title: Effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. In experiment 1, nine lactating cows were grazed in the morning and evening sessions (2.5 h each). The cows were allocated to treatments of three concentrate allotment levels before the evening grazing session by altering proportions to daily total offered; 25%, 50% and 75%. Daily herbage dry matter intake quadratically decreased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels (P < 0.05). Nitrogen utilization was similar among treatments. To investigate diurnal changes in rumen fermentation, a second experiment was conducted where six ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows grazed in the morning and evening sessions (3 h each) were subjected to the same treatments as experiment 1. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen linearly increased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels throughout the pre-evening grazing session to the post-morning grazing session (P < 0.01). The results indicate that dairy cows reduce daily herbage intake but do not alter nitrogen utilization with increasing concentrate allotment before evening grazing. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan. ueko@anim.agr.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D060434:Herbivory / Q000502:physiology*; D008129:Lolium; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: concentrate; dairy cows; grazing; herbage intake; nitrogen utilization