title: Toll-Like Receptors: Ligands, Cell-Based Models, and Readouts for Receptor Action.
abstract: This chapter details Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the tools available to study their biology in vitro. Key parameters to consider before exploring TLR action such as receptor localization, signaling pathways, nature of ligands and cellular expression are introduced. Cellular models (i.e., host cells and readouts) based on the use of cell lines, primary cells, or whole blood are presented. The use of modified TLRs to circumvent some technical problems is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright St., Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. jennifer.dowling@hudson.org.au.
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.affiliation: Blood Assay Solutions, Toulouse Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jérome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dellacasagrande
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Cell-based assays; Reporter gene assays; TLR ligands; Toll-like receptors; Whole blood assays