title: Antioxidant Effects of Probiotics in Experimentally Induced Peritonitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An experimental study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of probiotics on gut mucosa in peritonitis through antioxidant mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into four groups. The rats in Group 1 (control group) underwent laparotomy only. In group 2 (peritonitis group), peritonitis was induced in the rats by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. In group 3, the rats were treated with probiotics for five days after CLP-induced peritonitis. The last group of rats (group 4) were fed probiotics for five days before the CLP procedure and five days after the surgery. On the fifth day after surgery, all rats were killed, and tissue samples from the terminal ileum were obtained to evaluate the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). Histopathologic examinations were also performed to evaluate the grade of intestinal injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myeloperoxidase and MDA activities were increased, GSH concentrations were decreased in group 2, compared with group 1. Intestinal MPO activities in group 4 were decreased compared with group 1 and group 2, indicating a reduction in oxidant activity. Malondialdehyde decreased in group 3 and decreased even more in group 4, compared with the peritonitis group (group 2). Glutathione concentrations were increased in group 4 compared with group 2 and group 3 (p < 0.05). The Chiu scores of the probiotics groups, groups 3 and 4, were lower than those in group 2, indicating reduced mucosal damage in the probiotically fed groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Probiotics have protective effects in peritonitis, which may be related to antioxidant mechanisms. This antioxidant effect of probiotics might occur when pre-conditioning with probiotics before peritonitis because there is sufficient time to prepare the tissues for oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Basak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erginel
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Fatih A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erginel
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanik
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Semra D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Abbasoglu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Feryal G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soysal
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Erbug
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Alaaddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Tansu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007082:Ileum / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione