title: Adolescent, parent and societal preferences and willingness to pay for meningococcal B vaccine: A Discrete Choice Experiment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meningococcal B (MenB) vaccines have been licensed in many countries with private purchase the only option until recently, when a funded programme was introduced in the UK. The aim of this study was to explore adolescent/parental values for a variety of salient vaccine attributes (cost, effectiveness, side effect profile) to assess preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a MenB vaccine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national cross-sectional population study was conducted in Australia using Discrete Choice Experiment methodology to assess adolescent/parent/adult preferences for attributes related to MenB vaccine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2003 adults and 502 adolescents completed the survey in 2013. The majority of participants were willing to be vaccinated with MenB vaccine with vaccination opt-out chosen by 11.9% of adolescents and parents, and 18.2% of non-parent adults. A mixed logit regression model examining adolescent/adult preferences indicated consistent findings; the higher the effectiveness, the longer the duration of protection, the less chance of adverse events and the lower the cost, the more likely respondents were to agree to vaccination. For an ideal MenB vaccine, including the most favoured level of each attribute summed together (90% effectiveness, 10 year duration, 1 injection, no adverse events) adolescents would pay AU$251.60 and parents AU$295.10. Adolescents and parents would pay AU$90.70 or AU$127.20 for 90% vaccine effectiveness vs AU$18.50 or AU$16.70 for 70% effectiveness and would want to be financially compensated for 50% effectiveness; pay AU$63.30 or AU$76.40 for 10 years protection; and pay AU$48.50 or AU$49.20 for no vaccine related adverse events. A slight fever post vaccination was a preferred choice with parents and adolescents willing to pay AU$9.60 or AU$12.30 for this attribute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccine effectiveness, adverse events and duration of immunity are important drivers for parental and adolescent decisions about WTP for MenB vaccine and should be included in discussions on the benefits, risks and cost.
authors.affiliation: Robinson Research Institute, and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia. Electronic address: helen.marshall@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Flinders Health Economics Group, Flinders University, South Australia 5041, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010290:Parents; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D057240:Patient Preference; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines
keywords: Discrete Choice Experiment; Health economics; MenB vaccine; Vaccine effectiveness; Values