title: Post-Translational Modifications of Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease: Not Lost in Translation.
abstract: Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in regulating cellular biology by playing key roles in processes such as the rapid on and off switching of signaling network and the regulation of enzymatic activities without affecting gene expressions. PTMs lead to conformational changes in the tertiary structure of protein and resultant regulation of protein function such as activation, inhibition, or signaling roles. PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and S-nitrosylation of specific sites in proteins have key roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the progression to heart failure. Despite the extensive study of PTMs in mitochondrial proteins much remains unclear. Further research is yet to be undertaken to elucidate how changes in the proteins may lead to cardiovascular and metabolic disease progression in particular. We aimed to summarize the various types of PTMs that occur in mitochondrial proteins, which might be associated with heart failure. This study will increase the understanding of cardiovascular diseases through PTM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jubert
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Ryul
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Nari
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Heart failure; Mitochondria; Post-translational modifications