title: The Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty.
abstract: There are many causes of residual pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Evaluation and management begins with a comprehensive history and physical examination, followed by radiographic evaluation of the replaced and adjacent joints, as well as previous films of the replaced joint. Further workup includes laboratory analysis, along with a synovial fluid aspirate to evaluate the white blood cell count with differential as well as culture. Advanced imaging modalities may be beneficial when the diagnosis remains unclear. Revision surgery is not advisable without a clear diagnosis, as it may be associated with poor results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center, 10800 Magnolia Avenue, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, 1611 West Harrison Street Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, 1611 West Harrison Street Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Electronic address: tad.gerlinger@rushortho.com.
authors.forename: Tad L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gerlinger
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012086:Reoperation
keywords: Failed total knee; Painful total knee; Revision total knee arthroplasty; Total knee arthroplasty