title: Falls and Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Video Recordings of Actual Fall Events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the fall characteristics of individuals with and without Parkinson's disease (PD) through the analysis of real-life falls captured on video.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two long-term care facilities in British Columbia, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals living in long-term care (N=306; 16 with PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Falls captured on video and analyzed (N=906; 71 in participants with PD). Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine differences in fall characteristics between participants with and without PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with PD were 1.3 times as likely as those without PD to fall because of incorrect weight shifting (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03-1.65). Secondary steps during the fall event were 1.5 times as likely to be short in individuals with PD as in those without (95% CI=1.23-1.78). Individuals with PD were also 1.6 times as likely to attempt to recover balance by reaching to grasp an external object (95% CI=1.13-2.15) and 5.0 times as likely to secure grasp of the object (95% CI=1.23-20.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Along with greater likelihood for individuals with PD to fall because of incorrect weight shifting, differences between groups were found in reactive stepping responses. This first detailed evidence of the characteristics of falls in PD should help to inform fall and injury prevention approaches for clinicians and rehabilitation professionals working with individuals with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.|Injury Biomechanics and Aging Laboratory, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Tyler B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Technology for Injury Prevention in Seniors Program, Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.|Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Robinovitch
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.|Injury Biomechanics and Aging Laboratory, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.affiliation: Technology for Injury Prevention in Seniors Program, Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.|Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Yijian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Parkinson's disease; balance-biomechanics; falls; frailty; long-term care