title: Advanced Test of Attention in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Japan for Evaluation of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine Effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to validate the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) of the visual attention version of Japanese children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to evaluate the efficacy of methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) and atomoxetine medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess pharmacotherapy efficacy, the visual version of ATA was administered to 42 children with ADHD. Results were assessed using discriminant analysis, ANOVA for indices of ATA before and after medication treatment, and correlation analysis between the improvement of indices of ATA and clinical symptoms during medication treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discriminant analysis showed that 69.0% of ADHD children were assigned correctly. The T score of commission errors increased as the trial progressed on the medication-off condition. T scores of commission errors and standard deviation of response times on medication-on condition were low compared to the medication-off condition. A few significant correlations were found between the improvements of indices of ATA and ADHD-Rating Scale (RS) during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The performance of the visual version of ATA on medication-off condition reflected the features of ADHD. Furthermore, the medication treatment effects were confirmed sufficiently. In addition, results suggest that indices of ATA reflected aspects of ADHD symptoms that are difficult to elucidate for ADHD-RS. For assessing symptoms and effects of medical treatment in children with ADHD, ATA might be a useful assessment tool.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.|Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.affiliation: Advanced Biomedical Sciences Course, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yatsuga
authors.affiliation: Hiratani Clinic for Developmental Disorders of Children, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiratani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-E M
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Sup
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungzoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.|Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomoda
keywords: Advanced Test of Attention; Atomoxetine; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Commission error; Methylphenidate; Standard deviation of response times