title: Real-time tracking mitochondrial dynamic remodeling with two-photon phosphorescent iridium (III) complexes.
abstract: Mitochondrial fission and fusion control the shape, size, number, and function of mitochondria in the cells of organisms from yeast to mammals. The disruption of mitochondrial fission and fusion is involved in severe human diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, metabolic diseases, and cancers. Agents that can real-time track the mitochondrial dynamics are of great importance. However, the short excitation wavelengths and rapidly photo-bleaching properties of commercial mitochondrial dyes render them unsuitable for tracking mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, mitochondrial targeting agents that exhibit superior photo-stability under continual light irradiation, deep tissue penetration and at intrinsically high three-dimensional resolutions are urgently needed. Two-photon-excited compounds employ low-energy near-infrared light and have emerged as a non-invasive tool for real-time cell imaging. Here, cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes (Ir1-Ir5) are demonstrated as one- and two-photon phosphorescent probes for the real-time imaging and tracking of mitochondrial fission and fusion. The results indicate that Ir2 is well suited for two-photon phosphorescent tracking of mitochondrial fission and fusion in living cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This study provides a practical use for mitochondrial targeting two-photon phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes.
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Huaiyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Pingyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Kangqiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: JiaJie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiankang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Liangnian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China. Electronic address: jglong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China. Electronic address: ceschh@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000378:metabolism; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D034281:Dynamins / Q000378:metabolism; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007495:Iridium / Q000378:metabolism*; D049408:Luminescent Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D063154:Mitochondrial Dynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D017785:Photons; D051381:Rats; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D049408:Luminescent Agents; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D007495:Iridium; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C415198:OPA1 protein, human; D034281:Dynamins; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: Fission; Fusion; Iridium(III) complex; Mitochondria; Real-time tracking; Two-photon