title: In vitro evaluation of the marginal integrity of CAD/CAM interim crowns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The accuracy of interim crowns made with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems has not been well investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of interim crowns made by CAD/CAM compared with that of conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) crowns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dentoform mandibular left second premolar was prepared for a ceramic crown and scanned for the fabrication of 60 stereolithical resin dies, half of which were scanned to fabricate 15 Telio CAD-CEREC and 15 Paradigm MZ100-E4D-E4D crowns. Fifteen Caulk and 15 Jet interim crowns were made on the remaining resin dies. All crowns were cemented with Tempgrip under a 17.8-N load, thermocycled for 1000 cycles, placed in 0.5% acid fuschin for 24 hours, and embedded in epoxy resin before sectioning from the mid-buccal to mid-lingual surface. The marginal discrepancy was measured using a traveling microscope, and dye penetration was measured as a percentage of the overall length under the crown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean vertical marginal discrepancy of the conventionally made interim crowns was greater than for the CAD/CAM crowns (P=.006), while no difference was found for the horizontal component (P=.276). The mean vertical marginal discrepancy at the facial surface of the Caulk crowns was significantly greater than that of the other 3 types of interim crowns (P<.001). At the facial margin, the mean horizontal component of the Telio crowns was significantly larger than that of the other 3 types, with no difference at the lingual margins (P=.150). The mean percentage dye penetration for the Paradigm MZ100-E4D crowns was significantly greater and for Jet crowns significantly smaller than for the other 3 crowns (P<.001). However, the mean percentage dye penetration was significantly correlated with the vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies of the Jet interim crowns at the facial surface and with the horizontal marginal discrepancies of the Caulk interim crowns at the lingual surface (P<.01 in each instance).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significantly smaller vertical marginal discrepancy was found with the interim crowns fabricated by CAD/CAM as compared with PMMA crowns; however, this difference was not observed for the horizontal component. The percentage dye penetration was correlated with vertical and horizontal discrepancies at the facial surface for the Jet interim crowns and with horizontal discrepancies at the lingual surface for the Caulk interim crowns.
authors.affiliation: Former graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa; and Visiting Dental Tutor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kwang Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kelvin Khng
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and DOWS Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address: ronald-ettinger@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ettinger
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gratton
authors.affiliation: Associate Research Scientist, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods*; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques