title: Serial 18F-choline-PET imaging in patients receiving enzalutamide for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: response assessment and imaging biomarkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High rate of non-target lesions in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer usually limits applicability of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, and this has led to a growing interest in using PET/computed tomography (CT). We prospectively investigated the role of (18)F-choline (FCH)-PET/CT in patients receiving enzalutamide after docetaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 patients were monitored by means of FCH-PET/CT before and during the treatment. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the associations between metabolic parameters and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed no significant correlation between biochemical and FCH-PET responses. Multivariate analysis showed that only baseline maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) significantly correlated with biochemical progression-free survival, radiological progression-free survival and overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that FCH-PET/CT may play a role in defining prognosis of patients receiving enzalutamide because baseline SUVmax proved to be an independent prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, S. Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'oro 1, 38100 Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maines
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, S. Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'oro 1, 38100 Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Orazio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Caffo
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, S. Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'oro 1, 38100 Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sperduti
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bria
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, S. Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'oro 1, 38100 Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veccia
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, S. Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'oro 1, 38100 Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chierichetti
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, S. Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'oro 1, 38100 Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galligioni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009570:Nitriles; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009570:Nitriles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C516370:fluoromethylcholine; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin; C540278:enzalutamide; D002794:Choline
keywords: 18F-choline PET; castration-resistant prostate cancer; enzalutamide; response