title: Imaging the role of toll-like receptor 4 on cell proliferation and inflammation after cerebral ischemia by positron emission tomography.
abstract: The influence of toll-like receptor 4 on neurogenesis and inflammation has been scarcely explored so far by using neuroimaging techniques. For this purpose, we performed magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine and [(11)C]PK11195 at 2, 7, and 14 days following cerebral ischemia in TLR4(+/+)and TLR4(-/-)mice. MRI showed similar infarction volumes in both groups. Despite this, positron emission tomography with 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine and [(11)C]PK11195 evidenced an increase of neurogenesis and a decrease of inflammation in TLR4(-/-)mice after ischemia. These results evidence the versatility of neuroimaging techniques to monitor the role of toll-like receptor 4 after cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moraga
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry, Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC, biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gómez-Vallejo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cuartero
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa. Spain.
authors.forename: Boguslaw
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szczupak
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa. Spain.
authors.forename: Eneko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: San Sebastián
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa. Spain.
authors.forename: Irati
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Markuerkiaga
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pradillo
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry, Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC, biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llop
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa. Spain amartin@cicbiomagune.es ignacio.lizasoain@med.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lizasoain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002539:Cerebral Arterial Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007546:Isoquinolines; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D007546:Isoquinolines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C002854:alovudine; C037850:PK 11195
keywords: 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine; Positron emission tomography; T2W-MRI; [11C]PK11195; cerebral ischemia; magnetic resonance imaging; middle cerebral artery occlusion; toll-like receptor 4