title: Anger Assessment in Clinical and Nonclinical Populations: Further Validation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The most commonly used instrument for measuring anger is the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2; Spielberger, 1999). This study further examines the validity of the STAXI-2 and compares anger scores between several clinical and nonclinical samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliability, concurrent, and construct validity were investigated in Dutch undergraduate students (N = 764), a general population sample (N = 1211), and psychiatric outpatients (N = 226).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results support the reliability and validity of the STAXI-2. Concurrent validity was strong, with meaningful correlations between the STAXI-2 scales and anger-related constructs in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Importantly, patients showed higher experience and expression of anger than the general population sample. Additionally, forensic outpatients with addiction problems reported higher Anger Expression-Out than general psychiatric outpatients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our conclusion is that the STAXI-2 is a suitable instrument to measure both the experience and the expression of anger in both general and clinical populations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Marien
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lievaart
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Ingmar H A
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam.|Antes Mental Health Care, Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Johannes E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hovens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D019260:Expressed Emotion / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anger Control; Anger Expression; Psychometric properties; STAXI-2; State Anger; Trait Anger; Validation; Validity