title: Genetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal Metabolism.
abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Women with a history of GDM are at long-term risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), raising the question to what extent GDM and T2DM share a common genetic architecture. Meta-analysis of candidate gene studies and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) have identified a number of genes which are reproducibly associated with GDM, including TCF7L2, GCK, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, MTNR1B, and IRS1. These genes are also associated with T2DM. Candidate gene and GWAS have also identified genes associated with maternal metabolic traits, most of which are also associated with metabolic traits in the general population. Two genes, BACE2 and HKDC1, are uniquely associated with maternal metabolic traits. These studies suggest that there are similarities and differences between the genetic architecture of GDM and T2DM and metabolic quantitative traits in pregnant and non-pregnant populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Rubloff Building 420 E. Superior St., 12th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. wlowe@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1400 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. dscholtens@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Scholtens
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Rubloff Building 420 E. Superior St., 12th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. victoria.sandler@northwestern.edu.|Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Suite 530, 645 N Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. victoria.sandler@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Rubloff Building 420 E. Superior St., 12th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. ghayes@northwestern.edu.|Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 15-759, 300 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. ghayes@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: M Geoffrey
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci
keywords: Candidate gene; Genetics; Genome-wide association study; Gestational diabetes; Pregnancy