title: [Current methods for modelling voice production].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many details of the phonatory process are not yet fully understood. Besides observational research, scientists have long since been trying to explain the physical fundamentals of voicing using simulations. This approach is commonly called modeling. However, the knowledge gained often failed to find its way to professionals working with the voice, such as singing teachers, voice therapists, and voice coaches, and sometimes also to otorhinolaryngologists and phoniatricians. The reason for this is that scientific publications on this topic mostly contain very detailed mathematical and physical descriptions, which are often hard to understand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A simplified presentation and explanation of current methods for modeling the phonatory process, which have contributed greatly to uncovering and understanding the relationships involved in voicing during recent years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presented methods cover a wide spectrum, ranging from numerically rather simple to mathematically highly complex models. Experimental models are based on self-oscillating silicon or static vocal folds. Cadaver models have the advantage of being representative of the natural phonation process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overview of different kinds of models is given to show the diversity of modeling approaches without going into mathematical or physical details.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerical and experimental models for simulating the phonatory process enable causalities and correlations to be uncovered, which can be used in the future to adapt conservative and surgical voice therapies, or even to suggest entire new treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie an der HNO-Klinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Bohlenplatz 21, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland. michael.doellinger@uk-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Döllinger
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie an der HNO-Klinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Bohlenplatz 21, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kniesburges
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics/E325-A4, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Wien, Österreich.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaltenbacher
authors.affiliation: Institut für Musikermedizin, Uniklinik Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 60, 79102, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echternach
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000379:methods*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Computer simulation; Larynx; Phonation; Sound; Vocal cords