title: Respiratory complications of the rheumatological diseases in childhood.
abstract: Pleuropulmonary manifestations of rheumatological diseases are rare in children but pose a significant risk to overall morbidity and mortality. We have reviewed the literature to provide an overview of the respiratory complications of the commonest rheumatological diseases to occur in children (juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, granulomatosis with polyangitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Pulmonary function testing in these patients can be used to refine the differential diagnosis and establish disease severity, but also has a role in ongoing monitoring for respiratory complications. Early detection of pulmonary involvement allows for prompt and targeted therapies to achieve the best outcome for the child. This is best achieved with joint specialist paediatric rheumatology and respiratory reviews in a multidisciplinary setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Kishore
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warrier
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vyas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000150:complications; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Rheumatology; biologics; pulmonary function testing; systemic lupus; vasculitis