title: A suggestion for royal jelly specifications.
abstract: This article proposes guidelines for quality standards of royal jelly. The proposals are based on two sets of data; the first from our study of the factors that may affect the royal jelly's chemical composition (protein and sugar supplementation of beehives) and the second on the analysis of a great number of samples from across Greece to establish natural variability of this product. We compared our findings with the adopted national limits, the proposals of the working group of the International Honey Commission (IHC), and the draft proposal of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO). The studied parameters included moisture, total proteins, sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, total sugars), and 10-hydroxy- 2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). Our results indicate that the limits for royal jelly in some countries should be amended and the proposals of the IHC and the ISO reviewed in view of recent data on variability. We believe that our proposals could be considered for setting global standards for royal jelly, as they incorporate national legislations, proposals of scientific groups, experimental data, and updated information.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanelis
authors.forename: Chrysoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tananaki
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liolios
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dimou
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goras
authors.forename: Maria Anna
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodopoulou
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karazafiris
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thrasyvoulou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D063427:Food Quality; D006115:Greece; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D000099219:Royal Jelly; C055543:10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid