title: A methodology for calculating transport emissions in cities with limited traffic data: Case study of diesel particulates and black carbon emissions in Murmansk.
abstract: This paper presents a methodology for calculating exhaust emissions from on-road transport in cities with low-quality traffic data and outdated vehicle registries. The methodology consists of data collection approaches and emission calculation methods. For data collection, the paper suggests using video survey and parking lot survey methods developed for the International Vehicular Emissions model. Additional sources of information include data from the largest transportation companies, vehicle inspection stations, and official vehicle registries. The paper suggests using the European Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport (COPERT) 4 model to calculate emissions, especially in countries that implemented European emissions standards. If available, the local emission factors should be used instead of the default COPERT emission factors. The paper also suggests additional steps in the methodology to calculate emissions only from diesel vehicles. We applied this methodology to calculate black carbon emissions from diesel on-road vehicles in Murmansk, Russia. The results from Murmansk show that diesel vehicles emitted 11.7 tons of black carbon in 2014. The main factors determining the level of emissions are the structure of the vehicle fleet and the level of vehicle emission controls. Vehicles without controls emit about 55% of black carbon emissions.
authors.affiliation: Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA. Electronic address: nazar.kholod@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kholod
authors.affiliation: Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Transport, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gusev
authors.affiliation: Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Transport, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malyshev
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tretyakova
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Transport, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barinov
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012426:Russia; D053260:Soot / Q000032:analysis*; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053260:Soot; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Black carbon; Diesel; Emission inventory; Russia; Transport