title: Association between knowledge about levonorgestrel emergency contraception and the risk of ectopic pregnancy following levonorgestrel emergency contraception failure: a comparative survey.
abstract: To study the association between knowledge about levonorgestrel emergency contraception (LNG-EC) and the risk of ectopic pregnancy (EP) following LNG-EC failure.
  
  
  
  This study included 600 women who had visited the hospital with LNG-EC failure. Of these, 300 with EP and 300 with intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) were recruited to the EP group and IUP group respectively. The participants were interviewed face-to-face using a standardized questionnaire.
  
  
  
  Pearson's chi-square tests and t-test were used to compare the sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive and gynecological history, surgical history, previous contraceptive experience, and answers to 10 questions concerning the knowledge about LNG-EC.
  
  
  
  Those who gave incorrect answers to the question regarding the basic mechanism and specific method of levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive pills (LNG-ECPs) were at a higher risk of EP after LNG-EC failure. Women who did not strictly follow instructions or advice from healthcare professionals were more likely to subsequently experience EP (p < 10(-4) ). Women with LNG-EC failure reported friends/peers, TV, and Internet as the main sources of information. No difference was observed with regard to the sources of knowledge on LNG-EC (p = 0.07).
  
  
  
  The results illustrate the importance of strictly following the doctor's guidance or drug instructions when using LNG-ECPs. The media should be used to disseminate information about responsible EC, and pharmacy staff should receive regular educational training sessions in this regard. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.|Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.|Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Xing
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.|Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.|Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.|Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Hong
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.|Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044363:Contraception, Postcoital / Q000379:methods*; D003281:Contraceptives, Postcoital / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003281:Contraceptives, Postcoital; D016912:Levonorgestrel
keywords: contraceptive failure; ectopic pregnancy; emergency contraception; knowledge; levonorgestrel; pharmacoepidemiology