title: The Role of Adiponectin in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Effects of Nutritional Interventions.
abstract: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone abundantly present in plasma that exerts its effects through the activation of 3 receptors. Its concentrations are negatively regulated by the accumulation of visceral fat, and clinical studies implicate hypoadiponectinemia in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy. In contrast, high concentrations of adiponectin are associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease, with an improvement in the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes, and with increased endothelial nitric oxide production. Therefore, adiponectin appears to be an important molecule involved in limiting the pathogenesis of obesity-linked disorders, and it may have potential benefits in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Caloric restriction, moderate alcohol consumption, and consuming a Mediterranean diet increase adiponectin concentrations, and current evidence suggests a positive, dose-dependent relation between ω-3 (n-3) fatty acid intake and circulating concentrations of adiponectin. Recently, it was reported that the administration of aged garlic extract and a single food intervention with pistachios can increase adiponectin concentrations in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet is associated with higher adiponectin concentrations. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefits of increasing adiponectin by nutritional interventions in the treatment and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes, and Diabetes Clinic, Research Institute, Santander Ophthalmological Foundation Carlos Ardila Lulle Clinic (FOSCAL), and Masira Institute, Medical School, University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia jplopezj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez-Jaramillo
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005737:Garlic; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D027927:Pistacia; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: adiponectin; aged garlic extract; cardiovascular disease; diabetes mellitus; metabolic syndrome; nutritional interventions; visceral fat