title: Antimicrobial response of galectin-1 from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus: Molecular, transcriptional, and biological characterization.
abstract: In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a proto type galectin, galectin-1, from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfGal-1). Galectins are evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate binding lectins that show a wide range of functions related to development and immune physiology. They have been identified as pattern recognition receptors of innate immune system that recognize a broad range of microbes. OfGal-1 cDNA comprised of 993 bp with an open reading frame of 408 bp that encodes 135 amino acids. A single carbohydrate recognition domain was present in the OfGal-1 amino acid sequence. The sequence comparison by multiple and pairwise alignments and the phylogenetic tree emphasized the strong evolutionary conservation of Gal-1. The typical β-sandwich structure was identified from the predicted tertiary structure. The constitutive expression of mRNA transcripts was detected in a wide range of tissues examined, with the highest expression in the heart. Immune challenges with live bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae), rock bream irido virus, and mitogens (lipopolysaccharide and poly I:C) modulated the expression of OfGal-1 mRNAs in the gills, head kidney, and liver. The recombinant OfGal-1 (rOfGal-1) strongly agglutinatinated the human erythrocytes, and this hemagglutination was inhibited by lactose and D-galactose. A wide range of bacteria (S. iniae, S. parauberis, Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio tapetis) and a ciliate (Miamiensis avidus) were also effectively recognized by rOfGal-1. Significant antiviral activity against rock bream irido virus was also demonstrated by rOfGal-1. Collectively, results from the present study indicate that OfGal-1 can recognize a wide range of microbes and is a vital pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system of rock bream.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: William Shanthakumar
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Thulasitha
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Navaneethaiyer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Umasuthan
authors.affiliation: Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ilson
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Hye
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jehee@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jehee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D020609:Edwardsiella tarda / Q000502:physiology; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007497:Iridoviridae / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010473:Perciformes; D010802:Phylogeny; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D000070058:Streptococcus iniae / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D037483:Galectin 1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Agglutination; Anti-viral activity; Galectin-1; Innate immunity; Rock bream