title: Ageing Is Associated with Decreases in Appetite and Energy Intake--A Meta-Analysis in Healthy Adults.
abstract: It is not well recognized that in the elderly weight loss is more common than weight gain. The aim of this analysis was to determine the effect of ageing on appetite (hunger/fullness) and energy intake, after overnight fasting and in a postprandial state, by meta-analyses of trials that included at least two age groups (>18 years). We hypothesized that appetite and energy intake would be less in healthy older compared with younger adults. Following a PubMed-database systematic search up to 30 June 2015, 59 studies were included in the random-effects-model meta-analyses. Energy intake was 16%-20% lower in older (n = 3574/~70 years/~71 kg/~25 kg/m²) than younger (n = 4111/~26 years/~69 kg/~23 kg/m²) adults (standardized mean difference: -0.77 (95% confidence interval -0.90 to -0.64)). Hunger was 25% (after overnight fasting; weighted mean difference (WMD): -17 (-22 to -13) mm) to 39% (in a postprandial state; WMD: -14 (-19 to -9) mm) lower, and fullness 37% (after overnight fasting; WMD: 6 mm (95% CI: 1 to 11 mm)) greater in older than younger adults. In conclusion, appetite and energy intake are less in healthy older than younger adults, suggesting that ageing per se affects food intake.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, the University of Adelaide, 5000 Adelaide, Australia. caroline.giezenaar@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giezenaar
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, the University of Adelaide, 5000 Adelaide, Australia. ian.chapman@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, the University of Adelaide, 5000 Adelaide, Australia. natalie.luscombe-marsh@csiro.au.|Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition, 5000 Adelaide, Australia. natalie.luscombe-marsh@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luscombe-Marsh
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, the University of Adelaide, 5000 Adelaide, Australia. christine.feinle@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feinle-Bisset
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, the University of Adelaide, 5000 Adelaide, Australia. michael.horowitz@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, the University of Adelaide, 5000 Adelaide, Australia. stijn.soenen@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012527:Satiation
keywords: ageing; appetite; elderly; energy intake; fullness; hunger