title: Insulators and domains of gene expression.
abstract: The genomic organization into active and inactive chromatin domains imposes specific requirements for having domain boundaries to prohibit interference between the opposing activities of neighbouring domains. These boundaries provide an insulator function by binding architectural proteins that mediate long-range interactions. Among these, CTCF plays a prominent role in establishing chromatin loops (between pairs of CTCF binding sites) through recruiting cohesin. CTCF-mediated long-range interactions are integral for a multitude of topological features of interphase chromatin, such as the formation of topologically associated domains, domain insulation, enhancer blocking and even enhancer function.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D35392 Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: rainer.renkawitz@gen.bio.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renkawitz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartkuhn
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D038101:Insulator Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins; C000619697:CTCF protein, human