title: Rutin, quercetin, and free amino acid analysis in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) seeds from different locations.
abstract: In this study, five common buckwheats and nine tartary buckwheats grown at different locations were analyzed for the contents of rutin, quercetin, and amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. The rutin content was higher than quercetin in buckwheat seeds. Rutin content was in the range from 0.05 (0.05 g per 100 g dry seeds) to 1.35% of buckwheat seeds. Quercetin content varied from 0.01 to 0.17% and in some common buckwheats it was even difficult to detect. Comparatively, tartary buckwheat seeds contained more rutin and quercetin than common buckwheat seeds. Meanwhile, the bran has higher rutin content than the farina in tartary buckwheat seeds, with a respective content of 0.45 to 1.19% and 0.14 to 0.67%. It was found that amino acid contents were around 1.79 to 12.65% (farina) and 5.74 to 7.89% (bran) in common buckwheats, and 1.73 to 5.63% (farina) and 2.64 to 16.78% (bran) in tartary buckwheat seeds. The highest total rutin content was found to be 1.35% in tartary buckwheat seeds from Sichuan, China. The highest total amounts of amino acid were detected to be 20.13% in tartary buckwheat seeds from Changzhi, Shanxi Province (China). Our results suggested that food products made of whole-buckwheat flour are healthier than those made of fine white flour.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin