title: Lifestyle intervention to limit gestational weight gain: the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy limits gestational weight gain (GWG) and provides measurable health benefits for mother and newborn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthcare clinics of southern Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy, non-diabetic, nulliparous women, aged ≥18 years, with a body mass index of ≥19 kg/m2, and with a singleton pregnancy at ≤20 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were randomised to an intervention group (with dietary counselling twice by telephone and access to twice-weekly exercise groups) or to a control group (with standard prenatal care). Participants were measured three times during pregnancy and at delivery, and newborns were measured at delivery. Hospital records were reviewed for outcomes of pregnancy and delivery. Assessors were blinded to group allocation. Analysis was performed by intention to treat, assessing GWG using the Student's t-test and linear mixed models, and comparing proportions using the chi-square test.
  
  
  METHODS
  GWG, rates of pregnancy complications and operative deliveries, and newborn birthweight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 606 women were randomised. Of these, 591 were analysed, with 296 in the intervention group and 295 in the control group. At term, the mean GWG from pre-pregnancy was 14.4 kg for the intervention group and 15.8 kg for the control group (mean difference 1.3 kg; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.3-2.3 kg; P = 0.009). There was no significant difference between groups in the frequency of pregnancy complications or operative deliveries. The intervention demonstrated no effect on the mean birthweight of term infants, or on the proportion of large newborns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Norwegian Fit for Delivery lifestyle intervention in pregnancy had no measurable effect on obstetrical or neonatal outcomes, despite a modest but significant decrease in GWG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Norwegian Fit for Delivery RCT: reduced gestational weight gain, unchanged birthweight and obstetric outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Department of Research, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sagedal
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Øverby
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bere
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Torstveit
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lohne-Seiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Småstuen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hillesund
authors.affiliation: Section of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Department of Research, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vistad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003376:Counseling; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008019:Life Style; D009664:Norway; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050177:Overweight / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Birthweight; diet; intervention; lifestyle; physical activity; pregnancy; weight gain