title: Abnormal asymmetries in subcortical brain volume in schizophrenia.
abstract: Subcortical structures, which include the basal ganglia and parts of the limbic system, have key roles in learning, motor control and emotion, but also contribute to higher-order executive functions. Prior studies have reported volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in schizophrenia. Reported results have sometimes been heterogeneous, and few large-scale investigations have been conducted. Moreover, few large-scale studies have assessed asymmetries of subcortical volumes in schizophrenia. Here, as a work completely independent of a study performed by the ENIGMA consortium, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls. We also explored the laterality of subcortical regions to identify characteristic similarities and differences between them. T1-weighted images from 1680 healthy individuals and 884 patients with schizophrenia, obtained with 15 imaging protocols at 11 sites, were processed with FreeSurfer. Group differences were calculated for each protocol and meta-analyzed. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated smaller bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and accumbens volumes as well as intracranial volume, but larger bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum and lateral ventricle volumes. We replicated the rank order of effect sizes for subcortical volumetric changes in schizophrenia reported by the ENIGMA consortium. Further, we revealed leftward asymmetry for thalamus, lateral ventricle, caudate and putamen volumes, and rightward asymmetry for amygdala and hippocampal volumes in both controls and patients with schizophrenia. Also, we demonstrated a schizophrenia-specific leftward asymmetry for pallidum volume. These findings suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the pallidum in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.affiliation: Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koshiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamori
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hibar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: T G M
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: van Erp
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Natsubori
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasue
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iidaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.|Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala; D001479:Basal Ganglia; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011699:Putamen; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013788:Thalamus