title: Inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic liver diseases and the lung.
abstract: This review is devoted to the distinct associations of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and chronic liver disorders with chronic airway diseases, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma, and other chronic respiratory disorders in the adult population. While there is strong evidence for the association of chronic airway diseases with IBD, the data are much weaker for the interplay between lung and liver multimorbidities. The association of IBD, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, with pulmonary disorders is underlined by their heterogeneous respiratory manifestations and impact on chronic airway diseases. The potential relationship between the two most prevalent liver-induced pulmonary vascular entities, i.e. portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome, and also between liver disease and other chronic respiratory diseases is also approached. Abnormal lung function tests in liver diseases are described and the role of increased serum bilirubin levels on chronic respiratory problems are considered.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia (Institut del Tòrax), Hospital Clínic, Institut Biomédic August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain rororo@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Roisin
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sonja D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bartolome
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, Université Paris 5, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huchon
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krowka
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D020065:Hepatopulmonary Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*