title: Regulating the Skin Permeation Rate of Escitalopram by Ion-pair Formation with Organic Acids.
abstract: In order to regulate the skin permeation rate (flux) of escitalopram (ESP), ion-pair strategy was used in our work. Five organic acids with different physicochemical properties, benzoic acid (BA), ibuprofen (IB), salicylic acid (SA), benzenesulfonic acid (BSA), and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), were employed as counter-ions to regulate the permeation rate of ESP across the rabbit abdominal skin in vitro. The interaction between ESP and organic acids was characterized by FTIR and13C NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that all organic acids investigated in this study performed a controlling effect on ESP flux. To further analyze the factors concerned with the permeation capability of ESP-acid complex, a multiple linear regression model was used. It is concluded that the steady-state flux (J) of ESP-acid complexes had a positive correlation with log Ko/w(the n-octanol/water partition coefficient of ion-pair complex) and pKa(the acidity of organic acid counter-ion), but a negative correlation with MW (the molecular weight of ion-pair complex). The logKo/wof ion-pair complex is the primary one in all the factors that influence the skin permeation rate of ESP. The results demonstrated that organic acid with appropriate physicochemical properties can be considered as suitable candidate for the transdermal drug delivery of escitalopram.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rongwu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China. fangliang2003@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000143:Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015283:Citalopram / Q000378:metabolism*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000378:metabolism; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D011817:Rabbits; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007477:Ions; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D015283:Citalopram; C032365:benzenesulfonic acid; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: 13C NMR; escitalopram; ion-pair; multiple line regression; transdermal drug delivery