title: A Simulation-based Randomized Controlled Study of Factors Influencing Chest Compression Depth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current resuscitation guidelines emphasize a systems approach with a strong emphasis on quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Despite the American Heart Association (AHA) emphasis on quality CPR for over 10 years, resuscitation teams do not consistently meet recommended CPR standards. The objective is to assess the impact on chest compression depth of factors including bed height, step stool utilization, position of the rescuer's arms and shoulders relative to the point of chest compression, and rescuer characteristics including height, weight, and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six eligible subjects, including physician assistant students and first-year emergency medicine residents, were enrolled and randomized to intervention (bed lowered and step stool readily available) and control (bed raised and step stool accessible, but concealed) groups. We instructed all subjects to complete all interventions on a high-fidelity mannequin per AHA guidelines. Secondary end points included subject arm angle, height, weight group, and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using an intention to treat analysis, the mean compression depths for the intervention and control groups were not significantly different. Subjects positioning their arms at a 90-degree angle relative to the sagittal plane of the mannequin's chest achieved a mean compression depth significantly greater than those compressing at an angle less than 90 degrees. There was a significant correlation between using a step stool and achieving the correct shoulder position. Subject height, weight group, and gender were all independently associated with compression depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rescuer arm position relative to the patient's chest and step stool utilization during CPR are modifiable factors facilitating improved chest compression depth.
authors.affiliation: Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kelsey P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mayrand
authors.affiliation: Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio.
authors.forename: Raymond P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ten Eyck
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D000066908:Simulation Training; D014481:United States