title: Clinical comparison of various esthetic restorative options for coronal build-up of primary anterior teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to compare the clinical performance of composite, strip crowns, biological restoration, and composite with stainless steel band when used for the coronal build-up of anterior teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 patients aged 3-6 years presenting with mutilated primary anterior teeth due to caries or trauma were selected for the study using randomized simple sampling. A total of 52 primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into four equal groups having 13 teeth in each group. Teeth in Group I were restored with composite, in Group II with strip crowns, in Group III with biologic restoration and with stainless steel band reinforced composite in group IV. The restorations were evaluated for color match, retention, surface texture, and anatomic form according to Ryge's Direct (US Public Health Service) evaluation criteria at baseline (immediate postoperative), after 48 h, 3, 6, and 9 months. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test, and level of significance, that is, P value was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, none of the groups showed any color changes. Other than Group III all other groups showed highly significant changes (P < 0.05) in color after 3 months. Loss of retention was seen in both Groups I and IV after 3 months. After 6 months, retention loss was seen in all the groups except Group II, in which loss was seen after 9 months (P > 0.05). Deterioration in surface texture was exhibited maximum by restorations in Group IV followed by Group I at 3 months. Whereas, no surface changes were seen in Group II and III. Only Group I and IV showed discontinuity in anatomic form after 3 months. After 6 months, except in Group II, discontinuity in anatomic form was observed in all the groups. Discontinuity in anatomic form was seen in all the 4 groups after 9 months although the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biological restoration was found to be most satisfying esthetically owing to color compatibility with the patient's tooth. Thus, it has a great potential to be used as esthetic restorative option in primary anteriors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DAV Centenary Dental College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Inder Kumar
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DAV Centenary Dental College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gugnani
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DAV Centenary Dental College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Gulsheen Kaur
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kochhar
keywords: Composite resin; crown; deciduous; dental; dental caries; dental restoration; esthetics