title: Resilience: The role of accurate appraisal, thresholds, and socioenvironmental factors.
abstract: Adding to the resilience model of Kalisch and colleagues, we suggest that resilience is associated with accurate rather than excessively positive or negative appraisal or reappraisal styles; that complex systems do not always change in linear fashion; that linkages of individuals, families, and communities markedly affect individual resilience; and that resilience research focus on specific factors or mechanisms as well as more global ones.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences Division,National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,VA Connecticut Healthcare System,West Haven,CT 06516rhpietrzak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Southwick
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences Division,National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,VA Connecticut Healthcare System,West Haven,CT 06516rhpietrzak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY 10029.dennis.charney@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Dennis S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Charney
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences Division,National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,VA Connecticut Healthcare System,West Haven,CT 06516rhpietrzak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Krystal
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D055500:Resilience, Psychological