title: Shock wave treatment enhances endothelial proliferation via autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Extracorporeal cardiac shock wave (SW) therapy is an effective, safe, and non-invasive therapeutic strategy for severe coronary artery disease. Shock wave therapy might affect cardiac tissues because of its ability to promote angiogenesis. In this report, we investigated if the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by SW therapy is involved in cell proliferation in cultured endothelial cells. After human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with SW, the expression and secretion of VEGF as well as cell proliferation were analyzed. We also determined the mechanism underlying SW-induced the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) using western blotting. Our results demonstrated that SW treatment induced VEGF expression in endothelial cells in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1-independent manner. Up-regulation of VEGF expression led to an increase in its concentration in the cultured medium. The autocrine VEGF in the medium activated the ERK MAPK signaling, which in turn enhanced cell proliferation. Therefore, we concluded that VEGF mediates SW application-induced endothelial cell proliferation in a cell-autonomous manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C478783:ZM323881; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one