title: Scanning electron microscopic examination of resected root apices obtained from endodontic microsurgery.
abstract: This study was designed to examine the morphological features of the resected root apices obtained from endodontic microsurgery using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as their anatomical effect on the clinical outcome of the surgical treatment. One-hundred-six resected root apices from 91 patients/surgeries were obtained by endodontic microsurgery, and fixed immediately for storage. The resected apices were prepared for SEM to examine their morphological features, such as the number and size of the apical foramina. The patients were periodically checked up at least 1 year and the clinical outcome of the microsurgery was judged as a success or failure according to the Molven's criteria. The SEM findings and the clinical outcome of apical surgery were evaluated to see any potential correlation between them. The SEM examination revealed that 60.4% of specimens had more than two portals of exit on the resected root apices and the size of the major foramen was at least 386 micrometer and 334 micrometer from maxillary and mandibular molar, respectively. With a recall rate of 72.9%, 91.9% of the surgical cases were decided to have successful outcomes. Based on this SEM study, a relatively high frequency of multiple portals of exit was existed and the sizes of major foramina were bigger than that were reported in previous reports. The clinical outcomes of endodontic microsurgery were not correlated with the anatomical features of resected apical root apices. SCANNING 38:455-461, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. andyendo@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Euiseong
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D004708:Endodontics; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D008866:Microsurgery; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: SEM; endodontic failure; portal of exit; resected root apex; surgical endodontics