title: Biological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants to the herbicide simetryne in soils.
abstract: The rotation of rice and wheat is widely used and highly endorsed, and simetryne (s-triazine herbicide) is one of the principal herbicides widely used in this rotation for weed and grass control. However, little is known regarding the mechanism of the ecological and physiological effects of simetryne on wheat crops. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of crop response to simetryne to elucidate the accumulation and phytotoxicity of the herbicide in wheat crops. Wheat plants exposed to 0.8 to 8.0mgkg(-1) simetryne for 7 d exhibited suppressed growth and decreased chlorophyll content. With simetryne concentration in the soil varied from 0.8mgkg(-1) to 8.0mgkg(-1), simetryne was progressively accumulated by the wheat plants. The accumulation of simetryne in the wheat plants not only induced the over production of ROS and injured the membrane lipids but also stimulated the production of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). A test of enzymatic activity and gene expression illustrated that the wheat plants were wise enough to motivate the antioxidant enzymes through both molecular and physiological mechanisms to alleviate the simetryne-induced stress. This study offers an illuminating insight into the effective adaptive response of the wheat plants to the simetryne stress.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Danzhou Scientific Observing an Experimental Station of Agro-Environment Ministry Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Lin Xian
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Jing Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Danzhou Scientific Observing an Experimental Station of Agro-Environment Ministry Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China. Electronic address: yonglin608@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; C033807:simetryn; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002374:Catalase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase
keywords: Accumulation; Antioxidant enzymes; Gene expression; Oxidative stress; Simetryne; Wheat