title: Technique and outcomes of laparoscopic bulge repair after abdominal free flap reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bulges and hernias after abdominal free flap surgery are uncommon with rates ranging from as low as 0-36%. In the free flap breast reconstruction population, there are no clear guidelines or optimal strategies to treating postoperative bulges. We describe our minimally invasive technique and outcomes in managing bulge complications in abdominal free flap breast reconstruction patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed on all abdominal free flap breast reconstruction patients at Albany Medical Center from 2011 to 2014. All patients with bulges on clinical exam underwent abdominal CT imaging prior to consultation with a minimally invasive surgeon. Confirmed symptomatic bulges were repaired laparoscopically and patients were monitored regularly in the outpatient setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two patients received a total of 80 abdominal free flap breast reconstructions. Flap types included 41 deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP), 36 muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominus myocutaneous (msTRAM), 2 superficial inferior epigastric artery, and 1 transverse rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap. There were a total of 9 (14.5%) bulge complications, with the majority of patients having undergone msTRAM or DIEP reconstruction. There were no complications, revisions, or recurrences from laparoscopic bulge repair after an average follow-up of 181 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although uncommon, bulge formation after abdominal free flap reconstruction can create significant morbidity to patients. Laproscopic hernia repair using composite mesh underlay offers an alternative to traditional open hernia repair and can be successfully used to minimize scarring, infection, and pain to free flap patients who have already undergone significant reconstructive procedures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:367-371, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Johnson C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Whipple
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Binetti
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: T Paul
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agag