title: Aerobic training enhances muscle deoxygenation in early post-myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise-induced skeletal muscle deoxygenation is startling by its absence in early post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Exercise training early post-MI is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk and increased aerobic capacity. We therefore investigated whether aerobic training could enhance the muscle deoxygenation in early post-MI patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 ± 8 days after the first MI patients (n = 16) were divided into 12-week aerobic training (TR, n = 10) or non-training (CON, n = 6) groups. Before and after intervention, patients performed ramp bicycle exercise until exhaustion. Muscle deoxygenation was measured at vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aerobic training significantly increased peak oxygen uptake (VO2) (18.1 ± 3.0 vs. 22.9 ± 2.8 mL/kg/min), decreased the change in muscle oxygen saturation from rest to submaximal and peak exercise (∆SmO2; 2.4 ± 5.7 vs. -7.0 ± 3.4 %), and increased the relative change in deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin concentration from rest to submaximal (-1.5 ± 2.3 vs. 3.0 ± 3.6 μmol/L) and peak exercise (1.1 ± 4.5 vs. 8.2 ± 3.5 μmol/L). Change in total hemoglobin/myoglobin concentration in muscle was not significantly affected by training. In CON, no significant alterations were found after 12 weeks in either muscle deoxygenation or peak VO2 (18.6 ± 3.8 vs. 18.9 ± 4.6 mL/kg/min). An increase in peak VO2 was significantly negatively correlated with change in ∆SmO2 (r = -0.65) and positively associated with change in ∆deoxy-Hb/Mb at peak exercise (r = 0.64) in TR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In early post-MI patients, aerobic training enhanced skeletal muscle deoxygenation, and the enhancement was related to increased aerobic capacity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan. stakagi@aoni.waseda.jp.|Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan. stakagi@aoni.waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryotaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kime
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsumura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010101:Oxygen Consumption
keywords: Cycling training; Ischemic heart disease; Microcirculation; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Oxygen transport