title: Reliability and validity of Korean version of modified: Yale preoperative anxiety scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) was developed for evaluating the level of preoperative anxiety in children. The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the mYPAS (K-mYPAS) and to establish its validity and reliability based on the Korean preoperative pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  K-mYPAS was made through stringent back-translation procedure. Total enrolled 102 patients answered questionnaires of Korean version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (K-STAIC), and were videotaped for 2 to 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Three observers of experienced psychiatrist, surgeon, and nurse analyzed videotape with K-mYPAS comparing to K-STAIC. The inter- and intraobservers reliability, concurrent and construct validity, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The value of Cronbach α for interobservers reliability was 0.939 and intraobserver reliability was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Concurrent and construct validity were also statistically significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 81.3%, 91.4%, 81.3%, 91.4%, and 88.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The K-mYPAS had good psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of preoperative anxiety in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyuwhan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Hyang
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Ah-Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent, Seoul Top Ma-Eum Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent, Seoul Top Ma-Eum Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyejin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: Anxiety; Korean; Scale