title: Antidiabetic effect of total saponins from Polygonatum kingianum in streptozotocin-induced daibetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polygonatum kingianum has been used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, hyperlipidemia and related metabolic syndrome in Asian counties for centuries. In this study, the blood glucose regulation activity and mechanism of total saponins from P. kingianum (TSPK) were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in this research.
  
  
  METHODS
  TSPK (0.025g/kg and 0.1mg/kg) was administrated by gavage to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 8 weeks. Changes of body weight, food intakes, blood glucose, serum insulin and lipid indexes were observed. Genome-wide expression profiling was applied to explore the gene expression alternation after treated with TSPK. Expressions of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the relative transcript level of glucose kinase and glucose-6-phosphatase (GK/G6P) in the liver were investigated. Meanwhile, contents of AMPK, and glucose transporter subtype-4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle, and peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) in adipose tissue were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TSPK could effectively alleviate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats. Genome-wide expression profiling showed that TSPK up-regulated the expression of GLUT4 while down-regulated the expression of G6P in insulin signal pathway. In the liver, the expression of AMPK and GK are increased. Further more, TSPK promoted the expressions of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle, and PPAR-γ in adipose tissue, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide possible mechanisms for the antidiabetic effects of TSPK. TSPK could promote not only glycogenesis but also glucose utilization in peripheral tissue. Our results suggested that TSPK may be used as adjuvant therapy to control blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic individuals.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian-mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. Electronic address: cz.yujie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004144:Diosgenin; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP) / Q000378:metabolism; D031384:Polygonatum; D051381:Rats; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012503:Saponins; D013311:Streptozocin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP); D004144:Diosgenin
keywords: Antidiabetic effect; Insulin signaling pathway; Polygonatum kingianum; Total saponins