title: The Prevalence and Association of Varicoceles on Male Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the prevalence of varicocele and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in elder man in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 831 BPH/LUTS outpatients who were 40 years or older were recruited. The patients' age, total prostatic volume (TPV), International Prostate Symptom Score, total prostate-specific antigen, nocturia, and body mass index were recorded. The presence and grade of varicocele were diagnosed by physical examination in combination with scrotal color Doppler.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total prevalence of varicocele was 53.0%. The prevalence values of varicoceles in patients were 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 years old, and 80 or above were 43.0%, 42.4%, 54.0%, 59.5%, and 64.0%, respectively. When comparing with varicocele grade, TPV (P  =  .002) was found to be significantly different. Nocturia frequencies increased significantly in patients with varicocele (P  <  .01). There were no difference in terms of International Prostate Symptom Score, total prostate-specific antigen, and body mass index between patients with no varicocele and with grades 1, 2, and 3 varicoceles (P  >  .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For elderly patients, the prevalence of varicocele shows an increasing trend with aging. Higher-grade varicoceles are associated with higher TPV and nocturia levels. Varicocele, which may be a factor that affects BPH/LUTS, cannot be overlooked.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li-Huan
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Gang
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Qiu
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zxdcyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*