title: Preliminary probe of quality indicators and quality specification in total testing process in 5753 laboratories in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to promote the establishment and implementation of quality indicators (QIs) in clinical laboratories, catch up with the state of art, and provide preliminary quality specifications for established QIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical laboratories from different provinces in China were included in this QIs survey in 2015. All participants were asked to collect data related to QIs and complete QIs questionnaires. Defect percentages and sigma values were calculated for each QI. The 25th percentile, median, and the 75th percentile of defect percentages and TATs were calculated as optimum, desirable and minimum quality specifications. While 25th, median, and 75th of sigma values were calculated as minimum, desirable and optimum quality specifications, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five thousand seven hundred and fifty-three clinical laboratories from 28 provinces in China participated in this survey. Median defect percentages of pre-examination QIs varied largely from 0.01% (incorrect sample container) to 0.57% (blood culture contamination) with sigma values varied from 4.0σ to 5.1σ. Median defect percentages of examination phase QIs were all really high. The most common problem in examination phase was test uncovered by inter-laboratory comparison (86.67%). Defect percentages of critical values notification and timely critical values notification were all 0.00% (6.0σ). While the median of defect percentages of incorrect laboratory reports was only 0.01% (5.4σ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements are needed in all phases of total testing process (TTP) in laboratories in China, especially in examination phase. More attention should be paid when microbiology specimens are collected and results are reported. Quality specifications can provide directions for laboratories to make effort for.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Fengfeng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Falin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenxiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000592:standards