title: Cortical thickness in regions of frontal and temporal lobes is associated with responsiveness to cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the evidence for the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in patients with schizophrenia, comparatively little is known about the potential predictors of good treatment response. We tried to determine whether improvement in cognition following CRT is positively associated with baseline cortical thickness (CTh) or baseline clinical symptoms level or baseline cognitive performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current work uses data collected in a previous study (Penadés et al., 2013) in which a CRT program was investigated through a controlled randomized trial (NCT 01318850) with three groups: patients receiving cognitive treatment, patients receiving a different psychological intervention as an active and a healthy control groups (HC). CTh was estimated from the T1-weighted MRIs using the FreeSurfer software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that CRT responsiveness was associated with baseline measures of cortical thickness in the frontal and temporal lobes. Positive changes in non-verbal memory were associated with greater initial thickness in cortical regions involving left superior frontal, left caudal middle frontal, left precuneus and paracentral; superior frontal, right caudal middle frontal gyrus and pars opercularis. Additionally, uncorrected data also suggested that verbal memory improvement could be associated with CTh in some areas of the frontal and temporal lobes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that greater CTh in specific brain areas could be associated with better response to CRT. Furthermore, brain areas associated with CRT responsiveness were located mainly in regions of frontal and temporal lobes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institut Clínic de Neurociències (ICN), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: rpenades@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penadés
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institut Clínic de Neurociències (ICN), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.affiliation: Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institut Clínic de Neurociències (ICN), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masana
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institut Clínic de Neurociències (ICN), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Clemente
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Rizo
authors.affiliation: Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (CDIC), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bargalló
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institut Clínic de Neurociències (ICN), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Dídac
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vidal-Piñeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institut Clínic de Neurociències (ICN), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Junqué
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000072466:Cognitive Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Cognitive remediation; Cortical thickness; Neurocognition; Schizophrenia; Treatment