title: Flavonoids from the flowers of Impatiens glandulifera Royle isolated by high performance countercurrent chromatography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) is an annual herb from the Himalaya region, currently widespread along European river systems and one of the most important neophyte invading plants in Germany. Exploring the effects of allelopathic plant chemicals is important for the understanding of its ecological impacts in the process of suppression of indigenous plant species.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the chemical composition of Impatiens glandulifera flowers (IGFs) using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The flowers of Impatiens glandulifera were manually separated and extracted with ethanol. LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to characterise the crude extract of IGF. The various flavonoids detected were isolated by HPCCC using of methyl tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile-water (2:2:3, v/v/v). The combination of the data provided by preparative ESI-MS/MS metabolite profiling, LC-ESI-MS/MS, UV-vis and 1D/2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis was used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPCCC runs led to the direct isolation of pure dihydromyricetin (ampelopsin), eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin) and kaempferol-3-O-6"-malonyl-glucoside, as well as the pre-purification of kaempferol-3-O-rhamno-rhamnosyldiglucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside), quercetin and kaempferol in a single step.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the flavonoid composition of the species Impatiens glandulifera. The developed protocol was successfully used to isolate the main flavonoids from the crude extract of IGFs. This combined HPCCC and HPLC procedure could be applied to the fast fractionation and recovery of flavonoid derivatives of other plant extracts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mariana N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-7614
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winterhalter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerold
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jerz
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D029069:Impatiens / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Balsaminaceae; Impatiens glandulifera; LC-ESI-MS; NMR; flavonol glucosides; high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC); invasive plant; preparative mass spectrometry metabolite profiling