title: Development of sandwich ELISAs that can distinguish different types of coxsackievirus A16 viral particles.
abstract: Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). No CA16 vaccine candidates have progressed to clinical trials so far. Immunogenicity studies indicated that different CA16 particles have much influence on the efficacy of a candidate vaccine. However, there are still no relevant reports on the methods of detecting different CA16 particles. In this study, we screened several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for different CA16 particles, and several sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) were developed to measure the different types of CA16 viral particles. The mAbs that could only bind denatured or empty capsids could not neutralize CA16. In contrast, the mAbs that could bind mature full particles or all types of particles showed obvious neutralizing activity. The thermal stability of different CA16 particles was evaluated using these sandwich ELISAs. The mature full particles were found to be more thermolabile than the other types of particles and could be stabilized by high concentrations of cations. These methods can be used to assist in the potency control of CA16 vaccines and will promote the development of a CA16 vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xiangzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Lisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jizong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jinle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Shuxuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Yajing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Longfa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. tcheng@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Ningshao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D014771:Virion / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: Antibody; Coxsackievirus A16; Enzyme-linked immunoassay; Hand, foot, and mouth disease; Particle; Vaccine