title: Expression of p53, p16 and Ki67 proteins in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head and their relation with survival and cell differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression of p53, p16 and Ki-67 and its relevance in survival and cell differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen duodenopancreatectomized patients were included. Immunohistochemical expression of p53, p16 and Ki-67 was determined in paraffin embedded tumor blocks. The relation of these expressions with different variables was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three per cent of tumors showed expression of p53 and p16. Ki-67 was expressed in 86.66% of tumors (labeling index - LI 11.91 ± 9.47). The presence of combined alterations was not related to significant differences in tumor type, stage or survival; similar results were obtained analyzing isolated expressions. When groups of p16 and Ki-67 expressions where created, the median survival was not significant. However, there was a slightly better survival in patients with focal expression of p16 (median survival 20.75 versus 14.34), when compared to patients with diffuse expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overexpression of p53, p16 and Ki-67 was not related to survival or tumor grade, when comparing isolated or combined expressions.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Mário Benjamin
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Goitia-Durán
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Marcelo Moura
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Linhares
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artigiani Neto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Franz Robert
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Apodaca-Torrez
authors.affiliation: Biliary Tract and Pancreas Group, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Edson José
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldenberg