title: Prognostic Impacts of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure　- A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is involved in the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We have previously reported that the prevalence of MetS is more than 2-fold greater in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) than in the general population in Japan. However, the prognostic impact of MetS in CHF patients remains to be elucidated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present nationwide, large-scale clinical study in Japan, we enrolled 4,762 patients with Stage C/D CHF. The prevalence of MetS by the definition of the Japanese Committee for the Diagnostic Criteria in 2005 was 41.3% (50.6% in males, 21.5% in females). MetS was characterized by higher prevalence of males, obesity and lifestyle-related comorbidities, including glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that MetS was associated with increased incidence of the composite of all-cause death and atherosclerotic events in males (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.54, P=0.011) but not in females (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.87-1.75, P=0.241). Among the components of MetS, over waist circumference and glucose intolerance were significantly associated with increased incidence of the composite endpoint (HR 1.23, P=0.038, and HR 1.29, P<0.001, respectively) in males but not in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that MetS only has a negative prognostic impact in male CHF patients. (Circ J 2016; 80: 677-688).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tadaki
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadokami
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daida
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies