title: The Changing Landscape of Renal Inflammation.
abstract: Kidney inflammation is a major contributor to progressive renal injury, leading to glomerulonephritis (GN) and chronic kidney disease. We review recent advances in our understanding of leukocyte accumulation in the kidney, emphasizing key chemokines involved in GN. We discuss features of renal inflammation such as the evolving concept of immune cell plasticity. We also describe certain aspects of organ-specific tissue microenvironments in shaping immune cell responses, as well as the current knowledge of how regulatory T lymphocytes impact on other immune effector cell populations to control inflammation. It is clear that present and future research in these areas may contribute to the development of novel targeted therapeutics, with the hope of alleviating the burden of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
authors.affiliation: Service of Nephrology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: tmayadas@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Tanya Norton
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Mayadas
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: chemokines; effector immune cells; environmental triggers; glomerulus; leukocyte recruitment; local inflammation; phenotype stability; regulatory immune cells