title: Effects of surface-active block copolymers with oxyethylene and fluoroalkyl side chains on the antifouling performance of silicone-based films.
abstract: Block copolymers made from a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (Si) and a poly(meth)acrylate carrying oxyethylene (EG) or fluoroalkyl (AF) side chains were synthesized and incorporated as surface-active components into a silicone matrix to produce cross-linked films with different surface hydrophilicity/phobicity. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies showed that film surfaces containing Si-EG were largely populated by the siloxane, with the oxyethylene chains present only to a minor extent. In contrast, the fluorinated block was selectively segregated to the polymer-air interface in films containing Si-AF as probed by NEXAFS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Such differences in surface composition were reflected in the biological performance of the coatings. While the films with Si-EG showed a higher removal of both Ulva linza sporelings and Balanus amphitrite juveniles than the silicone control, those with Si-AF exhibited excellent antifouling properties, preventing the settlement of cyprids of B. amphitrite.
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.affiliation: b Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York , USA.
authors.forename: Brandon M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wenning
authors.affiliation: b Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York , USA.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ober
authors.affiliation: c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.affiliation: c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
authors.forename: Maureen E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Callow
authors.affiliation: c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Callow
authors.affiliation: d School of Marine Science and Technology , Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Fino
authors.affiliation: d School of Marine Science and Technology , Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Clare
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D012828:Silicones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044445:Ulva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D012828:Silicones; D012833:Siloxanes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C501844:dimethicone
keywords: Antifouling coating; Balanus amphitrite; Ulva linza; block copolymer; fouling-release coating; surface-active polymer