title: L-valine, an antialgal amino acid from Streptomyces jiujiangensis JXJ 0074(T).
abstract: An antialgal compound was isolated from the cultured broth of Streptomyces jiujiangensis JXJ 0074(T) by using bioassay methods. Based on the data of (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, ESI-MS, and thin layer chromatography, the active compound was identified as L-valine, which showed antialgal activity mainly against Microcystis. L-valine exhibited greater antialgal activities than both L-lysine and copper sulfate (CuSO4) did on Microcystis aeruginosa lawn. However, M. aeruginosa recovered growth earlier with higher growth rate in L-valine treatment than in L-lysine treatment. L-valine dissipated completely within 2 days, much quicker than L-lysine (6 days), which resulted in the lysing of more than 80 % M. aeruginosa cells and the release of amount of intracellular microcystin-LR (MC-LR) within 2 days. As a resultant, the extracellular MC-LR content was more than twice of the control from day 1 to 5. Exposure to L-valine significantly promoted the synthesis of MC-LR. L-lysine also promoted the release and synthesis of MC-LR with much lesser efficiency than L-valine. L-valine could damage Microcystis severely, causing perforation and collapse of M. aeruginosa cells and decrease of the chlorophyll. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in L-valine-treated cells of M. aeruginosa initially increased with 32.94 ± 3.37 % higher than the control after 36 h and then decreased quickly. However, the increase rate of superoxide anion radical (O2 (-)) was much higher than that of SOD, which resulted in serious lipid peroxidation and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). To our knowledge, this is the first report showing L-valine active against cyanobacteria.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing-Huo
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, 650231, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Han-Quan
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dai-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, 650231, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Bioproducts Research Chair (BRC), College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: N Hozzein
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, 650231, People's Republic of China. 106065513@qq.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China. liwenjun3@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000378:metabolism; D046931:Microcystis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014633:Valine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C057862:cyanoginosin LR; D014633:Valine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Cyanobacteria; L-valine; Microcystin-LR (MC-LR); Microcystis aeruginosa; Streptomyces jiujiangensis