title: Integrating Competition for Food, Hosts, or Mates via Experimental Evolution.
abstract: Competitive interactions shape the evolution of organisms. However, often it is not clear whether competition is the driving force behind the patterns observed. The recent use of experimental evolution in competitive environments can help establish such causality. Unfortunately, this literature is scattered, as competition for food, mates, and hosts are subject areas that belong to different research fields. Here, we group these bodies of literature, extract common processes and patterns concerning the role of competition in shaping evolutionary trajectories, and suggest perspectives stemming from an integrative view of competition across these research fields. This review reinstates the power of experimental evolution in addressing the evolutionary consequences of competition, but highlights potential pitfalls in the design of such experiments.
authors.affiliation: cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Edifício C2, 3° piso, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Leonor R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Montpellier, UMR 5554 (Université de Montpellier/CNRS/IRD), Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Alison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Edifício C2, 3° piso, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Salomé H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.affiliation: Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas - (EEZA, CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moya-Laraño
authors.affiliation: cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Edifício C2, 3° piso, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: snmagalhaes@fc.ul.pt.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magalhães
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005502:Food; D052586:Mating Preference, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: character displacement; coinfection; male–male competition; selection experiments; sexual selection; virulence