title: Comparing participation in physical recreation activities between children with disability and children with typical development: A secondary analysis of matched data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Facilitating participation in physical recreation among children with disability is an increasingly important aim of paediatric rehabilitation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the extent (diversity and frequency), context (where and companionship), experience (enjoyment) and preference for participation in physical recreation activities outside-of-school between children with disability and children with typical development.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-three children with physical, intellectual, sensory or multiple disabilities (67 girls; mean age 10.8 yr) were matched with 163 children with typical development for age, sex, geographical location and socioeconomic status. Participation in 16 physical recreation activities (including walking, cycling, team sports) was compared between these two groups using non-parametric statistics and relative risk ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between the groups in 14 activities. A lower percentage of children with disability reported participating in 5 physical recreation activities. A higher percentage of children with disability reported not participating in their preferred activities. Children with disability were less likely to participate on their own in some day-to-day physical recreation activities such as walking and cycling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences between the groups related to the context (companionship) and preference for participation. Understanding and addressing these differences may enhance participation among children with disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Sport and Nutrition, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: carmen.woodmansee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woodmansee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Sport and Nutrition, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: a.hahne@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hahne
authors.affiliation: School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy 3065, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Institute for Applied Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 1C7. Electronic address: christine.imms@acu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Imms
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Sport and Nutrition, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, VIC, Australia; Northern Health, 185 Cooper St., Epping, Melbourne 3076, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: n.shields@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001642:Bicycling; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy; D002648:Child; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D004314:Down Syndrome; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D008297:Male; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies; D011998:Recreation; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism; D013177:Sports; D014786:Vision Disorders; D016138:Walking
keywords: Childhood disability; Leisure; Physical activity; Sport; Youth