title: Thoracoscopic lobectomy for pulmonary vein occlusion after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is well established but not drawback free. Pulmonary vein stenosis is one of the complications and usually treated with stenting with the disadvantages of high re-stenosis rate and anticoagulant dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein, we present the case of a 47 year-old lady, who suffered from fever and hemoptysis due to right inferior pulmonary vein occlusion after radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Eventually, thoracoscopic right lower lung lobectomy was inevitable with satisfactory result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary vein stenosis is a major complication after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. High suspicion and early detection in patients with pulmonary manifestations are mandatory for salvage the injured lung in early. If delayed, surgical resection of the involved lung, especially through the thoracoscopic approach will eradicate the problem with minimal complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Tapei Rd, Niaosung District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan, Republic of China. t123207424@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chien-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Tapei Rd, Niaosung District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan, Republic of China. luhungi@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Hung-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Tapei Rd, Niaosung District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan, Republic of China. yenyu1983@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Yen-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Tapei Rd, Niaosung District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan, Republic of China. c9112772@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Jen-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery; D011668:Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed