title: Mechanisms used to increase peak propulsive force following 12-weeks of gait training in individuals poststroke.
abstract: Current rehabilitation efforts for individuals poststroke focus on increasing walking speed because it is a predictor of community ambulation and participation. Greater propulsive force is required to increase walking speed. Previous studies have identified that trailing limb angle (TLA) and ankle moment are key factors to increases in propulsive force during gait. However, no studies have determined the relative contribution of these two factors to increase propulsive force following intervention. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relative contribution of ankle moment and TLA to increases in propulsive force following 12-weeks of gait training for individuals poststroke. Forty-five participants were assigned to 1 of 3 training groups: training at self-selected speeds (SS), at fastest comfortable speeds (Fast), and Fast with functional electrical stimulation (FastFES). For participants who gained paretic propulsive force following training, a biomechanical-based model previously developed for individuals poststroke was used to calculate the relative contributions of ankle moment and TLA. A two-way, mixed-model design, analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline walking speed was performed to analyze changes in TLA and ankle moment across groups. The model showed that TLA was the major contributor to increases in propulsive force following training. Although the paretic TLA increased from pre-training to post-training, no differences were observed between groups. In contrast, increases in paretic ankle moment were observed only in the FastFES group. Our findings suggested that specific targeting may be needed to increase ankle moment.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, United States. Electronic address: haoyuan@udel.edu.
authors.forename: HaoYuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Delaware Rehabilitation Institute, University of Delaware, United States. Electronic address: bknarr@udel.edu.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Knarr
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, United States. Electronic address: rpohlig@udel.edu.
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Pohlig
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, United States. Electronic address: higginso@udel.edu.
authors.forename: Jill S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Higginson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, United States. Electronic address: sbinder@udel.edu.
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Binder-Macleod
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005121:Extremities; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Extension; Functional electrical stimulation; Gait; Moment; Propulsion; Stroke; Trailing limb