title: The Innate Immune Signaling System as a Regulator of Disease Resistance and Induced Systemic Resistance Activity Against Verticillium dahliae.
abstract: In the last decades, the plant innate immune responses against pathogens have been extensively studied, while biocontrol interactions between soilborne fungal pathogens and their hosts have received much less attention. Treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana with the nonpathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus alvei K165 was shown previously to protect against Verticillium dahliae by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR). In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of the innate immune response in the K165-mediated protection of Arabidopsis against V. dahliae. Tests with Arabidopsis mutants impaired in several regulators of the early steps of the innate immune responses, including fls2, efr-1, bak1-4, mpk3, mpk6, wrky22, and wrky29 showed that FLS2 and WRKY22 have a central role in the K165-triggered ISR, while EFR1, MPK3, and MPK6 are possible susceptibility factors for V. dahliae and bak1 shows a tolerance phenomenon. The resistance induced by strain K165 is dependent on both salicylate and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways, as evidenced by an increased transient accumulation of PR1 and PDF1.2 transcripts in the aerial parts of infected plants treated with strain K165.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
authors.forename: Danai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gkizi
authors.affiliation: 2 School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 10 chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; and.
authors.forename: Floriane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: L'Haridon
authors.affiliation: 4 Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
authors.forename: Epaminondas J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Paplomatas
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 10 chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; and.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Métraux
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
authors.forename: Sotirios E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tjamos
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D023082:Defensins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008954:Models, Biological; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020172:Verticillium / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D023082:Defensins; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D020156:Salicylic Acid; C487542:At5g44420 protein, Arabidopsis; C077262:PR-1 protein, Arabidopsis; C011006:jasmonic acid