title: Lung cancer treatment outcomes in recipients of lung transplant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung transplant recipients develop lung cancer more commonly than the general population. The best treatment approach for these patients is unclear. The goal of this study is to evaluate treatment outcomes in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the Cleveland Clinic lung transplant database to identify patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the time of or after lung transplant. Transplant and lung cancer-related data were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 847 patients underwent lung transplant between 2005 and 2013, 17 (2%) were diagnosed with lung cancer and included. Median age was 61 (range, 48-70) years. Majority were stage I/II (n=11), one had stage IIIA, five had stage IV. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were more common than small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (n=15 vs. 2). Curative treatment was performed as lobectomy in native lung (n=1), and radiation in transplanted lung (n=2). Chemotherapy was given in 10 patients, primarily carboplatin-based doublets with docetaxel, pemetrexed, or etoposide. Six of these received palliative chemotherapy for either metastases at diagnosis (n=3) or recurrence after early stage disease (n=3). Except for one patient with complete response, all others had progressive disease following palliative chemotherapy. Overall, patients who received chemotherapy had a median survival of 7.5 months from the initiation of chemotherapy, but 30% developed grade 5 sepsis. Median survival for stage I-IIIA and stage IV were 23.2 and 2.5 months respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung cancer in lung transplant recipients carries various clinical courses. Patients with metastatic disease have substantial toxicities from chemotherapy and poor survival. Early stage patients should be offered treatment with modified dosages to decrease the risk of severe toxicities.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA ; 2 Department of Solid Tumor Biology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 3 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 4 Division of Medical Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA ; 2 Department of Solid Tumor Biology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 3 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 4 Division of Medical Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA ; 2 Department of Solid Tumor Biology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 3 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 4 Division of Medical Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA ; 2 Department of Solid Tumor Biology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 3 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA ; 4 Division of Medical Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashemi-Sadraei
keywords: Lung cancer; chemotherapy; lung transplant; outcome