title: Case-Control Pilot Study of Soft Contact Lens Wearers With Corneal Infiltrative Events and Healthy Controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with soft contact lens (SCL)-related corneal infiltrative events (CIEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-visit, case-control study conducted at five academic centers in North America. Cases were defined as current SCL wearers with a symptomatic CIE. For each case, three age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Subjects completed the Contact Lens Risk Survey (CLRS), a standardized scripted medical interview, supplied a recent health history, and underwent an ocular examination. Microbial culturing of the ocular surface, SCL, and lens storage case was conducted for all cases and one of the three matched controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling were used to assess the risk of developing a CIE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty cases and 90 controls 13 to 31 years of age completed the study. Corneal infiltrative event diagnosis included contact lens-associated red eye, infiltrative keratitis, and contact lens peripheral ulcer. Subjects with symptomatic CIEs were more likely to harbor substantial levels of gram-negative bioburden on the ocular surface and contact lens. Significant risk factors for developing a CIE were overnight wear of SCLs, use of multipurpose solution, rinsing SCLs with water, lens storage case older than 6 months, previous "red eye" event, use of ocular drops in the past week, and illness during the past week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study demonstrated feasibility of enrolling a representative pool of SCL wearers with an untreated, symptomatic CIE and assessing CIE risk factors by using standardized methods. A larger sample size is needed to determine relationships between patient-reported behaviors and exposures, microbial bioburden, and CIE development.
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry State University of New York, New York City, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Richdale
authors.affiliation: Southern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, United States.
authors.forename: Dawn Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States 4College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Aaron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon, United States.
authors.forename: Beth T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Consultant, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Luigina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sorbara
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szczotka-Flynn
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry State University of New York, New York City, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Govindarajulu
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: G Lynn
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult