title: Siglec-1 and -2 as potential biomarkers in autoimmune disease.
abstract: Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are currently treated with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, aimed at reducing symptoms of disease in order to improve quality of life for patients. However, for a significant number of patients these therapies are ineffective, leading to an increased risk of irreversible damage and eventual disability in certain cases. Growing evidence has implicated glycosylated proteins and their cognate receptors in modulation of the autoimmune response. This review will summarize these findings with particular focus on sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-1 and Siglec-2 involvement in AD. Fluctuations in these glycosylation-dependent pathways could act as sentinels of disease activity or drug responses. If validated, protein modification and cellular response markers could help clinicians achieve remission earlier.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Eakin
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bustard
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Cathy M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McGeough
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Tahanver
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bjourson
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D063267:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C497867:CD22 protein, human; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; C571166:SIGLEC1 protein, human; D063267:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
keywords: Autoimmune disease; Protein glycosylation; Sialic acid; Siglec receptor