title: Evidence of Natural Hybridization in Brazilian Wild Lineages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: The natural biology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the best known unicellular model eukaryote, remains poorly documented and understood although recent progress has started to change this situation. Studies carried out recently in the Northern Hemisphere revealed the existence of wild populations associated with oak trees in North America, Asia, and in the Mediterranean region. However, in spite of these advances, the global distribution of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, especially in regions were oaks and other members of the Fagaceae are absent, is not well understood. Here we investigate the occurrence of S. cerevisiae in Brazil, a tropical region where oaks and other Fagaceae are absent. We report a candidate natural habitat of S. cerevisiae in South America and, using whole-genome data, we uncover new lineages that appear to have as closest relatives the wild populations found in North America and Japan. A population structure analysis revealed the penetration of the wine genotype into the wild Brazilian population, a first observation of the impact of domesticated microbe lineages on the genetic structure of wild populations. Unexpectedly, the Brazilian population shows conspicuous evidence of hybridization with an American population of Saccharomyces paradoxus. Introgressions from S. paradoxus were significantly enriched in genes encoding secondary active transmembrane transporters. We hypothesize that hybridization in tropical wild lineages may have facilitated the habitat transition accompanying the colonization of the tropical ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana V B
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Safar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugènes-Marchand, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Lou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nielly-Thibault
authors.affiliation: Département des Sciences Biologiques, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Rue Vincent D'indy-Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leducq
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugènes-Marchand, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal jss@fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: José Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sampaio
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D017753:Ecosystem; D029962:Fagaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
keywords: Saccharomyces paradoxus; genome evolution; introgression; microbe population genomics; yeast molecular ecology