title: Changes in Nocturia and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms after Radical Prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in nocturia and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 96 patients who underwent LRP or RALP for clinically localized prostate cancer and completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, which provided a basis for assessing their symptoms. We also evaluated maximal flow rate and post-void residual urine volume over a follow-up period of at least 24 months. We divided the patients into three groups according to postoperative changes in the frequency of nocturia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Voiding symptoms significantly improved over the course of 24 months in patients who underwent LRP or RALP. However, most patients showed persistent or increased nocturia after LRP or RALP. Moreover, more than one third of the patients (33/96) presented with exacerbated nocturia (1.0±0.9 episodes of preoperative nocturia vs. 3.0±1.3 episodes of postoperative nocturia). Multiple regression analysis showed that preoperative IPSS storage sub-score had negative association with the nocturia after radical prostatectomy (p=0.005). However, patients' age, body mass index, preoperative prostate specific antigen, Gleason score, T-stage, and prostate volume had no association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that nocturia was influenced by a range of factors, including other storage LUTS and the relief of bladder outlet obstruction after radical prostatectomy. Moreover, the preoperative storage symptoms are regarded as an important factor which influences the changes of nocturia after radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Sup
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woong Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuck Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hoo
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Kon
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.; Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Laparoscopy; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Nocturia; Robotic surgical procedures