title: Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of adolescents in the NCANDA study: Contributions from alcohol consumption, age, sex, ethnicity, and family history of addiction.
abstract: To investigate development of cognitive and motor functions in healthy adolescents and to explore whether hazardous drinking affects the normal developmental course of those functions.
  
  
  
  Participants were 831 adolescents recruited across 5 United States sites of the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence 692 met criteria for no/low alcohol exposure, and 139 exceeded drinking thresholds. Cross-sectional, baseline data were collected with computerized and traditional neuropsychological tests assessing 8 functional domains expressed as composite scores. General additive modeling evaluated factors potentially modulating performance (age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and pubertal developmental stage).
  
  
  
  Older no/low-drinking participants achieved better scores than younger ones on 5 accuracy composites (general ability, abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance). Speeded responses for attention, motor speed, and general ability were sensitive to age and pubertal development. The exceeds-threshold group (accounting for age, sex, and other demographic factors) performed significantly below the no/low-drinking group on balance accuracy and on general ability, attention, episodic memory, emotion, and motor speed scores and showed evidence for faster speed at the expense of accuracy. Delay Discounting performance was consistent with poor impulse control in the younger no/low drinkers and in exceeds-threshold drinkers regardless of age.
  
  
  
  Higher achievement with older age and pubertal stage in general ability, abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance suggests continued functional development through adolescence, possibly supported by concurrently maturing frontal, limbic, and cerebellar brain systems. Determination of whether low scores by the exceeds-threshold group resulted from drinking or from other preexisting factors requires longitudinal study. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Edith V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: Ty
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brumback
authors.affiliation: Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System.
authors.forename: Susan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tapert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fama
authors.forename: Devin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prouty
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: Wesley K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Colrain
authors.forename: Fiona C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Healthy Childhood Brain Development Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: De Bellis
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Duncan B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Sciences University.
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: B Nolan
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohlfing
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Kilian M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D000066608:Underage Drinking; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology