title: The cytokine-serum amyloid A-chemokine network.
abstract: Levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), a major acute phase protein in humans, are increased up to 1000-fold upon infection, trauma, cancer or other inflammatory events. However, the exact role of SAA in host defense is yet not fully understood. Several pro- and anti-inflammatory properties have been ascribed to SAA. Here, the regulated production of SAA by cytokines and glucocorticoids is discussed first. Secondly, the cytokine and chemokine inducing capacity of SAA and its receptor usage are reviewed. Thirdly, the direct (via FPR2) and indirect (via TLR2) chemotactic effects of SAA and its synergy with chemokines are unraveled. Altogether, a complex cytokine-SAA-chemokine network is established, in which SAA plays a key role in regulating the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: mieke.debuck@rega.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Buck
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: mieke.gouwy@rega.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gouwy
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Electronic address: wangji@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Ji Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium; e Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: jacques.vansnick@bru.licr.org.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Snick
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: paul.proost@rega.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proost
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: sofie.struyf@rega.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Struyf
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: jo.vandamme@rega.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Damme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein
keywords: Chemotaxis; Cytokines; FPR2; SAA; TLR2