title: Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Benin: Persistence of a Single Virus Genotype in the Country for Over 42 Years.
abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious and often fatal disease affecting sheep and goats. Currently, it is endemic in Africa, the Middle and Near East, the Indian subcontinent and China. Understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PPR virus (PPRV) can assist in the control of the transboundary spread of this economically important disease. We isolated PPRV from pathological and swab samples collected 42 years apart (1969 and 2011) in Benin, West Africa, and sequenced the full genome of two isolates (Benin/B1/1969 and Benin/10/2011). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the characterized isolates clustered within viral lineage II and that the 2011 isolates fell into two distinct subgroups. Comparison of the full genome sequences revealed a 95.3% identity at the nucleotide level, while at the protein level, the matrix protein was the most conserved between the two viruses with an identity of 99.7% and only one amino acid substitution over the 42-year sampling period. An analysis of specific amino acid residues of known or putative function did not identify any significant changes between the two viruses. A molecular clock analysis of complete PPRV genomes revealed that the lineage II viruses sampled here arose in the early 1960s and that these viruses have likely persisted in Benin since this time.
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Adombi
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waqas
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Dundon
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Daojin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Diagnostic vétérinaire et de Sérosurveillance (LADISERO), Parakou, Bénin.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kakpo
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Diagnostic vétérinaire et de Sérosurveillance (LADISERO), Parakou, Bénin.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Aplogan
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie ISRA/LNERV, Dakar Hann, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diop
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie ISRA/LNERV, Dakar Hann, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Moedling, Austria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.affiliation: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Moedling, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loitsch
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001541:Benin / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China; D005838:Genotype; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006041:Goats; D008877:Middle East; D029021:Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
keywords: evolution; genotype; molecular epidemiology; morbillivirus; persistence; peste des petits ruminants