title: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Associated With Change of Visceral Adipose Tissue Over 6 Years of Follow-Up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake has been linked to abnormal abdominal adipose tissue. We examined the prospective association of habitual SSB intake and change in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quantity (volume, cm(3)) and quality (attenuation, Hounsfield Unit) of abdominal adipose tissue were measured using computed tomography in 1003 participants (mean age 45.3 years, 45.0% women) at examination 1 and 2 in the Framingham's Third Generation cohort. The 2 exams were ≈ 6 years apart. At baseline, SSB and diet soda intake were assessed using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Participants were categorized into 4 groups: none to <1 serving/mo (nonconsumers), 1 serving/mo to <1 serving/week, 1 serving/week to 1 serving/d, and ≥ 1 serving/d (daily consumers) of either SSB or diet soda. After adjustment for multiple confounders including change in body weight, higher SSB intake was associated with greater change in VAT volume (P trend<0.001). VAT volume increased by 658 cm(3) (95% confidence interval [CI], 602 to 713), 649 cm(3) (95% CI, 582 to 716), 707 cm(3) (95% CI, 657 to 757), and 852 cm(3) (95% CI, 760 to 943) from nonconsumers to daily consumers. Higher SSB intake was also associated with greater decline of VAT attenuation (P trend=0.007); however, the association became nonsignificant after additional adjustment for VAT volume change. In contrast, diet soda consumption was not associated with change in abdominal adipose tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular SSB intake was associated with adverse change in both VAT quality and quantity, whereas we observed no such association for diet soda.
authors.affiliation: From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.).
authors.forename: Jiantao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.).
authors.forename: Nicola M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.affiliation: From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.).
authors.forename: Shih-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.).
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.).
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.affiliation: From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.). foxa@nhlbi.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: obesity; subcutaneous adipose tissue; visceral adipose tissue