title: Stimulus-dependent neuronal cell responses in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the intracellular mechanisms that cause neuronal cell death following exposure to excitatory neurotransmitter‑induced neurotoxicity, neurotoxins and oxidative stress. Human SH‑SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to various stimuli, including glutamate, 6‑hydroxydopamine (6‑OHDA), and glucose oxidase, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Early apoptosis and necrosis were examined by Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and flow cytometric analysis. Intracellular calcium ion concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by Fluo‑3a and JC‑1 staining, respectively. In addition, protein expression of receptor‑interacting protein (RIP) kinase 1 and RIP kinase 3 were evaluated by western blotting. Glutamate, 6‑OHDA and glucose oxidase treatment decreased cell viability. Glutamate induced apoptosis and necrosis, whereas, 6‑OHDA induced cell necrosis and glucose oxidase induced apoptosis. Furthermore, glutamate, 6‑OHDA or glucose oxidase treatment significantly increased intracellular calcium concentrations (P<0.05). The effect of glutamate on mitochondrial membrane potential varied with high and low concentrations, whereas 6‑OHDA and glucose oxidase significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in the SH‑SY5Y cells (P<0.05). Glutamate significantly upregulated expression levels of RIP kinase 1 (P<0.05), but not RIP kinase 3. These findings demonstrate that the response of SH‑SY5Y cells varies with the stimuli. Furthermore, RIP kinase 1 may specifically regulate programmed necrosis in glutamate‑mediated excitatory toxicity, but not in cell damage induced by either 6-OHDA or glucose oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Laijing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016627:Oxidopamine; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; C506249:RIPK1 protein, human; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D002118:Calcium