title: Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and thyroid function among males and females: data from NHANES 2007-2008.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid function and exposure to selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) among those aged ≥ 20 years. Thyroid variables considered for evaluation were thyroid-stimulating hormone, free and total serum thyroxine (FT4, TT4), free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3), and thyroglobulin. PAH metabolites in urine for which data were analyzed were 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene. Using data from 2007 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, regression models with logs of thyroid variables as dependent variables and PAH exposure, age, race/ethnicity, iodine sufficiency, smoking status, and others as independent variables were fitted. For females, increased levels of 2-hydroxynapthalene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene were associated with elevated levels of TT3. For males, increased levels of 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 9-hydroxypyrene were associated with decreased levels of FT4.
authors.affiliation: a Independent Scholar, 2959 Estate View Court, Dacula , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Ram B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013954:Thyroglobulin
keywords: Hydroxynaphthalene; gender; hydroxyfluorene; hydroxyphenanthrene; hydroxypyrene