title: Effect of Glycemic Index of Breakfast on Energy Intake at Subsequent Meal among Healthy People: A Meta-Analysis.
abstract: Meals with low glycemic index (GI) may suppress short-term appetite and reduce subsequent food intake compared with high-GI meals. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to synthesize the evidence. This meta-analytic study was conducted to assess the effect of high- and low-GI breakfast on subsequent short-term food intake. Trials were identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, and manual searches of bibliographies until May 2015. Randomized controlled and cross-over trials comparing the effect of low- with high-GI breakfast on subsequent energy intake among healthy people were included. Nine studies consisting of 11 trials met the inclusion criteria. Only one trial was classified with high methodological quality. A total of 183 participants were involved in the trials. The meta-analytic results revealed no difference in breakfast GI (high-GI vs. low-GI) on subsequent short-term energy intake. In conclusion, it seems that breakfast GI has no effect on short-term energy intake among healthy people. However, high quality studies are still warranted to provide more concrete evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Physical Education, Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China. fhsun@ied.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Feng-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Physical Education, Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China. cxli@ied.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Chunxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 2001, China. zhangyanjie@cuhk.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. hsswong@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Stephen Heung-Sang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China. wanglin@sus.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D062408:Breakfast; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: appetite; low glycemic index; meta-analysis