title: Role of Penile Doppler US in the Preoperative Assessment of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: Results From a Large Prospective Multicenter European Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of penile Doppler ultrasound (PDU) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative diagnostic evaluation of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective analysis on patients presenting with clinical diagnosis of penile squamous cell carcinoma from 6 different European hospitals between 2012 and 2014 was carried out. Each patient who had planned an organ sparing approach underwent an MRI and PDU both with an artificial erection with prostaglandin E 1. Age, evidence of MRI or PDU corpora cavernosa infiltration, frozen section examination report, definitive pathological report, and surgical approach used per patient were recorded. Accuracy, precision, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Outcomes were statistically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 67.35 ± 15.45 (range 51-82). All of the patients were treated surgically. Of the 200 patients, 135 (67.5%) underwent a corpora sparing approach, whereas 65 had a partial penectomy because of the frozen section outcome. About corpora cavernosa infiltration, the definitive outcome confirmed the frozen section examination. PDU vs MRI accuracy was 96.5% vs 90.5%; precision was 92.6% vs 96%; sensitivity was 96.9% vs 73.8%, specificity was 96.2% vs 98.5%. Despite sensitivity (P <.05) no statistical evidence was found between ultrasound and MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDU has a statistical similar outcome on detecting infiltration of corpora cavernosa and could be used as a less expensive tool to drive surgical strategy in patient with a diagnosis of penile squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domni, Castellanza, Italy. Electronic address: gioboz@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bozzini
authors.affiliation: Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Provenzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romero Otero
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margreiter
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Lomonosov Hospital, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osmolorskij
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verze
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanguedolce
authors.affiliation: Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: NicoloMaria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buffi
authors.affiliation: Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Guazzoni Giorgio
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ferrucio
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domni, Castellanza, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taverna
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler