title: Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using a probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 and their antibiofilm activity and toxicity effects in Ceriodaphnia cornuta.
abstract: In the present study, we synthesized and characterized a probiotic Bacillus licheniformis cell free extract (BLCFE) coated silver nanoparticles (BLCFE-AgNPs). These BLCFE-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, XRD, EDX, FTIR, TEM and AFM. A strong surface plasmon resonance centered at 422 nm in UV-visible spectrum indicates the formation of AgNPs. The XRD spectrum of silver nanoparticles exhibited 2θ values corresponding to the silver nanocrystal. TEM and AFM showed the AgNPs were spherical in shape within the range of 18.69-63.42 nm and the presence of silver was confirmed by EDX analysis. Light and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) images showed a weak adherence and disintegrated biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Dav1 treated with BLCFE-AgNPs compared to control. This result suggests that BLCFE-AgNps may be used for the control of biofilm forming bacterial populations in the biomedical field. In addition, acute toxicity results concluded that BLCFE-AgNPs were less toxic to the fresh water crustacean Ceriodaphnia cornuta (50 μg/ml) when compared to AgNO3 (22 μg/ml). This study also reports a short term analysis (24 h) of uptake and depuration of BLCFE-AgNPs in C. cornuta.
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sathappan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanthi
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Barbanas David
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Jayaseelan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Palaniyandi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velusamy
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sekar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.affiliation: Aqua Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Hseuh-Fu Rd., Nei-Pu Hsiang, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng Ta
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chih
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: vaseeharanb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Baskaralingam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaseeharan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069976:Bacillus licheniformis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002474:Cell-Free System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012834:Silver
keywords: Bacillus licheniformis; Biofilm; Ceriodaphnia cornuta; Silver nanoparticles; Vibrio parahaemolyticus