title: Antibody Levels and Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a 30-Year Follow-up Study and Response to a Booster Dose.
abstract: The duration of protection in children and adults resulting from hepatitis B vaccination is unknown. In 1981, we immunized a cohort of 1578 Alaska Native adults and children from 15 Alaska communities aged ≥6 months using 3 doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine.
  
  
  
  Persons were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels 30 years after receiving the primary series. Those with levels <10 mIU/mL received 1 booster dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine 2-4 weeks later and were then evaluated on the basis of anti-HBs measurements 30 days after the booster.
  
  
  
  Among 243 persons (56%) who responded to the original primary series but received no subsequent doses during the 30-year period, 125 (51%) had an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL. Among participants with anti-HBs levels <10 mIU/mL who were available for follow-up, 75 of 85 (88%) responded to a booster dose with an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 days. Initial anti-HBs level after the primary series was correlated with higher anti-HBs levels at 30 years.
  
  
  
  Based on anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 years and an 88% booster dose response, we estimate that ≥90% of participants had evidence of protection 30 years later. Booster doses are not needed.
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruden
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hurlburt
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zanis
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toomey
authors.affiliation: Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Townshend-Bulson
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bulkow
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Spradling
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000413:Alaska; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active / Q000276:immunology*; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines
keywords: 30 years; Alaska; Alaska Native; US; anti-HBs; antibody; cohort; hepatitis B; immunogenicity; plasma-derived vaccine