title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology.
abstract: An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was found. The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level.
authors.affiliation: Área de Ingeniería Química, Departamento de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango., Av. Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc. Filadelfia, 35010 Gómez Palacio, DGO, Mexico.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minjares-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Área de Ingeniería Química, Departamento de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: antoni.femenia@uib.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Femenia
authors.affiliation: Área de Ingeniería Química, Departamento de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Garau
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango., Av. Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc. Filadelfia, 35010 Gómez Palacio, DGO, Mexico.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Candelas-Cadillo
authors.affiliation: Área de Ingeniería Química, Departamento de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simal
authors.affiliation: Área de Ingeniería Química, Departamento de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosselló
mesh_terms: D005936:Glucans / Q000032:analysis; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D008351:Mannans / Q000032:analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013010:Sonication; D013499:Surface Properties; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014990:Xylans / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D006878:Hydroxides; D008351:Mannans; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D014990:Xylans; C029353:xyloglucan; C007916:hemicellulose; C029943:potassium hydroxide
keywords: Hemicelluloses; Response surface methodology; Ultrasound-assisted extraction; Winery residues; Xyloglucans