title: Effect of long-term industrial waste effluent pollution on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community composition.
abstract: Although numerous studies have addressed the influence of exogenous pollutants on microorganisms, the effect of long-term industrial waste effluent (IWE) pollution on the activity and diversity of soil bacteria was still unclear. Three soil samples characterized as uncontaminated (R1), moderately contaminated (R2), and highly contaminated (R3) receiving mixed organic and heavy metal pollutants for more than 20 years through IWE were collected along the Mahi River basin, Gujarat, western India. Basal soil respiration and in situ enzyme activities indicated an apparent deleterious effect of IWE on microbial activity and soil function. Community composition profiling of soil bacteria using 16S rRNA gene amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method indicated an apparent bacterial community shift in the IWE-affected soils. Cloning and sequencing of DGGE bands revealed that the dominated bacterial phyla in polluted soil were affiliated with Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, indicating that these bacterial phyla may have a high tolerance to pollutants. We suggested that specific bacterial phyla along with soil enzyme activities could be used as relevant biological indicators for long-term pollution assessment on soil quality. Graphical Abstract Bacterial community profiling and soil enzyme activities in long-term industrial waste effluent polluted soils.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.|Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India.|Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, 785700, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Gangavarapu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Subrahmanyam
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Pei
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India.
authors.forename: Gattupalli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Archana
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China. zhanglm@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: 16S rRNA gene; Biological indicators; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; Industrial waste effluent; Long-term pollution; Soil enzyme activity