title: Stress fracture of the scaphoid in an elite junior tennis player: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The carpal scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in young adults after a fall on an outstretched arm that results in acute dorsal flexion of the wrist. However, stress fractures of the scaphoid are relatively rare. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first case in the literature of carpal scaphoid stress fracture in a tennis player.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 18-year-old Japanese man who was an elite junior tennis player was referred to our hospital after radiography and computed tomography revealed a carpal scaphoid fracture. The patient presented with pain in the wrist joint and tenderness over the anatomical snuff-box with diffuse swelling and reduced active dorsal flexion and flexion of the right wrist. The patient was treated conservatively and resumed participation in competitive events 5 months after his initial presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case, the scaphoid stress fracture had resulted from repetitive practicing of the attacking backhand high volley, which involved excessive dorsal flexion of the wrist. Although rare, scaphoid stress fractures must be considered in tennis players with chronic wrist pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan. sho_kohyama_1025@yahoo.co.jp.|Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kikkoman General Hospital, 100 Miyazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0005, Japan. sho_kohyama_1025@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan. kanamori@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kikkoman General Hospital, 100 Miyazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0005, Japan. tanaka1041@msn.com.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan. yukihara@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan. masashiy@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D001915:Braces; D037001:Directive Counseling; D017102:Fracture Healing; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D000068958:Return to Sport; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000293:injuries*; D013715:Tennis; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014955:Wrist Joint