title: Plasma Surface Functionalized Polyetheretherketone for Enhanced Osseo-Integration at Bone-Implant Interface.
abstract: This study aims at improving osseo-integration at the bone-implant interface of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). The pertinent surface characteristics including surface energy, roughness, morphology, and chemical composition are investigated systematically and the in vitro biological performance is evaluated by cell adhesion and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, real-time RT-PCR evaluation, and mineralization tests. In vivo osseo-integration is examined via implanting samples into the distal femur of the rats. The hydrophilicity, surface roughness, cell adhesion, and proliferation, ALP activity, and osteogenic differentiation after H2O PIII or NH3 PIII are improved significantly. Furthermore, substantially enhanced osseo-integration is achieved in vivo. Nonline-of-sight plasma surface functionalization, which is particularly suitable for biomedical implants with an irregular geometry, does not alter the bulk compressive yield strength and elastic modulus of the materials. Consequently, the favorable bulk attributes of PEEK are preserved while the surface biological properties are enhanced thus boding well for wider orthopedic application of the biopolymer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.|Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China.|Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Hoi Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: So Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Eva Y W
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Guosong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Haobo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kenneth M C
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University , Wuhan 430068, China.
authors.forename: Shuilin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.|Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital , 1 Haiyuan first Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518053, China.
authors.forename: Kelvin W K
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D007659:Ketones; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: interface; osseointegration; plasma immersion ion implantation; polyetheretherketone (PEEK); surface modification