title: Efficacy and Safety of Available Protocols for Aspirin Hypersensitivity for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Survey and Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most suitable approach for patients with aspirin hypersensitivity undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remains to be assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were systematically searched for papers describing protocols about aspirin hypersensitivity in the percutaneous coronary intervention setting. Discharge from hospital with aspirin was the primary end point, whereas rates of adverse reactions being a secondary outcome. An online international survey was performed to critically analyze rates of aspirin hypersensitivity and its medical and interventional management. Eleven studies with 283 patients were included. An endovenous desensitization protocol was performed on one of them, with high efficacy rate (98%) and a low adverse reaction rate when compared with oral administration. No significant differences were reported among the oral protocols in terms of efficacy (less versus more fractionated [95.8% {95.4%-96.2%} versus 95.9% {95.2-96.5%}]), whereas higher incidence of rash and angioedema were reported for protocols with <6 doses escalation (2.6% [1.1%-4.1%] versus 2.6% [1.9%-3.2%]). In the survey, we collected answer from 86 physician of the 100 interviewed. Fifty-six percent of them managed aspirin hypersensitivity changing the therapeutic regimen (eg, clopidogrel monotherapy and indobufen). Despite the previous safety data, desensitization protocols were adopted by only 42% of surveyed cardiologist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available protocols for aspirin hypersensitivity are effective and safe, representing a feasible approach for patients needing dual antiplatelet therapy.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.). matteo.bianco87@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Ascenzo
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cerrato
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Omedè
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montefusco
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: DiNicolantonio
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Giuseppe Biondi
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zoccai
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Varbella
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carini
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, A.O.U San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy (M.B., G.C., R.P.); Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (A.B., F.D.A., P.O., A.M., C.M., F.G.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy (G.B.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy (E.C., F.V.); and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.J.D.N.).
authors.forename: Fiorenzo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaita
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: angioplasty; aspirin; hypersensitivity; indobufen; percutaneous coronary intervention