title: Neonatal hypoglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The screening and management for neonatal hypoglycemia remains a confusing and contentious problem in neonatology. The purpose of this article is to contrast recent recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Endocrine Society.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using different methodologies, the organizations have significant differences on whom to screen and what levels of glucose should be used for management. The identification of the first 48 h as a transitional hyperinsulinemic state is a new important concept. The neuroendocrine approach is contrasted with a neurodevelopmental strategy to find levels that exceed those associated with neuroglycopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questions remain the same when it comes to screening and management of neonatal low-glucose levels. Recent outcome studies with differing results continue to add to the controversy as to what to do at the bedside. It is uncertain if universal screening of glucose levels in the first hours should be applied to all newborn infants. Persistent hypoglycemic syndromes must be identified prior to discharge.
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Adamkin
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose