title: Effects of a beverage rich in (poly)phenols on established and novel risk markers for vascular disease in medically uncomplicated overweight or obese subjects: A four week randomized placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if (poly)phenols alter cardiovascular risk factors, we assessed the potential of a high (poly)phenol beverage drink, rich in hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids, to modify vascular function in middle aged, overweight or obese subjects without medical co-morbidity in a randomized placebo controlled pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly assigned active 250 ml beverages containing 361 mg of (poly)phenols and 120 mg of vitamin C or placebo (no polyphenol/vitamin C) were taken twice daily for 4 weeks. Both beverages contained 40 kcals/250 ml. The primary end-points were pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cutaneous microvascular responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetyl choline (ACh) laser doppler iontophoresis. A range of established and novel plasma markers were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty subjects received active beverage and 19 placebo; all completed the study. There was no difference in cutaneous vascular response to either SNP or ACh with mean group differences (logΔ area under perfusion curve) of 0.30 (-0.65, 1.26) and 0.35 (-0.11, 0.81) respectively. Nor was there evidence of a change in log PWV with a mean group difference of 0.029 m/s (-0.042, 0.10). No significant differences were seen in plasma leptin, apolipoproteins, cystatin C, insulin, adiponectin, CRP, ICAM-1, E-Selectin or t-PA, but IL-6 increased in active versus placebo recipients (0.32 vs - 0.18 pg/ml; p=0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no evidence for a short-term beneficial effect of (poly)phenol intervention on microcutaneous vascular response or pulse wave velocity, and no evidence for a benefit on established or novel risk factors in overweight or obese subjects. Our results do not support a short-term benefit of (poly)phenol supplementation on cardiometabolic risk.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical Trials.gov (NCT00795834).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mullan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delles
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology Institute of Immunity, Infection & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: McColl
authors.affiliation: Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, The Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lean
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: Naveed.Sattar@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000009:adverse effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Aortic augmentation index; Cardiovascular risk; Flavonoids; HydroxyCinnamates; Iontophoresis; Obesity; Overweight; Pulse wave velocity; Vascular function