title: Pharmacogenomics to Revive Drug Development in Cardiovascular Disease.
abstract: Investment in cardiovascular drug development is on the decline as large cardiovascular outcomes trials require considerable investments in time, efforts and financial resources. Pharmacogenomics has the potential to help revive the cardiovascular drug development pipeline by providing new and better drug targets at an earlier stage and by enabling more efficient outcomes trials. This article will review some of the recent developments highlighting the value of pharmacogenomics for drug development. We discuss how genetic biomarkers can enable the conduct of more efficient clinical outcomes trials by enriching patient populations for good responders to the medication. In addition, we assess past drug development programs which support the added value of selecting drug targets that have established genetic evidence supporting the targeted mechanism of disease. Finally, we discuss how pharmacogenomics can provide valuable evidence linking a drug target to clinically relevant outcomes, enabling novel drug discovery and drug repositioning opportunities.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada. marie-pierre.dube@umontreal.ca.|Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Canada. marie-pierre.dube@umontreal.ca.|Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. marie-pierre.dube@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8442-4393
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.|Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Canada.|Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Denus
authors.affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada. jean-claude.tardif@icm-mhi.org.|Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Canada. jean-claude.tardif@icm-mhi.org.|Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. jean-claude.tardif@icm-mhi.org.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tardif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Cardiovascular; Drug discovery; Mendelian randomization; Personalized medicine; Pharmacogenomics