title: XPC intron11 C/A polymorphism as a risk factor for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DNA repair genes play an important role in protection against environmental and endogenous DNA damage, and constitute the first line of defense against cancer. Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is involved in the damage recognition step during nucleotide excision repair. The relationship between XPC intron11 C/A polymorphism and cancer risk has not been widely studied. Hence, this study evaluated the relationship between the XPC intron11 C/A polymorphism and prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  This hospital-based cohort consisted of 152 patients with prostate cancer and 142 male controls. The XPC intron11 C/A genotype was determined using the PCR-RFLP method. Medical, occupational, and cigarette-smoking history was obtained from each participant using questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to controls, the frequencies of the A/A and C/A genotypes were significantly higher than those of the C/C genotype in cancer patients (OR = 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-3.98 and OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.13-3.24, respectively). We also found that the frequency of the A/A genotype was significantly higher in cancer cases than in controls among non-smokers (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.38-42.88, compared to the C/C genotype).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the XPC intron11 C/A polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Among non-smokers, the A/A genotype was significantly more prevalent in prostate cancer patients than in controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Shouhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Science, University of Kumamoto, 1-1-1 Honjyoh, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan. ykuroda@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C086984:XPC protein, human
keywords: Cancer risk; DNA repair gene; Prostate cancer; XPC-PAT; Xeroderma pigmentosum