title: Volatile dimethylsiloxanes in market seafood and freshwater fish from the Xúquer River, Spain.
abstract: Volatile dimethylsiloxanes are a family of synthetic organosilicon-compounds, which have received rising attention because of their widespread use and occurrence in the environment. In the present work, an analytical method based on ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction (USAE) followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been optimized and applied to assess the presence of eight volatile dimethyl siloxanes (VMS) (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetra-siloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM), decamethyltetrasiloxane (MD2M) and dodecamethylpentasiloxane (MD3M) and tetradecamethylhexasiloxane (MD4M)) in fish. The optimized method presented limits of quantification between 0.1 and 1.3 pg/g for linear volatile dimethylsiloxanes (lVMS) and between 13 and 39 pg/g for cyclic volatile dimethylsiloxanes (cVMS) and intraday relative standard deviation (between 1.9 and 7.0%). Recovery yields were between 71 and 92%. 40 fish samples collected in different markets in Barcelona, (Spain), and 16 samples of fish directly collected at the Xúquer River were analysed. cVMS were detected in almost all the river fish samples at concentrations between pg/g and ng/g, with a significant correlation between the fat content and VMS concentrations in fish. In addition, significant higher concentrations were found in market samples, suggesting sources of contamination from their manipulation and storage in indoor environments. Multivariate analyses were applied to the results and the siloxane profiles and analyte correlations are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchís
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Picó
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: mfuqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farré
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005618:Fresh Water; D017747:Seafood / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Fish; Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Volatile dimethyl siloxanes