title: Population-reaction model and microbial experimental ecosystems for understanding hierarchical dynamics of ecosystems.
abstract: Understanding ecosystem dynamics is crucial as contemporary human societies face ecosystem degradation. One of the challenges that needs to be recognized is the complex hierarchical dynamics. Conventional dynamic models in ecology often represent only the population level and have yet to include the dynamics of the sub-organism level, which makes an ecosystem a complex adaptive system that shows characteristic behaviors such as resilience and regime shifts. The neglect of the sub-organism level in the conventional dynamic models would be because integrating multiple hierarchical levels makes the models unnecessarily complex unless supporting experimental data are present. Now that large amounts of molecular and ecological data are increasingly accessible in microbial experimental ecosystems, it is worthwhile to tackle the questions of their complex hierarchical dynamics. Here, we propose an approach that combines microbial experimental ecosystems and a hierarchical dynamic model named population-reaction model. We present a simple microbial experimental ecosystem as an example and show how the system can be analyzed by a population-reaction model. We also show that population-reaction models can be applied to various ecological concepts, such as predator-prey interactions, climate change, evolution, and stability of diversity. Our approach will reveal a path to the general understanding of various ecosystems and organisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: hosoda@humanware.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.affiliation: WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohmei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017753:Ecosystem; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology*; D056265:Microbial Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Ecosystem dynamics; Hierarchical dynamics; High-dimensional and nonlinear dynamic systems; Microbial experimental ecosystem; Population–reaction model