title: Effect of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-coated beta-tricalcium phosphate on the healing of rat calvarial bone defects: a comparative study with pure-phase beta-tricalcium phosphate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as a scaffold on bone regeneration in rat calvaria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral critical-sized defects were created in the calvaria of 20 Sprague Dawley rats. Defects of each rat were filled with pure-phase β-TCP or PLGA/β-TCP, or left as unfilled control. The healing was evaluated by micro-computed tomography, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was also performed to assess the resorption activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 4 weeks, ingrowth of cells from the surrounding tissue into the β-TCP and PLGA/β-TCP biomaterials were observed in the defect area, and new bone formation had started. At 6 weeks, the value for defect closure in the β-TCP group was significantly greater than that in the unfilled control (P < 0.01). A significantly greater level of new bone formation was found in the β-TCP group (P < 0.01) and PLGA/β-TCP group (P < 0.05) than that in the control group, while no significant difference was found between the β-TCP and PLGA/β-TCP groups. At both time points, the height of new tissue/biomaterial in the central third of the defect was significantly increased when the β-TCP or PLGA/β-TCP was used. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen -positive cells were observed around and inside the β-TCP or PLGA/β-TCP, and TRAP-positive cells were found at the surface of the biomaterials, suggesting that remodeling was occurring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of PLGA-coated β-TCP could promote bone regeneration to similar extent as the β-TCP biomaterial in this in vivo model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bizenjima
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan. atsaito@tdc.ac.jp.|Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan. atsaito@tdc.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: bone graft; bone regeneration; poly (lactide-co-glycolide); scaffold; tissue engineering; β-tricalcium phosphate