title: Phytotoxic Effects and Phytochemical Fingerprinting of Hydrodistilled Oil, Enriched Fractions, and Isolated Compounds Obtained from Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm. Bark.
abstract: The hydrodistilled oil of Cryptocarya massoy bark was characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses, allowing the identification of unusual C10 massoia lactone (3, 56.2%), C12 massoia lactone (4, 16.5%), benzyl benzoate (1, 12.7%), C8 massoia lactone (3.4%), δ-decalactone (5, 1.5%), and benzyl salicylate (2, 1.8%) as main constituents. The phytotoxic activities of the oil, three enriched fractions (lactone-rich, ester-rich, and sesquiterpene-rich), and four constituents (compounds 1, 2, 5, and δ-dodecalactone (6)) against Lycopersicon esculentum and Cucumis sativus seeds and seedlings were screened. At a concentration of 1000 μl/l, the essential oil and the massoia lactone-rich fraction caused a complete inhibition of the germination of both seeds, and, when applied on tomato plantlets, they induced an 85 and 100% dieback, respectively. These performances exceeded those of the well-known phytotoxic essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus, already used in commercial products for the weed and pest management. The same substances were also evaluated against four phytopathogenic bacteria and ten phytopathogenic fungi, providing EC50 values against the most susceptible strains in the 100-500 μl/l range for the essential oil and in the 10-50 μl/l range for compound 6 and the lactone-rich fraction. The phytotoxic behavior was related mainly to massoia lactones and benzyl esters, while a greater amount of 6 may infer a good activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. Further investigations of these secondary metabolites are warranted, to evaluate their use as natural herbicides.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 11/a, IT-43134 Parma.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rolli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, LS9 Interlab Group, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 95/a, IT-43134 Parma (phone: +39-0521-906004; fax: +39-0521-905403).
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marieschi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, SVeB, Università di Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, IT-44121 Ferrara.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maietti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, SVeB, Università di Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, IT-44121 Ferrara.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, SVeB, Università di Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, IT-44121 Ferrara.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grandini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, SVeB, Università di Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, IT-44121 Ferrara.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sacchetti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, LS9 Interlab Group, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 95/a, IT-43134 Parma (phone: +39-0521-906004; fax: +39-0521-905403). renato.bruni@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruni
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D031369:Cryptocarya / Q000737:chemistry*; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Cryptocarya massoy; Essential oil; Massoia lactones; Phytotoxicity; Pyrones