title: A systematic review of the effect of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on the risk of pre-eclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The associations between HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pre-eclampsia are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarize research and clarify the implications of HIV and ART on pre-eclampsia risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2003 and July 2014, using relevant keywords.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-text review was dependent on the inclusion of pre-eclampsia as an outcome and original data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for population, confounders, limitations, and measures of association were qualitatively assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 550 records identified, 70 were screened, and 13 were included. Five of the nine studies comparing pre-eclampsia risk between women with and without HIV infection found no significant difference; only one found that women living with HIV were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia. Two studies found that women living with HIV who were receiving ART at conception were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia than were those not receiving ART at conception. Two studies reported that pre-eclampsia rates did not differ by ART regimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is insufficient evidence to conclude that women living with HIV and receiving ART have a higher risk of pre-eclampsia than do women without HIV infection; further research is needed to assess the association between ART and pre-eclampsia.
authors.affiliation: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: joella_adams@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Joëlla W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: D Heather
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.affiliation: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: B Ryan
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Phelps
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; HIV in women; HIV/AIDS; Pre-eclampsia