title: Pharmacokinetics of guaifenesin following administration of multiple doses to exercised Thoroughbred horses.
abstract: Guaifenesin is an expectorant commonly used in performance horses to aid in the clearance of mucus from the airways. Guaifenesin is also a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and as such is a prohibited drug with withdrawal necessary prior to competition. To the authors' knowledge, there are no reports in the literature describing single or multiple oral administrations of guaifenesin in the horse to determine a regulatory threshold and related withdrawal time. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of guaifenesin following oral administration in order to provide data upon which appropriate regulatory recommendations can be established. Nine exercised Thoroughbred horses were administered 2 g of guaifenesin orally BID for a total of five doses. Blood samples were collected immediately prior to drug administration and at various times postadministration. Serum guaifenesin concentrations were determined and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated. Guaifenesin was rapidly absorbed (Tmax of 15 min) following oral administration. The Cmax was 681.3 ± 323.8 ng/mL and 1080 ± 732.8 following the first and last dose, respectively. The serum elimination half-life was 2.62 ± 1.24 h. Average serum guaifenesin concentrations remained above the LOQ of the assay (0.5 ng/mL) by 48 h postadministration of the final dose in 3 of 9 horses.
authors.affiliation: K.L. Maddy Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.|Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Knych
authors.affiliation: K.L. Maddy Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.|Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: Racing Medication and Testing Consortium, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Arthur
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D005100:Expectorants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006140:Guaifenesin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal
chemical_list: D005100:Expectorants; D006140:Guaifenesin