title: Simultaneous enantioseparation and purity determination of chiral switches of amlodipine and atenolol by liquid chromatography.
abstract: A novel, selective and robust enantiospecific HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and atenolol enantiomers. Box-Behnken design was employed to identify the effect of factors (% ethanol, % diethylamine and flow rate) and their interactions on enantioresolution and analysis time. Chromatography was performed using mobile phase comprising acetonitrile, ethanol and DEA (92:8:0.2% v/v/v) delivered at a flow rate of 1.2mLmin(-1) on a Lux Cellulose-4 column. The enantiomers were monitored at a wavelength of 240nm and separation was achieved within 8min. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantification. The method was found to be linear (R(2)≥0.991), accurate (99.8-101.4%) and precise (%RSD≤3%). Additionally, fractional factorial design was used to evaluate the robustness of the method and non-significant intervals for mixture related factors were established using contour profiling. Furthermore, the pertinence of this validated method was established by analyzing three different commercially available formulations. The obtained results confirmed that the proposed method can be extended for routine enantiopurity assay of amlodipine and atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India. Electronic address: vallikonnect@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valliappan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kannappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India. Electronic address: reddysince1989@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sai Sandeep
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mannemala
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004340:Drug Contamination; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D017311:Amlodipine; D001262:Atenolol
keywords: Amlodipine; Atenolol; Chiral switches; Enantiopurity assay; Enantioseparation; Liquid chromatography