title: Clinical practice guidelines for oral management of Sjögren disease: Dental caries prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salivary dysfunction in Sjögren disease can lead to serious and costly oral health complications. Clinical practice guidelines for caries prevention in Sjögren disease were developed to improve quality and consistency of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national panel of experts devised clinical questions in a Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes format and included use of fluoride, salivary stimulants, antimicrobial agents, and nonfluoride remineralizing agents. The panel conducted a systematic search of the literature according to pre-established parameters. At least 2 members extracted the data, and the panel rated the strength of the recommendations by using a variation of grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation. After a Delphi consensus panel was conducted, the experts finalized the recommendations, with a minimum of 75% agreement required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Final recommendations for patients with Sjögren disease with dry mouth were as follows: topical fluoride should be used in all patients (strong); although no study results link improved salivary flow to caries prevention, the oral health community generally accepts that increasing saliva may contribute to decreased caries incidence, so increasing saliva through gustatory, masticatory, or pharmaceutical stimulation may be considered (weak); chlorhexidine administered as varnish, gel, or rinse may be considered (weak); and nonfluoride remineralizing agents may be considered as an adjunct therapy (moderate).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of caries in patients with Sjögren disease can be reduced with the use of topical fluoride and other preventive strategies.
authors.forename: Domenick T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Zero
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Troy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papas
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Ibtisam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Hashimi
authors.forename: Mahvash
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navazesh
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rhodus
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sciubba
authors.forename: Mabi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ava J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frantsve-Hawley
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Theresa Lawrence
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Frederick B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Vivino
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hammitt
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003729:Dental Care / Q000592:standards; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Sjögren syndrome; antimicrobial; fluoride; practice guidelines; remineralization; salivary flow; xerostomia