title: Ischemia-modified albumin, brain natriuretic peptide, and growth differentiation factor-15 levels in patients with nasal polyps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasal polyps (NP) are a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa; their etiology is suspected to involve oxidative stress. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) are biomarkers used especially in the early diagnosis and follow-up of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to assess levels of serum GDF-15, BNP, and IMA in patients with NP and to compare them with those of healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study enrolling 41 patients with NP and 48 healthy controls, all aged 18-65 years and referred to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, between January 2014 and February 2015. After a 12-h fast, venous blood (3mL) was drawn and centrifuged (3000rpm, 10min) to collect serum. Blood samples were drawn before endoscopic sinus surgery in the NP group. Serum GDF-15, BNP, and IMA levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GDF-15, BNP, and IMA levels of patients with NP were statistically significantly higher than in controls and GDF-15 values were higher than the normal upper limit. GDF-15, BNP, and IMA levels were significantly correlated in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As GDF-15 is a marker of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, our finding of increased serum GDF-15 in patients with NP supports the hypothesis that its pathogenesis involves chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Bozok University School of Medicine, Ear Nose & Throat Department, Yozgat, Turkey. Electronic address: kamransari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Bozok University School of Medicine, Ear Nose & Throat Department, Yozgat, Turkey. Electronic address: drzeliha19@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zeliha Kapusuz
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Gencer
authors.affiliation: Bozok University School of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Yozgat, Turkey. Electronic address: huseyinede@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ede
authors.affiliation: Bozok University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Yozgat, Turkey. Electronic address: yesimgocmen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ayse Yesim
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Gocmen
authors.affiliation: Bozok University School of Medicine, Ear Nose & Throat Department, Yozgat, Turkey. Electronic address: ykantekin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kantekin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000097:blood*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D012709:Serum Albumin; C561522:ischemia-modified albumin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
keywords: Brain natriuretic peptide; Chronic inflammation; Growth differentiation factor-15; Ischemia modified albumin; Nasal polyp; Oxidative stress