title: Understanding Biofilms in Chronic Sinusitis.
abstract: Chronic sinusitis is a burdensome disease that has substantial individual and societal impact. Although great advances in medical and surgical therapies have been made, some patients continue to have recalcitrant infections. Microbial biofilms have been implicated as a cause of recalcitrant chronic sinusitis, and recent studies have tried to better understand the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis as it relates to microbial biofilms. Here, we provide an overview of biofilms in chronic sinusitis with emphasis on pathogenesis, treatment, and future directions. In addition, recent evidence is presented, elucidating the role of bitter taste receptors as a possible key factor leading to biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5th Floor Silverstein Bldg., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. bobby.tajudeen@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Bobby A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tajudeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5th Floor Silverstein Bldg., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. joseph.schwartz@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5th Floor Silverstein Bldg., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. james.palmer@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Biofilms; Bitter taste receptors; Chronic sinusitis; Innate immunity; Sinus surgery; T2R38