title: The effect of nucleus basalis magnocellularis deep brain stimulation on memory function in a rat model of dementia.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation has recently been considered a potential therapy in improving memory function. It has been shown that a change of neurotransmitters has an effect on memory function. However, much about the exact underlying neural mechanism is not yet completely understood. We therefore examined changes in neurotransmitter systems and spatial memory caused by stimulation of nucleus basalis magnocellularis in a rat model of dementia.
  
  
  
  We divided rats into four groups: Normal, Lesion, Implantation, and Stimulation. We used 192 IgG-saporin for degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neuron related with learning and memory and it was injected into all rats except for the normal group. An electrode was ipsilaterally inserted in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of all rats of the implantation and stimulation group, and the stimulation group received the electrical stimulation. Features were verified by the Morris water maze, immunochemistry and western blotting.
  
  
  
  All groups showed similar performances during Morris water maze training. During the probe trial, performance of the lesion and implantation group decreased. However, the stimulation group showed an equivalent performance to the normal group. In the lesion and implantation group, expression of glutamate acid decarboxylase65&67 decreased in the medial prefrontal cortex and expression of glutamate transporters increased in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. However, expression of the stimulation group showed similar levels as the normal group.
  
  
  
  The results suggest that nucleus basalis magnocellularis stimulation enhances consolidation and retrieval of visuospatial memory related to changes of glutamate acid decarboxylase65&67 and glutamate transporter.
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Da Un
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jihyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. jchang@yuhs.ac.|Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea. jchang@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D020532:Basal Nucleus of Meynert; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D000076985:Saporins; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C085696:192 IgG-saporin; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D000076985:Saporins