title: Quality control of cardiac MRI for tetralogy of Fallot: Combination of standard measurements and physiological analysis to detect invalid examinations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the key examination for patients with tetralogy of Fallot, but it remains challenging. The MRI report should at least mention left (L) and right (R) ventricle end-diastole volumes (V), ejection fraction (EF) and pulmonary regurgitation (PR). These variables are linked by basic physiology rules and (V × EF)L=(V × EF)R(1-PR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate this formula as a quality control of Fallot MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 98 consecutive Fallot MRI were included retrospectively. Examinations that failed the formula (with a 10% tolerance) constituted the invalid group and were compared with a control group of the same size. MRIs of both groups were randomly submitted to a senior observer for blinded reassessment. The initial and new reports were compared. The inter-observer limits of agreement were calculated for the different variables within both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve examinations failed to pass the validation formula. From the 24 reanalysed examinations (12 invalid+12 controls), four failed to pass the formula (all from the invalid group). Two examinations had significant artefacts in the aorta or pulmonary trunk due to sternal wires. The quality check detected two other patients with atypical anatomy (persistent septal defects), which were not known by the MRI physician and were not detected during the examination. The inter-observer disagreements within the invalid group concerned essentially VR (P<0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality control detected questionable MRI examinations, in which 83% corresponded to unreliable right ventricle volumes due to questionable manual contours or unreliable output flow due to artefacts.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Nancy, Department of Paediatrics, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Kaci
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kecir
authors.affiliation: CHU de Nancy, CIC-IT 1433, 54000 Nancy, France; Inserm, U947, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.affiliation: CHU de Nancy, CIC-IT 1433, 54000 Nancy, France; Inserm, U947, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Bailiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: CHU de Nancy, Department of Medical Imaging, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.affiliation: CHU de Nancy, CIC-IT 1433, 54000 Nancy, France; Inserm, U947, 54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, IADI, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felblinger
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U947, 54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, IADI, 54000 Nancy, France; CHU de Nancy, Department of Cardiology, 54000 Nancy, France; CHU de Strasbourg, Department of Cardiac Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: laurent.bonnemains@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonnemains
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Artefacts; Artéfacts; Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; Ciné-IRM cardiaque; Inter-observer reliability; Quality control; Reproductibilité inter-observateur; Test de qualité; Tetralogy of Fallot; Tétralogie de Fallot