title: Endurance and Resistance Training Affect High Fat Diet-Induced Increase of Ceramides, Inflammasome Expression, and Systemic Inflammation in Mice.
abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects of differentiated exercise regimes on high fat-induced metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Mice were fed a standard diet (ST) or a high fat diet (HFD) and subjected to regular endurance training (ET) or resistance training (RT). After 10 weeks body weight, glucose tolerance, fatty acids (FAs), circulating ceramides, cytokines, and immunological mediators were determined. The HFD induced a significant increase in body weight and a disturbed glucose tolerance (p < 0.05). An increase of plasma FA, ceramides, and inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue and serum was found (p < 0.05). Both endurance and resistance training decreased body weight (p < 0.05) and reduced serum ceramides (p < 0.005). While RT attenuated the increase of NLRP-3 (RT) expression in adipose tissue, ET was effective in reducing TNF-α and IL-18 expression. Furthermore, ET reduced levels of MIP-1γ, while RT decreased levels of IL-18, MIP-1γ, Timp-1, and CD40 in serum (p < 0.001), respectively. Although both exercise regimes improved glucose tolerance (p < 0.001), ET was more effective than RT. These results suggest that exercise improves HFD-induced complications possibly through a reduction of ceramides, the reduction of inflammasome activation in adipose tissues, and a systemic downregulation of inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mardare
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liebisch
authors.affiliation: Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seimetz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ringseis
authors.affiliation: Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weissmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank-Christoph
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Mooren
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002518:Ceramides / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010807:Physical Endurance; D055070:Resistance Training; D051102:Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D051049:Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002518:Ceramides; D016207:Cytokines; D058847:Inflammasomes; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C492716:Nlrp3 protein, mouse; C000599817:CERS4 protein, mouse; D051049:Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase; D051102:Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase; C495090:Sptlc2 protein, mouse