title: Degradation properties and identification of metabolites of 6-Cl-PMNI in soil and water.
abstract: In order to provide the scientific basis for the environmental risk assessment of cycloxaprid and 6-Cl-PMNI (intermediate of cycloxaprid), the degradation properties of 6-Cl-PMNI in aerobic, anaerobic and/or sterile soil, as well as in water with different pH values at different temperature were explored under laboratory conditions using HPLC for its kinetics study and UPLC-MS/MS for the identification of its metabolites/degradation products. Fortification study showed that the recoveries of 71.4-100.5% with the maximum coefficient variation (CV) of 7.47% were obtained. The linear range was 0.1-10 mg/L with the good linearity of R(2) = 0.9990. For standard, the method LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantification) was 0.03 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Results demonstrated the good performance of the developed method. Kinetics study indicated that the degradation half-lives (t0.5) in pH 3-pH 10 buffers varied from 111.8 d to 288.8 d at 25 °C but rapidly shortened to 1.6-25.7 d at 70 °C. Good negative linear ships (R(2) ≥ 0.8423) between half life and temperature were found. 6-Cl-PMNI could be readily degraded in non-sterile soil (t0.5 0.8-7.5 d) while slowly degraded in sterile soil (t0.5 64.8-91.2 d). Three hydrolytic products and one metabolite of 6-Cl-PMNI in aerobic soil were identified. The CC olefinic bond reacted with H2O by Markovnikov Additive Reaction and the split of C-Cl were mainly proposed as the possible reaction pathway for 6-Cl-PMNI degradation in water and in soil, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Yihu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China. Electronic address: guiwj@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Guonian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006207:Half-Life; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D011725:Pyridines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D007306:Insecticides; D011725:Pyridines; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C583366:cycloxaprid
keywords: 6-Cl-PMNI; Degradation half life; Metabolite; Soil; Water