title: Occupational Disparities in the Association between Self-Reported Salt-Eating Habit and Hypertension in Older Adults in Xiamen, China.
abstract: Blood pressure responses to sodium intake are heterogeneous among populations. Few studies have assessed occupational disparities in the association between sodium intake and hypertension in older people. We used cross-sectional data from 14,292 participants aged 60 years or older in Xiamen, China, in 2013. Self-reported salt-eating habit was examined with three levels: low, medium, and high. The main lifetime occupation was classified into indoor laborer and outdoor laborer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of hypertension with self-reported salt-eating habit, main lifetime occupation, and their interactions by adjusting for some covariates, with further stratification by sex. Overall, 13,738 participants had complete data, of whom 30.22% had hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.57%, 28.63%, and 31.97% in participants who reported to have low, medium, and high salt-eating habit, respectively. Outdoor laborers presented significantly lower prevalence of hypertension than indoor laborers (26.04% vs. 34.26%, p < 0.001). Indoor laborers with high salt-eating habit had the greatest odds of hypertension (OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.09-1.59]). An increased trend of odds in eating habit as salt-heavier was presented in indoor laborers (p-trend = 0.048), especially for women (p-trend = 0.001). No clear trend presented in men. Conclusively, sex-specific occupational disparities exist in the association between self-reported salt-eating habit and hypertension in older individuals. Overlooking the potential moderating role of sex and occupation might affect the relationship between sodium intake and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. yuanmanqiong@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. yuanmanqiong@163.com.
authors.forename: Manqiong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. chenw024@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. chenw024@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. tengbg@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bogang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. fangya@xmu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. fangya@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
keywords: dietary salt intake; hypertension; multivariable logistic regression; occupation; older adults