title: Effects of the novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide Paichongding on enzyme activities and microorganisms in yellow loam and Huangshi soils.
abstract: Soil enzyme activity and microbial population play important roles in maintaining soil fertility and ensure crop yield. Paichongding (IPP) is a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, which was recently developed in China. In this study, in order to better understand IPP ecological toxicity, the impact of IPP on soil enzyme activity and microbial population in soils was investigated. The results showed that, urease activity was inhibited by IPP before 75 days incubation, after that this inhibiting effect gradually weakened. IPP had different stimulating effects on the activities of dehydrogenase, protease, and catalase. They were consistently stimulated from the initial time in soils. The results of microbial population indicated that the number of bacteria increased after IPP application compared with the control, fungal number increased before 45 days incubation and then decreased. While actinomycete number decreased during degradation period. DT50 (half-life value), k (degradation rate constant) of IPP in S1 (yellow loam soil), and S2 (Huangshi soil) were found 90 days and 173 days, 0.0077 day(-1), and 0.0040 day(-1), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China. zhqcai@cczu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-675X
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
authors.forename: Xiyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002681:China; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D004798:Enzymes; D007306:Insecticides; D011725:Pyridines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C588015:paichongding; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: Chiral insecticide; Degradation kinetics; IPP; Microbial population; Soil enzyme