title: MicroRNA and Pathogenesis of Enterovirus Infection.
abstract: There are no currently available specific antiviral therapies for non-polio Enterovirus infections. Although several vaccines have entered clinical trials, the efficacy requires further evaluation, particularly for cross-strain protective activity. Curing patients with viral infections is a public health problem due to antigen alterations and drug resistance caused by the high genomic mutation rate. To conquer these limits in the development of anti-Enterovirus treatments, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between Enterovirus and host cells is urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA) constitutes the biggest family of gene regulators in mammalian cells and regulates almost a half of all human genes. The roles of miRNAs in Enterovirus pathogenesis have recently begun to be noted. In this review, we shed light on recent advances in the understanding of Enterovirus infection-modulated miRNAs. The impacts of altered host miRNAs on cellular processes, including immune escape, apoptosis, signal transduction, shutdown of host protein synthesis and viral replication, are discussed. Finally, miRNA-based medication provides a promising strategy for the development of antiviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. f94424002@ntu.edu.tw.|Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. f94424002@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Bing-Ching
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. pcyang@ntu.edu.tw.|Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. pcyang@ntu.edu.tw.|Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. pcyang@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Pan-Chyr
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. slyu@ntu.edu.tw.|Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. slyu@ntu.edu.tw.|Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. slyu@ntu.edu.tw.|Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. slyu@ntu.edu.tw.|Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. slyu@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sung-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: apoptosis; microRNA; non-coding RNA; protein synthesis shutdown; virus replication