title: What results to disclose, when, and who decides? Healthcare professionals' views on prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored the views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the UK about what information should be disclosed, when; and whether women/parents should be given a choice as to what they wish to know.
  
  
  METHODS
  Q-methodology was used to assess the views of 40 HCPs (genetic HCPs, fetal medicine experts, lab-scientists).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants agreed that variants of unknown clinical significance should not be disclosed. Participants were divided between those who considered variants of uncertain clinical significance helpful for parents and clinicians, and those who considered them harmful. Although recognising the potential disadvantages of disclosing risks for adult-onset conditions, participants thought it would be difficult to withhold such information once identified. Participants largely supported some parental involvement in determining which results should be returned. Most participants believed that information obtained via CMA testing in pregnancy should either be disclosed during pregnancy, or not at all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCPs taking part in the study largely believed that variants that will inform the management of the pregnancy, or are relevant to other family members, should be reported. Recent UK guidelines, published after this research was completed, reflect these opinions.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Shiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shkedi-Rafid
authors.affiliation: Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.affiliation: Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Sandi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dheensa
authors.affiliation: Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wellesley
authors.affiliation: Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Anneke M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lucassen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002755:Choice Behavior; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D030881:Disclosure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D035501:Uncertainty