title: A Rapid Review of the Factors Affecting Healthcare Students' Satisfaction with Small-Group, Active Learning Methods.
abstract: PHENOMENON: Problem-based learning (PBL) and other small-group, active learning methodologies have been widely adopted into undergraduate and postgraduate healthcare curricula across the world. Although much research has examined student perceptions of these innovative teaching pedagogies, there are still questions over which factors influence these views. This article aims to identify these key elements that affect healthcare student satisfaction with PBL and other small-group learning methods, including case-based and team-based learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic rapid review method was used to identify high-quality original research papers from the healthcare education literature from between 2009 and 2014. All papers were critically appraised before inclusion in line with published guidelines. Narrative synthesis was achieved using an inductively developed, thematic framework approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four papers were included in the narrative synthesis. The evidence suggests that, despite an initial period of negative emotion and anxiety, the perspectives of healthcare students toward small-group, active learning methods are generally positive. The key factors influencing this satisfaction level include (a) the facilitator role, (b) tutorial structure, (c) individual student factors, (d) case authenticity, (e) increased feedback, (f) group harmony, and (g) resource availability. Insights: Student satisfaction is an important determinant of healthcare education quality, and the findings of this review may be of value in future curriculum design. The evidence described here suggests that an ideal curriculum may be based on an expert-led, hybrid PBL model.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kilgour
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lynn V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Monrouxe
mesh_terms: D006126:Group Processes; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D018794:Problem-Based Learning
keywords: PBL; Small group learning; Student satisfaction; narrative synthesis; rapid review