title: Loss of Y Chromosome in Peripheral Blood of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although age-related loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in normal hematopoietic cells is a well-known phenomenon, the phenotypic consequences of LOY have been elusive. However, LOY has been found in association with smoking, shorter survival and higher risk of cancer. It was suggested that LOY in blood cells could become a predictive biomarker of male carcinogenesis.
  To investigate the association of LOY in blood cells with the risk for development of colorectal (CC) and prostate cancers (PC), we have analyzed DNA samples from peripheral blood of 101 CC male patients (mean age 60.5±11.9 yrs), 70 PC patients (mean age 68.8±8.0 yrs) and 93 healthy control males (mean age 65.8±16.6 yrs). The methodology included co-amplification of homologous sequences on chromosome Y and other chromosomes using multiplex quantitative fluorescent (QF) PCR followed by automatic detection and analysis on ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer. The mean Y/X ratio was significantly lower in the whole group of cancer patients (0.907±0.12; p = 1.17x10-9) in comparison to the controls (1.015±0.15), as well as in CC (0.884±0.15; p = 3.76x10-9) and PC patients (0.941±0.06; p = 0.00012), when analyzed separately. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for LOY and age showed that LOY is a more significant predictor of cancer presence than age, and that age probably does not contribute to the increased number of subjects with detectable LOY in cancer patients cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our results support the recent findings of association of LOY in blood cells with carcinogenesis in males.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Predrag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Noveski
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madjunkova
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Emilija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sukarova Stefanovska
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomolecular Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Nadica
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matevska Geshkovska
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuzmanovska
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomolecular Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimovski
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Dijana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plaseska-Karanfilska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor