title: [BIOMECHANICAL STUDY ON SUTURE WITH NECKWEAR-KNOT-LOOP-LIGATURE FOR TIBIAL EMINENCE AVULSION FRACTURES].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the biomechanical stability of neckwear-knot-loop-ligature fixation for tibial eminence avulsion fractures by comparing with cannulated screw fixation and suture anchor fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four fresh porcine knee joints were selected. After the model of tibial eminence avulsion fracture (type III) was made, 24 samples were randomly divided into 3 groups: neckwear-knot-loop-ligature group (group A), cannulated screw group (group B), and suture anchor group (group C), 8 samples in each group. The Universal electromagnetic and mechanical testing machines were used for the biomechanical tests. After 200 cyclic tests, pull-out test was done until fixation failure. The maximum failure load, yield load, stiffness, and displacement were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Failure mode: the displacement was beyond limit in 8 samples of group A; screws extraction (5 samples) and bone fragment re-fracture (3 samples) were observed in group B; and suture anchor extraction (4 samples), suture rupture (3 samples), and suture thread cutting (1 sample) were found in group C. Biomechanical test: From groups A to C, the maximum failure load and yield load showed significant decreasing tendency (P<0.05), but the displacements showed significant increasing tendency (P<0.05). The stiffness also gradually decreased, but differences was not significant (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with cannulated screw and suture anchor, neckwear-knot-loop-ligature fixation for tibial eminence avulsion fracture has good biomechanical performance and the advantages of firm fixation and simple operation.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xuezhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Bangtuo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Juanli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007719:Knee Joint; D008026:Ligation; D053441:Suture Anchors; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013537:Sutures; D013552:Swine; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery*