title: Parasitism and Suitability of Fertilized and Nonfertilized Eggs of the Rice Striped Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), for Trichogramma Parasitoids.
abstract: Trichogramma spp. are egg parasitoids largely used worldwide for biological control of lepidopteran pests. Host quality (related to host size and age, host species, etc.) can influence parasitism preference and fitness of the parasitoid offspring. However, few studies have documented the performance of Trichogramma parasitoids when they parasitize nonfertilized eggs of their lepidopteran hosts. In the present study, we investigated the performance of three indigenous Trichogramma species ( Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) on fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of their native host, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The results showed that the three Trichogramma species tested could recognize fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of C. suppressalis . The different fertilization status eggs of C. suppressalis were all accepted by T. japonicum , T. chilonis , and T. dendrolimi with a clear tendency that they preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs whether under no-choice or choice conditions. All Trichogramma species successfully completed development in parasitized eggs of C. suppressalis regardless if the host eggs were fertilized or not. There was similar adult emergence rate, development time, and female progeny between fertilized and nonfertilized eggs for all Trichogramma species with an exception of development for T. chilonis . Trichogramma chilonis had shorter developmental time in fertilized eggs than in nonfertilized ones. Whether in fertilized or nonfertilized eggs, T. dendrolimi had longer development time than other two Trichogramma species. However, T. dendrolimi had the largest percentage of female progeny on fertilized eggs, followed by T. japonicum , and T. chilonis had the least percentage of female progeny. The present study indicates that Trichogramma parasitoids (i) can distinguish fertilized vs. nonfertilized host eggs, and (ii) could use nonfertilized host eggs for successful offspring development (despite showing lower preference for such eggs) [corrected].
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China (1109776045@qq.com; 1138046810@qq.com; 912593911@qq.com; bio-control@126.com; lsz0415@163.com), lsz0415@163.com.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China (1109776045@qq.com; 1138046810@qq.com; 912593911@qq.com; bio-control@126.com; lsz0415@163.com), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institute Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France (1138046810@qq.com; nicolas.desneux@sophia.inra.fr), and.
authors.forename: Yu-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Technical Center of Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, China (mkunwu@163.com).
authors.forename: Zhi-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China (1109776045@qq.com; 1138046810@qq.com; 912593911@qq.com; bio-control@126.com; lsz0415@163.com).
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China (1109776045@qq.com; 1138046810@qq.com; 912593911@qq.com; bio-control@126.com; lsz0415@163.com).
authors.forename: Chang-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institute Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France (1138046810@qq.com; nicolas.desneux@sophia.inra.fr), and.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desneux
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China (1109776045@qq.com; 1138046810@qq.com; 912593911@qq.com; bio-control@126.com; lsz0415@163.com), lsz0415@163.com.
authors.forename: Lian-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005306:Fertilization; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013045:Species Specificity; D014863:Wasps / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Chilo suppressalis; Trichogramma; host selection; host suitability; nonfertilized host egg