title: Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk and aflatoxin B1 in feed from household cows in Singida, Tanzania.
abstract: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in raw milk from household cows fed with sunflower seedcakes or sunflower-based seedcake feeds was determined in 37 milk samples collected randomly from different locations in Singida region, Tanzania. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in sunflower-based seedcake feed was determined in 20 feed samples collected from the same household dairy farmers. The samples were analysed by RP-HPLC using fluorescent detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. Recoveries were 88.0% and 94.5%, while the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.026 ng mL(-1) and 0.364 ng g(-1) for AFM1 and AFB1, respectively. Of the analysed cow's milk samples, 83.8% (31/37) contained AFM1, with levels ranging from LOD to 2.007 ng mL(-1), exceeding both the European Commission (EC) and Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (TFDA) limit of 0.05 ng mL(-1). Of the contaminated samples, 16.1% exceeded the Codex Alimentarius limit of 0.5 ng mL(-1). AFB1 was present in 65% (13/20) of the feed samples with levels ranging from LOD to 20.47 ng g(-1), 61.53% exceeding the TFDA and EC maximum limits of 5 ng g(-1) for complete dairy animal feed. The observed AFM1 and AFB1 contamination necessitates the need to raise awareness to dairy farmers in Tanzania to safeguard the health of the end-users.
authors.affiliation: a Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences , University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Salum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: a Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences , University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Joan J E
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Munissi
authors.affiliation: a Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences , University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nyandoro
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis*; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000032:analysis*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003612:Dairying; D004032:Diet; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005523:Food Supply; D006368:Helianthus; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: Aflatoxin M1; Singida; Tanzania; aflatoxin B1; cow’s milk; feed