title: Development and Application of a Method for Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Three β-agonists (Clenbuterol, Ractopamine, and Zilpaterol) using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: β-agonists are anabolic compounds that promote fat loss and muscle gain, and their administration to livestock may provide economic benefits by increasing growth rate and feed efficiency. For these reasons, β-agonists are also commonly added to livestock feed as growth promoters. This can introduce a significant risk of secondary human poisoning through intake of contaminated meat. A new method for the simultaneous determination of three β-agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol) was developed in this study and applied to various meat samples. The limits of quantification, derived through a validation test following Codex guidelines, were 0.2 μg/kg for clenbuterol and zilpaterol, and 0.4 μg/kg for ractopamine. The average recoveries for clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol ranged from 109.1% to 118.3%, 95.3% to 109.0%, and 94.1% to 120.0%, respectively. The recovery and coefficient of variation (CV) values fell within the acceptable range according to the Codex guidelines. This method reduced the analysis time without decreasing detection efficiency by modifying the pretreatment steps. This method could be utilized to manage the safety of imported meat products from countries where zilpaterol use is still permitted, thereby improving public health and preventing β-agonist poisoning due to secondary contamination.
authors.affiliation: Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration, Incheon 402-835, Korea.
authors.forename: In Kyung
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 158-050, Korea.
authors.forename: Seo Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration, Incheon 402-835, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyutae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: BK21 PLUS program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Seongbeom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: clenbuterol; ractopamine; zilpaterol