title: Potential of Radiation-Induced Cellular Stress for Reactivation of Latent HIV-1 and Killing of Infected Cells.
abstract: The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1 for last two decades has reduced mortality of patients through extension of nonsymptomatic phase of infection. However, HIV-1 can be preserved in long-lived resting CD4(+) T cells, which form a viral reservoir in infected individuals, and potentially in macrophages and astrocytes. Reactivation of viral replication is critical since the host immune response in combination with antiretroviral therapy may eradicate the virus (shock and kill strategy). In this opinion piece, we consider potential application of therapeutic doses of irradiation, the well-known and effective stress signal that induces DNA damage and activates cellular stress response, to resolve two problems: activate HIV-1 replication and virion production in persistent reservoirs under cART and deplete infected cells through selective cell killing using DNA damage responses.
authors.affiliation: 1 National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia.|2 Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iordanskiy
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia.
authors.forename: Fatah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kashanchi
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000528:radiation effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents