title: Effect of Intensive Versus Usual Blood Pressure Control on Kidney Function Among Individuals With Prior Lacunar Stroke: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Randomized Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering on kidney function among individuals with established cerebrovascular disease and preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is not established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 2610 participants randomized to a lower (<130 mm Hg) versus higher (130-149 mm Hg) systolic BP target with repeated measures of serum creatinine, we evaluated differences by study arm in annualized eGFR decline and rapid decline (eGFR decline >30%) using linear mixed models and logistic regression, respectively. We assessed associations of both treatment and kidney function decline with stroke, major vascular events, and the composite of stroke, death, major vascular events, or myocardial infarction using multivariable Cox regression, separately and jointly including a test for interaction. Analyses were conducted by treatment arm. Mean age was 63±11 years; 949 participants (36%) were diabetic; and mean eGFR was 80±19 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2). At 9 months, achieved systolic BP was 137±15 versus 127±14 mm Hg in the higher versus lower BP group, and differences were maintained throughout follow-up (mean, 3.2 years). Compared with the higher target, the lower BP target had a -0.50-mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) per year (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.79 to -0.21) faster eGFR decline. Differences were most pronounced during the first year (-2.1 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2); 95% CI, -0.97 to -3.2), whereas rates of eGFR decline did not differ after year 1 (-0.095; 95% CI, -0.47 to 0.23). A total of 313 patients (24%) in the lower BP group had rapid kidney function decline compared with 247 (19%) in the higher BP group (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6). Differences in rapid decline by treatment arm were apparent in the first year (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8) but were not significant after year 1 (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.73-1.4). Rapid decline was associated with higher risk for stroke, major vascular events, and composite after full adjustment among individuals randomized to the higher BP target (stroke hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15-3.21) but not the lower BP arm (stroke hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.50-1.75; all P for interaction <0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with prior lacunar stroke and relatively preserved kidney function, intensive BP lowering was associated with a greater likelihood of rapid kidney function decline. Differences were observed primarily during the first year of antihypertensive treatment. Rapid kidney function decline was not associated with increased risk for clinical events among those undergoing intensive BP lowering.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00059306.
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.). carmenalicia.peralta@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Carmen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.).
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.).
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherzer
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.).
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Odden
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.).
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shlipak
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.).
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Benavente
authors.affiliation: From The Kidney Health Research Collaborative at University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center (C.A.P., R.S., M.S.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Oregon State University, Corvallis (M.C.O.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (C.L.W., P.P.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (O.B.).
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pergola
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D059409:Stroke, Lacunar / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
keywords: cerebrovascular disorders; hypertension; kidney; stroke