title: Association between maternal education and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in adolescents.
abstract: Investigating socioeconomic variation in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time is important as it may represent a pathway by which socioeconomic position (SEP) leads to ill health. Findings on the association between children's SEP and objectively assessed PA and/or sedentary time are mixed, and few studies have included international samples.
  
  
  
  Examine the associations between maternal education and adolescent's objectively assessed PA and sedentary time.
  
  
  
  This is an observational study of 12 770 adolescents (10-18 years) pooled from 10 studies from Europe, Australia, Brazil and the USA. Original PA data were collected between 1997 and 2009. The associations between maternal education and accelerometer variables were examined using robust multivariable regression, adjusted for a priori confounders (ie, body mass index, monitor wear time, season, age and sex) and regression coefficients combined across studies using random effects meta-analyses. Analyses were conducted in March 2014.
  
  
  
  Adolescents of university educated mothers spent more time sedentary (9.5 min/day, p=0.005) and less time in light activity (10 min/day, p<0.001) compared with adolescents of high school educated mothers. Pooled analysis across two studies from Brazil and Portugal (analysed separately because of the different coding of maternal education) showed that children of higher educated mothers (tertiary vs primary/secondary) spent less time in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (6.6 min/day, p=0.001) and in light PA (39.2 min/day: p<0.001), and more time sedentary (45.9 min/day, p<0.001).
  
  
  
  Across a number of international samples, adolescents of mothers with lower education may not be at a disadvantage in terms of overall objectively measured PA.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK NIHR Leicester - Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle, and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sherar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences/School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Tom P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School for Sport Science, Oslo, Norway MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences/School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Ashley R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK NIHR Leicester - Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle, and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Dale W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Esliger
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Centre of Diet and Activity Research, Unicersity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Esther M F
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Sluijs
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School for Sport Science, Oslo, Norway Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bo Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Froberg
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hallal
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Physiology, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Janz
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kordas
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kriemler
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science at the University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jardena J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Puder
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sardinha
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences/Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Timperio
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences/School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Angie S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005060:Europe; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014481:United States
keywords: PAEDIATRIC; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; SOCIAL INEQUALITIES