title: Age, Body Mass Index, and Frequency of Sexual Activity are Independent Predictors of Testosterone Deficiency in Men With Erectile Dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify clinical predictors of testosterone deficiency (TD) in men with erectile dysfunction (ED), thereby identifying subgroups that are most likely to benefit from targeted testosterone screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review was conducted on 498 men evaluated for ED between January 2013 and July 2014. Testing for TD by early morning serum measurement was offered to all eligible men. Patients with history of prostate cancer or testosterone replacement were excluded. Univariable linear regression was conducted to analyze 19 clinical variables for associations with serum total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone (cFT), and TD (T <300 ng/dL or cFT <6.5 ng/dL). Variables significant on univariable analysis were included in multiple regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 225 men met inclusion criteria. Lower TT levels were associated with greater body mass index (BMI), less frequent sexual activity, and absence of clinical depression on multiple regression analysis. TT decreased by 49.5 ng/dL for each 5-point increase in BMI. BMI and age were the only independent predictors of cFT levels on multivariable analysis. Overall, 62 subjects (27.6%) met criteria for TD. Older age, greater BMI, and less frequent sexual activity were the only independent predictors of TD on multiple regression. We observed a 2.2-fold increase in the odds of TD for every 5-point increase in BMI, and a 1.8-fold increase for every 10 year increase in age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with ED and elevated BMI, advanced age, or infrequent sexual activity appear to be at high risk of TD, and such patients represent excellent potential candidates for targeted testosterone screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: mjp2147@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Fazio
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Arindam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: RoyChoudhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013739:Testosterone / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone