title: Pure Erythroid Leukemia Mimicking Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor in an Infant.
abstract: Pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) is a rare type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a very aggressive clinical course. Presentation as a myeloid/erythroid sarcoma is exceedingly rare. We describe an infantile PEL presenting as a multifocal myeloid sarcoma, clinically and pathologically mimicking Ewing sarcoma/PNET family of tumors. The patient died 8 weeks after the initial presentation due to widespread disease. Our case shows that PEL needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of small round blue cell tumors in infancy. A meticulous workup including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, molecular, and cytogenetic studies was required to reach the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.
authors.forename: Razvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lapadat
authors.affiliation: MACC Fund Research Center, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Tower
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gheorghe
mesh_terms: D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Ewings/PNET; erythroid leukemia; pathology; pediatric oncology