title: Influence of Candida krusei and Candida glabrata on Candida albicans gene expression in in vitro biofilms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to evaluate the interactions between the species Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata in monotypic and mixed biofilm models formed in vitro as well as the relative expression of the ALS1, ALS3, HWP1, BCR1, EFG1, TEC1, SAP5, PLB2 and LIP9 genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed (C. albicans/C. krusei and C. albicans/C. glabrata) and monotypic biofilms were cultured for 0, 12 and 24h. Gene expression was analyzed in the same biofilm model in which the number of CFU/mL was counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C. albicans CFU/mL values were lower at the 12 and 24h time points in the mixed biofilms compared with the monotypic biofilms, and decreases of 56.23% and 64.4% in C. albicans were observed when this species was associated with C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. In the presence of C. krusei, the expression of the ALS3, HWP1, BCR1, EFG1 and TEC1 genes of C. albicans was completely inhibited, indicating both transcriptome and the phenotypic antagonism between these two species, but genes related to the secretion of enzymes were stimulated. In the presence of C. glabrata, C. albicans showed a similar gene expression profile to that obtained in association with C. krusei, though it was altered to a lesser degree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that C. krusei and C. glabrata may alter or inhibit the mechanisms involved in the in vitro adherence and formation of C. albicans biofilms, influencing the pathogenicity of this species and suggesting a competitive interaction with C. krusei and C. glabrata in biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, Brazil. Electronic address: barrosdnapp@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Patrícia Pimentel
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Departament of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Camargo
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departament of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodnei Dennis
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rossoni
authors.affiliation: Departament of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Campos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.affiliation: Departament of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Olavo Cardoso
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jorge
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D015870:Gene Expression; D056265:Microbial Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059467:Transcriptome; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Competitive interaction; Mixed biofilms; Virulence genes; Yeast