title: Efficient Binding of Heavy Metals by Black Sesame Pigment: Toward Innovative Dietary Strategies To Prevent Bioaccumulation.
abstract: Black sesame pigment (BSP) was shown to bind lead, cadmium, and mercury at pH 7.0 and to a lower extent at pH 2.0. BSP at 0.05 mg/mL removed the metals at 15 μM to a significant extent (>65% for cadmium and >90% for mercury and lead), with no changes following simulated digestion. The maximum binding capacities at pH 7.0 were 626.0 mg/g (lead), 42.2 mg/g (cadmium), and 69.3 mg/g (mercury). In the presence of essential metals, such as iron, calcium, and zinc, BSP retained high selectivity toward heavy metals. Model pigments from caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and coniferyl alcohol showed lower or comparable binding ability, suggesting that the marked properties of BSP may result from cooperativity of different sites likely carboxy groups and o-diphenol and guaiacyl functionalities. Direct evidence for the presence of such units was obtained by structural analysis of BSP by solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panzella
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences , Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eidenberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giarra
authors.affiliation: Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cerruti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trifuoggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Napolitano
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008628:Mercury / Q000737:chemistry*; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D031685:Sesamum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002104:Cadmium; D008628:Mercury; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Sesamum indicum L.; black sesame pigment; chelation; heavy metal; phenolic polymers; simulated digestion