title: Comparison of Hematologic and Biochemical Test Results in Blood Samples Obtained by Jugular Venipuncture Versus Nail Clip in Moluccan Cockatoos (Cacatua moluccensis).
abstract: In birds, blood samples are often collected from the jugular, medial metatarsal, and basilic vein. Samples are sometimes collected by toe nail clip, but concerns to avoid drawing blood from the nail include pain after nail clips for blood collection, potential differences in complete blood count (CBC) results, and potential contamination with uric acid values. To compare differences in biochemical and hematologic values in blood samples obtained by jugular venipuncture versus toenail clip, blood samples were collected from Moluccan cockatoos (Cacatua moluccensis) (N = 23) and sent to a commercial laboratory for routine CBCs and serum biochemical analysis. Results showed good agreement between venipuncture and nail clip blood samples in red blood cell count, packed cell volume, heterophil count and percentage, lymphocyte count and percentage, aspartate aminotransferase, chloride, creatine phosphokinase, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and uric acid values. Constant bias was found in values of bile acids, cholesterol, and hemoglobin. Proportional bias toward higher values in the jugular sample were found in total white blood cell (WBC) count and inorganic phosphorus. Serum calcium plots revealed a proportional bias toward higher values in the toe nail blood when values were increased. Results suggest some differences in WBC count, bile acids, calcium, cholesterol, hemoglobin, and phosphorus values between blood samples collected by jugular venipuncture and samples collected by toe nail clip, but the differences are mostly minor and, with the possible exception of inorganic phosphorus and marginally elevated or very low WBC counts, are unlikely to affect the use or interpretation of the avian blood panel.
authors.forename: Tracy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Daniel V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Lejnieks
authors.forename: Hoyt
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koepke
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimson
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szucs
authors.forename: Kerri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omaits
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D046410:Cockatoos / Q000097:blood*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000098:blood supply*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D014527:Uric Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Cacatua moluccensis; Moluccan cockatoo; avian; blood; complete blood count; nail clip; serum biochemical analysis; venipuncture