title: Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ developed for adults in Nanjing, China.
abstract: We evaluated the reproducibility and validity of an FFQ used in a Chinese community-based nutrition and health survey. A total of ninety-nine males and 104 females aged 31-80 years completed four three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR, served as a reference method, one three consecutive 24-HDR for each season) and two FFQ (FFQ1 and FFQ2) over a 1-year interval. The reproducibility of the FFQ was estimated with correlation coefficients, misclassification and weighted κ statistic. The validity was evaluated by comparing the data obtained from FFQ2 with the mean 24-HDR (m24-HDR). Compared with the m24-HDR, the FFQ tended to underestimate intake of most nutrients and food groups. For all nutrients and food groups, the Spearman's and intra-class correlation coefficients between FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from 0·66 to 0·88 and from 0·65 to 0·87, respectively. Most correlation coefficients decreased after adjusting for energy. More than 90% of the subjects were classified into the same or adjacent categories by both FFQ. For all nutrients and food groups, the crude, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated Spearman's correlation coefficients between FFQ2 and the m24-HDR ranged from 0·21 to 0·69, 0·19 to 0·58 and 0·25 to 0·71, respectively. More than 70% of the subjects were classified into the same and adjacent categories by both instruments. Both weighted κ statistic and the Bland-Altman plots showed reasonably acceptable agreement between the FFQ2 and the m24-HDR. The FFQ developed for adults in the Nanjing area can be used to reliably and validly measure usual intake of major nutrients and food groups.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huafeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xupeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hairong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenchen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Qinhuai District Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Baiguoshu,Nanjing 210029,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yichao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Liuhe District Center for Disease Control & Prevention,East Huancheng Road of Xiongzhou,Nanjing 211500,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liuyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention,2, Zizhulin,Nanjing 211166,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: 24-HDR 24-h dietary recalls; China; FFQ; LOA limits of agreement; Reproducibility; Validity; m24-HDR mean 24-HDR