title: Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Long-Term Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease on Surgical, Angioplasty, or Medical Treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well studied, and the best treatment for this condition is not established. Our aim was to compare three therapeutic strategies for CAD in diabetic patients stratified by renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with multivessel CAD that underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), angioplasty (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]), or medical therapy alone (MT) were included. Data were analyzed according to glomerular filtration rate in three strata: normal (>90 mL/min), mild CKD (60 to 89 mL/min), and moderate CKD (30 to 59 mL/min). End points comprised overall rate of mortality, acute myocardial infarction, and need for additional revascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients with normal renal function (n = 270), 122 underwent CABG, 72 PCI, and 76 MT; among patients with mild CKD (n = 367), 167 underwent CABG, 92 PCI, and 108 MT; and among patients with moderate CKD (n = 126), 46 underwent CABG, 40 PCI, and 40 MT. Event-free survival was 80.4%, 75.7%, 67.5% for strata 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.037). Survival rates among patients with no, mild, and moderate CKD are 91.1%, 89.6%, and 76.2%, respectively (p = 0.001) (hazard ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.95; p = 0.024 for stratum 1 versus 3). We found no differences for overall number of deaths or acute myocardial infarctions irrespective of strata. The need of new revascularization was different in all strata, favoring CABG (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.029 for no, mild, and moderate CKD, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality rates were higher in patients with mild and moderate CKD. Higher event-free survival was observed in the CABG group among patients with no and mild CKD. Besides, CABG was associated with less need for new revascularization compared with PCI and MT in all renal function strata. This trial was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN66068876.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Gomes
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mass@incor.usp.br.
authors.forename: Whady
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hueb
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gersh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Cury
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cibele Larrosa
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Garzillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Desiderio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Favarato
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Ciappina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hueb
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rahmi Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Franchini Ramires
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Kalil
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Filho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000401:mortality*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome