title: Open innovation in early drug discovery: roadmaps and roadblocks.
abstract: Open innovation in pharmaceutical R&D evolved from a triple helix of convergent paradigm shifts in academic, industrial and government research sectors. The birth of the biotechnology sector catalyzed shifts in location dynamics that led to the first wave of open innovation in pharmaceutical R&D between big pharma and startup companies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap was a crucial inflection point that set the stage for a new wave of open innovation models between pharmaceutical companies and universities that have the potential to transform the pharmaceutical R&D landscape. We highlight the attributes of leading protected open innovation models that foster the sharing of proprietary small molecule collections by lowering the risk of premature escape of intellectual property, particularly structure-activity data.
authors.affiliation: Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Chemical Genomics Center, 100 Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA, USA. Electronic address: reichmanm@mlhs.org.
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reichman
authors.affiliation: N8 Research Partnership, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004345:Drug Industry; D006801:Humans; D062069:Inventions; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases