title: Genomic organization and expression of insulin receptors in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus.
abstract: Insulin receptors have been demonstrated to be involved in embryogenesis, food intake regulation and glucose metabolism in several fish, while more researchis needed for further understanding. In this study, the complete coding sequence (CDS) of insulin receptor a (insra) gene and insulin receptor b (insrb) gene in grass carp were obtained, the CDS were 4068 bp and 4514 bp in length, encoding 1355 aa protein and 1351 aa protein. Both of insra and insrb in grass carp showed high amino acid identities with other fish. Insra and insrb genes were widely expressed in all tested tissues with an overlapping but distinct expressions. The high levels of insra mRNA were distributed in hindgut and heart tissues. The insrb gene showed the highest expression levels in liver and hindgut. We also proved that two forms of grass carp insulin receptors participate in the regulation of blood glucose and might act differently. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that different isoforms of fish insulin receptors are derived from two distinct genes, which was inconsistent with the generation of mammalian insulin receptors. Synteny analyses of insulin receptor genes showed that genes surrounding the insulin receptor genes were conserved in fish. Arhgef18, PEX11G, humanC19orf45 genes were highly conserved among mammal species. However, no conserved synteny was observed among fish, mammals, avians and amphibians.
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. Electronic address: xufang_liang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xu-fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Aixuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002347:Carps / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D002681:China; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D041741:Lower Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010802:Phylogeny; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D026801:Synteny
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D029941:Fish Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011972:Receptor, Insulin