title: Human papilloma virus prevalence in HIV patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: The implication of human papilloma virus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well established, especially in oropharyngeal SCC. HIV patients have a higher risk of persistent HPV infection. We investigated the role of HPV in HNSCC carcinogenesis in HIV population.
  
  
  
  Retrospective monocentric study.
  
  
  
  We studied HIV patients who presented with HNSCC between 1994 and 2014. For each patient, tumor characteristics, HIV disease, and survival information were collected. Tumor HPV testing was performed using p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), in-situ hybridization and PCR. We assessed the percentage of HPV in this population of HIV patients with HNSCC and compared HIV disease characteristics based on HPV status.
  
  
  
  Forty-seven patients were included: 11 women/36 men, the median age was 50 years. Tumor HPV testing was performed in 40 patients. Tumors were located in oropharynx (32%), oral cavity (32%), larynx (21%), and hypopharynx (11%). At the time of diagnosis, median CD4 level was 385 cells/μl, 31% of the patients were stage (Centers for Disease Control, stage C). The percentage of HPV linked to HNSCC for all locations in HIV patients was 30% (n = 12). HPV16 accounted for 50% of all HPV genotypes. HPV positive status was associated with a CD4 nadir of less than 200 (P = 0.026), but not with CD4 level at time of diagnosis (P = 0.414). HPV-negative tumors tend to be associated with poorer 5-year overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.9, P = 0.0711).
  
  
  
  HPV plays a critical role in HNSCC development in HIV population. HIV immunodeficiency may increase HPV persistence and progression of HNSCC.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of ENT, Bichat Hospital, Paris Diderot University bDepartment of Pathology, European G Pompidou Hospital, APHP cDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Paris Diderot University dDepartment of Virology, European G Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University eDepartment of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Bichat Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Annabelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Badoual
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hourseau
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Halimi
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pere
authors.forename: Fadia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.forename: Béatrix
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis