title: [Effect of childhood adiposity on long-term risks of carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in adulthood].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of childhood excessive adiposity on long-term risk of adult carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, in 1987, by using stratified cluster sampling design, 3 198 healthy children aged 6-18 were recruited from six primary schools and six middle schools from three districts (Chaoyang, Xicheng, and Haidian) in Beijing, with blood pressure, weight, height and left scapular skinfold thickness (LSSF) measured. From April 2010 to July 2012, 1 225 subjects were followed from childhood to adulthood. Questionnaire, biochemistry parameters, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were measured at follow-up. Based on weight statuses in childhood and adulthood, subjects were classified into four groups (persistent non-overweight from childhood to adulthood, overweight in childhood but non-overweight in adulthood, non-overweight in childhood but overweight in adulthood, persistent overweight from childhood to adulthood). Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between weight statuses changing from childhood to adulthood and adult high cfPWV and high cIMT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) at adulthood was 52.2% (639). Males had higher prevalence of smoking (62.5%(422/675) vs 29.4%(160/550), χ(2)=133.21, P<0.001), drinking (52.1%(353/675) vs 26.1%(140/550), χ(2)=87.13, P<0.001), overweight (including obesity) (69.3% (468/675) vs 31.1% (171/550), χ(2)=182.18, P< 0.001) than females. With adjusting for gender, age, and length of follow-up, the risk of high cfPWV and high cIMT increased by 26% and 58% for 1 units increase in BMI, and by 30% and 36% for 1 units increase in LSSF. Compared to subjects with persistent non-overweight from childhood to adulthood, subjects with overweight in childhood but non-overweight in adulthood had similar risks of high cfPWV (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 0.77-3.30)and high cIMT (OR=1.47, 95%CI:0.65-3.31). The risks of high cfPWV and high cIMT increased among subjects with non-overweight in childhood but overweight in adulthood (OR=1.92, 95%CI:1.37-2.68; OR=3.69, 95% CI:2.61- 5.23) and among subjects with persistent overweight from childhood to adulthood (OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.70-3.76; OR=5.37, 95%CI:3.62-7.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that a overweight children changed to a healthy weight adult, the risks of adult subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness would not be increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Yinkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Junting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mi
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000068476:Beijing; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness