title: Long-term local control and survival after preoperative radiochemotherapy in combination with deep regional hyperthermia in locally advanced rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of deep regional hyperthermia on long-term local control and survival in locally advanced non-metastatic rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total 103 patients with locally advanced non-metastatic rectal cancer were treated preoperatively with either neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy alone (n = 43) or the same treatment with additional deep regional hyperthermia (n = 60). The two groups were compared with respect to local control, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving additional hyperthermia had excellent long-term local control with a 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of 98% compared with 87% in the radiochemotherapy only group (p = 0.09). Five-year rates for OS (88% versus 76%, p = 0.08), DFS (77% versus 73%, p = n.s.) and DMFS (75% versus 77%, p = n.s.) were not statistically different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiochemotherapy combined with hyperthermia results in excellent long-term local control.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gani
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spillner
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lamprecht
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zips
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Chemoradiotherapy; disease-free survival; hyperthermia; local control; overall survival; radiochemotherapy; rectal cancer