title: Distinctive Resting State Network Disruptions Among Alzheimer's Disease, Subcortical Vascular Dementia, and Mixed Dementia Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent advances in resting-state functional MRI have revealed altered functional networks in Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially those of the default mode network (DMN) and central executive network (CEN). However, few studies have evaluated whether small vessel disease (SVD) or combined amyloid and SVD burdens affect the DMN or CEN.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SVD or combined amyloid and SVD burdens affect the DMN or CEN.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity within DMN and CEN in 37 Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB)(+) AD, 37 PiB(-) subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD), 13 mixed dementia patients, and 65 normal controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the resting-state DMN of PiB(+) AD and PiB(-) SVaD patients were compared, the PiB(+) AD patients displayed lower functional connectivity in the inferior parietal lobule while the PiB(-) SVaD patients displayed lower functional connectivity in the medial frontal and superior frontal gyri. Compared to the PiB(-) SVaD or PiB(+) AD, the mixed dementia patients displayed lower functional connectivity within the DMN in the posterior cingulate gyrus. When the resting-state CEN connectivity of PiB(+) AD and PiB(-) SVaD patients were compared, the PiB(-) SVaD patients displayed lower functional connectivity in the anterior insular region. Compared to the PiB(-) SVaD or PiB(+) AD, the mixed dementia patients displayed lower functional connectivity within the CEN in the inferior frontal gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that in PiB(+) AD and PiB(-) SVaD, there is divergent disruptions in resting-state DMN and CEN. Furthermore, patients with combined amyloid and SVD burdens exhibited more disrupted resting-state DMN and CEN than patients with only amyloid or SVD burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jungho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Yeon
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeo Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yearn Seong
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Duk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012146:Rest; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid; central executive network; default mode network; resting-state functional MRI; small vessel disease; subcortical vascular dementia