title: Enhanced Osseointegration of Hierarchical Micro/Nanotopographic Titanium Fabricated by Microarc Oxidation and Electrochemical Treatment.
abstract: Rapid osseointegration is recognized as a critical factor in determining the success rate of orthopedic and dental implants. Microarc oxidation (MAO) fabricated titanium oxide coatings with a porous topography have been proven to be a potent approach to enhance osteogenic capacity. Now we report two kinds of new hierarchical coatings with similar micromorphologies but different nanotopographies (i.e., MAO and MAO-AK coatings), and both coatings significantly promote cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation through mediating the integrin β1 signaling pathway. In this study, titanium with a unique hierarchical micro/nanomorphology surface was fabricated by a novel duplex coating process, that is, the first a titanium oxide layer was coated by MAO, and then the coating was electrochemically reduced in alkaline solution (MAO-AK). A series of in vitro stem cell differentiation and in vivo osseointegration experiments were carried out to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of the resulting coatings. In vitro, the initial adhesion of the canine bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on the MAO and MAO-AK coatings was significantly enhanced, and cell proliferation was promoted. In addition, the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes, osteorix, alkaline phosphates (ALP), osteopontin, and osteocalcin, in the canine BMSCs, were all up-regulated after incubation on these coatings, especially on the MAO-AK coating. Also, the in vitro ALP activity and mineralization capacity of canine BMSC cultured on the MAO-AK group was better than that on the MAO group. Furthermore, 6 weeks after insertion of the titanium implants into canine femurs, both the bone formation speed and the bone-implant contact ratio of the MAO-AK group were significantly higher than those of the MAO group. All these results suggest that this duplex coating process is promising for engineering titanium surfaces to promote osseointegration for dental and orthopedic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering, and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Guanglong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Huiliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering, and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering, and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering, and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Guangzheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Yuqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering, and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Xinquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000097:blood; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D016348:Osseointegration; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D014025:Titanium
keywords: dental implant; micro/nanotopography; microarc oxidation; osseointegration; surface modification