title: Factors Associated With Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in the Medical Group of the SAMMPRIS Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) Trial showed that aggressive medical therapy was more effective than stenting for preventing stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. However, 15% of patients in the medical group still experienced a primary end point during a median follow-up of 32.7 months.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine baseline features that were associated with a high rate of a primary end point in the medical arm of the SAMMPRIS Trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A post hoc analysis of patients in the medical arm only of the SAMMPRIS trial. Enrollment occurred between October 2008 and April 2013 and included 227 patients randomized to medical management alone. Baseline demographic features, vascular risk factors, qualifying event, brain imaging, and angiographic features were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariable proportional hazard regression modeling was performed to relate baseline features to the time until a primary end point. The post hoc analysis was conducted from November 2014 to June 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SAMMPRIS Trial compared stenting with aggressive medical management in patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack attributed to 70% to 99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was any of the following: stroke or death within 30 days of enrollment, ischemic stroke in the territory of the symptomatic intracranial artery beyond 30 days after enrollment, or any stroke or death within 30 days after stenting a patient in the medical group during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 227 patients were included in the study, 82 of whom were female, and the mean (SD) age was 59.5 (11.8) years. Being female (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI, 0.96-3.7), having diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9-3.5), not taking a statin at enrollment (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.7), stroke as the qualifying event (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.03-6.0), Rankin grade of 1 or greater (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.9-5.5), old infarct in the territory of the stenotic artery (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.1), and greater than 80% stenosis (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9-3.7) were associated (P < .10) with higher risk on bivariate analysis. Factors that were significantly associated with a primary end point on multivariable analyses were old infarct in the territory (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3; P = .006), stroke as the qualifying event (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-7.7; P = .03), and no statin use at enrollment (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Old infarct in the territory of the stenosis, new stroke presentation, and absence of statin use at enrollment were independently associated with high rates of the primary end point in the medical group in the SAMMPRIS Trial. These features may be useful for selecting high-risk patients for future clinical trials evaluating alternative therapies for intracranial stenosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00576693.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville2Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston6Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Tanya N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Colin P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Derdeyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiorella
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
authors.forename: Tiffany O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Bethany F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Marc I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Chimowitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy