity; fisetin