title: Epigenetic Pattern on the Human Y Chromosome Is Evolutionarily Conserved.
abstract: DNA methylation plays an important role for mammalian development. However, it is unclear whether the DNA methylation pattern is evolutionarily conserved. The Y chromosome serves as a powerful tool for the study of human evolution because it is transferred between males. In this study, based on deep-rooted pedigrees and the latest Y chromosome phylogenetic tree, we performed epigenetic pattern analysis of the Y chromosome from 72 donors. By comparing their respective DNA methylation level, we found that the DNA methylation pattern on the Y chromosome was stable among family members and haplogroups. Interestingly, two haplogroup-specific methylation sites were found, which were both genotype-dependent. Moreover, the African and Asian samples also had similar DNA methylation pattern with a remote divergence time. Our findings indicated that the DNA methylation pattern on the Y chromosome was conservative during human male history.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science & Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ikechukwu O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Agbagwa
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Xiang
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yingzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Shancheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yinghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.|Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005190:Family; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D013997:Time Factors