title: The relationship between snoring and left ventricular hypertrophy of China: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Population-based investigations studying the association between snoring and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are lacking. Therefore, our study aims to investigate whether snoring is significantly associated with LVH, and to make clear the effect of varying degrees of snoring intensity on LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10,139 participants were involved in this cross-sectional study. Snoring status and snoring intensity were evaluated by a structured questionnaire. LVH was defined as left ventricular mass index ≥ 51 g/m(2.7) for both men and women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total prevalence of LVH was 10.0%. the prevalence increased significantly in snorers according to snoring intensity, including low (10.3%), normal (13.1%), strong (14.7%) and very strong (16.7%). After adjustment for age, race, gender, educational status, physical activity, annual income, current smoking status, current drinking status, sleep duration, hypertension, body mass index, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose, snoring (OR, 1.371; 95% CI, 1.147-1.637, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with LVH. In addition, among the four kinds of intensity of snoring, normal (OR, 1.436; 95% CI, 1.126-1.832, P = 0.004), strong (OR, 1.462; 95% CI, 1.124-1.902, P < 0.001) and very strong (OR, 1.813; 95% CI, 1.273-2.684, P < 0.001), rather than low (OR, 1.094; 95% CI, 0.834-1.434, P = 0.518) were significantly associated with LVH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Snoring is independently associated with LVH. What's more, with the rise in snoring intensity, snoring will exert an increasing effect on LVH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. 1640917750@qq.com.
authors.forename: Naijin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. 653984551@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. 905058009@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yintao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. 348061760@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. gzhsun66@163.com.
authors.forename: Guozhe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. yxsun@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yingxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides