title: Evaluation of photodynamic therapy on fibroblast viability and cytokine production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy with curcumin (PDT) comparatively to 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and saline solution on cell viability and cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) production by mouse fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty seconds of pre-irradiation time with curcumin 500mg/L and Led wavelength (λ) 480nm, 72Jcm(2), for 300s was used for PDT. Solutions were diluted in culture medium DMEM (1×10(4) cells) and placed into 24-well cell culture plates with mouse fibroblasts L-929. Culture medium was used as control. After 6, 24 and 48h, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) was used to evaluate the cell viability and the supernatant was collected for cytokine evaluation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and BonFerroni correction (p<0.05) for MTT and Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn (p<0.05) for ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PDT and saline solution presented low cytotoxic effect similar to the control group (p>0.05) while 5% NaOCl was more cytotoxic than PDT (p<0.05) in all periods of time. All materials similarly expressed IL-1β and IL-6 regardless to the experimental period (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT with curcumin was not cytotoxic to L929 fibroblasts differently from 5% NaOCl. In all groups occurred similar expression of IL-1β and IL-6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: joao@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: João Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gomes-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavosivieri@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sivieri-Araujo
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: carlasipert@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carla Renata
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sipert
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ludmillasantos@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ludmilla Mota
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: da Silva Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: indiaodonto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Índia Olinta
authors.initials: ÍO
authors.lastname: de Azevedo Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: christinemen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Men Martins
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: kivilla@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nayara Kívilla
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: do Carmo Maia
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: lucianocintra@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Luciano Tavares Angelo
authors.initials: LTA
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: dezan@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Eloi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dezan-Junior
authors.affiliation: Optics Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: vander@ifsc.usp.br.
authors.forename: Vanderlei Salvador
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Science, Discipline of Biochemistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: antoniohernandes@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Antônio Hernandes
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chaves-Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Science, Discipline of Pharmacology, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: shpoliv@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Sandra Helena Penha
authors.initials: SHP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Cytokine; Cytotoxicity; Endodontic treatment; Photodynamic therapy; Root canal irrigants