title: Occurrence of Viruses and Associated Grain Yields of Paired Symptomatic and Nonsymptomatic Tillers in Kansas Winter Wheat Fields.
abstract: Vector-borne virus diseases of wheat are recurrent in nature and pose significant threats to crop production worldwide. In the spring of 2011 and 2012, a state-wide sampling survey of multiple commercial field sites and university-managed Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station variety performance trial locations spanning all nine crop-reporting regions of the state was conducted to determine the occurrence of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), High plains virus, Soilborne wheat mosaic virus, and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). As a means of directly coupling tiller infection status with tiller grain yield, multiple pairs of symptomatic and nonsymptomatic plants were selected and individual tillers were tagged for virus species and grain yield determination at the variety performance trial locations. BYDV-PAV and WSMV were the two most prevalent species across the state, often co-occurring within location. Of those BYDV-PAV- or WSMV-positive tillers, 22% and 19%, respectively, were nonsymptomatic, a finding that underscores the importance of sampling criteria to more accurately assess virus occurrence in winter wheat fields. Symptomatic tillers that tested positive for BYDV-PAV produced significantly lower grain yields compared with ELISA-negative tillers in both seasons, as did WSMV-positive tillers in 2012. Nonsymptomatic tillers that tested positive for either of the two viruses in 2011 produced significantly lower grain yields than tillers from nonsymptomatic, ELISA-negative plants, an indication that these tillers were physiologically compromised in the absence of virus-associated symptoms. Overall, the virus survey and tagged paired-tiller sampling strategy revealed effects of virus infection on grain yield of individual tillers of plants grown under field conditions and may provide a complementary approach toward future estimates of the impact of virus incidence on crop health in Kansas.
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Dorith
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotenberg
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Bockus
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Whitfield
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Kaylee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hervey
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Kara D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Zhining
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Alma G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Laney
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Erick D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: De Wolf
authors.affiliation: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; sixth author: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and ninth author: Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Appel
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D018533:Biomass; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007615:Kansas; D052679:Luteoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D017793:Luteovirus; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D019176:Potyviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*