title: Draft genome sequence and chemical profiling of Fusarium langsethiae, an emerging producer of type A trichothecenes.
abstract: Fusarium langsethiae is a widespread pathogen of small grain cereals, causing problems with T-2 and HT-2 toxin contamination in grains every year. In an effort to better understand the biology of this fungus, we present a draft genome sequence of F. langsethiae Fl201059 isolated from oats in Norway. The assembly was fragmented, but reveals a genome of approximately 37.5 Mb, with a GC content around 48%, and 12,232 predicted protein-coding genes. Focusing on secondary metabolism we identified candidate genes for 12 polyketide synthases, 13 non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, and 22 genes for terpene/isoprenoid biosynthesis. Some of these were found to be unique compared to sequence databases. The identified putative Tri5 cluster was highly syntenic to the cluster reported in F. sporotrichioides. Fusarium langsethiae Fl201059 produces a high number of secondary metabolites on Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) agar medium, dominated by type A trichothecenes. Interestingly we found production of glucosylated HT-2 toxin (Glu-HT-2), previously suggested to be formed by the host plant and not by the fungus itself. In greenhouse inoculations of F. langsethiae Fl201059 on barley and oats, we detected the type A trichothecenes: neosolaniol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, Glu-HT-2 and numerous derivatives of these.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Health and Biotechnology, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: erik.lysoe@nibio.no.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lysøe
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rasmus J N
authors.initials: RJN
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.affiliation: Section of Mycology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750, Sentrum 0106, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hege H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Divon
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, via S. Protaso, 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda PC, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, via S. Protaso, 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda PC, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orrù
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, via S. Protaso, 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda PC, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamontanara
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7043, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kolseth
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thrane
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000382:microbiology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D009664:Norway; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes
keywords: Cereals; Fusarium langsethiae; Genome; Glucosylated mycotoxins; HT-2 toxin; Oats; Secondary metabolism; T-2 toxin