title: Direct contact between dust and HBCD-treated fabrics is an important pathway of source-to-dust transfer.
abstract: Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are a class of brominated flame retardant that have found extensive application in consumer products used widely in indoor environments. Although uncertainty remains about the human health impacts of HBCDs, ingestion of HBCD-contaminated indoor dust has been shown to be a particularly significant exposure pathway for young children. Despite this, understanding of the mechanisms via which HBCD transfer from products to indoor dust remains incomplete. In this study, an in-house test chamber was used to investigate transfer of HBCDs from a treated textile sample to indoor dust via direct textile:dust contact. Results were compared with previous data using the same test chamber to examine other pathways via which HBCDs transfer from products to dust, and highlighted HBCD transfer via direct source:dust contact as being particularly important. This novel finding was corroborated by complementary experiments that examined HBCD transfer via direct contact, from other treated textiles to three major components of indoor dust: artificial indoor dust, soil particles, and cotton linters.
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rauert
authors.affiliation: Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan (CERI), 1600 Shimotakano, Sugito-machi 345-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuribara
authors.affiliation: Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan (CERI), 1600 Shimotakano, Sugito-machi 345-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan (CERI), 1600 Shimotakano, Sugito-machi 345-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.affiliation: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takigami
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. Electronic address: S.J.Harrad@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrad
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D013784:Textiles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane
keywords: Brominated flame retardants; HBCD; Indoor dust; Source-to-dust transfer