title: Preventive and social cost implications of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak on selected organizations in Lagos state, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As Ebola virus disease (EVD) continues to pose public health challenge in West Africa, with attending fears and socio-economic implications in the current epidemic challenges. It is compelling to estimate the social and preventive costs of EVD containment in a Nigerian city. Hence, this study was to determine the social and preventive cost implications of EVD among selected public institutions in Lagos, Nigeria, from July to December, 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires and key-informants interview were administered to respondents and administrators of selected hospitals, hotels and schools in Eti-Osa Local Government Area of Lagos State. Knowledge of disease transmission, mortality and protocols for prevention, including cost of specific preventive measures adopted against EVD were elicited from respondents. Descriptive statistics and categorical analysis were used to summarize and estimate social and preventive costs incurred by respective institutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An estimated five million, nineteen thousand, three hundred and seventy-nine Naira and eighty kobo (N5,019,379.80) only was observed as direct and social cost implication of EVD prevention. This amount translated into a conservative estimate of one billion, twenty-seven million, ninety-four thousand, seven hundred and fifty-six Naira (N1,027,094,756.10) for a total of four thousand schools, two hundred and fifty-three hospitals and one thousand, four hundred and fifty one hotels in Lagos during the period (July 20-November 20, 2014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high cost of prevention of EVD within the short time-frame indicated high importance attached to a preventive policy against highly pathogenic zoonotic disease in Nigeria.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Babasola Oluseyi
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Olugasa
authors.affiliation: Disaster Risk Management Programme, Department of Geography, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oluwafunmilola Yemisi
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Oshinowo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Eugene Amienwanlen
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Odigie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: Ebola virus disease; hospital; hotel; preventive cost; school; social cost