title: Fully Enzymatic Membraneless Glucose|Oxygen Fuel Cell That Provides 0.275 mA cm(-2) in 5 mM Glucose, Operates in Human Physiological Solutions, and Powers Transmission of Sensing Data.
abstract: Coimmobilization of pyranose dehydrogenase as an enzyme catalyst, osmium redox polymers [Os(4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine)2(poly(vinylimidazole))10Cl](+) or [Os(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2(poly(vinylimidazole))10Cl](+) as mediators, and carbon nanotube conductive scaffolds in films on graphite electrodes provides enzyme electrodes for glucose oxidation. The recombinant enzyme and a deglycosylated form, both expressed in Pichia pastoris, are investigated and compared as biocatalysts for glucose oxidation using flow injection amperometry and voltammetry. In the presence of 5 mM glucose in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (50 mM phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.4, with 150 mM NaCl), higher glucose oxidation current densities, 0.41 mA cm(-2), are obtained from enzyme electrodes containing the deglycosylated form of the enzyme. The optimized glucose-oxidizing anode, prepared using deglycosylated enzyme coimmobilized with [Os(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2(poly(vinylimidazole))10Cl](+) and carbon nanotubes, was coupled with an oxygen-reducing bilirubin oxidase on gold nanoparticle dispersed on gold electrode as a biocathode to provide a membraneless fully enzymatic fuel cell. A maximum power density of 275 μW cm(-2) is obtained in 5 mM glucose in PBS, the highest to date under these conditions, providing sufficient power to enable wireless transmission of a signal to a data logger. When tested in whole human blood and unstimulated human saliva maximum power densities of 73 and 6 μW cm(-2) are obtained for the same fuel cell configuration, respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ó Conghaile
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , 20560 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Domhnall
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacAodha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University , PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Yakovleva
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , 1180 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonaus
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , 1180 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Clemens K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Peterbauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University , PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gorton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , 20560 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shleev
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Dónal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leech
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D001769:Blood; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004566:Electrodes; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006108:Graphite; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; C042401:bilirubin oxidase; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen