title: Intralymphatic treatment of flagellin-ovalbumin mixture reduced allergic inflammation in murine model of allergic rhinitis.
abstract: Bacterial flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 agonist, is used as an adjuvant for immunomodulation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect and its mechanism following intralymphatic administration of OVA-flagellin (FlaB) mixture in the mouse model of allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  
  BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA and treated with an OVA-FlaB mixture via intranasal, sublingual, and intralymphatic routes to evaluate the effect of each treatment. Several parameters for allergic inflammation and its underlying mechanisms were then evaluated.
  
  
  
  Intralymphatic injection of the OVA-FlaB mixture reduced symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa, and total and OVA-specific IgE levels more significantly than intranasal and sublingual administration. Systemic cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ) production and local cytokine (IL-4 and IL-5) production were also reduced significantly after intralymphatic injection with OVA-FlaB. Double intralymphatic injection of the mixture was more effective than single injection. Moreover, the expression of innate cytokines such as IL-25 and IL-33 in nasal epithelial cells was reduced, and the expression of chemokines such as CCL24 (eotaxin-2), CXCL1, and CXCL2 was decreased in the nasal mucosa, suggesting the underlying mechanism for intralymphatic administration of the OVA-FlaB mixture.
  
  
  
  Intralymphatic administration of an OVA-FlaB mixture was more effective in alleviating allergic inflammation than intranasal and sublingual administration in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. This effect may be attributed to the reduced expression of innate cytokines and chemokines. This treatment modality can be considered as a new therapeutic method and agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.|Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.|Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.|Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samivel
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.|Department of Premedical Course, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheoan, Korea.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.|Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.|Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: P-S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.|Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.|Clinical mucosal immunology study group, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mo
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005408:Flagellin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000276:immunology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D005408:Flagellin; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: allergic rhinitis; flagellin; innate cytokine; intralymphatic injection; mouse model