title: [Direct to consumer genetic testing: is it the moment?].
abstract: Since the development of new human genome sequencing technologies at the beginning of the 2000, commercial companies have developped direct to consumer genomic services, which means without medical prescription. From 2007 to 2013, many companies have offered services assesing associated risk with human public health in the world especially in the United States. This kind of company is forbidden in France. From 2009 to 2013, in United States, under the pressure of national or state health administrations, these companies have been progressively forbidden. However, in certain parts of the world, companies are still offering such services. The latter raise many different questions such as ethical, juridical, medical, scientific, educative, professional one. Many studies and debates have demonstrated their limit and the lack of usefulness and advantage in the field of human health for the time being. The commercialization of this type of services has arrived all too soon et is not yet ripe. In our time of globalization, with the lack of international rules controlling direct access to genetic services in the field of human health, there is an urgent need to regulate. International administrations and politicians must act fast. Inevitably, under the pressure of lobbies and citizens, companies (multinational or not) will develop especially as 1) new sequencing technologies evolve rapidly, 2) are cheaper from year to year, 3) scientific and medical knowledges are progressing quickly, 4) services are spreading faster through the web and other networks.
authors.affiliation: Département de génétique moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamoril
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie, Centre hospitalier d'Argenteuil, Argenteuil, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogard
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005602:France; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D015894:Genome, Human; D023281:Genomics / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: direct-to-consumer; genetic test; genomic; risk