title: Near and intermediate reading performance of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens using a reading desk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate reading performance of a trifocal intra-ocular lens (IOL) at near and intermediate distances using the Salzburg Reading Desk.
  
  
  METHODS
  International Vision Correction Research Centre and David J. Apple Laboratory, University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up examinations at a minimum of 3 months postoperatively included uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected (DCIVA)) intermediate as well as uncorrected (UNVA) and distance-corrected (DCNVA) near visual acuity. Uncorrected and distance-corrected reading acuity at 40 cm for near, 80 cm for intermediate distance, and at the patient's preferred near and intermediate distances were evaluated with the reading desk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 22 eyes of 11 patients having cataract surgery with implantation of the trifocal Finevision IOL were evaluated. Postoperative monocular Snellen median values were 20/21.44 (range 20/52.61 to 20/14.49) for UDVA, 20/20.47 (range 20/38.11 to 20/16.64) for UIVA, and 20/26.39 (range 20/43.76 to 20/18.24) for UNVA. Subjective intermediate distance at the binocular uncorrected examination on the reading desk was 64.2 cm (range 51.9 to 80.0) with a reading acuity of 0.10 logMAR (range 0.32 to 0.00). Subjective near distance at the uncorrected binocular reading desk examination was 36.5 cm (30.8 to 41.2) with a near reading acuity of 0.06 logMAR (range 0.23 to -0.01). The preferred distances differed significantly from the fixed ones of 40 and 80 cm. The preferred intermediate distance was almost consistent, with the intermediate addition of 1.75 D corresponding to 57.1 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The visual and reading function of the trifocal IOL was better at the patient's preferred near and intermediate distances.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
authors.affiliation: From International Vision Correction Research Centre and David J. Apple Laboratory, University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mary S A
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: From International Vision Correction Research Centre and David J. Apple Laboratory, University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: gerd.auffarth@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Gerd U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Auffarth
authors.affiliation: From International Vision Correction Research Centre and David J. Apple Laboratory, University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khoramnia
authors.affiliation: From International Vision Correction Research Centre and David J. Apple Laboratory, University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linz
authors.affiliation: From International Vision Correction Research Centre and David J. Apple Laboratory, University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian T A
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kretz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011932:Reading; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology