title: Phylogenetic overview of the genus Genea (Pezizales, Ascomycota) with an emphasis on European taxa.
abstract: We constructed a comprehensive phylogeny of the genus Genea, with new molecular data from samples collected in several countries in temperate and Mediterranean Europe, as well as North America. Type specimens and authentic material of most species were examined to support identifications. The molecular identity of the most common species in Genea was compared with nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), D1-D2 domains of 28S nuc rDNA (28S rDNA) and translation elongation factor 1-α ene (TEF1) profiles of 10 recently proposed taxa, G. brunneocarpa, G. compressa, G. dentata, G. fageticola, G. lobulata, G. oxygala, G. pinicola, G. pseudobalsleyi, G. pseudoverrucosa and G. tuberculata, supporting their status as distinct species. Genea mexicana and G. thaxteri on the one hand and G. sphaerica and G. lespiaultii on the other are closely related. Multiple lineages were recorded for G. verrucosa and G. fragrans, but we found no morphological traits to discriminate among them, so we tentatively interpreted them as cryptic species. A key to species of the genus Genea is provided to facilitate identification. We provide macroscopic images of fresh specimens and of representative spores of most species. Finally, we conducted a molecular analysis of the divergence time for Genea and discuss the implications of our results.
authors.affiliation: ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, E-39012 Santander, Spain pablo.alvarado@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.affiliation: C/Barrio del Carmen 6, E-49800 Toro, Zamora, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botanica), Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Biología, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bratek
authors.affiliation: 36 rue de la Garde, F-69005 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Vooren
authors.affiliation: Sokratous 40, Artemis Attika, TK-19016, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaounas
authors.affiliation: Ag. Kosma 25, 51100 Grevena, Greece.
authors.forename: Giorgos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
authors.affiliation: Via Antonio Gramsci 11 - I-72023 Mesagne, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agnello
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Merényi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vizzini
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trappe
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D003710:Demography; D005060:Europe; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000145:classification / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: Mediterranean; Pyronemataceae; hypogeous; phylogeny; taxonomy; truffle fungi