title: Perennial Grain and Oilseed Crops.
abstract: Historically, agroecosystems have been designed to produce food. Modern societies now demand more from food systems-not only food, fuel, and fiber, but also a variety of ecosystem services. And although today's farming practices are producing unprecedented yields, they are also contributing to ecosystem problems such as soil erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, and water pollution. This review highlights the potential benefits of perennial grains and oilseeds and discusses recent progress in their development. Because of perennials' extended growing season and deep root systems, they may require less fertilizer, help prevent runoff, and be more drought tolerant than annuals. Their production is expected to reduce tillage, which could positively affect biodiversity. End-use possibilities involve food, feed, fuel, and nonfood bioproducts. Fostering multidisciplinary collaborations will be essential for the successful integration of perennials into commercial cropping and food-processing systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.|Biodiversity Research Center and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kantar
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition.
authors.forename: Catrin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Tyl
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, and.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jungers
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; email: kant0063@umn.edu , wysex001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Joe M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaser
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Rachel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Schendel
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Eckberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, Environment, and Society, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Runck
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bunzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: Nick R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stupar
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, and.
authors.forename: M David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: Gregg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: Craig C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sheaffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition.
authors.forename: Tonya C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Schoenfuss
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition.
authors.forename: Baraem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; email: kant0063@umn.edu , wysex001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Heimpel
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics.
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wyse
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development*; D017753:Ecosystem; D002523:Edible Grain; D005308:Fertilizers; D010938:Plant Oils; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D010938:Plant Oils; D012987:Soil
keywords: domestication; intermediate wheatgrass; perennial food quality; perennial management