title: 2D-patterning of self-assembled silver nanoisland films.
abstract: The paper is dedicated to the recently developed by the authors technique of silver nanoisland growth, allowing self-arrangement of 2D-patterns of nanoislands. The technique employs silver out-diffusion from ion-exchanged glass in the course of annealing in hydrogen. To modify the silver ion distribution in the exchanged soda-lime glass we included the thermal poling of the ion-exchanged glass with a profiled electrode as an intermediate stage of the process. The resulting consequence consists of three steps: (i) during the ion exchange of the glass in the AgxNa1-xNO3 (x = 0.01-0.15) melt we enrich the subsurface layer of the glass with silver ions; (ii) under the thermal poling, the electric field displaces these ions deeper into the glass under the 2D profiled anodic electrode, the displacement is smaller under the hollows in the electrode where the intensity of the field is minimal; (iii) annealing in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen results in silver out-diffusion only in the regions corresponding to the electrode hollows, as a result silver forms nanoislands following the shape of the electrode. Varying the electrode and mode of processing allows governing the nanoisland size distribution and self-arrangement of the isolated single nanoislands, pairs, triples or groups of several nanoislands-so-called plasmonic molecules.
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 111, Joensuu, 80101 Finland. semen.chervinskii@uef.fi semen.chervinsky@gmail.com and Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia.
authors.forename: Semen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chervinskii
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 111, Joensuu, 80101 Finland. semen.chervinskii@uef.fi semen.chervinsky@gmail.com and Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia and St. Petersburg Academic University, 8/3 Khlopina, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Reduto
authors.affiliation: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia and St. Petersburg Academic University, 8/3 Khlopina, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamenskii
authors.affiliation: St. Petersburg Academic University, 8/3 Khlopina, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia and ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky, St. Petersburg, 197101 Russia.
authors.forename: Ivan S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Mukhin
authors.affiliation: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia and St. Petersburg Academic University, 8/3 Khlopina, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lipovskii