title: Surgery for retrohepatic caval thrombus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombotic involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) occurs in about 10% of all patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is treated with radical resection of tumor and thrombus. We present the results of a recent case series of 20 patients with retrohepatic IVC thrombus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our cohort of 20 patients included 16 primary resections (radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy with and without vascular graft), three recurrences primarily operated on elsewhere (thrombectomy and vascular graft), and one recurrence due to a new liver metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All surviving patients were discharged with a patent IVC. The overall mortality rate was 10%, and the overall complication rate was 35%. Both are in keeping with results presented worldwide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series provides a corroborating extension to the existing dataset on RCC-related IVC thrombus removal. It confirms that the radical surgical approach can be performed safely and successfully with respect to venous patency.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of General, Vascular and Oncologic Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine with English Division and Physiotherapy Division, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Stepinska Str. 19/25, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland. eustacha2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polańska-Płachta
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of General, Vascular and Oncologic Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine with English Division and Physiotherapy Division, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Stepinska Str. 19/25, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland. ramjup@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Proczka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya Str. 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland. lenadudek@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of General, Vascular and Oncologic Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine with English Division and Physiotherapy Division, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Stepinska Str. 19/25, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland. mostrowska_waw@yahoo.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostrowska
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of General, Vascular and Oncologic Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine with English Division and Physiotherapy Division, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Stepinska Str. 19/25, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland. jap.ds@onet.eu.
authors.forename: Jerzy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Polański
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*