title: Performance evaluation of the sulfur-redox-reaction-activated up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and down-flow hanging sponge anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor system for municipal sewage treatment.
abstract: A sulfur-redox-reaction-activated up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system, combined with an anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A2SBR), has been used for municipal sewage treatment for over 2 years. The present system achieved a removal rate of 95±14% for BOD, 74±22% for total nitrogen, and 78±25% for total phosphorus, including low water temperature conditions. Sludge conversion rates during the operational period were 0.016 and 0.218 g-VSS g-COD-removed(-1) for the UASB, and DHS, respectively, which are similar to a conventional UASB-DHS system, which is not used of sulfur-redox-reaction, for sewage treatment. Using the sulfur-redox reaction made advanced treatment of municipal wastewater with minimal sludge generation possible, even in winter. Furthermore, the occurrence of a unique phenomenon, known as the anaerobic sulfur oxidation reaction, was confirmed in the UASB reactor under the winter season.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Namita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maharjan
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dehama
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-04 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan. Electronic address: ecoya@vos.nagaokaut.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010758:Phosphorus; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D012722:Sewage; D013455:Sulfur; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anaerobic sulfur oxidation; Denitrification; Low excess sludge; Phosphorus removal