title: Serum interleukin -8 is not a reliable marker for prediction of vesicoureteral reflux in children with febrile urinary tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In view of the side effects of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), identification of noninvasive markers predicting the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is important. This study was conducted to determine the predictive value of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) in diagnosis of VUR in children with first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty children with first febrile UTI were divided into two groups, with and without VUR, based on the results of VCUG .The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value positive and negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy of IL-8 for prediction of VUR were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 80 children with febrile UTI, 30 (37.5%) had VUR. There was no significant difference between the children with and without VUR and also between low and high-grade VUR groups in terms of serum concentration of IL-8 (P>0.05). Based on ROC curve, the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio positive, and accuracy of serum IL-8 was lower than those of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant positive correlation only between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and VUR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed no significant difference between the children with and without VUR in terms of the serum concentration of IL-8. Therefore, it seems that serum IL-8 is not a reliable marker for prediction of VUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Qazvin Children hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahyar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Qazvin Children hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ayazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Qazvin Children hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yarigarravesh
authors.affiliation: Qazvin Children hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khoeiniha
authors.affiliation: Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oveisi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory department of Qazvin Children hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sahmani
authors.affiliation: Department of statistics, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esmaeily
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D002097:C-Reactive Protein