title: Effect of Novel Quick Freezing Techniques Combined with Different Thawing Processes on Beef Quality.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of various freezing and thawing techniques on the quality of beef. Meat samples were frozen using natural convection freezing (NF), individual quick freezing (IQF), or cryogenic freezing (CF) techniques, followed by natural convection thawing (NCT) or running water thawing (RT). The meat was frozen until the core temperature reached -12℃ and then stored at -24℃, followed by thawing until the temperature reached 5℃. Quality parameters, such as the pH, water binding properties, CIE color, shear force, and microstructure of the beef were elucidated. Although the freezing and thawing combinations did not cause remarkable changes in the quality parameters, rapid freezing, in the order of CF, IQF, and NF, was found to minimize the quality deterioration. In the case of thawing methods, NCT was better than RT and the meat quality was influence on the thawing temperature rather than the thawing rate. Although the microstructure of the frozen beef exhibited an excessive loss of integrity after the freezing and thawing, it did not cause any remarkable change in the beef quality. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CF and NCT form the best combination for beef processing; however, IQF and NCT may have practical applications in the frozen food industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: You-Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyeong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 565-851, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 565-851, Korea.
authors.forename: Gui-Jung
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Gi
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Min
keywords: beef; cryogenic; quality; quick freezing; thawing