title: Biological and Bioelectrochemical Recovery of Critical and Scarce Metals.
abstract: Metal-bearing solid and liquid wastes are increasingly considered as secondary sources of critical and scarce metals. Undoubtedly, microorganisms are a cost-effective resource for extracting and concentrating diffuse elements from secondary sources. Microbial biotechnology for extracting base metals from ores and treatment of metal-laden wastewaters has already been applied at full scale. By contrast, microbe-metal interactions in the recovery of scarce metals and a few critical metals have received attention, whereas the recovery of many others has been barely explored. Therefore, this article explores and details the potential application of microbial biotechnologies in the recovery of critical and scarce metals. In the past decade bioelectrochemical systems have emerged as a new technology platform for metal recovery coupled to the removal of organic matter.
authors.affiliation: Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division (WSCD), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering (IHE) Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, DA 2601, The Netherlands. Electronic address: venkatany@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Y V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Nancharaiah
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors.forename: S Venkata
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering (IHE) Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, DA 2601, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 541, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: P N L
authors.initials: PNL
authors.lastname: Lens
mesh_terms: D001669:Biochemical Phenomena; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D008670:Metals / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: bioelectrochemical systems; biomining; bioprecipitation; biorecovery; critical metals; microbial fuel cells; platinum group metals; rare earth elements