title: Diagnostic quality assessment of compressed sensing accelerated magnetic resonance neuroimaging.
abstract: To determine the efficacy of compressed sensing (CS) reconstructions for specific clinical magnetic resonance neuroimaging applications beyond more conventional acceleration techniques such as parallel imaging (PI) and low-resolution acquisitions.
  
  
  
  Raw k-space data were acquired from five healthy volunteers on a 3T scanner using a 32-channel head coil using T2 -FLAIR, FIESTA-C, time of flight (TOF), and spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequences. In a series of blinded studies, three radiologists independently evaluated CS, PI (GRAPPA), and low-resolution images at up to 5× accelerations. Synthetic T2 -FLAIR images with artificial lesions were used to assess diagnostic accuracy for CS reconstructions.
  
  
  
  CS reconstructions were of diagnostically acceptable quality at up to 4× acceleration for T2 -FLAIR and FIESTA-C (average qualitative scores 3.7 and 4.3, respectively, on a 5-point scale at 4× acceleration), and at up to 3× acceleration for TOF and SPGR (average scores 4.0 and 3.7, respectively, at 3× acceleration). The qualitative scores for CS reconstructions were significantly better than low-resolution images for T2 -FLAIR, FIESTA-C, and TOF and significantly better than GRAPPA for TOF and SPGR (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < 0.05) with no significant difference found otherwise. Diagnostic accuracy was acceptable for both CS and low-resolution images at up to 3× acceleration (area under the ROC curve 0.97 and 0.96, respectively.)
  
  
  
  Mild to moderate accelerations are possible for those sequences by a combined CS and PI reconstruction. Nevertheless, for certain sequences/applications one might mildly reduce the acquisition time by appropriately reducing the imaging resolution rather than the more complicated CS reconstruction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:433-444.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.|Biomedical Engineering Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayvanrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada.|Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.|Biomedical Engineering Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada.|Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D044962:Data Compression / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015588:Observer Variation; D009864:Ontario; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016037:Single-Blind Method
keywords: accelerated magnetic resonance imaging; compressed sensing MRI; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic quality assessment; magnetic resonance neuroimaging; parallel imaging