title: Effect of perfluorotributylamine-enriched alginate on nucleus pulposus cell: Implications for intervertebral disc regeneration.
abstract: Various scaffolds have been attempted for intervertebral disc regeneration, but their effectiveness was limited by loss of nutrients within the scaffolds. It has been suggested that the disc is not severely hypoxic and limited availability of oxygen results in disc degeneration. Therefore, a certain oxygen level might be beneficial for disc regeneration, which has not been given enough attention in previous studies. Here, we used perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) for the first time as an oxygen regulator in alginate scaffold for disc regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We found that the characteristics of alginate were not affected by PFTBA and the oxygen level of the scaffold was regulated. Then, human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were cultured in the PFTBA-enriched alginates. It was found that PFTBA could promote NP cell survival and proliferation. In addition, 2.5% PFTBA was capable of regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) to a disc-like tissue graft with little effect on the expression of NP cell markers. Finally, 2.5% PFTBA-enriched alginate was found to restore the disc height and the ECM in a mouse disc degeneration model, indicating its beneficial effect on alleviating disc degeneration. These findings highlight the promising application of PFTBA in further intervertebral disc regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: fmmusz@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. Electronic address: bear_luo@126.com.
authors.forename: Beier
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: lzy_westlife@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhongyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: 390863002@qq.com.
authors.forename: Liangliang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Function Examination, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China. Electronic address: liubingblessed@163.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: mateng_cn@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: gaobofmmu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital, Youyi Road 269, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: zhiheng-liu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Heng
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100036, China. Electronic address: ifireman@126.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: huangjh@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: zhuojingl@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhuojing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D059145:Total Disc Replacement; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; C008807:perfluorotributylamine; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Alginate; Hypoxia; Intervertebral disc; Nucleus pulposus; Perfluorotributylamine