title: Effect of economic recession on psychosocial working conditions by workers' nationality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several publications have documented the effects of economic recessions on health. However, little is known about how economic recessions influence working conditions, especially among vulnerable workers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of 2008 economic crisis on the prevalence of adverse psychosocial working conditions among Spanish and foreign national workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data come from the 2007 and 2011 Spanish Working Conditions Surveys. Survey year, sociodemographic, and occupational information were independent variables and psychosocial factors exposures were dependent variables. Analyses were stratified by nationality (Spanish versus foreign). Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) of psychological job demands, job control, job social support, physical demands and perceived job insecurity were estimated using Poisson regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Spanish population had higher risk of psychological and physical job demand (aPR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.04-1.10] and aPR = 1.05, 95% CI = [1.01-1.09], respectively) in 2011 compared to 2007. Among both Spanish and foreign national workers, greater aPR were found for job loss in 2011 compared to 2007 (aPR = 2.47, 95% CI = [2.34-2.60]; aPR = 2.44, 95% CI = [2.15-2.77], respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2008 economic crisis was associated with a significant increase in physical demands in Spanish workers and increased job insecurity for both Spanish and foreign workers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Occupational Health (Cisal), Pompeu Fabra University , Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torá
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Benavides
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leveque
authors.forename: Elena
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1886-466X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057172:Economic Recession; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Economic recession; Immigration; Occupational exposures; Psychosocial factors; Spain