title: Toxoplasmosis in a Pet Peach-Faced Lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis).
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii atypical type II genotype was diagnosed in a pet peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and multilocus DNA typing. The bird presented with severe neurological signs, and hematology was suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease. Gross post-mortem examination revealed cerebral hemorrhage, splenomegaly, hepatitis, and thickening of the right ventricular free wall. Histologic sections of the most significant lesions in the brain revealed intralesional protozoan organisms associated with malacia, spongiform changes, and a mild histiocytic response, indicative of diffuse, non-suppurative encephalitis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the causative organisms to be T. gondii. DNA isolated from the brain was used to confirm the presence of T. gondii DNA. Multilocus genotyping based on SAG1, altSAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico markers demonstrated the presence of ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #3 and B1 gene as atypical T. gondii type II. The atypical type II strain has been previously documented in Australian wildlife, indicating an environmental transmission route.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Madalyn K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Šlapeta
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Donahoe
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Phalen
mesh_terms: D046710:Agapornis / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D057805:Pets / Q000469:parasitology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: Toxoplasma gondii; encephalitis; genotyping; peach-faced lovebird; toxoplasmosis