title: Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities and Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Profiles of Wild-Harvested and Cultivated Edible Canadian Marine Red Macroalgae.
abstract: Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) profiles of methanol extracts from edible wild-harvested (Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus, Palmaria palmata) and cultivated (C. crispus) marine red macroalgae were studied herein. Palythine, asterina-330, shinorine, palythinol, porphyra-334 and usujirene MAAs were identified in the macroalgal extracts by LC/MS/MS. Extract reducing activity rankings were (p < 0.001): wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus = wild M. stellatus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus; whereas oxygen radical absorbance capacities were (p < 0.001): wild M. stellatus > wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus. Extracts were antiproliferative against HeLa and U-937 cells (p < 0.001) from 0.125-4 mg/mL, 24 h. Wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts increased (p < 0.001) HeLa caspase-3/7 activities and the proportion of cells arrested at Sub G₁ (apoptotic) compared to wild-harvested C. crispus and M. stellatus extracts. HeLa cells incubated with wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts also exhibited morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis (shrinkage, rounding). Thus, extracts rich in low-polarity usujirene and polar palythine and asterina-330 MAAs were antiproliferative as inducers of apoptosis in HeLa cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. yasantha7@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yasantha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Athukorala
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. susan.trang1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trang
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. wckwok@ryerson.ca.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. yyuan@ryerson.ca.
authors.forename: Yvonne V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7
keywords: Chondrus crispus; HeLa cells; Mastocarpus stellatus; Palmaria palmata; U-937 cells; antioxidant activity; antiproliferative activity; apoptosis; caspase 3/7; mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)