title: Interprofessional Obstetric Ultrasound Education: Successful Development of Online Learning Modules; Case-Based Seminars; and Skills Labs for Registered and Advanced Practice Nurses, Midwives, Physicians, and Trainees.
abstract: Ultrasound is an important aid in the clinical diagnosis and management of normal and complicated pregnancy and childbirth. The technology is widely applied to maternity care in the United States, where comprehensive standard ultrasound examinations are routine. Targeted scans are common and used for an increasing number of clinical indications due to emerging research and a greater availability of equipment with better image resolution at lower cost. These factors contribute to an increased demand for obstetric ultrasound education among students and providers of maternity care, despite a paucity of data to inform education program design and evaluation. To meet this demand, from 2012 to 2015 the University of California, San Francisco nurse-midwifery education program developed and implemented an interprofessional obstetric ultrasound course focused on clinical applications commonly managed by maternity care providers from different professions and disciplines. The course included matriculating students in nursing and medicine, as well as licensed practitioners such as registered and advanced practice nurses, midwives, and physicians and residents in obstetrics and gynecology and family medicine. After completing 10 online modules with a pre- and posttest of knowledge and interprofessional competencies related to teamwork and communication, trainees attended a case-based seminar and hands-on skills practicum with pregnant volunteers. The course aimed to establish a foundation for further supervised clinical training prior to independent practice of obstetric ultrasound. Course development was informed by professional guidelines and clinical and education research literature. This article describes the foundations, with a review of the challenges and solutions encountered in obstetric ultrasound education development and implementation. Our experience will inform educators who wish to facilitate obstetric ultrasound competency development among new and experienced maternity care providers in academic and clinical settings. This article is part of a special series of articles that address midwifery innovations in clinical practice, education, interprofessional collaboration, health policy, and global health.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw-Battista
authors.forename: Nichole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Young-Lin
authors.forename: Sage
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bearman
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dau
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004501:Education, Medical; D004506:Education, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D008880:Midwifery / Q000193:education*; D009721:Nurse Midwives; D009726:Nurses; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education; D010820:Physicians; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D013679:Technology, Radiologic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014495:Universities
keywords: clinical competence; education; health personnel; interprofessional education; medical education; nurse-midwives; obstetrics; patient care team; point-of-care ultrasound; pregnancy; prenatal; ultrasonography