title: Clinical updates in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease characterized by B or T lineage. Here we cover the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology and therapy for ALL. Additionally, we will discuss the evidence for minimal residual disease assessment, novel molecular targets and newly developed targeted therapies. The separation of ALL into Philadelphia chromosome positive and recently into Philadelphia-like disease represents the most exciting developments in this disease. Finally, the advent of new immunotherapeutic approaches led us to predict that in few years, ALL therapy might be based heavily on non-chemotherapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States. Electronic address: Omarustwani@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Ustwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Hatoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bakhribah
authors.affiliation: Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wetzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Adolescents and young adults; Chimeric antigen receptors; Minimal residual disease; Monoclonal antibodies; Philadelphia chromosome; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors