title: Stable isotope-assisted LC-MS/MS monitoring of glyceryl trinitrate bioactivation in a cell culture model of nitrate tolerance.
abstract: The nitric oxide (NO) metabolites nitrite (NO2(-)) and nitrate (NO3(-)) can be quantified as an endpoint of endothelial function. We developed a LC-MS/MS method of measuring nitrite and nitrate isotopologues, which has a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 nM. This method allows for isotopic labeling to differentiate newly formed nitrite and nitrate from nanomolar to micromolar background levels of nitrite and nitrate in biological matrices. This method utilizes 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) derivatization, which reacts with nitrite under acidic conditions to produce 2,3-naphthotriazole (NAT). NAT was chromatographically separated on a Shimadzu LC System with an Agilent Extend-C18 5 μm 2.1 × 150 mm column and detected using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method on an ABSciex 3200 QTRAP mass spectrometer operated in positive mode. Mass spectrometry allows for the quantification of (14)N-NAT (m/z 170.1) and (15)N-NAT (m/z 171.1). Both nitrite and nitrate demonstrated a linear detector response (1 nM - 10 μM, 1 nM - 100 nM, respectively), and were unaffected by common interferences (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), phenol red, and NADPH). This method requires minimal sample preparation, making it ideal for most biological applications. We applied this method to develop a cell culture model to study the development of nitrate tolerance in human endothelial cells (EA.hy926).
authors.affiliation: The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology(,) Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States. Electronic address: axtone@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Axton
authors.affiliation: The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hardardt
authors.affiliation: The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States. Electronic address: fred.stevens@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D005996:Nitroglycerin
keywords: Cell culture; Glyceryl trinitrate; LC–MS/MS; Nitrate tolerance; Nitric oxide; Nitrite