title: Full-length amelogenin influences the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein well known for its role in the organization and mineralization of enamel. Clinically, it is used for periodontal regeneration and, due to its finding also in predentin and intercellular spaces of dental pulp cells, it has recently been suggested for pulp capping procedures. The aim of this study was to analyse in vitro the effect of the recombinant human full-length amelogenin on the growth and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human DPSCs were treated with a supplement of amelogenin at a concentration of 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml. The groups were compared to the unstimulated control in terms of cell morphology and proliferation, mineralization and gene expression for ALP (alkaline phosphatase), DMP1 (dentin matrix protein-1) and DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amelogenin affects hDPSCs differently than PDL (periodontal ligament) cells and other cell lines. The proliferation rate at two weeks is significantly reduced in presence of the highest concentration of amelogenin as compared to the unstimulated control. hDPSCs treated with low concentrations present a downregulation of DMP1 and DSPP, which is significant for DSPP (p = 0.011), but not for DMP1 (p = 0.395).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These finding suggest that the role of full-length amelogenin is not restricted to participation in tooth structure. It influences the differentiation of hDPSC according to various concentrations and this might impair the clinical results of pulp capping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Goethestraße, 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany. irisfrasheri@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frasheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Goethestraße, 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany. chrisern@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ern
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Goethestraße, 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany. diegritz@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diegritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Goethestraße, 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany. hickel@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany. michael.hristov@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hristov
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Goethestraße, 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany. mfolwa@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folwaczny
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D053523:Amelogenin / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009805:Odontogenesis; D012038:Regeneration
chemical_list: D053523:Amelogenin; D015415:Biomarkers