title: Electromembrane extraction for the determination of parabens in water samples.
abstract: To our knowledge, for the first time an electromembrane extraction combined with a high-performance liquid chromatography procedure using diode-array detection has been developed for the determination of five of the most widely used parabens: ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. Parabens were extracted from pH 4 aqueous sample solutions with use of an Accurel® S6/2 polypropylene hollow fiber that supports a liquid membrane of 1-octanol to a pH 12 aqueous acceptor solution placed inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. An electric current of 30 V was applied over the supported liquid membrane by means of platinum wires placed in the donor and acceptor phases. Parabens were extracted in 40 min with enrichment factors in the 30-49 range. The procedure has detection limits between 0.98 and 1.43 μg L(-1). The method was applied to the determination of parabens in surface environmental waters with excellent results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla, c/ Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villar-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla, c/ Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: María Del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Moreno-Carballo
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla, c/ Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.|Research Centre of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007, Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Rut
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla, c/ Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callejón-Mochón
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla, c/ Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain. mabello@us.es.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Bello-López
keywords: Electromembrane extraction; Parabens; Polypropylene hollow fiber; Water samples