title: Football injuries of the ankle: A review of injury mechanisms, diagnosis and management.
abstract: Football is the most popular sport worldwide and is associated with a high injury rate, most of which are the result of trauma from player contact. Ankle injuries are among the most commonly diagnosed injuries in the game. The result is reduced physical activity and endurance levels, lost game time, and considerable medical cost. Sports medicine professionals must employ the correct diagnostic tools and effective treatments and rehabilitation protocols to minimize the impact of these injuries on the player. This review examines the diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative rehabilitation for common football injuries of the ankle based on the clinical evidence provided in the current literature.
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Walls
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Keir A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Ethan J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hodgkins
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Niall A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.affiliation: Raymond J Walls, Keir A Ross, Ethan J Fraser, Christopher J Egan, John G Kennedy, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
keywords: Ankle; Football; Injury; Management; Soccer