title: CD68 and interleukin 13, prospective immune markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma prognosis prediction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oncology immunity was reported to play a key role in cancer development and progression, so we investigated the prediction role of several immune markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients after operation in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  66 primary ESCC tumor tissues and four sets of tissue microarrays including 705 primary ESCC tumor tissues from four centers were collected and analyzed. Expressions of several immune markers in ESCC tumor tissue were detected with immunohistochemistry staining. Their distribution densities were analyzed with InForm™ 2.0.1 software. All statistic analyses were performed with SPSS16.0 and Stata version 10.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival analyses assessed by Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests demonstrated that densities of CD68 and interleukin 13 (IL-13) in tumor stroma were positively correlated with the overall survival of ESCC patients after operation (p < 0.01 for CD68, p < 0.001 for IL-13). Further, a model based on tumor stroma densities of CD68 and IL-13 was constructed and it could significantly classify patients with poor or good prognosis. This model could further identify high-risk group and low-risk group at the same Tumor lymph Nodes Metastases (TNM) stage. Lastly, a more accuracy model based on TNM stage, densities of CD68 and IL-13 was constructed to predict the prognosis of ESCC patient after operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining the TNM staging system and densities of CD68 and IL-13 could substantially improve the prognosis prediction accuracy of ESCC patient after operation, which might be an excellent tool for selecting patients for individualized therapy in future.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Zhu
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mu-Yan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Kwok Wah
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018793:Interleukin-13; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C578095:IL13 protein, human
keywords: CD68; ESCC; IL-13; macrophage; prognosis