title: Avian dendritic cells: Phenotype and ontogeny in lymphoid organs.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are critically important accessory cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems. Avian DCs were originally identified in primary and secondary lymphoid organs by their typical morphology, displaying long cell processes with cytoplasmic granules. Several subtypes are known. Bursal secretory dendritic cells (BSDC) are elongated cells which express vimentin intermediate filaments, MHC II molecules, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), and produce 74.3+ secretory granules. Avian follicular dendritic cells (FDC) highly resemble BSDC, express the CD83, 74.3 and CSF1R molecules, and present antigen in germinal centers. Thymic dendritic cells (TDC), which express 74.3 and CD83, are concentrated in thymic medulla while interdigitating DC are found in T cell-rich areas of secondary lymphoid organs. Avian Langerhans cells are a specialized 74.3-/MHC II+ cell population found in stratified squamous epithelium and are capable of differentiating into 74.3+ migratory DCs. During organogenesis hematopoietic precursors of DC colonize the developing lymphoid organ primordia prior to immigration of lymphoid precursor cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of the ontogeny, cytoarchitecture, and immunophenotype of avian DC, and offers an antibody panel for the in vitro and in vivo identification of these heterogeneous cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Tuzolto str. 58, Hungary. Electronic address: nagy.nandor@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
authors.forename: Nándor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Tuzolto str. 58, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bódi
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Tuzolto str. 58, Hungary.
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oláh
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000166:cytology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology*
keywords: Bursal secretory dendritic cell; Chicken; Development of avian DC; Follicular dendritic cell; Langerhans cell; Origin; Thymic dendritic cell