title: Biological and Tribological Assessment of Poly(Ethylene Oxide Terephthalate)/Poly(Butylene Terephthalate), Polycaprolactone, and Poly (L\DL) Lactic Acid Plotted Scaffolds for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration.
abstract: Additive manufactured scaffolds are fabricated from three commonly used biomaterials, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (L\DL) lactic acid (P(L\DL)LA), and poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT). Scaffolds are compared biologically and tribologically. Cell-seeded PEOT/PBT scaffolds cultured in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation media show statistical significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/DNA and glycosaminoglycans (GAG)/DNA ratios, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA scaffolds, respectively. The tribological performance is assessed by determining the friction coefficients of the scaffolds at different loads and sliding velocities. With increasing load or decreasing sliding velocity, the friction coefficient value decreases. PEOT/PBT show to have the lowest friction coefficient value, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA. The influence of the scaffold architecture is further determined with PEOT/PBT. Reducing of the fiber spacing results in a lower friction coefficient value. The best and the worst performing scaffold architecture are chosen to investigate the effect of cell culture on the friction coefficient. Matrix deposition is low in the cell-seeded scaffolds and the effect is, therefore, undetermined. Taken together, our studies show that PEOT/PBT scaffolds support better skeletal differentiation of seeded stromal cells and lower friction coefficient compared to PCL and P(L/DL)A scaffolds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilhelmus J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hendrikson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Xiangqiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rouwkema
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands.|Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Clemens A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Blitterswijk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands.|TNO, Eindhoven, 5600, HE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands.|Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moroni
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D017276:Friction; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000378:metabolism; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C072932:polyethylene oxide-polybutylene terephthalate copolymer; C016240:polycaprolactone; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C033616:poly(lactide); D004247:DNA; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: P(L\DL)LA; PCL; PEOT/PBT; friction coefficient; scaffold architecture