title: Was molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) present in archaeological case series?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With respect to the unknown aetiology of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), it is unclear whether this phenomenon was overlooked in the last century as a result of a high number of caries in children or if this developmental disorder was not present until then. Therefore, this study determined the presence of MIH in historical dentitions and teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental remains from late medieval (n = 191, twelfth-sixteenth century, Regensburg, Germany), post-medieval (n = 33, sixteenth-eighteenth century, Passau, Germany) and modern age archaeological skeletal series (n = 99, nineteenth-twentieth century, Altdorf, Germany) were examined for MIH. In addition, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), diffuse opacities, hypoplasia and Turner's teeth were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIH-related demarcated opacities or enamel breakdowns were found in only 15 (0.4 %) of the 3891 examined permanent teeth. Ten cases (3.1 %) from a total of 323 dentitions were classified as having MIH. In contrast, 98 individuals (30.3 %) showed LEH. Other enamel disorders were recorded in 64 individuals (19.8 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With respect to the low number of affected dentitions and teeth, MIH most likely did not exist or was at least rarely present in the investigated archaeological case series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the hypothesis that MIH may be linked to contemporary living conditions or other health-related factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. jkuehn@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kühnisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lauenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pitchika
authors.affiliation: Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGlynn
authors.affiliation: Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staskiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.affiliation: Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grupe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000473:pathology*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D010161:Paleodontology; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Dental anthropology; Developmental defects; Enamel hypomineralisation; Molar incisor hypomineralisation