title: Ecotoxicity of mercury to Folsomia candida and Proisotoma minuta (Collembola: Isotomidae) in tropical soils: Baseline for ecological risk assessment.
abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic nonessential trace metal. Despite its natural occurrence in the Earth's Crust, its concentrations have been steadily increasing in the environment due to anthropogenic sources. Recent studies have showed great concern about soil fauna, once the potential adverse effects of mercury concentrations in the environment of these invertebrates are still poorly understood, especially when linked to forest soils and tropical biota. Different collembolan species can show distinct toxicity effects to the contaminants, impairing its developing lifelong and affecting its diversity and abundance in the environment. Laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the ecotoxicity of Hg(II) to collembolan species collected in Brazil, Proisotoma minuta (autochthonous) and Folsomia candida (allochthonous), as a tool to predict effects in ecological risk assessment of tropical regions. Behavioral, acute and chronic tests were carried under temperatures of 20°C and 24°C using two test soils, natural and artificial, spiked with increasing mercury concentrations. F. candida was more sensitive to mercury contamination than P. minuta, presenting the most restrictive values of EC50 and LC50. Reproduction was a considerably more sensitive endpoint than avoidance and mortality. The 28-day lower EC50 values were found in chronic tests for F. candida in natural soil to 24°C (3.32mgHgkg(-1)), while for P. minuta was in tropical artificial soil to 20°C (4.43mgHgkg(-1)). There were similarity for each collembolan species to respond at the Hg(II) effects when exposed at 20°C and 24°C. F. candida can be suitable as a bioindicator species to mercury ecotoxicity tests in tropical forest soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: andressabuch@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Andressa Cristhy
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center of Curitibanos, Rod. Ulysses Gabordi, km 3, 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlia Carina
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Niemeyer
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Agrobiology, BR 465km 7, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fernandes Correia
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emmanoel Vieira
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Silva-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects*; D001681:Biological Assay; D001938:Brazil; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008628:Mercury / Q000633:toxicity*; D065947:Rainforest; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Autochthonous species; Ecotoxicological tests; Invertebrates soil fauna; Springtail; Trace metal