title: Polymicrobial Biofilm Inhibition Effects of Acetate-Buffered Chitosan Sponge Delivery Device.
abstract: Polymicrobial biofilm-associated implant infections present a challenging clinical problem. Through modifications of lyophilized chitosan sponges, degradable drug delivery devices for antibiotic solution have been fabricated for prevention and treatment of contaminated musculoskeletal wounds. Elution of amikacin, vancomycin, or a combination of both follows a burst release pattern with vancomycin released above minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus for 72 h and amikacin released above inhibitory concentrations for Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 3 h. Delivery of a vancomycin, amikacin, or a combination of both reduces biofilm formation on polytetrafluoroethylene catheters in an in vivo model of contamination. Release of dual antibiotics from sponges is more effective at preventing biofilm formation than single-loaded chitosan sponges. Treatment of pre-formed biofilm with high-dose antibiotic release from chitosan sponges shows minimal reduction after 48 h. These results demonstrate infection-preventive efficacy for antibiotic-loaded sponges, as well as the need for modifications in the development of advanced materials to enhance treatment efficacy in removing established biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica Amber
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Beenken
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
authors.forename: James Keaton
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Coleman Building Suite D334, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Harry S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Smeltzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
authors.forename: Warren O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Haggard
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000583:Amikacin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D057785:Catheters / Q000382:microbiology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D014640:Vancomycin; D000583:Amikacin; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: antibiotics; chitosan; drug delivery; infection; lyophilization; polymer brush