title: [Study on immunologic function of thioredoxin glutathione reductase from Schistosoma japonicum].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the immunogenicity and the immuno-protection of thioredoxin glutathione reductase from Schistosomajaponicum (SjTGR) against schistosome infection in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely, blank group, PBS group, CpG2 immunized group, TGR immunized group and TGR + CpG2 co-immunized group. Each mouse was immunized for 3 times. The mice were tail bled before the first immunization and 2 weeks after the third immunization. The serum antibody levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a against SjTGR were assayed by ELISA. Two weeks after the third immunization, each mouse was infected with 40 ± 2 S. japonicum cercariae by abdominal skin penetration. Forty-two days later, all the mice were sacrificed to collect schistosome adult worms and liver eggs. The worm and egg reduction rates were calculated respectively. The single splenocyte of mouse was collected 2 weeks after the third immunization, and the expressions of CD44high, CD4+CD44high or CD8+CD44high on splenocytes of mice were examined by flow cytometry. After 72 h incubation with recombinant SjTGR, the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the single-cell supernatant were determined by using ELISA kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two weeks after the third immunization, the titers of serum IgG against SjTGR in mice immunized with SjTGR and co-immunized with SjTGR and CpG2 were higher than 1:200 000. The IgG2a: IgG1 ratio (IgG2a/IgG1) increased slowly with time in both TGR immunized group and TGR + CpG2 co-immunized group. There were obviously higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the cell supernatant in the TGR immunized group and TGR + CpG2 co-immunized group compared to the blank, PBS and CpG2 groups (P < 0.05). The increased subpopulations of CD44high, CD8+CD44high and CD4+ CD44high cells in the splenocytes from mice immunized by SjTGR and co-immunized by SjTGR and CpG2 were found comparing to the blank, PBS and CpG2 groups (P < 0.05). The TGR immunization and TGR + CpG2 co- immunization caused 9.4% and 10.5% reductions in the number of adult worms and 9.2% and 32.8% reductions in the number of eggs, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SjTGR displays strong immunogenicity inducing Th1 type immune response in mice. However, it could not produce protective efficacy against S. japonicum infection. CpG2 ODN may be a broadly effective Th1 adjuvant.
authors.forename: Li-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chuan-xin
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xu-ren
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xue-dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Yong-liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000276:immunology*; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000276:immunology*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C466433:thioredoxin glutathione reductase