title: When's dinner? Does timing of dinner affect the cardiometabolic risk profiles of South-Asian Canadians at risk for diabetes.
abstract: To explore the relationship between the time dinner is consumed (dinnertime or timing of dinner) and cardiometabolic risk factors among South-Asian Canadians at risk for diabetes.
  
  
  
  We recruited 432 South-Asian adults affiliated with Sikh and Hindu Temples in Metro Vancouver. Participants deemed to be at risk of diabetes underwent a clinical and behavioural assessment. Dinnertime was measured via self-report. Clinical endpoints included HbA1c, apolipoprotein, blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference.
  
  
  
  The mean age of participants was 65 years and 59% were male. Dinnertime was categorized into three groups: early (before 18:00 h); average (18:00 to 20:00 h); and late (later than 20:00 h). Among the participants, 19% (n = 79), 44% (n = 187) and 37% (n = 157) reported early, average and late dinnertimes, respectively. Significant differences were found for dinnertime groups and years of residence in Canada, gender and employment. Compared with the early dinnertime group, the late dinnertime group lived in Canada for a shorter duration, comprised a higher proportion of males (66 vs 48%; P = 0.01) and were currently employed (37 vs 22%; P = 0.02). With regard to clinical endpoints, compared with the early dinnertime group, the late dinnertime group had lower systolic blood pressure (135.9 vs 131.7 mmHg; P = 0.03). After controlling for demographic characteristics, this difference was diminished. No significant differences were found between dinnertime and HbA1c, apolipoprotein, diastolic blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference.
  
  
  
  Findings suggest that, among this sample of South-Asian Canadians at risk of Type 2 diabetes, there was no association between timing of the evening meal and cardiometabolic profiles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism; D001211:Asia, Western / Q000208:ethnology; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human