title: Postoperative pain management in Latino families: parent beliefs about analgesics predict analgesic doses provided to children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined whether parental perceptions of children's pain impacted home-based pain management following outpatient surgery in a sample of Latino families from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latino parents of children (n = 161) who underwent outpatient surgery were recruited for this study and completed measures assessing attitudes on pain and analgesic use (Parental Pain Expression Perceptions and Medication Attitudes Questionnaire) before their child's surgery. Parents also rated their child's pain after their child's surgery using the Parent Postoperative Pain Measure and collected data on the amount of analgesics they gave to their child on the first postoperative day. Hierarchical regression analyses examined whether parental attitudes predicted pain assessment and management at home.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A majority of parents reported multiple misconceptions regarding children's pain and fears of side effects as well as avoidance of analgesic use. For example, over 80% reported believing that a child always tells their parents when they are in pain. Hierarchical regression analyses found that more fear and avoidance regarding analgesic use for children's pain predicted parents providing fewer doses of analgesic to their children on the first postoperative day (β = -0.21, P = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative parents' beliefs regarding analgesics for treatment of children's pain may adversely impact parent postoperative analgesic administration at home in Latino families.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.|Department of Pediatric Psychology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alvina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.|Department of Pediatric Psychology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.affiliation: Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.|Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.|Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Zeev N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Hispanic; adolescents; ambulatory surgery; health disparities