title: The Complex Relationship between Metals and Carbonic Anhydrase: New Insights and Perspectives.
abstract: Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme, which catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO₂ to HCO₃(-) and H⁺. Metals play a key role in the bioactivity of this metalloenzyme, although their relationships with CA have not been completely clarified to date. The aim of this review is to explore the complexity and multi-aspect nature of these relationships, since metals can be cofactors of CA, but also inhibitors of CA activity and modulators of CA expression. Moreover, this work analyzes new insights and perspectives that allow translating new advances in basic science on the interaction between CA and metals to applications in several fields of research, ranging from biotechnology to environmental sciences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. giulia.lionetto@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Maria Giulia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lionetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. roberto.caricato@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caricato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. elena.giordano@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. trifone.schettino@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Trifone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schettino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001681:Biological Assay; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D007527:Isoenzymes; D002104:Cadmium; D007501:Iron; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D015032:Zinc
keywords: bioassay; biomarker; carbonic anhydrase; expression; inhibition; metals