title: Variation of terpenes in milk and cultured cream from Norwegian alpine rangeland-fed and in-door fed cows.
abstract: The terpene content of milk and cream made from milk obtained from cows fed indoors, and by early or late grazing, in alpine rangeland farms in Norway, were analysed for three consecutive years. The main terpenes identified and semi-quantified were the monoterpenes β-pinene, α-pinene, α-thujene, camphene, sabinene, δ-3-carene, d-limonene, γ-terpinene, camphor, β-citronellene, and the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene. The average total terpene content increased five times during the alpine rangeland feeding period. The terpenes α-thujene, sabinene, γ-terpinene and β-citronellene were only detected in milk and cultured cream from the alpine rangeland feeding period and not in samples from the indoors feeding period. These four terpenes could be used, as indicators, to show that milk and cultured cream originate from the alpine rangeland feeding period. The terpenes did not influence the sensorial quality of the milk or the cultured cream.
authors.affiliation: Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: grethe.iren.borge@nofima.no.
authors.forename: Grethe Iren A
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Borge
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.affiliation: TINE SA, P.O. Box 25, N-0051 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jorun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Øyaas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Roger K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Abrahamsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013729:Terpenes
keywords: Alpine rangeland; Cultured cream; Grazing; Milk; Terpenes