title: Vascular Imaging Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Why and How?
abstract: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an alternative to surgical intervention for symptomatic or severe aortic valve stenosis in patients with high surgical risk. Successful TAVR requires a multimodality imaging approach for appropriate patient selection and prosthesis sizing. Here, we describe individual imaging modalities and report their respective roles in this emerging field. To date, echocardiography remains the traditional test for determining patient candidacy and prosthesis selection, but computed tomography (CT) has been taking on an increasingly important role in the evaluation of both the aortic root anatomy and aortoiliofemoral vessels as a single examination. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is useful in grading the severity of aortic stenosis and should be considered a reasonable alternative to CT for the evaluation of the aortic annulus, e.g., when the administration of contrast media is contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. damiano.caruso@uniroma1.it.|Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome "Sapienza", 34 Via F. Faggiana 34, Latina, Italy. damiano.caruso@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. rosenbru@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Russell D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. dececco@musc.edu.|Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome "Sapienza", 34 Via F. Faggiana 34, Latina, Italy. dececco@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Carlo N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: De Cecco
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. mangold@musc.edu.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. mangold@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangold
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. wichmann@musc.edu.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. wichmann@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Julian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. vargaasz@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Akos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varga-Szemes
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. steinbe@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome "Sapienza", 34 Via F. Faggiana 34, Latina, Italy. andrea.laghi@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laghi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. schoepf@musc.edu.|Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, MSC 226, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. schoepf@musc.edu.|Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, 25 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425-2260, USA. schoepf@musc.edu.
authors.forename: U Joseph
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Schoepf
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003287:Contrast Media; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Aortic stenosis; Cardiac magnetic resonance; Computed tomography; Echocardiography; Transcatheter aortic valve implantation; Transcatheter aortic valve replacement