title: Effects of contemporary orthodontic composites on tooth color following short-term fixed orthodontic treatment: a controlled clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the color alterations of natural teeth associated with different orthodontic composites used in comprehensive short-term treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients were treated with fixed appliances and 22 untreated subjects were also evaluated. Lower incisors were bonded with different orthodontic composites: 42 with Grengloo, 41 with Light Bond, 31 with Kurasper F, and 32 with Transbond XT. The color parameters of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) were measured for each tooth with a spectrophotometer. Color assessment in relation to time, adhesive material, and their interaction was made with 2-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVA for the color differences (ΔE*). Further analyses were done using Tukey's honestly significant difference tests and paired-samples t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The color of teeth was affected by treatment. The mean L* and a* values increased, whereas the mean b* values decreased. Total color differences of teeth demonstrated visible color changes clinically after treatment, ranging from 1.12 to 3.34 ΔE units. However, there were no significant differences for color of enamel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Teeth may be discolored with fixed appliances during treatment. Moreover, contemporary orthodontic composites have similar effects of enamel discoloration.
authors.forename: Bayram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cörekçi
authors.forename: Ebubekir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toy
authors.forename: Firat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Siddik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malkoç
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oztürk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013053:Spectrophotometry