title: Drosophila Mitf regulates the V-ATPase and the lysosomal-autophagic pathway.
abstract: An evolutionarily conserved gene network regulates the expression of genes involved in lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. In mammals, TFEB and other members of the MiTF-TFE family of transcription factors control this network. Here we report that the lysosomal-autophagy pathway is controlled by Mitf gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Mitf is the single MiTF-TFE family member in Drosophila and prior to this work was known only for its function in eye development. We show that Mitf regulates the expression of genes encoding V-ATPase subunits as well as many additional genes involved in the lysosomal-autophagy pathway. Reduction of Mitf function leads to abnormal lysosomes and impairs autophagosome fusion and lipid breakdown during the response to starvation. In contrast, elevated Mitf levels increase the number of lysosomes, autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and decrease the size of lipid droplets. Inhibition of Drosophila MTORC1 induces Mitf translocation to the nucleus, underscoring conserved regulatory mechanisms between Drosophila and mammalian systems. Furthermore, we show Mitf-mediated clearance of cytosolic and nuclear expanded ATXN1 (ataxin 1) in a cellular model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). This remarkable observation illustrates the potential of the lysosomal-autophagy system to prevent toxic protein aggregation in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. We anticipate that the genetics of the Drosophila model and the absence of redundant MIT transcription factors will be exploited to investigate the regulation and function of the lysosomal-autophagy gene network.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.|b Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston , TX , USA.|c Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bouché
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.|b Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Alma Perez
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.|b Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston , TX , USA.|d Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pozzuoli , Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.|b Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sardiello
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.|b Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston , TX , USA.|c Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Naples , Italy.|e Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballabio
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.|b Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Botas
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000067696:Ataxin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071182:Autophagosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D017494:Proton Pumps / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000067696:Ataxin-1; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D017494:Proton Pumps; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases
keywords: MTORC1; Mitf; TFEB; V-ATPase; autophagy; lipid metabolism; lysosome; proton pump