title: Differential responses to environmental challenge by common carp Cyprinus carpio highlight the importance of coping style in integrative physiology.
abstract: Common carp Cyprinus carpio displaying proactive or reactive stress coping styles were acclimated to two environmental regimes (low oxygen and low temperature), and selected groups were tested for response to an inflammatory challenge (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Plasma glucose and lactate levels were measured, as were selected C. carpio-specific messenger (m)RNA transcript abundance, including cortisol receptor (CR), enolase (ENO), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) was measured in individual whole brain samples. Basal levels (in sham injected fish held in normoxic conditions at 25° C) of plasma lactate and glucose differed between coping styles, being significantly lower in proactive individuals. Both variables increased in response to LPS challenge, with the exception of plasma glucose in reactive fish held in hypoxia. Baseline levels of gene expression under control conditions were significantly different for GAPDH between behavioural phenotypes. The responses to experimental challenge were sometimes diametrically opposed between stress-coping styles in a transcript-specific manner. For CR and GAPDH, for example, the response to LPS injection in hypoxia were opposite between proactive and reactive animals. Proactive fish showed decreased CR and increased GAPDH, whereas reactive showed the opposite response. These results further highlight that screening for stress-coping styles prior to experiments in adaptive physiology can significantly affect the interpretation of data obtained. Further, this leads to a more finely tuned analytical output providing an improved understanding of variation in individual responses to both environmental and inflammatory challenge.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain.|Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire, FK9 4LA, U.K.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: Institut de Ciencies del Mar, Renewable Marine Resources Department, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morera Capdevila
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Callol
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Huntingford
authors.affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture, Zaborze ul. Kalinowa2, 43-520, Chybie, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilarczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain.|Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire, FK9 4LA, U.K.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Cyprinidae; competitive ability; cortisol receptor; metabolic rate; risk-taking