title: Differentiation of Speech Delay and Global Developmental Delay in Children Using DTI Tractography-Based Connectome.
abstract: Pure speech delay is a common developmental disorder which, according to some estimates, affects 5%-8% of the population. Speech delay may not only be an isolated condition but also can be part of a broader condition such as global developmental delay. The present study investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging tractography-based connectome can differentiate global developmental delay from speech delay in young children.
  
  
  
  Twelve children with pure speech delay (39.1 ± 20.9 months of age, 9 boys), 14 children with global developmental delay (39.3 ± 18.2 months of age, 12 boys), and 10 children with typical development (38.5 ± 20.5 months of age, 7 boys) underwent 3T DTI. For each subject, whole-brain connectome analysis was performed by using 116 cortical ROIs. The following network metrics were measured at individual regions: strength (number of the shortest paths), efficiency (measures of global and local integration), cluster coefficient (a measure of local aggregation), and betweeness (a measure of centrality).
  
  
  
  Compared with typical development, global and local efficiency were significantly reduced in both global developmental delay and speech delay (P < .0001). The nodal strength of the cognitive network is reduced in global developmental delay, whereas the nodal strength of the language network is reduced in speech delay. This finding resulted in a high accuracy of >83% ± 4% to discriminate global developmental delay from speech delay.
  
  
  
  The network abnormalities identified in the present study may underlie the neurocognitive and behavioral consequences commonly identified in children with global developmental delay and speech delay. Further validation studies in larger samples are required.
authors.affiliation: From the Carman and Ann Adams Departments of Pediatrics (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.) Neurology (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Translational Imaging Laboratory (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan. jeongwon@pet.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: J-W
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4498-0939
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: From the Carman and Ann Adams Departments of Pediatrics (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.) Neurology (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Translational Imaging Laboratory (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0382-0536
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.affiliation: From the Carman and Ann Adams Departments of Pediatrics (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.) Neurology (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Translational Imaging Laboratory (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: M E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9342-6048
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Behen
authors.affiliation: From the Carman and Ann Adams Departments of Pediatrics (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.) Neurology (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Translational Imaging Laboratory (J.-W.J., S.S., M.E.B., H.T.C.), Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: H T
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5080-2106
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male