title: Effect of yeast-derived products and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, gut morphology, and gene expression of pattern recognition receptors and cytokines in broiler chickens.
abstract: An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of yeast-derived products and distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and innate immune response in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 d of age. Nine replicates of 5 birds each were assigned to dietary treatments consisting of a control diet without antibiotic (C), and diets containing 11 mg/kg of virginiamycin, 0.25% of yeast cell wall (YCW), 0.2% of a commercial product Maxi-Gen Plus, 0.025% of nucleotides, 0.05% of nucleotides, or a diet containing 10% of DDGS. On d 21, 5 birds per treatment were euthanized and approximately 5-cm long duodenum, jejunum, and ileum segments were collected for intestinal morphology measurements. Cecal tonsils and spleen were collected to measure the gene expression of toll-like receptors TLR2b, TLR4, and TLR21, macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), and cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-4. No significant difference was observed for growth performance parameters. However, diets containing 0.05% of nucleotides and YCW significantly increased (P < 0.05) villus height in the jejunum. Furthermore, the number of the goblet cells per unit area in the ileum was increased (P < 0.05) in diets supplemented with yeast-derived products. The expression of TLR2b in the spleen was down-regulated for diets supplemented with nucleotides and antibiotic. In addition, lower expression of TLR21 and MMR was observed in the spleen of birds receiving yeast-derived products and antibiotic. However, expression of TLR4 in the spleen was up-regulated in diets supplemented with YCW and nucleotides. The expression of IFN-γ and IL-12 was down-regulated in the spleen of birds fed diets supplemented with yeast-derived products. In addition, inclusion of YCW, Maxi-Gen Plus, or 0.05% of nucleotides down-regulated the expression of IL-10 and IL-4 in the cecal tonsils. In conclusion, down-regulation of receptors and cytokines in spleen and cecal tonsils of birds fed diets supplemented with yeast-derived products may suggest that yeast products do not exert immune stimulating effect under normal health conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PE, Canada C1A 4P3.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Lecompte
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogiewicz
authors.affiliation: Canadian Bio-Systems Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2C 0J7.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 bogdan.slominski@umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Slominski
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015002:Yeast, Dried / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
keywords: Yeast-derived product; broiler; cytokine; gut histomorphology; pattern recognition receptor