title: [From random mutagenesis to precise genome editing: the development and evolution of genome editing techniques in Drosophila].
abstract: Drosophila melanogaster, an important model organism for studying life science, has contributed more to the research of genetics, developmental biology and biomedicine with the development of genome editing techniques. Drosophila genome-editing techniques have evolved from random mutagenesis to precise genome editing and from simple mutant construction to diverse genome editing methods since the 20th century. Chemical mutagenesis, using Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important technique to study gene function in forward genetics, however, the precise knockout of Drosophila genes could not be achieved. The gene targeting technology, based on homologous recombination, has accomplished the precise editing of Drosophila genome for the first time, but with low efficiency. The CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein)-mediated precise genome editing is simple, fast and highly efficient compared with the gene targeting technology in Drosophila. In this review, we focus on Drosophila gene knockout, and summarize the evolution of genome editing techniques in Drosophila, emphasizing the development and applications of gene targeting, zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques.
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
authors.forename: Zong-liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Ya-wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Ren-jie
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zi
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Jian-ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
authors.forename: Ji-yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D049750:Genome, Insect; D016296:Mutagenesis; D017393:RNA Editing