title: Mediterranean dietary pattern in pregnant women and offspring risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in early childhood: the INMA birth cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal models have suggested that maternal diet quality may reduce offspring obesity risk regardless of maternal body weight; however, evidence from human studies is scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy and childhood overweight and abdominal obesity risk at 4 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 1827 mother-child pairs from the Spanish 'Infancia y Medio Ambiente' cohort study, recruited between 2003 and 2008. Diet was assessed during pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire and MD adherence by the relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED). Overweight (including obesity) was defined as an age-specific and sex-specific body mass index ≥85th percentile (World Health Organization referent), and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference (WC) >90th percentile. Multivariate adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between pregnancy rMED and offspring overweight and abdominal obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no association between rMED and body mass index z-score, whereas there was a significant association between higher adherence to MD and lower WC (β of high vs. low rMED: -0.62 cm; 95% confidence interval: -1.10, -0.14 cm, P for trend = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy adherence to the MD was not associated with childhood overweight risk, but it was associated with lower WC, a marker of abdominal obesity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Nutrition and Mental Health Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández-Barrés
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valvi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vioque
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Navarrete-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Palacios
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guxens
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV-EHU), Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pereda
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Hospital San Agustín, SESPA, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Riaño
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tardón
authors.affiliation: FISABIO - Universitat Jaume I - Universitat de València Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iñiguez
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Mental Health Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arija
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vrijheid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Mediterranean diet; childhood obesity; pregnancy