title: Changes in pathogenicity and immunogenicity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides strains revealed by comparative genomics analysis.
abstract: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. A pathogenic strain BEN-1 was isolated from bovine lung and underwent continuous passages in rabbits for 468 generations. During this process, the strain's strong virulence became weak and, gradually, it lost the ability to confer protective immunity in cattle but developed virulence in rabbits. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms behind the reduction in virulence and the loss of immunogenicity, we sequenced five representative strains of the BEN series, including the original strain (BEN-1), the strain generation that first acquired virulence in rabbits (BEN-50), the two vaccine strain generations (BEN-181 and BEN-326), and the strain generation showing the greatest loss of immunogenicity (BEN-468). The gene mutation rate in the four different propagation stages varied greatly, and over half of variations observed in each generation were removed during the propagation process. However, the variation maintained in the BEN-468 generation might contribute to its changes in virulence and immunogenicity. We thus identified 18 genes associated with host adaptation, six genes contributing to virulence in cattle, and 35 genes participating in conferring immunity in cattle. These findings might help us optimize the vaccine to obtain more effective immunization results.
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.|Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Suli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jiari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Changping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Henggui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.|Laboratory of Medical Foods, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Jiuqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D009154:Mutation; D059645:Mutation Rate; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D011002:Pleuropneumonia, Contagious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics