title: Insertion of Vertically Aligned Nanowires into Living Cells by Inkjet Printing of Cells.
abstract: Effective insertion of vertically aligned nanowires (NWs) into cells is critical for bioelectrical and biochemical devices, biological delivery systems, and photosynthetic bioenergy harvesting. However, accurate insertion of NWs into living cells using scalable processes has not yet been achieved. Here, NWs are inserted into living Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells (Chlamy cells) via inkjet printing of the Chlamy cells, representing a low-cost and large-scale method for inserting NWs into living cells. Jetting conditions and printable bioink composed of living Chlamy cells are optimized to achieve stable jetting and precise ink deposition of bioink for indentation of NWs into Chlamy cells. Fluorescence confocal microscopy is used to verify the viability of Chlamy cells after inkjet printing. Simple mechanical considerations of the cell membrane and droplet kinetics are developed to control the jetting force to allow penetration of the NWs into cells. The results suggest that inkjet printing is an effective, controllable tool for stable insertion of NWs into cells with economic and scale-related advantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Donggyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daehee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yulim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeonaug
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yongjae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunwoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pyun
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wonhyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jooho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000166:cytology*; D007281:Ink; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry*; D011327:Printing / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Chlamy cells; bio-inks; cell fixation; inkjet printing