title: Environmental assessment of pesticides in the Mondego River Estuary (Portugal).
abstract: The Mondego River estuary, located on the North Atlantic Ocean Ecoregion, is a basin affected by agricultural run-off with increasing signs of eutrophication. We evaluated the amounts and distribution of 56 priority pesticides belonging to distinct categories (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides). Temporal trends were considered and a total of 42 surface water samples were collected between 2010 and 2011. More than 55% of the GC-MS/MS-quantified pesticides were above the maximum amounts established by the European Directives (98/83/EC and 2013/39/EU). Based on the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models, we used a two-tiered approach to assess the hazard of the pesticide mixture, at the maximum concentration found, reflecting a potential risk. Short-term exposure using Artemia salina indicated a significant toxic effect where the locomotion of the animals was clearly affected.
authors.affiliation: CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Department of Microscopy, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: catarinarcruzeiro@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruzeiro
authors.affiliation: CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Department of Microscopy, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: erocha@icbas.up.pt.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, UC - University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, P 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: mpardal@ci.uc.pt.
authors.forename: Miguel Ângelo
authors.initials: MÂ
authors.lastname: Pardal
authors.affiliation: CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Department of Microscopy, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: mjrocha@icbas.up.pt.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D063366:Estuaries; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011174:Portugal; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Artemia; Environmental monitoring; GC–MS/MS; Pesticide mixtures; Risk assessment; Surface coastal water