title: Chemoreduction of Progressive Intraocular Retinoblastoma by Systemic Topotecan.
abstract: To evaluate our experience with systemic Toptecan (TPT) chemotherapy as a second-line systemic chemotherapeutic regimen for treatment of refractory or recurrent intraocular retinoblastoma (RB).
  
  
  
  A retrospective case series of 14 eyes from patients with intraocular RB who received systemic TPT as second-line chemotherapy from April 2008 until June 2010. The following data were collected: patient demographics, laterality, international intraocular retinoblastoma stage (ICRB) at diagnosis, treatment received before and after TPT, side effects related to TPT, eye salvage, and survival.
  
  
  
  The median age at diagnosis was 5 months (range, 1-16 months), and the median age at starting TPT was 10 months (range, 8-24 months). There were 6 (60%) females and 9 (90%) patients; all with bilateral retinoblastoma. The median number of TPT cycles was three per patient (range, 1-6), and the total number of administered cycles was 29. After TPT therapy; 4 (29%) eyes showed favorable response, 3 (21%) eyes showed minimal regression, 5 (36%) eyes had stable disease, and 2 (14%) eyes showed tumor progression. At a median follow-up of 48 months; 9 (64%) eyes were salvaged, 3 (21%) eyes received radiation therapy, and 3 (21%) eyes were enucleated (one was post radiation). Grade 3/4 neutropenia were noticed in a total of 59% of given cycles and admission for febrile neutropenia was required after seven cycles.
  
  
  
  Our report suggests that systemic TPT chemotherapy could be used as a salvage second-line regimen with low toxicity for patients with progressive intraocular retinoblastoma if systemic therapy is needed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatric Oncology , King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) , Amman , Jordan .
authors.forename: Iyad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatric Oncology , King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) , Amman , Jordan .
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hajja
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) , King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) , Amman , Jordan , and.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nawaiseh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) , King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) , Amman , Jordan , and.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehyar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatric Oncology , King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) , Amman , Jordan .
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deebajah
authors.affiliation: c Department of Radiotherapy , King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) , Amman , Jordan.
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jaradat
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) , King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) , Amman , Jordan , and.
authors.forename: Yacoub A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Yousef
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019772:Topotecan / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D019772:Topotecan
keywords: Chemotherapy; enucleation; intraocular; retinoblastoma; salvage; topotecan