title: Psychosocial factors not metabolic control impact the quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quality of life is a major focus of health care today. In published studies on patients with type 2 diabetes, findings on quality of life are mixed. Those with diabetes have chronic illness and must adhere to a complicated care regimen daily, which for many patients is challenging. This study analyzed psychosocial factors and metabolic control as potential predictors of quality of life among these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 397 patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted in a hospital in Nanjing, China. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were collected from the medical record. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Diabetes Distress Scale, and Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form were administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean score of quality of life was 67.80 ± 13.44 on a 100-point scale. General self-efficacy (β = 0.340, P < 0.001), diabetes distress (β = -0.266, P < 0.001), and diabetes empowerment ability (β = 0.207, P < 0.001) were predictors of quality of life. In contrast, other factors including HbA1c, diabetes complications, and the duration of diabetes were not associated with quality of life (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicated that psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy, diabetes distress, and diabetes empowerment ability are related to quality of life. Assessment and interventions aimed at reducing psychosocial problems should be applied in diabetes care.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.|Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.|Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Affiliated with the ISP Fellowship Support Program, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.|Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.|Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. lqq188@yahoo.com.|Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. lqq188@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological
keywords: China; Diabetes distress; Empowerment; Quality of life; Self-efficacy; Type 2 diabetes