title: A new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using ionic liquid based microemulsion coupled with cloud point extraction for determination of copper in serum and water samples.
abstract: A simple and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on ionic liquid assisted microemulsion (IL-µE-DLLME) combined with cloud point extraction has been developed for preconcentration copper (Cu(2+)) in drinking water and serum samples of adolescent female hepatitits C (HCV) patients. In this method a ternary system was developed to form microemulsion (µE) by phase inversion method (PIM), using ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4mim][PF6]) and nonionic surfactant, TX-100 (as a stabilizer in aqueous media). The Ionic liquid microemulsion (IL-µE) was evaluated through visual assessment, optical light microscope and spectrophotometrically. The Cu(2+) in real water and aqueous acid digested serum samples were complexed with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) and extracted into IL-µE medium. The phase separation of stable IL-µE was carried out by the micellar cloud point extraction approach. The influence of of different parameters such as pH, oxine concentration, centrifugation time and rate were investigated. At optimized experimental conditions, the limit of detection and enhancement factor were found to be 0.132 µg/L and 70 respectively, with relative standard deviation <5%. In order to validate the developed method, certified reference materials (SLRS-4 Riverine water) and human serum (Sero-M10181) were analyzed. The resulting data indicated a non-significant difference in obtained and certified values of Cu(2+). The developed procedure was successfully applied for the preconcentration and determination of trace levels of Cu(2+) in environmental and biological samples.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: salma_arain67@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Salma Aslam
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: tgkazi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: hassanimranafridi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: mshahzadi71@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mariam Shahzadi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: haleem_analyst@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdul Haleem
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Panhwar
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: khannaeemullah@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Naeemullah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: jab_mughal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan. Electronic address: shah_ceac@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C412621:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; D060766:Drinking Water; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C551282:polyethylene glycol monooctylphenyl ether; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003300:Copper
keywords: Cloud point extraction; Copper; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Flame atomic absorption spectrometry; Ionic liquid; Phase inversion method