title: Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver.
abstract: Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: Hassan K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Awada
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: Mintai P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. Electronic address: yaw20@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Yadong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Biomaterials; Controlled release; Delivery systems; Extracellular matrix; Myocardial infarction; Protein therapy