title: The current status of heart failure diagnostic biomarkers.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 23 million individuals worldwide and this number is increasing, due to an aging and growing population. Early detection of HF is crucial in the management of this debilitating disease. Current diagnostic methods for HF rely heavily on clinical imaging techniques and blood analysis, which makes them less than ideal for population-based screening purposes. Studies focusing on developing novel biomarkers for HF have utilized various techniques and biological fluids, including urine and saliva. Promising results from these studies imply that these body fluids can be used in evaluating the clinical manifestation of HF and will one day be integrated into a clinical workflow and facilitate HF management.
authors.affiliation: a The School of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: a The School of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Chamindie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Punyadeera
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker; Cardiovascular disease; Diagnostic; Heart Failure; Mass Spectrometry; saliva