title: Association of Haemostatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: This study aimed at investigating the association between haemostatic biomarkers, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines with chronic kidney disease in type 1 diabetic patients. Patients were divided into two groups: with nephropathy (albuminuria ≥ 30 mg/g and/or GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), n = 65; and without nephropathy (albuminuria < 30 mg/g and GFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), n = 60. INF-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α plasma levels were determined by flow cytometry. VWF, ADAMTS13 antigen, and D-Dimer plasma levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ADAMTS13 activity was assessed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. Elevated levels of INF-γ, VWF, ADAMTS13 antigen, D-Dimer, and reduced ADAMTS13 activity/antigen ratio were observed in patients with nephropathy as compared to those without nephropathy (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, resp.). Cytokines and haemostatic biomarkers remained associated with nephropathy after adjustments (use of statin, acetylsalicylic acid, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and angiotensin antagonist). INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 significantly correlated with haemostatic biomarkers. Inflammatory and hypercoagulability status are associated with nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus and an interrelationship between them may play an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, 35501-296 Divinopolis, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Pereira
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Domingueti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Bastos
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fóscolo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Instituto de Educação e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, 30150-250 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janice Sepúlveda
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Magalhães Freire
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luci Maria S
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dusse
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria das Graças
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braga Gomes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000097:blood; D000071120:ADAMTS13 Protein; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000071120:ADAMTS13 Protein; C099604:ADAMTS13 protein, human