title: Comparison of tramadol and lornoxicam in intravenous regional anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tourniquet pain is one of the major obstacles for intravenous regional anesthesia. We aimed to compare tramadol and lornoxicam used in intravenous regional anesthesia as regards their effects on the quality of anesthesia, tourniquet pain and postoperative pain as well.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the ethics committee approval 51 patients of ASA physical status I-II aged 18-65 years were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups. Group P (n = 17) received 3mg/kg 0.5% prilocaine; group PT (n = 17) 3mg/kg 0.5% prilocaine + 2 mL (100mg) tramadol and group PL (n = 17) 3mg/kg 0.5% prilocaine + 2 mL (8 mg) lornoxicam for intravenous regional anesthesia. Sensory and motor block onset and recovery times were noted, as well as tourniquet pains and postoperative analgesic consumptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensory block onset times in the groups PT and PL were shorter, whereas the corresponding recovery times were longer than those in the group P. Motor block onset times in the groups PT and PL were shorter than that in the group P, whereas recovery time in the group PL was longer than those in the groups P and PT. Tourniquet pain onset time was shortest in the group P and longest in the group PL. There was no difference regarding tourniquet pain among the groups. Group PL displayed the lowest analgesic consumption postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding tramadol and lornoxicam to prilocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia produces favorable effects on sensory and motor blockade. Postoperative analgesic consumption can be decreased by adding tramadol and lornoxicam to prilocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, Kocaeli Gölcük Necati Çelik Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, Adiyaman University Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey. Electronic address: ruslan_jnr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdullayev
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, Ankara Numune Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Akçaboy
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, Ankara Numune Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, Hitit University Research Hospital, Çorum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Göğüş
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011318:Prilocaine; D010894:Piroxicam; D014147:Tramadol; C059451:lornoxicam
keywords: Anestesia regional intravenosa; IVRA; Intravenous regional anesthesia; Lornoxicam; Prilocaine; Prilocaína; Tramadol