title: Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Lateral Ankle Ligament Injury, Instability, and Anterior Ankle Impingement: A Diagnostic Case Report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this case report is to describe the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) in a patient with injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle with concomitant ankle joint osteoarthritis and anterior impingement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28-year-old male had a history of an inversion injury of the left ankle. Diagnostic US of the left ankle using an 8- to 15-MHz linear array transducer demonstrated a full thickness tear of the anterior talofibular ligament, partial thickness tearing of the calcaneofibular ligament, and laxity of the ankle with varus stress testing. In addition, US was able to demonstrate degeneration of the ankle and talonavicular joints and anterior impingement with dorsiflexion. Osteoarthritic changes were confirmed with radiography. Other US findings included remote deltoid ligamentous complex injury, multiple sites of tenosynovitis, and a large ankle joint effusion with synovial hypertrophy and synovitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using US, an accurate diagnosis was established with respect to the pathology and functional impairments of the patient's ankle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report exemplifies the value and utility of US in diagnosing derangement in ligamentous, tendinous, articular, and osseous injuries of the ankle.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging Resident, Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.affiliation: Chiropractic Resident, Department of Pain Medicine, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Jefferson Barracks Division, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Chair, Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO.
authors.forename: Norman W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Kettner
keywords: Ankle joint; Chiropractic; Diagnosis; Ultrasonography