title: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults presenting for bariatric surgery in Lebanon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency is common among obese patients presenting for bariatric surgery in Europe and North America. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this patient population in Lebanon and the Middle East has not been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the rate of vitamin D deficiency in a cohort of patients presenting for bariatric surgery in Lebanon.
  
  
  METHODS
  American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was extracted from a prospective database of patients presenting for bariatric surgery at the American University of Beirut Medical Center from July 2011 until June 2014. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was determined using established cut-offs followed by analysis of the relationship between low vitamin D and certain patient characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than two thirds of all patients (68.9%) were vitamin D deficient (≤19.9 ng/mL), whereas 22.6% had insufficient levels (20-29.9 ng/mL) and only 8.6 % had sufficient levels (≥30 ng/mL). Vitamin D levels were inversely associated with BMI>50 kg/m(2). Low vitamin D levels were also correlated with younger age, male gender, lack of physical exercise, and nonsunny season. No association was shown between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, osteoarticular disease, hypertension, or depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among patients with Class II or Class III obesity presenting for bariatric surgery in Lebanon. These findings emphasize the need for careful attention when evaluating patients before bariatric surgery and the importance of providing patients with adequate supplementation.
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hanaa Dakour
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Aridi
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ramzi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Alami
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fouani
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ghassan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shamseddine
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: bs21@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Bassem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Safadi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Vitamin D; Vitamin D deficiency; Weight loss