title: Use of magnetic effervescent tablet-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction to extract fungicides from environmental waters with the aid of experimental design methodology.
abstract: In this work, a novel effervescence-assisted microextraction technique was proposed for the detection of four fungicides. This method combines ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with the magnetic retrieval of the extractant. A magnetic effervescent tablet composed of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) was used for extractant dispersion and retrieval. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency were screened by a Plackett-Burman design and optimized by a central composite design. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity was obtained for all analytes in pure water model and real water samples. Just for the pure water, the recoveries were between 84.6% and 112.8%, the limits of detection were between 0.02 and 0.10 μg L(-1) and the intra-day precision and inter-day precision both are lower than 4.9%. This optimized method was successfully applied in the analysis of four fungicides (azoxystrobin, triazolone, cyprodinil, trifloxystrobin) in environmental water samples and the recoveries ranged between 70.7% and 105%. The procedure promising to be a time-saving, environmentally friendly, and efficient field sampling technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Miyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yuhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xuefei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Runhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Sanbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: zhouwenfeng@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Effervescent; Fungicides; High performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquid; Magnetic