title: Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and cocaine in a Brazilian coastal zone.
abstract: The present study determined environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals, cocaine, and the main human metabolite of cocaine in seawater sampled from a subtropical coastal zone (Santos, Brazil). The Santos Bay is located in a metropolitan region and receives over 7367m(3) of wastewater per day. Five sample points under strong influence of the submarine sewage outfall were chosen. Through quantitative analysis by LC-MS/MS, 33 compounds were investigated. Seven pharmaceuticals (atenolol, acetaminophen, caffeine, losartan, valsartan, diclofenac, and ibuprofen), an illicit drug (cocaine), and its main human metabolite (benzoylecgonine) were detected at least once in seawater sampled from Santos Bay at concentrations that ranged from ng·L(-1) to μg·L(-1). In light of the possibility of bioaccumulation and harmful effects, the high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and cocaine found in this marine subtropical ecosystem are of environmental concern.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Saldanha da Gama n.89, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: camilo.seabra@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Camilo D Seabra
authors.initials: CDS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Saldanha da Gama n.89, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Maranho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Pusceddu
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aldo R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa 95, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Saldanha da Gama n.89, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesar
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, PPG em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Cesário Mota 8, 11045-040 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Guimarães
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Cocaine; Marine environment; Pharmaceuticals; Submarine sewage outfall; Subtropical zone