title: Early Detection, Intervention and Prevention of Psychosis Program: Community Outreach and Early Identification at Six U.S. Sites.
abstract: This study assessed the effects of a community outreach and education model implemented as part of the Early Detection, Intervention and Prevention of Psychosis Program (EDIPPP), a national multisite study in six U.S. regions.
  
  
  
  EDIPPP's model was designed to generate rapid referrals of youths at clinical high risk of psychosis by creating a network of professionals and community members trained to identify signs of early psychosis. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered through an evaluation of outreach efforts at five sites over a two-year period and through interviews with staff at all six sites. All outreach activities to groups (educational, medical, and mental health professionals; community groups; media; youth and parent groups; and multicultural communities) were counted for the six sites to determine correlations with total referrals and enrollments.
  
  
  
  During the study period (May 2007-May 2010), 848 formal presentations were made to 22,840 attendees and 145 informal presentations were made to 11,528 attendees at all six sites. These presentations led to 1,652 phone referrals. A total of 520 (31%) of these individuals were offered in-person orientation, and 392 (75%) of those were assessed for eligibility. A total of 337 individuals (86% of those assessed) met criteria for assignment to the EDIPPP study.
  
  
  
  EDIPPP's outreach and education model demonstrated the effectiveness of following a protocol-defined outreach strategy combined with flexibility to reach culturally diverse audiences or initially inaccessible systems. All EDIPPP sites yielded appropriate referrals of youths at risk of psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adelsheim
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auther
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cornblatt
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migliorati
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: J Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ragland
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sale
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spring
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Cameron S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaynes
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Stephan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Ms. Lynch, Dr. McFarlane, Ms. Jaynes, and Ms. Downing are with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine (e-mail: lynchs@mmc.org ). Dr. Joly is with the Cutler Institute for Health and Social Policy, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. Dr. Adelsheim is with the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Auther and Dr. Cornblatt are with the Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York. Ms. Migliorati is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dr. Ragland and Dr. Carter are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Ms. Sale is with the EASA Center for Excellence, Regional Research Institute, Graduate School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Ms. Spring is with Washtenaw Community Health Organization, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Dr. Calkins is with the Marion County Health Department, Salem, Oregon. Dr. Taylor is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Downing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult