title: The MATE1 rs2289669 polymorphism affects the renal clearance of metformin following ranitidine treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human multidrug and toxin extrusion member 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) and Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2) play important roles in the renal elimination of various pharmacologic agents, including the anti-diabetic drug metformin. The goal of this study was to determine the association between metformin's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the genetic variants of MATE1 (rs2289669) and OCT2 (rs316019) before and after treatment with the potential MATE inhibitor, ranitidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 26 healthy Koreans balanced across the OCT2 and MATE1 genetic variants, and conducted a prospective clinical trial to investigate their effects on metformin's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics before and after ranitidine treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither MATE1 rs2289669 nor OCT2 rs316019 affected metformin's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics before ranitidine treatment. However, the renal clearance of metformin was significantly higher (15.2%) after ranitidine treatment in the MATE1 GG group compared with the MATE1 GA + AA group. Only the effect of MATE1 on the renal clearance of metformin after ranitidine treatment was significant (b = -0.465, p ≤ 0.05) after including demographic data and the OCT2 genotype in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that MATE1 rs2289669 may be a significant determinant in the renal clearance of metformin in the case of transporter-mediated drug interactions.
authors.forename: Sung Kweon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jae-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008687:Metformin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D000075102:Organic Cation Transporter 2; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D000075102:Organic Cation Transporter 2; C491013:SLC22A2 protein, human; C521869:SLC47A1 protein, human; C521870:SLC47A2 protein, human; D011899:Ranitidine; D008687:Metformin