title: Effects of exercise and dietary epigallocatechin gallate and β-alanine on skeletal muscle in aged mice.
abstract: Aging leads to sarcopenia and loss of physical function. We examined whether voluntary wheel running, when combined with dietary supplementation with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and β-alanine (β-ALA), could improve muscle function and alter gene expression in the gastrocnemius of aged mice. Seventeen-month-old BALB/cByJ mice were given access to a running wheel or remained sedentary for 41 days while receiving either AIN-93M (standard feed) or AIN-93M containing 1.5 mg·kg(-1) EGCG and 3.43 mg·kg(-1) β-ALA. Mice underwent tests over 11 days from day 29 to day 39 of the study period, including muscle function testing (grip strength, treadmill exhaustive fatigue, rotarod). Following a rest day, mice were euthanized and gastrocnemii were collected for analysis of gene expression by quantitative PCR. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) improved rotarod and treadmill exhaustive fatigue performance and maintained grip strength in aged mice, while dietary intervention had no effect. VWR increased gastrocnemius expression of several genes, including those encoding interleukin-6 (Il6, p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1, p = 0.046), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (Ppargc1a, p = 0.013), forkhead box protein O3 (Foxo3, p = 0.005), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf, p = 0.008), while reducing gastrocnemius levels of the lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxynonenal (p = 0.019). Dietary intervention alone increased gastrocnemius expression of Ppargc1a (p = 0.033) and genes encoding NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1, p = 0.039), insulin-like growth factor I (Igf1, p = 0.003), and macrophage marker CD11b (Itgam, p = 0.016). Exercise and a diet containing β-ALA and EGCG differentially regulated gene expression in the gastrocnemius of aged mice, while VWR but not dietary intervention improved muscle function. We found no synergistic effects between dietary intervention and VWR.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Brandt D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Pence
authors.affiliation: b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Trisha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.|e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Tushar K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.|e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Houston
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mach
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.|e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ossyra
authors.affiliation: b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petr
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Stanislav S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rubakhin
authors.affiliation: e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sweedler
authors.affiliation: b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: McCusker
authors.affiliation: b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Keith W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.|e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Justin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015091:beta-Alanine; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate
keywords: aging; animal model; expression génique; fonction musculaire; gene expression; modèle animal; muscle function; roue d’exercice volontaire; supplementation; supplémentation; vieillissement; voluntary wheel running