title: Sphingosine Kinase 1 urothelial expression is increased in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.
abstract: To evaluate the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPK1) in the bladder wall in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and its association with clinical, urodynamic and pathological features.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of SPK1 was studied in bladder wall specimens obtained from cystectomy using immunohistochemistry in ten patients with spinal cord injury (n=8) or multiple sclerosis (n=2) with urodynamically proven neuropathic bladder dysfunction, and in controls (n=5). Inflammation and fibrosis were analysed with histological criteria and SPK1 expression was determined by individual immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increased SPK1 urothelial immunoreactivity was shown in patients compared to control group (p=0.03). By contrast, SPK1 immunoreactivity in patients was significantly decreased in the sub-urothelium, muscles and nerves, p=0.02; 0.01 and 0.003, respectively. Patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) had higher SPK1 urothelium expression than those without any DO (p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPK1 is expressed in the human bladder wall, specifically the urothelium, in bladder specimens from patients with NDO. The role of SPK1 in the pathophysiology of NDO needs further elucidation.
authors.affiliation: Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ballouhey
authors.affiliation: Department of Uro-Neurology, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jalesh N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Panicker
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Anatomo-pathologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazerolles
authors.affiliation: INSERM I2MC UMR1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France 1 Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roumiguie
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Anatomo-pathologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Falek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.affiliation: Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.|INSERM I2MC UMR1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France 1 Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rischmann
authors.affiliation: Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.|INSERM I2MC UMR1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France 1 Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malavaud
authors.affiliation: Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.|INSERM I2MC UMR1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France 1 Departement d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Game
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014563:Urodynamics; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase