title: Longitudinal change in magnetic susceptibility of new enhanced multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions measured on serial quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).
abstract: To measure the longitudinal change in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion susceptibility using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).
  
  
  
  The study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Longitudinal changes in quantitative susceptibility values of new enhanced-with-Gd MS lesions were measured at baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and on a follow-up MRI in 29 patients within 2 years using a 3D multiple echo gradient echo sequence on a 3T scanner. Paired t-test and the generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to analyze the longitudinal change.
  
  
  
  Lesion susceptibility values relative to normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) changed from 3.61 ± 6.11 ppb when enhanced-with-Gd at the baseline MRI to 20.42 ± 10.23 ppb when not-enhanced-with-Gd at the follow-up MRI (P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  MS lesion susceptibility value increases significantly as the lesion evolves from enhanced-with-Gd to not-enhanced-with-Gd, serving as a disease biomarker. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:426-432.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comunale
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chia-Yi Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Policy & Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Giambrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique
keywords: gadolinium enhancement; longitudinal change; magnetic resonance imaging; multiple sclerosis; quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)