title: Pathological Lesions and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expressions in the Liver of Mice Experimentally Infected with Clonorchis sinensis.
abstract: The nitric oxide (NO) formation and intrinsic nitrosation may be involved in the possible mechanisms of liver fluke-associated carcinogenesis. We still do not know much about the responses of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induced by Clonorchis sinensis infection. This study was conducted to explore the pathological lesions and iNOS expressions in the liver of mice with different infection intensity levels of C. sinensis. Extensive periductal inflammatory cell infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, and fibrosis were commonly observed during the infection. The different pathological responses in liver tissues strongly correlated with the infection intensity of C. sinensis. Massive acute spotty necrosis occurred in the liver parenchyma after a severe infection. The iNOS activity in liver tissues increased, and iNOS-expressing cells with morphological differences were observed after a moderate or severe infection. The iNOS-expressing cells in liver tissues had multiple origins.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China ; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning 530028, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qing-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ji-Qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning 530028, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning 530028, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yi-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.|Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health.|WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ying-Dan
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.|Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health.|WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Nong
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003003:Clonorchiasis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D003004:Clonorchis sinensis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Clonorchis sinensis; immunohistochemistry; inducible nitric oxide synthase; liver; pathology