title: Severe anemia in cats with urethral obstruction: 17 cases (2002-2011).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize clinical parameters of cats with severe anemia due to suspected urinary bladder hemorrhage associated with urethral obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen cats with urethral obstruction and severe anemia (group "UO-A") that required transfusion were identified via medical record database search. Thirty cats with urethral obstruction and mild or no anemia (group "UO") were included as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median PCV of all cases at presentation was 28% (range, 9%-47%). Seven cats had PCV ≤20% at presentation, and all transfused cats had PCV ≤20% at the time of transfusion. Three cats did not receive a transfusion despite PCV ≤18%. Cats in the UO-A group had a significantly longer duration of clinical signs (P = 0.001), and were more likely to have a history of previous urethral obstruction (P = 0.011), have a heart murmur (P = 0.002), have a gallop rhythm (P = 0.005), and have lower blood pressure (P = 0.007) compared to those in the UO group. Additionally, UO-A cats had significantly lower pH, more negative base excess, higher BUN, and higher creatinine compared to UO cats. Duration of urinary catheterization was significantly (P = 0.016) longer in UO-A cats. All UO cats survived to discharge, whereas 4/17 (23.5%) UO-A cats were euthanized (P = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of previous urethral obstruction and longer duration of clinical signs may be important risk factors for severe anemia in UO cats. Additionally, UO-A cats appeared to be more severely affected, as evidenced by lower blood pressure, more severe metabolic acidosis, higher BUN and creatinine, and worse outcome.
authors.affiliation: Section of Critical Care, Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Kari Santoro
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Section of Critical Care, Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Drobatz
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000662:veterinary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002415:Cats; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: FLUTD; FUS; feline