title: Elevated nutrients change bacterial community composition and connectivity: high throughput sequencing of young marine biofilms.
abstract: Biofilms are integral to many marine processes but their formation and function may be affected by anthropogenic inputs that alter environmental conditions, including fertilisers that increase nutrients. Density composition and connectivity of biofilms developed in situ (under ambient and elevated nutrients) were compared using 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S gene. Elevated nutrients shifted community composition from bacteria involved in higher processes (eg Pseudoalteromonas spp. invertebrate recruitment) towards more nutrient-tolerant bacterial species (eg Terendinibacter sp.). This may enable the persistence of biofilm communities by increasing resistance to nutrient inputs. A core biofilm microbiome was identified (predominantly Alteromonadales and Oceanospirillales) and revealed shifts in abundances of core microbes that could indicate enrichment by fertilisers. Fertiliser decreased density and connectivity within biofilms indicating that associations were disrupted perhaps via changes to energetic allocations within the core microbiome. Density composition and connectivity changes suggest nutrients can affect the stability and function of these important marine communities.
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Jasmin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lawes
authors.affiliation: b School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Neilan
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.|b School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Mark V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Graeme F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.|c Sydney Institute of Marine Science , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000502:physiology; D056265:Microbial Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000502:physiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Marine biofilms; biological networks; high-throughput pyrosequencing; nutrient enrichment