title: Prevalence, etiology, and types of dental trauma in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental traumas are common among children and adolescents in many societies posing health and social problems. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence, etiology, types, and other epidemiologic aspects of dental trauma in children and adolescents (0-18 years old).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this systematic meta-analytical review, data were collected searching for key words including traumatic dental injuries, dental trauma, dental injury, dental trauma, tooth injuries, tooth trauma, traumatized teeth, dentoalveolar trauma, oral trauma, epidemiology, etiology, prevalence, incidence, occurrence, child*, and adolescence in the following databases: Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed and Google scholar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the total of 3197 articles, 44 completely relevant papers were included in the study. The prevalence of dental trauma was variable based on geographical area and was estimated 17.5% in the population, with higher prevalence in boys. Falling was the major cause for dental trauma, and the most frequent location was home. The most frequent type of trauma was enamel fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relatively high prevalence was detected for dental trauma, which calls for effective planning and intervention to prevent the occurrence in children and adolescents. These may include special care for children, eliminating fall-prone areas, installing safety measures at homes, using protective appliances in sports, education, and raising the knowledge and availability of services to address enamel fracture. Region-specific criteria should be taken into account in programs and interventions.
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. saberazami@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azami-Aghdash
authors.affiliation: Professor, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. f_ebadi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Farbod
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebadifard Azar
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. pournaghiazarm@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pournaghi Azar
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Health Economics, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Health Management and Economics, Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rezapoor_a57@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezapour
authors.affiliation: MSc, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. moradijoo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moradi-Joo
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Community Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. dr_ahmad_mosavi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moosavi
authors.affiliation: MD, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ghertasis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghertasi Oskouei
keywords: Children and Adolescents; Dental Trauma; Etiology; Meta-analysis; Prevalence; Systematic Review; Type