title: Cerium dioxide nanoparticles increase immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine.
abstract: We have demonstrated the influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine on an example of liquid split inactivated Vaxigrip vaccine. Antibody titers were analyzed using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Seroprotection, seroconversion, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) and the factor increase (FI) in the GMTs were calculated. The effect of nano-ceria surface stabilizer on the enhancement of immunogenicity was shown. The vaccine modified by citrate-stabilized nano-ceria, in contrast to a non-modified Vaxigrip vaccine, did not provide an adequate level of seroprotection, and seroconversion after vaccination was 66.7% on days 49-63 for virus strain А(H1N1) and 100% on day 49 for virus strain B/Yamagata. For the low immunogenic influenza B virus, the rise in antibody titers (GMT/IF) was 24.38/3.28 after the first injection and 50.40/6.79 on day 49. For the vaccine modified by non-stabilized nano-ceria, for all virus strains under study, on day 63, upon immunization notable levels of seroprotection, seroconversion and GMT/IF were registered (higher than for the non-modified Vaxigrip vaccine). The successful attempt to modify the influenza vaccine demonstrates the possible ways of increasing the specific activity of vaccines using nano-ceria.
authors.affiliation: Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv D0368, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Nadezhda M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Zholobak
authors.affiliation: Gromashevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of Medical Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03038, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Alla P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mironenko
authors.affiliation: Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv D0368, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Alexander B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shcherbakov
authors.affiliation: Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv D0368, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Shydlovska
authors.affiliation: Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv D0368, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Mykola Ya
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Spivak
authors.affiliation: Gromashevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of Medical Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03038, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Larysa V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Radchenko
authors.affiliation: National University of Food Technologies, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Andrey I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Marinin
authors.affiliation: Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Baranchikov
authors.affiliation: Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia. Electronic address: van@igic.ras.ru.
authors.forename: Vladimir K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Ivanov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000379:methods; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; C478242:vaxigrip; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
keywords: Cerium dioxide; Immunogenicity; Influenza vaccine; Nanomaterials