title: Noninvasive Detection of Inflammatory Changes in White Adipose Tissue by Label-Free Raman Spectroscopy.
abstract: White adipose tissue inflammation (WATi) has been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In addition to the obese, a substantial number of normal and overweight individuals harbor WATi, putting them at increased risk for disease. We report the first technique that has the potential to detect WATi noninvasively. Here, we used Raman spectroscopy to detect WATi with excellent accuracy in both murine and human tissues. This is a potentially significant advance over current histopathological techniques for the detection of WATi, which rely on tissue excision and, therefore, are not practical for assessing disease risk in the absence of other identifying factors. Importantly, we show that noninvasive Raman spectroscopy can diagnose WATi in mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy to provide objective risk assessment for future cardiometabolic complications in both normal weight and overweight/obese individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Abigail S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Haka
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Cassidy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Madeline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Maryem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Jose O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Aleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gareau
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Jan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Breslow
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Xi Kathy
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.|Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.
authors.forename: Ishan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.|Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Clifford A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hudis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dannenberg
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*