title: Nanoparticle-liver interactions: Cellular uptake and hepatobiliary elimination.
abstract: 30-99% of administered nanoparticles will accumulate and sequester in the liver after administration into the body. This results in reduced delivery to the targeted diseased tissue and potentially leads to increased toxicity at the hepatic cellular level. This review article focuses on the inter- and intra-cellular interaction between nanoparticles and hepatic cells, the elimination mechanism of nanoparticles through the hepatobiliary system, and current strategies to manipulate liver sequestration. The ability to solve the "nanoparticle-liver" interaction is critical to the clinical translation of nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and other diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
authors.forename: Yi-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Multi Organ Transport Program, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: McGilvray
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada. Electronic address: warren.chan@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Warren C W
authors.initials: WCW
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D065669:Hepatobiliary Elimination; D006801:Humans; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013499:Surface Properties
keywords: Hepatobiliary clearance; Liver; Macrophage; Nanoparticle