title: Chemokines SNPs in HIV-1+ Patients and Healthy Controls from Northeast Brazil: Association with Protection against HIV-1 Infection.
abstract: HIV-1 virus is known to infect the host mainly through CD4+ T-lymphocyte cells, by interactions among the viral envelope proteins, CD4 receptor and HIV-1 coreceptors, such as chemokines receptors. Variations in the genes encoding HIV-1 coreceptors and their natural ligands have been shown to modify HIV-1 infection susceptibility and disease progression.
  
  
  
  We analysed the distribution of SNPs in chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL12) and chemokine receptor (CXCR6) genes, in 268 HIV-1 infected patients (HIV-1+) and 221 healthy controls from Northeast Brazil, and their possible connection with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The genotyping were performed through allele specific fluorogenic probes using real time PCR. We observed that the T alleles and AT genotype of rs1719153 CCL4 SNP were more frequent in healthy controls (19.8% and 35.0%, respectively) than in HIV-1+ patients (T allele: 14.1%; OR=0.67; 95%CI=0.47-0.95; p-value=0.020; and AT genotype: 24.4%; OR=0.61; 95%CI=0.40- 0.93; p-value=0.021) after correcting for age and sex. The rs1719134 (CCL3) and rs1719153 (CCL4) SNPs presented linkage disequilibrium (D'=0.83). The AT haplotype frequency was increased in healthy controls (17.3%) in relation to HIV-1+ patients (11.0%; OR=0.62; 95%CI=0.42-0.93; p-value=0.020).
  
  
  
  Since our results revealed an increased frequency of alleles and genotypes of CCL3/CCL4 SNPs and haplotype (CCL3-CCL4) among healthy controls, we suggest that these variations might have a potential protective role against HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/nº, CEP 50.670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. ronaldocelerino@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Celerino da Silva
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Victor Campos Coelho
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cláudio Arraes
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: André Cavalcanti Brandão
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lima Guimarães
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crovella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C106330:CXCR6 protein, human; D018925:Chemokines; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011991:Receptors, Virus