title: The likelihood of having a serum PSA level of ≥2.5 ng/mL according to the degree of fatty liver disease in a screened population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to investigate the impact of fatty liver disease (FLD) on prostate cancer (PCa) screening by estimating the odds of having a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value over the cutoff used to prompt for the recommendation of prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007 and 2013, 18 533 native Korean men eligible to receive a serum PSA test, liver profiles, and abdominal ultrasonography were recruited. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of an abnormal PSA (≥2.5 ng/mL) in these men (age 45-75 years, PSA≤10 ng/mL) in relation to FLD. The FLD status was categorized as normal, mild, moderate, and severe grade by abdominal sonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 563 men (89.4%) were included in the study after applying the inclusion criteria. Liver profiles were negatively correlated with the serum PSA level. After controlling for age and obesity, there was a statistically significant trend towards a lower likelihood of having a serum PSA level of ≥2.5 ng/mL with severe FLD, having a 34.7% lower likelihood (odds ratio 0.653, 95% confidence interval 0.477-0.88; p<0.01) compared to men in the normal group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe FLD is an independent predictor of a lower likelihood of having abnormal PSA level. Further studies are needed to better define these results in clinical biopsy practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Jong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Hee Jo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Jae Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Seung Whan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Doo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Won Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Seong Sook
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Soonchungyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Suyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Yeon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Cho