title: Effectiveness of Disposable (Single-use) Tips for Dental Air-water Syringes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Single-use dental syringe (SUS) tips eliminate cross-infection risks. Many dental materials are moisture sensitive; therefore bonding could be affected by remaining moisture from SUS tips.
  
  
  METHODS
  An air-water syringe was calibrated to 50 PSI and the air pressure measured. SUS tips were then attached and pressure re-measured. Seven tips were tested; moisture content and spray pattern were investigated. Ethical approval was granted. Twenty third molar teeth were sectioned, stored in phosphate buffered saline and randomly allocated into groups with a SUS tip. They were mounted in acrylic and polished. Specimens were dried with a tip under standardised conditions, treated using a 3-step etch-prime-bond technique, then had a post bonded perpendicular to the dentine surface. The force to detach them was measured. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-squared tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in output pressure between groups proved significant (p < 0.001). Tensile force at failure was significantly different between groups (p = 0.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pressure output of the syringe and bond strength are influenced by the SUS tip.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bennani
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000388:Air; D000399:Air Pressure; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003890:Desiccation; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004867:Equipment Design; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013594:Syringes; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C009753:fiberglass; D014867:Water