title: An efficient strategy to assemble water soluble histidine-perylene diimide and graphene oxide for the detection of PPi in physiological conditions and in vitro.
abstract: A strategy to develop water soluble, biocompatible nanocomposite probe for the detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) in physiological conditions and in in vitro live melanoma cancer cells (B16F10) is reported. The self-assembled nanocomposite probe comprised of amino acid (histidine) functionalized perylenediimide (PDI-HIS), copper ion and graphene oxide (GO) and that could be utilized as a highly effective sensing platform in biological conditions and cellular environment via fluorescence "turn-on" for PPi detection. This controlled fabrication of metal organic self-assembled spheres along with GO proved very valuable for the detection of PPi in unprecedented sensitivity over other competing ions. The PDI-HIS-Cu-GO (PCG) nanocomposite sensor provides a unique platform for the fluorogenic detection of PPi having a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.60×10-7M based on the strong affinity (1.0×106M-1) between the copper complex of PDI-HIS receptor and PPi. The intracellular detection of PPi using PCG also carried out in B16F10 cells where >10 times observed as compared to the PDI-HIS+Cu2+complex. Thus early cancer detection via PPi recognition in physiological conditions and in live cells was possible using PCG. Furthermore, the fabrication of PDI-HIS and PCG with PVA hydrogel films and on thin layer chromatography plates demonstrated the practical utility for the detection of PPi anions by "off-on" response rapidly in a label free manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muthuraj
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai-600 113, India.
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India.
authors.forename: Sayan Roy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai-600 113, India. Electronic address: crpatra@iict.res.in.
authors.forename: Chitta Ranjan
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India; Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India. Electronic address: pki@iitg.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Parameswar K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D007094:Imides / Q000737:chemistry*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates; D007094:Imides; D010087:Oxides; C521332:perylenediimide; D014867:Water; C107241:diphosphoric acid; D006639:Histidine; D010569:Perylene; D006108:Graphite; D003300:Copper
keywords: Biosensor; Cancer; Copper; Graphene oxide; Histidine; Inorganic phosphate; Nanocomposite; Perylene diimide