title: INTRAARTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY FOR RETINOBLASTOMA IN A 2-MONTH-OLD INFANT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intraarterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma is usually reserved for infants aged 3 months or older because of the intricacy of the newborn vascular anatomy making the procedure technically challenging. The authors report a successful case of intraarterial chemotherapy performed in a 2-month-old infant using a minimal exposure approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 2-month-old infant presented with leukocoria and was subsequently diagnosed with an exophytic Group D retinoblastoma in the right eye. The infant received melphalan 3 mg delivered into the ostium of the ophthalmic artery of the right eye under fluoroscopic guidance. Examination under anesthesia a month later showed complete tumor regression to a calcified Type I scar. After a second cycle of intraarterial chemotherapy, no further treatment was necessary. There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraarterial chemotherapy is generally used for retinoblastoma in infants aged 3 months or older. The patient was successfully catheterized and treated at 2 months of age, with complete tumor regression after a single chemotherapy dose. Thus, in expert hands, intraarterial chemotherapy can be considered in such young infants.
authors.affiliation: *Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; †St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; ‡Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and §Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Tejal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magan
authors.forename: Chloe T L
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Pascal M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D008558:Melphalan