title: Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling by stress-induced RNA granules.
abstract: Activation of antiviral innate immunity is triggered by cellular pattern recognition receptors. Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) detect viral non-self RNA in cytoplasm of virus-infected cells and play a critical role in the clearance of the invaded viruses through production of antiviral cytokines. Among the three known RLRs, RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 recognize distinct non-self signatures of viral RNA and activate antiviral signaling. Recent reports have clearly described the molecular machinery underlying the activation of RLRs and interactions with the downstream adaptor, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). RLRs and MAVS are thought to form large multimeric filaments around cytoplasmic organelles depending on the presence of Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains. Furthermore, RLRs have been shown to localize to stress-induced ribonucleoprotein aggregate known as stress granules and utilize them as a platform for recognition/activation of signaling. In this review, we will focus on the current understanding of RLR-mediated signal activation and the interactions with stress-induced RNA granules.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan myoneyam@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jogi
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onomoto
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D051379:Mice; D025821:Polyubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C505371:MAVS protein, human; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D025821:Polyubiquitin; C520569:DHX58 protein, human; C452820:RIGI protein, human; C452815:IFIH1 protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D020365:RNA Helicases
keywords: RNA; innate immunity; retinoic acid inducible gene-I-like receptor; stress response; viral infection