title: In vitro degradation of biodegradable polylactic acid/magnesium composites: Relevance of Mg particle shape.
abstract: Absorbable medical devices must be developed in order to have an appropriate degradation rate in agreement with the healing rate of bone in the implantation site. In this work, biodegradable composites formed by a polylactic acid matrix reinforced with 10%wt. magnesium microparticles were processed and their in vitro degradation investigated during 28 days. A joint analysis of the amount of H2 released, the changes in pH in buffered (PBS) and non-buffered media (distilled water), the variations in mass, microstructure and the mechanical performance of the specimens was developed. The main aim was to elucidate the relevance of Mg particles shape on tailoring the degradation kinetics of these novel composites. The results show that the shape of the Mg reinforcing particles plays a crucial role in the degradation rate of PLA/Mg composites, with spherical particles promoting a lower degradation rate than irregular particles. This fact is only partially due to the smaller surface area to volume ratio of the spherical particles. Irregular particles promote a faster formation of cracks and, therefore, an increasingly faster degradation of the polymeric matrix. In every case, the amount of H2 released by the composites was well below that released by monolithic Mg. The pH of PBS during degradation remained always within 7.2 and 7.4. PLA/Mg reinforced with spherical particles retains more than 90% of its mechanical properties after 7 days of immersion and more than 60% after 28 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing demand for temporary orthopaedic implants is the driving force to seek new strategies to decrease costs and simultaneously improve patients comfort as well as simplify surgical procedures. Resorbable medical devices must be developed in order to have an appropriate degradation rate in agreement with the healing rate of bone. We are presenting for the first time results of the degradation kinetics of a new material based on polylactic acid reinforced with 10%wt. Mg microparticles. This work analyzes the relevance of Mg particle shape (irregular and spherical) on tailoring the degradation behaviour of these composites. Conclusions withdrawn from this study help to customize bioabsorbable materials in order to meet the requirements for a specific application and patient.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: sccifuentesc@cenim.csic.es.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cifuentes
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gavilán
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marcela@cenim.csic.es.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lieblich
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rbenavente@ictp.csic.es.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benavente
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina CIBER-BBN, Spain. Electronic address: jlg@cenim.csic.es.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: González-Carrasco
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D006859:Hydrogen; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D006859:Hydrogen; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Hydrogen release; In vitro biodegradation; Mechanical properties; Mg; Polylactic acid