title: Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance.
abstract: Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium .
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Robberecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium .
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hermans
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids