title: Plasmatic proinflammatory chemokines levels are tricky markers to monitoring HTLV-1 carriers.
abstract: The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is present throughout the world and is associated with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other inflammatory conditions. The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP involves a chronic inflammatory response in central nervous system (CNS), with the presence of HTLV-1 infected cells and HTLV-1-specific CD8+ lymphocytes. Chemokines may have a role in the infiltration of these cells into the CNS. In this context, the present study analyzed the level of plasmatic chemokines CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL5 (RANTES), IL8 (CXCL8), CXCL9 (MIG), and CXCL10 (IP-10) and HTLV-1 proviral load from peripheral blood in 162 asymptomatic carriers and 136 HAM/TSP patients to determine the differences that be associated with the clinical status of the HTLV-1 infection. The results showed that patients with HAM/TSP have significantly higher levels of IL8 and CXCL9, and that the level of IL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10 was significantly greater in HTLV-1 infected individuals with high (>1%) than those with low proviral load (<1%). However, the levels of the chemokines tested have not showed high sensitivity to discriminate HAM/TSP patients from asymptomatic carriers. In addition, chemokine profiles in asymptomatic carriers and HAM/TSP groups were similar, with no significant increased frequency of higher producers of chemokines in HAM/TSP individuals. Results indicate that the heterogeneity of the individuals in the groups regarding time of infection, duration of disease, proviral load level and other possible confound factors may impair the use of chemokines levels to monitor HTLV-1 carriers in clinical practice. J. Med. Virol. 88:1438-1447, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Gonçalves
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy College, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Campos
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Poliane
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Cássia Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Clara Fernandes
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: da Silva-Malta
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.|GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Cláudio
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Romanelli
authors.affiliation: GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Gabriel
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.|GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Bárbara
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: de Freitas Carneiro-Proietti
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.|GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Lobato
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058345:Asymptomatic Infections; D002353:Carrier State / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines; D016209:Interleukin-8
keywords: HAM/TSP; HTLV-1; asymptomatic carriers; chemokine