title: High Hydrostatic Pressure Extract of Red Ginseng Attenuates Inflammation in Rats with High-fat Diet Induced Obesity.
abstract: Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity. This study investigated effect of high hydrostatic pressure extract of red ginseng (HRG) on inflammation in rats with high-fat (HF) diet induced obesity. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (80~110 g) were randomly divided into two groups, and fed a 45% HF diet (HF) and a 45% HF diet containing 1.5% HRG (HF+HRG) for 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the serum leptin level was reduced by the HRG supplementation. The mRNA expression of genes related to adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and adipocyte protein 2 was down-regulated in the white adipose tissue (WAT). The mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-6 were remarkably down-regulated by the HRG in WAT. These results suggest that HRG might be beneficial in ameliorating the inflammation-associated health complications by suppressing adipogenic and pro-inflammatory gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunyoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Mak-Soon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Korea.
authors.forename: Chong-Tai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hwan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Yangha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: gene expression; high hydrostatic pressure; high-fat diet; inflammation; red ginseng