title: Alterations of the cerebral cortex in sporadic small vessel disease: A systematic review of in vivo MRI data.
abstract: Cerebral small vessel diseases of the brain are a major determinant of cognitive impairment in the elderly. In small vessel diseases, the most easily identifiable lesions, both at post-mortem evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging, lie in subcortical areas. However, recent results obtained post-mortem, particularly in severe cases, have highlighted the burden of cortex lesions such as microinfarcts and diffuse neuronal loss. The recent development of image post-processing methods allows now assessing in vivo multiple aspects of the cerebral cortex. This systematic review aimed to analyze in vivo magnetic resonance imaging studies evaluating cortex alterations at different stages of small vessel diseases. Studies assessing the relationships between small vessel disease magnetic resonance imaging markers obtained at the subcortical level and cortex estimates were reviewed both in community-dwelling elderly and in patients with symptomatic small vessel diseases. Thereafter, studies analyzing cortex estimates in small vessel disease patients compared with healthy subjects were evaluated. The results support that important cortex alterations develop along the course of small vessel diseases independently of concomitant neurodegenerative processes. Easy detection and quantification of cortex changes in small vessel diseases as well as understanding their underlying mechanisms are challenging tasks for better understanding cognitive decline in small vessel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1161 INSERM, Paris, France DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Roxane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1161 INSERM, Paris, France DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Guio
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1161 INSERM, Paris, France DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hosp, F-75475 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chabriat
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1161 INSERM, Paris, France DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hosp, F-75475 Paris, France eric.jouvent@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jouvent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D059345:Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cerebral small vessel disease; cortex; cortical folding; cortical thickness; magnetic resonance imaging; voxel-based morphometry