title: Establishment and analysis of in vitro biomass from Salvia corrugata Vahl. and evaluation of antimicrobial activity.
abstract: Demethylfruticuline A and fruticuline A, the most abundant compounds from the surface extract of Salvia corrugata Vahl., have shown antibacterial, antitumor and cytotoxic activities. In order to obtain these icetexane diterpenes from in vitro cultures of S. corrugata, protocols were developed for callus production, micropropagation and shoot regeneration. Analysis of the regenerated shoots showed the presence of both icetexanes, micropropagated plants contained only fruticuline A, while the callus contained trace amounts of both diterpenes. The yield of fruticuline A was higher in the methanolic extract of regenerated shoots than in those of fresh leaves and fresh shoot tips. In addition to these diterpenes, the regenerated shoot and micropropagated plant extracts afforded seven other diterpenes, one icetexane and six abietanes, identified by UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-MS analysis. Five compounds (19-acetoxy-7α-hydroxyroyleanone, 7β,20-epoxy-11,12,19-trihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene, 7,20-dihydrofruticuline A, 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone, 7β-ethoxy-6β,20:19,20-diepoxyroyleanone) were previously undescribed. Although the crude plant surface extract did not possess any antibacterial activity, methanolic extracts of in vitro tissues and two compounds, namely 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone and 7β-ethoxy-6β,20:19,20-diepoxyroyleanone, isolated in suitable amounts, were active in varying degrees against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, displaying MIC values ranging from 32, 64 to 128μg/mL.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy. Electronic address: bisio@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Bramante 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fraternale
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schito
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parricchi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Piaz
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Bramante 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
authors.forename: Donata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Sezione Politecnica, Università di Genova, Via all'Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - CRA-FSO Ornamental Plant Research Unit, Sanremo (IM), Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruffoni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunziatina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Tommasi
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018533:Biomass; D004224:Diterpenes; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; C539555:demethylfruticuline A; C539554:fruticuline A
keywords: Abietane; Antimicrobial activity; Diterpenes; Icetexane; In vitro culture; Lamiaceae; Salvia corrugata