title: Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protection of cardiomyocytes from phosphine-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by acetyl-L-carnitine.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) on pathologic changes of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, ATP production, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis/necrosis induced by aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning. The study groups included: the Sham that received almond oil only; the AlP that received oral LD50 dose of aluminum; the AC-100, AC-200, and AC-300 which received concurrent oral LD50 dose of AlP and single 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of ALCAR by intraperitoneal injection. After 24 h, the rats were sacrificed; the heart and blood sample were taken for measurement of biochemical and mitochondrial factors. The results specified that ALCAR significantly attenuated the oxidative stress (elevated ROS and plasma iron levels) caused by AlP poisoning. ALCAR also increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase, which in turn amplified ATP production. Furthermore, flow cytometric assays and caspase activity indicated that ALCAR prohibited AlP-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; and Poisoning & Toxicology Research Center; and Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baghaei
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Abdolghaffari
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golaghaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baeeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Nasser
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ostad
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharifzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; and Poisoning & Toxicology Research Center; and Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran. Electronic address: Mohammad@TUMS.Ac.Ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010720:Phosphines; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010720:Phosphines; D000108:Acetylcarnitine; C044646:phosphine
keywords: Acetyl-l-carnitine; Cytochrome c oxidase; Oxidative stress; Phosphine