title: Total phenol analysis of weakly supported water using a laccase-based microband biosensor.
abstract: The monitoring of phenolic compounds in wastewaters in a simple manner is of great importance for environmental control. Here, a novel screen printed laccase-based microband array for in situ, total phenol estimation in wastewaters and for water quality monitoring without additional sample pre-treatment is presented. Numerical simulations using the finite element method were utilized for the characterization of micro-scale graphite electrodes. Anodization followed by covalent modification was used for the electrode functionalization with laccase. The functionalization efficiency and the electrochemical performance in direct and catechol-mediated oxygen reduction were studied at the microband laccase electrodes and compared with macro-scale electrode structures. The reduction of the dimensions of the enzyme biosensor, when used under optimized conditions, led to a significant improvement in its analytical characteristics. The elaborated microsensor showed fast responses towards catechol additions to tap water - a weakly supported medium - characterized by a linear range from 0.2 to 10 μM, a sensitivity of 1.35 ± 0.4 A M(-1) cm(-2) and a dynamic range up to 43 μM. This enhanced laccase-based microsensor was used for water quality monitoring and its performance for total phenol analysis of wastewater samples from different stages of the cleaning process was compared to a standard method.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical and Optical Sensor Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden; Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: alina.sekretareva@liu.se.
authors.forename: Alina N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sekretaryova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Volkov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Zozoulenko
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anthony P F
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical and Optical Sensor Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden; Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden. Electronic address: mikhail.vagin@liu.se.
authors.forename: Mikhail Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Vagin
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical and Optical Sensor Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D042845:Laccase; D010636:Phenols; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Electrochemical modeling; Laccase; Microband; Microelectrode; Total phenol analysis; Wastewater