title: Population-based comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes between Kashin-Beck disease grades I and II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the differences and similarities of differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) grades I and II.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 100 patients with KBD and 100 healthy controls were selected from a KBD endemic area and divided into 100 pairs of KBD vs. controls (50 pairs of patients with KBD grade I and healthy controls, 50 pairs of patients with KBD grade II and healthy controls). RNA was isolated from KBD PBMCs and healthy control PBMCs. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in the different stages of KBD. The microarray data obtained were further confirmed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, eight differentially expressed genes in KBD grade I and 69 differentially expressed genes in KBD grade II were identified. Among these genes, six common genes were differentially expressed in both stages of the disease. The expression ratios of four common genes differed significantly between KBD grades I and II. Based on the expression ratios of the four genes, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) correctly classified the KBD grade (I or II) with 81% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The similarities and differences of differentially expressed genes in PBMCs of patients with different stages of KBD may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the early phase of KBD. Additionally, six common genes may be considered blood-based genetic biomarkers for the detection and treatment of KBD.
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health , Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health , Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health , Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: b National Engineering Research Centre for Miniaturized Detection Systems , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: b National Engineering Research Centre for Miniaturized Detection Systems , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health , Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D057767:Kashin-Beck Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger