title: Development of ostrich thrombocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in culture and the control of Toxoplasma gondii reproduction after macrophage activation.
abstract: Raising ostriches became an important economic activity after their products became commodities. The health of farm animals is of paramount importance, so assessing basic immunological responses is necessary to better understand health problems. We developed a method to obtain ostrich thrombocytes and macrophages. The thrombocytes died by apoptosis after 48 h in culture, and the macrophages expanded in size and increased the number of acidic compartments. Macrophages were activated by chicken interferon-γ, producing high levels of nitric oxide. Toxoplasma gondii was able to infect these macrophages, and activation controlled parasitic reproduction. T. gondii, however, persisted in these cells, and infection reduced the production of nitric oxide. These results are important for the future assessment of the basic cellular and immunobiology of ostriches and demonstrate T. gondii suppression of nitric oxide production.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual. Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Farlen J B
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual. Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Cláudio
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Damasceno-Sá
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual. Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil renato@uenf.br.
authors.forename: Renato A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DaMatta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D020310:Struthioniformes; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000502:physiology; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Struthio camelus; apoptosis; interferon; macrophages; thrombocytes