title: Cerebrospinal fluid velocity amplitudes within the cerebral aqueduct in healthy children and patients with Chiari I malformation.
abstract: To assess the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bidirectional motion in Chiari malformation type I (CMI), we monitored CSF velocity amplitudes on phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) in patients before and after surgery; and in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  
  10 pediatric volunteers and 10 CMI patients participated in this study. CMI patients underwent PC-MRI scans before and approximately 14 months following surgery. Two parameters-amplitude of mean velocity (AMV) and amplitude of peak velocity (APV) of CSF-were derived from the data. Measurements were made at the mid-portion of the cerebral aqueduct, and anterior and posterior compartments of the spinal canal at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ).
  
  
  
  AMV and APV within the cerebral aqueduct were greater in preoperative assessments of the CMI patients compared to normal volunteers. Statistical significance was noted when comparing aqueductal AMV between the preoperative values and normal controls (P = 0.03), and before and after surgery in the CMI patients (P = 0.02). Lower values of AMV (P = 0.02) were noted in the anterior CVJ compartment in the patients before and after surgery when compared to the normal volunteers. There were no significant correlations (P = 0.06) noted for the APV at the CVJ between the normal control and patients, before or after surgery.
  
  
  
  In pediatric CMI patients, AMV for CSF within the cerebral aqueduct and anterior CVJ subarachnoid space are significantly elevated preoperatively and normalize following surgery. Given the biphasic CSF motion, measuring amplitude accounts for cranial and caudal flow. It may offer an alternative parameter to assess postsurgical outcome. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:463-470.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: J Rajiv
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bapuraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Londy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delavari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Cormac O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Hugh J L
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Garton
authors.affiliation: Conquer Chiari Research Center, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
authors.forename: Bryn A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Karin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Muraszko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: El-Sayed H
authors.initials: el-SH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Quint
mesh_terms: D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D002535:Cerebral Aqueduct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Chiari malformation; MRI phase contrast imaging; cerebral aqueduct; cerebrospinal fluid