title: Rates of Vitrectomy among Enrollees in a United States Managed Care Network, 2001-2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether vitrectomy surgery rates have changed over the past decade and factors affecting the odds of undergoing this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All enrollees 21 years of age or older between 2001 and 2012 in a United States managed care network.
  
  
  METHODS
  Claims data from a managed care network were analyzed to identify all enrollees who underwent 1 vitrectomy or more each year from 2001 through 2012. Rates of vitrectomy per 1000 enrollees were computed each year from 2001 through 2012 for the entire group and separately for patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Multivariate logistic regression assessed factors affecting the odds of undergoing vitrectomy surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual rates of vitrectomy surgery from 2001 through 2012 and odds ratios (ORs) of undergoing a vitrectomy with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 11 161 907 eligible enrollees, 40 892 (0.4%) underwent vitrectomy over the 12-year period. The average age of those undergoing vitrectomy was 57±13 years. Overall vitrectomy rates increased 31% from 2001 to 2012 (from 1.47 to 1.92 per 1000 patients). During this same period, the vitrectomy rate among persons with diabetes mellitus decreased by 43% (from 5.84 to 3.31 per 1000 patients with diabetes). Women had 24% decreased odds of undergoing vitrectomy (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.79). The odds of undergoing a vitrectomy were 17% greater for black persons (adjusted OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.27) and 7% higher for persons with diabetes (adjusted OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, we observed an increase in the vitrectomy rates per 1000 enrollees in this large managed care network over the course of the past decade. However, among persons with diabetes mellitus, vitrectomy rates declined substantially over this period. These changes may be explained, in part, by advances in surgical instrumentation and imaging methods to detect retinal diseases changing indications for surgery, improvements in diabetes care, and alternative treatment options for managing retinal conditions. These results may be useful for future planning of manpower needs and highlight the need for aggressive prevention of complications in black persons with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wubben
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Taylor S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Blachley
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: jdstein@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000601:surgery; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*