title: Cissus sicyoides: Pharmacological Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory and Antidiarrheal Activities.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal actions of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Cissus sicyoides (HECS). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by oral administration of HECS against acute model of edema induced by xylene, and the mechanisms of action were analysed by involvement of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). The antidiarrheal effect of HECS was observed and we analyzed the motility and accumulation of intestinal fluid. We also analyzed the antidiarrheal mechanisms of action of HECS by evaluating the role of the opioid receptor, α₂ adrenergic receptor, muscarinic receptor, nitric oxide (NO) and PGE₂. The oral administration of HECS inhibited the edema induced by xylene and AA and was also able to significantly decrease the levels of PGE₂. The extract also exhibited significant anti-diarrheal activity by reducing motility and intestinal fluid accumulation. This extract significantly reduced intestinal transit stimulated by muscarinic agonist and intestinal secretion induced by PGE₂. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism of action involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of HECS is related to PGE₂. The antidiarrheal effect of this extract may be mediated by inhibition of contraction by acting on the intestinal smooth muscle and/or intestinal transit.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. fbeserra@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Fernando Pereira
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Beserra
authors.affiliation: Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade São Francisco, CEP 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil. raquel.c.santos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Raquel de Cássia
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. larissalucenaperico@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Larissa Lucena
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Périco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. viniciuspr42@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vinicius Peixoto
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. luizkiguti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luiz Ricardo de Almeida
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kiguti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. lluizsaldanha@gmail.com.|Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. lluizsaldanha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luiz Leonardo
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Saldanha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. aspupo@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: André Sampaio
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pupo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. lrocha@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Lúcia Regina Machado
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. dokkedal@fc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Anne Lígia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dokkedal
authors.affiliation: Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil. vilegasw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. hiruma@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Clélia Akiko
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hiruma-Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D032422:Cissus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D014992:Xylenes / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000930:Antidiarrheals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014992:Xylenes; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Cissus sicyoides; PGE2; Vitaceae; anti-inflammatory; antidiarrheal