title: White Coat Adherence in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Who Use Insulin Pumps.
abstract: The purpose was to assess the occurrence of white coat adherence, defined as an increase in adherence to treatment regimens prior to a clinic appointment, in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who use insulin pumps.
  
  
  
  Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) data, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered were downloaded from the insulin pumps of children and adolescents, aged 7-19 years with T1D, at 2 consecutive routine diabetes clinic visits. Linear mixed models were used to analyze patterns of BGM, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered in patients who had ≥28 days of data stored in their insulin pumps.
  
  
  
  In general, younger children engaged in more frequent BGM, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered than older children and adolescents. White coat adherence occurred with frequency of BGM, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered, but only in younger children.
  
  
  
  Diabetes care providers need to be aware that white coat adherence may occur, particularly in young children. Providers routinely download meter and insulin pump data for the 1- to 2-week period before the clinic visit. For patients exhibiting white coat adherence, their data will overestimate the patient's actual adherence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA kimberly.driscoll@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Yuxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bennett Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Haley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Katelyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willbur
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Larry C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Deeb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: adherence; adolescents; blood glucose; carbohydrate inputs; children; insulin bolusing