title: Development of resazurin-based assay in 384-well format for high throughput whole cell screening of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense strain STIB 900 for the identification of potential anti-trypanosomal agents.
abstract: To accelerate the discovery of novel leads for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), it is necessary to have a simple, robust and cost-effective assay to identify positive hits by high throughput whole cell screening. Most of the fluorescence assay was made in black plate however in this study the HTS assay developed in 384-well format using clear plate and black plate, for comparison. The HTS assay developed is simple, sensitive, reliable and reproducible in both types of plates. Assay robustness and reproducibility were determined under the optimized conditions in 384-well plate was well tolerated in the HTS assay, including percentage of coefficient of variation (% CV) of 4.68% and 4.74% in clear and black 384-well plate, signal-to-background ratio (S/B) of 12.75 in clear 384-well plate and 12.07 in black 384-well plate, Z' factor of 0.79 and 0.82 in clear 384-well plate and black 384-well plate, respectively and final concentration of 0.30% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in both types of plate. Drug sensitivity was found to be comparable to the reported anti-trypanosomal assay in 96-well format. The reproducibility and sensitivity of this assay make it compliant to automated liquid handler use in HTS applications.
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Insitutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kah Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Insitutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zuriati
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zahari
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Insitutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azimah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amanah
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Insitutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zafarina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zainuddin
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Insitutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia; Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AURINS), Aras 9, FF3, UiTM Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: ilhamipharm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohd Ilham
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Adenan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000191:economics; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008549:Melarsoprol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010078:Oxazines; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016833:Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense / Q000187:drug effects*; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010078:Oxazines; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D014966:Xanthenes; C005843:resazurin; D010419:Pentamidine; D008549:Melarsoprol
keywords: 384-Well plate format; High throughput screening; Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT); Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense