title: TACE Treatment in Patients with Sorafenib-treated Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Clinical Practice: Final Analysis of GIDEON.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) use prior to and concomitantly with sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across different global regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  GIDEON is an observational registry study of more than 3000 HCC patients. Patients with histologically, cytologically, or radiographically diagnosed HCC, and for whom a decision had been made to treat with sorafenib, were eligible. Patients were enrolled into the registry from 39 countries beginning in January 2009, with the last patient follow-up in April 2012. Detailed data on treatment history, treatment patterns, adverse events, and outcomes were collected. All treatment decisions were at the discretion of the treating physicians. Documented approval from local ethics committees was obtained, and all patients provided signed informed consent. Descriptive statistics, including minimum, median, and maximum, were calculated for metric data, and frequency tables for categorical data. Kaplan-Meier estimates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for survival end points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3202 patients were eligible for safety analysis, of whom 2631 (82.2%) were male. Median age was 62 years (range, 15-98 years). A total of 1511 (47.2%) patients underwent TACE prior to sorafenib; 325 (10.1%) underwent TACE concomitantly. TACE prior to sorafenib was more common in Japan and Asia-Pacific compared with all other regions (362 [71.3%] and 560 [60.3%] vs 12-209 [13.3%-37.1%]). Adverse events were reported in 2732 (85.3%) patients overall, with no notable differences in the incidence of adverse events, regardless of TACE treatment history. Overall survival was 12.7 months in prior-TACE patients, 9.2 months in non-prior-TACE patients, 21.6 months in concomitant-TACE patients, and 9.7 months in non-concomitant-TACE patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Global variation exists in TACE use in sorafenib-treated HCC patients. The combination of TACE with sorafenib appears to be a well-tolerated and viable therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marrero
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Venook
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bronowicki
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furuse
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ladrón de Guevara
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papandreou
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Arun J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Tadatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Sheng-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Seung Kew
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lehr
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heldner
authors.affiliation: From Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287 (J.F.G.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.M.); University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (A.P.V.); Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.P.C.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (J.P.B.); Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela (L.D.); Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (J.F.); Hospital Angeles Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico (L.L.d.G.); University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece (C.P.); Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Va (A.J.S.); Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.T.); Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (S.K.Y.); Global Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (K.N.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); and Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy (R.L.).
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lencioni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077157:Sorafenib; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib