title: Sleep disturbances are associated with psychotic experiences: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
abstract: Sleep disturbances have been linked to psychotic experiences in the general adult populations of multiple countries, but this association has yet to be confirmed in the United States using robust diagnostic measures. We analyzed a subsample (n=2304) of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, and found that when compared with those who did not report any sleep problems, individuals with sleep disturbances lasting two weeks or longer over the past 12months were significantly more likely to report at least one psychotic experience during that same time frame. Specifically, difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, early morning awakenings, and feeling sleepy during the day were each associated with greater odds of reporting psychotic experiences over the past year after controlling for socio-demographic variables. However, only difficulty falling asleep and early morning awakenings were still significant after adjusting for DSM comorbid disorders. Reporting three or four types of sleep disturbances was especially predictive of psychotic experiences. Our findings underscore the importance of detecting and reducing sleep problems among individuals who report PE.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA; Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue Suite #1200, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. Electronic address: hansoh@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Hans Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0810, USA. Electronic address: fsingh@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Fiza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Research and Development Unit, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08830, Spain. Electronic address: a.koyanagi@pssjd.org.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jameson
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: schiffma@umbc.edu.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: jdevylder@ssw.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeVylder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Insomnia; NCS-R; Psychotic experiences; Sleep