title: Effect of mitochondrial potassium channel on the renal protection mediated by sodium thiosulfate against ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is clinically reported to be a promising drug in preventing nephrolithiasis. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial KATP channel in the renal protection mediated by STS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nephrolithiasis was induced in Wistar rats by administrating 0.4% ethylene glycol (EG) along with 1% ammonium chloride for one week in drinking water followed by only 0.75% EG for two weeks. Treatment groups received STS, mitochondrial KATP channel opener and closer exclusively or in combination with STS for two weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals treated with STS showed normal renal tissue architecture, supported by near normal serum creatinine, urea and ALP activity. Diazoxide (mitochondria KATP channel opening) treatment to the animal also showed normal renal tissue histology and improved serum chemistry. However, an opposite result was shown by glibenclamide (mitochondria KATP channel closer) treated rats. STS administered along with diazoxide negated the renal protection rendered by diazoxide alone, while it imparted protection to the glibenclamide treated rats, formulating a mitochondria modulated STS action.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirmed that STS render renal protection not only through chelation and antioxidant effect but also by modulating the mitochondrial KATP channel for preventing urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baldev
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Prabu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.|Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurian Gino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013885:Thiosulfates; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; C017717:sodium thiosulfate