title: Effects of Shenfu injection on macrocirculation and microcirculation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of Shenfu injection (SFI) on macrocirculation and microcirculation during ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen female Landrace pigs were used in this study. After anesthesia, coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was measured, and then the abdominal cavity was opened to observe the mesenteric microcirculation with the aid of sidestream dark field imaging. Following the guidelines, we determined microvascular flow index, perfused vessel density and proportion of perfused vessels both for large (diameter>20 μm) and small (diameter<20 μm) microvessels. SFI (1 ml/kg) or saline was given by vein injection at 1h before inducing VF. CPR was initiated after 4 min VF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The shocks and duration of CPR were less in the SFI group compared with saline group. As the occurrence of VF, the CPP suddenly dropped to near zero, and cannot be measured in the both groups. However, there was greater CPP during CPR and at 1h after return of spontaneous circulation in the SFI group than saline group. Compared with saline, SFI significantly improved the microcirculation parameters of large and small microvessels during VF and CPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SFI can improve the microvascular blood flow and CPP during VF and CPR, and reduce the shocks and duration of CPR.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation (No: BZ0370), Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020 China. Electronic address: wu007838@sina.com.
authors.forename: Junyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation (No: BZ0370), Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020 China. Electronic address: lcscyyy001@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation (No: BZ0370), Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020 China. Electronic address: 2000ywei@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007267:Injections; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C492793:Shen-Fu
keywords: Aconitine (PubChem CID: 245005); Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (PubChem CID: 157615); Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Coronary perfusion pressure; Ginseng (PubChem CID: 9898279); Ginsenoside (PubChem CID: 9918693); Ketamine (PubChem CID: 3821); Microcirculation; Pentobarbital (PubChem CID: 4734); Propofol (PubChem CID: 4943); Radix aconiti lateralis preparata (PubChem CID: 21115231); Ranunculaceae (PubChem CID: 353743); Shenfu injection; Ventricular fibrillation