title: Concordance between Doppler and pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging in estimation of the degree of left ventricular dysfunction and correlating it to the degree of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As a consequence of leftward shift of the interventricular septum and of pericardial restraint, related to the degree of right ventricular dilation, alveolar hypoxia and related pulmonary vascular changes, left ventricular function is influenced by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities by conventional echocardiography and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in COPD patients according to the degree of disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled forty consecutive patients with COPD and twenty matched control. Twenty of the patients were suffering from mild form of COPD, twenty were suffering from severe form of COPD as decided by pulmonary function test and arterial blood gases and twenty apparently healthy non COPD control persons were subjected to echocardiographic assessment to left ventricular diastolic and systolic functions by conventional echocardiography and DTI at the mitral annulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant statistical difference between the three groups as regards the age and the gender. There were significant statistical differences between the patients and the control as regards the diastolic functions of the left ventricle. E and A waves obtained by conventional Doppler and by DTI showed significant statistical difference between mild, severe forms of COPD and control subjects. The degree of diastolic dysfunction increased significantly with increase of the severity of COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular diastolic function is significantly affected in patients with COPD and the degree of affection is related to the severity of COPD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Inas
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eweda
authors.affiliation: Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ghada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamada
keywords: COPD; DTI; LV diastolic dysfunction; Pulmonary function test