title: Pleiotropic Functions of H3K27Me3 Demethylases in Immune Cell Differentiation.
abstract: The trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27Me3) contributes to gene repression, notably through recruitment of Polycomb complexes, and has long been considered essential to maintain cell identity. Whereas H3K27Me3 was thought to be stable and not catalytically reversible, the discovery of the Utx and Jmjd3 demethylases changed this notion, raising new questions on the role of these enzymes in gene expression and cell differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated critical roles for Utx and Jmjd3 in the development and function of immune cells, and revealed both demethylase and demethylase-independent activities of these enzymes. I review these finding here, and discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the broad, yet highly cell- and gene-specific, impact of these enzymes in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: remy@helix.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bosselut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C000609950:H3-3A protein, human; D006657:Histones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056466:Histone Demethylases; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; C523998:KDM6A protein, human; C524220:KDM6B protein, human; C523761:Kdm6b protein, mouse