title: Information and Communication Technology, Well-Being, and Ethnicity.
abstract: The relationship between use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and well-being is an increasingly debated public health issue. Currently, there is limited understanding of how the ethnic digital divide influences this association. Thus, this study assessed how ethnicity has historically moderated relations between ICT (mobile phone, computer, and TV) uptake, and several well-being indicators: (a) long-term health (chronic illness), (b) cigarette smoking, and (c) self-perceptions of personal health. Archived data from a U.K. Office for National Statistics household survey 2007-2011 (97,697 participant records) were analyzed, controlling for multiple sociodemographic confounders. Mobile phone dependence was associated with poorer health perceptions in Caucasian women, but more favorable appraisals in ethnic minority females (OR = 0.51). Furthermore, mobile phone uptake was more strongly related to increased behavioral risk (cigarette smoking) in Caucasian men compared with ethnic minority males (OR = 1.68). Ethnicity did not influence relations between ICT uptake and long-term health. Overall, ethnicity was implicated in relations between mobile phone use and well-being indicators: unfavorable associations occurred primarily in Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Kanayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeh
authors.affiliation: 2 School of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.affiliation: 3 Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mulhearn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D040421:Cell Phone; D003201:Computers; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult