title: Phosphorus recovery as struvite from farm, municipal and industrial waste: Feedstock suitability, methods and pre-treatments.
abstract: Global population growth requires intensification of agriculture, for which a sustainable supply of phosphorus (P) is essential. Since natural P reserves are diminishing, recovering P from wastes and residues is an increasingly attractive prospect, particularly as technical and economic potential in the area is growing. In addition to providing phosphorus for agricultural use, precipitation of P from waste residues and effluents lessens their nutrient loading prior to disposal. This paper critically reviews published methods for P recovery from waste streams (municipal, farm and industrial) with emphasis on struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallisation, including pre-treatments to maximise recovery. Based on compositional parameters of a range of wastes, a Feedstock Suitability Index (FSI) was developed as a guide to inform researchers and operators of the relative potential for struvite production from each waste.
authors.affiliation: Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India. Electronic address: sam_kat@tezu.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Sampriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kataki
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India. Electronic address: baruahd@tezu.ernet.in.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Baruah
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis; D000069877:Struvite / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D062611:Solid Waste; D010758:Phosphorus; D000069877:Struvite
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Pre-treatments; Struvite