title: Staphylococcus Aureus: Methicillin Resistance and Small Colony Variants from Pyogenic Infections of Skin, Soft Tissue and Bone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonizing the nares, is the leading cause of hospital as well as community acquired infections. The aim of this study was to identify the S. aureus from skin, soft tissue and bone related infections and typing them on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical samples were collected from patients with skin, soft tissue and bone related infections from January to October 2013 at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur. The S. aureus, small colony variants and methicillin resistant strains were identified by standard microbiological methods recommended by American Society for Microbiology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 333 samples processed, there was positive growth of S. aureus in 66 (19.8%) samples. Among the isolated S. aureus, 10 isolates were small colony variants of S. aureus and all the strains recovered were thymidine independent in this study. Amikacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were found to be the most effective antibiotics. Methicillin resistance was found in 34.8% isolates of S. aureus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that, S. aureus is one of the causative agent of pyogenic infections and the trend of antibiotic resistant is alarmingly high and also the rate of methicillin resistant S. aureus is comparably high in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Nepal
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chhetri
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chapagain
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001850:Bone Diseases, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); small colony variants; staphylococcus aureus; thymidine dependent strains.