title: Risk of endocrine complications in cancer patients treated with immune check point inhibitors: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed a meta-analysis of the risk of endocrine adverse events associated with immune check point inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies included randomized trials of cancer patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors; describing events of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypophysitis and adrenal insufficiency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of ten clinical trials were eligible for the meta-analysis. The relative risk of all-grade hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypophyisitis and adrenal insufficiency were 8.26 (95% CI: 4.67-14.62; p < 0.00001), 5.48 (95% CI: 1.33-22.53; p = 0.02); 22.03 (95% CI: 8.52-56.94; p < 0.00001), 3.87 (95% CI: 1.12-13.41; p = 0.03), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis has demonstrated that the use of immune check point inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypophysitis and adrenal insufficiency compared with control.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rahman
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hesham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: ElHalawani
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouad
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000077594:Nivolumab; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D000077594:Nivolumab; C585832:pidilizumab; C582435:pembrolizumab; C520704:tremelimumab
keywords: adrenal insufficiency; hypothyroidism; ipilimumab; nivolumab