title: Monitoring Local Regional Hemodynamic Signal Changes during Motor Execution and Motor Imagery Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the topographical localization of motor-related regional hemodynamic signal changes during motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), as this technique is more clinically expedient than established methods (e.g., fMRI). Twenty right-handed healthy subjects participated in this study. The experimental protocol was a blocked design consisting of 3 cycles of 20 s of task performance and 30 s of rest. The tapping sequence task was performed with their fingers under 4 conditions: ME and MI with the right or left hand. Hemodynamic brain activity was measured with NIRS to monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration. Oxy-Hb in the somatosensory motor cortex (SMC) increased significantly only during contralateral ME and showed a significant interaction between task and hand. There was a main effect of hand in the left SMC. Although there were no significant main effects or interactions in the supplemental motor area (SMA) and premotor area (PMA), oxy-Hb increased substantially under all conditions. These results clarified the topographical localization by motor-related regional hemodynamic signal changes during ME and MI by using NIRS.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan; Medical Corporation Toujinkai Miharadai HospitalNagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.affiliation: Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan; Medical Corporation Toujinkai Miharadai HospitalNagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriuchi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Society Nagasaki Genbaku HospitalNagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagari
authors.affiliation: Center for Industry, University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.affiliation: Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishikyushu University Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabira
authors.affiliation: Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
keywords: NIRS; hemodynamic signal changes; mental practice; motor execution; motor imagery