title: Chemical composition of PM10 and its in vitro toxicological impacts on lung cells during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) storms in Ahvaz, Iran.
abstract: Reports on the effects of PM10 from dust storm on lung cells are limited. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro toxicological impacts of PM10 suspensions, its water-soluble fraction, and the solvent-extractable organics extracted from Middle Eastern Dust storms on the human lung epithelial cell (A549). Samples of dust storms and normal days (PM10 < 200 μg m(-3)) were collected from December 2012 until June 2013 in Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan Province in Iran. The chemical composition and cytotoxicity were analyzed by ICP- OES and Lactase Dehydrogenase (LDH) reduction assay, respectively. The results showed that PM10 suspensions, their water-soluble fraction and solvent-extractable organics from both dust storm and normal days caused a decrease in the cell viability and an increase in LDH in supernatant in a dose-response manner. Although samples of normal days showed higher cytotoxicity than those of dust storm at the highest treated dosage, T Test showed no significant difference in cytotoxicity between normal days and dust event days (P value > 0.05). These results led to the conclusions that dust storm PM10 as well as normal day PM10 could lead to cytotoxicity, and the organic compounds (PAHs) and the insoluble particle-core might be the main contributors to cytotoxicity. Our results showed that cytotoxicity and the risk of PM10 to human lung may be more severe during dust storm than normal days due to inhalation of a higher mass concentration of airborne particles. Further research on PM dangerous fractions and the most responsible components to make cytotoxicity in exposed cells is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naimabadi
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghadiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Idani
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nadali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirmardi
authors.affiliation: Cancer, Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khodadadi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagherian
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Marzouni
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Kambiz Ahmadi
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ankali
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rouhizadeh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic address: ghgoodarzi@ajums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: A549; Ahvaz; Chemical composition; Cytotoxicity; Middle Eastern dust