title: Thyroid hormones effects on oxidative stress and cardiac remodeling in the right ventricle of infarcted rats.
abstract: Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction post-myocardial infarction (MI) was associated with a worsened prognosis. In this scenario, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are related with the progression from MI to heart failure. Previous work showed that thyroid hormones (TH) are cardioprotective after MI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the effect of T3 and T4 administration on oxidative stress and angiogenesis parameters in the RV after MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: Sham-operated (SHAM), infarcted (AMI), sham-operated + TH (SHAMT), and infarcted+TH (AMIT). The treated groups received T3 (2 μg/100g/day) and T4 (8 μg/100g/day) by gavage for 26 days. After this, echocardiographic analysis was performed and the RV was collected to western blot and biochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infarcted treated rats showed RV hypertrophy compared with AMI and SHAMT. Hydrogen peroxide levels were decrease and SOD activity and expression were increased in the infarcted treated rats. Besides that, the hormonal administration increased eNOS expression and prevented the reduction of VEGF levels in AMIT rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, TH seems to improve oxidative stress parameters, to promote physiological hypertrophy and to increase the expression of proteins involved with angiogenesis in the right heart.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giana B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Corssac
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: alsanderaraujo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexandre L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tânia Regina G
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belló-Klein
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex Sander R
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Araujo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004452:Echocardiography; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Angiogenesis; Heart Failure; Redox balance; T3; T4