title: In vitro and clinical evaluation of SIG1273: a cosmetic functional ingredient with a broad spectrum of anti-aging and antioxidant activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isoprenylcysteine (IPC) small molecules were identified as a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds over 20 years ago. Since then, they have been developed as novel cosmetic functional ingredients (CFI) and topical drug candidates. SIG1273 is a second generation CFI that has previously been shown to provide a broad spectrum of benefits for the skin through its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether SIG1273 possesses anti-aging properties in vitro and evaluate the tolerability and activity of SIG1273 when applied topically to human subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  To model photoaging in vitro, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were exposed in culture to UVA to induce collagenase (MMP-1) production. An in vitro wound-healing model was based on the activation of HDF migration into cell-free tissue culture surface. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was performed using HDFs to measure intracellular ROS activity. Radical scavenging capacity was determined using a colorimetric antioxidant assay kit (ABTS method). Lastly, a 4-week, 29-subject study was performed in which SIG1273 was applied topically as a cream to assess its tolerance and activity in reducing the appearance of aging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro studies demonstrate SIG1273 inhibits UVA-induced MMP-1 production, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and promotes wound healing. Moreover, SIG1273 was shown to be a radical scavenging antioxidant. Clinical assessment of SIG1273 cream (0.25%) showed it was well tolerated with significant improvement in the appearance of fine lines, coarse wrinkles, radiance/luminosity, pore size, texture/smoothness, hydration and increased firmness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIG1273 represents a novel CFI with antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties that when applied topically is well tolerated and provides benefits to individuals with aging skin.
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rouzard
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voronkov
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffry B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Maxwell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Signum Dermalogix, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004954:Esthetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C581238:SIG1273; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: anti-aging; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; cosmeceutical