title: Combination Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Prevents Vaginal Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Macaques Harboring Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
abstract: Genital inflammation associated with sexually transmitted infections increases susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it is unclear whether the increased risk can reduce the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We investigated whether coinfection of macaques with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis decreases the prophylactic efficacy of oral emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Macaques were exposed to simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) vaginally each week for up to 16 weeks and received placebo or FTC/TDF pericoitally. All animals in the placebo group were infected with SHIV, while 4 of 6 PrEP recipients remained uninfected (P= .03). Oral FTC/TDF maintains efficacy in a macaque model of sexually transmitted coinfection, although the infection of 2 macaques signals a modest loss of PrEP activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radzio
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Leecresia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Shanon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and Prevention.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farshy
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and Prevention.
authors.forename: Christi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuklenyik
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Chuong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNicholl
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heneine
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and Prevention.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: Ellen N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kersh
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
authors.forename: J Gerardo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: García-Lerma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060085:Coinfection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000069480:Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000150:complications*; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000069480:Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination
keywords: FTC/TDF; Truvada; pig-tailed macaque; pre-exposure prophylaxis; sexual transmitted infections (STIs)