title: Strategies for Transferring Mixtures of Organic Contaminants from Aquatic Environments into Bioassays.
abstract: Mixtures of organic contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment. Depending on their persistence and physicochemical properties, individual chemicals that make up the mixture partition and distribute within the environment and might then jointly elicit toxicological effects. For the assessment and monitoring of such mixtures, a variety of cell-based in vitro and low-complexity in vivo bioassays based on algae, daphnids or fish embryos are available. A very important and sometimes unrecognized challenge is how to combine sampling, extraction and dosing to transfer the mixtures from the environment into bioassays, while conserving (or re-establishing) their chemical composition at adjustable levels for concentration-effect assessment. This article outlines various strategies for quantifiable transfer from environmental samples including water, sediment, and biota into bioassays using total extraction or polymer-based passive sampling combined with either solvent spiking or passive dosing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jahnke
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Miljøvej B113, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Qualitative Hydrology, German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, DE-56068 Koblenz, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Technology, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , Ulmenliet 20, DE-21033 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gesine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.|Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12, DE-72074 Tübingen, Germany.|National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: Beate I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Escher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical