title: Optimisation of the extraction and purification of chondroitin sulphate from head by-products of Prionace glauca by environmental friendly processes.
abstract: The goal of the present work was to optimise the different environmental friendly processes involved in the extraction and purification of chondroitin sulphate (CS) from Prionace glauca head wastes. The experimental development was based on second order rotatable designs and evaluated by response surface methodology combined with a previous kinetic approach. The sequential stages optimised were: (1) the enzymatic hydrolysis of head cartilage catalysed by alcalase (55.7 °C/pH 8.2); (2) the chemical treatment of enzyme hydrolysates by means of alkaline-hydroalcoholic saline solutions (NaOH: 0.54 M, EtOH: 1.17 v, NaCl: 2.5%) to end the protein hydrolysis and to precipitate and selectively redissolve CS versus the peptidic material and (3) the selective purification and concentration of CS and the concomitant protein permeation of extracts which were obtained from previous treatment using ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF-DF) technologies at two different cut-offs.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, Vigo 36208, Galicia, Spain. Electronic address: jvazquez@iim.csic.es.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, Vigo 36208, Galicia, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, Vigo 36208, Galicia, Spain; Grupo de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, Vigo 36208, Galicia, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fraguas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, Ourense 32004, Galicia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pastrana
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, Vigo 36208, Galicia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martín
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012754:Sharks; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: By-products upgrade; Cartilage P. glauca wastes; Chondroitin sulphate production; Process optimisation; Response surface methodology