title: Music for the birds: effects of auditory enrichment on captive bird species.
abstract: With the increase of mixed species exhibits in zoos, targeting enrichment for individual species may be problematic. Often, mammals may be the primary targets of enrichment, yet other species that share their environment (such as birds) will unavoidably be exposed to the enrichment as well. The purpose of this study was to determine if (1) auditory stimuli designed for enrichment of primates influenced the behavior of captive birds in the zoo setting, and (2) if the specific type of auditory enrichment impacted bird behavior. Three different African bird species were observed at the Buffalo Zoo during exposure to natural sounds, classical music and rock music. The results revealed that the average frequency of flying in all three bird species increased with naturalistic sounds and decreased with rock music (F = 7.63, df = 3,6, P = 0.018); vocalizations for two of the three species (Superb Starlings and Mousebirds) increased (F = 18.61, df = 2,6, P = 0.0027) in response to all auditory stimuli, however one species (Lady Ross's Turacos) increased frequency of duetting only in response to rock music (X(2) = 18.5, df = 2, P < 0.0001). Auditory enrichment implemented for large mammals may influence behavior in non-target species as well, in this case leading to increased activity by birds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Behavior, Ecology and Conservation, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York.|University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Behavior, Ecology and Conservation, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York.|Department of Biology, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Susan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Margulis
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009146:Music; D013045:Species Specificity; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology
keywords: auditory enrichment; mousebird; starling; turaco