title: Antioxidant Approaches to Management of Ionizing Irradiation Injury.
abstract: Ionizing irradiation induces acute and chronic injury to tissues and organs. Applications of antioxidant therapies for the management of ionizing irradiation injury fall into three categories: (1) radiation counter measures against total or partial body irradiation; (2) normal tissue protection against acute organ specific ionizing irradiation injury; and (3) prevention of chronic/late radiation tissue and organ injury. The development of antioxidant therapies to ameliorate ionizing irradiation injury began with initial studies on gene therapy using Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) transgene approaches and evolved into applications of small molecule radiation protectors and mitigators. The understanding of the multiple steps in ionizing radiation-induced cellular, tissue, and organ injury, as well as total body effects is required to optimize the use of antioxidant therapies, and to sequence such approaches with targeted therapies for the multiple steps in the irradiation damage response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Rm. 533, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. greenbergerjs@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greenberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental/Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. kagan@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Valerian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. hub22@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bayir
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. pwipf@pitt.edu.|Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. pwipf@pitt.edu.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. pwipf@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wipf
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Rm. 533, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. epperlymw@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Epperly
keywords: antioxidants; ionizing irradiation; mitochondrial mechanisms of apoptosis; oxidative stress