title: Cobalt(II) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and α-diimines.
abstract: Cobalt(II) complexes with a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diflunisal, flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid and niflumic acid) in the presence of nitrogen-(2,2'-bipyridylamine, 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline) and/or oxygen-donor ligands (methanol) have been synthesized and characterized with physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The deprotonated NSAID ligands are coordinated to Co(II) ion through their carboxylato groups in diverse binding modes. The crystal structures of complexes [Co(diflunisal-O)2(methanol)4], [Co(niflumato-O)2(methanol)4], [Co(flufenamato-O,O')2(2,2'-bipyridylamine)], [Co(mefenamato-O,O')2(2,2'-bipyridylamine)] and [Co3(flufenamato-O,O')4(flufenamato-O,O,O')2(2,2'-bipyridine)2] have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The interaction of the complexes with serum albumins was studied by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and the albumin-binding constants were determined. The ability of the complexes to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and hydroxyl radicals was investigated and the complexes were more active than the corresponding free drugs. Spectroscopic (UV and fluorescence), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and physicochemical (viscosity measurements) techniques were employed in order to study the binding mode of the complexes to calf-thymus (CT) DNA and to calculate the corresponding binding constants; for all complexes, intercalation was suggested as the most possible DNA-binding mode.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsiliou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Lida-Aikaterini
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kefala
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hatzidimitriou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kessissoglou
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Franc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perdih
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexandrion Technological Educational Institution, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: iztok.turel@fkkt.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Iztok
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: gepsomas@chem.auth.gr.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Psomas
mesh_terms: D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000737:chemistry; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001665:Binding Sites; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004061:Diflunisal / Q000737:chemistry; D005439:Flufenamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008528:Mefenamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009544:Niflumic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C523915:(2,2'-bipyridyl)-3,3'-diamine; D000631:Aminopyridines; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D010851:Picrates; D012709:Serum Albumin; D008528:Mefenamic Acid; D003035:Cobalt; D009544:Niflumic Acid; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl; D005439:Flufenamic Acid; D004061:Diflunisal; D004247:DNA; C427203:calf thymus DNA; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C025205:1,10-phenanthroline; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Cobalt(II) complexes; Interaction with albumins; Interaction with calf-thymus DNA; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs