title: Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its risk factors in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based study of 10,033 participants (75.7% response rate) included Chinese, Indian and Malay persons aged 40 years and older. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination, standardized interviews and laboratory blood tests were performed. Digital fundus photographs were assessed for presence of RVO following the definitions used in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Regression analysis models were constructed to study the relationship between ocular and systemic factors and RVO. Age-specific prevalence rates of RVO were applied to project the number of people affected in Asia from 2013 to 2040.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall crude prevalence of RVO was 0.72% (n = 71; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.54-0.87%). The crude prevalence of RVO was similar in Chinese, Indian and Malay participants (p = 0.865). In multivariable regression models, significant risk factors of RVO included increased age (odds ratio, OR, 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06), hypertension (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.61-8.31), increased serum creatinine (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, per 10 mmol/L increase), history of heart attack (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.11-4.54) and increased total cholesterol (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.59, per 1 mmol/L increase). None of the ocular parameters were associated with RVO. RVO is estimated to affect up to 16 and 21 million people in Asia by 2020 and 2040, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RVO was detected in 0.72% of a multi-ethnic Asian population aged 40-80 years in Singapore. The significant systemic risk factors of RVO are consistent with studies in white populations.
authors.affiliation: a Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: a Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.|c Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore.
authors.forename: Carol Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: a Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.|d Department of Statistics and Applied Probability , National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre.|d Department of Statistics and Applied Probability , National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: Dechao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: e Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research , University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.|f Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Jie Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: e Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research , University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: a Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: a Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.|f Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Tien Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Branch retinal vein occlusion; central retinal vein occlusion; hypertension; multi-ethnic; retinal vein occlusion