title: Wall modified photonic crystal fibre capillaries as porous layer open tubular columns for in-capillary micro-extraction and capillary chromatography.
abstract: Wall modified photonic crystal fibre capillary columns for in-capillary micro-extraction and liquid chromatographic separations is presented. Columns contained 126 internal parallel 4 μm channels, each containing a wall bonded porous monolithic type polystyrene-divinylbenzene layer in open tubular column format (PLOT). Modification longitudinal homogeneity was monitored using scanning contactless conductivity detection and scanning electron microscopy. The multichannel open tubular capillary column showed channel diameter and polymer layer consistency of 4.2 ± 0.1 μm and 0.26 ± 0.02 μm respectively, and modification of 100% of the parallel channels with the monolithic polymer. The modified multi-channel capillaries were applied to the in-capillary micro-extraction of water samples. 500 μL of water samples containing single μg L(-1) levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons were extracted at a flow rate of 10 μL min(-1), and eluted in 50 μL of acetonitrile for analysis using HPLC with fluorescence detection. HPLC LODs were 0.08, 0.02 and 0.05 μg L(-1) for acenaphthene, anthracene and pyrene, respectively, with extraction recoveries of between 77 and 103%. The modified capillaries were also investigated briefly for direct application to liquid chromatographic separations, with the retention and elution of a standard protein (cytochrome c) under isocratic conditions demonstrated, proving chromatographic potential of the new column format, with run-to-run retention time reproducibility of below 1%.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; W.M. Keck FT-ICR-MS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Artaches A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kazarian
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanz Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeremy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Deverell
authors.affiliation: W.M. Keck FT-ICR-MS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCord
authors.affiliation: W.M. Keck FT-ICR-MS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Muddiman
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Electronic address: Brett.Paull@utas.edu.au.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paull
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D017785:Photons; D016062:Porosity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
keywords: Bioseparations; Fused silica photonic crystal fibres; In-capillary extraction; Polymer monolith; Porous layer open tubular column