title: First evidence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in the Netherlands.
abstract: In spring 2008, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was detected for the first time in the Netherlands. The virus was isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from a put-and-take fishery with angling ponds. IHNV is the causative agent of a serious fish disease, infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). From 2008 to 2011, we diagnosed eight IHNV infections in rainbow trout originating from six put-and-take fisheries (symptomatic and asymptomatic fish), and four IHNV infections from three rainbow trout farms (of which two were co-infected by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV), at water temperatures between 5 and 15 °C. At least one farm delivered trout to four of these eight IHNV-positive farms. Mortalities related to IHNV were mostly <40%, but increased to nearly 100% in case of IHNV and IPNV co-infection. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that these 12 isolates clustered into two different monophyletic groups within the European IHNV genogroup E. One of these two groups indicates a virus-introduction event by a German trout import, whereas the second group indicates that IHNV was already (several years) in the Netherlands before its discovery in 2008.
authors.affiliation: NRL for Fish, Crustacean and Shellfish Diseases, CVI of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: O L M
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Haenen
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, NRL for EUS and ISA, Bundesforschungs Institut für Tiergesundheit, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schuetze
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, NRL for EUS and ISA, Bundesforschungs Institut für Tiergesundheit, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cieslak
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority NVWA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority NVWA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A H
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Spierenburg
authors.affiliation: NRL for Fish, Crustacean and Shellfish Diseases, CVI of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roozenburg-Hengst
authors.affiliation: NRL for Fish, Crustacean and Shellfish Diseases, CVI of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voorbergen-Laarman
authors.affiliation: NRL for Fish, Crustacean and Shellfish Diseases, CVI of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Engelsma
authors.affiliation: Fish Diseases Unit (EURL), Section for Virology, DTU National Veterinary Institute, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Olesen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D029142:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009426:Netherlands; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D010802:Phylogeny; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: epidemiology; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; rainbow trout; the Netherlands