title: Urinary Kininogen-1 and Retinol binding protein-4 respond to Acute Kidney Injury: predictors of patient prognosis?
abstract: Implementation of therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI) depends on successful prediction of individual patient prognosis. Clinical markers as serum creatinine (sCr) have limitations in sensitivity and early response. The aim of the study was to identify novel molecules in urine which show altered levels in response to AKI and investigate their value as predictors of recovery. Changes in the urinary proteome were here investigated in a cohort of 88 subjects (55 AKI patients and 33 healthy donors) grouped in discovery and validation independent cohorts. Patients' urine was collected at three time points: within the first 48 h after diagnosis(T1), at 7 days of follow-up(T2) and at discharge of Nephrology(T3). Differential gel electrophoresis was performed and data were confirmed by Western blot (WB), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and kininogen-1 (KNG1) were found significantly altered following AKI. RBP4 increased at T1, and progressively decreased towards normalization. Maintained decrease was observed for KNG1 from T1. Individual patient response along time revealed RBP4 responds to recovery earlier than sCr. In conclusion, KNG1 and RBP4 respond to AKI. By monitoring RBP4, patient's recovery can be anticipated pointing to a role of RBP4 in prognosis evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Calero
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Valdecilla Hospital, University of Cantabria, Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos-Barron
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Valdecilla Hospital, University of Cantabria, Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Criado
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Aroa S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maroto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology/IRSIN, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Valdecilla Hospital, University of Cantabria, Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gomez-Alamillo
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Valdecilla Hospital, University of Cantabria, Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vivanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Llamas
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007704:Kininogens / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000591034:KNG1 protein, human; D007704:Kininogens; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D003404:Creatinine