title: The independent prospective associations of activity intensity and dietary energy density with adiposity in young adolescents.
abstract: There is limited evidence on the prospective association of time spent in activity intensity (sedentary (SED), moderate (MPA) or vigorous (VPA) physical activity) and dietary intake with adiposity indicators in young people. This study aimed to assess associations between (1) baseline objectively measured activity intensity, dietary energy density (DED) and 4-year change in adiposity and (2) 4-year change in activity intensity/DED and adiposity at follow-up. We conducted cohort analyses including 367 participants (10 years at baseline, 14 years at follow-up) with valid data for objectively measured activity (Actigraph), DED (4-d food diary), anthropometry (waist circumference (WC), %body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), weight status) and covariates. Linear and logistic regression models were fit, including adjustment for DED and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results showed that baseline DED was associated with change in WC (β for 1kJ/g difference: 0·71; 95% CI 0·26, 1·17), particularly in boys (1·26; 95% CI 0·41, 2·16 v. girls: 0·26; 95% CI -0·34, 0·87), but not with %BF, FMI or weight status. In contrast, baseline SED, MPA or VPA were not associated with any of the outcomes. Change in DED was negatively associated with FMI (β for 1kJ/g increase: -0·86; 95% CI -1·59, -0·12) and %BF (-0·86; 95% CI -1·25, -0·11) but not WC (-0·27; 95% CI -1·02, 0·48). Change in SED, MPA and VPA did not predict adiposity at follow-up. In conclusion, activity intensity was not prospectively associated with adiposity, whereas the directions of associations with DED were inconsistent. To inform public health efforts, future studies should continue to analyse longitudinal data to further understand the independent role of different energy-balance behaviours in changes in adiposity in early adolescence.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Clinical Medicine,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & UK Clinical Research Collaboration (CRC) Centre for Diet and Activity Research,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB2 0QQ,UK.
authors.forename: Esther M F
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Sluijs
authors.affiliation: 1School of Clinical Medicine,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & UK Clinical Research Collaboration (CRC) Centre for Diet and Activity Research,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB2 0QQ,UK.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.affiliation: 2Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research,Cambridge CB1 9NL,UK.
authors.forename: Gina L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Nutrition,Norwich Medical School,University of East Anglia,Norwich NR4 7UQ,UK.
authors.forename: Aedin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.affiliation: 1School of Clinical Medicine,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & UK Clinical Research Collaboration (CRC) Centre for Diet and Activity Research,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB2 0QQ,UK.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: 1School of Clinical Medicine,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & UK Clinical Research Collaboration (CRC) Centre for Diet and Activity Research,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB2 0QQ,UK.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055105:Waist Circumference
keywords: Adiposity; Children and adolescents; DED dietary energy density; Dietary energy density; EI energy intake; Epidemiology; FMI fat mass index; MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; Physical activity; Prospective cohort studies; SED sedentary physical activity; Sedentary behaviours; VPA vigorous physical activity; WC waist circumference