title: Regional variations in cholecystectomy rates in Sweden: impact on complications of gallstone disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are considerable variations in cholecystectomy rates between countries, but it remains unsettled whether high cholecystectomy rates prevent future gallstone complications by reducing the gallstone prevalence. The aims of this study were to investigate the regional differences in cholecystectomy rates and their relation to the incidence of gallstone complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nation-wide registry-based study of the total number of cholecystectomies in Sweden between 1998 and 2013. Data were obtained from the Swedish Inpatient Registry covering the entire population and subdivided for by the 21 different counties. Indications for the procedure were prospectively collected during the years 2006-2013 in the National Registry for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP. The detailed demography of the total number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy and its relation to the respective indications were analysed by linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual rates of cholecystectomy in the Swedish counties ranged from 100 to 207 per 100,000 inhabitants, with a mean of 157 (95% CI 145-169). The majority of cholecystectomies were done in females based on the indication biliary colic, with a peak incidence in younger ages. Cholecystectomies performed due to gallstone complications, pancreatitis and cholecystitis, were mainly carried out in the older age groups. No significant relationship could be demonstrated between cholecystectomy rates in the different regions and the respective incidences of gallstone complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are wide regional variations in cholecystectomy rates in Sweden. The present study does not give support that frequent use of cholecystectomy in uncomplicated gallstone disease prevents future gallstone complications.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Digestive Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Rozh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.affiliation: a Center for Digestive Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Arnelo
authors.affiliation: a Center for Digestive Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Enochsson
authors.affiliation: a Center for Digestive Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lundell
authors.affiliation: a Center for Digestive Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: a Center for Digestive Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandblom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cholecystectomy; cholecystitis; gallstones; pancreatitis