title: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoproteins, and residual diuresis in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Residual diuresis (RD) is the simplest method for measuring renal residual function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A reduction in RD is associated with intensification of the inflammatory process caused by uremia. However, little is known regarding the relation between RD and inflammatory markers in these patients. We verify possible associations among the hs-CRP, atherogenic factors, and RD, in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 80 patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Patients were stratified according to RD in anuric (RD-) group (n = 47) and non-anuric (RD+) group (n = 33). Urine volumes were collected in a 24 h period during the interdialytic period. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and B levels were measured after fasting for 12 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum hs-CRP levels were higher in the RD- group than in the RD+ group (P = 0.015). In the total group, hs-CRP was significantly correlated with RD (r = - 0.25, P = 0.025) and Apo AI (r = - 0.25, P = 0.024). A greater proportion of patients had reduced plasma concentrations of Apo AI in the RD- group (31.9 %) compared with the RD+ group (9.1 %) (P = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a relationship between RD and the hs-CRP in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Although the inflammatory state was verified in a large part of the CKD population, patients without RD had more elevated hs-CRP serum levels than those with RD.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Lemos
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Nefroclínica de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helton Pereira
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lemes
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Nefroclínica de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Castro Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. sebahferreira@gmail.com.|Research Unit, Nefroclínica de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. sebahferreira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sebastião Rodrigues Ferreira
authors.initials: SRF
authors.lastname: Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004231:Diuresis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Apolipoproteins; Hemodialysis; High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Residual diuresis