title: Effect of Vascular Risk Factors and Diseases on Mortality in Individuals with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors on mortality in individuals with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis. English- and Dutch-language studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched in April 2014 with hand-searching of in-text citations and no publication limitations. Inclusion criteria were original studies reporting on cardiovascular risk factors or diseases and their relationship with survival in individuals with dementia. The Quality In Prognosis Studies tool was used to appraise all included articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-, hospital-, and nursing home-based.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling, hospitalized individuals and nursing home residents with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of several cardiovascular diseases and risk factors on overall mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies with 235,865 participants were included. In pooled analyses, male sex (hazard ratio (HR)=1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.56-1.78), diabetes mellitus (DM) (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.33-1.68), smoking (ever vs never) (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.17-1.61), coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.02-1.44) and congestive heart failure (CHF) (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.18-1.59) were associated with mortality. Stroke, high blood pressure, being overweight, and hypercholesterolemia were not statistically significantly related to mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with dementia and DM, smoking, CHD, and CHF have a greater risk of death than individuals with dementia without these risk factors or diseases.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irene E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: van de Vorst
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Huiberdina L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Koek
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rehana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michiel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Reitsma
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ilonca
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vaartjes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
keywords: cardiovascular disease; dementia; meta-analysis; prognosis; review