title: Doing more with less: New markers for sarcoma diagnosis and their applicability to cytology specimens.
abstract: Sarcomas are a rare and extremely diverse set of neoplasms that are often a challenge to diagnose for pathologists. For a number of reasons, primary diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms is increasingly being performed on small biopsy specimens including fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB). In the last several years, there has been a significant increase in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this group of tumors. New insights into the genetic mechanisms of tumor formation have been exploited to create a new generation of diagnostic markers that are accessible to most laboratories. This review describes a number of new ancillary markers, and how they can facilitate accurate diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms on FNA/CNB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section of Cytopathology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514.
authors.forename: Leslie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section of Cytopathology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section of Cytopathology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section of Cytopathology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hertel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D062005:Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D055264:Mucin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; C524658:MUC4 protein, human; D055264:Mucin-4; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein; C513266:SMARCB1 protein, human; C527923:SOX10 protein, human; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; C069203:TFE3 protein, human; C499043:TLE1 protein, human; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
keywords: fine needle aspiration; needle biopsy; sarcoma; soft tissue tumors