title: Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) variation in the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Andean region.
abstract: The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) was sequenced for Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) originating from 85 collections from the northern and central Andean countries of South America including Argentina (Tucumán), Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. The ITS1 regions of additional specimens (17 collections) from Central America (México, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panamá), Brazil, Caribbean Colombia, and coastal Venezuela were sequenced and together with published sequences (Paraguay) provided context for interpretation. A total of six ITS1 sequence variants were recognized in the Andean region comprising four groups. Type I predominates in the southernmost range of Anastrepha fraterculus. Type II predominates in its northernmost range. In the central and northern Andes, the geographic distributions overlap and interdigitate with a strong elevational effect. A discussion of relationships between observed ITS1 types and morphometric types is included.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Steck
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Allen L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Norrbom
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Erick J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria del Perú, Lima, Perú
authors.forename: Norma Nolazco
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria e Inocuidad Alimentaria, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Fredy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colque
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
authors.forename: Erick Yábar
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Landa
authors.affiliation: Direccion de Sanidad Agroalimentaria, Gobierno Autónomo Departamental Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Juan José Lagrava
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Direccion de Sanidad Agroalimentaria, Gobierno Autónomo Departamental Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quisberth
authors.affiliation: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Emilio Arévalo
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Peñaranda
authors.affiliation: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: P A Rodriguez
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clavijo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú; Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Jeniffer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Baca
authors.affiliation: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Tito Guevara
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion Translaciónal, La Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponce
keywords: Diptera; Molecular; fruit fly