title: New Insights in the Optic Radiations Connectivity in the Human Brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study optic radiations connectivity by means of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches, noninvasively, in vivo, in healthy human brains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy subjects (nine males, age range, 25-40 years) were included in this study. Morphologic and diffusion data were acquired by means of a 3T MRI scanner. Using an advanced tractographic technique, based on probabilistic constrained spherical deconvolution algorithm, postprocessing analyses were performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using the 2-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test. Outcome measure was the percentage distribution of optic radiations streamlines in different cortical visual areas (V1-V5). The latter were detected by means of Juelich probabilistic histologic atlas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average connectivity analyses revealed that the optic radiations are mainly distributed in V1 (47.46% ± 5.5) and V2 (32.45% ± 3.98); furthermore, direct connections with V3 (7.81 ± 3.06), V4 (4.22% ± 1.82), and V5 (8.06% ± 2.65) were also detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, the connectivity profile of optic radiations, obtained by means of algorithms not affected by the limitations of other tractographic techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, was shown in healthy human brains. Interestingly, direct connections with V4 were detected for the first time in humans; moreover, further support on the possible existence of V5 connections was provided. Our findings showed new connections between lateral geniculate nuclei and cortical visual areas, giving a further possible comprehension of the phenomena leading to the visual signals elaboration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arrigo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calamuneri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Enricomaria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mormina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quartarone
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Pio
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Anastasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aragona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016880:Anisotropy; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*