title: Emerging endoscopic techniques for the identification of esophageal disease.
abstract: Esophageal diseases, both benign and malignant, impose an increasing burden to global health. In the West, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus are increasing in prevalence and impact. In the East, squamous esophageal cancer remains a large burden, but increasingly, precancerous lesions related to GERD are recognized. We review the various advanced endoscopic techniques that have been developed to improve the accuracy of endoscopic identification of esophageal disease. These techniques are designed to increase the sensitivity of detecting disease and high-risk lesions, enable targeted biopsies, decrease total number of biopsies and costs for surveillance, but also guide therapy in real-time. After proper clinical validation, the widespread use of these technologies will lead to improved outcomes, mostly in cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: a School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Triadafilopoulos
authors.affiliation: b Division of Gastroenterology , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akiyama
mesh_terms: D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Advanced imaging; Barrett’s esophagus; Esophageal cancer; Esophageal dysplasia; Esophagus