title: The Stimulatory Effect of Strontium Ions on Phytoestrogens Content in Glycine max (L.) Merr.
abstract: The amount of secondary metabolites in plants can be enhanced or reduced by various external factors. In this study, the effect of strontium ions on the production of phytoestrogens in soybeans was investigated. The plants were treated with Hoagland's solution, modified with Sr(2+) with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 mM, and were grown for 14 days in hydroponic cultivation. After harvest, soybean plants were separated into roots and shoots, dried, and pulverized. The plant material was extracted with methanol and hydrolyzed. Phytoestrogens were quantified by HPLC. The significant increase in the concentration of the compounds of interest was observed for all tested concentrations of strontium ions when compared to control. Sr(2+) at a concentration of 2 mM was the strongest elicitor, and the amount of phytoestrogens in plant increased ca. 2.70, 1.92, 3.77 and 2.88-fold, for daidzein, coumestrol, genistein and formononetin, respectively. Moreover, no cytotoxic effects were observed in HepG2 liver cell models after treatment with extracts from 2 mM Sr(2+)-stressed soybean plants when compared to extracts from non-stressed plants. Our results indicate that the addition of strontium ions to the culture media may be used to functionalize soybean plants with enhanced phytoestrogen content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland. kosiorma@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wójciak-Kosior
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland. i.sowa@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Ireneusz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sowa
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Clinic, Medical University Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland. blicharski@vp.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blicharski
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland. maciej.strzemski@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strzemski
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland. slawomir.dresler@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dresler
authors.affiliation: Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Sławinkowska 3, Lublin 20-810, Poland. grazyna.szymczak@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szymczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland. artur.wnorowski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wnorowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland. r.kocjan@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kocjan
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland. r.swieboda@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Świeboda
mesh_terms: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003375:Coumestrol / Q000819:agonists / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019833:Genistein / Q000819:agonists / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018527:Hydroponics; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000819:agonists / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000432:Methanol; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000819:agonists* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013324:Strontium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C007768:formononetin; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; D003375:Coumestrol; D000432:Methanol; D013324:Strontium
keywords: Glycine max; coumestrol; isoflavones; phytoestrogens; soy; strontium