title: Cryptorchidism and Fertility.
abstract: Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum prenatally, occurs in 2.4%-5% of newborns. Many of these testes will descend spontaneously shortly after birth, but ~23% will remain undescended unless surgery is performed. Bilaterally cryptorchid men have a six times greater risk of being infertile when compared with unilaterally cryptorchid men and the general male population. Approximately 10% of infertile men have a history of cryptorchidism and orchidopexy. The main reasons for infertility in men with a history of cryptorchidism treated by orchidopexy are maldevelopment of the testes and an improper environment for the normal development of the testes, hyperthermia, and antisperm antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fawzy
authors.affiliation: Student, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Resident, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa Mahmoud
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.affiliation: Student, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Mahmoud
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El Kashash
authors.affiliation: Professor of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hosni Khairy
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Salem
keywords: cryptorchidism; fertility; orchidopexy; undescended testis