title: Group Membership and Adolescents' Alcohol Intake: The Role of Drinking Motives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Group norms and drinking motives are crucial predictors of adolescents' alcohol intake. The current study examined the role of drinking motives in the association between descriptive group norms and alcohol intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 525 Italian adolescents (56% men) was surveyed. Participants completed measures of group norms, drinking motives, and personal drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that stronger group norms were positively related to increased alcohol intake. Drinking for enhancement and social motives also were related to increased alcohol intake. Mediation analysis showed that group norms were related to alcohol intake through social and enhancement drinking motives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drinking motives provide fruitful insights into the relationship between descriptive group norms and excessive alcohol use among adolescents. Implications for future research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre - University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrus
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre - University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panno
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Centre, S. Francesco Hospital, Local Sanitary Unit, Nuoro, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deiana
authors.affiliation: School of Social Science, Policy & Evaluation, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Crano
authors.affiliation: Lazio Regional Center for Alcohol, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.affiliation: Center on Alcoholism, Alcohol Addiction Program, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceccanti
authors.affiliation: Service for Addictions, Local Sanitary Unit, Rieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mareri
authors.affiliation: Service for Addictions, Local Sanitary Unit, Rieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonifazi
authors.affiliation: Service for Addictions, Local Sanitary Unit, Rieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010379:Peer Group; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult