title: Temperament moderates the association between sleep duration and cognitive performance in children.
abstract: The importance of sufficient sleep for cognitive performance has been increasingly recognized. Individual differences in susceptibility to effects of sleep restriction have hardly been investigated in children. We investigated whether individual differences in temperament moderate the association of sleep duration with sustained attention, inhibition, and working memory in 123 children (42% boys) aged 9 to 11 years. Sleep duration was assessed using parental diaries, and temperament traits of extraversion and negative affectivity were assessed by child self-report (Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised). Computerized assessment of sustained attention (short-form Psychomotor Vigilance Task, PVT), inhibition (PVT Go/No-Go adaptation), and working memory (visual Digit Span) were performed at school. Our findings demonstrate that long-sleeping introverted and negatively affective children show worse sustained attention and working memory than short-sleeping children with these temperaments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marije C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Sleep Centre, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Slotervaartziekenhuis (Slotervaart Hospital), 1006 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rebecca G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Astill
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Benjamins
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Swaab
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.van.someren@nin.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: Eus J W
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Van Someren
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kristiaan B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Attention; Inhibition; Preadolescents; Sleep duration; Temperament; Working memory