title: Biodiesel production using lipase immobilized on epoxychloropropane-modified Fe3O4 sub-microspheres.
abstract: Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 sub-microspheres with diameters of approximately 200 nm were prepared via a solvothermal method, and then modified with epoxychloropropane. Lipase was immobilized on the modified sub-microspheres. The immobilized lipase was used in the production of biodiesel fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from acidified waste cooking oil (AWCO). The effects of the reaction conditions on the biodiesel yield were investigated using a combination of response surface methodology and three-level/three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum synthetic conditions, which were identified using Ridge max analysis, were as follows: immobilized lipase:AWCO mass ratio 0.02:1, fatty acid:methanol molar ratio 1:1.10, hexane:AWCO ratio 1.33:1 (mL/g), and temperature 40 °C. A 97.11% yield was obtained under these conditions. The BBD and experimental data showed that the immobilized lipase could generate biodiesel over a wide temperature range, from 0 to 40 °C. Consistently high FAME yields, in excess of 80%, were obtained when the immobilized lipase was reused in six replicate trials at 10 and 20 °C.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: liucx@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Changxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Amoy-BUCT Industrial of Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, China. Electronic address: liucq@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chunqiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Tianwei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000737:chemistry*; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008863:Microspheres; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D056804:Biofuels; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006586:Hexanes; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010938:Plant Oils; D008049:Lipase; C542783:1-chloropropane; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Acidified waste cooking oil; Biodiesel; Epoxychloropropane; Fe(3)O(4) sub-microsphere; Lipase immobilization; Reusability