title: Differential expression of HLA-G and ILT-2 receptor in human tuberculosis: Localized versus disseminated disease.
abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive molecule that can modulate immune cell activation. The role of HLA-G in tuberculosis, an immune-mediated and chronic bacterial disease remains to be elucidated. We investigated the expression profile of soluble and membrane bound HLA-G in pulmonary TB (PTB), TB pleural effusion (TB-PE, localized disease) and Miliary TB (disseminated form). The expression of HLA-G receptor, ILT-2 was also determined on the immune cells. We observed that the plasma sHLA-G levels were significantly increased in Miliary TB than in TB-PE patients. In contrast, immunophenotyping revealed that the percent frequency of CD3(+) T cells expressing HLA-G was significantly reduced in Miliary TB as compared to TB-PE, whereas frequency of CD14(+) monocytes expressing HLA-G was significantly higher in TB-PE patients. Strikingly in the TB-PE cases, comparison of disease site, i.e. pleural effusion with peripheral blood showed increased expression of both soluble and surface HLA-G, whereas ILT-2 expressing cells were reduced at the local disease site. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in TB-PE cases, HLA-G expression on CD3(+) T cells was influenced by broad spectrum MMP inhibitor. Thus, differential expression of HLA-G could potentially be a useful biomarker to distinguish different states of TB disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saurabh
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Deepshi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thakral
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mourya
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Rajan Babu TB & Chest Hospital, GTB Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anuj K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: salilmitra2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dipendra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: umakanga@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kanga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000075362:Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; C105299:LILRB1 protein, human; D000075362:Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic
keywords: HLA-G; ILT-2; Miliary tuberculosis; Tuberculosis-pleural effusion