title: Effects of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and its metabolites on DNA damage and repair under in vitro conditions.
abstract: 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food contaminant that occurs during industrial production processes and can be found mainly in fat and salt containing products. 3-MCPD has exhibited mutagenic activity in vitro but not in vivo, however, a genotoxic mechanism for the occurrence of kidney tumors has not so far been excluded. The main pathway of mammalian 3-MCPD metabolism is via the formation of β--chlorolactatic acid and formation of glycidol has been demonstrated in bacterial metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic and oxidative DNA damaging effects of 3-MCPD and its metabolites, and to provide a better understanding of their roles in DNA repair processes. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline comet assay in target rat kidney epithelial cell lines (NRK-52E) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Purine and pyrimidine base damage, H2O2 sensitivity and DNA repair capacity were assessed via modified comet assay. The results revealed in vitro evidence for increased genotoxicity and H2O2 sensitivity. No association was found between oxidative DNA damage and DNA repair capacity with the exception of glycidol treatment at 20 μg/mL. These findings provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying the in vitro genotoxic potential of 3-MCPD and metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul 34116, Turkey. Electronic address: erenozcagli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozcagli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul 34116, Turkey.
authors.forename: Buket
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alpertunga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical-Odonthoiatric Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Concettina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenga
authors.affiliation: Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Center, Yeditepe University, Istanbul Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berktas
authors.affiliation: Department of Dangerous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, Directorate of Energy, Industrial & Chemical Products, General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsitsimpikou
authors.affiliation: Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wilks
authors.affiliation: Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Αristidis M
authors.initials: ΑM
authors.lastname: Tsatsakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051381:Rats; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin
keywords: 3-MCPD; Comet assay; DNA damage; DNA repair; Glycidol; β-Chlorolactic acid