title: Laparoscopic Indocyanine Green Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Endometrial Cancer.
abstract: In endometrial cancer (EMCA), indocyanine green (ICG) sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has been reported, mainly in conjunction with robotic surgery.
  
  
  
  We aimed to evaluate detection rates, sensitivity, and false negative (FN) rate of laparoscopic ICG SLN mapping in EMCA, and to evaluate differences in surgical outcomes between patients subjected to SLN biopsy only versus lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  
  A retrospective analysis of EMCA patients undergoing ICG SLN mapping ± pelvic (PLND) and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PALND) was performed. Detection rates were calculated for the entire cohort. Sensitivity and FN rates were calculated for patients undergoing lymphadenectomy after SLN mapping, and surgical outcome was compared among patients undergoing SLN mapping only versus lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  
  Of 75 patients, 33 underwent SLN mapping and 42 underwent SLN mapping followed by PLND/PALND. Overall and bilateral detection rates were 96 % (72/75) and 88 % (66/75), respectively, and the median number of removed SLNs, pelvic non-SLNs (NSLN) and para-aortic NSLNs was 3, 27, and 19, respectively. With a FN rate of 8.3 %, only one patient had bilateral FN SLNs and a metastatic para-aortal NSLN. Estimated blood loss (EBL) and operative (OR) time were significantly lower in patients undergoing SLN mapping only. No differences in complication rates between patients undergoing SLN mapping only and patients undergoing lymphadenectomy were recorded.
  
  
  
  Laparoscopic ICG SLN mapping has excellent overall and bilateral detection rates and a low FN rate. Compared with lymphadenectomy, SLN biopsy is associated with significantly lower EBL and shorter OR time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Berne and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. andrea.papadia@insel.ch.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadia
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Berne and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imboden
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Berne and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siegenthaler
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Berne and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.|Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gasparri
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Berne and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Berne and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Berne and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000071036:Sentinel Lymph Node / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green