title: Glutathione levels in plasma, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal therapy in obese and normal weight individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels in the gingival crevicular fluid, plasma and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis and to evaluate the changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 60 patients: 30 patients with chronic periodontitis (15 obese patients and 15 normal weight patients) and 30 healthy control subjects (15 obese patients and 15 normal weight patients). Gingival crevicular fluid, plasma and saliva samples were collected, and clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline and at the first month after periodontal therapy from patients with chronic periodontitis. GSH and GSSG levels were analyzed with spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GSH levels in the plasma, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in obese individuals with chronic periodontitis were lower than in normal weight individuals at baseline (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the GSH/GSSG ratio in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid between the obese and normal weight groups at baseline (p < 0.01). The GSH levels in plasma, gingival crevicular fluid and saliva were significantly increased in both chronic periodontitis groups after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (p < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between GSH levels in saliva, plasma and gingival crevicular fluid in all groups (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed that obesity in patients with chronic periodontitis is associated with decreased GSH levels and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Moreover, nonsurgical periodontal therapy may be helpful for improvement in glutathione values in obese and normal weight individuals with chronic periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Öngöz Dede
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ş
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Bozkurt Doğan
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Balli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Durmuşlar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baratzade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
keywords: antioxidants; chronic periodontitis; glutathione; obesity