title: Slip Potential for Commonly Used Inclined Grated Metal Walkways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No specific guidelines or regulations are provided by the Mine Safety and Health Administration for the use of inclined grated metal walkways in mining plants. Mining and other companies may be using walkway materials that do not provide sufficient friction, contributing to slip and fall injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if there are significant differences in the required friction for different grated metal walkways during walking in diverse conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The normalized coefficients of friction were measured for 12 participants while walking up and down an instrumented walkway with different inclinations (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°) and with and without the presence of a contaminant (glycerol). Self-reported slip events were recorded and the required coefficients of friction were calculated considering only the anterior/posterior components of the shear forces. Additionally, the available coefficients of friction for these walkway materials were measured at the 0° orientation using a tribometer, with and without the presence of the contaminant, using a boot heel as well as Neolite as the test feet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of slips increased when the inclination angle reached 10° and above. Of all materials tested, the diamond weave grating was found to have the best performance at all inclines and when contaminated or dry. A high number of slips occurred for the perforated grating and serrated bar grating at 20° when contaminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggest that the diamond weave grating provides significantly better friction compared to serrated bar and perforated gratings, especially at inclines greater than 10°.
authors.affiliation: Human Factors Branch, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
authors.forename: Jonisha P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.affiliation: Surveillance and Statistics Branch, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Heberger
authors.affiliation: Human Factors Branch, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Dempsey
keywords: Required coefficient of friction; available coefficient of friction; inclined walkway; slip; walkway grating