title: Heart failure and sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep-disordered breathing, which includes both obstructive and central sleep apnoea (OSA and CSA, respectively), is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure. In this review, we outline our current understanding of the bidirectional relationship between these disorders and heart failure. We also explore the role of recent advances in therapeutics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although early studies suggest promise of adaptive servoventilation in treating sleep-disordered breathing, particularly CSA with associated Cheyne-Stokes respiration, the recent clinical trial in the heart failure patient population has demonstrated worse cardiovascular outcome in symptomatic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both OSA and CSA are highly prevalent in patients with heart failure. Effective treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure can improve cardiovascular outcome in these patients. However, recent evidence suggests that adaptive servoventilation cannot be safely recommended as a therapy for CSA in the context of heart failure, as a result of increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Haissam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy