title: Barcoding and species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Ochroconis and Verruconis.
abstract: The genera Ochroconis and Verruconis (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales) have remarkably high molecular diversity despite relatively high degrees of phenotypic similarity. Tree topologies, inter-specific and intra-specific heterogeneities, barcoding gaps and reciprocal monophyly of all currently known species were analyzed. It was concluded that all currently used genes viz. SSU, ITS, LSU, ACT1, BT2, and TEF1 were unable to reach all 'gold standard' criteria of barcoding markers. They could nevertheless be used for reasonably reliable identification of species, because the markers, although variable, were associated with large inter-specific heterogeneity. Of the coding protein-genes, ACT1 revealed highest potentiality as barcoding marker in mostly all parts of the investigated sequence. SSU, LSU, ITS, and ACT1 yielded consistent monophyly in all investigated species, but only SSU and LSU generated clear barcoding gaps. For phylogeny, LSU was an informative marker, suitable to reconstruct gene-trees showing correct phylogenetic relationships. Cryptic species were revealed especially in complexes with very high intra-specific variability. When all these complexes will be taxonomically resolved, ACT1 will probably appear to be the most reliable barcoding gene for Ochroconis and Verruconis.
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kittipan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samerpitak
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bert H G
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Gerrits van den Ende
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J Benjamin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Stielow
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Steph B J
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Menken
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing 100034, PR China; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510085, PR China; Second Medical Military University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil; Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: de.hoog@cbs.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: G Sybren
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Hoog
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins
keywords: Barcoding; Ochroconis; Phylogeny; Sympoventuriaceae; Verruconis