title: Enhanced Stomatal Conductance by a Spontaneous Arabidopsis Tetraploid, Me-0, Results from Increased Stomatal Size and Greater Stomatal Aperture.
abstract: The rate of gas exchange in plants is regulated mainly by stomatal size and density. Generally, higher densities of smaller stomata are advantageous for gas exchange; however, it is unclear what the effect of an extraordinary change in stomatal size might have on a plant's gas-exchange capacity. We investigated the stomatal responses to CO2 concentration changes among 374 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes and discovered that Mechtshausen (Me-0), a natural tetraploid ecotype, has significantly larger stomata and can achieve a high stomatal conductance. We surmised that the cause of the increased stomatal conductance is tetraploidization; however, the stomatal conductance of another tetraploid accession, tetraploid Columbia (Col), was not as high as that in Me-0. One difference between these two accessions was the size of their stomatal apertures. Analyses of abscisic acid sensitivity, ion balance, and gene expression profiles suggested that physiological or genetic factors restrict the stomatal opening in tetraploid Col but not in Me-0. Our results show that Me-0 overcomes the handicap of stomatal opening that is typical for tetraploids and achieves higher stomatal conductance compared with the closely related tetraploid Col on account of larger stomatal apertures. This study provides evidence for whether larger stomatal size in tetraploids of higher plants can improve stomatal conductance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Keina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Genki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Juntaro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Mimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto-Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.).
authors.forename: Nobuharu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.) iba.koh.727@m.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iba
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004171:Diploidy; D060146:Ecotype; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D057891:Tetraploidy
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000040:Abscisic Acid