title: Introducing a protocol to create bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rat animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously published animal investigations on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) showed a variety of methods for BRONJ induction and inconsistent findings. The aim of present study was to develop a reliable protocol for BRONJ induction in rat animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pilot study, 64 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and 16 subgroups (each containing 2 experimental and 2 control rats) based on the timing of tooth extraction and euthanasia. The experimental and control rats received intraperitoneal injection of 0.06 mg/kg zoledronate and saline, respectively, once a week until sacrificed, and evaluated for presence of bone exposure clinically, and osteonecrosis and new bone formation histologically. The protocol that successfully produced BRONJ in pilot study was tested in a randomized controlled experimental investigation using 45 rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In pilot investigation, the highest rate of BRONJ was obtained after four weekly zoledronate injections, at least 4 weeks after tooth extraction. The randomized controlled experimental study verified this finding with a success rate of 83%, and also showed that more prolongation of zoledronate therapy did not increase the BRONJ rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protocol developed in the present study could be used reliably for future BRONJ investigations on rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran; Dental Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. Electronic address: hamid_malekzadeh_28@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janbaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghadermazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059266:Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates
keywords: Animal study; Bisphosphonate; Jaw; Osteonecrosis; Zoledronate