title: Intermediate filament dynamics: What we can see now and why it matters.
abstract: The mechanical properties of vertebrate cells are largely defined by the system of intermediate filaments (IF). As part of a dense network, IF polymers are constantly rearranged and relocalized in the cell to fulfill their duty as cells change shape, migrate, or divide. With the development of new imaging technologies, such as photoconvertible proteins and super-resolution microscopy, a new appreciation for the complexity of IF dynamics has emerged. This review highlights new findings about the transport of IF, the remodeling of filaments by a process of severing and re-annealing, and the subunit exchange that occurs between filament precursors and a soluble pool of IF. We will also discuss the unique dynamic features of the keratin IF network. Finally, we will speculate about how the dynamic properties of IF are related to their functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hookway
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Gelfand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D055503:Protein Multimerization
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins
keywords: dynamics; keratin; neurofilament; severing and re-annealing; subunit exchange; transport; vimentin