title: Therapist and client discussions of drinking and coping: a sequential analysis of therapy dialogues in three evidence-based alcohol use disorder treatments.
abstract: Research into the active ingredients of behavioral interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUD) has focused upon treatment-specific factors, often yielding disappointing results. The present study examines common factors of change in motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and 12-Step facilitation therapy by (1) estimating transitional probabilities between therapist behaviors and subsequent client Change (CT) and Sustain (ST) Talk and (2) examining therapist skillfulness as a potential predictor of transition probability magnitude.
  
  
  
  Secondary data analysis examined temporal associations in therapy dialogues.
  
  
  
  United States: data were from Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Homogeneity) (1997).
  
  
  
  One hundred and twenty-six participants who received motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy or 12-Step facilitation therapy.
  
  
  
  Therapist behaviors were measured in three categories (exploring, teaching, connecting) and client statements included five categories (CT-distal, ST-distal, CT-proximal, ST-proximal, neutral). Therapist skillfulness was measured using a five-point ordinal scale.
  
  
  
  Relative to chance, therapist exploratory behaviors predicted subsequent client discussion of distal, drinking behavior [odds ratio (OR) = 1.37-1.78, P < 0.001] while suppressing discussion of proximal coping and neutral content (OR = 0.83-0.90, P < 0.01). Unexpectedly, therapist teaching suppressed distal drinking language (OR = 0.48-0.53, P < 0.001) and predicted neutral content (OR = 1.45, P < 0.001). Connecting behaviors increased both drinking and coping language, particularly language in favor of change (CT OR = 1.15-1.84, P < 0.001). Analyses of exploring and connecting skillfulness revealed that high skillfulness maximized these behaviors effect on client responses, but not teaching skillfulness.
  
  
  
  In motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and 12-Step facilitation therapy for alcohol use disorders, the therapists who explore and connect with clients appear to be more successful at eliciting discussion about change than therapists who engage in teaching behavior. Therapists who are more skilled achieve better results than those who are less skilled.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magill
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walthers
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Nadine R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mastroleo
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.|Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaume
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longabaugh
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO, USA.|University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Apodaca
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Alcohol treatment; active ingredients; change talk; mechanisms of behavior change; process research; sequential analysis