title: Type of gonadotropin during controlled ovarian stimulation affects the endocrine profile in follicular fluid and apoptosis rate in cumulus cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the type of gonadotropin affects the secretion of oocyte-specific factors, the endocrine pattern in follicular fluid, and the apoptosis rate in cumulus cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective and observational study into an university-affiliated private in vitro fertilization setting. Ninety women included in our oocyte donation program were stimulated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or urinary FSH. Main outcome measures were growth-differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) expression, hormonal profile and apoptosis rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were observed for GDF-9 and BMP-15 among the three treatment groups. Estradiol concentrations in follicular fluid were significantly higher in women treated with hMG compared with recombinant FSH or urinary FSH. Testosterone levels were also higher in the group treated with hMG. A statistically significant association was found between the degree of apoptosis in cumulus cells and the type of gonadotropin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of gonadotropin used during controlled ovarian stimulation significantly affects endocrine profiles in follicular fluid and the apoptosis rate in cumulus cells. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of oocyte-secreted factors between treatments.
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: antonio.requena@ivi.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Requena
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Velasco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 / Q000378:metabolism; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018587:Oocyte Donation; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C525901:BMP15 protein, human; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human; C525897:GDF9 protein, human; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C571801:follitropin alfa; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D008596:Menotropins; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: Apoptosis rate; BMP-15; GDF-9; Steroids