title: Effect of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold porosities on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.
abstract: Calcium phosphates (CaP) of different porosities have been widely and successfully used as scaffolds with osteoblast cells for bone tissue regeneration. However, the effects of scaffold porosities on cell viability and differentiation of human dental pulp cells for dentin tissue regeneration are not well known. In this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds of 20/80 hydroxyapatite to beta tricalcium phosphate ratio with a mean pore size of 300 μm were prepared into BCP1, BCP2, BCP3, and BCP4 of 25%, 50%, 65%, and 75% of total porosities, respectively. The extracts of these scaffolds were assessed with regard to cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. The high alkalinity, and more calcium and phosphate ions release that were exhibited by BCP3 and BCP4 decreased the viability and proliferation of human dental pulp cells as compared to BCP1 and BCP2. BCP2 significantly increased both cell viability and cell proliferation. However, the cells cultured with BCP3 extract revealed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and high expression of odontoblast related genes, collagen type I alpha 1, dentin matrix protein-1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein as compared to that cultured with BCP1, BCP2, and BCP4 extracts. The results highlight the effect of different scaffold porosities on the cell microenvironment and demonstrate that BCP3 scaffold of 65% porosity can support human dental pulp cells differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Sarah T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: AbdulQader
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ismail A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia kannan@usm.my.
authors.forename: Kannan P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Thirumulu
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Minerals Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hanafi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zuliani
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mahmood
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D009805:Odontogenesis; D016062:Porosity; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; C000716127:COL1A1 protein, human; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate
keywords: Biphasic calcium phosphate; calcium and phosphate ions; human dental pulp cells; scaffold porosity; tissue regeneration