title: Evaluation of protective effects of diosmin (a citrus flavonoid) in chemical-induced urolithiasis in experimental rats.
abstract: Context There have not been any conclusive studies of the effects of diosmin, a modified flavanone glycoside obtained from Teucrium gnaphalodes L'Her (Lamiaceae), on urolithiasis. Objective To evaluate anti-urolithiatic effects of diosmin in ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol-induced renal stone in experimental animals. Materials and methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley were divided into five groups (n=6) receiving the following treatments, respectively, p.o. for 15 consecutive days: distilled water, 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol + 2% w/v ammonium chloride, 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol + 2% w/v ammonium chloride + cystone® 750 mg/kg, 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol + 2% w/v ammonium chloride + diosmin 10 mg/kg or 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol + 2% w/v ammonium chloride + diosmin 20 mg/kg. Different biomarkers of urolithiasis in urine and serum were evaluated and histopathological examination of kidney was done. Results Animals treated with diosmin (both 10 and 20 mg/kg) had significantly (p < 0.005) decreased in kidney weight, urinary pH, total urinary protein, urinary calcium, phosphorus, serum potassium, sodium, magnesium, creatinine, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen levels and significantly (p < 0.005) increased in urinary volume, urinary magnesium, potassium, sodium, creatinine, uric acid and serum calcium levels in comparison to animals treated with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride. However, results were better with diosmin 20 mg/kg in comparison to the control group. Conclusion Diosmin (10 and 20 mg/kg) has very good anti-urolithiatic activity similar to the standard drug cystone®.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy , Namakkal , Tamil Nadu , India ;
authors.forename: V Vinoth
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy , Namakkal , Tamil Nadu , India ;
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sathyamurthy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy , Namakkal , Tamil Nadu , India ;
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India.
authors.forename: Saibal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy , Namakkal , Tamil Nadu , India ;
authors.forename: Medepalli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anuradha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy , Namakkal , Tamil Nadu , India ;
authors.forename: Sudhakar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pachiappan
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004145:Diosmin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D064804:Urological Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D064804:Urological Agents; C041060:cystone; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D004145:Diosmin; D019855:Ethylene Glycol
keywords: Ammonium chloride; anti-urolithiatic effects; cystone; ethylene glycol; renal stone