title: In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo anti-hypertensive activity of Chrysophyllum cainito L. extract.
abstract: Chrysophyllum cainito L., a traditional herbal medicine, could have the potential for management of hypertension due to presence of polyphenolic compounds. The extracts and fractions of the pulp of plant were evaluated for in vitro (inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme/ACE assay), ex vivo (isolated aorta relaxation assay) and in vivo (salt induced hypertensive rat assay). The alcoholic and aqueous extract (ALE and AQE respectively) of fruit of plant C. cainito was having 14.8 and 9.2% yield respectively. The fractionation with ethyl alcohol (EAF) and butanol (BTF) yielded 2.52 & 2.17% respectively from ALE and 0.46 & 0.31% respectively from AQE with respect to fruit pulp dry weight. More phenolic content was found in ALE (3.75±0.15 mg gallic acid equivalent or GAE g(-1) of dry power of fruit pulp) compared to AQE and maximum in ethyl acetate fraction of ALE (ALE-EAF) (2.32±0.21 mg GAE g(-1) of dry power of fruit pulp) among all fractions. ACE inhibition activity was found to be maximum in ALE-EAF 62.5±7.34%. While ex vivo study using isolated tissue of aorta showed again showed maximum activity (62.82±6.19 and 46.47±8.32% relaxation with 50 µg mL(-1) and 10 µg mL(-1) GAE concentration respectively). ALE-EAF reduced the elevated arterial pressure of salt induced hypertensive rat significantly to the level of normotensive animal group. Results of ALE-EAF have shown its potential as a source for novel constituent for the treatment hypertension and should further be studied for isolation of specific constituent for more effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, Shandong Province, China; Department of Health, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityLiaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Taishan Medical University Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Taishan Medical University Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Heng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Taishan Medical University Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Taishan Medical University Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Li
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bu
keywords: ACE inhibition; aorta ring assay; chrysophyllum cainito; extracts; fraction hypertension; salt induced hypertensive rat model