title: Synthesis of Fe-doped Bi2O3nanocatalyst and its sonophotocatalytic activity on synthetic dye and real textile wastewater.
abstract: The catalysts such as Fe, Bi2O3, and Fe-doped Bi2O3were synthesized for the sonophotocatalytic treatment of synthetic dye and real textile wastewater. The resultant catalysts were characterized for its size and uniform shape using x-ray diffractogram (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which signified the nanorod shape formed Bi2O3. The higher ultraviolet light absorbance capacity of the catalysts was also evident using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Initially, the effect of conventional parameters such as initial pH, gas bubbling (argon, oxygen, air and nitrogen) and oxidant addition (H2O2and peroxymonosulfate) in the presence of sonolysis (22 and 37 kHz frequency) and photolysis (UV-C light) on 10 ppm Basic Brown 1 dye was studied. The results showed that highest decolorization of 62 % was attained for 3 g/L peroxymonosulfate under 37 kHz frequency sonolysis treatment. Secondly, with the catalyst study, highest of 46 % dye color removal was obtained with 4 g/L Fe under 37 kHz frequency sonolysis treatment. The sonophotocatalytic treatment of dye with Fe-doped Bi2O3catalyst in combination with peroxymonosulfate showed highest color removal of 99 %. Finally, the sonophotocatalytic treatment of real textile wastewater in the presence of 3 g/L Fe-doped Bi2O3and 6 g/L peroxymonosulfate reduced the total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) level to 77 and 91 %, respectively, in 180 min. The reported treatment process was found to treat the synthetic dye and real textile wastewater effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: G Kumaravel
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Dinesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sambandam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anandan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India. sivasankar9@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thirugnanasambandam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sivasankar
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis; D013783:Textile Industry; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001729:Bismuth; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C033301:bismuth oxide
keywords: Basic brown 1 dye; Fe-doped Bi2O3; Real textile wastewater; Sonophotocatalysis