title: Clinicopathological significance of matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein expression in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A case-control study and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous previous studies explored the influence of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) expressions on renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet inconsistent results were reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to derive a more precise estimation of the associations between MMP-2 and RCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 115 patients with RCC were selected; meanwhile, 45 patients with traumatic rupture of renal cysts or renal calculi were recruited and normal kidney tissues were collected as control group. The expression level of MMP-2 protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry. A meta-analysis was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2.0 (CMA 2.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive expression rate of MMP-2 protein in the RCC tissues was evidently higher than that in the normal renal tissues (P < 0.001). The positive expression rate of MMP-2 protein in patients with tumor size > 5 cm, with lymph node metastasis (LNM), with well-differentiated RCC, and stage III-IV RCC was significantly higher, compared with the patients with tumor size ≤ 5 cm, without LNM, with moderate/low-differentiated RCC, and with stage I-II RCC, respectively (all P < 0.05). There was statistical significance in the 5-year survival rate between the patients with positive MMP-2 protein expression and those with negative MMP-2 protein expression (P = 0.037). These results were further confirmed by the meta-analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-2 protein expression is significantly associated with historical grade, TNM stage, tumor size and LNM in RCC, suggesting that MMP-2 may serve as a biological marker for the prognosis in RCC.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guang-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henna, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: Renal cell carcinoma; clinicopathological features; immunohistochemistry; matrix metalloproteinase 2; prognosis; survival rate