title: Microwave-assisted digestion followed by parallel electromembrane extraction for trace level perchlorate detection in biological samples.
abstract: A simple and parallel electromembrane extraction (pEME) method was developed and used to investigate trace perchlorate ion contamination in seafood. In this method, three different EME units were arranged simultaneously and connected parallel to a single DC power supply. In each unit, the ClO4(-) ions were electro-kinetically extracted from the microwave digested seafood homogenates into 100mM NaOH via a supported liquid membrane (1-Hexanol). Influential extraction parameters were carefully investigated. Under optimized conditions, good linearity with a coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.9949 over a concentration range of 1-125μg/g was obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04μgg(-1). The methods intraday and inter day precision varied between 4.3-5.6% respectively. Mean recoveries were up to 107% (n=6, RSD=0.7-6.8%). This method was applied to different seafood samples to assess its feasibility for real applications and it exhibited an enhanced sample throughput compatible with both microwave and ion chromatography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box-1509, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hakimu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nsubuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box-1509, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: cbasheer@kfupm.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Chanbasha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basheer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box-1509, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohanad Mubashar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bushra
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Hussain
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Essa
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment & Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Hussain
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment & Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahsan Mushir
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shemsi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008872:Microwaves; D010125:Ostreidae; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010472:Perchlorates
keywords: Enhanced sample throughput analysis; Ion chromatography; Microwave assisted digestion; Parallel electromembrane extraction; Seafood samples; Supported liquid membrane