title: Virus-based nanoparticles as platform technologies for modern vaccines.
abstract: Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the development of vaccines and immunotherapies. Viruses have played a key role in this field because they can function as prefabricated nanoscaffolds with unique properties that are easy to modify. Viruses are immunogenic via multiple pathways, and antigens displayed naturally or by engineering on the surface can be used to create vaccines against the cognate virus, other pathogens, specific molecules or cellular targets such as tumors. This review focuses on the development of virus-based nanoparticle systems as vaccines indicated for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases, chronic diseases, cancer, and addiction. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:554-578. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1383 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Karin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: TRM Ltd, York, UK.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Twyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiering
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.|Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH, USA.|Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH, USA.|Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines