title: Effect of time-dependent cryotherapy on redox balance of quadriceps injuries.
abstract: Muscle trauma represents a high number of injuries in professional sport and recreation and may occur through several mechanisms. This study aims at analyzing time-dependent effects of cryotherapy on the redox balance in lesioned quadriceps muscles in F1 mice. Twenty male F1 mice were divided into five groups: (a) animals were not subjected to muscle lesioning or treatment (CTR); (b) quadriceps muscle was lesioned without treatment (L); (c) quadriceps muscle was lesioned and treated with cryotherapy for 5 min (LC5); (d) quadriceps muscle was lesioned and treated with cryotherapy for 20 min (LC20); and quadriceps muscle was lesioned and treated with cryotherapy for 40 min (LC40). The mice were euthanized; the quadriceps muscles were collected and subjected to analyses for levels of protein, hydroperoxides, nitrite, catalase (CAT) activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Protein levels were reduced in L (-39%; p < 0.05), LC5 (-54%; p < 0.05), LC20 (-40%; p < 0.05) and LC40 (-50%; p < 0.05) compared to CTR. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation in L (158%; p < 0.05), LC5 (300%; p < 0.01), LC20 (292%; p < 0.01) and LC40 (362%; p < 0.01) compared to CTR. We observed a significant increase in CAT activity in L (164%; p < 0.05) and LC5 (193%; p < 0.01) compared to CTR; a significant reduction in GSH in L (-60%; p < 0.05) and LC20 (-61%; p < 0.05) compared to CTR; and a significant increase in GSSG in LC5 (171%; p < 0.05) compared to CTR. In addition, GSH/GSSG was reduced in L (-89%; p < 0.01), LC5 (-95%; p < 0.01), LC20 (-59%; p < 0.05), and LC40 (-82%; p < 0.01) compared to CTR. This study showed that the cryotherapy does not improve the oxidative stress in lesioned muscles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomorphology and Experimental Pathology, Severino Sombra University, Vassouras, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio dos Santos
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomorphology and Experimental Pathology, Severino Sombra University, Vassouras, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taiara Ramos de
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomorphology and Experimental Pathology, Severino Sombra University, Vassouras, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Cristina Marques Barros da
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomorphology and Experimental Pathology, Severino Sombra University, Vassouras, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lennon Rafael Guedine de
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.affiliation: Tissue Repair Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Alexsandra da
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomorphology and Experimental Pathology, Severino Sombra University, Vassouras, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Tavares Lima
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Trajano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: frank@iceb.ufop.br.
authors.forename: Frank Silva
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Bezerra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D002374:Catalase; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
keywords: Cryotherapy; Muscle; Oxidative stress