title: Electronic Cigarette and Electronic Hookah: A Pilot Study Comparing Two Vaping Products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the introduction of e-cigarettes into the U.S. market, the number and variety of vaping products has proliferated. E-hookahs are long, pen-like vaping devices that debuted in U.S. markets in 2014. By applying the Host, Agent, Vector, Environment (HAVE) Model, the objective of this exploratory study was to assess differences between e-cigarettes and e-hookahs to help inform tobacco regulatory science and practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In June-August 2014, a total of 54 unique manufactured e-cigarette and e-hookah products were identified at point of sales (POS) around three college campuses in Southeast U.S. Documented characteristics included brand name, disposable, rechargeable, nicotine containing, packaging, and flavor type. Statistical analyses were conducted October to November 2014 to assess frequency and percent of product type across POS and specific characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 54 products, 70.4% were e-cigarettes and 29.6% were e-hookahs. Across POS, drug stores and grocery stores carried e-cigarettes exclusively, while gas stations carried the greatest proportion of e-hookahs. Compared to e-hookahs, a greater proportion of e-cigarettes were non-disposable and contained nicotine; a greater proportion of e-hookahs came in fruit and other types of flavors compared to e-cigarettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that e-cigarettes and e-hookahs differ by specific product characteristics and by places where they are sold. Despite these differences, the products are used for similar purposes warranting careful monitoring of industry manufacturing and marketing, because the safety of both products is still undetermined. Additional research is needed to understand the uptake and continued use of these products.
authors.forename: Shanta R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Nyman
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Eriksen
keywords: E-cigarette; E-hookah; Point of Sales; Product Characteristics; Vaping Devices