title: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Rapid Secondary-Metabolite Profiling of Marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. M2.
abstract: The ocean is a rich resource of flora, fauna, and food. A wild-type bacterial strain showing confluent growth on marine agar with antibacterial activity was isolated from marine water, identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Pseudoalteromonas sp., and designated as strain M2. This strain was found to produce various secondary metabolites including quinolone alkaloids. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, we identified nine secondary metabolites of 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline (pseudane-III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI). Additionally, this strain produced two novel, closely related compounds, 2-isopentylqunoline-4-one and 2-(2,3-dimetylbutyl)qunoline-4-(1H)-one, which have not been previously reported from marine bacteria. From the metabolites produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. M2, 2-(2,3-dimethylbutyl)quinolin-4-one, pseudane-VI, and pseudane-VII inhibited melanin synthesis in Melan-A cells by 23.0%, 28.2%, and 42.7%, respectively, wherein pseudane-VII showed the highest inhibition at 8 µg/mL. The results of this study suggest that liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS-based metabolite screening effectively improves the efficiency of novel metabolite discovery. Additionally, these compounds are promising candidates for further bioactivity development.
authors.affiliation: Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea. wj0504@gstep.re.kr.
authors.forename: Woo Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Korea. yobest12@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Young Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 42158, Korea. jinheekim@dhu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Korea. nambohye@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Bo-Hye
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Korea. combikola@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Gyun
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Korea. ancm@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Cheul Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea. junsiklee@chosun.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jun Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea. pan@gstep.re.kr.
authors.forename: Pan Soo
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea. hmlee@gstep.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea. jsoh@gstep.re.kr.
authors.forename: Joa-Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea. jslee@gstep.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006801:Humans; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas; D012623:Seawater; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Pseudoalteromonas; marine microbes; mass spectrometry; quinolone alkaloid; secondary metabolite