title: Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted from Egyptian Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Hydro-Distillation and Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction.
abstract: Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and conventional hydro-distillation (HD) were used for the extraction of essential oils (EOs) from Egyptian sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. The two resulting EOs were compared with regards to their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The EO analyzed by GC and GC-MS, presented 65 compounds constituting 99.3% and 99.0% of the total oils obtained by SFME and HD, respectively. The main components of both oils were linalool (43.5% SFME; 48.4% HD), followed by methyl chavicol (13.3% SFME; 14.3% HD) and 1,8-cineole (6.8% SFME; 7.3% HD). Their antioxidant activity were studied with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) radical scavenging method. The heating conditions effect was evaluated by the determination of the Total Polar Materials (TPM) content. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against five microorganisms: two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one yeast, Candida albicans. Both EOs showed high antimicrobial, but weak antioxidant, activities. The results indicated that the SFME method may be a better alternative for the extraction of EO from O. basilicum since it could be considered as providing a richer source of natural antioxidants, as well as strong antimicrobial agents for food preservation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Fine, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, B.P. 1524, El M'Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria. chenni.mohamed@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chenni
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Fine, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, B.P. 1524, El M'Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria. douniazed2000@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Douniazad
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El Abed
authors.affiliation: GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR 408, Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, Avignon 84000, France. njara.rakotomanomana@univ-avignon.fr.
authors.forename: Njara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rakotomanomana
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis/CNRS, Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France. xavier.fernandez@unice.fr.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR 408, Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, Avignon 84000, France. farid.chemat@univ-avignon.fr.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chemat
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D057168:Distillation / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007700:Kinetics; D008872:Microwaves; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents
keywords: DDPH assay; GC/MS; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; basil (Ocimum basilicum L.); chemical composition; essential oil; hydro-distillation; microwave