title: Instrument-related Skin Disorders in Musicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among artists, musicians may suffer from occupational skin problems; notwithstanding, these conditions have been rarely reviewed. The characteristics of individual performer and the type of instrument will determine the kind of disease. Moreover, the hours that the musician spent to advance artistic skill may influence the severity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The frequency and risk factors of instrument-related skin disorders in musicians from southern Italy were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study was conducted in 628 musicians. A questionnaire including questions related to age, sex, instrument played, musical activity, previous or current skin disorders, and impact of skin symptoms on music making was submitted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 628 musicians, 199 (31.7%) reported suffering from at least 1 skin disease. Cutaneous diseases likely directly correlated with the use of the musical instrument were found in 129 (20.5%) of the 628 subjects. In particular, different patterns of irritant contact dermatitis were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skin conditions may be a significant problem in professional instrumentalists. They are mainly related to musical activity. Preventive measures should be established.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Cataldo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patruno
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Bella
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balato
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantelli
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002145:Callosities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C029938:nickel sulfate; D009532:Nickel