title: Effect of Supplementing Organic Forms of Zinc, Selenium and Chromium on Performance, Anti-Oxidant and Immune Responses in Broiler Chicken Reared in Tropical Summer.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) on performance, anti-oxidant activities and immune responses in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age, which were reared in cyclic heat-stressed condition under tropical summer in open-sided poultry house. A total of 200 (experiment I) and 450-day-old (experiment II) broiler male chicks (Cobb 400) were randomly distributed in stainless steel battery brooders (610 mm × 762 mm × 475 mm) at the rate of five birds per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based control diet (CD) containing recommended (Vencobb 400, Broiler Management Guide) concentrations of inorganic trace minerals and other nutrients was prepared. The CD was supplemented individually with organic form of selenium (Se, 0.30 mg/kg), chromium (Cr, 2 mg/kg) and zinc (Zn, 40 mg/kg) in experiment I. In experiment II, two concentrations of each Zn (20 and 40 mg/kg), Se (0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg) and Cr (1 and 2 mg/kg) were supplemented to the basal diet in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. A group without supplementing inorganic trace minerals was maintained as control group in both experiments. Each diet was allotted randomly to ten replicates in both experiments and fed ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. At 19th day of age, blood samples were collected for estimation of anti-oxidant and immune responses. Supplementation of Se, Cr and Zn increased (P < 0.05) body mass gain (BMG) and feed intake compared to those fed the CD in experiment I. The feed efficiency (FE) in Cr-fed group was higher (P < 0.05) compared to the CD-fed group. Se or Cr supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation (LP) compared to broilers fed the CD. In experiment II, BMG was not affected (P > 0.05) by the interaction between levels of Zn, Se and Cr in broiler diet. The FE improved (P < 0.05) with supplementation of the trace minerals tested at both concentrations except in group fed 40 mg Zn, 0.5 mg Se and 1 mg Cr/kg. Reduction in lipid peroxidation (LP, P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) activity of superoxide dismutase were observed in broiler fed organic Zn, Se and Cr compared to the CD-fed group. The dietary concentrations of Zn, Se and Cr did not influence (P > 0.05) the immune responses (Newcastle disease titre and cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin-P) in both the experiments. Based on the results, it is concluded that supplementation of organic form of Se, Cr and Zn (0.30, 2 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) either alone or in combination significantly improved performance and anti-oxidant responses (reduced LP and increased superoxide dismutase) in commercial broiler chicks (21 days of age) reared in cyclic heat stress conditions in open-sided poultry house during summer.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India. svramarao1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S V Rama
authors.initials: SVR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
authors.forename: M V L N
authors.initials: MVLN
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
authors.forename: E Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: EPK
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008297:Male; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology; D012621:Seasons; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; C028784:phytohemagglutinin-P; D002857:Chromium; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Anti-oxidant status; Broilers; Heat stress; Immune responses; Organic mineral; Performance