title: IL-1β-regulating angiogenic factors expression in perforated temporomandibular disk cells via NF-κB pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high density of blood vessels is observed in the perforated disks of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to explore the regulation of disk angiogenesis in the perforated disks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenin-1 (Ang-1), chondromodulin-1 (ChM-1), and thrombospondins-1 (TSP-1) were compared between healthy and perforated TMJ disk cells with or without interleukin-1β (IL-1β) incubation. The tube formation, cell migration, and expressions of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUV-EC-C) were investigated in conditional media of disk cells. Western blot was performed to determine protein level of VEGF, Ang-1, ChM-1 and TSP-1 in IL-1β-induced disk cells cultured by NF-κB- or P38-specific pathway inhibitors, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conditional media from perforated disk cells induced more tube formation, cell migration, and MMPs' expression in HUV-EC-C. Expressions of VEGF and Ang-1 were significantly higher, and ChM-1 and TSP-1 were lower in perforated disks compared to healthy disks. The VEGFA concentration was 291.1 ± 36.09 pg/ml in perforated disk cell conditioned media, markedly larger than that in NDCCM (144.9 ± 33.69 pg/ml). IL-1β induced VEGF through NF-κB signaling pathway and Ang-1 through p38 MAPK pathway, while repressed expression of ChM-1 and TSP-1 was through NF-κB pathway. Blockade of each pathway markedly restrained inducing effect of cultural media on HUV-EC-C tube formation and migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perforated disk cells secreted more angiogenic factors which might induced via NF-κB pathway.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hengxing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Qinggong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: NF-κB; angiogenesis; disk degeneration; interleukin-1β; temporomandibular joint disorders