title: Magnetic forces and magnetized biomaterials provide dynamic flux information during bone regeneration.
abstract: The fascinating prospect to direct tissue regeneration by magnetic activation has been recently explored. In this study we investigate the possibility to boost bone regeneration in an experimental defect in rabbit femoral condyle by combining static magnetic fields and magnetic biomaterials. NdFeB permanent magnets are implanted close to biomimetic collagen/hydroxyapatite resorbable scaffolds magnetized according to two different protocols . Permanent magnet only or non-magnetic scaffolds are used as controls. Bone tissue regeneration is evaluated at 12 weeks from surgery from a histological, histomorphometric and biomechanical point of view. The reorganization of the magnetized collagen fibers under the effect of the static magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet produces a highly-peculiar bone pattern, with highly-interconnected trabeculae orthogonally oriented with respect to the magnetic field lines. In contrast, only partial defect healing is achieved within the control groups. We ascribe the peculiar bone regeneration to the transfer of micro-environmental information, mediated by collagen fibrils magnetized by magnetic nanoparticles, under the effect of the static magnetic field. These results open new perspectives on the possibility to improve implant fixation and control the morphology and maturity of regenerated bone providing "in site" forces by synergically combining static magnetic fields and biomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotechnologie (NABI), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. a.russo@biomec.ior.it.|Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. a.russo@biomec.ior.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotechnologie (NABI), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Biocompatibilità Innovazioni Tecnologiche e Terapie Avanzate (BITTA), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Biocompatibilità Innovazioni Tecnologiche e Terapie Avanzate (BITTA), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Annapaola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parrilli
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici (ISTEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panseri
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortolani
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici (ISTEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotechnologie (NABI), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Muscoloscheletrica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maltarello
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Biocompatibilità Innovazioni Tecnologiche e Terapie Avanzate (BITTA), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.|Laboratorio Studi Preclinici e Chirurgici, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giavaresi
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Biocompatibilità Innovazioni Tecnologiche e Terapie Avanzate (BITTA), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.|Laboratorio Studi Preclinici e Chirurgici, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.affiliation: Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dediu
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici (ISTEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tampieri
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotechnologie (NABI), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.|Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurilio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcacci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; D005269:Femur; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite