title: Voiding Cystourethrography in the Diagnosis of Anorectal Malformations.
abstract: IntroductionIn a newborn with an anorectal malformation (ARM), it is vital to determine the anatomy of the underlying defect. After a colostomy has been created, distal colostography (DCG) is currently the chosen modality for the detection of fistulas. The role of voiding cystourethrography (VCU) is unexplored.AimThe aim of this study was to analyze the reproducibility of DCG and VCU in assessing the underlying malformation in ARM, and to evaluate any degree of concordance among them.Materials and MethodsA retrospective evaluation was undertaken comparing DCG and VCU findings with definitive surgical findings in children who received both investigations for the initial management of ARM.ResultsIn this study, 26 boys were included. Malformations were classified according to Krickenbeck classification. Four boys with perineal fistula were excluded from the analysis, as none of them needed a colostomy; therefore, comparison between both methods was not possible. VCU identified a rectourethral fistula in 12 cases, a rectovesical fistula in 4 cases, and excluded a fistula in 6 cases. VCU was false negative for a rectovesical fistula in one case. VCU showed a vesicoureteral reflux in 16 patients. Results obtained by VCU were compared with DCG. DCG showed a rectourethral fistula in 11 cases, a rectovesical in 3 cases, and excluded a fistula in 6 cases correctly. DCG was false negative in two cases, a rectoprostatic and a rectovesical fistula. The diagnostic accuracy, measuring the sensitivity was 95% in VCU (range: 76.18-99.88%) and 90% (range: 68.30-98.77%) in colostogram.ConclusionVCU can be as accurate as distal colostogram in the evaluation of male patients with ARM. VCU uses a natural orifice, without the need of a colostomy. VCU can be performed as an initial modality to determine the type of malformation and to decide on the type of early surgical management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karsten
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Märzheuser
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000071056:Anorectal Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000070621:Cystography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012003:Rectal Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*