title: Normal ultrasonographic images of reproductive organs of female Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica): a laboratory animal model.
abstract: Certain special biological characteristics of Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) could enable quicker and less expensive laboratory experiments than similar studies using mice or chickens. Moreover, due to some physiological similarities with humans, quails have been recognized as an ideal laboratory model for experiments in some fields such as immunology, endocrinology, and reproductive biology. The aim of this study was to acquire normal ultrasonographic images of reproductive organs of female Japanese quails in order to facilitate laboratory experiments on reproductive biology and to determine a non-invasive in-life alternative to carcass analysis. Thirty female Japanese quails of different ages were used for ultrasound scanning of ovaries, follicles, ova, oviducts and eggs. In addition, five quails were euthanized for experiments using a direct standoff imaging technique. It was possible to identify different sizes of follicles ranging from small white follicles (0.14 cm) to large yellow follicles (2.57 cm), post-ovulatory follicles (POFs), ova at various stages of development, oviducts, and also eggs within the oviducts. These findings demonstrate that ultrasound scanning of female Japanese quail reproductive organs might be a beneficial diagnostic tool for applications such as studying reproductive physiology, anticipating the beginning or the end of the breeding season, detecting any pathological disorders easily, and identifying non-productive females which could lead to more cost-efficient laboratory procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord 8818634141, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord 8818634141, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hasan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mehraei Hamzekolaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord 8818634141, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdol Karim
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Zamani Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord 8818634141, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Hajar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arabha
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord 8818634141, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Sattar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tohidifar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003370:Coturnix; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D023421:Models, Animal; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Japanese quail; animal model; reproductive organs; ultrasonography