title: Behavioral Ratings of Executive Functioning Explain Instrumental Activities of Daily Living beyond Test Scores in Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Executive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the relationship between executive functioning (EF) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is inconsistent. This inconsistency may be due to the limited relationship between EF test scores and behaviors. Rating scales provide a potential way to supplement test scores in predicting patient's ability to complete IADLs by capturing a wide range of EF behaviors in their everyday environment. We hypothesized that informant-rated EF would provide incremental validity in predicting IADLs above and beyond EF test scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five patients were selected from a clinical neuropsychological database of PD patients evaluated for deep brain stimulation surgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital between September 2006 and January 2015. Hierarchical regression was completed to determine the relationship between an EF behavioral rating scale (i.e., FrSBe), EF test scores, and IADLs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EF behavioral rating scale added incremental validity to neuropsychological test scores in predicting IADLs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioral ratings of EF may provide additional information about how PD patients' EF is influencing their everyday life.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Antonio Nicolas
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Puente
authors.affiliation: c Department of Physical Therapy , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: d Deparment of Psychology , University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aita
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.|b Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brandt
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Behavioral rating scales.; Everyday functioning; Executive functioning; IADLs; Parkinson’s disease