title: Pulse mode of laser photodynamic treatment induced cell apoptosis.
abstract: One of the factors limiting photodynamic therapy (PDT) is hypoxia in tumor cells during photodynamic action. PDT with pulse mode irradiation and appropriate irradiation parameters could be more effective in the singlet oxygen generation and tissue re-oxygenation than continuous wave (CW) mode. We theoretically demonstrate differences between the cumulative singlet oxygen concentration in PDT using pulse mode and CW mode of laser irradiation. In vitro experimental results show that photodynamic treatment with pulse mode irradiation has similar cytotoxicity to CW mode and induces mainly cell apoptosis, whereas CW mode induces necrotic cell death. We assume that the cumulative singlet oxygen concentration and the temporal distribution of singlet oxygen are important in photodynamic cytotoxicity and apoptosis initiation. We expect our research may improve irradiation protocols and photodynamic therapy efficiency.
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Academic University, Khlopina str. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia. Electronic address: klimenko.vova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Klimenko
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Academic University, Khlopina str. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
authors.forename: Nickolay A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Knyazev
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Academic University, Khlopina str. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia.
authors.forename: Fedor V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Moiseenko
authors.affiliation: First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, L'va Tolstogo str. 6/8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
authors.forename: Anatoliy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rusanov
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Academic University, Khlopina str. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; St Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytekhnicheskaya str. 29, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bogdanov
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Academic University, Khlopina str. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, L'va Tolstogo str. 6/8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; St Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytekhnicheskaya str. 29, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Dubina
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C000593241:bremachlorin; D026082:Singlet Oxygen
keywords: Apoptosis; Photodynamic therapy; Pulse mode irradiation; Singlet oxygen