title: The Performance of Methods to Test Upper-Level Mediation in the Presence of Nonnormal Data.
abstract: A Monte Carlo study compared the statistical performance of standard and robust multilevel mediation analysis methods to test indirect effects for a cluster randomized experimental design under various departures from normality. The performance of these methods was examined for an upper-level mediation process, where the indirect effect is a fixed effect and a group-implemented treatment is hypothesized to impact a person-level outcome via a person-level mediator. Two methods-the bias-corrected parametric percentile bootstrap and the empirical-M test-had the best overall performance. Methods designed for nonnormal score distributions exhibited elevated Type I error rates and poorer confidence interval coverage under some conditions. Although preliminary, the findings suggest that new mediation analysis methods may provide for robust tests of indirect effects.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Educational Psychology , University of Texas at Austin .
authors.forename: Keenan A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pituch
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , University of Maryland , Baltimore County.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stapleton