title: Aqueous Extract of Anticancer Drug CRUEL Herbomineral Formulation Capsules Exerts Anti-proliferative Effects in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-cancer activity evaluation of aqueous extract of CRUEL (herbomineral formulation) capsules on renal cell carcinoma cell lines, and exploration of mechanisms of cell death.
  
  
  METHODS
  To detect the cytotoxic dose concentration in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, MTT assays were performed and morphological changes after treatment were observed by inverted microscopy. Drug effects against RCC cell lines were assessed with reference to cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry), anti-metastatic potential (wound healing assay) and autophagy(RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRUEL showed anti-proliferative effects against RCC tumor cell lines with an IC50 value of approximately 4mg/mL in vitro, while inducing cell cycle arrest at S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibiting wound healing. LC3 was found to be up-regulated after drug treatment by RT-PCR resulting in an autophagy mode of cell death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides experimental validation for antitumor activity of CRUEL.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Genetic Disorders, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India E-mail : hellow_parimal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shiv Prakash
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Saumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sisoudiya
authors.forename: Parimal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002214:Capsules / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008903:Minerals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002214:Capsules; D008903:Minerals; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012333:RNA, Messenger