title: Effect of elevated CO2 on chlorpyriphos degradation and soil microbial activities in tropical rice soil.
abstract: Impact of elevated CO2 on chlorpyriphos degradation, microbial biomass carbon, and enzymatic activities in rice soil was investigated. Rice (variety Naveen, Indica type) was grown under four conditions, namely, chambered control, elevated CO2 (550 ppm), elevated CO2 (700 ppm) in open-top chambers and open field. Chlorpyriphos was sprayed at 500 g a.i. ha(-1) at maximum tillering stage. Chlorpyriphos degraded rapidly from rice soils, and 88.4% of initially applied chlorpyriphos was lost from the rice soil maintained under elevated CO2 (700 ppm) by day 5 of spray, whereas the loss was 80.7% from open field rice soil. Half-life values of chlorpyriphos under different conditions ranged from 2.4 to 1.7 days with minimum half-life recorded with two elevated CO2 treatments. Increased CO2 concentration led to increase in temperature (1.2 to 1.8 °C) that played a critical role in chlorpyriphos persistence. Microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymatic activities specifically, dehydrogenase, fluorescien diacetate hydrolase, urease, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase responded positively to elevated CO2 concentrations. Generally, the enzyme activities were highly correlated with each other. Irrespective of the level of CO2, short-term negative influence of chlorpyriphos was observed on soil enzymes till day 7 of spray. Knowledge obtained from this study highlights that the elevated CO2 may negatively influence persistence of pesticide but will have positive effects on soil enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India. totanadak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Totan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.affiliation: Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
authors.forename: Sushmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munda
authors.affiliation: Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
authors.forename: Upendra
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berliner
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
authors.forename: Somnath S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pokhare
authors.affiliation: Social Science Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Jambhulkar
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jena
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006207:Half-Life; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014510:Urease / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014510:Urease; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Climate change; DHA; Enzyme activity; MBC; Persistence