title: The efficacy of laser, ultrasound and self-adjustable file in removing smear layer debris from oval root canals following retreatment: A scanning electron microscopy study.
abstract: This study aims to compare the efficacy of different irrigation activation methods to remove smear layer and debris from oval-shaped root canals following retreatment. Ninety mandibular canines with oval-shaped root canals were selected. Retreatment was performed with R-Endo retreatment files. The samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15). Groups were assigned according to agitation technique: R-Endo with classic irrigation, with self-adjustable file, with passive ultrasonic irrigation, R-Endo + Er:YAG, R-Endo + PIPS and R-Endo + Nd:YAG. Compared with the classic irrigation (R-Endo + CI) group, all other groups were more successful in reducing smear layer and debris (P < 0.05). The least amount of residual smear layer and debris was detected in the Er:YAG laser group (P < 0.05). Additional use of different agitation methods contributes to removal of debris and smear layer following root canal filling removal with rotary instruments; however, none of the techniques tested render root canal walls completely free of smear layer or debris.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aliye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamalak
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cangül
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akçay
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Uzun
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019233:Retreatment; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D016369:Smear Layer
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants
keywords: Er:YAG laser; Nd:YAG laser; PIPS laser; SAF; retreatment; ultrasonic