title: Sildenafil prevents renal dysfunction in contrast media-induced nephropathy in Wistar rats.
abstract: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic medical event in stable cardiology patients that may lead to acute renal failure. There is no current successful therapy to manage CIN. Increasing evidence in experimental models and humans has suggested that this disease is associated with renal tubular and vascular injury triggered by oxidative stress. Considering the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the pathogenesis of CIN, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on CIN development. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, CIN, and CIN pretreated with sildenafil (50 mg/kg/day). CIN was induced by water deprivation, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + indomethacin injections (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and intravenous iohexol administration (3 g/kg). Renal function was evaluated through glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), plasma creatinine, uremia, and proteinuria. Oxidative stress was assessed by flow cytometry for intracellular ROS. Treatment with sildenafil attenuated the marked reduction of GFR and RBF in the CIN group. Moreover, sildenafil treatment in CIN rats reduced plasma creatinine, uremia, and proteinuria. Flow cytometry demonstrated that sildenafil attenuated the ROS production in the CIN group. These data suggest that sildenafil may be a new therapeutic agent to prevent CIN through its ability to preserve renal function and attenuate oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: 1 Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lais Salles de
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: 1 Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamila Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Barboza
authors.affiliation: 1 Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Priscila Santos
authors.initials: FPS
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: 1 Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcella Leite
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: 1 Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.|2 Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisardo Corral
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vasquez
authors.affiliation: 1 Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana Santos
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Meyrelles
authors.affiliation: 1 Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.|3 Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Agata Lages
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gava
authors.affiliation: 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.|4 Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Melo Costa
authors.initials: TMC
authors.lastname: Pereira
keywords: Renal toxicology; contrast-induced nephropathy; kidney injury; oxidative stress; renal function; sildenafil