title: Role of vitamin D in adipose tissue in obese rats programmed by early weaning and post diet calcium.
abstract: METHODS
  Early weaning (EW) is associated with an impairment of offspring development and leads to overweight and higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in adulthood, which can be corrected by calcium supplementation, potentially via vitamin D regulation of adipogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined vitamin D status in adipose tissue in EW obese rats, treated with calcium. Dams were separated into: EW- dams were wrapped with a bandage to interrupt lactation (last 3 days), and C- pups with free access to milk. At PN120, EW pups were divided in: EW- standard diet, and EWCa- calcium supplementation (10 g of calcium carbonate/kg of chow). On PN21, EW group has hypocalcemia. On PN180, EW group showed lower intestinal calbidin, higher adiposity, and 25(OH)D. In adipose tissue, Cyp27b1/1alpha-Hydroxylase, C/EBPB, PPAR-γ, IL6, TNF-A, and MCP1 were increased, while VDR and IL10 were decreased. Calcium increased calbidin, VDR and prevented adipose tissue dysfunction. EW group has a long-term effect of vitamin D on adipocyte, contributing to pro-inflammatory status and obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that in obese rat adipocytes, 1,25(OH)2 D down-regulates VDR, resulting in vitamin D resistance, characterized by higher Cyp27b1/1α-Hydroxylase and adipogenesis. Calcium therapy appears to be an outstanding strategy for weight loss and improving endocrine metabolic disorders that are obesity associated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jessica Lopes
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nobre
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lisboa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peixoto-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Torres
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Quitete
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaine C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Egberto Gaspar
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase
keywords: Calcium therapy; Early weaning; Obesity; Vitamin D