title: The Effects of Mind Subtraction Meditation on Depression, Social Anxiety, Aggression, and Salivary Cortisol Levels of Elementary School Children in South Korea.
abstract: This study analyzed the effects of a school-based mind subtraction meditation program on depression, social anxiety, aggression, and salivary cortisol levels of 42 elementary school children in South Korea. The research design was a nonequivalent group comparison with pretest and post-test. The experimental group was given 8weeks of the meditation program. The results showed social anxiety, aggression, and salivary cortisol levels were significantly lowered in the experimental group. This demonstrated that the school-based mind subtraction meditation program could be effective in improving psychosocial and behavioral aspects of mental health in elementary school children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Gyeong
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Duck-Joo
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Paramedic Science, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Dongguk University, Jung-gu, Seoul Korea.
authors.forename: Namin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Gyesan Elementary School, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ra
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Holy Family University, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: byu@holyfamily.edu.
authors.forename: Boas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation / Q000379:methods*; D008603:Mental Health; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D012572:School Health Services; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Aggression; Depression; Elementary school students; Mind subtraction meditation; Salivary cortisol; School-based meditation program; Social anxiety; Stress