title: The Road Less Travelled: Exploring Gay and Bisexual Men's Explanations of 'Uncommon' Routes of HIV Transmission.
abstract: Although there are practices other than condomless anal intercourse that may result in HIV transmission among gay and bisexual men, very little is known about these 'uncommon' transmission explanations. To address this topic, the free text survey responses from 465 HIV positive gay men in Australia were thematically analysed; 123 participants offered uncommon explanations for their seroconversion. Men described several sexual acts they believed led to infection, categorised as adventurous sex (e.g., fisting) and foreplay (e.g., oral sex). Participants also identified mediating factors associated with their seroconversion, either internal (e.g., cum/pre-cum) or external (e.g., sores, illness) to sex. Finally, contextual forces associated with infection were also explored, namely physical spaces (e.g., sex on premises venues) or mental states (e.g., depression). While some uncommon explanations are unlikely to have resulted in HIV transmission, these accounts reveal the diverse and intersecting ways that men attempt to make sense of their seroconversion.
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Australia, Level 6 Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. d.callander@unsw.edu.au.|Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. d.callander@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Denton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Callander
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Australia, Level 6 Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.|Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Garrett
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prestage
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellard
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Australia, Level 6 Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Triffitt
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Australia, Level 6 Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Down
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001727:Bisexuality; D003075:Coitus; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gay men; HIV; Seroconversion; Uncommon transmission