title: Polymorphisms of the immune-modulating receptor dectin-1 in pigs: their functional influence and distribution in pig populations.
abstract: Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor that recognizes fungal β-glucans, is involved in antifungal immunity and the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis. Dectin-1 is involved in both synthesis and maturation of interleukin-1β, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in immunity. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity in the gene encoding dectin-1 (CLEC7A) within various pig populations and examined the influence of these polymorphisms on the two different signaling pathways after ligand recognition. An amino-acid polymorphism located in the carbohydrate-recognition domain, leucine to serine at position 138 (L138S), which occurred exclusively in Japanese wild boars at low frequency, significantly increased NF-κB induction but not caspase-8 activity after stimulation with zymosan. In contrast, other amino-acid polymorphisms present at comparatively high frequency in commercial pig populations had little influence on ligand recognition. These results suggest that functionally neutral polymorphisms in dectin-1 are widespread in pig populations.
authors.affiliation: Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinkai
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Division, Institute of Japan Association for Techno-Innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 446-1 Ippaizuka, Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toki
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Division, Institute of Japan Association for Techno-Innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 446-1 Ippaizuka, Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenouchi
authors.affiliation: Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitani
authors.affiliation: Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan. huenishi@affrc.go.jp.|Animal Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan. huenishi@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uenishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000276:immunology; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D047071:beta-Glucans; D000099181:Dectin-1
keywords: Caspase-8; Dectin-1; NF-κB; Pig; Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)