title: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder at Ages 13-18: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  "Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder" (DMDD) has been introduced into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. but the utility of this new label and the clinical correlates of the children it describes are yet to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A proxy for the DMDD diagnosis was extracted from the National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) data on 6483 adolescents (51.4% female) including Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnoses and measures of impaired functioning from the Sheehan Disability Scale. Cross tabulations and logistic regression were used to assess for prevalence and comorbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 310 (5.26%) adolescents met the criteria for DMDD when diagnostic hierarchy and frequency of outbursts were not considered. At the low end of prevalence estimation, only nine adolescents (0.12%) met the most stringent proxy diagnosis, and they also met criteria for a number of comorbid disorders and functional impairment. The rates of comorbidity and functional impairment in adolescents with bipolar disorder were the same, irrespective of their meeting criteria for DMDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DMDD diagnosis captures a small group of adolescents with multiple other psychiatric and neurologic conditions. The specificity of this diagnostic label, therefore, at least in adolescents, remains an open question.
authors.affiliation: 1 The Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont , College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Althoff
authors.affiliation: 1 The Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont , College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Eileen T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Crehan
authors.affiliation: 2 Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: 2 Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Marcy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burstein
authors.affiliation: 1 The Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont , College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hudziak
authors.affiliation: 2 Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Merikangas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires