title: Estrogenic activities of diuron metabolites in female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
abstract: Some endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the estrogenic activities of the organism by directly interacting with estrogen receptors (ER) or indirectly through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Recent studies in male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) indicated that diuron may have anti-androgenic activity augmented by biotransformation. In this study, the effects of diuron and three of its metabolites were evaluated in female tilapia. Sexually mature female fish were exposed for 25 days to diuron, as well as to its metabolites 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), 3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU) and 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N-methylurea (DCPMU), at concentrations of 100 ng/L. Diuron metabolites caused increases in E2 plasma levels, gonadosomatic indices and in the percentage of final vitellogenic oocytes. Moreover, diuron and its metabolites caused a decrease in germinative cells. Significant differences in plasma concentrations of the estrogen precursor and gonadal regulator17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) were not observed. These results show that diuron metabolites had estrogenic effects potentially mediated through enhanced estradiol biosynthesis and accelerated the ovarian development of O. niloticus females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Botany, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP - 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Scremin Boscolo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Botany, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP - 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Nomura Pereira
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Boscolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP - 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreia Arantes
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Felício
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n., CEP - 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio Ricardo
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Batlouni
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 3401Watkins Dr, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlenk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP - 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ealmeida@ibilce.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Eduardo Alves
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: de Almeida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D023681:Cichlids / Q000378:metabolism; D004237:Diuron / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017210:Tilapia / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004958:Estradiol; D004237:Diuron
keywords: Diuron; Diuron metabolites; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Gametogenesis; Nile tilapia