title: Continuous adsorption and biotransformation of micropollutants by granular activated carbon-bound laccase in a packed-bed enzyme reactor.
abstract: Laccase was immobilized on granular activated carbon (GAC) and the resulting GAC-bound laccase was used to degrade four micropollutants in a packed-bed column. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized laccase showed high residual activities over a broad range of pH and temperature. The GAC-bound laccase efficiently removed four micropollutants, namely, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, diclofenac and bisphenol A, commonly detected in raw wastewater and wastewater-impacted water sources. Mass balance analysis showed that these micropollutants were enzymatically degraded following adsorption onto GAC. Higher degradation efficiency of micropollutants by the immobilized compared to free laccase was possibly due to better electron transfer between laccase and substrate molecules once they have adsorbed onto the GAC surface. Results here highlight the complementary effects of adsorption and enzymatic degradation on micropollutant removal by GAC-bound laccase. Indeed laccase-immobilized GAC outperformed regular GAC during continuous operation of packed-bed columns over two months (a throughput of 12,000 bed volumes).
authors.affiliation: Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong (UOW), NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Luong N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong (UOW), NSW 2522, Australia. Electronic address: faisal@uow.edu.au.
authors.forename: Faisal I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Hai
authors.affiliation: Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, UOW, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dosseto
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, UOW, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Chemistry, UOW, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong (UOW), NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Long D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Nghiem
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D055162:Biocatalysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D001711:Biotransformation; D002606:Charcoal / Q000378:metabolism*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016062:Porosity; D059027:Recycling; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D042845:Laccase; D012722:Sewage; D012996:Solutions; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biotransformation; Granular activated carbon; Immobilization; Laccase; Micropollutants