title: Effectiveness of additional follow-up telephone counseling in a smoking cessation clinic in Beijing and predictors of quitting among Chinese male smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No previous studies have investigated whether additional telephone follow-up counseling sessions after face-to-face counseling can increase quitting in China, and whether this strategy is feasible and effective for promoting smoking cessation is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-randomized controlled study was conducted in Beijing. We compared the quit rates of one group which received face-to-face counseling (FC) alone (one session of 40 min) to another group which received the same face-to-face counseling plus four follow-up sessions of brief telephone counseling (15-20 min each) at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 month follow-up (FCF). No smoking cessation medication was provided. From October 2008 to August 2013, Chinese male smokers who sought treatment in a part-time regular smoking cessation clinic of a large general hospital in Beijing were invited to participate in the present study. Eligible male smokers (n = 547) were divided into two groups: FC (n = 149) and FCF (n = 398). Main outcomes were self-reported 7-day point prevalence and 6 month continuous quit rates at 12 month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By intention to treat, at 12 month follow-up, the 7-day point prevalence and 6 month continuous quit rates of FC and FCF were 14.8 % and 26.4 %, and 10.7 % and 19.6 % respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of quitting in FCF compared to FC was 2.34 (1.34-4.10) (P = 0.003) and 2.41 (1.28-4.52) (P = 0.006), respectively. Stepwise logistic regression showed that FCF, being married, unemployed and a lower Fagerström score were significant independent predictors of 6 month continuous quitting at 12 month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using systematically collected data from real-world practice, our smoking cessation clinic has shown that the additional telephone follow-up counseling sessions doubled the quit rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Geriatrics, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. yhe301@x263.net.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Geriatrics, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. yhe301@x263.net.|State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. yhe301@x263.net.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Nanlou Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Department of Acupuncture, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Nanlou Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Department of Acupuncture, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Nanlou Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Department of Respiration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Qinghui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Nanlou Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Nanlou Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Department of Respiration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Changxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Geriatrics, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Geriatrics, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Sophia S C
authors.initials: SSC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D044466:Asian People; D000068476:Beijing; D002681:China; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013689:Telephone