title: Outcome of extensive descending aorta repair adopting present concepts of spinal cord preservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative radiological identification of the Adamkiewicz artery and intraoperative neurologic monitoring are known to be helpful for preventing paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aorta replacement. To answer whether they should be used routinely, we investigated the incidence of spinal cord ischemia after extensive descending aortic repair without using such modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 95 patients who underwent extensive descending thoracic (DTA) or thoracoabdominal aorta (TAA) repair without the Adamkiewicz artery identification or neurologic monitoring from 2006 through 2010. Spinal cord protection strategy consisted of distal aortic perfusion, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, mild hypothermia, and maintenance of hypertension (systolic≥120mmHg) through the second postoperative day. A few segmental arteries were empirically selected for reimplantation based on the size and the amount of backbleeding; overall 1.4 per patient, 0.3 for DTA, 1.4 for type I, 2.4 for type II, 0.9 for type III, and 0 for type IV TAA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients died early after surgery. All the remaining patients awoke without paraplegia or paraparesis. Delayed deficit occurred in 7 patients (7.4%) after hypotensive events caused by sedation, bleeding, respiratory distress, or cardiac dysfunction. Three patients (3.2%) became permanently paraplegic and the other four recovered completely within 48 hours after cerebrospinal fluid drainage and elevation of systemic blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even without the Adamkiewicz artery identification and neuromonitoring, the incidence of immediate paraplegia could be kept low by applying the strategy based on the modern concept of cord perfusion. The relatively high incidence of delayed deficit suggests the importance of postoperative hemodynamic management and prevention of cardiopulmonary complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea - drkhpark@yahoo.co.kr.
authors.forename: Kay H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cheong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Tae H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Il
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yochum
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome