title: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Current and future insights.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma worldwide. H. pylori treatment still remains a challenge, since many determinants for successful therapy are involved such as individual primary or secondary antibiotics resistance, mucosal drug concentration, patient compliance, side-effect profile and cost. While no new drug has been developed, current therapy still relies on different mixture of known antibiotics and anti-secretory agents. A standard triple therapy consisting of two antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor proposed as the first-line regimen. Bismuth-containing quadruple treatment, sequential treatment or a non-bismuth quadruple treatment (concomitant) are also an alternative therapy. Levofloxacin containing triple treatment are recommended as rescue treatment for infection of H. pylori after defeat of first-line therapy. The rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance reduces the effectiveness of any regimens involving these remedies. Therefore, adding probiotic to the medications, developing anti-H. pylori photodynamic or phytomedicine therapy, and achieving a successful H. pylori vaccine may have the promising to present synergistic or additive consequence against H. pylori, because each of them exert different effects.
authors.affiliation: Maliheh Safavi, Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran 13353-5111, Iran.
authors.forename: Maliheh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.affiliation: Maliheh Safavi, Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran 13353-5111, Iran.
authors.forename: Reyhaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sabourian
authors.affiliation: Maliheh Safavi, Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran 13353-5111, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foroumadi
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Photodynamic; Phytomedicine; Probiotics; Therapeutic regimens