title: Harnessing the Cancer Radiation Therapy by Lanthanide-Doped Zinc Oxide Based Theranostic Nanoparticles.
abstract: In this paper, doping of europium (Eu) and gadolinium (Gd) as high-Z elements into zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) was designed to optimize restricted energy absorption from a conventional radiation therapy by X-ray. Gd/Eu-doped ZnO NPs with a size of 9 nm were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. The cytotoxic effects of Eu/Gd-doped ZnO NPs were determined using MTT assay in L929, HeLa, and PC3 cell lines under dark conditions as well as exposure to ultraviolet, X-ray, and γ radiation. Doped NPs at 20 μg/mL concentration under an X-ray dose of 2 Gy were as efficient as 6 Gy X-ray radiation on untreated cells. It is thus suggested that the doped NPs may be used as photoinducers to increase the efficacy of X-rays within the cells, consequently, cancer cell death. The doped NPs also could reduce the received dose by normal cells around the tumor. Additionally, we evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of doped NPs as CT/MRI nanoprobes. Results showed an efficient theranostic nanoparticulate system for simultaneous CT/MR imaging and cancer treatment.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghaemi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mashinchian
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
authors.forename: Tayebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Sharmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kharrazi
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amani
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011827:Radiation; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D005063:Europium; C030581:gadolinium oxide; D005682:Gadolinium; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: ROS generation; doped ZnO; dose enhancement; dual-mode imaging; photocatalytic activity; radiation therapy