title: Automated measurement of parameters related to the deformities of lower limbs based on x-rays images.
abstract: Measurement of the deformation of the lower limbs in the current standard full-limb X-rays images presents significant challenges to radiologists and orthopedists. The precision of these measurements is deteriorated because of inexact positioning of the leg during image acquisition, problems with selecting reliable anatomical landmarks in projective X-ray images, and inevitable errors of manual measurements. The influence of the random errors resulting from the last two factors on the precision of the measurement can be reduced if an automated measurement method is used instead of a manual one. In the paper a framework for an automated measurement of various metric and angular quantities used in the description of the lower extremity deformation in full-limb frontal X-ray images is described. The results of automated measurements are compared with manual measurements. These results demonstrate that an automated method can be a valuable alternative to the manual measurements.
authors.affiliation: Medical Center iMed24, ul. Życzkowskiego 29, 31-864 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Wadim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.affiliation: Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molka
authors.affiliation: Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: ztabor@pk.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Zbisław
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography
keywords: Active appearance model; Computer assisted diagnosis; Lower-limb; X-rays