title: In Situ FTIR and NMR Spectroscopic Investigations on Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for Alkene Hydroformylation.
abstract: Homogeneous ruthenium complexes modified by imidazole-substituted monophosphines as catalysts for various highly efficient hydroformylation reactions were characterized by in situ IR spectroscopy under reaction conditions and NMR spectroscopy. A proper protocol for the preformation reaction from [Ru3 (CO)12] is decisive to prevent the formation of inactive ligand-modified polynuclear complexes. During catalysis, ligand-modified mononuclear ruthenium(0) carbonyls were detected as resting states. Changes in the ligand structure have a crucial impact on the coordination behavior of the ligand and consequently on the catalytic performance. The substitution of CO by a nitrogen atom of the imidazolyl moiety in the ligand is not a general feature, but it takes place when structural prerequisites of the ligand are fulfilled.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax. christoph.kubis@catalysis.de.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubis
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Profir
authors.affiliation: Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selent
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spannenberg
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax.|Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1, 45772, Marl, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1, 45772, Marl, Germany.|Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany), Fax. armin.boerner@catalysis.de.|Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany. armin.boerner@catalysis.de.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Börner
keywords: IR spectroscopy; P ligands; homogeneous catalysis; hydroformylation; ruthenium