title: Phosphorus, and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for real-time measurement of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species inside macrophages.
abstract: Phosphorus and nitrogen doped carbon dots (PN-CDs) were conveniently prepared by carbonization of adenosine-5'-triphosphate using a hydrothermal treatment. The PN-CDs with P/C atomic ratio of ca. 9.2/100 emit blue luminescence with high quantum yields of up to 23.5%. The PN-CDs were used as a novel sensing platform for live cell imaging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including ClO(-), ONOO(-), and NO in macrophages. The nanosensor design is based on our new finding that the strong fluorescence of the PN-CDs can be sensitively and selectively quenched by ROS and RNS both in vitro and in vivo. These results reveal that the PN-CDs can serve as a sensitive sensor for rapid imaging of ROS and RNS signaling with high selectivity and contrast.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: wenyang@bit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: zhangxl@bit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000032:analysis*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP); Carbon dots; Cell imaging; Fluorescent probe; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS); Real-time measurement