title: Pharmacological treatments in alcohol use disorders: state of art and new perspectives.
abstract: The main focus of this narrative review is to present and discuss the most relevant clinical data about the pharmacological therapy for alcohol use disorders. By using PubMed we conducted a review of the clinical literature on drugs related to alcohol use disorders. All data are presented following the three phases of treatment: a) from withdrawal to abstinence; b) abstinence and relapse prevention; c) reduction of alcohol consumption. Historical evidence shows that in addition to the drugs already approved for the treatment of alcoholism, there are some off-label medications as effective as the approved ones which deserve therefore further study. The treatment of the alcoholic patient always requires a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach, directed to the specific needs of each subject in order to achieve a correct care personalization. The study of the cognitive effects of each drug and pharmacogenetics will allow us to increasingly customize therapy for each individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University Medical School of Rome.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guglielmo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University Medical School of Rome - Department of Human Science, Lumsa University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ioime
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University Medical School of Rome.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solaroli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University Medical School of Rome.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janiri
mesh_terms: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome,; Alcoholism; Integrated therapies; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacotherapy