title: [Quantitative perfusion imaging in magnetic resonance imaging].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recognized for its superior tissue contrast while being non-invasive and free of ionizing radiation. Due to the development of new scanner hardware and fast imaging techniques during the last decades, access to tissue and organ functions became possible. One of these functional imaging techniques is perfusion imaging with which tissue perfusion and capillary permeability can be determined from dynamic imaging data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perfusion imaging by MRI can be performed by two approaches, arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. While the first method uses magnetically labelled water protons in arterial blood as an endogenous tracer, the latter involves the injection of a contrast agent, usually gadolinium (Gd), as a tracer for calculating hemodynamic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies have demonstrated the potential of perfusion MRI for diagnostics and also for therapy monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The utilization and application of perfusion MRI are still restricted to specialized centers, such as university hospitals. A broad application of the technique has not yet been implemented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MRI perfusion technique is a valuable tool that might come broadly available after implementation of standards on European and international levels. Such efforts are being promoted by the respective professional bodies.
authors.affiliation: Computerunterstützte Klinische Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland. frank.zoellner@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Zöllner
authors.affiliation: Computerunterstützte Klinische Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaa
authors.affiliation: Computerunterstützte Klinische Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riffel
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hausmann
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Arterial spin labeling; Capillary permeability; Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; Quantitative perfusion imaging; Tissue perfusion