title: Reduced Blood Coagulation on Roll-to-Roll, Shrink-Induced Superhydrophobic Plastics.
abstract: The unique antiwetting properties of superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces prevent the adhesion of water and bodily fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva. While typical manufacturable approaches to create SH surfaces rely on chemical and structural modifications, such approaches are expensive, require postprocessing, and are often not biocompatible. By contrast, it is demonstrated that purely structural SH features are easily formed using high throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing by shrinking a prestressed thermoplastic with a thin, stiff layer of silver and calcium. These features are subsequently embossed into any commercially available and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved plastic. The R2R SH surfaces have contact angles >150° and contact angle hysteresis <10°. Importantly, the surfaces minimize blood adhesion, leading to reduced blood coagulation without the need for anticoagulants. SH surfaces have >4200× reduction of blood residue area compared to the nonstructured controls of the same material. In addition, blood clotting is reduced >5× using whole blood directly from the patient. Furthermore, these surfaces can be easily configured into 3D shapes, as demonstrated with SH tubes. With the simple scale-up production and the eliminated need for anticoagulants to prevent clotting, the proposed conformable SH surfaces can be impactful for a wide range of medical tools, including catheters and microfluidic channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3111 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Jolie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nokes
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1 Kaitovayla, Oulu, 90570, Finland.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liedert
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3111 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Monica Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3111 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3111 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3111 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3111 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khine
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010969:Plastics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics
keywords: anticoagulation; biomaterial; blood clotting; roll-to-roll manufacturing; superhydrophobic