title: Predictors of Glycated Hemoglobin among Jordanian Diabetic Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We explored the level of Jordanian patients' knowledge, diabetes related distress, self-management activities and these effects on the A1C level.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive cross-sectional correlational design (conducted in 2013) was utilized to recruit 289 diabetic patients from outpatient diabetes clinics, using self-reported questionnaires (Diabetes Knowledge Test, Diabetes Distress Scale, and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire) in addition to chart review for selected variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants' had mean glycated hemoglobin of 7.88%. Good glycemic control was significantly associated with higher self-management activities (r= -.147), high income (r= -.171), older age (r= -.252), shorter duration of illness (r= .153), and low levels of distress. Despite these relationships only age, duration of illness and income significantly predicted A1C (F (5, 284) = 11.57, P<.001, R (2) = .17). Further, diabetes knowledge, diabetes-related distress, and self-management could not predict A1C level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only diabetes-related distress and self-management correlated with patients' A1C, with no predictive power. Thus, further research is required to shed the light on the large unexplained components of the A1C variance.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Sawsan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darawad
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hourani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nursing, Al-Farabi College of Dentistry and Nursing, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Waddah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Demeh
keywords: Diabetes; Diabetes related distress; Glycated hemoglobin; Self-management