title: Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have poorer assisted reproduction outcomes: a case-control study.
abstract: To compare the efficacy of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) versus HIV-negative controls.
  
  
  
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  
  University hospital ART unit.
  
  
  
  Eighty-two women infected with HIV-1 and 82 women as seronegative controls.
  
  
  
  Ovarian stimulation, oocytes retrieval, standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo transfer.
  
  
  
  Clinical pregnancies and live-birth rates.
  
  
  
  After oocyte retrieval, all women infected with HIV-1 infected were matched 1:1 to HIV-negative controls according to the following criteria: date of ART attempt, age, parity, main cause of infertility, ART technique, and rank of attempt. Only the first IVF cycle during the study period was considered for each couple. We found no statistically significant differences between the two groups for ovarian stimulation data, fertilization rate, or average number of embryos transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was statistically significantly lower for the cases compared with the controls (12% vs. 32%), as were the implantation rate (10% vs. 21%) and the live-birth rate (7% vs. 19%).
  
  
  
  In one of the largest studies to pair six factors that influence the results of ART, HIV infection in women was associated with poorer outcomes after ART. These results suggest that women with controlled HIV-1-infection should be counseled not to delay ART in cases of self-insemination failure or other causes of infertility. Fertility preservation by vitrification of oocytes in women whose pregnancy should be delayed may be an important future consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stora
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France. Electronic address: sylvie.epelboin@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Epelboin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Process, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Devouche
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matheron
authors.affiliation: Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Andrée Rosemon Hospital, Guiana University, Pasteur Institute of Guiana (EPaT) EA 3593, Cayenne, French Guiana.
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Epelboin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chadi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yazbeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Damond
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Longuet
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Affilié-Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dzineku
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mandovi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajguru
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delaroche
authors.affiliation: Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandelbrot
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luton
authors.affiliation: Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Reproductive Biology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patrat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate / Q000639:trends*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: HIV-1; assisted reproductive techniques; case-control studies; highly active antiretroviral therapy; in vitro fertilization