title: Streptomyces-derived actinomycin D inhibits biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and its hemolytic activity.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile human pathogen that produces diverse virulence factors, and its biofilm cells are difficult to eradicate due to their inherent ability to tolerate antibiotics. The anti-biofilm activities of the spent media of 252 diverse endophytic microorganisms were investigated using three S. aureus strains. An attempt was made to identify anti-biofilm compounds in active spent media and to assess their anti-hemolytic activities and hydrophobicities in order to investigate action mechanisms. Unlike other antibiotics, actinomycin D (0.5 μg ml(-1)) from Streptomyces parvulus significantly inhibited biofilm formation by all three S. aureus strains. Actinomycin D inhibited slime production in S. aureus and it inhibited hemolysis by S. aureus and caused S. aureus cells to become less hydrophobic, thus supporting its anti-biofilm effect. In addition, surface coatings containing actinomycin D prevented S. aureus biofilm formation on glass surfaces. Given these results, FDA-approved actinomycin D warrants further attention as a potential antivirulence agent against S. aureus infections.
authors.affiliation: a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Guy
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kayeon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: b Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: b Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonjung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Microbial Ecology and Resources , Mokwon University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Chan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: d Department of Chemical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jintae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000502:physiology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D003609:Dactinomycin
keywords: Actinomycin D; Staphylococcus aureus; biofilm; hemolysis; hydrophobicity