title: [Integration and demonstration of key techniques in the surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province II Molluscicidal effect of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules in large-scale settings].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the field molluscicidal effect of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules, so as to provide a novel Oncomelania hupensis snail control approach for emergency treatment of high-risk settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Snail control tests with spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules were conducted in two settings of 2 counties, and the dose-, time- and setting-specific field molluscicidal effects were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the small-scale setting, spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at doses of 30, 40 and 50 g/m2 resulted in 54.55%, 68.41% and 73.45% 1-day snail mortality, 57.27%, 68.59% and 80.28% 3-day snail mortality, and 63.49%, 77.58% and 85.55% 7-day snail mortality, respectively, and no significant differences were detected in 1- and 3-day snail mortality caused by spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at doses of 30 and 40 g/m2 (all P > 0.05), while significant difference was found in the 7-day snail mortality (χ2 = 4.549, P < 0.05). In addition, spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at doses of 40 and 50 g/m2 resulted in comparable 1-, 3- and 7-day snail mortality (all P > 0.05). In the large-scale setting, spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at a dose of 40 g/m2 resulted in 85.29% and 87.70% 3-day snail mortality, 83.89% and 91.02% 7-day snail mortality, and 83.41% and 91.84% 15-day snail mortality in the environment-cleaning group and non-cleaning group, respectively. The overall snail mortality was 90.02% in the environment-cleaning group 3 to 15 days after spraying, which was significantly higher than that (84.28%) in the non-cleaning group (χ2 = 9.950, P < 0.05). After 15 days of spraying with 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at a dose of 40 g/m2, the densities of living snails reduced from 19.90 and 19.83 snails/0.1 m2 to 0.60 and 2.60 snails/0.1 m2 in the environment-cleaning group and non-cleaning group, with 96.98% and 86.89% reductions, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appropriate dose of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules is 40 g/m2 for snail control in the field, and environment cleaning of vegetation with a height of more than 50 cm may improve the molluscicidal efficacy.
authors.forename: Zheng-qiu
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-cai
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Le-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Fu-biao
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing-biao
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: You-sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jian-rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012908:Snails
chemical_list: D004983:Ethanolamines; D008975:Molluscacides; D009534:Niclosamide