title: Fate and transport of agriculturally applied fungicidal compounds, azoxystrobin and propiconazole.
abstract: Fungicidal active ingredients azoxystrobin and propiconazole, individually and in combination, have been marketed worldwide in a range of fungicide treatment products for preventative and curative purposes, respectively. Their presence in streams located throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States warrant the need for research into the potential routes of transport of these fungicides in an agricultural field setting. Potential canopy penetration and drift effects of these fungicides during aerial and ground applications were studied in the current project. Canopy penetration was observed for both application types, however drift was associated only with the aerial application of these fungicides. Azoxystrobin and propiconazole persisted in the soil up to 301 d, with peak concentrations occurring approximately 30 d after application. The predominant mode of transport for these compounds was agricultural runoff water, with the majority of the fungicidal active ingredients leaving the target area during the first rain event following application. The timing of application in relation to the first rain event significantly affected the amount of loss that occurred, implying application practices should follow manufacturer recommended guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Tracye M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA. Electronic address: mlydy@siu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lydy
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D007087:Illinois; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008689:Methacrylates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014230:Triazoles; C045950:propiconazole; C087670:azoxystrobin
keywords: Azoxystrobin; Drift; Fungicides; Propiconazole; Transport