title: Post-treatment of refinery wastewater effluent using a combination of AOPs (H2O2 photolysis and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation) for possible water reuse. Comparison of low and medium pressure lamp performance.
abstract: The main aim of this work was to study the feasibility of multi-barrier treatment (MBT) consisting of filtration, hydrogen peroxide photolysis (H2O2/UVC) and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) for post-treatment of petroleum refinery effluent. Also the possibility of water reuse or safe discharge was considered. The performance of MBT using medium (MP) and low (LP) pressure lamps was compared as well as operation and maintenance (O&M) cost. Decomposition of organic compounds was followed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis. After filtration step (25 μm) turbidity and concentration of suspended solids decreased by 92% and 80%, respectively. During H2O2/UVC process with LP lamp at optimal conditions (H2O2:TOC ratio 8 and UVC dose received by water 5.28 WUVC s cm(-2)) removal of phenolic compounds, TOC and COD was 100%, 52.3% and 84.3%, respectively. Complete elimination of phenolic compounds, 47.6% of TOC and 91% of COD was achieved during H2O2/UVC process with MP lamp at optimal conditions (H2O2:TOC ratio 5, UVC dose received by water 6.57 WUVC s cm(-2)). In order to compare performance of H2O2/UVC treatment with different experimental set up, the UVC dose required for removal of mg L(-1) of COD was suggested as a parameter and successfully applied. The hydrophilicity of H2O2/UVC effluent significantly increased which in turn enhanced the oxidation of organic compounds during CWPO step. After H2O2/UVC treatment with LP and MP lamps residual H2O2 concentration was 160 mg L(-1) and 96.5 mg L(-1), respectively. Remaining H2O2 was fully consumed during subsequent CWPO step (6 and 3.5 min of contact time for LP and MP, respectively). Total TOC and COD removal after MBT was 94.7% and 92.2% (using LP lamp) and 89.6% and 95%, (using MP lamp), respectively. The O&M cost for MBT with LP lamp was estimated to be 0.44 € m(-3) while with MP lamp it was nearly five times higher. Toxicity assessment was performed using two marine species (Vibrio fischeri and Paracentrotus lividus sea-urchin) after each treatment step. The highest toxicity was attributed to H2O2/UVC effluent for both tested species. After MBT a drastic decrease of toxicity was achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Poligono Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain. Electronic address: juanjose.rueda@uca.es.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rueda-Márquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Poligono Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain; Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli 50130, Finland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levchuk
authors.affiliation: Science & Technology Area, Abengoa Research, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Poligono Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acevedo-Merino
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Poligono Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Manzano
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000066388:Oil and Gas Industry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D047328:Paracentrotus / Q000187:drug effects*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010545:Peroxides; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol; Paracentrotus lividus; Phenol; Toxicity; UVC dose; Vibrio fischeri