title: Cultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To culturally adapt and test the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In Brazil, there is currently a lack of validated instruments that assess the spiritual dimension, which includes the spiritual distress phenomenon that can be experienced at different moments in a person's life. This can include times when a person is affected by a disease such as cancer, which occurs suddenly and causes significant life changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methodological and cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultural adaptation of the Spiritual Distress Scale was performed using translation and back-translation stages, evaluation of cultural equivalence, committee review and pretesting. An interview using the Brazilian version of the scale was conducted with 170 patients in a cancer treatment unit of a charitable general hospital (not state funded). The following psychometric properties were evaluated: construct validity (divergence and factor analysis) and internal consistency/reliability (Cronbach's α and Kappa).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability analysis in the intra- and inter-rater phase showed that more than half of the items had Kappa values > 0·75. A correlation between the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the Spiritual Distress Scale was found. Overall, the Spiritual Distress Scale showed a Cronbach's α of 0·87, with three of its four domains showing significant parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale proved to be a reliable, valid and efficient instrument that is capable of assessing spiritual distress. The Brazilian Spiritual Distress Scale presented reliability and validity parameters that correspond to the original English version of the scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The existence of an internationally validated instrument that assesses spiritual distress will assist healthcare professionals and researchers in recognising this phenomenon in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing - EERP-USP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Prado
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Simão
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika de Cássia
authors.initials: Ede C
authors.lastname: Lopes Chaves
authors.affiliation: Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing - EERP-USP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emília
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campos de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denismar Alves
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Csizmar
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Fooyin University, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ya-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Hollanda
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Iunes
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: cancer; nursing; spirituality