title: Identification of structural and morphogenesis genes of Pseudoalteromonas phage φRIO-1 and placement within the evolutionary history of Podoviridae.
abstract: The virion proteins of Pseudoalteromonas phage φRIO-1 were identified and quantitated by mass spectrometry and gel densitometry. Bioinformatic methods customized to deal with extreme divergence defined a φRIO-1 tail structure homology group of phages, which was further related to T7 tail and internal virion proteins (IVPs). Similarly, homologs of tubular tail components and internal virion proteins were identified in essentially all completely sequenced podoviruses other than those in the subfamily Picovirinae. The podoviruses were subdivided into several tail structure homology groups, in addition to the RIO-1 and T7 groups. Molecular phylogeny indicated that these groups all arose about the same ancient time as the φRIO-1/T7 split. Hence, the T7-like infection mechanism involving the IVPs was an ancestral property of most podoviruses. The IVPs were found to variably host both tail lysozyme domains and domains destined for the cytoplasm, including the N4 virion RNA polymerase embedded within an IVP-D homolog.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. Electronic address: hardies@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hardies
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Microbial Oceanography Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Oceanography (RIO), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea. Electronic address: bccho@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byung C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017902:Podoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Bacteriophage; Podoviruses; Virion structure