title: Genotoxicity assessment of membrane concentrates of landfill leachate treated with Fenton reagent and UV-Fenton reagent using human hepatoma cell line.
abstract: Membrane concentrates of landfill leachates contain organic and inorganic contaminants that could be highly toxic and carcinogenic. In this paper, the genotoxicity of membrane concentrates before and after Fenton and UV-Fenton reagent was assessed. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity was determined by using the methods of methyltetrazolium (MTT), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and comet assay in human hepatoma cells. MTT assay showed a cytotoxicity of 75% after 24h of exposure to the highest tested concentration of untreated concentrates, and no cytotoxocity for UV-Fenton and Fenton treated concentrates. Both CBMN and comet assays showed increased levels of genotoxicity in cells exposed to untreated concentrates, compared to those occurred in cells exposed to UV-Fenton and Fenton reagent treated concentrates. There was no significant difference between negative control and UV-Fenton treated concentrates for micronucleus and comet assay parameters. UV-Fenton and Fenton treatment, especially the former, were effective methods for degradation of bisphenol A and nonylphenol in concentrates. These findings showed UV-Fenton and Fenton reaction were effective methods for treatment of such complex concentrates, UV-Fenton reagent provided toxicological safety of the treated effluent, and the genotoxicity assays were found to be feasible tools for assessment of toxicity risks of complex concentrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Analysis and Test, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: tyinph@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Pinghe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhaoling@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Qiming Jimmy
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D018508:Water Purification; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045076:Fenton's reagent; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Advanced oxidation treatment; Comet assay; Genotoxicity assessment; Membrane concentrates of landfill leachate; Micronucleus test