title: Advances Toward a Norovirus Antiviral: From Classical Inhibitors to Lethal Mutagenesis.
abstract: Human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, yet there are no licensed antivirals. There is an urgent need for norovirus therapeutics, particularly for chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals, but also a potential need for prophylactic use in epidemics. Continued research has led to the identification of compounds that inhibit norovirus replication in vitro and, at least in some cases, are also effective in vivo against murine norovirus. Progress has included classical approaches targeting viral proteins and harnessing the antiviral action of interferon, strategies targeting essential host cell factors, and novel strategies exploiting the high mutation rate of noroviruses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goodfellow
mesh_terms: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C041747:nitazoxanide
keywords: antivirals; favipiravir; human norovirus; interferon λ; lethal mutagenesis; polymerase; protease