title: Management of atypical lobular hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and lobular carcinoma in situ.
abstract: Atypical hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ are rare proliferative breast lesions, growing inside ducts and terminal ducto-lobular units. They represent a marker of increased risk for breast cancer and a non-obligate precursor of malignancy. Evidence available on diagnosis and management is scarce. They are frequently found incidentally associated with other lesions, but can be visible through mammography, ultrasound or magnetic resonance. Due to the risk of underestimation, surgical excision is often performed. The analysis of imaging and histopathological characteristics could help identifying low-risk cases, for which surgery is not necessary. Chemopreventive agents can be used for risk reduction. Careful imaging follow up is mandatory; the role of breast MRI as screening modality is under discussion.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clauser
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Pascal A T
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Baltzer
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Diagnostic Radiology , Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine , Udine , Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazzocchi
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Diagnostic Radiology , Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine , Udine , Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zuiani
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods
keywords: Breast; atypical hyperplasia; case management; chemoprevention; image guided biopsy; intraductal carcinoma; lobular neoplasms; magnetic resonance imaging; mammography; screening