title: Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap: The Beauty of the Buttock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap is a useful technique for breast reconstruction. This perforator flap allows for the transfer of the patient's own skin and subcutaneous tissue with minimal donor-site morbidity. Despite its usefulness, the SGAP flap is not widely used among reconstructive surgeons. The challenging perforator dissection and need for microsurgery may contribute to the reluctant use of the flap by many reconstructive surgeons. The ability to perform a single-stage breast reconstruction with buttock tissue when abdominal or thigh tissue are unavailable provides a significant service to the patient desiring an autologous breast reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a retrospective review and outcomes analysis of a single surgeon's surgical technique and experience. Consecutive patients, who underwent SGAP flaps for breast reconstruction during a 7-year period from 2007 to 2014, were compared to a matched cohort of consecutive patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps and clinical outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients underwent SGAP flap breast reconstruction for a total of 16 flaps during the study period compared to 34 consecutive DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction. There was no significant difference in flap or donor-site complications between the 2 groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the average operative time for unilateral breast reconstruction in the SGAP and DIEP flap groups. In 4 patients, a bipedicled SGAP flap was used due to perforator anatomy. All SGAP patients returned to full activity. Average follow-up time was 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although utilization of buttock tissue for breast reconstruction can be challenging and requires microsurgical expertise, in the hands of experienced microsurgeons the SGAP flap is a safe and reliable option for autologous breast reconstruction with minimal donor-site morbidity and excellent aesthetic results.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moody
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Rahim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nazerali
authors.forename: Gordon K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries; D002081:Buttocks / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D061525:Perforator Flap / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies