title: School experiences may be important determinants of mental health problems in middle childhood - a Swedish longitudinal population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the association between school experiences and mental health in young schoolchildren. This study explored the cross-sectional and prospective associations between children's school experiences and mental health in middle childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We gathered comprehensive population-based data on the school experiences and mental health of 592 schoolchildren attending grades three and six in Sweden (ages approximately nine and 12 years). The KIDSCREEN questionnaire was used to measure school experiences in both age groups while the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measured mental health in grades three and six, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with problematic school experiences in grade three had an approximately two times higher odds for concurrent total, internalised, externalised, attention-hyperactivity and social problems. They also had a 1.5-2.5 higher odds for these mental health problems three years later. Likewise, there was an association between problematic school experiences in grade three and lower levels of prosocial behaviour three years later. These associations were shown in both boys and girls, but were particularly pronounced in girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated that school experiences in young schoolchildren may be important determinants of concurrent and later mental health problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Waenerlund
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stenmark
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hägglöf
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.|Umeå Center for Gender Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Öhman
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Solveig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D012574:Schools; D012940:Social Problems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Child; Longitudinal studies; Mental health; Psychosocial factors; Schools