title: Effects of Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) Juice Intake on Brain Energy Metabolism of Mice Fed a Cafeteria Diet.
abstract: Obesity is a multifactorial disease that comes from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Moreover, studies have shown a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acerola juices (unripe, ripe, and industrial) and its main pharmacologically active components (vitamin C and rutin) on the activity of enzymes of energy metabolism in the brain of mice fed a palatable cafeteria diet. Two groups of male Swiss mice were fed on a standard diet (STA) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 13 weeks. Afterwards, the CAF-fed animals were divided into six subgroups, each of which received a different supplement for one further month (water, unripe, ripe or industrial acerola juices, vitamin C, or rutin) by gavage. Our results demonstrated that CAF diet inhibited the activity of citrate synthase in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Moreover, CAF diet decreased the complex I activity in the hypothalamus, complex II in the prefrontal cortex, complex II-III in the hypothalamus, and complex IV in the posterior cortex and striatum. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase was not altered by the CAF diet. However, unripe acerola juice reversed the inhibition of the citrate synthase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus. Ripe acerola juice reversed the inhibition of citrate synthase in the hypothalamus. The industrial acerola juice reversed the inhibition of complex I activity in the hypothalamus. The other changes were not reversed by any of the tested substances. In conclusion, we suggest that alterations in energy metabolism caused by obesity can be partially reversed by ripe, unripe, and industrial acerola juice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitaria, 1105 Bloco S, Criciuma, SC, 88806-100, Brazil. daniela_leffa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniela Dimer
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Leffa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-9000, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gislaine Tezza
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Rezin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitaria, 1105 Bloco S, Criciuma, SC, 88806-100, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daumann
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitaria, 1105 Bloco S, Criciuma, SC, 88806-100, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Longaretti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitaria, 1105 Bloco S, Criciuma, SC, 88806-100, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luiza F
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dajori
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lara Mezari
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena Carvalho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emílio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitaria, 1105 Bloco S, Criciuma, SC, 88806-100, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Moraes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: de Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D008297:Male; D029581:Malpighiaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Acerola; Energy metabolism; Krebs cycle; Obesity; Respiratory mitochondrial chain