title: Cotton Wool Spots after Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema Associated with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case series, whereby we encountered a transient increase in retinal cotton wool spots (CWS) following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen eyes were treated with intravitreal aflibercept (IVA), and 5 were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). Fundus photographs obtained 1 month after initial IVA or IVR injections were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of CWS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one (91.3%) patients had the following systemic diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus without retinopathy, dyslipidemia, or chronic renal failure requiring dialysis. One month after treatment, reduced macular edema was observed in 21 (91.3%) eyes. Initial injections facilitated complete resolution in 14 eyes, and CWS gradually became fainter with additional injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some eyes with CRVO-related macular edema can show a transient increase in CWS after initial anti-VEGF therapy; however, macular edema, retinal hemorrhage, and visual acuity were improved in almost every case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Akitaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujikawa
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Seiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harino
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osaka
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Sotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ooto
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuma
authors.forename: Seita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D007564:Japan; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C533178:aflibercept; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D000069579:Ranibizumab