title: Noninvasive and repetitive measurement of cellular metabolite from human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) using 3.0 tesla proton (1H) MR spectroscopy.
abstract: This study suggests a noninvasive and repetitive measurement method using1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor changes in cellular metabolites within a single sample.
  
  
  
  Longitudinal acquisition of cellular metabolites from three-dimensional cultured human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells was conducted using 3.0 Tesla1H MRS for 2 weeks at three time points: days 1, 7, and 14. During the MR spectroscopy (MRS) scan, cell specimen temperatures were kept constant at 37°C by a lab-developed magnetic resonance compatible thermostatic device. A DNA assay and live/dead staining of the cell specimens were carried out at each time point to verify the MRS measurements.
  
  
  
  Cell viability in the proposed device did not significantly differ from that of cells in a conventional incubator (P = 0.946). Cell proliferation and choline concentration increased during the first week, but remained constant during the second week. Lactate did not change during the first week, but increased during the second week. Likewise, cell viability remained constant until day 7, then decreased.
  
  
  
  The proposed MRS technique results in a survivable environment for longitudinal studies of cells and provides a new way to measure metabolomic changes over time in single specimens of cells. Magn Reson Med 76:1912-1918, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering/u-HARC, Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bok-Man
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering/u-HARC, Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chi-Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering/u-HARC, Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Song-I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hyung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiolgoy, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Doo-Beum
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiolgoy, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Dae
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Magnetic resonance compatible thermostatic device (MRCTD); cell viability; cellular metabolites; magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)