title: A mutation in the Cc.arp9 gene encoding a putative actin-related protein causes defects in fruiting initiation and asexual development in the agaricomycete Coprinopsis cinerea.
abstract: Agaricomycetes exhibit a remarkable morphological differentiation from vegetative mycelia to huge fruiting bodies. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the fruiting body development, we have isolated and characterized many Coprinopsis cinerea mutant strains defective in fruiting initiation to date. Dikaryon formation in agaricomycetes, which is followed by fruiting development, is governed by the mating type loci, A and B. Recently, mutations in the Cc.snf5 gene, which encodes a putative component of the chromatin remodeling complex switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF), were shown to cause defects in A-regulated clamp cell morphogenesis, as well as in fruiting initiation. Here, we demonstrate that Cc.arp9, which encodes a putative actin-related protein associated with two chromatin remodeling complexes, SWI/SNF and remodels the structure of chromatin (RSC), is also essential for fruiting initiation. In contrast to Cc.snf5 mutants, Cc.arp9 mutants were not defective in clamp cell formation. The effects of mutations in Cc.arp9 and Cc.snf5 on oidia production and the transcriptional expression levels of clp1 and pcc1, which are under the control of the A gene, were also examined. These indicated that Cc.Snf5 is involved in A-regulated pathways, whereas Cc.Arp9 is not apparently. Cc.arp9/Cc.snf5 double-gene disruptants were generated and their phenotypes were analyzed, which suggested a complicated developmental regulation mechanism mediated by chromatin remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan. tnakazaw@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp.|Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. tnakazaw@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakahori
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D025301:Hyphae; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D005656:Fungal Proteins
keywords: Basidiomycete; Coprinopsis cinerea; Mushroom; RSC; SNF