title: Sinoporphyrin sodium mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits the migration associated with collapse of F-actin filaments cytoskeleton in MDA-MB-231 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously demonstrated that the photosensitizer sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) had potential advantages in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. However, details regarding the mechanism of cell migration inhibition remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DVDMS-PDT on F-actin filaments, cell migration, apoptotic response and the possible interactions between them in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cell viability was evaluated by MTT and Guava ViaCount assays. The subcellular localization of DVDMS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were analyzed by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. FITC-phalloidin was used to evaluate the changes of F-actin filaments. Cell migration was analyzed by scratch assay and Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by nuclear TUNEL staining and Annexin V-PE/7-AAD assay. Jasplakinolide, an F-actin stabilizer, was applied to dissect the influences of F-actin filaments disruption on cell migration and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DVDMS-PDT significantly suppressed cell proliferation, promoted early apoptotic response, triggered collapse of F-actin filaments and inhibited cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell migration significantly increased when cells were pretreated with F-actin stabilizer jasplakinolide after PDT, while cell apoptosis was not obviously affected. Moreover, ROS was a key factor in causing collapse of F-actin filaments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that DVDMS-PDT triggered cell apoptosis and collapse of F-actin filaments through the induction of ROS in MDA-MB-231 cells. F-actin filaments contributed to cell migration but produced no obvious effect on cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Na tural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Na tural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Na tural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Quanhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wingnang Leung
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Na tural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: wangpan@snnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: xcshan@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuanshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C586896:sinoporphyrin sodium
keywords: Apoptosis; F-actin filaments cytoskeleton; Migration; Photodynamic therapy; Sinoporphyrin sodium