title: Retrospective evaluation of intravenous premixed amiodarone use and adverse effects in dogs (17 cases: 2011-2014).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the number and frequency of adverse effects in a population of clinical canine patients receiving Nexterone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen canine patients receiving Nexterone (five of which were treated during cardiopulmonary arrest).
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic records search for canine patients receiving intravenous Nexterone at the Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital was performed and retrospectively evaluated for patient demographic information, pre- and post-treatment values for heart rate, blood pressure and rhythm diagnosis, as well as any documented adverse effects (hypotension, anaphylaxis, vomiting, phlebitis, and death). Data including the underlying cardiac or systemic disease, concurrent medications, as well as the final clinical diagnosis and treatment outcome were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No adverse effects were noted in this population of clinical canine patients receiving Nexterone. The median pre-treatment heart rate and blood pressure values were 160 bpm (range 120-300 bpm) and 105 mmHg (range 60-170 mmHg), respectively. After treatment, the median heart rate was significantly lower (120 bpm; range 68-172 bpm). The median blood pressure similar to the pre-treatment blood pressure (115 mmHg; range 100-150 mmHg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of 17 dogs receiving the premixed formulation of injectable Nexterone, no dogs were found to have acute adverse side effects. Nexterone appears to be a safe drug choice for in-hospital treatment of canine arrhythmias. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and long-term effects of this medication and the ideal dosing protocol for various arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Nyssa A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: koenig27@cvm.msu.edu.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koenigshof
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000638:Amiodarone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone
keywords: Arrhythmias; Canine; Nexterone