title: Solid recovered fuels in the cement industry--semi-automated sample preparation unit as a means for facilitated practical application.
abstract: One of the challenges for the cement industry is the quality assurance of alternative fuel (e.g., solid recovered fuel, SRF) in co-incineration plants--especially for inhomogeneous alternative fuels with large particle sizes (d95⩾100 mm), which will gain even more importance in the substitution of conventional fuels due to low production costs. Existing standards for sampling and sample preparation do not cover the challenges resulting from these kinds of materials. A possible approach to ensure quality monitoring is shown in the present contribution. For this, a specially manufactured, automated comminution and sample divider device was installed at a cement plant in Rohožnik. In order to prove its practical suitability with methods according to current standards, the sampling and sample preparation process were validated for alternative fuel with a grain size >30 mm (i.e., d95=approximately 100 mm), so-called 'Hotdisc SRF'. Therefore, series of samples were taken and analysed. A comparison of the analysis results with the yearly average values obtained through a reference investigation route showed good accordance. Further investigations during the validation process also showed that segregation or enrichment of material throughout the comminution plant does not occur. The results also demonstrate that compliance with legal standards regarding the minimum sample amount is not sufficient for inhomogeneous and coarse particle size alternative fuels. Instead, higher sample amounts after the first particle size reduction step are strongly recommended in order to gain a representative laboratory sample.
authors.affiliation: Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria alexia.aldrian@unileoben.ac.at.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aldrian
authors.affiliation: Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarc
authors.affiliation: Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pomberger
authors.affiliation: Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lorber
authors.affiliation: Holcim Emerging Europe Services s.r.o., Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Ernst-Michael
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sipple
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D060389:Construction Industry; D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D018154:Slovakia; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: Alternative fuel; comminution; quality assurance; representative sampling; sample preparation; solid recovered fuel (SRF); ‘Hotdisc SRF’