title: Bifunctional bioceramics stimulating osteogenic differentiation of a gingival fibroblast and inhibiting plaque biofilm formation.
abstract: Gingival recession is a common clinical problem that results in esthetic deficiencies and poor plaque control and predominantly occurs in aged patients. In order to restore the cervical region, ideal biomaterials should possess the ability to stimulate proliferation and osteogenesis/cementogenesis of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and have a strong antibiofilm effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interactions of HGF and oral multispecies biofilms with Ca, Mg and Si-containing bredigite (BRT, Ca7MgSi4O16) bioceramics. BRT extract induced osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of HGF and its inhibition of plaque biofilm formation were systematically studied. BRT extract in concentrations lower than <200 mg mL(-1) presented high biocompatibility to HGF cells in 3 days. Ion extracts from BRT also stimulated a series of bone-related gene and protein expressions in HGF cells. Furthermore, BRT extract significantly inhibited oral multispecies plaque biofilm growth on its surface and contributed to over 30% bacterial cell death without additional antibacterial agents in two weeks. A planktonic killing test showed that BRT suppressed 98% plaque bacterial growth compared to blank control in 3 days. The results also revealed that BRT extract has an osteostimulation effect on HGF. The suppression effect on plaque biofilms suggested that BRT might be used as a bioactive material for cervical restoration and that the synergistic effect of bioactive ions, such as Ca, Mg and Si ions, played an important role in the design and construction of bifunctional biomaterials in combination with tissue regeneration and antibiofilm activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z3. markush@dentistry.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zhejun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yinghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chengtie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D025021:Cementogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase