title: Impurities of Resorcinol Bis(diphenyl phosphate) in Plastics and Dust Collected on Electric/Electronic Material.
abstract: Resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant widely used in electric and electronic equipment. It has been detected in house dust of several European countries according to recent literature. Similar to other flame retardants, RDP formulations and products treated with RDP, such as plastics, can contain RDP impurities, byproducts and breakdown products. In this study, we use screening methods based on wide scope solvent extraction and high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of RDP related compounds in products and in dust. We analyzed both plastics from electrical/electronic equipment that contained RDP and indoor dust collected on and around surfaces of this equipment. A variety of compounds, namely TPHP, hydroxylated TPHP and RDP (meta-HO-TPHP and meta-HO-RDP), dihydroxylated TPHP, RDP with the loss of a phenyl group (RDP-[Phe]) and RDP oligomers were detected in plastics containing high levels of RDP. Regarding dust samples collected on electronics, TPHP meta-HO-TPHP, meta-HO-RDP, RDP-[Phe] and RDP oligomers were detected. High concentrations of meta-HO-TPHP (20-14 227 ng/g), TPHP (222-50 728 ng/g) and RDP (23-29 118 ng/g) were found in many of the dust samples, so that these compounds seem to easily migrate into the environment. These RDP impurities, byproducts and breakdown products are for the first time reported in indoor dust. Meta-HO-TPHP could be relevant for future biomonitoring studies concerning flame retardants.
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam , Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballesteros-Gómez
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam , Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Aragón
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van den Eede
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam , Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covaci
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D059029:Electronic Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D010969:Plastics; D012118:Resorcinols; C000592165:resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate)