title: Congenital heart defects in cats: A retrospective study of 162 cats (1996-2013).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence and distribution of congenital heart defects in cats presented at two referral centers in Sweden between 1996 and 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  162 client-owned cats with congenital heart defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case records of cats diagnosed with congenital heart disease were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of congenital heart disease was 0.2% of the total number of patient cats, and 8% of cats diagnosed with heart disease. A total of 182 heart defects were identified as 16 cats were diagnosed with more than one defect. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was most prevalent, found in 50% of cats, followed by tricuspid valve dysplasia (11%), pulmonic stenosis (10%), atrial septal defect (10%), aortic stenosis (9%), mitral valve dysplasia (9%), tetralogy of Fallot (5%), patent ductus arteriosus (3%), common atrioventricular canal (2%), and the following defects that each accounted for 0.6% of cats: double chamber right ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, endocardial fibroelastosis, dextroposition of the aorta, persistent right aortic arch, and pulmonary atresia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 0.2% of the total number of patient cats, and 8% of cats diagnosed with heart disease. Ventricular septal defect was the most common congenital heart defect in this study.
authors.affiliation: Albano Animal Hospital, Rinkebyvägen 21, 182 36 Danderyd, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: anna.tidholm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tidholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ljungvall
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Häggström
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höglund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cardiac; Feline; Malformation