title: The Discovery of the Anxiety State Pattern in Q-Data, and its Distinction, in the LM Model, from Depression, Effort Stress, and Fatigue.
abstract: A Series of questionnaire items designed to measure the psychological states of anxiety, depression, effort stress and fatigue were administered to 151 male and female subjects and then readministered, one month later, to the same subjects. Difference scores, some based on individual items and some on item parcels, were intercorrelated and factor analyzed. The factor analytic investigation was carried through a third order analysis. Results support the notion that change score patterns are of substantial dimensionality and that the hypothesized dimensions can be identified on the basis of the included marker variables. Implications and future directions for research on the validity of the trait-state distinction are briefly discussed.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Cattell
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nesselroade