title: Association of Cervical Microglandular Hyperplasia With Exogenous Progestin Exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although microglandular hyperplasia is a benign endocervical lesion, it may raise concern of malignancy in an inexperienced pathologist, because clinicians may not be familiar with it on a report. It has been reported to occur in association with progestational stimulation, but this has not been well studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate this potential association.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational case control study of patients seen from January 01, 1991 to November 01, 2014 at the University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey. Cases of microglandular hyperplasia and controls were identified from the files of the Department of Pathology. Controls were cases of endocervical curettages for whom no microglandular hyperplasia was detected. Medical records were reviewed for evidence of exogenous progestin exposure within the previous 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine cases of microglandular hyperplasia and 97 controls were identified. Of the cases of microglandular hyperplasia, 26 (29.2%) of 89 cases had exposure to progestational medication, significantly greater than that of controls (10/97, 10.3%; p = .0014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that a significantly higher percentage of women with microglandular hyperplasia had progestin exposure than women who do not exhibit this benign lesion. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this association, as well as the benign nature of the lesion.
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and 2Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Debra S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Laura T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009515:New Jersey; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D011372:Progestins