title: Multi-Injury Casualty Stream Simulation in a Shipboard Combat Environment.
abstract: Accurate forecasts of casualty streams are essential for estimating personnel and materiel requirements for future naval combat engagements. The scarcity of recent naval combat data makes accurate forecasting difficult. Furthermore, current forecasts are based on single injuries only, even though empirical evidence indicates most battle casualties suffer multiple injuries. These anticipated single-injury casualty streams underestimate the needed medical resources. This article describes a method of simulating realistic multi-injury casualty streams in a maritime environment by combining available shipboard data with ground combat blast data. The simulations, based on the Military Combat Injury Scale, are expected to provide a better tool for medical logistics planning.
authors.affiliation: Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106.
authors.forename: Vern
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.affiliation: Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zouris
authors.affiliation: Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.affiliation: SimQuest Solutions, Inc., 954 Melvin Road, Annapolis, MD 21403.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawnick
authors.affiliation: Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galarneau
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004189:Disaster Planning; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology; D009326:Naval Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology