title: Radiation-induced autophagy: mechanisms and consequences.
abstract: Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, indispensable, lysosome-mediated degradation process, which helps in maintaining homeostasis during various cellular traumas. During stress, a context-dependent role of autophagy has been observed which drives the cell towards survival or death depending upon the type, time, and extent of the damage. The process of autophagy is stimulated during various cellular insults, e.g. oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, imbalances in calcium homeostasis, and altered mitochondrial potential. Ionizing radiation causes ROS-dependent as well as ROS-independent damage in cells that involve macromolecular (mainly DNA) damage, as well as ER stress induction, both capable of inducing autophagy. This review summarizes the current understanding on the roles of oxidative stress, ER stress, DNA damage, altered mitochondrial potential, and calcium imbalance in radiation-induced autophagy as well as the merits and limitations of targeting autophagy as an approach for radioprotection and radiosensitization.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Metabolic Cell Signaling Research , Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Delhi , India ;|b Department of Biotechnology , Delhi Technological University , Delhi , India ;
authors.forename: Madhuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaurasia
authors.affiliation: a Division of Metabolic Cell Signaling Research , Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Delhi , India ;
authors.forename: Anant Narayan
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biotechnology , Delhi Technological University , Delhi , India ;
authors.forename: Asmita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: a Division of Metabolic Cell Signaling Research , Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Delhi , India ;|c Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur , Tamil Nadu , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Bilikere S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Dwarakanath
authors.affiliation: a Division of Metabolic Cell Signaling Research , Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Delhi , India ;
authors.forename: Kulbhushan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy; D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D056890:Eukaryota; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: Calcium; DNA damage response; ER stress; mitophagy; oxidative stress