title: Altered mechanical interaction between rat plantar flexors due to changes in intermuscular connectivity.
abstract: Connective tissue formation following muscle injury and remedial surgery may involve changes in the stiffness and configuration of the connective tissues linking adjacent muscles. We investigated changes in mechanical interaction of muscles by implanting either a tissue-integrating mesh (n = 8) or an adhesion barrier (n = 8) to respectively increase or decrease the intermuscular connectivity between soleus muscle (SO) and the lateral gastrocnemius and plantaris complex (LG+PL) of the rat. As a measure of mechanical interaction, changes in SO tendon forces and proximal-distal LG+PL force differences in response to lengthening LG+PL proximally were assessed 1 and 2 weeks post-surgery. The extent of mechanical interaction was doubled 1 week post-implantation of the tissue-integrating mesh compared to an unaffected compartment (n = 8), and was more than four times higher 2 weeks post-surgery. This was found only for maximally activated muscles, but not when passive. Implanting the adhesion barrier did not result in a reduction of the mechanical interaction between these muscles. Our findings indicate that the ratio of force transmitted via myofascial, rather than myotendinous pathways, can increase substantially when the connectivity between muscles is enhanced. This improves our understanding of the consequences of connective tissue formation at the muscle boundary on skeletal muscle function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-7311
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernabei
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Dieën
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005205:Fascia / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013979:Tibial Nerve
keywords: Muscle injury; gastrocnemius; myofascial force transmission; scar tissue; soleus; stiffness; synergists