title: Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis via shifting macrophages from M1 to M2 subtype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present study, we investigated the immuno-regulatory and therapeutic effects of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate (BBIC) on experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an animal model of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in human.
  
  
  METHODS
  EAN in Lewis rats induced by inoculation with peripheral nerve myelin P0 protein peptide 180-199 (P0 peptide) was treated with BBIC at two different therapeutic regimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data indicated that the administration of BBIC daily orally effectively inhibited and ameliorated the clinical and pathological signs of EAN. The suppression of EAN was associated with an insufficiency of autoreactive T cells, as reflected by inhibited P0 peptide-specific mononuclear cell proliferation and decreased in CD4 and CD8T cells infiltrating into the peripheral nervous system (PNS). BBIC might mediate its therapeutic effects by shifting macrophages from M1 to M2 subtype as evidenced by increasing Arg-1, CD206 and IL-10 and inhibiting IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, iNOS and CD40 expressions on macrophages as well as enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 in the PNS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that BBIC may have therapeutic potential in human GBS and other autoimmune diseases in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hernan Concha
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Quezada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Jie.Zhu@ki.se.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China. Electronic address: zhuwei30000@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009444:Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013025:Glycine max / Q000276:immunology; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D014358:Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014358:Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean
keywords: Bowman–Birk inhibitor concentrate; Experimental autoimmune neuritis; Guillain–Barré syndrome; M1/M2 cells; Macrophage