title: Virus susceptibility and clinical effectiveness of anti-influenza drugs during the 2010-2011 influenza season in Russia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiviral drugs are critical adjuncts to influenza vaccination. This study determined the in vitro susceptibilities of influenza A and B viruses isolated in the 2010-2011 season in Russia to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir and the hemagglutinin fusion inhibitor umifenovir and clinical efficacy of this antiviral drugs in this season.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiviral potency of these drugs against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in mice was assessed. Importantly, the clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir and umifenovir was evaluated in a retrospective study conducted in 26 regions of Russia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tested viruses (n=36) were susceptible to oseltamivir and umifenovir in vitro. Oseltamivir (10mg/kg/day) and umifenovir (60 mg/kg/day) significantly increased the survival of mice challenged with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 virus (p<0.05). Influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed in 442 patients among 1462 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections. The treatment of influenza-infected patients within 48h of symptom onset with oseltamivir and umifenovir was associated with a significant decrease in the duration of illness (2-3 days) and symptoms (p<0.001). Pneumonia was observed in none of the patients treated with oseltamivir and in 0.3% of the patients treated with umifenovir, compared to 23.7% of patients who did not receive antiviral therapy (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided experimental and clinical evidence of the efficacy of oseltamivir and umifenovir against influenza viruses, representatives of which have continued to circulate in post-pandemic seasons.
authors.affiliation: I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera of the Russian Academy of Science, 5a Kazenny per., Moscow 105064, Russia. Electronic address: wnyfd385@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Leneva
authors.affiliation: D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Burtseva
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yatsyshina
authors.affiliation: D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Fedyakina
authors.affiliation: D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kirillova
authors.affiliation: Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Selkova
authors.affiliation: I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera of the Russian Academy of Science, 5a Kazenny per., Moscow 105064, Russia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osipova
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Maleev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012426:Russia; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D013440:Sulfides
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D009439:Neuraminidase; D053139:Oseltamivir; C086979:umifenovir; D013440:Sulfides
keywords: Influenza; Observational study; Oseltamivir; Susceptibility to antivirals; Umifenovir