title: Effect of implant insertion and loading protocol on long-term stability and crestal bone loss: A comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different insertion and loading protocols have been used to implement implant therapy; the consequences of these methods are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the long-term outcomes of different implant insertion and loading protocols on crestal bone loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a nonrandomized retrospective study investigating data of patients in a private practice. Data were collected by an independent Tel Aviv University group from the patient records of a general practitioner's private practice. A total of 1688 implants were inserted in 343 patients whose records met the inclusion criteria, that is, 1317 immediately placed implants (IP group), 310 early placed implants (EP group) placed 6 to 8 weeks after implant placement, and 61 delayed placement implants (DP group) placed 4 to 6 months after extraction. The groups were also divided by implant loading method, giving 1203 immediately loaded implants (IL group), 273 early loaded implants (EL group) loaded within 4 to 10 weeks after implant placement, and 212 delayed loading implants (DL group) loaded within 3 to 6 months. Mixed model analysis was used to account for the different number of implants for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average follow-up time was 107 months, with a cumulative implant survival rate of 95.6% and an average crestal bone loss of 2.03 mm. No statistical differences (P>.05) were found among the insertion or loading protocols. However, additional statistical analysis showed the influence of implant type on marginal bone loss (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3-implant insertion and loading protocols exhibited minimal crestal bone loss and a high survival rate.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohen
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matalon
authors.affiliation: Clinical Instructor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer. Department of Oral Rehabilitation, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: ormianer@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ormianer
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors