title: Plantar loading changes with alterations in foot strike patterns during a single session in habitual rear foot strike female runners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Characterize plantar loading parameters when habitually rear foot strike (RFS) runners change their pattern to a non-rear foot strike (NRFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  University biomechanics laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty three healthy female runners (Age: 22.17 ± 1.64 yrs; Height: 168.91 ± 5.46 cm; Mass: 64.29 ± 7.11 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plantar loading was measured using an in-sole pressure sensor while running down a 20-m runway restricted to a range of 3.52-3.89 m/s under two conditions, using the runner's typical RFS, and an adapted NRFS pattern. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed to detect differences in loading between these two conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Force and pressure variables were greater in the forefoot and phalanx in NRFS and greater in the heel and mid foot in RFS pattern, but the total force imposed upon the whole foot and contact time remained similar between conditions. Total peak pressure was higher and contact area was lower during NRFS running.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary finding of this investigation is that there are distinctly different plantar loads when changing from a RFS to NRFS during running. So, during a transition from RFS to a NRFS pattern; a period of acclimation should be considered to allow for adaptations to these novel loads incurred on plantar regions of the foot.
authors.affiliation: La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Professions, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, USA. Electronic address: tkernozek@uwlax.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kernozek
authors.affiliation: La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Professions, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, USA. Electronic address: vannatta.char@alumni.uwlax.edu.
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Vannatta
authors.affiliation: La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Professions, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, USA. Electronic address: ngheidi@uwlax.edu.
authors.forename: Naghmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gheidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, USA. Electronic address: kraus.sydn@uwlax.edu.
authors.forename: Sydnie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, USA. Electronic address: naminaka@uwlax.edu.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aminaka
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Foot strike pattern; Force; Plantar loading; Pressure