title: The Relationship between HLA-G Gene Polymorphisms and Repeated Implantation Failure in Infertile Couples Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technique.
abstract: HLA-G is a tolerogenic molecule that expresses in cytotrophoblast cells and plays an important role in immune response suppression in maternal decidua. Interactions between the extracellular domains of the HLA-G protein with cell receptors of the immune system are well-known.This study investigated the association between HLA-G  gene  polymorphism  with repeated implantation failure (RIF). We used PCR followed by the sequencing technique for exons 2, 3, and 4, as well as intron 2 of the HLA-G gene in 100 couples with histories of two or more failed assisted reproductive technique (ART) attempts. The data were compared with the results of our previous study.The results indicated that some alleles of the HLA-G gene such as: 0106, 010106, 01010106 and 0105N (null) alleles were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p<0.05). There were higher SNPs at the +482 T/C and +506 -/C positions in failed ART couples compared to controls (p=0.03; p=0.01, respectively).HLA-G gene polymorphisms do not clearly affect the risk for implantation failure in most couples who undergo ART. However allelic variations, particularly in exons 3 and 4, and intron 2 of the HLA-G gene can lead to ART failure in human embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kuroshli
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gourabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazrgar
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: MohammadHossein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanati
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamani Esteki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007246:Infertility / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D059951:HLA-G Antigens
keywords: ART; HLA-G polymorphism; Implantation; RIF