title: Shedding of Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) by HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Mothers of OPV-Vaccinated Zimbabwean Infants.
abstract: Community circulation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) likely begins with household transmission. We analyzed stool collected from Zimbabwean mothers who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those who were uninfected with HIV 1 to 24 weeks after infant oral poliovirus vaccination. Overall, only 5% of the mothers had detectable OPV (16 of 304) despite high infant shedding rates. OPV shedding was similar between HIV-infected mothers and those who were uninfected (11 [6.4%] of 171 vs 5 [3.8%] of 133, respectively) and between mothers of HIV-infected infants and those of uninfected infants (2 [3.5%] of 57 vs 9 [6.3%] of 144, respectively). Mothers of vaccinated infants are unlikely to shed OPV, even when they are infected with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holubar
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk.
authors.forename: Stephanie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Troy
authors.affiliation: University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences.
authors.forename: Kusum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nathoo
authors.affiliation: University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences.|Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project-University of Zimbabwe Department of Community Medicine, Harare.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stranix-Chibanda
authors.affiliation: Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project-University of Zimbabwe Department of Community Medicine, Harare.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Musingwini
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
authors.forename: Nivedita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
authors.forename: ChunHong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Princeton University, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junn
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
authors.forename: Meira S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, California.|Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project-University of Zimbabwe Department of Community Medicine, Harare.
authors.forename: Yvonne A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002585:Cesarean Section; D003906:Developing Countries; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D011247:Pregnancy; D019562:Viral Load; D017201:Virus Shedding; D015030:Zimbabwe
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
keywords: OPV; OPV shedding; contact shedding of OPV; oral poliovirus vaccine; poliovirus transmission