title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal responses to abiotic stresses: A review.
abstract: The majority of plants live in close collaboration with a diversity of soil organisms among which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an essential role. Mycorrhizal symbioses contribute to plant growth and plant protection against various environmental stresses. Whereas the resistance mechanisms induced in mycorrhizal plants after exposure to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and pollution, are well documented, the knowledge about the stress tolerance mechanisms implemented by the AMF themselves is limited. This review provides an overview of the impacts of various abiotic stresses (pollution, salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, CO2, calcareous, acidity) on biodiversity, abundance and development of AMF and examines the morphological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms implemented by AMF to survive in the presence of these stresses.
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lenoir
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France. Electronic address: lounes@univ-littoral.fr.
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D055864:Droughts; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants; D054712:Salinity; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013559:Symbiosis
keywords: Abiotic stresses; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Tolerance mechanisms