title: Strontium-substituted bioactive glasses in vitro osteogenic and antibacterial effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bioactive glass forms a bone mineral apatite interface and can be engineered to promote optimal bone regeneration. Strontium (Sr(2+)) stimulates osteoblast and inhibits osteoclast activities in vitro, and is used clinically as a treatment for osteoporosis. Dental bone defect repair requires rapid bone formation for early osseointegration but, can be subject to infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic and antibacterial effects of strontium-substituted bioactive glasses in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strontium-substituted bioactive glasses were designed and produced. Then the osteogenic potential and antibacterial effects of bioactive glass particulates were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alkaline phosphatase activity, cell number, Type I collagen and mineral nodule formation of MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly promoted by the 5% strontium-substituted glass (5Sr). Furthermore, after incubation with 0.001g and 0.01g glass particulates, the growth of sub-gingival bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis was significantly inhibited; the antibacterial activity being dependent on the percentage of strontium in the glasses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that strontium-substituted bioactive glasses significantly promote osteogenic responses of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells and inhibit the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis.
authors.affiliation: Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
authors.forename: Simon C F
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.affiliation: Unit of Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK. Electronic address: f.fortune@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fortune
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002452:Cell Count; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D024042:Collagen Type I; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D013324:Strontium
keywords: Antibacterial; Apatite; Bioactive glass; Osteogenesis; Strontium