title: Left Ventricular Pacing through Coronary Sinus Is Feasible and Safe for Patients with Prior Tricuspid Valve Intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the presence of tricuspid valve intervention, right ventricular lead implantation is associated with the potential risk of tricuspid valve malfunction leading to a tricuspid regurgitation. Few cases have been reported with successful left ventricular pacing via the coronary sinus (CS) after tricuspid valve replacement or repair. In this retrospective study, we present the long-term clinical outcomes of 17 patients who underwent CS lead implantation and left ventricular pacing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen consecutive patients referred to our institution with an indication of postprocedural pacemaker (PM) implantation after tricuspid valve intervention were retrospectively included in the study. The indication for device implantation in all patients was atrial fibrillation with a symptomatic pause ≥ 3.0 seconds. Thus, all devices implanted were ventricular rate responsive (VVIR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All device implantations were successful and uncomplicated. Mean operation time was 60 ± 8 minutes. Mean fluoroscopy time was 8.3 ± 2.1 minutes. Mean R-wave sensing was 7.5 ± 2.0 mV with a mean slew rate of 2.2 V/s. A mean pacing threshold of 1.9 ± 0.3 V/0.4 ms was accepted as patients were not PM-dependent. The pacing impedance was 743.5 ± 109.71 Ohm. At 2-year follow-up, pacing sensing, threshold, and impedance values were unchanged and no lead dislodgement has been noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with tricuspid valve intervention, left ventricular pacing might be the treatment of choice for permanent ventricular pacing, with all the advantages of the endovenous route as a minimally invasive approach.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Skevos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sideris
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drakopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oikonomopoulos
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gatzoulis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stavropoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Limperiadis
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toutouzas
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kallikazaros
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: coronary sinus; pacing; tricuspid valve prosthesis