title: Importance of dual delivery systems for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Bone formation is a complex process that requires concerted function of multiple growth factors. For this, it is essential to design a delivery system with the ability to load multiple growth factors in order to mimic the natural microenvironment for bone tissue formation. However, the short half-lives of growth factors, their relatively large size, slow tissue penetration, and high toxicity suggest that conventional routes of administration are unlikely to be effective. Therefore, it seems that using multiple bioactive factors in different delivery systems can develop new strategies for improving bone tissue regeneration. Combination of these factors along with biomaterials that permit tunable release profiles would help to achieve truly spatiotemporal regulation during delivery. This review summarizes the various dual-control release systems that are used for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: M_farokhi@pasteur.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farokhi
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mottaghitalab
authors.affiliation: National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shokrgozar
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Keng-Liang
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
authors.forename: Chuanbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseinkhani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013242:Sterilization; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Bone regeneration; Dual drug delivery; Tissue engineering