title: [TIBIAL PERIOSTEAL FLAP PEDICLED WITH INTERMUSCULAR BRANCH OF POSTERIOR TIBIAL VESSELS COMBINED WITH AUTOLOGOUS BONE GRAFT FOR TIBIAL BONE DEFECT].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of tibial periosteal flap pedicled with intermuscular branch of posterior tibial vessels combined with autologous bone graft in the treatment of tibial bone defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2007 and December 2013, 19 cases of traumatic tibia bone and soft tissue defects were treated. There were 14 males and 5 females, aged from 18 to 49 years (mean, 28 years). The tibial fracture site located at the middle tibia in 6 cases and at the distal tibia in 13 cases. According to Gustilo type, 4 cases were rated as type III A, 14 cases as type III B, and 1 case as type III C (injury of anterior tibial artery). The length of bone defect ranged from 4.3 to 8.5 cm (mean, 6.3 cm). The soft tissue defects ranged from 8 cm x 5 cm to 17 cm x 9 cm. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 8 hours (mean, 4 hours). One-stage operation included debridement, external fixation, and vacuum sealing drainage. After formation of granulation tissue, the fresh wound was repaired with sural neurovascular flap or posterior tibial artery perforator flap. The flap size ranged from 10 cmx6 cm to 19 cm x 11 cm. In two-stage operation, tibial periosteal flap pedicled with intermuscular branch of posterior tibial vessels combined with autologous bone graft was used to repair tibial defect. The periosteal flap ranged from 6.5 cm x 4.0 cm to 9.0 cm x 5.0 cm; bone graft ranged from 4.5 to 9.0 cm in length. External fixation was changed to internal fixation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All flaps survived with soft texture, and no ulcer and infection occurred. All incisions healed by the first intention. All patients were followed up 18-40 months (mean, between normal and affected sides.The function of the knee an ankle joint was good without infection, malunion, and equinus. According to the Johner standard at last follow-up, the results were excellent in 15 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 94.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tibial periosteal flap pedicled with intermuscular branch of posterior tibial vessels combined with autologous bone graft is an effective method to treat bone defect of the tibia.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Shunhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huishuang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yunpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiansong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003646:Debridement; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000601:surgery; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D061525:Perforator Flap; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013639:Tarsal Bones; D013977:Tibia / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D016909:Tibial Arteries; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014618:Vacuum; D014945:Wound Healing