title: [Normal reference values and predict equations of heart function].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For heart functional parameters, we commonly used normal range. The reference values and predict formulas of heart functional parameters and their relationships with individual characteristics are still lack.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventricular (LV) volumes (end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured by cardiac CT angiography (CAT) in 1 200 healthy Caucasian volunteers, men 807 and women 393, and age 20-90yr. The results are analyzed by high-accuracy three-dimensional imaging technology, and then measured the dynamic changes of the volumes of each atriam and ventricule during their contractions and relaxations. The gender, age, height and weight were analyzed by multiple linear regression to predict LV functional parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except the LVEF was lower in man than in women (P < 0.001), all other LV functional parameters of EDV, ESV, SV, FE and CO were higher in man (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression indicated that age, gender, height and weight are all independent factors of EDV, ESV and SV (P < 0.001). CO could be significantly predicted by age, gender and weight (P < 0.001), but not height (P > 0.05). The predict equation for CO (L x min(-1)) = 6.963+0.446 (Male) -0.037 x age (yr) +0.013 x weight (kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, gender, height and weight are predictors of heart functions. The reference values and predict equations are important for noninvasive and accurate evaluation of cardiovascular disease and individualized treatment.
authors.forename: Zhi-nan
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.lastname: Sun Xing-guo
authors.forename: Song-shou
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: Wan-gang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sheng-shou
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002302:Cardiac Output; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult