title: Deiodinase knockdown affects zebrafish eye development at the level of gene expression, morphology and function.
abstract: Retinal development in vertebrates relies extensively on thyroid hormones. Their local availability is tightly controlled by several regulators, including deiodinases (Ds). Here we used morpholino technology to explore the roles of Ds during eye development in zebrafish. Transcriptome analysis at 3 days post fertilization (dpf) revealed a pronounced effect of knockdown of both T4-activating Ds (D1D2MO) or knockdown of T3-inactivating D3 (D3bMO) on phototransduction and retinoid recycling. This was accompanied by morphological defects (studied from 1 to 7 dpf) including reduced eye size, disturbed retinal lamination and strong reduction in rods and all four cone types. Defects were more prominent and persistent in D3-deficient fish. Finally, D3-deficient zebrafish larvae had disrupted visual function at 4 dpf and were less sensitive to a light stimulus at 5 dpf. These data demonstrate the importance of TH-activating and -inactivating Ds for correct zebrafish eye development, and point to D3b as a central player.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Houbrechts
authors.affiliation: Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vergauwen
authors.affiliation: Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Enise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagci
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jolien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Houcke
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heijlen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulemeka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dries
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knapen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: veerle.darras@bio.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Veerle M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Darras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase
keywords: Deiodinase; Development; Morpholino knockdown; Retina; Thyroid hormone; Zebrafish