title: Insights into the venom composition and evolution of an endoparasitoid wasp by combining proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.
abstract: Parasitoid wasps are abundant and diverse hymenopteran insects that lay their eggs into the internal body (endoparasitoid) or on the external surface (ectoparasitoid) of their hosts. To make a more conducive environment for the wasps' young, both ecto- and endoparasitoids inject venoms into the host to modulate host immunity, metabolism and development. Endoparasitoids have evolved from ectoparasitoids independently in different hymenopteran lineages. Pteromalus puparum, a pupal endoparasitoid of various butterflies, represents a relatively recent evolution of endoparasitism within pteromalids. Using a combination of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we have identified 70 putative venom proteins in P. puparum. Most of them show higher similarity to venom proteins from the related ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis than from other more distantly related endoparasitoids. In addition, 13 venom proteins are similar to venoms of distantly related endoparasitoids but have no detectable venom matches in Nasonia. These venom proteins may have a role in adaptation to endoparasitism. Overall, these results lay the groundwork for more detailed studies of venom function and adaptation to the endoparasitic lifestyle.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Jinding
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Werren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Gongyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002080:Butterflies / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D040901:Proteomics; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D014688:Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014863:Wasps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D014688:Venoms