title: Altered Levels of Visinin-Like Protein 1 Correspond to   Regional Neuronal Loss in Alzheimer Disease and    Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.
abstract: Recent studies have implicated the neuronal calcium-sensing protein visinin-like 1 protein (Vilip-1) as a peripheral biomarker in Alzheimer disease (AD), but little is known about expression of Vilip-1 in the brains of patients with AD. We used targeted and quantitative mass spectrometry to measure Vilip-1 peptide levels in the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and the superior frontal gyrus (SF) from cases with early to moderate stage AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and cognitively and neuropathologically normal elderly controls. We found that Vilip-1 levels were significantly lower in the ERC, but not in SF, of AD subjects compared to normal controls. In FTLD cases, Vilip-1 levels in the SF were significantly lower than in normal controls. These findings suggest a unique role for cerebrospinal fluid Vilip-1 as a biomarker of ERC neuron loss in AD.
authors.forename: Caitlin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Tadhg A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schempf
authors.forename: Anil V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Vatsavayi
authors.forename: Milos D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ikonomovic
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Koppel
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Julia K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: Oscar L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sweet
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001344:Autopsy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016923:Cell Death; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D057174:Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051596:Neurocalcin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D051596:Neurocalcin; C496688:VSNL1 protein, human; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D016875:tau Proteins