title: Efficient biodegradation of chlorophenols in aqueous phase by magnetically immobilized aniline-degrading Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlorophenols are environmental contaminants, which are highly toxic to living beings due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic properties. Bacterial degradation has been considered a cost-effective and eco-friendly method of removing chlorophenols, compared to the traditional physical-chemical processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we first developed an efficient process for the biodegradation of chlorophenols by magnetically immobilized Rhodococcus rhodochrous cells. R. rhodochrous DSM6263 degrades chlorophenols following the first step of hydroxylation at the ortho-positions of chlorophenolic rings. The cells immobilized by k-carrageenan with 9 g/L Fe3O4 nanoparticles could efficiently degrade 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol and their mixture, which were even higher than those by free cells. The magnetically nanoparticle-immobilized cells could be used at least for six cycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the much easier separation by an external magnetic field and high degradation efficiency, this study provides a promising technique for improving biocatalysts used in the bioremediation process for chlorophenols in wastewater.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China. houjf@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China. feixia0909@126.com.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China. feixia0909@126.com.
authors.forename: Feixia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 920223245@qq.com.|College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Yuhua, 050024, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China. 920223245@qq.com.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Yuhua, 050024, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China. jujiansong@126.com.
authors.forename: Jiansong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China. yub@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D002351:Carrageenan; D002733:Chlorophenols; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D062065:Wastewater; C023650:aniline