title: Amyloid imaging using fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F-MRI).
abstract: The formation of senile plaques followed by the deposition of amyloid-β is the earliest pathological change in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the detection of senile plaques remains the most important early diagnostic indicator of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid imaging is a noninvasive technique for visualizing senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's patients using positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because fluorine-19 ((19)F) displays an intense nuclear magnetic resonance signal and is almost non-existent in the body, targets are detected with a higher signal-to-noise ratio using appropriate fluorinated contrast agents. The recent introduction of high-field MRI allows us to detect amyloid depositions in the brain of living mouse using (19)F-MRI. So far, at least three probes have been reported to detect amyloid deposition in the brain of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease; (E,E)-1-fluoro-2,5-bis-(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene (FSB), 1,7-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonylethyl-1,6-heptadiene3,5-dione (FMeC1, Shiga-Y5) and 6-(3',6',9',15',18',21'-heptaoxa-23',23',23'-trifluorotricosanyloxy)-2-(4'-dimethylaminostyryl)benzoxazole (XP7, Shiga-X22). This review presents the recent advances in amyloid imaging using (19)F-MRI, including our own studies.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan. Electronic address: kinchan@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tooyama
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; Biomedical MR Science Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Northeastern Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 27-39 Mitsuya Motomachi, Nagahama 526-0024, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirao
authors.affiliation: Northeastern Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 27-39 Mitsuya Motomachi, Nagahama 526-0024, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 224-18 Hiraishi Ebisuno, Kawauchi-cho 771-0182, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sogabe
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Faeizah
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Biomedical MR Science Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inubushi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; Biomedical MR Science Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000818:Animals; D005461:Fluorine; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D013343:Styrenes
chemical_list: C496440:(E,E)-1-fluoro-2,5-bis-(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene; D013343:Styrenes; D005461:Fluorine
keywords: (19)F-MRI; Alzheimer’s disease; Amyloid imaging; Curcumin; Senile plaque; Styrylbenzoxazole