title: Dry Extract of Matricaria recutita L. (Chamomile) Prevents Ligature-Induced Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats via Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β.
abstract: Matricaria recutita L. (chamomile) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, the ability of the Matricaria recutita extract (MRE) to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and its influence on alveolar bone resorption (ABR) in rats.
  
  
  
  Wistar rats were subjected to ABR by ligature with nylon thread in the second upper-left molar, with contralateral hemiarcade as control. Rats received polysorbate TW80 (vehicle) or MRE (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg) 1 hour before ligature and daily until day 11. The periodontium was analyzed by macroscopy, histometry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The gingival tissue was used to quantify the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood samples were collected to evaluate bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), leukogram, and dosages of aspartate and alanine transaminases, urea, and creatinine. Aspects of liver, kidneys, spleen, and body mass variations were also evaluated.
  
  
  
  The 11 days of ligature induced bone resorption, low levels of BALP, leukocyte infiltration; increase of MPO, TNF-α, and IL-1β; immunostaining increase for RANKL and TRAP; reduction of OPG and leukocytosis, which were significantly prevented by MRE, except for the low levels of BALP and the leukocytosis. Additionally, MRE did not alter organs or body weights of rats.
  
  
  
  MRE prevented the inflammation and ABR by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β, preventing the osteoclast activation via the RANKL-OPG axis, without interfering with bone anabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.|Dentistry Course, Unileão University Center, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Vasconcelos
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iracema Matos
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará.
authors.forename: Vilana Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Adriano Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará.
authors.forename: Deizy Viviana
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Tenazoa Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Sá
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Roriz Fonteles
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará.
authors.forename: Luzia Kalyne Almeida
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Moreira Leal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará.
authors.forename: Ronaldo Albuquerque
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará.
authors.forename: Vilma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption; D020843:Chamomile / Q000737:chemistry*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D031168:Matricaria; D010010:Osteoclasts; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010518:Periodontitis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053245:RANK Ligand; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053245:RANK Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Bone resorption; cytokines; ethnopharmacology; matricaria; osteoclasts; periodontitis