title: Three-dimensional skeleton networks of graphene wrapped polyaniline nanofibers: an excellent structure for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors.
abstract: Thin, robust, lightweight, and flexible supercapacitors (SCs) have aroused growing attentions nowadays due to the rapid development of flexible electronics. Graphene-polyaniline (PANI) hybrids are attractive candidates for high performance SCs. In order to utilize them in real devices, it is necessary to improve the capacitance and the structure stability of PANI. Here we report a hierarchical three-dimensional structure, in which all of PANI nanofibers (NFs) are tightly wrapped inside reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheet skeletons, for high-performance flexible SCs. The as-fabricated film electrodes with this unique structure showed a highest gravimetric specific capacitance of 921 F/g and volumetric capacitance of 391 F/cm(3). The assembled solid-state SCs gave a high specific capacitance of 211 F/g (1 A/g), a high area capacitance of 0.9 F/cm(2), and a competitive volumetric capacitance of 25.6 F/cm(3). The SCs also exhibited outstanding rate capability (~75% retention at 20 A/g) as well as excellent cycling stability (100% retention at 10 A/g for 2000 cycles). Additionally, no structural failure and loss of performance were observed under the bending state. This structure design paves a new avenue for engineering rGO/PANI or other similar hybrids for high performance flexible energy storage devices.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.|School of Materials Science &Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue Block, 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nantao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science &Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue Block, 639798, Singapore.|Solar Fuels Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science &Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue Block, 639798, Singapore.|Solar Fuels Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hanbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States.
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science &Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue Block, 639798, Singapore.|Solar Fuels Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zhichuan J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Xu