title: Circulating CD36+ microparticles are not altered by docosahexaenoic or eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating microparticles (MP) are the source of a plasma derived form of the scavenger receptor CD36, termed soluble (s)CD36, the levels of which correlate with markers of atherosclerosis and risk of cardiovascular disease. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have cardioprotective effects that we have previously reported to be gender specific. The aim of this study was to determine if dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation affect circulating CD36 + MP levels, and if this occurs differentially in healthy men and women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (43M, 51F) aged 39.6 ± 1.7 years received 4 weeks of daily supplementation with DHA rich (200 mg EPA; 1000 mg DHA), EPA rich (1000 mg EPA; 200 mg DHA), or placebo (sunola) oil in a double-blinded, randomised, placebo controlled trial. Plasma CD36 + MP were enumerated by flow cytometry and differences between genders and treatments were evaluated by Student's or paired t-test and one way ANOVA. Males and females had similar levels of CD36 + MP at baseline (mean = 1018 ± 325 vs 980 ± 318; p = 0.577) and these were not significantly changed after DHA (M, p = 0.571; F, p = 0.444) or EPA (M, p = 0.361; F, p = 0.901) supplementation. Likewise, the overall percent change in these levels were not different between supplemented cohorts compared to placebo when all participants were combined (% change in CD36 + MP: DHA = 5.7 ± 37.5, EPA = -3.4 ± 35.4, placebo = -11.5 ± 32.9; p = 0.158) or stratified by gender (M, DHA = -2.6 ± 30.6, EPA = -15.1 ± 20.1, placebo = -21.4 ± 28.7, p = 0.187; F, DHA = 11.7 ± 41.5, EPA = 6.8 ± 42.9, placebo = -2.8 ± 34.7, p = 0.552).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cardioprotective effects of DHA and EPA do not act through a CD36 + MP mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alkhatatbeh
authors.affiliation: Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Hunter Haematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia. Electronic address: lisa.lincz@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lincz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D005395:Fish Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: CD36; Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Microparticles; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Scavenger receptor