title: Major depressive disorder, antidepressant use, and subsequent 2-year weight change patterns in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although depression and obesity are bidirectionally associated, little is known about weight changes following major depressive disorder (MDD). This study compared 2-year weight changes between patients with current MDD (cMDD), patients with remitted MDD (rMDD), and healthy controls. Additionally, we examined the relationship between antidepressant medication use and 2-year weight change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2,542 adults aged 18-65 y were sourced from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Data were collected at baseline and after 2, 4, and 6 years (September 2004-April 2013). Depression status (DSM-IV criteria for MDD) was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Subsequent 2-year weight changes were categorized as weight loss (> 5% loss), weight stable (within 5% weight loss or gain), and weight gain (> 5% gain). The association of depression status with subsequent weight change, with weight stable as reference category, was studied by combining all repeated measurements in a mixed multinomial logistical regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cMDD, but not rMDD, was significantly associated with both weight gain and weight loss over a 2-year period after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.03; P < .001; and OR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.01-1.61; P = .045, respectively). Antidepressant use was associated with weight gain (SSRIs: OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05-1.52; other antidepressants: OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.00-1.84; P < .05 for both), but not after considering depression status. Compared to cMDD patients who lost weight, those who gained weight had lower initial weight, were younger, had more comorbid anxiety disorders, and reported poorer quality of mood and reduced appetite as depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to controls, cMDD participants have greater odds of either gaining or losing weight over a 2-year period, regardless of antidepressant use.
authors.affiliation: GGZ inGeest, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d.gibson-smith@ggzingeest.nl.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gibson-Smith
authors.forename: Mariska
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bot
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Milaneschi
authors.forename: Jos W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Twisk
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Ingeborg A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012074:Remission Induction; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors