title: Recognition and Sensing of Creatinine.
abstract: Current methods for creatinine quantification suffer from significant drawbacks when aiming to combine accuracy, simplicity, and affordability. Here, an unprecedented synthetic receptor, an aryl-substituted calix[4]pyrrole with a monophosphonate bridge, is reported that displays remarkable affinity for creatinine and the creatininium cation. The receptor works by including the guest in its deep and polar aromatic cavity and establishing directional interactions in three dimensions. When incorporated into a suitable polymeric membrane, this molecule acts as an ionophore. A highly sensitive and selective potentiometric sensor suitable for the determination of creatinine levels in biological fluids, such as urine or plasma, in an accurate, fast, simple, and cost-effective way has thus been developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Tomàs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guinovart
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernández-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.|School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adriaenssens
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blondeau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Belmonte
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: F Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Rius
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain. franciscojavier.andrade@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain. pballester@iciq.es.|Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain. pballester@iciq.es.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-6610
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballester
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: cavitands; creatinine; ionophores; molecular recognition; sensors