title: Lung Infection by Human Bocavirus Induces the Release of Profibrotic Mediator Cytokines In Vivo and In Vitro.
abstract: Human Bocavirus subtype 1 (HBoV1) is associated with respiratory diseases and may contribute to chronic lung diseases by persisting in the infected host. Here the question was addressed if HBoV infections could contribute to fibrogenesis processes as suggested by previously published clinical observations. Cytokine profiles induced by HBoV infection in CuFi-8 air-liquid interphase cell cultures and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 20 HBoV-positive and 12 HBoV-negative patients were analysed by semi-quantitative Western spot blot analyses. Although lots of cytokines were regulated independently of HBoV status, several cytokines associated with lung fibrosis and tumour development, e.g., EGF, VEGF, TARC (CCL17), TNF-α, TNF-β, TIMP-1, were clearly upregulated in the HBoV-positive cohort. These findings suggest that the development of lung fibrosis might be triggered by HBoV induced cytokine expression.
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Institute for Pathology, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Soumaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalfaoui
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Institute for Pathology, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eichhorn
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karagiannidis
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bayh
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Institute for Pathology, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Institute for Pathology, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Windisch
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Institute for Pathology, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schildgen
authors.affiliation: Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, Institute for Pathology, D-51109 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schildgen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D060085:Coinfection; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology*; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines