title: Resistance training enhances insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production in elderly women.
abstract: An altered prenatal environment during maternal obesity predisposes offspring to insulin resistance, obesity, and their consequent comorbidities, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Telomere shortening and frailty are additional risk factors for these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on hepatic metabolism and ectopic fat accumulation. Thirty-five frail elderly women, whose mothers' body mass index (BMI) was known, participated in a 4-mo resistance training program. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) and hepatic and visceral fat glucose uptake were measured during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Ectopic fat was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. We found that the training intervention reduced EGP during insulin stimulation [from 5.4 (interquartile range 3.0, 7.0) to 3.9 (-0.4, 6.1) μmol·kg body wt(-1)·min(-1), P = 0.042] in the whole study group. Importantly, the reduction was higher among those whose EGP was more insulin resistant at baseline (higher than the median) [-5.6 (7.1) vs. 0.1 (5.4) μmol·kg body wt(-1)·min(-1), P = 0.015]. Furthermore, the decrease in EGP was associated with telomere elongation (r = -0.620, P = 0.001). The resistance training intervention did not change either hepatic or visceral fat glucose uptake or the amounts of ectopic fat. Maternal obesity did not influence the studied measures. In conclusion, resistance training improves suppression of EGP in elderly women. The finding of improved insulin sensitivity of EGP with associated telomere lengthening implies that elderly women can reduce their risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease with resistance training.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
authors.forename: Miikka-Juhani
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-5863
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Honka
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huovinen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy;
authors.forename: Maria Angela
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Guzzardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland;
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandboge
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Savisto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland;
authors.forename: Minna K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Badeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parkkola
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kullberg
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy;
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iozzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and.
authors.forename: Johan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland pirjo.nuutila@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutila
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D055070:Resistance Training
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: aging; insulin resistance; intra-abdominal fat; liver; resistance training