title: Onyx versus nBCA and coils in the treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with cortical venous drainage have significant morbidity and mortality. Complete closure of these lesions is necessary to reduce these risks. The purpose of our study was to compare the outcome of DAVFs treated with Onyx versus those treated with n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate (nBCA) and coil embolization in a case-control study. Compared with nBCA and coil embolization, we hypothesized that Onyx embolization for DAVF is safer and has a higher chance of complete obliteration, with no need for post-embolization surgery for the DAVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to 2015, 29 patients who had DAVFs were treated with endovascular embolization. Of these, 24 patients had imaging available for analysis. Successful closure rates, complications, and procedure time were compared between the embolization techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chance of not requiring post-embolization surgery with Onyx (81.8%) was significantly higher (p = 0.005) than with nBCA (22.22%). The complication rate with Onyx (9.1%) tended to be lower compared with that of nBCA (22.22%; p = 0.37). Procedural time was not significantly different between Onyx (mean 267 minutes) and nBCA (mean 288 minutes) (p = 0.59). The odds ratio of a DAVF being treated with Onyx and then requiring no follow-up surgery was 17.5 (95% CI 1.97-155.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case-control study suggests that Onyx embolization is superior to nBCA and coil embolization in completely obliterating DAVFs, with higher odds of no post-embolization surgery. We also found that Onyx is safe for embolization of DAVFs, with no associated neurological mortality and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Canada shivajai1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jai Jai Shiva
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shankar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000628:therapy*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C450660:Onyx copolymer; D011145:Polyvinyls; D004659:Enbucrilate; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Cortical venous reflux; dural arteriovenous fistula; embolization