title: Contrasting roles of donor and recipient TGFB1 and IFNG gene polymorphic variants in chronic kidney transplant rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term impact (minimum of 3 years follow-up) of polymorphisms in cytokine genes in donor:recipient pairs on the results of the transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared genetic cytokine polymorphisms and the primary factors of risk for the development of chronic rejection in paired groups of renal transplant patients with and without chronic allograft nephropathy [CAN].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of the high-production TT genotype (codon 10) of the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) was protective in receptors (p=0.017), contrasting with the increased risk when present in donor samples (p=0.049). On the other hand, in the case of the gamma interferon studied, the greater frequency of the high production allele was protective in the analysis of the donor group (p=0.013), increasing the risk of chronic nephropathy of the allograft when present in the recipients (p=0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results highlight the importance of TGFB1 genotyping in donors, and indicate that polymorphisms in the gene of this cytokine in donor cells might contribute to the development of chronic allograft nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Verônica Porto Carreiro de Vasconcellos
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ioschpe
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spadafora-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Transplante Renal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: João Americo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, BR.
authors.forename: Maria Regina Alves
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Selma Aliotti
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalil
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, BR.
authors.forename: Anna Carla
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Goldberg