title: Development and Evaluation of a Scored Sodium Questionnaire-Screening Form for Kidney Disease Patients.
abstract: To develop and evaluate a screening version of the validated Scored Sodium Questionnaire (SSQ).
  
  
  
  Development phase-a Scored Sodium Questionnaire-Screening Form (SSQ-SF) and scoring system were developed using data previously collected in 47 chronic kidney disease outpatients participating in the SSQ validation study; evaluation phase-conducted in 49 participants with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis and 16 nursing staff.
  
  
  
  A total of 49 outpatients (61% male) aged 63.1 ± 14.8 years attending a hemodialysis kidney clinic at a tertiary referral hospital in Australia. On separate occasions, participants completed the SSQ, the SSQ-SF, and a feasibility questionnaire. Nursing staff from the same clinic completed a feasibility questionnaire.
  
  
  
  Time and ease of completion; association and agreement between the SSQ and SSQ-SF scores; assessment of binary classifications for sodium consumption: sensitivity and specificity.
  
  
  
  Median time to complete the SSQ-SF was 4 minutes versus 10 minutes for the SSQ (P < .01); 93% of participants and nursing staff agreed that the SSQ-SF was easy to complete. There was strong and significant association between total SSQ and SSQ-SF scores (r = 0.777, P ≤ .01), with strong agreement between individual scores and no fixed bias. Compared with the SSQ, the SSQ-SF score cut-point of ≥50 successfully classified 23 of 27 participants as high sodium consumers: sensitivity 85% and specificity 68%.
  
  
  
  The SSQ-SF is quick and feasible to implement in the clinical setting and may be a useful first step for screening the sodium intakes of kidney disease patients for referral into the nutrition care process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nutrition and Dietetics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: lynda.ross@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Shu Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Healy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary