title: Tinnitus and its current treatment--Still an enigma in medicine.
abstract: Tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception that occurs in humans. Tinnitus, which is a distressing problem affecting many people around the world, is commonly referred to as ringing in the ears. No effective drug therapy is available for this elusive disease, although much research work into mechanism and possible treatment is underway. As yet, there are no Food and Drug Administration approved drugs available and the quest for a new treatment option for tinnitus focus on important challenges in tinnitus management. A number of options have been used to treat patients with tinnitus, but outcomes have been limited. A new, curative modality will provide a turning point in the management of tinnitus. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the pathophysiology, global burden, current treatment, and prevention of tinnitus, with future prospective studies in new drug therapy for this elusive condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha "O" Anusandhan University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Electronic address: santoshvoltaire@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Santosh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha "O" Anusandhan University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Saumyadarshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, KIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Jayprakash Russel
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ravan
authors.affiliation: Central Research Laboratory, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha "O" Anusandhan University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Mahesh Chandra
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sahu
mesh_terms: D001307:Auditory Perception; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: pathophysiology; tinnitus; tinnitus retraining therapy; treatment