title: A Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacities of Concord, Purple, Red, and Green Grapes Using the CUPRAC Assay.
abstract: Considering how popular grapes are in terms of their antioxidant benefits, we compared concord, purple, red, and green grapes for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and carbohydrate concentration. All grapes were acquired from commercial sources and samples of each were separated into skinned and not skinned groups. Each whole grape and the skins were individually homogenized and then separated into pulp and supernatant fractions. Each fraction was analyzed for total TAC and carbohydrates. The concord grapes and purple grapes had significantly higher TAC in the homogenates than did the red or green grapes. The concord grapes and green grapes had significantly higher TAC in the pulp than in the cytosol whereas the red and purple grapes had approximately the same amount. The majority of the TAC of the purple and red grapes was in the skin whereas the concord and green grapes had approximately the same TAC in the skin and pulp. The concord and purple grapes had the highest TAC when compared to the red and green grapes, whereas the red and green grapes had approximately the same total TAC.
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA. connor.callaghan@acphs.edu.
authors.forename: Connor M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.affiliation: Stratton VA Medical Center, 113 Holland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA. robert.leggett@va.gov.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA. Robert.levin2@va.gov.|Stratton VA Medical Center, 113 Holland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA. Robert.levin2@va.gov.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
keywords: CUPRAC assay; antioxidant; carbohydrates; grape; oxidative stress