title: Behavior and population structure of Anopheles darlingi in Colombia.
abstract: Anopheles darlingi is a widely distributed and important malaria vector in Colombia. Biogeographical and ecological heterogeneity across the Colombian distribution led to the hypothesis of behavioral and genetic differentiation among A. darlingi populations. A total of 2017 A. darlingi specimens were collected during 222 h of sampling. This vector was the most abundant anopheline species in most of the localities sampled. Subdivision between samples collected west and east of the Andes was indicated by 1) mitochondrial COI and nuclear CAD sequences from NW-W and CE-S populations (COI ΦST=0.48761-0.81974, CAD FST=0.11319-0.21321), 2) a COI haplotype network, and 3) SAMOVA. Endo- and exophagy were detected in populations west of the Andes, whereas exophagy was evident in PTG, a locality east of the Andes. Isolation by resistance was significant for COI and explained 26% of the genetic differentiation. We suggest that at a macrogeographic scale, the Andes influence the differentiation of A. darlingi in Colombia and may drive divergence, and, at a microgeographic scale, ecological differences have a significant impact on structure. These data could constitute a baseline for the design of effective vector interventions, locality-specific for the east and similar for panmictic populations west of the Andes.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: jezzid4@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naranjo-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA. Electronic address: jan.conn@health.ny.gov.
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: margaritcorrea@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Margarita M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Correa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D001221:Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002223:Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing) / Q000235:genetics*; D003105:Colombia; D004080:Dihydroorotase / Q000235:genetics*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D040961:Genetic Drift; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D058974:Phylogeography; D011156:Population Density
chemical_list: C033626:CAD trifunctional enzyme; D019476:Insect Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D001221:Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; D004080:Dihydroorotase; D002223:Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)
keywords: Andes Mountains; Anopheles darlingi; Ecoregions; Isolation by distance; Isolation by resistance; Population genetics