title: Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 levels in renal stone patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) biomarker levels, indicating renal tubular damage, in patients with kidney stones and in those who underwent minimally invasive method stone treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with renal stones between 10 and 20 mm were included into the present study. Patients who were divided into three cohorts underwent micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy (microperc), retrograde intrarenal stone surgery (RIRS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Urine samples were obtained from all participants before, 4 h and 14 days after the procedure. In all the samples obtained, urinary KIM-1 and creatinine (Cr) levels were measured and KIM-1/Cr ratios (ng/mg creatinine) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative urine KIM-1/Cr ratio was higher than postoperative 14th day. The bigger the renal stone size, the higher was the ratio (correlation coefficient 0.353, p = 0.006). According to preferred treatment procedure, there was a statistically significant decrease in preoperative and postoperative 4th hour and 14th day urine KIM-1/Cr rates in the RIRS and PNL, yet none in the microperc group (p = 0.010, p = 0.001, p = 0.212, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In renal stone patients, the elevated urine KIM-1/Cr ratio levels increase further according to stone size. KIM-1/Cr ratio is a promising marker might be helpful in monitoring the damage created by stone disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42080, Akyokuş, Konya, Turkey. drbalasar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balasar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42080, Akyokuş, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Mesut
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pişkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lütfi Saltuk
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gürbilek
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42080, Akyokuş, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kandemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42080, Akyokuş, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Öztürk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1
keywords: KIM-1; Microperc; PNL; RIRS; Renal stone