title: Effect of low or high glycemic load diets on experimentally induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.
abstract: High glycemic load diets have been associated with increased breast cancer risk in population-based studies, but the evidence is mixed. This investigation determined whether diets differing in glycemic load affected the carcinogenic process using a preclinical model.
  
  
  
  Human diets, formulated to differ 2-fold in glycemic load, were evaluated in the 1-methyl-nitrosourea-induced (37.5 mg/kg) mammary carcinogenesis model. Cancer incidence (23.3 versus 50.0%, p = 0.032), multiplicity, (0.40 versus 1.03, p = 0.030) and burden, (0.62 versus 1.19 g/rat, p = 0.037) were reduced in the low versus high glycemic load diets, respectively. However, the low glycemic protective effect was attenuated when two purified diets that differed in resistant starch and simulated the glycemic effects of the human diets were fed. Protection was associated with alterations in markers of cell growth regulation.
  
  
  
  Our findings show that human low or high glycemic load dietary patterns differentially affect the carcinogenic response in a nondiabetic rodent model for breast cancer. However, factors that are associated with these patterns, in addition to dietary carbohydrate availability, appear to account for the differences observed.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Johanna W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: McGinley
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Neil
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McTiernan
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds; C026466:diethylmethylnitrosourea
keywords: Cell growth regulation; Glycemic load; Mammary carcinogenesis; Resistant starch