title: Antagonistic effects of Spirulina platensis against sub-acute deltamethrin toxicity in mice: Biochemical and histopathological studies.
abstract: Spirulina platensis (SP); a microalga with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, acts as a food supplement in human and as many animal species. Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid with broad spectrum activities against acaricides and insects and widely used for veterinary and agricultural purposes. Exposure to DLM leads to hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and neurotoxic side effects for human and many species, including birds and fish. The present study was undertaken to examine the potential hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of SP against sub-acute DLM toxicity in male mice. DLM intoxicated animals revealed a significant increase in serum hepatic and renal injury biomarkers as well as TNF-α level and AChE activity. Moreover, liver, kidney and brain lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress markers were altered due to DLM toxicity. Spirulina normalized the altered serum levels of AST, ALT, APL, LDH, γ-GT, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, creatinine AChE and TNF-α. Furthermore, it reduced DLM-induced tissue lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, that Spirulina supplementation could overcome DLM-induced hepatotoxicty, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity by abolishing oxidative tissue injuries.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. Electronic address: abdeldaim.m@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Daim
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.
authors.forename: Badr E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: El-Bialy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
authors.forename: Haidy G Abdel
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62515, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Radi
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hany A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hefny
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D053545:Spirulina; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C017180:decamethrin; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Antioxidant; Hepatoprotective; Nephroprotective; Neuroprotctive; Pyrethroid; Spirulina; Toxicity