title: Does place of service matter? A utilisation and cost analysis of sexually transmissible infection testing from 2012 claims data.
abstract: Background In this study, a previous study on the utilisation and cost of sexually transmissible infection (STI) tests was augmented by focusing on outpatient place of service for the most utilised tests.
  
  
  
  Claims for eight STI tests [chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), syphilis and trichomoniasis] using the most utilised current procedural terminology (CPT) code for each STI from the 2012 MarketScan outpatient table were extracted. The volume and costs by gender and place of service were then summarised. Finally, semi-log regression analyses were used to further examine and compare costs.
  
  
  
  Females had a higher number of test claims than males in all places of service for each STI. Together, claims from 'Independent Laboratories', 'Office' and 'Outpatient hospital' accounted for over 93% of all the test claims. The cost of tests were slightly (<5%) different between males and females for most places of service. Except for the estimated average cost for 'Outpatient hospital', the estimated average costs for the other categories were significantly lower (15-80%, P<0.01) than the estimated average cost for 'Emergency Room - Hospital' for all the STIs. Among the predominant service venues, test costs from 'Independent Laboratory' and 'Office' were 30% to 69% lower (P<0.01) than those from 'Outpatient Hospital'.
  
  
  
  Even though the results from this study are not generalisable, our study shows that almost all STI tests from outpatient claims data were performed in three service venues with considerable cost variations.
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-80, Atlanta, GA30333, USA.
authors.forename: Kwame
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Owusu-Edusei
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-80, Atlanta, GA30333, USA.
authors.forename: Chirag G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-80, Atlanta, GA30333, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gift
mesh_terms: D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008297:Male; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013587:Syphilis / Q000175:diagnosis; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000175:diagnosis