title: Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water Has Additive Effects on Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment of Improving Periodontitis: A Pilot Study.
abstract: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A reduction of oxidative stress by drinking hydrogen-rich water (HW) might be beneficial to periodontal health. In this pilot study, we compared the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment with or without drinking HW on periodontitis. Thirteen patients (3 women, 10 men) with periodontitis were divided into two groups: The control group (n = 6) or the HW group (n = 7). In the HW group, participants consumed HW 4-5 times/day for eight weeks. At two to four weeks, all participants received non-surgical periodontal treatment. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, two, four and eight weeks, and serum was obtained at these time points to evaluate oxidative stress. At baseline, there were no significant differences in periodontal status between the control and HW groups. The HW group showed greater improvements in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level than the control group at two, four and eight weeks (p < 0.05). The HW group also exhibited an increased serum level of total antioxidant capacity at four weeks, compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Drinking HW enhanced the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment, thus improving periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. tetsuji@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. de18053@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. dekuni7@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. de18019@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. de18017@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. de18017@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasuyama
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. t-maru@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. tomofu@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. mmorita@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
keywords: drinking water; hydrogen; oxidative stress; periodontitis