title: Ultraviolet Radiation Enhances the Toxicity of Deepwater Horizon Oil to Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Embryos.
abstract: The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in the accidental release of millions barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Photoinduced toxicity following coexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one mechanism by which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil spills may exert toxicity. Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), an important fishery resource, have positively buoyant, transparent eggs. These characteristics may result in mahi-mahi embryos being at particular risk from photoinduced toxicity. The goal of this study was to determine whether exposure to ultraviolet radiation as natural sunlight enhances the toxicity of crude oil to embryonic mahi-mahi. Mahi-mahi embryos were exposed to several dilutions of water accommodated fractions (WAF) from slick oil collected during the 2010 spill and gradations of natural sunlight in a fully factorial design. Here, we report that coexposure to natural sunlight and WAF significantly reduced percent hatch in mahi-mahi embryos. Effect concentrations of PAH in WAF were within the range of surface PAH concentrations reported in the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon spill. These data suggest that laboratory toxicity tests that do not include UV may underestimate the toxicity of oil spills to early lifestage fish species.
authors.affiliation: University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences 1155 Union Circle #305220 Denton, Texas 76203, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alloy
authors.affiliation: University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences 1155 Union Circle #305220 Denton, Texas 76203, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosell
authors.affiliation: Miami University , Department of Biology, 700 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oris
authors.affiliation: University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences 1155 Union Circle #305220 Denton, Texas 76203, United States.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D008800:Mexico; D010473:Perciformes / Q000196:embryology*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D013472:Sunlight; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical