title: A cluster-analytical approach toward real-world outcome in outpatients with stable schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to empirically identify profiles of functioning, and the correlates of those profiles in a sample of patients with stable schizophrenia in a real-world setting. The second aim was to assess factors associated with best profile membership.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and twenty-three outpatients were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A two-step cluster analysis was used to define groups of patients by using baseline values for the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QLS) total score. Logistic regression was used to construct models of class membership.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study identified three distinct clusters: 50.4% of patients were classified in the "moderate" cluster, 27.9% in the "poor" cluster, 21.7% in the "good" cluster. Membership in the "good" cluster versus the "poor" cluster was characterized by less severe negative (OR=.832) and depressive symptoms (OR=.848), being employed (OR=2.414), having a long-term relationship (OR=.256), and treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) (OR=3.831). Nagelkerke R(2) for this model was .777.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding which factors are associated with better outcomes may direct specific and additional therapeutic interventions, such as treatment with SGAs and supported employment, in order to enhance benefits for patients, as well as to improve the delivery of care in the community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Struttura Semplice di Coordinamento a Valenza Dipartimentale (SSCVD), Department of Mental Health ASL TO1-A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy. Electronic address: paola.rocca@unito.it.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Struttura Semplice di Coordinamento a Valenza Dipartimentale (SSCVD), Department of Mental Health ASL TO1-A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montemagni
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Struttura Semplice di Coordinamento a Valenza Dipartimentale (SSCVD), Department of Mental Health ASL TO1-A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mingrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Struttura Semplice di Coordinamento a Valenza Dipartimentale (SSCVD), Department of Mental Health ASL TO1-A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crivelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Struttura Semplice di Coordinamento a Valenza Dipartimentale (SSCVD), Department of Mental Health ASL TO1-A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sigaudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Struttura Semplice di Coordinamento a Valenza Dipartimentale (SSCVD), Department of Mental Health ASL TO1-A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogetto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016832:Employment, Supported / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Cluster analysis; Milestones; Quality of life; Real-world outcome; Schizophrenia