title: Dysregulation of renal microRNA expression after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of cardiopulmonary bypass-deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) surgery. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as key players in kidney physiology and pathology. However, whether they are implicated in DHCA-induced AKI at the early stage post-surgery is less studied, and requires for further investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, kidney tissues were removed at 2 h post-surgery from Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent a 60-min DHCA (18°C), with samples from sham-operated rats as control. Renal RNA isolates were analysed with Affymetrix miRNA microarray 4.0 containing 728 mature rat miRNA probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one miRNAs were down-regulated and 4 were up-regulated in the kidneys of DHCA rats [log2 (fold change, FC) > 1, P < 0.05]. Novel differentially expressed miRNAs, such as miRNA-3068, miR-1949 and miR-3473, were identified in the injured kidney tissues. Putative target genes of the down-regulated miR-30b-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-148b-3p and miR-10a-3p were subjected to analyses of gene ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The results indicated that these miRNAs targeted a large set of genes involved in essential biological processes related to AKI pathogenesis, such as apoptotic process and response to hypoxia, as well as genes implicated in critical signalling pathways, such as chemokine, lysosome and FoxO signalling pathways (false discovery rate-corrected, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identified 75 differentially expressed miRNAs hold the potential to serve as novel early markers and novel therapeutic targets for DHCA-AKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiac surgery, the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiac surgery, the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China cmugtx@sina.com.
authors.forename: Tianxiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiac surgery, the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Enyi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiac surgery, the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yongchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiac surgery, the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of cardiac surgery, the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D050792:Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest; MicroRNAs