title: Evaluation of the Appearance of Nail Polish Following Daily Treatment of Ex Vivo Human Fingernails With Topical Solutions of Tavaborole or Efinaconazole.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with onychomycosis may mask infected nails with polish. Tavaborole topical solution, 5% is a boron-based, small-molecule pharmaceutical approved for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes; efinaconazole topical solution, 10% is approved for the same indication. Nail polish appearance after application of tavaborole (dropper) or efinaconazole (brush); respective applicator appearance; presence of color transfer from respective applicators; and color transfer to remaining solutions after dosing of polished nails were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve ex vivo human cadaver fingernails were cleaned, polished with two coats of L'Oréal® Nail Color, Devil Wears Red #420, and mounted on floral foam. Nails were treated with tavaborole or efinaconazole solutions once daily for 7 days. Dropper and brush applicators were applied to white watercolor paper immediately after dosing to evaluate color transfer from polished nails. On day 7, remaining solutions were transferred to clear glass vials to evaluate color transfer from applicators to solutions. Nails, applicators, and papers were photographed daily following application; remaining solutions were photographed after 7 days of dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tavaborole-treated polished nails showed no polish discoloration, and tavaborole applicators did not change in appearance during treatment. No color transfer from polished nails was evident to applicator, paper, or remaining solution. Efinaconazole-treated polished nails showed substantial polish changes after the first day of treatment, with polish appearance and discoloration progressively worsening over 7 days of treatment. Color transfer from nails was evident to applicator, paper, and remaining solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily dropper application of tavaborole to ex vivo polished nails did not alter polish appearance. Brush application of efinaconazole produced visible changes in polish appearance and color transfer to applicators, paper, and remaining solution. Tavaborole topical solution, 5% may not alter nail polish appearance; the impact of nail polish on tavaborole clinical efficacy has not been evaluated.
authors.forename: Tracey C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Vlahovic
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coronado
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.forename: Tejal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Lee T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Zane
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D009262:Nails / Q000187:drug effects*; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001896:Boron Compounds; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D014230:Triazoles; C431707:efinaconazole; C512998:tavaborole