title: DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation of epigenetic modifications as a therapeutic approach for cancers.
abstract: Epigenetic modifications play important roles in regulating carcinogenesis, and specific epigenetic modifications have emerged as potential tumor markers. Herein, we summarize several types of epigenetic modifications, explore the role played by epigenetic modifications in gene regulation, and describe the patterns of epigenetic modifications in cancers. Since epigenetic modifications have been reported to regulate the Warburg effect in cancers, the roles of epigenetic modifications in sugar metabolism are discussed. In addition, oxidative stress may play an important role in carcinogenesis, and the role of oxidative stress and epigenetic modification in carcinogenesis is addressed. We also discuss the role of epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets. Finally, the synergistic effects of the combined treatment of epigenetic regulator and anticancer drugs for cancer therapy are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hurng-Wern
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Feng
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyng-Shiou F
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ru
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Doctor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University/Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ammad Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Farooqi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: reyata@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jen-Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Research Resources and Development of Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: changhw@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D006657:Histones
keywords: Acetylation; Epigenetic modification; Histone; Methylation; Sugar metabolism