title: Behaviour of spirotetramat residues and its four metabolites in citrus marmalade during home processing.
abstract: The effect of home processing on the residues of spirotetramat and its four metabolites (B-enol, B-glu, B-mono and B-keto) in citrus marmalade is comprehensively investigated in this paper by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A five-fold recommended dose of spirotetramat was applied to citrus fruit under field conditions and the processing included five steps: washing, peeling, pre-treatment for peel, mixing and boiling. The results showed that spirotetramat was the predominant component detected in unprocessed citrus, accounting for 64%. All the detected residues were primarily deposited on citrus peel, except for B-enol which was also present in the citrus pulp. Washing reduced spirotetramat, B-enol, B-glu and B-keto by 83%, 56%, 41% and 16%, respectively, and pre-treatment of the peel removed between 42% and 68% of the residues. Four compounds were all below the limit of detection after the mixing step. In the final product, only B-keto was detected at the concentration of 0.010 mg kg(-1). After the whole process, the processing factors for spirotetramat, B-enol, B-glu and B-keto were < 0.041, < 0.125, < 0.294 and 0.313, respectively, which indicated that home processing can significantly reduce residues of spirotetramat and its metabolites in citrus marmalade.
authors.affiliation: a Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Yanyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Xuesu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: c Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: a Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China.|d Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment/Quality Supervision and Testing Centre for Citrus and Seedling , Ministry of Agriculture , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Dali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: a Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: a Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: a Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China.|d Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment/Quality Supervision and Testing Centre for Citrus and Seedling , Ministry of Agriculture , Chongqing , China.|e National Center for Citrus Engineering , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Bining
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005511:Food Handling; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C570705:spirotetramat
keywords: Citrus; LC-MS; home processing; metabolites; spirotetramat