title: Status of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among the Sahariya tribe of North Central India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence/prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) is reported to be high in the Sahariya tribe of North Central India. The outbreaks of different drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis emphasized the need for continuous monitoring of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study aimed to assess the profile of multidrug resistant TB among the Sahariya tribe and their non-tribal neighbors for first line drugs through field-based investigations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 274 sputum positive pulmonary TB individuals were enrolled and studied for their drug susceptibility profile by the proportion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 cases from Sahariya and 6 from non-tribes were identified with MDR-TB. Thus Sahariya tribe showed a 1.95-fold increased risk of developing drug resistance than non-tribes. Significant differences were observed for developing drug sensitivity between Sahariya males and females when analyzed for resistance developed to any drug and overall drug resistance vs. sensitive isolates, respectively. A 4.46-fold risk was found for MDR-TB among the smokers of Sahariya tribe, whereas, the non-tribes did not show any significant association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The drug susceptibility profile developed in the present study indicates that drug-resistant tuberculosis is emerging as a serious public health concern in Sahariya tribe. Urgent and effective control measures and better management policies are needed for the prevention of MDR-TB in the tribe.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Genomics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282 004, India.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282 004, India.
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: District TB Health Society, Gwalior, India.
authors.forename: Vinod K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programe, District Hospital, Sheopur, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282 004, India.
authors.forename: Devendra S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Genomics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India. Electronic address: pk_tiwari@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pramod K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110 029, India. Electronic address: vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Vishwa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Katoch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044382:Population Groups; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: MDR-TB; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Sahariya tribe