title: Extrusion of barley and oat influence the fecal microbiota and SCFA profile of growing pigs.
abstract: The effect of extrusion of barley and oat on the fecal microbiota and the formation of SCFA was evaluated using growing pigs as model system. The pigs were fed a diet containing either whole grain barley (BU), oat groat (OU), or their respective extruded samples (BE and OE). 454 pyrosequencing showed that the fecal microbiota of growing pigs was affected by both extrusion and grain type. Extruded grain resulted in lower bacterial diversity and enrichment in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with members of the Streptococcus, Blautia and Bulleidia genera, while untreated grain showed enrichment in OTUs affiliated with members of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, and the butyrate-producing bacteria Butyricicoccus, Roseburia, Coprococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio. Untreated grain resulted in a significant increase of n-butyric, i-valeric and n-valeric acid, which correlated with an increase of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. This is the first study showing that cereal extrusion affects the microbiota composition and diversity towards a state generally thought to be less beneficial for health, as well as less amounts of beneficial butyric acid.
authors.affiliation: Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway. birgitte.moen@nofima.no.
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.affiliation: Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway. birgitte.moen@nofima.no.
authors.forename: Ingunn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berget
authors.affiliation: Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway. birgitte.moen@nofima.no.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rud
authors.affiliation: Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway. birgitte.moen@nofima.no.
authors.forename: Anastasia S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hole
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway.
authors.forename: Nils Petter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Kjos
authors.affiliation: Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway. birgitte.moen@nofima.no.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahlstrøm
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry*; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development; D010421:Pentanoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; C038780:n-pentanoic acid