title: Novel triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza viruses in pigs in Tianjin, Northern China.
abstract: Pigs are susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses and therefore have been proposed to be mixing vessels for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment. In this study, for the first time, we report the isolation and genetic analyses of three novel triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza viruses from pigs in Tianjin, Northern China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel viruses contained genes from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (PB2, PB1, PA and NP), Eurasian swine (HA, NA and M) and triple-reassortant swine (NS) lineages. This indicated that the reassortment among the 2009 pandemic H1N1, Eurasian swine and triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses had taken place in pigs in Tianjin and resulted in the generation of new viruses. Furthermore, three human-like H1N1, two classical swine H1N1 and two Eurasian swine H1N1 viruses were also isolated during the swine influenza virus surveillance from 2009 to 2013, which indicated that multiple genetic lineages of swine H1N1 viruses were co-circulating in the swine population in Tianjin, China. The emergence of novel triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza viruses may be a potential threat to human health and emphasizes the importance of further continuous surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Ying-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Hai-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Chun-Lei
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ke
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Xue
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Zhi
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qian
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Yang
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381,China. Electronic address: yanmh81971@126.com.
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. Electronic address: haiyu_008@126.com.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Novel ressortant H1N1 influenza virus; Phylogenetic analysis; Swine influenza