title: Expression of Proinflammatory Factors, Proangiogenic Factors and Endostatin in Patients with Heart Failure and Different Grades of Collateral Circulation Development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The process of collateral vessel maturation is stimulated by numerous factors affecting the endothelium and smooth muscle cells building the vessel wall. Looking for arteriogenesis stimulating factors means looking for a potential innovative heart failure treatment method in the patients unresponsive to traditional therapies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6, growth factors FGF (FGFa, FGFb, FGFbH), HGF, VEGF and endostatin in heart failure patients in relation to the coronary collaterals development stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 22 patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II or III (mean age 62.5 ± 11.6 years) and 8 control patients (mean age 58.4 ± 10.7 years). Coronary angiography was performed and the presence and grade of collateral circulation was assessed by a four-level scale proposed by Rentrop and Cohen. The level of the studied factors was determined in the blood samples collected during the angiographic procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher in the heart failure patients than in the control group (p < 0.001) and in NYHA III vs. NYHA II patients (p < 0.02). Patients with heart failure and collaterals grade 1 or 2 exhibited higher serum concentrations of FGFbH (from p < 0.03 to p < 0.01). The serum VEGF level in NYHA III patients was significantly higher than in NYHA II individuals (from p < 0.03 to p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of IL-6 and FGFbH were observed in patients with heart failure. Collaterals formation seems to be associated with the activation of pro-inflammatory factors, growth factors and endostatin.
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobusiak-Prokopowicz
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jołda-Mydłowska
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grzebieniak
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Początek
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mysiak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D043169:Endostatins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D043169:Endostatins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2