title: Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation and Cigarette Smoking in a Chinese Population.
abstract: Smoking is a risk factor for many human diseases. DNA methylation has been related to smoking, but genome-wide methylation data for smoking in Chinese populations is limited.
  
  
  
  We aimed to investigate epigenome-wide methylation in relation to smoking in a Chinese population.
  
  
  
  We measured the methylation levels at > 485,000 CpG sites (CpGs) in DNA from leukocytes using a methylation array and conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis of DNA methylation and smoking in a total of 596 Chinese participants. We further evaluated the associations of smoking-related CpGs with internal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biomarkers and their correlations with the expression of corresponding genes.
  
  
  
  We identified 318 CpGs whose methylation levels were associated with smoking at a genome-wide significance level (false discovery rate < 0.05), among which 161 CpGs annotated to 123 genes were not associated with smoking in recent studies of Europeans and African Americans. Of these smoking-related CpGs, methylation levels at 80 CpGs showed significant correlations with the expression of corresponding genes (including RUNX3, IL6R, PTAFR, ANKRD11, CEP135 and CDH23), and methylation at 15 CpGs was significantly associated with urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene, the most representative internal monohydroxy-PAH biomarker for smoking.
  
  
  
  We identified DNA methylation markers associated with smoking in a Chinese population, including some markers that were also correlated with gene expression. Exposure to naphthalene, a byproduct of tobacco smoke, may contribute to smoking-related methylation.
  
  
  
  Zhu X, Li J, Deng S, Yu K, Liu X, Deng Q, Sun H, Zhang X, He M, Guo H, Chen W, Yuan J, Zhang B, Kuang D, He X, Bai Y, Han X, Liu B, Li X, Yang L, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Hu J, Cheng L, Luo X, Mei W, Zhou Z, Sun S, Zhang L, Liu C, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Hu FB, Liang L, Wu T. 2016. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and cigarette smoking in Chinese. Environ Health Perspect 124:966-973; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509834.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Siyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Kuai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xuezhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qifei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Meian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Xiaosheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yansen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liangle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Haijing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yizhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Longxian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiaoting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shunchang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Liyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chuanyao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Tangchun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009284:Naphthols / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D009284:Naphthols; C015772:CpG dinucleotide; C028405:2-naphthol