title: Comparison of emergence after deep extubation using desflurane or desflurane with remifentanil in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare recovery times and respiratory complications during emergence after deep extubation using either desflurane alone or a lower concentration of desflurane with remifentanil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62 patients between the ages of 20 and 60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II and who underwent low- to intermediate-risk surgery of 2- to 4-hour duration were enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly assigned either 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration desflurane (group D; n = 31) or 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane and 1.0 ng/mL effect-site concentration of remifentanil (group DR; n = 31).
  
  
  METHODS
  Recovery times, from the time of extubation to the time when the patients could breathe without assistance, were awake enough to maintain the airway independently, and exited the recovery room, as well as respiratory complications were compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery times were significantly reduced in the group DR (P < .001). The incidence of respiratory complications was also lower in group DR than in group D (48% vs 3.8%; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined use of remifentanil while lowering the concentration of desflurane improves recovery profiles during emergence after deep extubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Kyong
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: nbjhwa@naver.com.
authors.forename: Chong Wha
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geun Joo
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060666:Airway Extubation / Q000379:methods*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000077335:Desflurane; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D000077208:Remifentanil; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil
keywords: Anesthetics volatile; Complications; Desflurane; Recovery; Remifentanil; Tracheal extubation