title: Insecticidal Activity and Insect Repellency of Four Species of Sea Lily (Comatulida: Comatulidae) From Taiwan.
abstract: The methanol and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of four species of sea lily (Himerometra magnipinna, Comaster multifidus, Comanthina sp., and Comatella maculata) were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Yellow-fever mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti) and their repellency against adult Asian Tiger mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus). The 24-hr minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) data revealed that the extracts from H. magnipinna and the C. maculata were the most active, killing mosquito larvae at 12.5 ppm. The toxicity of the extracts from these four sea lilies in descending order was H. magnipinna (12.5 ppm), C. maculata (12.5 ppm), C. multifidus (100 ppm), and Comanthina sp. (200 ppm). Furthermore, no significant difference in toxicity was found using either EA or methanol as the extraction solvent. The MIC at 12.5 ppm is promising as an insecticide lead. The repellency study results show that EA is a better solvent for one species (H. magnipinna), but the methanol is a better solvent overall. The repellency of these sea lily extracts in descending order was Comanthina sp. MeOH (ED50 at 0.32%), followed by H. magnipinna EA (ED50 at 0.38%), C. multifidus MeOH (ED50 at 0.57%), C. maculata MeOH (ED50 at 0.76%), C. multifidus EA (ED50 at 1.25%), and H. magnipinna MeOH (ED50 at 1.67%). A compound with ED50 <0.5% is considered to be a promising repellant. Among the studied sea lilies, both Comanthina sp. and H. magnipinna have potential to be further developed as mosquito control agents due to their favorable toxicity and repellency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan Advanced Technology Center, Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Ltd., Taoyuan 334, Taiwan tunicate.su@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shih-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tse-Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yen Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hin-Kiu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.affiliation: The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Eddie Hang
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chio
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D004447:Echinodermata / Q000737:chemistry*; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013624:Taiwan; D014020:Tissue Extracts
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014020:Tissue Extracts
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Taiwan; insect repellency; insecticidal activity; sea lily