title: Comparative cytogenetics of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera, Homoptera): a review.
abstract: A comprehensive review of cytogenetic features is provided for the large hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha, which currently contains approximately 42,000 valid species. This review is based on the analysis of 819 species, 483 genera, and 31 families representing all presently recognized Auchenorrhyncha superfamilies, e.i. Cicadoidea (cicadas), Cercopoidea (spittle bugs), Membracoidea (leafhoppers and treehoppers), Myerslopioidea (ground-dwelling leafhoppers), and Fulgoroidea (planthoppers). History and present status of chromosome studies are described, as well as the structure of chromosomes, chromosome counts, trends and mechanisms of evolution of karyotypes and sex determining systems, their variation at different taxonomic levels and most characteristic (modal) states, occurrence of parthenogenesis, polyploidy, B-chromosomes and chromosome rearrangements, and methods used for cytogenetic analysis of Auchenorrhyncha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg Scientific Center, Universitetskaya nab. 5, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kuznetsova
authors.affiliation: University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Madeira Il., Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Vairão, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aguin-Pombo
keywords: B-chromosomes; Cercopoidea; Chromosome structure; Cicadoidea; Cicadomorpha; Fulgoroidea; Fulgoromorpha; Membracoidea; Myerslopioidea; chromosome evolution; chromosome numbers; meiosis; polymorphism; polyploidy; sex chromosome systems