title: Direct fabrication of 3D graphene on nanoporous anodic alumina by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
abstract: High surface area electrode materials are of interest for a wide range of potential applications such as super-capacitors and electrochemical cells. This paper describes a fabrication method of three-dimensional (3D) graphene conformally coated on nanoporous insulating substrate with uniform nanopore size. 3D graphene films were formed by controlled graphitization of diamond-like amorphous carbon precursor films, deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). Plasma-assisted graphitization was found to produce better quality graphene than a simple thermal graphitization process. The resulting 3D graphene/amorphous carbon/alumina structure has a very high surface area, good electrical conductivity and exhibits excellent chemically stability, providing a good material platform for electrochemical applications. Consequently very large electrochemical capacitance values, as high as 2.1 mF for a sample of 10 mm(3), were achieved. The electrochemical capacitance of the material exhibits a dependence on bias voltage, a phenomenon observed by other groups when studying graphene quantum capacitance. The plasma-assisted graphitization, which dominates the graphitization process, is analyzed and discussed in detail.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Hualin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.|The Bionics Institute, 384-388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Apollo
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Kumaravelu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
authors.forename: Desmond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prawer
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.|Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 16253 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cervenka