title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cholecystectomy: Protocol adequacy and related outcomes in a retrospective single-centre analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective tool to reduce surgical infection rates. However, antibiotic prophylaxis in cholecystectomy is controversial when non-high risk patients are considered. This research aims to evaluate the adherence with antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and its impact in the outcomes of surgical infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-center observational and retrospective study analyzed all elective cholecystectomy procedures carried out at the Fundación Alcorcón University Hospital in the period 2007-2014. Data were recovered from hospital records; rates of adherence to the available hospital protocols were evaluated for choice, initiation, duration, administration route and dosages of antibiotics, and the starting and duration of the prophylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall adequacy rate to protocol was 72%. The adherence rates in both the administration route and dose were 100%. The most common violations of the protocol included the choice of antibiotic agent (19%), followed by the moment of initiating its administration (8.9%). The overall wound infection rate was lower in case of laparoscopy than in laparotomy cholecystectomy (1.4% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.05; odds rate [OR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.6). No relationship between adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical infection rate was documented, neither considering overall gallbladder surgeries (crude OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.1-2.0), nor laparoscopy vs. open surgery (MH adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.2-2.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall adequacy rate to antibiotic prophylaxis protocol recommended for elective cholecystectomy in our hospital was high (72%). No significant association between the adequacy or antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical infection was found.
authors.affiliation: Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Alcorcón, Madrid, ESPAÑA.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Caravaca
authors.affiliation: Cirugia, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gil-Yonte
authors.affiliation: Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Risco-Risco
authors.affiliation: Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Pello
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latasa Zamalloa
authors.affiliation: Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M Concepcion
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Villar del Campo
authors.affiliation: Cirugia, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Cebrián
authors.affiliation: Cirugia, FJD, España.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valverde-Núñez
authors.affiliation: Cirugía, Hospital Tomelloso, España.
authors.forename: Alfredo J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lucendo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome