title: Enhanced Chromatographic Determination of Nicotine in Human Plasma: Applied to Human Volunteers.
abstract: Development of enhanced UPLC-UV method for determination of nicotine in human plasma was achieved on a Symmetry(®) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.2 μm) applying isocratic elution based on Methanol: Acetonitrile: Phosphate Buffer (pH: 2.7) with the ratio (20:30:50, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The ultraviolet detector was operated at 260 nm. The mobile phase was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min(-1). The column temperature was adjusted to 50ºC and the injection volume was 2 μL. Quinine was selected as an internal standard (IS) due to its structure similarity to nicotine having basic pyridine ring to optimize the liquid liquid extraction procedure using diethyl ether coupled with vacuum evaporation at 40°C. Validation parameters for nicotine were found to be acceptable over the concentration range of 2.5-50 ng ml(-1). The application of the proposed method on four healthy human volunteers was approved by the ethical committee. The study was carried out under fasting conditions and the concerned subjects were informed about the objectives and possible risks involved in the study. The proposed method proved to be simple and fast which is a major advantage to analyze large number of samples per day using the accelerated vacuum evaporation technique. The method showed satisfactory data for all the parameters tested within the limits for bioanalytical assays. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) permits the application of the method for further pharmacological and clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt;
authors.forename: Bassam M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt;
authors.forename: Samy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamady
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt;
authors.forename: Moataz S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hendy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elmazar
keywords: Liquid liquid extraction; Nicotine; UPLC; human plasma; human volunteers; vacuum evaporation