title: [Evaluation on molluscicidal effect of chlorosalicylicamide on Oncomelania hupensis in schistosomiaisis endemic areas of eight provinces in China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a novel molluscicide, the salt quinoid-2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide from niclosamide (LDS), with 10% wettable powder, in main schistosomiasis epidemic areas of China, including Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang Province.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the immersion test, 6 effective concentrations of 10% LDS were tested respectively: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 g/m3 in the field; at the same time, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) with effective concentrations of 1.0 g/m was used as the molluscicide control, and the fresh water as the blank control, then the mortality rates of 0. hupensis snails were recorded at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the immersion. In the spraying test and powder-spraying test, 5 effective dosages of 10% LDS were tested respectively: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 g/m2, while 50% WPN 1.0 g/m2 was used as the molluscicide control, and the fresh water as the blank control in the field for 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, then the mortality rates of O. hupensis snails were recorded at 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after the spraying and powder-spraying.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The snail mortality rates of LDS using the immersion test for 72 h were more than 95% in the field of eight provinces (0.1 g/m in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, 0.2 g/m3 in Yunnan, Hunan and Hubei provinces, and 0.4 g/min Anhui Province); the snail mortality rates of LDS using the spraying test for 7 d were more than 85% (0.2 g/m2 in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces, 0.4 g/m2 in Sichuan and Anhui provinces, 0.6 g/m2 in Yunnan and Jiangsu provinces). The snail mortality rates of LDS the powder-spraying test for 7 d were more than 85% (0.6 g/m2 in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces). According to the standards of "Efficacy test methods and evaluation of molluscicide for pesticide registration (NY/T 1617-2008)", LDS is a qualified molluscicide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDS has good molluscicidal effects through the immersion, spraying and powder-spraying test in the fields. It is suitable for a variety of environments to control O. hupensis snails of schistosomiasis endemic areas in China. The recommended dosages of LDS are 0.1-0.2 g/m3 by the immersion method, 0.2-0.4 g/m2 by the spraying method, and 0.4-0.6 g/m2 by the powder-spraying method in the fields.
authors.forename: Feng-hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xing-jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Gui-ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ru-juan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zheng-ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xing-qi
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xi-guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Dong-chuan
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Wang-yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hong-gen
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tian-ping
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-duo
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: You-sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jian-rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Li-yong
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Xiao-lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D012908:Snails
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides