title: Insertion compounds and composites made by ball milling for advanced sodium-ion batteries.
abstract: Sodium-ion batteries have been considered as potential candidates for stationary energy storage because of the low cost and wide availability of Na sources. However, their future commercialization depends critically on control over the solid electrolyte interface formation, as well as the degree of sodiation at the positive electrode. Here we report an easily scalable ball milling approach, which relies on the use of metallic sodium, to prepare a variety of sodium-based alloys, insertion layered oxides and polyanionic compounds having sodium in excess such as the Na4V2(PO4)2F3 phase. The practical benefits of preparing sodium-enriched positive electrodes as reservoirs to compensate for sodium loss during solid electrolyte interphase formation are demonstrated by assembling full C/P'2-Na1[Fe0.5Mn0.5]O2 and C/'Na3+xV2(PO4)2F3' sodium-ion cells that show substantial increases (>10%) in energy storage density. Our findings may offer electrode design principles for accelerating the development of the sodium-ion technology.
authors.affiliation: Chimie du Solide-Energie, FRE 3677, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, Cedex 05 75231, France.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens 80039, France.|ALISTORE-European Research Institute, Amiens 80039, France.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Chimie du Solide-Energie, FRE 3677, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, Cedex 05 75231, France.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens 80039, France.|ALISTORE-European Research Institute, Amiens 80039, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.affiliation: Chimie du Solide-Energie, FRE 3677, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, Cedex 05 75231, France.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens 80039, France.|ALISTORE-European Research Institute, Amiens 80039, France.|Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris F-75005, France.
authors.forename: Gwenaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rousse
authors.affiliation: Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens 80039, France.|ALISTORE-European Research Institute, Amiens 80039, France.|University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT CNRS UMR 5085, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, Cedex 09 31062, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rozier
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium.|Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia.
authors.forename: Artem M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abakumov
authors.affiliation: Chimie du Solide-Energie, FRE 3677, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, Cedex 05 75231, France.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens 80039, France.|ALISTORE-European Research Institute, Amiens 80039, France.|Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris F-75005, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tarascon