title: Functional MRI of emotional memory in adolescent depression.
abstract: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Mood-congruent biases in memory tasks are frequently reported in MDD patients, with facilitated memory for negative stimuli. Most functional MRI studies to date have examined the neural correlates of these biases in depressed adults, with fewer studies in adolescents with MDD. Investigation of MDD in adolescence may aid greater understanding of the aetiology and development of the disorder.
  
  
  
  Cognitive biases were investigated in 56 MDD patients aged 11-17 years and a matched group of 30 healthy control participants with a self-referential memory task. Behavioural performance and BOLD fMRI data were collected during both encoding and retrieval stages.
  
  
  
  The neural response to encoding in adolescents with MDD was found to differ significantly from controls. Additionally, neural responses during encoding and retrieval showed differential relationships with age between patient and control groups, specifically in medial, temporal, and prefrontal regions.
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that during adolescence neurophysiological activity associated with emotional memory differs in those with depression compared to controls and may be age sensitive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: rh465@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rosemary J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Julia M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Kirstie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Cindy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Cinly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Paul O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.affiliation: Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Adrienne O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: van Nieuwenhuizen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Belinda R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lennox
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sahakian
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK; MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Goodyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Bullmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suckling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Adolescence; Depression; Emotion; Memory; fMRI