title: Solanum torvum Swartz. fruit attenuates cadmium-induced liver and kidney damage through modulation of oxidative stress and glycosylation.
abstract: Increased levels of environmental pollutants are linked to almost all human disorders; the efficient method to manage the human health is through naturally available dietary molecule. Solanum torvum (ST) Swartz (Solanaceae) commonly called Turkey Berry is found in Africa, Asia, and South America. Its fruit, part of traditional Indian cuisine, is a widely consumed nutritious herb, acclaimed for its medicinal value. ST aqueous extract (STAe) (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w., 6 days; oral) against acute Cadmium (Cd) (6.3 mg/kg b.w., single dose; oral) toxicity was evaluated in rats. Protective effect was assessed using serum markers, tissue antioxidants, oxidant derivatives, glycoprotein, and histopathological studies. The activities of serum marker enzymes were increased (40-60 %); antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, GSH, and its metabolic enzyme activities were decreased (50-80 %) in the liver and kidney upon Cd intoxication. During STAe pre-treatment, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w., the above changes were brought to near normal (25-63 %). Tissue 4-hydroxynonenal, 3-nitrotyrosine, and protein carbonyls were increased (8-15 fold) in Cd-alone-treated rats, whereas pre-supplementation of STAe significantly decreased their levels and inhibited the protein glycosylation effectively. The pharmacological effect of STAe was confirmed by histopathological observations. Based on previous literature and present investigation, we conclude that ST may serve as a potential functional food against environmental contaminant such as heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subastri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suyavaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517 425, India.
authors.forename: K C V
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Subbaiah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517 425, India.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valluru
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India. tchinnasamy@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thirunavukkarasu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002104:Cadmium; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: Heavy metal toxicity; Hepatoprotective; Nephroprotective; Phytomedicine