title: Aged Garlic Extract Modifies Human Immunity.
abstract: Garlic contains numerous compounds that have the potential to influence immunity. Immune cells, especially innate immune cells, are responsible for the inflammation necessary to kill pathogens. Two innate lymphocytes, γδ-T and natural killer (NK) cells, appear to be susceptible to diet modification. The purpose of this review was to summarize the influence of aged garlic extract (AGE) on the immune system. The author's laboratory is interested in AGE's effects on cell proliferation and activation and inflammation and to learn whether those changes might affect the occurrence and severity of colds and flu. Healthy human participants (n = 120), between 21 and 50 y of age, were recruited for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-intervention study to consume 2.56 g AGE/d or placebo supplements for 90 d during the cold and flu season. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated before and after consumption, and γδ-T and NK cell function was assessed by flow cytometry. The effect on cold and flu symptoms was determined by using daily diary records of self-reported illnesses. After 45 d of AGE consumption, γδ-T and NK cells proliferated better and were more activated than cells from the placebo group. After 90 d, although the number of illnesses was not significantly different, the AGE group showed reduced cold and flu severity, with a reduction in the number of symptoms, the number of days participants functioned suboptimally, and the number of work/school days missed. These results suggest that AGE supplementation may enhance immune cell function and may be partly responsible for the reduced severity of colds and flu reported. The results also suggest that the immune system functions well with AGE supplementation, perhaps with less accompanying inflammation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01390116.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL percival@ulf.edu.
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Percival
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003139:Common Cold / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: NK cell; aged garlic extract; colds; flu; human immunity; γδ-T cell