title: Prenatal and familial factors of caries in first permanent molars in schoolchildren living in urban area of Łódź, Poland.
abstract: The objective of the present work is to identify the set of prenatal and familial factors that contribute to dental caries of first permanent molars in preschool and young schoolchildren, which will make it possible to determine a high-risk group that should be considered for special preventive measures. This study contributes to the evidence for the multifactorial nature of dental caries. Material was collected during a 2009-2010 study conducted in randomly selected schools and kindergartens in the city of Łódź (Poland). Only children with first permanent molars present were considered for the analysis, which limited the database to 1131 children. Dental examinations were accompanied by a questionnaire completed by the parents, covering items pertaining to prenatal and familial determinants. The present study shows that there are significant differences in the prevalence of caries in first molars between children of different ages (5-13 lat) and that no such differences exist between boys and girls. The prenatal and familial factors conducive to caries include maternal education level (OR=0.55), mode of delivery (OR=0.63) and birth order (OR=0.63). Mothers' smoking habit is also associated with increased caries prevalence in children. Caries prevention should already begin during the prenatal period primarily in respect of mothers with lower educational attainment who are pregnant with a second or subsequent child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland. Electronic address: borosia@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borowska-Strugińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Żądzińska
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruzda-Zwiech
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Filipińska
authors.affiliation: Teaching Hospital No. 6, Dental Institute in Łódź, Department of Pedodontics, 92-213 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lubowiecka-Gontarek
authors.affiliation: Teaching Hospital No. 6, Dental Institute in Łódź, Department of Pedodontics, 92-213 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szydłowska-Walendowska
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wochna-Sobańska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects