title: Polyamine and nitric oxide crosstalk: Antagonistic effects on cadmium toxicity in mung bean plants through upregulating the metal detoxification, antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious agricultural and environmental hazard. The study investigates cross-protection roles of putrescine (Put, 0.2 mM) and nitric oxide (sodium nitroprusside; SNP, 1 mM) in conferring Cd (CdCl2, 1.5 mM) tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2) seedlings. Cadmium stress increased root and shoot Cd content, reduced growth, destroyed chlorophyll (chl), modulated proline (Pro) and reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), increased oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, O2(∙-) generation rate, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity], methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity. Put and/or SNP reduced Cd uptake, increasd phytochelatin (PC) content, reduced oxidative damage enhancing non-enzymatic antioxidants (AsA and GSH) and activities of enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)]. Exogenous Put and/or SNP modulated endogenous polyamines, PAs (putrescine, Put; spermidine, Spd; spermine, Spm), and NO; improved glyoxalase system in detoxifying MG and improved physiology and growth where combined application showed better effects which designates possible crosstalk between NO and PAs to confer Cd-toxicity tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. Electronic address: knahar84@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kamrun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. Electronic address: mhzsauag@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mirza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanuzzaman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Md Mahabub
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Anisur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Biomass Chemistry Laboratory, Bioresource Science for Manufacturing, Department of Applied Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshisada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan. Electronic address: fujita@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D054811:Phytochelatins; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000070658:Vigna / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011073:Polyamines; D002104:Cadmium; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D054811:Phytochelatins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D011700:Putrescine
keywords: Environmental pollution; Heavy metal; Methylglyoxal; Reactive oxygen species; Signaling crosstalk