title: CtBP2 overexpression is associated with tumorigenesis and poor clinical outcome of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of CtBP2 in prostate cancer and to determine its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of CtBP2 in 119 prostate cancer tissues and 41 normal tissues was examined by qPCR and Western blot analysis, and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CtBP2 expression in prostate cancer tissues was higher than that in normal samples. CtBP2 overexpression was closely correlated with serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) (p = 0.018), advanced tumor stage (T3) (p = 0.025), higher Gleason scores (p = 0.019), positive extraprostatic extension (p = 0.012), positive vascular invasion (p = 0.011) and perineural invasion (p = 0.035). However, no significant association was found between CtBP2 abnormal expression and other parameters, including age (p = 0.776), positive lymph node (p = 0.872) and positive surgical margin (p = 0.37). Moreover, CtBP2 overexpression was significantly associated with poor clinical outcome of prostate cancer (p = 0.0168).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CtBP2 is overexpressed in prostate cancer, and its increased expression is closely associated with tumor progression and the outcome of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Changwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shuanghui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Baomin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Kuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ranlu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Baojie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: CtBP2; clinicopathologic parameters; prostate cancer