title: Process improvement in surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Rochester School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Catherine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sheils
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: k-bilimoria@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Karl Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Bilimoria
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Julie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Julia R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Berian
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Englesbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: Oscar D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Guillamondegui
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Knoxville, TN.
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN.
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Cofer
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Flum
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Thirlby
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Hadiza S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kazaure
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Sherry M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wren
authors.affiliation: Division of Hospital Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thurk
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tevis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D015397:Program Evaluation; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States