title: Effect of embelin against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease in rats.
abstract: 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) causes severe neurotoxicity in animals, which depicts Huntington's disease (HD) in humans. Embelin, the main active constituent of Embelia ribes, has been reported to possess various pharmacological actions, mainly anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant and neuroprotective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of embelin against 3-NP induced experimental HD in rats. Adult Wistar rats were pretreated with vehicle/embelin (10 and 20mg/kg p.o.) for 7 days. From 8th day onwards, embelin was co-treated with 3-NP (15mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days. At the end of the treatment schedule, animals were evaluated for behavioral alterations and brain homogenates were used for estimation of oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase). 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stained brain slices were used for lesion size measurement. Administration of 3-NP significantly altered the behavioral and neuronal antioxidant status and caused significant neuronal damage in striatal region. Embelin, at both the tested doses, caused a significant reversal of behavioral and antioxidant status alterations and reversed the striatal neuronal damage induced by 3-NP. These findings suggest the neuroprotective effect of embelin against HD. The observed protective effect might be attributed to the antioxidant properties of embelin.
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, India. Electronic address: sharanapharma@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shivsharan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Dhadde
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagakannan
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, India.
authors.forename: Marulasiddeshwara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roopesh
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, India.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Anand Kumar
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, India.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Thippeswamy
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, India.
authors.forename: Veeresh P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Veerapur
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008124:Locomotion; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid; C010945:embelin
keywords: 3-NP; Antioxidant; Embelia ribes; Neuroprotective; Striatal degeneration