title: Revealing Potential Biomarkers of Functional Dyspepsia by Combining 1H NMR Metabonomics Techniques and an Integrative Multi-objective Optimization Method.
abstract: Metabonomics methods have gradually become important auxiliary tools for screening disease biomarkers. However, recognition of metabolites or potential biomarkers closely related to either particular clinical symptoms or prognosis has been difficult. The current study aims to identify potential biomarkers of functional dyspepsia (FD) by a new strategy that combined hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR)-based metabonomics techniques and an integrative multi-objective optimization (LPIMO) method. First, clinical symptoms of FD were evaluated using the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), and plasma metabolic profiles were measured by (1)H NMR. Correlations between the key metabolites and the NDI scores were calculated. Then, LPIMO was developed to identify a multi-biomarker panel by maximizing diagnostic ability and correlation with the NDI score. Finally, a KEGG database search elicited the metabolic pathways in which the potential biomarkers are involved. The results showed that glutamine, alanine, proline, HDL, β-glucose, α-glucose and LDL/VLDL levels were significantly altered in FD patients. Among them, phosphatidycholine (PtdCho) and leucine/isoleucine (Leu/Ile) were positively and negatively correlated with the NDI Symptom Index (NDSI) respectively. Our procedure not only significantly improved the credibility of the biomarkers, but also demonstrated the potential of further explorations and applications to diagnosis and treatment of complex disease.
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
authors.forename: Qiaofeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
authors.forename: Mingxiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
authors.forename: Siyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
authors.forename: Xianzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
authors.forename: Fanrong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood; D000465:Algorithms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055442:Metabolome; D011379:Prognosis; D011392:Proline / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D005973:Glutamine; D011392:Proline; D000409:Alanine