title: Formulation and advantages of furazolidone in liposomal drug delivery systems.
abstract: Furazolidone has proven to have antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. A number of literature supported its use against Helicobacter pylori. This potential application opens new prospects of its use in clinical settings in triple therapy. In order to avoid side effects associated with this drug, liposomal mucoadhesive drug delivery that can work locally in stomach is considered as an appropriate approach. This study is a focus on formulations and in vitro characterization of liposomes containing furazolidone. Therefore, the effects of variable amounts of drug and cholesterol on encapsulation efficacy and in vitro drug release were evaluated for different liposomal formulations. Mucoadhesive behavior of chitosan coated liposomal at two different pHs was also evaluated and increase in pH from 1.3 to 4.5 increased mucoadhesion from 42% to 60% respectively. Increasing the amount of drug from 4mg to 5mg increased encapsulation activity however, increasing the drug any further decreased encapsulation activity. In contrast, by increasing the amount of cholesterol decrease in encapsulation activity was observed. The optimized formulation with 5mg of drug and 53mg of cholesterol in formulation gave 57% drug release at pH 1.3 but release was increased up to 71% by increasing pH to 4.5 for same amount of drug. However, by using 10.6mg of cholesterol and 5mg of drug the overall release was increased at both pH conditions, at pH 1.3 release was 69% as compared to 77% at pH 4.5. This trend of drug release profile and mucoadhesion that favors pH 4.5 is documented as useful in targeting H. pylori as normal pH of stomach is expected to be higher by the influence of this microbe. Hence, the results of this research can be taken further into a future in vivo study.
authors.affiliation: Sunderland Pharmacy School, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK.
authors.forename: Muhammad Irfan
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Sunderland Pharmacy School, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paget
authors.affiliation: Sunderland Pharmacy School, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK. Electronic address: amal.elkordy@sunderland.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Amal Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elkordy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005664:Furazolidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008081:Liposomes; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D005664:Furazolidone; D048271:Chitosan; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cholesterol; Drug release; Encapsulation efficiency; Furazolidone; Liposomes; Mucoadhesion