title: Maturity and security assessment of pilot-scale aerobic co-composting of penicillin fermentation dregs (PFDs) with sewage sludge.
abstract: In this work, penicillin fermentation dregs (PFDs) and sewage sludge (SWS) were co-composted to analyze the possibility of recycling nutrients in PFDs. The temperature was maintained above 55°C for more than 3 days, and the final electrical conductivity (EC), pH and C/N all met the national standards in maturity. A nearly 100% removal of the residual penicillin was achieved, and the seed germination index (GI) increased from 0.02% to 83.54±3.1% by the end of the composting process. However, monitoring the quantity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) showed that the logarithm of the number of copies of blaTEM increased from 4.17±0.19 at the initial phase to 8.92±0.27 by the end of the composting process, which means that there is a high risk for land use when using PFD compost products.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Shihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China. Electronic address: wqxshelly@163.com.
authors.forename: Qinxue
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010406:Penicillins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012722:Sewage; D013696:Temperature; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D012722:Sewage; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); Antibiotics fermentation dregs (AFDs); Co-composting; Germination index; Penicillin fermentation dregs (PFDs)