title: Target identification by image analysis.
abstract: Covering: 1997 to the end of 2015Each biologically active compound induces phenotypic changes in target cells that are characteristic for its mode of action. These phenotypic alterations can be directly observed under the microscope or made visible by labelling structural elements or selected proteins of the cells with dyes. A comparison of the cellular phenotype induced by a compound of interest with the phenotypes of reference compounds with known cellular targets allows predicting its mode of action. While this approach has been successfully applied to the characterization of natural products based on a visual inspection of images, recent studies used automated microscopy and analysis software to increase speed and to reduce subjective interpretation. In this review, we give a general outline of the workflow for manual and automated image analysis, and we highlight natural products whose bacterial and eucaryotic targets could be identified through such approaches.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. mark.broenstrup@helmholtz-hzi.de florenz.sasse@helmholtz-hzi.de and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany and School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fetz
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. mark.broenstrup@helmholtz-hzi.de florenz.sasse@helmholtz-hzi.de.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prochnow
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. mark.broenstrup@helmholtz-hzi.de florenz.sasse@helmholtz-hzi.de and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brönstrup
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. mark.broenstrup@helmholtz-hzi.de florenz.sasse@helmholtz-hzi.de.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sasse
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products