title: Enhancing dendritic cell activation and HIV vaccine effectiveness through nanoparticle vaccination.
abstract: Novel vaccination approaches are needed to prevent and control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A growing body of literature demonstrates the potential of nanotechnology to modulate the human immune system and generate targeted, controlled immune responses. In this Review, we summarize important advances in how 'nanovaccinology' can be used to develop safe and effective vaccines for HIV. We highlight the central role of dendritic cells in the immune response to vaccination and describe how nanotechnology can be used to enhance delivery to and activation of these important antigen-presenting cells. Strategies employed to improve biodistribution are discussed, including improved lymph node delivery and mucosal penetration concepts, before detailing methods to enhance the humoral and/or cellular immune response to vaccines. We conclude with a commentary on the current state of nanovaccinology.
authors.affiliation: a ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.|b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: a ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.|b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.|c Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases , Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.affiliation: a ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.|b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Rose
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines
keywords: HIV; adjuvant; dendritic cell; nanovaccinology; vaccine