title: Porous silicon membrane-modified electrodes for label-free voltammetric detection of MS2 bacteriophage.
abstract: A proof of concept for the label-free detection of bacteriophage MS2, a model indicator of microbiological contamination, is validated in this work as a porous silicon (pSi) membrane-based electrochemical biosensor. PSi membranes were used to afford nanochannel architectures. The sensing mechanism was based on the nanochannel blockage caused by MS2 binding to immobilized capture antibodies. This blockage was quantified by measuring the oxidation current of the electroactive species reaching the electrode surface, by means of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The immunosensor showed a limit of detection of 6 pfu/mL in buffer, allowing the detection of MS2 to levels commonly found in real-world applications, and proved to be unaffected by matrix effects when analyzing MS2 in reservoir water. This platform enables the straightforward, direct and sensitive detection of a broad range of target analytes and constitutes a promising approach towards the development of portable electronic point of sample analysis devices.
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Nekane
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reta
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia; School of Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michelmore
authors.affiliation: Centre for Water Management and Re-use, School of Natural & Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5001, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia. Electronic address: beatriz.prietosimon@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prieto-Simón
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia. Electronic address: nico.voelcker@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nicolas H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Voelcker
mesh_terms: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D017909:Levivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016062:Porosity
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized
keywords: Electrochemical immunoassay; Label free; MS2 bacteriophage; Nanochannel blockage; Porous silicon