title: Effects of Grafting Density and Film Thickness on the Adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to Poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) and Poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) Brushes.
abstract: Thin polymer films that prevent the adhesion of bacteria are of interest as coatings for the development of infection-resistant biomaterials. This study investigates the influence of grafting density and film thickness on the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). These brushes are compared with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brushes, which are obtained by grafting PEG onto an epoxide-modified substrate. Except for very low grafting densities (ρ = 1%), crystal violet staining experiments show that the PHEMA and PPEGMA brushes are equally effective as the PEG-modified surfaces in preventing S. epidermis adhesion and do not reveal any significant variations as a function of film thickness or grafting density. These results indicate that brushes generated by SI-ATRP are an attractive alternative to grafted-onto PEG films for the preparation of surface coatings that resist bacterial adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sorin-Alexandru
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibanescu
authors.affiliation: Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.affiliation: Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.|Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landmann
authors.affiliation: Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Harm-Anton
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Klok
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011102:Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C528061:poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate); D011102:Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); bacteria; biomaterials; polymer brush; surfaces