title: Serum Beta Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease, Hyperthyroidism, or Hepatic Lipidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ketones, including beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB), are produced in conditions of negative energy balance and decreased glucose utilization. Serum BHB concentrations in cats are poorly characterized in diseases other than diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Serum BHB concentrations will be increased in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperthyroidism (HT), or hepatic lipidosis (HL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight client-owned cats with CKD, 34 cats with HT, and 15 cats with HL; 43 healthy cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study. Serum BHB concentrations were measured at admission in cats with CKD, HT, and HL, for comparison with a reference interval established using healthy cats. Results of dipstick urine ketone measurement, when available, were compared to BHB measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beta hydroxybutyrate was above the reference interval (<0.11 mmol/L) in 6/28 cats (21%) with CKD, 7/34 cats (20%) with HT, and 11/15 cats (73%) with HL, significantly exceeding the expected 2.5% above the reference interval for healthy cats (P < .001 for all groups). Elevations were mild in CKD and HT groups (median BHB 0.1 mmol/L for both groups, 80th percentile 0.12 and 0.11 mmol/L, respectively), but more marked in HL cats (median BHB 0.2 mmol/L, 80th percentile 0.84 mmol/L). None of 11 cats with increased serum BHB concentration having urine dipstick analysis performed within 24 h of sampling for BHB were ketonuric.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increases in serum BHB concentrations occur in cats with CKD, HT, and HL, and might provide an useful index of catabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rendahl
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D002415:Cats; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
keywords: Ketonuria; Ketosis; Metabolism; Reference intervals