title: Follicular fluorescence quantity to characterize acne severity: a validation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Porphyrins are native fluorophores in the follicle openings, visible under ultraviolet-A light. Acne severity might be associated with increased Propionibacterium acnes colonization and porphyrin production. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the parameter fluorescence quantity can be used to measure acne severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validation study was conducted in 24 patients with acne using split-face design. Acne severity was measured using Investigator Static Global Assessment scores and lesion counts. Reliability, construct validity and sensitivity to change in fluorescence quantity were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline Investigator Static Global Assessment score was 2.7 (SD 0.1). Mean baseline fluorescence quantities were 24.8 (SD 4.0) on the cheek and 20.3 (SD 4.6) on the chin. On day 25, values ranged from 6.0 (SD 6.0) to 18.1 (SD 18.4) on the cheek and from 2.6 (SD 4.4) to 14.7 (SD 16.2) on the chin. The intraclass correlation coefficients of fluorescence quantity ranged from 0.513 to 0.987. Effect sizes for fluorescence measurements were highest on the chin and cheek ranging from 0.24 to 0.77 and 0.32 to 0.75, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescence quantity indicates acne severity, especially on the inner cheek and chin areas. Fluorescence quantity is reliable but is not as sensitive as manual lesion counting.
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany. claudia.richter@charite.de.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-7982
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trojahn
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dobos
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Blume-Peytavi
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kottner
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011166:Porphyrins
keywords: acne; fluorescence; imaging; reliability; sebum; validity