title: The Effects of Cumulative Victimization on Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents and Young Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of the cumulative victimization experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths on mental disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 248 participants from the Chicago, Illinois, area in 7 waves of data collected over 4 years, beginning in 2007 (83.1% retention rate). Mean age at enrollment was 18.7 years, and 54.7% were Black. We measured depression and posttraumatic stress disorder using structured psychiatric interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latent class analyses of victimization over time identified a 4-class solution. Class 1 (65.4%) had low, decreasing victimization. Class 2 (10.3%) had moderate, increasing victimization. Class 3 (5.1%) had high, steady victimization. Class 4 (19.2%) had high, decreasing victimization. Controlling for baseline diagnoses and birth sex, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths in classes 2 and 3 were at higher risk for depression than were those in class 1; youths in classes 2, 3, and 4 were at elevated risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths with steadily high or increasing levels of victimization from adolescence to early adulthood are at higher risk for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mustanski
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Jae A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Puckett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D019529:Sexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult