title: Arsenite response in Coccomyxa sp. Carn explored by transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolomic approaches.
abstract: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid known to generate an important oxidative stress in cells. In the present study, we focused our attention on an alga related to the genus Coccomyxa, exhibiting an extraordinary capacity to resist high concentrations of arsenite and arsenate. The integrated analysis of high-throughput transcriptomic data and non-targeted metabolomic approaches highlighted multiple levels of protection against arsenite. Indeed, Coccomyxa sp. Carn induced a set of transporters potentially preventing the accumulation of this metalloid in the cells and presented a distinct arsenic metabolism in comparison to another species more sensitive to that compound, i.e. Euglena gracilis, especially in regard to arsenic methylation. Interestingly, Coccomyxa sp. Carn was characterized by a remarkable accumulation of the strong antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Such observation could explain the apparent low oxidative stress in the intracellular compartment, as suggested by the transcriptomic analysis. In particular, the high amount of GSH in the cell could play an important role for the tolerance to arsenate, as suggested by its partial oxidation into oxidized glutathione in presence of this metalloid. Our results therefore reveal that this alga has acquired multiple and original defence mechanisms allowing the colonization of extreme ecosystems such as acid mine drainages.
authors.affiliation: Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement UMR7156 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koechler
authors.affiliation: Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement UMR7156 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Philippe N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Bertin
authors.affiliation: Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement UMR7156 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Plewniak
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Equipe Métabolisme secondaire de la vigne INRA, 68021, Colmar, France.
authors.forename: Raymonde
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baltenweck
authors.affiliation: Hydrosciences Montpellier, UMR 5569 (CNRS, IRD, UM1, UM2), Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casiot
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heipieper
authors.affiliation: GeT-PlaGe (Plateforme Génomique) Campus INRA, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouchez
authors.affiliation: Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement UMR7156 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arsène-Ploetze
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Equipe Métabolisme secondaire de la vigne INRA, 68021, Colmar, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hugueney
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Equipe Métabolisme secondaire de la vigne INRA, 68021, Colmar, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halter
mesh_terms: D001149:Arsenates / Q000378:metabolism*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000378:metabolism*; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055432:Metabolomics; D008745:Methylation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D018053:Arsenites; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D005978:Glutathione