title: Antimicrobial Efficacy of an Array of Essential Oils Against Lactic Acid Bacteria.
abstract: The essential oils of clove bud, cinnamon bark and thyme, and their individual compounds including allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, eugenol, and thymol were initially assessed for antimicrobial activity against 9 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species. Carvacrol and thymol were the most inhibitory with MICs of 0.1% (v/v and w/v, respectively). Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamon bark oil, clove bud oil, eugenol, and thyme oil were moderately inhibitive (MICs = 0.2% v/v), while cinnamic acid required a concentration of 0.5% (w/v). AIT was not effective with MICs in excess of concentrations tested (0.75% v/v). The bactericidal capability of the oil components carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol were further examined against Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Leuconostoc citrovorum. Thymol at 0.1% (w/v) was bactericidal against L. citrovorum (>4-log reduction), but resulted in a 2-log CFU/mL reduction against L. buchneri and P. acidilactici. Cinnamaldehyde at 0.2% to 0.25% (v/v) was effective against L. citrovorum, L. buchneri, and P. acidilactici, resulting in a >2-log reduction. All 3 organisms were susceptible to 0.2% carvacrol with >3-log reduction observed after exposure for 6 h. Eugenol was the least effective. Concentrations of 0.2% and 0.25% (v/v) were needed to achieve an initial reduction in population, >3-log CFU/mL after 6 h exposure. However, at 0.2%, P. acidilactici and L. buchneri recovered to initial populations in 48 to 72 h. Results indicate essential oils have the capacity to inactivate LAB that are commonly associated with spoilage of shelf stable low-acid foods.
authors.affiliation: the Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tenn., 37996, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Laurel L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: the Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tenn., 37996, U.S.A.
authors.forename: P Michael
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: the Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tenn., 37996, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Faith J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Critzer
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081007:Cymenes; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; C510046:cinnamon oil, bark; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013943:Thymol; D005054:Eugenol; D000171:Acrolein; C073316:carvacrol; C012843:cinnamaldehyde
keywords: essential oil; food spoilage; lactic acid bacteria; minimum inhibitory concentrations; minimum lethal concentrations