title: The addition of charcoals to broiler diets did not alter the recovery of Salmonella Typhimurium during grow-out.
abstract: Two experiments evaluated prebiotics added to feed on the recovery of Salmonella in broilers during grow-out and processing. In Experiment 1, "seeder" chicks were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium and placed with penmates. Treatments were: basal control diet, added 0.3% bamboo charcoal, 0.6% bamboo charcoal, or 0.12% Aromabiotic (medium chain fatty acids). The ceca from seeders and penmates were sampled to confirm Salmonella colonization at 3, 4, and 6 wk, and pen litter was sampled weekly. At 3 wk, charcoal fed chicks had significantly lower cecal recovery (37% lower) of Salmonella via direct plating but no differences at wk 4 or 6. At 6 wk, broilers fed Aromabiotic had no recovery of Salmonella from ceca with direct plating and significantly, 18%, lower recovery with enrichment. In Experiment 2, the treatments were: basal control diet, added 0.3% bamboo charcoal, 0.3% activated bamboo charcoal, or 0.3% pine charcoal. At placement, 2 seeders were challenged with Salmonella and commingled with penmates and ceca sampled at 1 and 2 wk, and ceca from 5 penmates/pen at 3 to 6 wk. Weekly, the pH of the crop and duodenum was measured from 1 penmate/pen and the litter surface sampled. At the end of grow-out broilers were processed. Results showed that penmates had colonized at 1 and 2 wk. Cecal Salmonella showed no differences except at 4 wk, when activated bamboo charcoal had a 18% lower recovery of Salmonella (enrichment) compared to the control (88%). Similar to Experiment 1, the recovery of Salmonella from the litter was not significantly different among treatments, however an overall decrease in recovery by 4 wk with direct plating reoccurred. The pH of the duodenum and the crop were not different among treatments. Crop pH (6.0) for all treatments were significantly higher at wk 1 compared to wk 2 to 6. Charcoals had minimal effect on Salmonella recovery in the ceca, but following defeathering, broilers fed charcoals had significantly lower Salmonella recovery from breast skin (charcoals 5+/60 compared to control 8+/20). While the addition of charcoals to broilers feed did not significantly affect Salmonella recovery during production (from litter or ceca samples) there was a lower Salmonella recovery from breast skin following scalding and defeathering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602 Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, 30605-2702.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, 30605-2702.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bourassa
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, 30605-2702 jeff.buhr@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buhr
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D003426:Crop, Avian / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D056692:Prebiotics; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D056692:Prebiotics; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Salmonella; broilers; ceca; charcoal; feed