title: Depression in multiple sclerosis: effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and disease perception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression is common amongst subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS), and several investigations have explored different determinants of this condition, including physical disability, psychological and psychosocial factors. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with depression. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of disease-related factors, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and perception of disease on the severity of depression in MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 136 MS patients (88 women) were recruited and genotyped for BDNF rs6265 polymorphism at nucleotide 196 (G/A) using 'high resolution melting'. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Multiple Sclerosis Depression Rating Scale. Perception of health status was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multivariable linear regression model showed that the best predictors of depression were the SF-36 General health (β = -0.209; P = 0.013), Mental health (β = -0.410; P < 0.001) and Social activity (β = -0.195; P = 0.035) scores; physical disability (assessed by the Extended Disability Status Scale score) was directly correlated to depression severity on univariate analysis, but it was not a relevant predictor of depression on multivariate analysis; other variables directly related to the disease (treatment, annual relapsing rate) and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were not significantly associated with depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perception of the health status is the principal predictor of depressive symptoms in our sample. This result supports the hypothesis that the subjective interpretation of the disease's consequences is one of the main factors in determining depression in MS.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Don Gnocchi - ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Don Gnocchi - ONLUS, Milan, Italy.|Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Fino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caprara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Palomba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Losavio
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.|Research Center for Neuropsychology, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Patanella
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirabella
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.|Research Center for Neuropsychology, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gainotti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.|Research Center for Neuropsychology, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quaranta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C579455:BDNF protein, human
keywords: BDNF; Multiple Sclerosis Depression Rating Scale; depression; multiple sclerosis