title: A Modern Radiotherapy Series of Survival in Hispanic Patients with Glioblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown racial differences in cancer outcomes. We investigate whether survival differences existed in Hispanic patients with glioblastoma (GBM) compared with other ethnicities from our modern radiotherapy series, because no study to date has focused on outcomes in this group after radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 428 patients diagnosed with GBM from 1996 to 2014 at our institution, divided into 4 groups based on self-report: white, black, Hispanic, and Asian/Indian. The primary outcome was overall survival. We analyzed differences in prognostic factors among the whole cohort compared with the Hispanic cohort alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics of the 4 racial groups were comparable. With a median follow-up of 387 days, no survival differences were seen by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Median overall survival for Hispanic patients was 355 days versus 450 days for the entire cohort. Factors significant for patient outcomes in the entire cohort differed slightly from those specific to Hispanic patients. Low Karnofsky Performance Status was significant on multivariate analysis in the whole population, but not in Hispanic patients. Extent of resection, recursive partitioning analysis class, and radiation therapy total dose were significant on multivariate analysis in both the whole population and Hispanic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that Hispanic patients with GBM had no difference in survival compared with other ethnicities in our cohort. Differences exist in factors associated with outcomes on single and multivariate analysis for Hispanic patients with GBM compared with the entire cohort. Additional studies focusing on Hispanic patients will aid in more personalized treatment approaches in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address: tjw2117@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Tony J C
authors.initials: TJC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Soun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Shumaila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.affiliation: Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Yasir H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gartrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Heva J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Saadatmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Grubb
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Isaacson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Simon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sisti
authors.affiliation: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sameer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.affiliation: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lassman
authors.affiliation: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: McKhann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: Ethnicity; Glioblastoma; Hispanic; Race; Radiation Therapy