title: A pervasive role for biomass burning in tropical high ozone/low water structures.
abstract: Air parcels with mixing ratios of high O3 and low H2O (HOLW) are common features in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) mid-troposphere (300-700 hPa). Here, using data collected during aircraft sampling of the TWP in winter 2014, we find strong, positive correlations of O3 with multiple biomass burning tracers in these HOLW structures. Ozone levels in these structures are about a factor of three larger than background. Models, satellite data and aircraft observations are used to show fires in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia are the dominant source of high O3 and that low H2O results from large-scale descent within the tropical troposphere. Previous explanations that attribute HOLW structures to transport from the stratosphere or mid-latitude troposphere are inconsistent with our observations. This study suggest a larger role for biomass burning in the radiative forcing of climate in the remote TWP than is commonly appreciated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nicely
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.|Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.|Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Salawitch
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Canty
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.affiliation: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hanisco
authors.affiliation: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.|Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Apel
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA.
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atlas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bannan
authors.affiliation: Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements, Cranfield MK43 0JR, UK.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bauguitte
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bresch
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Teresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.|National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain.|Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza 5501, Argentina.
authors.forename: Rafael P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kinnison
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
authors.forename: Neil R P
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hornbrook
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.|Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lamarque
authors.affiliation: Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Breton
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Percival
authors.affiliation: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.
authors.forename: Leonhard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.affiliation: NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: R Bradley
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Riemer
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saiz-Lopez
authors.affiliation: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara J B
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stunder
authors.affiliation: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ullmann
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Weinheimer