title: Vocal Control: Is It Susceptible to the Negative Effects of Self-Regulatory Depletion?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-regulation (SR) relies on the capacity to modify behavior. This capacity may diminish with use and result in self-regulatory depletion (SRD), or the reduced ability to engage in future SR efforts. If the SRD effect applies to vocal behavior, it may hinder success during behavioral voice treatment. Thus, this proof-of-concept study sought to determine whether SRD affects vocal behavior change and if so, whether it can be repaired by an intervention meant to replete SR resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred four women without voice disorders were randomized into groups that performed either (1) a high-SR writing task followed by a high-SR voice task; (2) a low-SR writing task followed by a high-SR voice task; or (3) a high-SR writing task followed by a relaxation intervention and a high-SR voice task. The high-SR voice tasks in all groups involved suppression of the Lombard effect during reading and free speech.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The low-SR group suppressed the Lombard effect to a greater extent than the high-SR group and high-SR-plus-relaxation group on the free speech task. There were no significant group differences on the reading task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that SRD may present challenges to vocal behavior modification during free speech but not reading. Furthermore, relaxation did not significantly replete self-regulatory resources for vocal modification during free speech. Findings may highlight potential considerations for voice treatment and assessment and support the need for future research focusing on effective methods to test self-regulatory capacity and replete self-regulatory resources in voice patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Illinois State University, Normal, IL. Electronic address: lavinne@ilstu.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vinney
authors.affiliation: School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Mersbergen
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Nadine P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Lyn S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Turkstra
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D010699:Phonation; D011932:Reading; D000068356:Self-Control; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014833:Voice Quality; D014834:Voice Training; D014922:Wisconsin; D014956:Writing; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Lombard effect; Self-regulatory depletion; Self-regulatory repletion; Voice therapy