title: Communication: X-ray coherent diffractive imaging by immersion in nanodroplets.
abstract: Lensless x-ray microscopy requires the recovery of the phase of the radiation scattered from a specimen. Here, we demonstrate a de novo phase retrieval technique by encapsulating an object in a superfluid helium nanodroplet, which provides both a physical support and an approximate scattering phase for the iterative image reconstruction. The technique is robust, fast-converging, and yields the complex density of the immersed object. Images of xenon clusters embedded in superfluid helium droplets reveal transient configurations of quantum vortices in this fragile system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Rico Mayro P
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tanyag
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernando
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Curtis F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bacellar
authors.affiliation: Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Ken R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anielski
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boll
authors.affiliation: Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carron
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cryan
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Giessenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Englert
authors.forename: Sascha W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Epp
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erk
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foucar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: PNSensor GmbH , Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Neumark
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rolles
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rudek
authors.forename: Artem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudenko
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Katrin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Siefermann
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bostedt
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gessner
authors.forename: Andrey F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Vilesov