title: Robust Bayesian Algorithm for Targeted Compound Screening in Forensic Toxicology.
abstract: As part of forensic toxicological investigation of cases involving unexpected death of an individual, targeted or untargeted xenobiotic screening of post-mortem samples is normally conducted. To this end, liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) is typically employed. For data analysis, almost all commonly applied algorithms are threshold-based (frequentist). These algorithms examine the value of a certain measurement (e.g., peak height) to decide whether a certain xenobiotic of interest (XOI) is present/absent, yielding a binary output. Frequentist methods pose a problem when several sources of information [e.g., shape of the chromatographic peak, isotopic distribution, estimated mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), adduct, etc.] need to be combined, requiring the approach to make arbitrary decisions at substep levels of data analysis. We hereby introduce a novel Bayesian probabilistic algorithm for toxicological screening. The method tackles the problem with a different strategy. It is not aimed at reaching a final conclusion regarding the presence of the XOI, but it estimates its probability. The algorithm effectively and efficiently combines all possible pieces of evidence from the chromatogram and calculates the posterior probability of the presence/absence of XOI features. This way, the model can accommodate more information by updating the probability if extra evidence is acquired. The final probabilistic result assists the end user to make a final decision with respect to the presence/absence of the xenobiotic. The Bayesian method was validated and found to perform better (in terms of false positives and false negatives) than the vendor-supplied software package.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woldegebriel
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute , P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonsalves
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Forensic Institute , P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands.|CLHC, Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Asten
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vivó-Truyols
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012984:Software; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015262:Xenobiotics