title: Determination of parabens and benzophenone-type UV filters in human placenta. First description of the existence of benzyl paraben and benzophenone-4.
abstract: UV filters and parabens (PBs) are chemicals used in daily personal care and hygiene products to protect materials and humans from the adverse effects of UV radiation and to preserve the integrity of the formulation, respectively. Several studies highlight their widespread environmental occurrence and endocrine disrupting effects. However, little is known about human exposure to these compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the exposure of human embryos and foetuses to endocrine disrupting UV filters and PBs. Placentas from volunteer mothers in Barcelona were collected at delivery after informed, written consent by the pregnant women. UV filters and parabens were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The excellent performance of the method allowed measuring the target compounds in human placental tissue at low ng/g fresh weight level. The detection frequency of the selected compounds was in the range 17-100%. Benzophenone-1, methyl paraben, butyl paraben and benzyl paraben were detected in all samples. The highest measured concentration corresponded to methyl paraben, 11.77ng/g fresh weight. Reported concentrations of benzophenone-4 and benzyl paraben constitute the first evidence about their accumulation in placenta. The results obtained corroborate that foetuses are exposed to a wide diversity of UV filters and PBs via the placenta.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). C/Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valle-Sistac
authors.affiliation: Dept. Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). C/Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molins-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pg. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, E-08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pg. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, E-08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.affiliation: Dept. Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). C/Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
authors.affiliation: Dept. Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). C/Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: sdcqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvia Díaz-Cruz
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010226:Parabens / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013030:Spain; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010226:Parabens; D013473:Sunscreening Agents
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Endocrine disruptors; Human exposure; Parabens; Placenta; UV filters