title: Health risk assessment of trace elements via dietary intake of 'non-piscine protein source' foodstuffs (meat, milk and egg) in Bangladesh.
abstract: Concentrations of six trace elements [chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As)] were assessed in 'non-piscine protein source' foodstuffs (meat, milk and eggs) to evaluate contamination level and human health risks in Bangladesh. The range of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb and As in the investigated foodstuffs was 1.24-2.17, 1.29-2.56, 0.92-2.31, 0.12-0.44, 0.15-0.48 and 0.14-0.57 mg kg fresh weight(-1), respectively. The estimated mean levels of most of the elements were higher than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for dietary foods. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of Cr and Cd were higher than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) for children, indicating that they are more susceptible to toxic elements through food consumption. The target hazard quotients (THQs) and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of As (THQ > 1 and TCR > 10(-4)) for both the adults and children suggest that the consumers of non-piscine foodstuffs (especially cow milk and chicken meat) are exposed chronically to metal pollution with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health consequences.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nazma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Kawser
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.|Department of Risk Management and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Md Saiful
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Risk Management and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan. habibullah-al-sj@ynu.jp.|Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh. habibullah-al-sj@ynu.jp.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habibullah-Al-Mamun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Avonti Basak
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Tukun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Saiful
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Abu Torab
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: M A Rahim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D001459:Bangladesh; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Bangladesh; Cancer risk; EDI; Eggs; MTDI; Meat; Milk; THQ; Trace elements