title: Protective Role of Curcumin and Flunixin Against Acetic Acid-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Modulating Inflammatory Mediators and Cytokine Profile in Rats.
abstract: Ulcerative colitis is a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin. The present study is to evaluate the effect of flunixin and curcumin in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of 12 animals: normal control group, acetic acid group, curcumin-treated group, and flunixin-treated group. Induction of colitis by intracolonic administration of 4% acetic acid produced severe macroscopic inflammation in the colon, 14 days after acetic acid administration as assessed by the colonic damage score. Microscopically, colonic tissues showed ulceration, edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Biochemical studies revealed increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), colonic alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Oxidative stress was indicated by elevated lipid peroxide formation and depleted reduced glutathione concentrations in colonic tissues. After induction of colitis, treatment with curcumin (50 mg/kg daily, p.o.) and flunixin (2.5 mg/kg daily, s.c.) decreased serum LDH, ALP, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, as well as colonic MPO and lipid peroxide levels, whereas increased colonic prostaglandin E2 and IL-10 concentrations were observed. Moreover, effective doses of curcumin and flunixin were effective in restoring the histopathological changes induced by acetic acid administration. The findings of the present study provide evidence that flunixin may be beneficial in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Boobalan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gopu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Rasakatla
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dileep
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Matukumalli Usha
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: C S V Satish
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Matham Vijay
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Alla Gopala
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003002:Clonixin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C014557:flunixin; D003474:Curcumin; D019342:Acetic Acid; D003002:Clonixin