title: Paraoxnase1 Gene Polymorphism in Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is a serum enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins with antioxidant properties. Molecular studies of PON1 revealed 2 polymorphic sites at amino acids 55 and 192 resulting in 2 different allozymes, the L and M-genotype at residue 55 and A and B at site 192, respectively. We have studied the association between PON1 gene polymorphisms and the minimal change nephrotic syndrome/focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (MCNS/FSGS) types of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in Kuwaiti Arab children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PON1 gene, 55 and 192 polymorphisms were analyzed in 50 children with INS (32 MSCN, 18 FSGS) and compared to 50 controls. Serum creatinine, albumin and lipids were measured in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LL genotype was detected in 50% of the INS patients compared to 48% of controls (p = 0.84). The heterozygous LM genotype was detected in 42% of INS patients compared 36% of controls (p = 0.68). The MM-genotype was detected in 8% of INS patients and 16% of controls (p = 0.35). The L-allele frequency in its homozygous and heterozygous forms was found in 71% of INS patients compared to 66% controls (p = 0.54). The L-allele frequency (LM and LL) was significantly higher in FSGS compared to MCNS patients (p = 0.0001) and when compared to controls (p = 0.0007). All patients and controls had the AA form of the 192 PON1 gene polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate a strong association between the L-allele of PON1 gene 55 polymorphism with FSGS in Kuwaiti Arab children with INS. PON1 genotyping can help in the early prediction of FSGS, which might guide clinicians to a better therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Amal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Eisa
authors.forename: Vazhappilly J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Sukumaran
authors.forename: Mohammad Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Haider
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007730:Kuwait / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000235:genetics; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human