title: Environmental Pollution, Toxicity Profile and Treatment Approaches for Tannery Wastewater and Its Chemical Pollutants.
abstract: Leather industries are key contributors in the economy of many developing countries, but unfortunately they are facing serious challenges from the public and governments due to the associated environmental pollution. There is a public outcry against the industry due to the discharge of potentially toxic wastewater having alkaline pH, dark brown colour, unpleasant odour, high biological and chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants. Various environment protection agencies have prioritized several chemicals as hazardous and restricted their use in leather processing however; many of these chemicals are used and discharged in wastewater. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately treat/detoxify the tannery wastewater for environmental safety. This paper provides a detail review on the environmental pollution and toxicity profile of tannery wastewater and chemicals. Furthermore, the status and advances in the existing treatment approaches used for the treatment and/or detoxification of tannery wastewater at both laboratory and pilot/industrial scale have been reviewed. In addition, the emerging treatment approaches alone or in combination with biological treatment approaches have also been considered. Moreover, the limitations of existing and emerging treatment approaches have been summarized and potential areas for further investigations have been discussed. In addition, the clean technologies for waste minimization, control and management are also discussed. Finally, the international legislation scenario on discharge limits for tannery wastewater and chemicals has also been discussed country wise with discharge standards for pollution prevention due to tannery wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomic Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Environmental Microbiology Section, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomic Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India. bharagavarnbbau11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ram Naresh
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bharagava
mesh_terms: D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D013633:Tanning; D062065:Wastewater / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anammox technology; Clean technologies; Constructed wetlands; Environment pollution; Toxicity profile; Waster treatment approaches