title: Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses.
abstract: Phospholipases D (PLD) and C (PLC) hydrolyze the phosphodiesteric linkages of the head group of membrane phospholipids. PLDs and PLCs in plants occur in different forms: the calcium-dependent phospholipid binding domain-containing PLDs (C2-PLDs), the plekstrin homology and phox homology domain-containing PLDs (PX/PH-PLDs), phosphoinositide-specific PLC (PI-PLC), and non-specific PLC (NPC). They differ in structures, substrate selectivities, cofactor requirements, and/or reaction conditions. These enzymes and their reaction products, such as phosphatidic acid (PA), diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol polyphosphates, play important, multifaceted roles in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we review biochemical properties, cellular effects, and physiological functions of PLDs and PLCs, particularly in the context of their roles in stress response along with advances made on the role of PA and DAG in cell signaling in plants. The mechanism of actions, including those common and distinguishable among different PLDs and PLCs, will also be discussed.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: hongyy@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yueyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: jianzhao@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
authors.forename: Sang-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
authors.forename: Geliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Gaoyang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
authors.forename: Maoyin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. Electronic address: swang@danforthcenter.org.
authors.forename: Xuemin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D004075:Diglycerides; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D010739:Phospholipase D
keywords: Cytoskeleton; DAG; Defense response; Hormone signaling; IP(3); IP(6); Lipid hydrolysis; Lipid−protein interaction; Membrane remodeling; PA; PLC; PLD; Plant−pathogen interaction; Vesicular trafficking