title: The significant impact of framing coils on long-term outcomes in endovascular coiling for intracranial aneurysms: how to select an appropriate framing coil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE The importance of a framing coil (FC)-the first coil inserted into an aneurysm during endovascular coiling, also called a lead coil or a first coil-is recognized, but its impact on long-term outcomes, including recanalization and retreatment, is not well established. The purposes of this study were to test the hypothesis that the FC is a significant factor for aneurysmal recurrence and to provide some insights on appropriate FC selection. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed endovascular coiling for 280 unruptured intracranial aneurysms and gathered data on age, sex, aneurysm location, aneurysm morphology, maximal size, neck width, adjunctive techniques, recanalization, retreatment, follow-up periods, total volume packing density (VPD), volume packing density of the FC, and framing coil percentage (FCP; the percentage of FC volume in total coil volume) to clarify the associated factors for aneurysmal recurrence. RESULTS Of 236 aneurysms included in this study, 33 (14.0%) had recanalization, and 18 (7.6%) needed retreatment during a mean follow-up period of 37.7 ± 16.1 months. In multivariate analysis, aneurysm size (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, p < 0.001), FCP < 32% (OR 3.54, p = 0.009), and VPD < 25% (OR 2.96, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with recanalization, while aneurysm size (OR 1.25, p < 0.001) and FCP < 32% (OR 6.91, p = 0.017) were significant predictors of retreatment. VPD as a continuous value or VPD with any cutoff value could not predict retreatment with statistical significance in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS FCP, which is equal to the FC volume as a percentage of the total coil volume and is unaffected by the morphology of the aneurysm or the measurement error in aneurysm length, width, or height, is a novel predictor of recanalization and retreatment and is more significantly predictive of retreatment than VPD. To select FCs large enough to meet the condition of FCP ≥ 32% is a potential relevant factor for better long-term outcomes. These findings support our hypothesis that the FC is a significant factor for aneurysmal recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-endovascular Therapy, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; and.|Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-endovascular Therapy, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-endovascular Therapy, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-endovascular Therapy, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumaru
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: AUC = area under the curve; CI = confidence interval; FC = framing coil; FCP = FC percentage; FVPD = VPD of FC; ICA = internal carotid artery; MRA = MR angiogram; OR = odds ratio; PCoA = posterior communicating artery; VPD = volume packing density; endovascular coiling; first coil; framing coil; intracranial aneurysm; recanalization; vascular disorders; volume packing density