title: Alzheimer's like brain changes correlate with low adiponectin plasma levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between adiponectin plasma levels, and gray matter brain volume and cerebral glucose metabolism in a group of type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 25 type 2 diabetes patients and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy control participants. Biochemical analysis and structural cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, including voxel-based morphometry and (18)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, were performed. The gray matter volumes and metabolism changes were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower levels of adiponectin correlated with a lower gray matter volume in temporal regions and with reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in temporal regions (p<0.001), adjusted for age, gender, education, and the presence of at least one epsilon 4 allele for the apolipoprotein E (APOEε4 genotype).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive correlations between adiponectin plasma levels and both gray matter volume and cerebral glucose metabolism were found, predominantly in temporal regions, as in Alzheimer's disease. Adiponectin might be a biomarker for the cognitive decline associated with type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S.), University of Malaga, Spain. Electronic address: nagcasares@uma.es.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Casares
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Carlos Haya Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Arnés
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S.), University of Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rioja
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S.), University of Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ariza
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S.), University of Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S.), University of Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S.), University of Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nabrozidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González-Alegre
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S.), University of Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González-Santos
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Cognition; Positron emission tomography; Type 2 diabetes; Voxel based morphometry