title: The Effectiveness of Neck Stretching Exercises Following Total Thyroidectomy on Reducing Neck Pain and Disability: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there are a limited number of studies showing effects of neck stretching exercises following a thyroidectomy in reducing neck discomfort symptoms, no study has specifically dealt with and examined the effect of neck stretching exercises on neck pain and disability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of neck stretching exercises, following a total thyroidectomy, on reducing neck pain and disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted. The participants were randomly assigned either to the stretching exercise group (n = 40) or to the control group (n = 40). The stretching exercise group learned the neck stretching exercises immediately after total thyroidectomy. The effects of the stretching exercises on the participants' neck pain and disability, neck sensitivity, pain with neck movements as well as on wound healing, were evaluated at the end of the first week and at 1 month following surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) scores, neck sensitivity and pain with neck movement before thyroidectomy, after 1 week and after 1-month time-points, it was found that patients experienced significantly less pain and disability in the stretching exercise group than the control group (p < .001). At the end of the first week, the NPDS scores (mean [SD] = 8.82 [12.23] vs. 30.28 [12.09]), neck sensitivity scores (median [IR] = 0 [.75] vs. 2.00 [4.0]) and pain levels with neck movements (median [IR] = 0 [2.0] vs. 3.5 [5.75]) of the stretching exercise group were significantly lower than those of the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the scores at the 1-month evaluation (p > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neck stretching exercises done immediately after a total thyroidectomy reduce short-term neck pain and disability symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Member, Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ayhan
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevinc
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tastan
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iyigün
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Görgülü
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey
keywords: disability; neck pain; neck stretching exercises; thyroidectomy