title: Behavioral interventions for Cambodian female entertainment and sex workers who use amphetamine-type stimulants.
abstract: Conditional cash transfer (CCT) and cognitive-behavioral treatments are evidence-based approaches to reduce stimulant use and sexual risk taking. We describe the adaptation and implementation of sequential behavioral interventions for Cambodian female entertainment and sex workers (FESW) who use amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS): (1) a 12-week CCT intervention; and (2) a 4-week cognitive-behavioral aftercare (AC) group. An ongoing cluster randomized stepped wedge trial in 10 Cambodian provinces is enrolling FESW with confirmed recent ATS use to examine the effectiveness of CCT + AC. In the first six provinces, 138 of the 183 eligible FESW (75 %) enrolled in CCT and completed a median of 25 (interquartile range 9-32) of the 36 urine screening visits. Of the 84 participants who were eligible for AC, 79 completed at least one session (94 %) and 57 completed three or more sessions (68 %). Culturally tailored behavioral interventions to reduce ATS use and optimize HIV prevention are feasible in resource-limited settings.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing, 2 Koret Way, N511 M, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. adam.carrico@ucsf.edu.|University of California, San Francisco Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, CA, USA. adam.carrico@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Carrico
authors.affiliation: Family Health International 360 (FHI 360), Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Ean
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nil
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Chhit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sophal
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco Global Health Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Family Health International 360 (FHI 360), Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Muth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokunny
authors.affiliation: National Authority for Combatting Drugs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Neak
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuthea
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Family Health International 360 (FHI 360), Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ngak
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D002160:Cambodia; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amphetamine-type stimulants; Cognitive-behavioral; Conditional cash transfer; Contingency management; HIV; Sex work