title: Protective Efficacy of the Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes), from India in Neuronal Hippocampal Cells against Hypoxia.
abstract: This study demonstrated the protective efficiency of extracts of the Indian variety of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (=Cordyceps sinensis) (CSEs) in HT22 (murine hippocampal) cells under hypoxic conditions. Various parameters such as cell viability, reactive oxygen species, levels of endogenous antioxidants, inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and oxidation of macromolecules were analyzed. In addition, the radical scavenging abilities of hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, and superoxide radicals were also studied. Antioxidant compounds, ascorbic acid, hesperidin, and rutin were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The information acquired from high-performance thin-layer chromatography profiling was subjected to principal component analysis for data clustering. Findings of this research revealed that ascorbic acid and rutin were highest in aqueous CSE, whereas the maximum amount of hesperidin was found in 25% alcoholic CSE. In vitro studies showed that all the CSEs protected HT22 cells well by upregulating the level of endogenous antioxidants and preventing the oxidation of lipids and proteins. These extracts also reduced the amount of hypoxia-induced inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors on par with the normoxic control with more or less equal protection in the cells under hypoxia, and indicated significant radical scavenging potential.
authors.affiliation: Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anuja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manimaran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manickam
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tulsawani
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mousami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ragumani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sugadev
authors.affiliation: Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054.
authors.forename: Kshipra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D032661:Cordyceps / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007194:India; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D012431:Rutin; D006569:Hesperidin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid