title: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolic Syndrome and Sleepiness in Truck Drivers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Truck driver sleepiness is a primary cause of vehicle accidents. Several causes are associated with sleepiness in truck drivers. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with sleep disorders and with primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We analyzed the relationship between these conditions and prevalence of sleepiness in truck drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the major risk factors for CVD, anthropometric data and sleep disorders in 2228 male truck drivers from 148 road stops made by the Federal Highway Police from 2006 to 2011. Alcohol consumption, illicit drugs and overtime working hours were also analyzed. Sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 43.1 ± 10.8 years. From 2006 to 2011, an increase in neck (p = 0.011) and abdominal circumference (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride plasma levels (p = 0.014), and sleepiness was observed (p < 0.001). In addition, a reduction in hypertension (39.6% to 25.9%, p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (32% to 23%, p = 0.033) and overtime hours (52.2% to 42.8%, p < 0.001) was found. Linear regression analysis showed that sleepiness correlated closely with body mass index (β = 0.19, Raj2 = 0.659, p = 0.031), abdominal circumference (β = 0.24, Raj2 = 0.826, p = 0.021), hypertension (β = -0.62, Raj2 = 0.901, p = 0.002), and triglycerides (β = 0.34, Raj2 = 0.936, p = 0.022). Linear multiple regression indicated that hypertension (p = 0.008) and abdominal circumference (p = 0.025) are independent variables for sleepiness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased prevalence of sleepiness was associated with major components of the MetS.
authors.affiliation: HC, FM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, S, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio de Padua
authors.initials: Ade P
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.affiliation: Departamento da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Abs
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Legal, Ética Médica e Medicina Social e do Trabalho, FM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vilma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leyton
authors.affiliation: HC, FM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, S, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Yashio
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: HC, FM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, S, Brazil.
authors.forename: Solange Desirée
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Avakian
authors.affiliation: Departamento da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.affiliation: Departamento da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arledson Lima
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Legal, Ética Médica e Medicina Social e do Trabalho, FM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Romero
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Departamento da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Waldo J C
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rohlfs
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D016526:Workload
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol