title: The real-world evidence of heart failure: findings from 41 413 patients of the ARNO database.
abstract: Patients with heart failure (HF) randomized in controlled trials are generally selected and do not fully represent the 'real world'. The purpose of this study is to better describe the characteristics of HF by analysing administrative data of a population of nearly 2 500 000 subjects.
  
  
  
  Data came from the ARNO Observatory including inhabitants of five Local Health Units of the Italian National Health Service (INHS). Patients were selected when discharged for HF (1 January 2008-31 December 2012) and prescribed at least one HF treatment. Clinical characteristics, pharmacological treatments, rehospitalization, and direct costs for the INHS were described during 1-year follow-up (FU). Of the 2 456 739 subjects included in the database, 54 059 (2.2%) were hospitalized for HF: 41 413 were discharged alive and prescribed HF treatments. Mean age was 78 ± 11 years and 51.4% were females. Just 26.6% were managed in a cardiology setting. The most frequent co-morbidities were diabetes (30.7%), COPD (30.5%), and depression (21%). ACE inhibitors/ARBs, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid antagonists were prescribed in 65.8, 49.7, and 42.1% of patients, respectively. During 1-year FU, at least one rehospitalization occurred in 56.6% of patients, 49% of them due to non-cardiovascular causes. The direct cost per patient per year to the INHS was €11 867, of which 76% was related to hospitalizations.
  
  
  
  Real-world evidence provides a description of patient characteristics and treatment patterns that are different from those reported by randomized clinical trials. Costs for the INHS are mainly driven by hospitalizations, which are often due to non-cardiovascular reasons.
authors.affiliation: ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.affiliation: ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy.|Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Department of Geriatrics, Section of Geriatric Medicine and Cardiology, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orso
authors.affiliation: CORE, Collaborative Outcome Research, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calabria
authors.affiliation: CINECA Interuniversity Consortium, Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: CINECA Interuniversity Consortium, Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cinconze
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Department of Heart and Vessel, Section Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Samuele
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldasseroni
authors.affiliation: Accademia Nazionale di Medicina, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nello
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martini
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
keywords: Heart failure; Pharmacological management; Real-world registries