title: Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: Herbal medicines with high amounts of phytochemicals have been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP), endothelial function and anthropometric measures. This study aimed to determine the effect of herbal treatment on BP, endothelial function and anthropometric measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This clinical trial included 204 T2DM patients randomly assigned to four intervention groups receiving 3 g cinnamon, 3 g cardamom, 1 g saffron or 3 g ginger with three glasses of black tea, and one control group consuming only three glasses of tea without any herbals, for 8 weeks. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), systolic and diastolic BP and anthropometric measures were collected at baseline and after 8 weeks. No significant difference was found between various medicinal plants in terms of influencing BP, serum soluble (s)ICAM-1 concentrations and anthropometric measures. However, in within-group comparison saffron and ginger intakes significantly reduced sICAM-1 concentrations (340.9 ± 14.4 vs 339.69 ± 14.4 ng/ml, p = 0.01, and 391.78 ± 16.0 vs 390.97 ± 15.8 ng/ml, p = 0.009, respectively) and ginger intake affected systolic BP (143.06 ± 0.2 vs 142.07 ± 0.2 mmHg, p = 0.02). Although administration of these herbal medicines as supplementary remedies could affect BP and sICAM-1 concentrations, there was no significant difference between the plants in terms of influencing anthropometric measures, BP and endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science ;
authors.forename: Paria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science ;
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghiasvand
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health , Isfahan University of Medical Science , Isfahan , Iran ;
authors.forename: Awat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feizi
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science ;
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science ;
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahreynian
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science ;
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hariri
authors.affiliation: d Populations and Social Health Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine , Griffith University , Australia.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khosravi-Boroujeni
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry; D027622:Crocus / Q000737:chemistry; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D028523:Elettaria / Q000737:chemistry; D004727:Endothelium / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Blood pressure; diabetes mellitus type 2; endothelial function; herbal