title: Strong Acid Mixture and Sequential Geochemical Arsenic Extractions in Surface Sediments from the Santa Maria La Reforma Coastal Lagoon, Mexico: A Bioavailability Assessment.
abstract: Thirty-three sediment samples were collected from the Santa Maria La Reforma coastal lagoon and digested by way of a strong acid mixture and sequential arsenic (As)-extraction method to determine the arsenic (As) content and bioavailability. The As content was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. In addition, grain-size analyses were performed, and organic carbon, carbonate, and iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations were determined. Fe and Mn determination was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A Pearson correlation matrix and As enrichment factors were calculated. Sediment concentrations from Santa Maria La Reforma ranged from 3.6 to 25 µg As g(-1) with an average of 13.4 ± 7.6 µg As g(-1). The highest values were observed in the northern (Playa Colorada), north-central (Mocorito River discharge zone), and southern zones ("El Tule" agricultural drain). Most samples were classified as exhibiting no or minor As enrichment and were lower than the threshold effect level (TEL; 7.24 µg g(-1)) for biota (MacDonald et al. in Ecotoxicology 5:253-278, 1996). Low bioavailable As values (<3 %) were measured in the majority of the sediment. The highest As percentages were associated with the oxyhydroxide fraction (F5). The results indicate that As bioavailability is negligible.
authors.affiliation: Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Col. Playa Sur Col. Playa Sur, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rivera-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Col. Playa Sur, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. cgreen@ola.icmyl.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-5328
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Green-Ruiz
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002254:Carbonates / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D008800:Mexico; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron; D001151:Arsenic