title: Development of deformable moving lung phantom to simulate respiratory motion in radiotherapy.
abstract: Radiation treatment requires high accuracy to protect healthy organs and destroy the tumor. However, tumors located near the diaphragm constantly move during treatment. Respiration-gated radiotherapy has significant potential for the improvement of the irradiation of tumor sites affected by respiratory motion, such as lung and liver tumors. To measure and minimize the effects of respiratory motion, a realistic deformable phantom is required for use as a gold standard. The purpose of this study was to develop and study the characteristics of a deformable moving lung (DML) phantom, such as simulation, tissue equivalence, and rate of deformation. The rate of change of the lung volume, target deformation, and respiratory signals were measured in this study; they were accurately measured using a realistic deformable phantom. The measured volume difference was 31%, which closely corresponds to the average difference in human respiration, and the target movement was - 30 to + 32mm. The measured signals accurately described human respiratory signals. This DML phantom would be useful for the estimation of deformable image registration and in respiration-gated radiotherapy. This study shows that the developed DML phantom can exactly simulate the patient׳s respiratory signal and it acts as a deformable 4-dimensional simulation of a patient׳s lung with sufficient volume change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary׳s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngkyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Inchoen St. Mary׳s Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hunjoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Field Robot R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 426-910, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sanghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungkwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 612-896, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary׳s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hongseok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary׳s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ynkang33@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Youngnam
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009038:Motion; D016544:Patient Simulation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012119:Respiration; D013990:Tidal Volume
keywords: Deformable moving lung phantom; Image registration; Lung simulation