title: Simultaneous analysis of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in air samples by using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography dual electron capture detection.
abstract: An analytical method associating accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) in immersion mode combined with gas chromatography dual electrons capture detectors (SPME-GC-2ECD) has been developed and studied for the simultaneous determination of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 22 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air samples (active and XAD-2 passive samplers). Samples were extracted with ASE with acetonitrile using the following conditions: temperature, 150 °C; pressure, 1500 psi; static, 15 min; cycles, 3; purge, 300 s; flush, 100 %. Extracts were reduced to 1 mL, and 500 μL of this extract, filled with deionised water, was subject to SPME extraction. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method attained the best extraction efficiency under the optimised conditions: extraction of PCB-OCP mixture using 100-μm PDMS fibre at 80 °C for 40 min with no addition of salt. The performance of the proposed ASE-SPME-GC-2ECD methodology with respect to linearity, limit of quantification and detection was evaluated by spiking of XAD-2 resin with target compounds. The regression coefficient (R (2)) of most compounds was found to be high of 0.99. limits of detection (LODs) are between 0.02 and 4.90 ng m(-3), and limits of quantification (LOQs) are between 0.05 and 9.12 ng m(-3) and between 0.2 and 49 ng/sampler and 0.52 and 91 ng/sampler, respectively, for XAD-2 passive samplers. Finally, a developed procedure was applied to determine selected PCBs and OCPs in the atmosphere.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA), Ecole doctorale des sciences et technologie, Beirut, Lebanon.|Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)-Groupe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Haifaa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mokbel
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA), Ecole doctorale des sciences et technologie, Beirut, Lebanon.|Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)-Groupe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Enaam Jamal
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Al Dine
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA), Ecole doctorale des sciences et technologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elmoll
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)-Groupe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liaud
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)-Groupe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France. mmillet@unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millet
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D004583:Electrons; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: ASE; GC-ECD XAD-2; OCPs; PCBs; Passive sampling; SPME