title: A Congenital High Flow Arteriovenous Malformation of the Bladder Presenting With Polypoid Cystitis and Ureteral Obstruction.
abstract: A 21-year-old male with a history of Down's syndrome presented with hematuria and right flank pain. Computed Tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis revealed right hydronephrosis and a right-sided pelvic vascular abnormality. Angiography revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) fed by the right superior and inferior vesical arteries and nephrostogram showed a long segment of obstructed distal right ureter. Cystoscopy revealed erythema and edema of the right hemi-bladder and biopsy diagnosed polypoid cystitis. Treatment was performed by transarterial embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. Follow up cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography at 3 months post-procedure showed resolution of all visible pathology.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 7028, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emtage
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 7028, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Massis
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hernandez
keywords: Bladder arteriovenous malformations (AVM); Congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVM); Polypoid cystitis