title: Reference values for frequency volume chart and uroflowmetry parameters in adolescent and adult enuresis patients.
abstract: Reference values of Frequency Volume Chart (FVC) and uroflowmetry parameters for adolescent and adult enuresis patients are lacking. In this study, we aim to describe those parameters, in order to interpret findings from FVCs and uroflowmetries in those patients.
  
  
  
  Retrospective, descriptive cohort study, concerning 907 patients aged 11 years and older, suffering from enuresis of at least one wet night per fortnight, treated in a secondary/tertiary centre, between 2003 and 2013. The main FVC parameters of interest were: maximum voided volume (MVV), 24 hr urine production and nocturnal urine volume (NUV) including first morning void (FMV). Nocturnal polyuria (NP) was defined based on both International Children's Continence Society (ICCS, 2014) and International Continence Society (ICS, 2002) definitions. Data of all patients were collected from the medical files.
  
  
  
  Age had an impact on diurnal and nocturnal FVC parameters. Median MVV excluding FMV was 250 ml in the youngest, 11-year-old males and 363 ml in the eldest, ≥18-yr-old males. For females, these values were 230 ml and 310 ml. Median 24 hr urine production increased from 1,025 ml to 1,502 ml (males) and from 1,007 ml to 1,557 ml (females). Median NUV showed an increase from 387 ml to 519 ml (males) and from 393 ml to 525 (females). Forty-two percent of men and 30% of women had a small MVV (for age). Prevalence of NP differed when assessed by the ICS or the ICCS definition: following ICS guidelines, NP was present in 96% of our male and 93% of our female population, compared to 27% and 41%, respectively, following ICCS guidelines.
  
  
  
  Both small MVV and NP were found frequently in our adolescent and adult enuresis patients, which is in line with the current thoughts on causal factors. NP prevalence is quite different when using ICS or ICCS definitions, respectively. We would like to encourage the development of an unambiguous definition of NP to use both in pediatric and adult urology. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:463-468, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.|Dry Bed Center, Isala Noorderboog, Meppel, The Netherlands.|Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology Center, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hofmeester
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Astrid E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Brinker
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.affiliation: Dry Bed Center, Isala Noorderboog, Meppel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zwaan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.|Dry Bed Center, Isala Noorderboog, Meppel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Capelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology Center, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wout F J
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Feitz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Blanker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: FVC; ICCS; ICS; Nocturnal polyuria; definition; enuresis