title: Identification of Phenolic Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Euphorbia Tirucalli L.
abstract: Bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources can benefit human health. The aim of this work was to determine total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli L. followed by identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds, as well as their antibacterial activities. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH and ABTS(•+) assay. Identification of phenolic compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antimicrobial activities were verified by agar dilution methods and MIC values. Total phenolic content ranged from 7.73 to 30.54 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalent. Extracts from dry plants showed higher antioxidant activities than those from fresh ones. The DPPH EC50 values were approximately 12.15 μg/mL and 16.59 μg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activity measured by the ABTS method yielded values higher than 718.99 μM trolox/g for dry plants, while by the Rancimat(®) system yielded protection factors exceeding 1 for all extracts, comparable to synthetic BHT. Ferulic acid was the principal phenolic compound identified and quantified through HPLC-UV in all extracts. The extracts proved effective inhibitory potential for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. These results showed that extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli L. have excellent antioxidant capacity and moderate antimicrobial activity. These can be attributed to the high concentration of ferulic acid.
authors.affiliation: NIPA-Nucleus of Applied Immunoparasitology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. kelinemed@gmail.com.|Master Degree Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. kelinemed@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Keline Medeiros
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal Technological Institute of Piauí, Teresina 64001-010, Brazil. alessandro@ifpi.edu.br.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal Technological Institute of Piauí, Teresina 64001-010, Brazil. jurandy@ifpi.edu.br.
authors.forename: Jurandy do N
authors.initials: Jdo N
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal Technological Institute of Piauí, Teresina 64001-010, Brazil. larisages@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Larissa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. adriany1210@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adriany G N
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. pquelemes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patrick V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Quelemes
authors.affiliation: Master Degree Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. raimundaphb@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Raimunda C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Master Degree Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. jeffersonkalel@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jefferson A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Master Degree Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. erykaandrades@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Éryka O
authors.initials: ÉO
authors.lastname: de Andrades
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. jrsaleite@gmail.com.|Master Degree Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. jrsaleite@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José Roberto S A
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil. jmancini@usp.br.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancini-Filho
authors.affiliation: NIPA-Nucleus of Applied Immunoparasitology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. rtrindade@pharma.ufrj.br.|Master Degree Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil. rtrindade@pharma.ufrj.br.|Department of Toxicological and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil. rtrindade@pharma.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Reginaldo Almeida
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: da Trindade
keywords: Euphorbia tirucalli L.; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; phenolic compounds