title: Unveiling Microscopic Structures of Charged Water Interfaces by Surface-Specific Vibrational Spectroscopy.
abstract: A sum-frequency spectroscopy scheme is developed that allows the measurement of vibrational spectra of the interfacial molecular structure of charged water interfaces. The application of this scheme to a prototype lipid-aqueous interface as a demonstration reveals an interfacial hydrogen-bonding water layer structure that responds sensitively to the charge state of the lipid headgroup and its interaction with specific ions. This novel technique provides unique opportunities to search for better understanding of electrochemistry and biological aqueous interfaces at a deeper molecular level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.|Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.|Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.|Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Y Ron
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuanshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian