title: Functionalized graphene oxide-based thermosensitive hydrogel for near-infrared chemo-photothermal therapy on tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A functionalized graphene oxide-based thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with docetaxel for intratumoral delivery was designed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and alleviate system toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, graphene oxide was functionalized with chitosan to acquire high stability in physiological solutions. And then docetaxel-graphene oxide/chitosan gel was formed by mixed docetaxel-graphene oxide/chitosan suspension with hydrogel which was made from Poloxamer 407 and Poloxamer 188. Cellular uptake, antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo, cell apoptosis, and biodistribution of docetaxel-graphene oxide/chitosan gel were investigated, compared with the docetaxel solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Graphene oxide/chitosan was stable in physiological solution, and docetaxel released much slower from docetaxel-graphene oxide/chitosan gel with a pH-responsive feature. Compared with free docetaxel, docetaxel-graphene oxide/chitosan could afford higher antitumor efficacy in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells in vitro. Furthermore, docetaxel-grapheme oxide/chitosan gel which was injected within tumor could afford higher concentration and longer resident time in tumor tissues of mice in vivo, without obvious toxic effects to normal organs. Meanwhile, the combination of near-infrared laser irradiation at 808 nm significantly enhanced tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Docetaxel-graphene oxide/chitosan gel in combination with 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation had great potential for cancer chemo-photothermal therapy.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China Pharmacy College, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiali
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Heqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China zhangzz08@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhenzhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010087:Oxides; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D006108:Graphite; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Graphene oxide; chemo-photothermal therapy; chitosan; docetaxel; thermosensitive hydrogel; tumor