title: Postprandial Studies Uncover Differing Effects on HDL Particles of Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overt hypothyroidism (OH) is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction under fasting conditions. The balance of evidence suggests similar but less marked abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). There are few data regarding the metabolic and vascular effects of OH or SCH under postprandial conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in a teaching hospital. Subjects with OH (n = 21), SCH (n = 28), and controls (n = 44) matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were studied under fasting and postprandial conditions. Postprandial lipid metabolism with particular emphasis on intestinally derived lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol (HDL), and endothelial function were compared in subjects with OH and SCH who were matched for age, sex, and BMI. Apolipoprotein B48 (Apo B48), a measure of intestinally derived lipoprotein, was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HDL was subfractionated into HDL2 and HDL3 by rapid ultracentrifugation. Functional aspects of HDL were determined by monitoring the activities of cholesteryl-ester-transfer-protein (CETP) and lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT). Systemic and HDL-associated inflammation was assessed by measuring serum-amyloid-A (SAA) levels. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to hyperemia of the forearm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant between-group differences in LDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentration. Peak Apo B48 levels were greater in OH (p < 0.001) and SCH (p < 0.05) compared with control subjects. HDL area under the curve (AUC) was lower postprandially in SCH (p < 0.001) but not OH compared with control subjects. HDL2- and HDL3-associated CETP AUC was lower only in OH (p < 0.005) compared with controls. FMD was reduced in OH (p < 0.05) compared with SCH and controls postprandially.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postprandial lipoprotein and vascular abnormalities differ between OH and SCH. Although both are characterized by increased intestinally derived lipoprotein particles, HDL is reduced only in SCH. Maintained HDL in OH probably reflects reduced CETP activity, which was not observed in SCH. Postprandial endothelial dysfunction is abnormal only in OH, and this effect does not appear to reflect increased inflammation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland .
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland .
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Widdowson
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Regan
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Chemical Pathology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland .
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boran
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEneny
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland .
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gibney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D015415:Biomarkers; C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C032607:low density lipoprotein triglyceride