title: Antibody-Based Assays for Phenotyping of Extracellular Vesicles.
abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of membrane-enclosed vesicles. EVs are recognized as important players in cell-to-cell communication and are described to be involved in numerous biological and pathological processes. The fact that EVs are involved in the development and progression of several diseases has formed the basis for the use of EV analysis in a clinical setting. As the interest in EVs has increased immensely, multiple techniques have been developed aiming at characterizing these vesicles. These techniques characterize different features of EVs, like the size distribution, enumeration, protein composition, and the intravesicular cargo (e.g., RNA). This review focuses on techniques that exploit the specificity and sensitivity associated with antibody-based assays to characterize the protein phenotype of EVs. The protein phenotype of EVs can provide information on the functionality of the vesicles and may be used for identification of disease-related biomarkers. Thus, protein profiling of EVs holds great diagnostic and prognostic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lotte Hatting
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pugholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Louise Schacht
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Revenfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Evo Kristina Lindersson
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Søndergaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Malene Møller
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000235:genetics; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D011506:Proteins; D012313:RNA