title: Organoid Models of Human Gastrointestinal Development and Disease.
abstract: We have greatly advanced our ability to grow a diverse range of tissue-derived and pluripotent stem cell-derived gastrointestinal (GI) tissues in vitro. These systems, broadly referred to as organoids, have allowed the field to move away from the often nonphysiological, transformed cell lines that have been used for decades in GI research. Organoids are derived from primary tissues and have the capacity for long-term growth. They contain varying levels of cellular complexity and physiological similarity to native organ systems. We review the latest discoveries from studies of tissue-derived and pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal, gastric, esophageal, liver, and pancreatic organoids. These studies have provided important insights into GI development, tissue homeostasis, and disease and might be used to develop personalized medicines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Priya H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Dedhia
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bertaux-Skeirik
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Electronic address: yana.zavros@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Yana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zavros
authors.affiliation: Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: spencejr@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Spence
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D038081:Organogenesis; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration; D013045:Species Specificity; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
keywords: Gastrointestinal Development; Gastrointestinal Disease; Gastrointestinal Regeneration; Gut Organoids