title: Factors associated with mouth breathing in children with -developmental -disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with mouth breathing among patients with developmental disabilities of a dental service.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 408 dental records. Mouth breathing was reported by the patients' parents and from direct observation. Other variables were as -follows: history of asthma, bronchitis, palate shape, pacifier use, thumb -sucking, nail biting, use of medications, gastroesophageal reflux, bruxism, gender, age, and diagnosis of the patient. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis with ratio calculation and multiple logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.25 were included in the model to estimate the adjusted OR (95% CI), calculated by the forward stepwise method. Variables with p ​​< 0.05 were kept in the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Being male (p = 0.016) and use of centrally acting drugs (p = 0.001) were the variables that remained in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with -developmental disabilities, boys and psychotropic drug users had a greater chance of being mouth breathers.
authors.affiliation: Professor Doctor, Department of Restorative Dentistry of Dental School, Coordinator of the Extension Project "Dental Care for disabled, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lia Silva
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Castilho
authors.affiliation: Professor Doctor, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate student, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Batista
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Professor Doctor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Elisa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Souza E Silva
authors.affiliation: Professor Doctor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia Silva
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Resende
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: cerebral palsy; dental care for disabled; developmental ­disabilities; mouth breathing