title: Design and Fabrication of 3D printed Scaffolds with a Mechanical Strength Comparable to Cortical Bone to Repair Large Bone Defects.
abstract: A challenge in regenerating large bone defects under load is to create scaffolds with large and interconnected pores while providing a compressive strength comparable to cortical bone (100-150 MPa). Here we design a novel hexagonal architecture for a glass-ceramic scaffold to fabricate an anisotropic, highly porous three dimensional scaffolds with a compressive strength of 110 MPa. Scaffolds with hexagonal design demonstrated a high fatigue resistance (1,000,000 cycles at 1-10 MPa compressive cyclic load), failure reliability and flexural strength (30 MPa) compared with those for conventional architecture. The obtained strength is 150 times greater than values reported for polymeric and composite scaffolds and 5 times greater than reported values for ceramic and glass scaffolds at similar porosity. These scaffolds open avenues for treatment of load bearing bone defects in orthopaedic, dental and maxillofacial applications.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Seyed-Iman
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Roohani-Esfahani
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zreiqat
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D000071538:Cortical Bone / Q000502:physiology*; D005898:Glass; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016062:Porosity; D011327:Printing / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D011108:Polymers; C023506:Glass ceramics