title: Cigarette smoking and cigarette marketing exposure among students in selected African countries: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.
abstract: To investigate cigarette smoking prevalence and exposure to various forms of cigarette marketing among students in 10 African countries.
  
  
  
  We used data collected during 2009-2011 from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a school-based cross-sectional survey of students aged 13-15years, to measure the prevalence of cigarette smoking and exposure to cigarette marketing; comparisons to estimates from 2005 to 2006 were conducted for five countries where data were available.
  
  
  
  Current cigarette smoking ranged from 3.4% to 13.6% among students aged 13-15 in the 10 countries studied, although use of tobacco products other than cigarettes was more prevalent in all countries except in Cote D'Ivoire. Cigarette smoking was higher among boys than girls in seven out of the 10 countries. Among the five countries with two rounds of surveys, a significant decrease in cigarette smoking prevalence was observed in Mauritania and Niger; these two countries also experienced a decline in three measures of cigarette marketing exposure. It is also possible that smoking prevalence might have risen faster among girls than boys.
  
  
  
  Cigarette smoking among youth was noticeable in 10 African countries evaluated, with the prevalence over 10% in Cote D'Ivoire, Mauritania, and South Africa. Cigarette marketing exposure varied by the types of marketing; traditional venues such as TV, outdoor billboards, newspapers, and magazines were still prominent.
authors.affiliation: Office of Smoking and Health, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: itz8@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Luhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Office of Smoking and Health, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: gou8@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Krishna M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Palipudi
authors.affiliation: WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Electronic address: ramanadraiben@afro.who.int.
authors.forename: Nivo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramanandraibe
authors.affiliation: Office of Smoking and Health, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: sea5@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cigarette marketing; Exposure; Promotion and sponsorship; Tobacco advertising; Youth