title: A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Harm in Juvenile Detention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suicide is the number one cause of death among incarcerated youth. We examined the demographic and forensic risk factors for self-harm in youth in juvenile detention using a Canadian provincial correctional database.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from de-identified youth aged 12 to 18 at the time of their offense who were in custody in a Manitoba youth correctional facility between January 1, 2005 and December 30, 2010 (N = 5,102). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the association between staff-identified self-harm events in custody and demographic and custodial variables. Time to the event was examined based on the admission date and date of event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic variables associated with self-harm included female sex, lower educational achievement, older age, and child welfare involvement. Custodial variables associated with self-harm included higher criminal severity profiles, younger age at first incarceration, longer sentence length, disruptive institutional behavior, and a history of attempting escape. Youth identified at entry as being at risk for suicide were more likely to self-harm. Events tended to occur earlier in the custodial admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-harm events tended to occur within the first 3 months of an admission stay. Youth with more serious offenses and disruptive behaviors were more likely to self-harm. Individuals with problematic custodial profiles were more likely to self-harm. Suicide screening identified youth at risk for self-harm. Strategies to identify and help youth at risk are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Hygiea
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Casiano
authors.affiliation: Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Shay-Lee
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hildahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurence Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sareen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D057237:Criminals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011330:Prisons; D012307:Risk Factors; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012923:Social Class; D013405:Suicide; D013997:Time Factors