title: Recent progresses in bioadhesive microspheres via transmucosal administration.
abstract: Based on the advantages of adhesion preparations and the application status of microspheres (MSs) in mucous delivery, this paper primarily reviews the bioadhesive MSs via transmucosal administration routes, including the mucosa in alimentary tract and other lumens. Particularly, the detailed researches about of celladhesive MSs and some new-style bioadhesive MSs are mentioned. Furthermore, this review attempts to reveal the advances of bioadhesive MSs as cell-selective bioadhesion systems and the stimuli-responsive MSs as location-specific drug delivery systems. Although these MSs show powerful strength, some far-sighted ideas should be brought on agendas. In the future, mechanisms should be put under tight scrutiny and more attention should be focused on the excellent bioadhesive materials and the 'second generation mucoadhesives'. Meaningful clinical applications of these novel MSs are also of current concerns and need more detailed researches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Mengrui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Baomei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. Electronic address: cnlbli@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lingbing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. Electronic address: professorgxzhai@126.com.
authors.forename: Guangxi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhai
mesh_terms: D058956:Administration, Mucosal; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives
keywords: Bioadhesive microspheres; Bioavailability; Stimuli-responsive; Transmucosal administration