title: Hyperglycemia alters E-NTPDases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and ectosolic and cytosolic adenosine deaminase activities and expression from encephala of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Hyperglycemia is the main feature for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Some studies have demonstrated the relationship between DM and dysfunction on neurotransmission systems, such as the purinergic system. In this study, we evaluated the extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis and adenosine deamination activities from encephalic membranes of hyperglycemic zebrafish. A significant decrease in ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolyses was observed at 111-mM glucose-treated group, which returned to normal levels after 7 days of glucose withdrawal. A significant increase in ecto-adenosine deaminase activity was observed in 111-mM glucose group, which remain elevated after 7 days of glucose withdrawal. The soluble-adenosine deaminase activity was significantly increased just after 7 days of glucose withdrawal. We also evaluated the gene expressions of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases), ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ADA, and adenosine receptors from encephala of adult zebrafish. The entpd 2a.1, entpd 2a.2, entpd 3, and entpd 8 mRNA levels from encephala of adult zebrafish were decreased in 111-mM glucose-treated and glucose withdrawal groups. The gene expressions of adenosine receptors (adora 1 , adora 2aa , adora 2ab , and adora 2b ) were decreased in 111-mM glucose-treated and glucose withdrawal groups. The gene expression of ADA (ada 2a.1) was decreased in glucose withdrawal group. Maltodextrin, used as a control, did not affect the expression of adenosine receptors, ADA and E-NTPDases 2, 3, and 8, while the expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase was slightly increased and the E-NTPDases 1 decreased. These findings demonstrated that hyperglycemia might affect the ecto-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities and gene expression in zebrafish, probably through a mechanism involving the osmotic effect, suggesting that the modifications caused on purinergic system may also contribute to the diabetes-induced progressive cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katiucia Marques
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Capiotti
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siebel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Wilges
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bogo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Denise
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bonan
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. rosane.silva@pucrs.br.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. rosane.silva@pucrs.br.
authors.forename: Rosane Souza
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases
keywords: Adenosine deaminase; E-NTPDase; Ecto-5′-nucleotidase; Hyperglycemia; Zebrafish