title: Impact of Adjuvant Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Treatment on Patients with High-Grade T1 Bladder Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment in patients with high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 207 consecutive patients who underwent transurethral resection for high-grade T1 transitional cell carcinoma of bladder at our institution between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012. Of those patients, 77 underwent early cystectomy without BCG instillation and were excluded from the analysis. The overall survival and cancer-specific mortality were compared in 2 different therapy options groups (group of patients who received adjuvant BCG instillation vs. the group of patients who did not receive BCG therapy). Overall mortality was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate comparisons were made with the log rank test. The cumulative incidence of deaths from bladder cancer (BC) was determined by univariate and multivariate competing risk analysis. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study the combined effects of the variables on BC-specific mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year overall survival in patients with BCG instillation vs. patients who did not receive BCG therapy was 74 vs. 28% (p = 0.0016). In the univariate analysis, the adjuvant intravesical BCG treatment was associated with decreased cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.0062). In the multivariable analysis, the age and the BCG instillation were independent factors of overall survival (hazard ratio 0.26, 95% CI 0.15-0.46, p < 0.0001) and cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.71, p = 0.0067).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dispensing from adjuvant intravesical BCG treatment is associated with increased overall- and disease-specific mortality in patients with T1 high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. This observation confirms that adjuvant BCG instillation is a crucial part of treatment in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Froehner
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ollig
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zastrow
authors.forename: Manfred P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wirth
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine