title: Encoding and decoding time in neural development.
abstract: The development of a multicellular organism involves time-dependent changes in molecular and cellular states; therefore 'time' is an indispensable mathematical parameter of ontogenesis. Regardless of their inextricable relationship, there is a limited number of events for which the output of developmental phenomena primarily uses temporal cues that are generated through multilevel interactions between molecules, cells, and tissues. In this review, we focus on neural stem cells, which serve as a faithful decoder of temporal cues to transmit biological information and generate specific output in the developing nervous system. We further explore the identity of the temporal information that is encoded in neural development, and how this information is decoded into various cellular fate decisions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Tien-Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.|Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: cell cycle; neural stem cell; temporal code; timing; transcriptional network