title: Neural connectivity of alexithymia: Specific association with major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alexithymia has been frequently associated with major depression disorders (MDD). Yet little is known about the exact relationship of alexithymia and MDD. In order to explore this subject matter, the neural connectivity associated with alexithymia in people with MDD and matched nonclinical controls were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two females diagnosed with first-episode MDD and twenty-one matched nonclinical controls were MRI brain-scanned with diffusion-tensor-imaging and resting-state-functional-imaging methods, and self-reported the Chinese 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Voxel-wise multiple regression analysis showed a group interaction effect regarding the correlation between white-matter-connectivity and alexithymia. Significant correlations were observed at the corpus-callosum in MDDs and at the right superior-longitudinal-fasciculus in the controls. These findings were then used to derive seeds for analyzing resting-state-functional-connectivity in each group separately. The results further revealed that alexithymia in MDDs were associated with reduced functional-connectivity in the right precentral-gyrus and several regions of the brain on the right which are associated with cognitive regulation in the default-mode-network. In contrast, among the control subjects, alexithymia was correlated with increased functional-connectivity between the right inferior-frontal-gyrus-triangularis and the right superior-occipital-lobe, which is associated with emotional response to external stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better participant selection, especially recruitment of medication-free samples, and the engagement of additional alexithymia assessments, should be considered in future investigations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings supported our a priori hypothesis that MDDs and controls have distinct white-matter correlates of alexithymia, and these corresponded to the existing proposed neural correlates for the cognitive and affective characteristics of alexithymia respectively. Extended impacts of these microstructural changes on remote functional networks might help explain the distinct behavioral characteristics of alexithymia for these groups, as well as implications for therapeutic intervention of MDD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Nerissa S P
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Michael M C
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Tatia M C
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016880:Anisotropy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D066127:White Matter / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Alexithymia; Corpus callosum; Depression; Resting-state; Superior longitudinal fasciculus; White-matter