title: Evolution of the fish heart by sub/neofunctionalization of an elastin gene.
abstract: The evolution of phenotypic traits is a key process in diversification of life. However, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such evolutionary novelties are largely unknown. Here we address the origin of bulbus arteriosus (BA), an organ of evolutionary novelty seen in the teleost heart outflow tract (OFT), which sophisticates their circulatory system. The BA is a unique organ that is composed of smooth muscle while the OFTs in other vertebrates are composed of cardiac muscle. Here we reveal that the teleost-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) gene, elastin b, was generated by the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication and neofunctionalized to contribute to acquisition of the BA by regulating cell fate determination of cardiac precursor cells into smooth muscle. Furthermore, we show that the mechanotransducer yap is involved in this cell fate determination. Our findings reveal a mechanism of generating evolutionary novelty through alteration of cell fate determination by the ECM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Ecological Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.|Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.affiliation: Phyloinformatics Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuraku
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Fred W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Keeley
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.|Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshiba-Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004549:Elastin; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005399:Fishes; D020440:Gene Duplication / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D004549:Elastin