title: Investigating cerebral oedema using poroelasticity.
abstract: Cerebral oedema can be classified as the tangible swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume. Hydrocephalus can be succinctly described as the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain which ultimately leads to oedema within specific sites of parenchymal tissue. Using hydrocephalus as a test bed, one is able to account for the necessary mechanisms involved in the interaction between oedema formation and cerebral fluid production, transport and drainage. The current state of knowledge about integrative cerebral dynamics and transport phenomena indicates that poroelastic theory may provide a suitable framework to better understand various diseases. In this work, Multiple-Network Poroelastic Theory (MPET) is used to develop a novel spatio-temporal model of fluid regulation and tissue displacement within the various scales of the cerebral environment. The model is applied through two formats, a one-dimensional finite difference - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupling framework, as well as a two-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) formulation. These are used to investigate the role of endoscopic fourth ventriculostomy in alleviating oedema formation due to fourth ventricle outlet obstruction (1D coupled model) in addition to observing the capability of the FEM template in capturing important characteristics allied to oedema formation, like for instance in the periventricular region (2D model).
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vardakis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: First Light Fusion Ltd., Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire OX5 1PF, UK.
authors.forename: Brett J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tully
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsong H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hsiang
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK. Electronic address: y.ventikos@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Yiannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ventikos
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D016062:Porosity; D014696:Ventriculostomy
keywords: Aquaporins; Cerebral oedema; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Endoscopic ventriculostomy; Finite Element Method; Fourth Ventricular Outlet Obstruction; Gliosis; Hydrocephalus; Intracranial Pressure; Multiple-Network Poroelastic Theory; Periventricular lucency