title: Rhabdomyolysis induced by antiepileptic drugs: characteristics, treatment and prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhabdomyolysis syndrome refers to a variety of factors that affect the striated muscle cell membrane, the membrane channels and its energy supply. Most cases of rhabdomyolysis are due to direct trauma. However, infection, toxins, drugs, muscle ischemia, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic diseases, genetic diseases and abnormal body temperature can also lead to rhabdomyolysis. Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases. The primary long-term treatment is antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), which may cause rhabdomyolysis. This article summarizes the characteristics, treatment methods and prognosis of patients with rhabdomyolysis that is induced by antiepileptic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE searches of the literature using the keywords "epilepsy", "antiepileptic drugs","status epilepticus","rhabdomyolysis", and "antiepileptic drugs and rhabdomyolysis syndrome" as well as extensive personal clinical experience with various antiepileptic drugs. Potential relationships between antiepileptic drugs and rhabdomyolysis are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Worldwide, there are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients, most of whom are treated with drugs. Reports have indicated that the majority of antiepileptic drugs on the market can cause rhabdomyolysis. Although rhabdomyolysis induced by antiepileptic drugs is a rare condition with a low incidence, this condition has serious consequences and merits attention from clinicians.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.|c Center of Epilepsy , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shengnian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: acute renal failure; antiepileptic drug; creatine kinase; rhabdomyolysis