title: Estrogenic Impact on Cardiac Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury.
abstract: The increase in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome incidence following the onset of menopause has highlighted the role of estrogen as a cardiometabolic protective agent. Specifically regarding the heart, estrogen induced an improvement in cardiac function, preserved calcium homeostasis, and inhibited the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The beneficial effects of estrogen in relation to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, such as reduced infarction and ameliorated post-ischemic recovery, have also been shown. Nevertheless, controversial findings exist and estrogen therapy is reported to be related to a higher rate of thromboembolic events and atrial fibrillation in post-menopausal women. Therefore, greater clarification is needed to evaluate the exact potential of estrogen use in cases of cardiac I/R injury. This article reviews the effects of estrogen, in both acute and chronic treatment, and collates the studies with regard to their in vivo, in vitro, or clinical trial settings in cases of cardiac I/R injury and myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.|Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.|School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.|Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sivaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivasinprasasn
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.|Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.|Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Krekwit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinlapawittayatorn
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.|Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.|Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriporn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. nchattip@gmail.com.|Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. nchattip@gmail.com.|Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. nchattip@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nipon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen
keywords: Estrogen; Heart; Ischemia; Menopause; Reperfusion injury