title: Characterisation and functional implications of the two new HLA-G alleles found in Amerindian and Caribbean populations.
abstract: HLA-G polymorphism has been found to be relatively low in all world populations. In the present paper two new HLA-G molecules are described in ancient American natives. A new HLA-G molecule from a Ecuador Amerindian individual (male) showed four codon changes with respect to HLA-G*01:01:01. Silent changes at α1 domain (residue 57, Pro, CCG→CCA) and α2 domain (residue 93, His, CAC→CAT and residue 100, Gly, GGC→GGT) and one productive change in α3 domain (residue 219 changed from Arg to Trp). This α3 change may dramatically alter HLA-G interactions with beta-2 microglobulin, CD8, ILT-2 and ILT-4 ligands present in subsets of T, B, NK, monocytes, macrophages and dentritic cells. Another HLA-G new molecule was found in a woman from Hispaniola Island, Dominican Republic (Sto Domingo): it presented a silent change at α2 domain residue 107, Gly, GGA→GGT and non-silent change at residue 178, Met→Thr (with respect to HLA-G*01:01:01) which is close to class I molecule/clonotypic T cell receptor interaction sites. Functional implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: arnaizantonio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnaiz-Villena
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enriquez-de-Salamanca
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palacio-Grüber
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martin-Villa
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Narcisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martinez-Quiles
authors.affiliation: Department of Inmunología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Autopista A6, Hipódromo, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomez-Casado
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muñiz
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D017691:Caribbean Region; D004293:Dominican Republic; D004484:Ecuador; D005260:Female; D005828:Genetics, Population; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D007197:Indians, Central American; D007199:Indians, South American; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D059951:HLA-G Antigens
keywords: Amerindians; Ecuador; HLA-G; HLA-G and populations; HLA-G function; HLA-G immune interaction; HLA-G ligands; Hispaniola Is; ILT-2; ILT-4