title: Proanthocyanidins in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Berries of Different Origins with Special Reference to the Influence of Genetic Background and Growth Location.
abstract: Wild sea buckthorn berries from Finland (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) and China (ssp. sinensis) as well as berries of two varieties of ssp. rhamnoides cultivated in Finland and five of ssp. mongolica cultivated in Canada were compared on the basis of the content and composition of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Among all of the samples, only B-type PAs were found. The contents of dimeric, trimeric, tetrameric, and total PAs were in the range of 1.4-8.9, 1.3-9.5, 1.0-7.1, and 390-1940 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively. The three subspecies were separated by three validated factors (R(2), 0.724; Q(2), 0.677) in the partial least squares discriminant analysis model. Significant differences in total PAs were found between the ssp. rhamnoides and mongolica samples (p < 0.05). In ssp. rhamnoides, samples grown in northern Finland were characterized by a high amount of total PAs, typically 2-3 times higher than that in the level found in southern Finland. In ssp. sinensis, altitude did not have a systematic effect on the PA composition, suggesting the significance of the interaction between genetic background and growth location.
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, and ‡Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, and ‡Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, and ‡Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kallio
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, and ‡Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Baoru
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002681:China; D005387:Finland; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000068617:Genetic Background; D031281:Hippophae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins
keywords: HILIC; Hippophaë rhamnoides; latitude; proanthocyanidins; sea buckthorn; subspecies; varieties