title: Medicinal Cannabis: In Vitro Validation of Vaporizers for the Smoke-Free Inhalation of Cannabis.
abstract: Inhalation by vaporization is a promising application mode for cannabis in medicine. An in vitro validation of 5 commercial vaporizers was performed with THC-type and CBD-type cannabis. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to determine recoveries of total THC (THCtot) and total CBD (CBDtot) in the vapor. High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was used for the quantitation of acidic cannabinoids in the residue and to calculate decarboxylation efficiencies. Recoveries of THCtot and CBDtot in the vapor of 4 electrically-driven vaporizers were 58.4 and 51.4%, 66.8 and 56.1%, 82.7 and 70.0% and 54.6 and 56.7% for Volcano Medic®, Plenty Vaporizer®, Arizer Solo® and DaVinci Vaporizer®, respectively. Decarboxylation efficiency was excellent for THC (≥ 97.3%) and CBD (≥ 94.6%). The gas-powered Vape-or-Smoke™ showed recoveries of THCtot and CBDtot in the vapor of 55.9 and 45.9%, respectively, and a decarboxylation efficiency of ≥ 87.7 for both cannabinoids. However, combustion of cannabis was observed with this device. Temperature-controlled, electrically-driven vaporizers efficiently decarboxylate inactive acidic cannabinoids and reliably release their corresponding neutral, active cannabinoids. Thus, they offer a promising application mode for the safe and efficient administration of medicinal cannabis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Laboratory of Phytopharmacology, Bioanalytics and Pharmacokinetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.affiliation: Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Laboratory of Phytopharmacology, Bioanalytics and Pharmacokinetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Soydaner
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Laboratory of Phytopharmacology, Bioanalytics and Pharmacokinetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brenneisen
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D064086:Medical Marijuana / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers
chemical_list: D064086:Medical Marijuana