title: Resistance of Amphiphilic Polysaccharides against Marine Fouling Organisms.
abstract: Amphiphilic coatings are promising candidates for fouling-release applications. As hydrophilic components, polysaccharides are interesting and environmentally benign building blocks. We used covalently coupled alginic acid (AA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and postmodified them with a hydrophobic fluorinated amine. The surfaces showed good stability under marine conditions and fluorination led to a decreased uptake of Ca(2+) ions after modification. In single species settlement assays (bacteria, diatoms, barnacle cypris larvae), the modification decreased the settlement density and/or the adhesion strength of many of the tested species. Field studies supported findings of the laboratory experiments, as hydrophobic modification of AA and HA decreased diatom colonization.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum, Germany.|Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|Applied Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|Applied Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alles
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|Applied Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Arpa-Sancet
authors.affiliation: Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ralston
authors.affiliation: Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aldred
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Clare
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.|School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Callow
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Callow
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum, Germany.|Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|Applied Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenhahn
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000588:Amines; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002118:Calcium