title: Enhanced bioactivity of glass ionomer cement by incorporating calcium silicates.
abstract: Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are known as a non-bioactive dental cement. During setting the GIC have an acidic pH, driven by the acrylic acid component. It is a challenge to make GIC alkaline without disturbing its mechanical properties. One strategy was to add slowly reacting systems with an alkaline pH. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of forming a bioactive dental material based on the combination of glass ionomer cement and calcium silicates. Two types of GIC were used as control. Wollastonite (CS also denoted β-CaSiO3) or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was incorporated into the 2 types of GIC. The material formulations' setting time, compressive strength, pH and bioactivity were compared between modified GIC and GIC control. Apatite crystals were found on the surfaces of the modified cements but not on the control GIC. The compressive strength of the cement remained with the addition of 20% calcium silicate or 20% MTA after one day immersion. In addition, the compressive strength of GIC modified with 20% MTA had been increased during the 14 d immersion (p < 0 .05).
authors.affiliation: a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Yixiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engqvist
authors.affiliation: a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: bioactivity; calcium silicate; dental cement; glass ionomer cement; mineral trioxide aggregate