title: Problems and Barriers in Ensuring Effective Acute and Post-Operative Pain Management--an International Perspective.
abstract: Pain management originated at the turn of the 1960s and 70s in the United States, and spread to Western Europe almost a decade later. It is estimated today that a lack of adequate pain management affects 80% of the global population, and is a serious problem in over 150 countries. At the national level, the greatest burden of inadequate pain management is borne by the elderly, pregnant and breastfeeding women, children, people coping with addictions to harmful substances, and the mentally ill. In spite of enormous progress, there are still significant barriers to comprehensive pain management. Pain management should be considered a priority. It is an interdisciplinary task requiring the cooperation of the whole medical staff. The current review of literature revealed a number of factors limiting the possibility of achieving effective pain management, related to healthcare systems, medical staff and patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Wioletta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Obodzińskiej-Król Memorial Hospital, Malbork, Poland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dąbrowski
authors.affiliation: Clinical Emergency Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basiński
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D019555:Physician-Nurse Relations; D011247:Pregnancy