title: Exercise Mode Moderates the Relationship Between Mobility and Basal Ganglia Volume in Healthy Older Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether 12 months of aerobic training (AT) moderated the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume than balance and toning (BAT) exercises in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Champaign-Urbana, Illinois.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older adults (N=101; mean age 66.4).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve-month exercise trial with two groups: AT and BAT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mobility was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test. Basal ganglia (putamen, caudate nucleus, pallidum) was segmented from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images using the Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool. Measurements were obtained at baseline and trial completion. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether exercise mode moderates the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume over 12 months. Age, sex, and education were included as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise significantly moderated the relationship between change in mobility and change in left putamen volume. Specifically, for the AT group, volume of the left putamen did not change, regardless of change in mobility. Similarly, in the BAT group, those who improved their mobility most over 12 months had no change in left putamen volume, although left putamen volume of those who declined in mobility levels decreased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary finding that older adults who engaged in 12 months of BAT training and improved mobility exhibited maintenance of brain volume in an important region responsible for motor control provides compelling evidence that such exercises can contribute to the promotion of functional independence and healthy aging.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
authors.forename: Lindsay S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nagamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Kirk I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fanning
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Awick
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.|Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
authors.forename: Arthur F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.|Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McAuley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: aging; basal ganglia; exercise mode; mobility