title: Chitosan gel-embedded moxifloxacin niosomes: An efficient antimicrobial hybrid system for burn infection.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize a hybrid system of moxifloxacin loaded niosomes incorporated into chitosan gel as a potential carrier for topical antimicrobial delivery. The prepared system was characterized regarding entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release kinetics, morphology, FTIR analysis, bioadhesive strength and rheological behavior. The effect of different formulation parameters (surfactant type, surfactant to drug ratio, cholesterol percentage and loading methodology) on moxifloxacin entrapment and drug release was evaluated. The antibacterial effectiveness of various formulations was also assessed by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentrations, minimal bactericidal concentrations and agar diffusion assay using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as model pathogens. The optimized niosomal formulation showed 73% drug entrapment, 47% drug release in 8h and was ∼290 nm in particle diameter and negatively charged (ζ∼-23 mV). The gel-embedded niosomes exhibited pseudo-plastic flow behavior and more sustained drug release profile compared to niosomes. The niosomal formulation of moxifloxacin was the most efficient system against P. aeruginosa, while gel based formulations were superior against S. aureus. Taken together, moxifloxacin-in-niosomes-in-gels hold great promise for topical microbial infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sohrabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahboubi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Sdadashzadeh@sbmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadashzadeh
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D010316:Particle Size; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005782:Gels; D048271:Chitosan; D000077266:Moxifloxacin
keywords: Chitosan gel; Moxifloxacin; Niosomes