title: NADPH oxidases differentially regulate ROS metabolism and nutrient uptake under cadmium toxicity.
abstract: The role of NADPH oxidases under cadmium (Cd) toxicity was studied using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants AtrbohC, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, which were grown under hydroponic conditions with 25 and 100 μM Cd for 1 and 5 days. Cadmium reduced the growth of leaves in WT, AtrbohC and D, but not in AtrbohF. A time-dependent increase in H2O2and lipid peroxidation was observed in all genotypes, with AtrbohC showing the smallest increase. An opposite behaviour was observed with NO accumulation. Cadmium increased catalase activity in WT plants and decreased it in Atrboh mutants, while glutathione reductase and glycolate oxidase activities increased in Atrboh mutants, and superoxide dismutases were down-regulated in AtrbohC. The GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA couples were also affected by the treatment, principally in AtrbohC and AtrbohF, respectively. Cadmium translocation to the leaves was severely reduced in Atrboh mutants after 1 day of treatment and even after 5 days in AtrbohF. Similar results were observed for S, P, Ca, Zn and Fe accumulation, while an opposite trend was observed for K accumulation, except in AtrbohF. Thus, under Cd stress, RBOHs differentially regulate ROS metabolism, redox homeostasis and nutrient balance and could be of potential interest in biotechnology for the phytoremediation of polluted soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Prof. Albareda No 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIFIB, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.
authors.forename: L B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-6674
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Prof. Albareda No 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Romero-Puertas
authors.affiliation: Postgrados de Agronomía, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Apdo 400, Barquisimeto, 3001, Venezuela.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inouhe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Prof. Albareda No 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sandalio
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Antioxidants; NADPH oxidases; ascorbate; cadmium; glutathione; nitric oxide; nutrient imbalance; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species