title: FEASIBILITY FOR ULTRASOUND-GUIDED INJECTION OF THE COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS OF THE DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT IN HORSES.
abstract: Desmitis of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint is a cause of lameness in performance horses. The objective of this prospective, experimental, ex vivo feasibility study was to evaluate the success of ultrasound-guided injection of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in the equine forelimb. Seventy-six ultrasound-guided dye injections of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint were performed on horses' cadaver limbs. The hooves were sectioned transversely to verify the location of the dye relative to the collateral ligaments and surrounding structures. Evaluations of transverse sections were performed independently by two experienced observers. A scoring system was used to assess injection of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint at the proximal, middle, and distal aspect over the length of the ligament. The collateral ligament was injected at any point in 97.4% of cases. The ligament was injected over the entire scored length in 43.2% of cases (32/74), over two scored length areas in 45.9% of cases (34/74), and in one area in 10.8% of cases (8/74). The distal interphalangeal joint and the common digital extensor tendon were also injected in 81.6% (62/76) and 43.4% (33/76) of the cases, respectively. Use of the ultrasound had a positive and negative predictive value of 98% and 9%, respectively. In this study, ultrasound guidance was useful for confirming injection of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint but did not prevent injecting the distal interphalangeal joint and the common digital extensor tendon.
authors.affiliation: Moore Equine Veterinary Centre, 260048A Writing Creek Cres, Rocky View County, AB, T4A 0M9, Canada.
authors.forename: Danyse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Moore Equine Veterinary Centre, 260048A Writing Creek Cres, Rocky View County, AB, T4A 0M9, Canada.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Carrie D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Léguillette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006736:Horses; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014033:Toe Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents
keywords: collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint; horse; ultrasound-guided injection