title: Multiple calibrator measurements improve accuracy and stability estimates of automated assays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of combining multiple calibrations on assay accuracy (bias) and measurement of calibration stability were investigated for total triiodothyronine (TT3), vitamin B12 and luteinizing hormone (LH) using Beckman Coulter's Access 2 analyzer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three calibration procedures (CC1, CC2 and CC3) combined 12, 34 and 56 calibrator measurements over 1, 2, and 3 days. Bias was calculated between target values and average measured value over 3 consecutive days after calibration. Using regression analysis of calibrator measurements versus measurement date, calibration stability was determined as the maximum number of days before a calibrator measurement exceeded 5% tolerance limits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Competitive assays (TT3, vitamin B12) had positive time regression slopes, while sandwich assay (LH) had a negative slope. Bias values for TT3 were -2.49%, 1.49%, and -0.50% using CC1, CC2 and CC3 respectively, with calibrator stability of 32, 20, and 30 days. Bias values for vitamin B12 were 2.44%, 0.91%, and -0.50%, with calibrator stability of 4, 9, and 12 days. Bias values for LH were 2.26%, 1.44% and -0.29% with calibrator stability of >43, 39 and 36 days. Measured stability was more consistent across calibration procedures using percent change rather than difference from target: 26 days for TT3, 12 days for B12 and 31 days for LH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Averaging over multiple calibrations produced smaller bias, consistent with improved accuracy. Time regression slopes in percent change were unaffected by number of calibration measurements but calibrator stability measured from the target value was highly affected by the calibrator value at time zero.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA ;
authors.forename: Neval
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akbas
authors.affiliation: b Beckman Coulter , Chaska , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Budd
authors.affiliation: a Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA ;
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Klee
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000032:analysis*; D058996:Quality Improvement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000032:analysis*; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Calibration; accuracy; bias; immunoassay; stability