title: Patient outcomes of monotherapy with hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for stage T2 or T3 non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) is a treatment option for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are medically unable to tolerate surgery and who are not amenable to treatment with stereotactic body radiotherapy. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of 3D-CRT as a monotherapy in patients with localized stage T2 or T3 NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study consisted of 29 patients (20 males) aged 56-89 years (median, 76 years) with histologically confirmed NSCLC who underwent 3D-CRT between 2005 and 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of patient observation was 17.0 months (range, 1.0-64.0 months). Complete and partial responses occurred in 13.8 and 44.8 % of patients, respectively, and the overall response rate was 58.2 %. Meanwhile, the 1- and 3-year survival rates were 65.8 and 33.8 %, respectively. In T2 NSCLC, the median survival time (MST) was 12 months, and the 1- and 3-year survival rates were 62.4 and 21.4 %, respectively. In T3 NSCLC, the MST was 17 months, and the 1- and 3-year survival rates were 72.9 and 48.6 %, respectively. Severe toxicities (Common Terminology Criteria Grade 3) were not observed. The mean biologically effective dose required to improve local control exceeded 80 Gy (range, 67.2-96.0 Gy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support a role for 3D-CRT as a treatment option for patients who refuse or could not tolerate surgical therapy with early-stage NSCLC. Although this was a small, retrospective study, it may form the basis for future, larger controlled studies on 3D-CRT as a monotherapy for NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. sakaguchi.masakuni@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masakuni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. maebayashi.toshiya@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maebayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. aizawa.takuya@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. ishibashi.naoya@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. fukushima.shouko@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. abe.osamu27@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Sonodakai Radiation Oncology Clinic, 4-1-12, Takenotsuka, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 121-0813, Japan. saitots1951@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome