title: Eryptosis-inducing activity of bisphenol A and its analogs in human red blood cells (in vitro study).
abstract: Bisphenols are important chemicals that are widely used in the manufacturing of polycarbonates, epoxy resin and thermal paper, and thus the exposure of humans to these substances has been noted. The purpose of this study was to assess eryptotic changes in human erythrocytes exposed (in vitro) to bisphenol A (BPA) and its selected analogs, i.e.,bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF (BPAF). The erythrocytes were incubated with compounds studied at concentrations ranging from 1 to 250μg/mL for 4, 12 or 24h. The results showed that BPA and its analogs increased cytosolic calcium ions level with the strongest effect noted for BPAF. It has also been revealed that all bisphenols analyzed, and BPAF and BPF in particular increased phosphatidylserine translocation in red blood cells, which confirmed that they exhibited eryptotic potential in this cell type. Furthermore, it was shown that BPA and its analogs caused significant increase in calpain and caspase-3 activities, while the strongest effect was noted for BPAF. BPS, which is the main substituent of bisphenol A in polymers and thermal paper production exhibited similar eryptotic potential to BPA. Eryptotic changes in human erythrocytes were provoked by bisphenols at concentrations, which may influence the human body during occupational exposure or subacute poisoning with these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maćczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cyrkler
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bukowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland. Electronic address: michalow@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michałowicz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002118:Calcium; D002154:Calpain; D053148:Caspase 3; D010636:Phenols; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenols; Calpain activation; Caspase-3 activation; Eryptosis; Erythrocytes