title: Testicular cancer: germ cell tumours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than half of painless solid swellings of the body of the testis are malignant, with a peak incidence in men aged 30 to 34 years. Most testicular cancers are germ cell tumours and half of these are seminomas, which tend to affect older men and have a good prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments following orchidectomy in men diagnosed with stage 1 germ cell tumours (confined to testis)? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At this update, 76 records were screened for inclusion. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 47 studies and the further review of 29 full publications. Of the 29 full articles evaluated, two systematic reviews and one RCT, were added at this update. Data from long-term follow-up of an already reported study were also added. We performed a GRADE evaluation for seven PICO combinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for seven interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy (including different drugs and the number of cycles), adjuvant radiotherapy (including different regimens), adjuvant surgery, and surveillance/observation.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Padraig
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Warde
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*