title: Use of 3-Dimensional Printing for Preoperative Planning in the Treatment of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability.
abstract: Recurrent anterior shoulder instability often results from large bony Bankart or Hill-Sachs lesions. Preoperative imaging is essential in guiding our surgical management of patients with these conditions. However, we are often limited to making an attempt to interpret a 3-dimensional (3D) structure using conventional 2-dimensional imaging. In cases in which complex anatomy or bony defects are encountered, this type of imaging is often inadequate. We used 3D printing to produce a solid 3D model of a glenohumeral joint from a young patient with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and complex Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions. The 3D model from our patient was used in the preoperative planning stages of an arthroscopic Bankart repair and remplissage to determine the depth of the Hill-Sachs lesion and the degree of abduction and external rotation at which the Hill-Sachs lesion engaged.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Sports Medicine Program at Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ujash
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Sports Medicine Program at Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital and the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulos
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Sports Medicine Program at Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto East General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jihad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abouali