title: Prognostic Indications of Elevated MCT4 and CD147 across Cancer Types: A Meta-Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolism in the tumor microenvironment can play a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor aggression. Metabolic coupling may occur between tumor compartments; this phenomenon can be prognostically significant and may be conserved across tumor types. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play an integral role in cellular metabolism via lactate transport and have been implicated in metabolic synergy in tumors. The transporters MCT1 and MCT4 are regulated via expression of their chaperone, CD147.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a meta-analysis of existing publications on the relationship between MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 expression and overall survival and disease-free survival in cancer, using hazard ratios derived via multivariate Cox regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased MCT4 expressions in the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells, or stromal cells were all associated with decreased overall survival and decreased disease-free survival (p < 0.001 for all analyses). Increased CD147 expression in cancer cells was associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival (p < 0.0001 for both analyses). Few studies were available on MCT1 expression; MCT1 expression was not clearly associated with overall or disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCT4 and CD147 expression correlate with worse prognosis across many cancer types. These results warrant further investigation of these associations.
authors.affiliation: Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Cory D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bovenzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tassone
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cognetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luginbuhl
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Madalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuluc
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Voichita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bar-Ad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Ubaldo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Martinez-Outschoorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Curry
mesh_terms: D051926:Basigin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D027981:Symporters / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1
chemical_list: D051926:Basigin; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D027981:Symporters; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1; C497886:BSG protein, human; C406962:SLC16A4 protein, human