title: Effect of Vitamins C and E on Endothelial Function in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial dysfunction due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage is an important predictor of future cardiovascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is present in adolescent T1DM. We hypothesized that combined treatment with the antioxidant vitamins C and E might improve endothelial function (EF) and other biochemical risk factors in adolescents with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-label antioxidant supplementation was given for six weeks with endpoint measurements collected at baseline and study completion. Endpoints measured included EF and plasma measurements of biochemical endothelial risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two males and 7 females were studied. Mean age was 12.9 ± 0.9 yrs; mean T1DM duration was 5.5 ± 2.5 yrs; mean BMI was 22.1 ± 3.8 kg/m(2); and mean hemoglobin A1c was 9.3 ± 1.1%. No differences were found for EF, high sensitivity CRP, total antioxidant capacity, adiponectin, or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) between before and after combined vitamin C and E therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our negative study results do not support previous findings of decreased oxidative damage, improved endothelial function, and increased vascular repair capacity with antioxidant therapy. Longer term studies may be needed to determine the effects, if any, of combined antioxidant therapy on EPCs, EF, and markers of micro- and macrovascular complications in T1DM.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Clinical Research Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel-Marie
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cazeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Clinical Research Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid