title: Endovascular Management of Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas.
abstract: Spinal vascular malformations, although rare, cause devastating disease. These malformations are commonly categorized as follows: spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), spinal hemangiomas, cavernous angiomas, and aneurysms. Spinal DAVFs (SDAVFs), or type 1 spinal AVMs, occur most frequently, representing ∼ 60 to 80% of vascular malformations of the spinal cord. While previously microsurgical treatment was considered the gold standard in the treatment of SDAVFs, recent advancements in technology-advancements of magnetic resonance imaging as a screening examination, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, multidetector computed tomography as preangiographic evaluations, digital subtraction angiography, diagnostic catheters, and embolization materials-have made endovascular treatment a possible option. We review the treatment of SDAVFs, primarily discussing the endovascular management of these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hansberry
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meleis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States.
authors.forename: Bryan A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States.
authors.forename: Chirag D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Prestigiacomo
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome