title: DNA duplication is essential for the repair of gastrointestinal perforation in the insect midgut.
abstract: Invertebrate animals have the capacity of repairing wounds in the skin and gut via different mechanisms. Gastrointestinal perforation, a hole in the human gastrointestinal system, is a serious condition, and surgery is necessary to repair the perforation to prevent an abdominal abscess or sepsis. Here we report the repair of gastrointestinal perforation made by a needle-puncture wound in the silkworm larval midgut. Following insect gut perforation, only a weak immune response was observed because the growth of Escherichia coli alone was partially inhibited by plasma collected at 6 h after needle puncture of the larval midgut. However, circulating hemocytes did aggregate over the needle-puncture wound to form a scab. While, cell division and apoptosis were not observed at the wound site, the needle puncture significantly enhanced DNA duplication in cells surrounding the wound, which was essential to repair the midgut perforation. Due to the repair capacity and limited immune response caused by needle puncture to the midgut, this approach was successfully used for the injection of small compounds (ethanol in this study) into the insect midgut. Consequently, this needle-puncture wounding of the insect gut can be developed for screening compounds for use as gut chemotherapeutics in the future.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.|Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Wuren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Beerntsen
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Erjun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004261:DNA Replication; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D007313:Insecta; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000235:genetics*; D007814:Larva; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000235:genetics*