title: Position of document holder and work related risk factors for neck pain among computer users: a narrative review.
abstract: Document holder is used as a remedy to address occupational neck pain among computer users. An understanding on the effects of the document holder along with other work related risk factors while working in computer workstation requires attention. A comprehensive knowledge on the optimal location of the document holder in computer use and associated work related factors that may contribute to neck pain reviewed in this article. A literature search has been conducted over the past 14 years based on the published articles from January 1990 to January 2014 in both Science Direct and PubMed databases. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords for search were neck muscle OR head posture OR muscle tension' OR muscle activity OR work related disorders OR neck pain AND/OR document location OR document holder OR source document OR copy screen holder.Document holder placed lateral to the screen was most preferred to reduce neck discomfort among occupational typists. Document without a holder was placed flat on the surface is least preferred. The head posture and muscle activity increases when the document is placed flat on the surface compared to when placed on the document holder. Work related factors such as static posture, repetitive movement, prolong sitting and awkward positions were the risk factors for chronic neck pain. This review highlights the optimal location for document holder for computer users to reduce neck pain. Together, the importance of work related risk factors for to neck pain on occupational typist is emphasized for the clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Program, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, Faculty of Health Science, University, Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambusam
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Program, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, Faculty of Health Science, University, Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baharudin
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Program, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, Faculty of Health Science, University, Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roslizawati
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Program, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Wellness and Rehabilitation Research Niche Group, Faculty of Health Science, University, Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D003201:Computers; D006804:Ergonomics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011187:Posture; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Document holder; Focument location; Head posture; Muscle activity; Neck muscle; Work related disorders