title: The inclination for conscious motor control after stroke: validating the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale for use in inpatient stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke survivors are inclined to consciously control their movements, a phenomenon termed "reinvestment". Preliminary evidence suggests reinvestment to impair patients' motor recovery. To investigate this hypothesis, an instrument is needed that can reliably assess reinvestment post-stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS) within inpatient stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred inpatient stroke patients (<1 year post-stroke) and 100 healthy peers completed the MSRS, which was translated to Dutch for the study purpose. To assess structural validity, confirmatory factor analysis determined whether the scale measures two latent constructs, as previously reported in healthy adults. Construct validity was determined by testing whether patients had higher reinvestment than controls. Reliability analyses entailed assessment of retest reliability (ICC), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and minimal detectable change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both structural and construct validity of the MSRS were supported. Retest reliability and internal consistency indices were acceptable to good. The minimal detectable change was adequate on group level, but considerable on individual level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MSRS is a valid and reliable tool and suitable to assess the relationship between reinvestment and motor recovery in the first months post-stroke. Eventually, this may help therapists to individualize motor learning interventions based on patients' reinvestment preferences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS) is a valid and reliable tool to objectify stroke patients' inclination for conscious motor control. The MSRS may be used to identify stroke patients who are strongly inclined to consciously control their movements, as this disposition may hinder their motor recovery. Eventually, the MSRS may enable clinicians to tailor motor learning interventions to stroke patients' motor control preferences.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research & Development , Heliomare Rehabilitation Centre , Wijk Aan Zee , The Netherlands ;|b Faculty of Psychology and Education , William James Graduate School, VU University Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;|c Faculty of Human Movement Sciences , Research Institute Move, VU University Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research & Development , Heliomare Rehabilitation Centre , Wijk Aan Zee , The Netherlands ;|c Faculty of Human Movement Sciences , Research Institute Move, VU University Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Houdijk
authors.affiliation: d Military Rehabilitation Centre Aardenburg , Doorn , The Netherlands ;
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Der Wurff
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research & Development , Heliomare Rehabilitation Centre , Wijk Aan Zee , The Netherlands ;
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Groet
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research & Development , Heliomare Rehabilitation Centre , Wijk Aan Zee , The Netherlands ;|e Coronel Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health , Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Bennekom
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Psychology and Education , William James Graduate School, VU University Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scherder
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Human Movement Sciences , Research Institute Move, VU University Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;|f Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van der Kamp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D014175:Translating; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: CVA; motor control; patient-reported outcome measure; physical therapy; rehabilitation; reinvestment; stroke