title: Correlation between the combination of apparent integrated backscatter-spectral centroid shift and bone mineral density.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a new diagnostic parameter: the linear combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasonic backscatter measurements were performed at the calcanei of 1262 volunteers in vivo. The hip and spine bone mineral densities of the volunteers were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. The apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift were calculated. A new diagnostic parameter, i.e., the linear combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift, was introduced and its correlation to bone mineral density was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that the combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift is significantly correlated to bone mineral density (R = 0.73-0.84, n = 1262, p < 0.05), and that this correlation is more significant than the correlation between the apparent integrated backscatter and bone mineral density or the correlation between spectral centroid shift and bone mineral density (R = 0.48-0.69, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift can provide the complementary information of attenuation of the two parameters and predict more information about cancellous bone, and may be employed to assess cancellous bone status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. tda@fudan.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China. tda@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ta
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D000071556:Cancellous Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012737:Sex Factors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Apparent integrated backscatter; Bone mineral density; Cancellous bone; Linear combination of apparent integrated backscatter and spectral centroid shift; Spectral centroid shift