title: Analisys of pectoralis major tendon in weightlifting athletes using ultrasonography and elastography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate tendinopathy of the pectoralis major muscle in weightlifting athletes using ultrasound and elastography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 20 patients, 10 with rupture of the pectoralis major muscle and 10 control patients. We evaluated pectoralis major muscle contralateral tendon with ultrasonographic and elastography examinations. The ultrasonographic examinations were performed using a high-resolution B mode ultrasound device. The elastography evaluation was classified into three patterns: (A), if stiff (more than 50% area with blue staining); (B), if intermediate (more than 50% green); and (C), if softened (more than 50% red).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' mean age was 33±5.3 years. The presence of tendinous injury measured by ultrasound had a significant different (p=0.0055), because 80% of cases had tendinous injury versus 10% in the Control Group. No significant differences were seen between groups related with change in elastography (p=0.1409).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term bodybuilders had ultrasound image with more tendinous injury than those in Control Group. There was no statistical significance regarding change in tendon elasticity compared with Control Group.
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto de Castro
authors.initials: Ade C
authors.lastname: Pochini
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Felipe Kin Ito
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Artur da Rocha Corrêa
authors.initials: Ada R
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andre Fukunishi
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Clemente de
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Moisés
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Vicente
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ejnisman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D055070:Resistance Training; D012421:Rupture; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000293:injuries*