title: Construction of an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes/Gold Nanoparticles for Trace Determination of Amoxicillin in Bovine Milk.
abstract: In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor was fabricated for determination of amoxicillin in bovine milk samples by decoration of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using ethylenediamine (en) as a cross linker (AuNPs/en-MWCNTs). The constructed nanocomposite was homogenized in dimethylformamide and drop casted on screen printed electrode. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the synthesized nanocomposites. The results show that the synthesized nanocomposites induced a remarkable synergetic effect for the oxidation of amoxicillin. Effect of some parameters, including pH, buffer, scan rate, accumulation potential, accumulation time and amount of casted nanocomposites, on the sensitivity of fabricated sensor were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, there was two linear calibration ranges from 0.2-10 µM and 10-30 µM with equations of Ipa (µA) = 2.88C (µM) + 1.2017; r = 0.9939 and Ipa (µA) = 0.88C (µM) + 22.97; r = 0.9973, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were calculated as 0.015 µM and 0.149 µM, respectively. The fabricated electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for determination of Amoxicillin in bovine milk samples and all results compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) standard method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. amnakowa@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Aliyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. azahy@upm.edu.my.|Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. azahy@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Nor Azah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. rezahajian@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hajian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. jafar@upm.edu.my.|Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. jafar@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Jaafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006046:Gold; D000658:Amoxicillin
keywords: AuNPs; MWCNTs; amoxicillin; bovine milk; electrochemical sensor; ethylediamine