title: Minimizing the magnetic field effect in MR-linac specific QA-tests: the use of electron dense materials.
abstract: To address the quality assurance (QA) of a MR-linac which is an MRI combined with a linear accelerator (linac), the traditional linac QA-tests need to be redesigned, since the presence of the static magnetic field in the MR-linac alters the electron trajectory. The latter causes the asymmetry in the dose kernel which is introduced by the magnetic field and hinders accurate geometrical QA-tests for the MR-linac. We introduced the use of electron dense materials (e.g. copper) to reduce the size of the dose kernel and thereby the magnetic field effect on the dose deposition. Two examples of QA-tests are presented in which the geometrical accuracy of the MR-linac was addressed; beam profile and star-shot measurements. The introduced setup was compared with a reference setup and both were tested on a conventional and the MR-linac. The results showed that the symmetry of the recorded beam profile was restored in presence of the copper material and that the isocenter size of the MR-linac can be determined accurately with the introduced star-shot setup. The use of electron dense materials is not limited to the presented QA-tests but has a broad application for beam-specific QA-tests in presence of a magnetic field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van Zijp
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Asselen
authors.forename: J W H
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wolthaus
authors.forename: J M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: J H W
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishakoglu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beld
authors.forename: J J W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lagendijk
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Raaymakers
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004583:Electrons; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010315:Particle Accelerators / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper