title: Concurrently examining unrealistic absolute and comparative optimism: Temporal shifts, individual-difference and event-specific correlates, and behavioural outcomes.
abstract: Researchers have spent considerable effort examining unrealistic absolute optimism and unrealistic comparative optimism, yet there is a lack of research exploring them concurrently. This longitudinal study repeatedly assessed unrealistic absolute and comparative optimism within a performance context over several months to identify the degree to which they shift as a function of proximity to performance and performance feedback, their associations with global individual difference and event-specific factors, and their link to subsequent behavioural outcomes. Results showed similar shifts in unrealistic absolute and comparative optimism based on proximity to performance and performance feedback. Moreover, increases in both types of unrealistic optimism were associated with better subsequent performance beyond the effect of prior performance. However, several differences were found between the two forms of unrealistic optimism in their associations with global individual difference factors and event-specific factors, highlighting the distinctiveness of the two constructs.
authors.affiliation: University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Joelle C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ruthig
authors.affiliation: University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Bradlee W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Gamblin
authors.affiliation: University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanderzanden
authors.affiliation: University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kehn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D000067656:Optimism / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: achievement; performance estimates; positive expectations; unrealistic optimism