title: The Structure Of Self-Reported Difficulty In Assertiveness: An Application Of Three-Mode Common Factor Analysis.
abstract: The Difficulty in Assertiveness Inventory (DAI) was developed, based on a two-facet model of assertiveness for item specification -- referents (interpersonal contexts or partners) x response classes (types of assertive behavior). Data from two samples of female university students were subjected to three-mode factor analysis. Two referent, two response class, and five individual differences factors were extracted. The proportion of variance accounted for by each factor matched across solutions. The patterns of factor loadings indicated that the two referent factors (distant and close), the two response class factors (positive and negative), and four of the five individual differences factors (labeled Assertiveness A, B, C, and D) were stable across subject samples. Solutions for the individual differences factor matrix and the counter-rotated and transformed core matrix were reciprocally beneficial to interpretation of the structure of the data. Correlations of DAI subscales with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale were not significantly different from zero. The potential uses of the instrument in applied research and in the clinical setting were discussed.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leah
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Snyder