title: Viral etiology of medically attended influenza-like illnesses in children less than five years old in Suzhou, China, 2011-2014.
abstract: Limited information is available on the non-influenza etiology and epidemiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) in China. From April 2011 to March 2014, we collected oropharyngeal swabs from children less than 5 years of age with symptoms of ILI who presented to the outpatient departments of Suzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital (SCH). We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) or PCR to detect 11 respiratory viruses. Among 3,662 enrolled ILI patients, 1,292 (35.3%) tested positive for at least one virus. Influenza virus (16.9%) was detected most frequently (influenza A 7.4%, influenza B 9.5%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (5.6%), parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1-4 (4.8%), human bocavirus (HBoV) (3.8%), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (3.5%), and adenovirus (ADV) (3.0%). Co-infections were identified in 108 (2.9%) patients. Influenza virus predominantly circulated in January-March and June-July. The 2013-2014 winter peaks of RSV and influenza overlapped. Compared with other virus positive cases, influenza positive cases were more likely to present with febrile seizure, and RSV positive cases were more likely to present with cough and wheezing, and were most frequently diagnosed with pneumonia. These data provide a better understanding of the viral etiology of ILI among children less than 5 years of age in Suzhou, China. Influenza is not only the most frequently identified pathogen but it is also the only vaccine preventable illness among the 11 pathogens tested. Such findings suggest the potential value of exploring value of influenza vaccination among this influenza vaccination target group. J. Med. Virol. 88:1334-1340, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Suzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yunfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xuerong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ya
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Genming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000821:virology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010045:Outpatients; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity
keywords: influenza virus; parainfluenza virus; respiratory syncytial virus