title: Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Its Association with Virulence Genes Related to Adherence, Invasion, and Cytotoxicity in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates from Animals, Meat, and Humans.
abstract: The aim of this research was to statistically analyze the association between antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance to erythromycine, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline and 11 virulence genes associated with adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity in 528 isolates of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni obtained from retail meat and fecal samples from food-producing animals and human patients. A high percentage of Campylobacter strains were resistant to antimicrobials, specifically ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Moreover, we observed a wide distribution of virulence genes within the analyzed strains. C. jejuni strains were more susceptible to antimicrobials, and showed greater number of virulence genes than C. coli strains. Genes related to invasion capability, such as racR, ciaB, and pldA, were associated with antimicrobial-susceptible strains in both species. The genes cdtA and dnaJ, a citotoxin unit and an adherence-related gene, respectively, were associated with antimicrobial-resistant strains in both species. In conclusion, Campylobacter strains show a statistically significant association between antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence genes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lapierre
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gatica
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riquelme
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Constanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yañez
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: San Martín
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sáenz
authors.affiliation: 2 Environmental Health Department, Ministry of Health of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Maricel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: 3 Environmental Health Department, Public Health Institute of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: María Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: 4 Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Araya
authors.affiliation: 4 Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: 4 Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Duery
authors.affiliation: 5 Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vidal
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014422:Turkeys; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004917:Erythromycin; D013752:Tetracycline