title: Microbial Methane Production Associated with Carbon Steel Corrosion in a Nigerian Oil Field.
abstract: Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in oil field pipeline systems can be attributed to many different types of hydrogenotrophic microorganisms including sulfate reducers, methanogens and acetogens. Samples from a low temperature oil reservoir in Nigeria were analyzed using DNA pyrotag sequencing. The microbial community compositions of these samples revealed an abundance of anaerobic methanogenic archaea. Activity of methanogens was demonstrated by incubating samples anaerobically in a basal salts medium, in the presence of carbon steel and carbon dioxide. Methane formation was measured in all enrichments and correlated with metal weight loss. Methanogens were prominently represented in pipeline solids samples, scraped from the inside of a pipeline, comprising over 85% of all pyrosequencing reads. Methane production was only witnessed when carbon steel beads were added to these pipeline solids samples, indicating that no methane was formed as a result of degradation of the oil organics present in these samples. These results were compared to those obtained for samples taken from a low temperature oil field in Canada, which had been incubated with oil, either in the presence or in the absence of carbon steel. Again, methanogens present in these samples catalyzed methane production only when carbon steel was present. Moreover, acetate production was also found in these enrichments only in the presence of carbon steel. From these studies it appears that carbon steel, not oil organics, was the predominant electron donor for acetate production and methane formation in these low temperature oil fields, indicating that the methanogens and acetogens found may contribute significantly to MIC.
authors.affiliation: Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Jaspreet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mand
authors.affiliation: Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Cormetrics Ltd.Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Hyung S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo Ebonyi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Chuma
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okoro
authors.affiliation: Shell Global Solutions International Rijswijk, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lomans
authors.affiliation: Shell Nigeria Exploration and Petroleum Company Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Seun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiejina
authors.affiliation: Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Voordouw
keywords: acetogen; biofilms; methanogen; microbial community; microbially influenced corrosion; pyrosequencing