title: Links between atherosclerotic and periodontal disease.
abstract: Periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent in the modern community. Both pathologies are chronic inflammatory disorders, which are influenced by multiple risk factors. In part, these factors such as age, smoking, and diabetes overlap between PD and CVD. Epidemiological studies suggest that PD is strongly associated with increased CVD risk. Biochemical and physiological analyses involving in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical studies provided evidence for the substantial impact of periodontal pathogens, their virulence factors, and bacterial endotoxins on all general pathogenic CVD mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, foam cell formation, lipid accumulation, vascular remodeling, and atherothrombosis. Interventional studies showed moderate beneficial effects of PD treatment on reducing systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, no interventional studies were performed to assess whether periodontal therapy can primarily prevent CVD. In summary, current data suggest for a strong contributory role of periodontal infection to CVD but cannot provide sufficient evidence for a role of PD as a cause for cardiovascular pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Dimitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chistiakov
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 143025, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Orekhov
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia. Electronic address: y.bobryshev@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yuri V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Bobryshev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E
keywords: Atherogenesis; Atherosclerosis; Gingipain; Inflammation; LPS; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis