title: GRP-3 and KAPP, encoding interactors of WAK1, negatively affect defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides and local response to wounding.
abstract: Conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) act as danger signals to activate the plant immune response. These molecules are recognized by surface receptors that are referred to as pattern recognition receptors. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), DAMPs released from the plant cell wall homogalacturonan, have also been proposed to act as local signals in the response to wounding. The Arabidopsis Wall-Associated Kinase 1 (WAK1), a receptor of OGs, has been described to form a complex with a cytoplasmic plasma membrane-localized kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP) and a glycine-rich protein (GRP-3) that we find localized mainly in the cell wall and, in a small part, on the plasma membrane. By using Arabidopsis plants overexpressing WAK1, and both grp-3 and kapp null insertional mutant and overexpressing plants, we demonstrate a positive function of WAK1 and a negative function of GRP-3 and KAPP in the OG-triggered expression of defence genes and the production of an oxidative burst. The three proteins also affect the local response to wounding and the basal resistance against the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. GRP-3 and KAPP are likely to function in the phasing out of the plant immune response.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gramegna
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Modesti
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniel V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Savatin
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sicilia
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cervone
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy giulia.delorenzo@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D044043:Pectobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C432244:GRP-3 protein, Arabidopsis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; C412763:oligogalacturonic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011494:Protein Kinases; C101093:WAK1 protein, Arabidopsis; C090240:KAPP protein, Arabidopsis; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; GRP-3; KAPP; Wall-associated kinase; oligogalacturonides; oxidative burst; pathogen resistance; wounding.