title: Blood pressure and all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recommended goal for blood pressure (BP) control has recently been adjusted for people with diabetes, but the optimal BP control range for the diabetic population is still uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective cohort study of 35,261 patients with type 2 diabetes. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the association of BP with all-cause mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up period of 8.7 years, 4199 deaths were identified. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause mortality associated with different levels of systolic/diastolic BP (<110/65, 110-119/65-69, 120-129/70-80, 130-139/80-90 [reference group], 140-159/90-100, and ≥160/100 mmHg) were 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-2.04), 1.26 (95% CI 1.07-1.50), 0.99 (95% CI 0.86-1.12), 1.00, 0.92 (95% CI 0.82-1.03), and 1.10 (95% CI 0.98-1.23) using baseline BP measurements, and 2.62 (95% CI 2.00-3.44), 1.77 (95% CI 1.51-2.09), 1.22 (95% CI 1.09-1.36), 1.00, 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-1.00), and 0.98 (95% CI 0.86-1.12) using an updated mean value of BP during follow-up, respectively. The U-shaped associations were confirmed in both African American and white patients, in both men and women, in those who were or were not taking antihypertensive drugs, and in patients aged 30-49 years and 50-59 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study found a U-shaped association between BP at baseline and during follow-up and the risk of all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Weiqin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Katzmarzyk
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horswell
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State University Health Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. Electronic address: gang.hu@pbrc.edu.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: All-cause mortality; Blood pressure; Cohort study; Type 2 diabetes