title: The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in Iranian patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inverted papilloma (IP) is an uncommon disease which arises in the mucosal membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. It has been proposed that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causal agent in the pathogenesis of IP and plays a key role in the progression from benign IP to malignancy. As there are no prior studies that focus on an Iranian population, this study intended to characterize the prevalence of HPV types in benign and malignant forms of IP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, we included a total of 40 IP patients [37 benign IP and 3 IP/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] who were referred to Amiralam Hospital in Tehran from 2004-2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV was detected in 18.9% and 100% of IP and IP/SCC cases, respectively. In all HPV positive cases of IP and IP/SCC cases, HPV6/11 and HPV16/18 were detected, respectively. Therefore, HPV types were different between the IP and IP/SCC patients, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that HPV6 and 11 may be involved in the development of IP, but HPV16 and 18 likely play an important role in the progression from benign to malignant form of IP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalilvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zabihollah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shoja
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghavami
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: rhamkar@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Rasool
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: HPV types; benign; human papillomavirus (HPV); inverted papilloma; malignancy