title: The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Lignans and Malabaricones from the Seeds of Myristica fragrans in the MDCK-pHaMDR Cell Monolayer Model.
abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of twelve lignans and three phenolic malabaricones from the seeds of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) were studied with the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model. The samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. Among the fifteen test compounds, benzonfuran-type, dibenzylbutane-type and arylnaphthalene-type lignans showed poor to moderate permeabilities with Papp values at 10(-8)-10(-6) cm/s; those of 8-O-4'-neolignan and tetrahydrofuran-lignan were at 10(-6)-10(-5) cm/s, meaning that their permeabilities are moderate to high; the permeabilities of malabaricones were poor as their Papp values were at 10(-8)-10(-7) cm/s. To 5-methoxy-dehydrodiisoeugenol (2), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propan-1-ol acetate (6), verrucosin (8), and nectandrin B (9), an efflux way was involved and the main transporter for 6, 8 and 9 was demonstrated to be P-glycoprotein. The time and concentration dependency experiments indicated the main transport mechanism for neolignans dehydrodiisoeugenol (1), myrislignan (7) and 8 was passive diffusion. This study summarized the relationship between the BBB permeability and structure parameters of the test compounds, which could be used to preliminarily predict the transport of a compound through BBB. The results provide a significant molecular basis for better understanding the potential central nervous system effects of nutmeg.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. 13426178575@139.com.
authors.forename: Ni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. high-xu@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. cgyxfys@163.com.
authors.forename: Gui-Yun
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. yangyanfang@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. xbyang0718@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Bao
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. xwyang@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiu-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008954:Models, Biological; D026323:Myristica / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017705:Lignans; D012118:Resorcinols
keywords: MDCK-pHaMDR; Myristica fragrans; Myristicaceae; blood-brain barrier; lignans; malabaricones; nutmeg