title: Challenges and Long-Term Management of Patients with Craniofacial Clefts in Thailand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report challenges and long-term management of patients with craniofacial clefts, treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who were treated at Srinagarind Hospital, between 1993 and 2001. A review of data was performed including general information, classifications, photographs, radiographic findings, dental records, reconstructive surgeries, and long-term management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20 patients were recruited; six males and 14 females, grouped into six median, two paramedian and 12 oblique clefts. Age of the first treatment ranged from one to 39 years, age of the last follow-up ranged from 11 to 48 years and the range of follow-ups was 11 to 24 years. The reconstructive procedures included a variety of techniques of plastic surgery for soft tissue repairs and bone grafting for facial reconstructions. Four patients with median clefts and paramedian clefts died. One patient lost to follow-up. Fifteen patients were followed-up and the results were satisfying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of clefts and craniofacial deformities are complex. The proper management is challenging because of socioeconomic, cause difficulties in follow-ups according to the planned protocol. Other associated anomalies are important. Protocols with well-co-ordination of an interdisciplinary team in Craniofacial Center and continuing evaluation at appropriate schedule and age group until completion of facial growth are critical factors. Establishment of a foundation and comprehensive care model with families, local health professionals and school will benefit the most to this group of patients.
authors.forename: Bowonrnsilp
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chowchuen
authors.forename: Palakorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Surakunprapha
authors.forename: Prathana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chowchuen
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Godfrey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult