title: QuEChERS sample preparation prior to LC-MS/MS determination of opiates, amphetamines, and cocaine metabolites in whole blood.
abstract: Modern LC-MS/MS instruments have sensitivity and scanning velocity high enough to analyze many different compounds in single runs. Consequently, the sample preparation procedure has become the bottleneck for developing efficient, rapid, and cheap multi-compound methods. Here, we examined one-step sample preparation based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) salts to set up and validate a LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 35 drugs of abuse and their metabolites in whole blood. Despite large differences in physicochemical properties, this simplified QuEChERS extraction method yielded satisfactory recoveries (until 96%) for the 35 molecules. The amounts of QuEChERS salts had no influence on extraction yield. Chromatographic separation was obtained in less than 6 min. LLOD and LLOQ were 3 and 5 ng/mL, respectively. The procedure was successfully validated and then applied to 253 cases of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID), collected over a 6-month period.
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, 2 Ave Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dulaurent
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, 2 Ave Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Souleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El Balkhi
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, 2 Ave Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Lauranne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poncelet
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, 2 Ave Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaulier
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, 2 Ave Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.|Université Limoges, UMR_S 850, 87000, Limoges, France.|INSERM, U850, 87000, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marquet
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, 2 Ave Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France. franck.saint-marcoux@unilim.fr.|Université Limoges, UMR_S 850, 87000, Limoges, France. franck.saint-marcoux@unilim.fr.|INSERM, U850, 87000, Limoges, France. franck.saint-marcoux@unilim.fr.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saint-Marcoux
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Drugs of abuse; Mass spectrometry; QuEChERS