title: Source regional contributions to PM2.5 in a megacity in China using an advanced source regional apportionment method.
abstract: To quantify contributions of individual source categories from diverse regions to PM2.5, PM2.5 samples were collected in a megacity in China and analyzed through a newly developed source regional apportionment (SRA) method. Levels, compositions and seasonal variations of speciated PM2.5 dataset were investigated. Sources were determined by Multilinear Engine 2 (ME2) model, and results showed that the PM2.5 in Tianjin was mainly influenced by secondary sulphate & secondary organic carbon SOC (percent contribution of 26.2%), coal combustion (24.6%), crustal dust & cement dust (20.3%), secondary nitrate (14.9%) and traffic emissions (14.0%). The SRA method showed that northwest region R2 was the highest regional contributor to secondary sources, with percent contributions to PM2.5 being 9.7% for secondary sulphate & SOC and 6.0% for secondary nitrates; the highest coal combustion was from local region R1 (6.2%) and northwest R2 (8.0%); the maximum contributing region to crustal & cement dust was southeast region R4 (5.0%); and contributions of traffic emissions were relatively spatial homogeneous. The seasonal variation of regional source contributions was observed: in spring, the crustal and cement dust contributed a higher percentage and the R4 was an important contributor; the secondary process attributed an increase fraction in summer; the mixed coal combustion from southwest R5 enhanced in autumn.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ze
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Huang-Fu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. Electronic address: nksgl@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Air Traffic Operation Planning and Safety Technology, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yin-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust; D009566:Nitrates; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002244:Carbon
keywords: ME2; Particulate matter; Seasonal variations; Source regional apportionment