title: Compounds altering fat storage in Daphnia magna.
abstract: The analysis of lipid disruptive effects in invertebrates is limited by our poor knowledge of the lipid metabolic pathways. A recent study showed that tributyltin activated the ecdysteroid, juvenile hormone and retinoic X receptor signaling pathways, and disrupted the dynamics of neutral lipids in the crustacean Daphnia magna impairing the transfer of triacylglycerols to eggs and hence promoting their accumulation in post-spawning females. Tributyltin disruptive effects correlated with lower fitness for offspring and adults. The present study aims to addresses effects of existing compounds on storage lipids in post-spawning females and their health effects. D. magna individuals were exposed 12 chemicals that included vertebrate obesogens (tributyltin, triphenyltin, bisphenol A, nonylphenol, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), other contaminants known to affect arthropods (pyriproxyfen, fenarimol, methoprene, emamectin benzoate and fluoxetine), as well as the natural hormones methyl farnesoate and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Reproductive effects were also assessed. Quantitative changes in storage lipids accumulated in lipid droplets were studied using Nile red staining, which showed a close relationship with whole organism levels of triacylglycerols. Ten compounds altered storage lipids in a concentration related manner enhancing (tributyltin, bisphenol A, methyl farnesoate, pyriproxyfen and 20-hydroxyecdysone) or decreasing (nonylphenol, fenarimol, emamectin benzoate, methoprene and fluoxetine) their levels in post-spawning females. Eight compounds that altered lipid levels also had detrimental effects on growth and/or reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jordão
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garreta
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marco F L
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Amadeu M V M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Romà
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tauler
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: cbmqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia / Q000502:physiology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity; D012098:Reproduction; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D010636:Phenols; D011725:Pyridines; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032429:methyl farnesoate; C055613:pyriproxyfen; C011559:tributyltin; C025256:nonylphenol
keywords: Arthropod; Juvenile receptor; Lipid disruptor; Nuclear receptor; Obesogen; Reproduction