title: Association of Butyrylcholinesterase-K Allele and Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 Allele with Cognitive Decline in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A common polymorphism of the butyrylcholinesterase gene, the K-variant (BCHE-K) is associated with reduced butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. Insufficient studies exist regarding the frequency and role of BCHE-K in dementias.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association of BCHE-K and APOEɛ4 with diagnosis and rate of cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA from 368 subjects (108 AD, 174 DLB, and 86 controls) from two routine clinical cohort studies in Norway; DemVest and TrønderBrain, were genotyped for BCHE-K and APOEɛ4. The mild dementia DemVest subjects received annual Mini-Mental State Examination assessments for five years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BCHE-K frequency was lower in DLB (33.9% ; p <  0.01) than in control subjects (51.2%), and was numerically lower in AD as well (38.9% ; p = 0.11). More rapid cognitive decline was associated with the APOEɛ4 genotype, but not with the BCHE-K genotype. In an exploratory analysis of patients who completed all five follow-up visits, there was greater cognitive decline in BCHE-K carriers in the presence of the APOEɛ4 allele than in the absence of these polymorphisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BCHE-K is associated with a reduced risk for AD and DLB whereas APOEɛ4 is associated with more rapid cognitive decline. The greater cognitive decline in individuals with both APOEɛ4 and BCHE-K alleles require prospective confirmation in well-controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alzheimer Research,Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Center for Age Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Swetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
authors.affiliation: Center for Alzheimer Research,Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Taher
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darreh-Shori
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Arvid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rongve
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Guro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Sigrid B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sando
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Linda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.|Research Department, Stavanger University hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Auestad
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Oslo/Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Aree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witoelar
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Oslo/Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ole A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Andreassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Norwegian Center for Aging and Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingun D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Ulstein
authors.affiliation: Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Center for Age Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aarsland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Apolipoprotein E genotype; Mini-Mental State Examination; butyrylcholinesterase-K; cognition; dementia