title: Positive Effects of a Stress Reduction Program Based on Mindfulness Meditation in Brazilian Nursing Professionals: Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mindfulness meditation has been shown to effectively mitigate the negative effects of stress among nursing professionals, but in countries like Brazil, these practices are relatively unexplored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a Stress Reduction Program (SRP) including mindfulness and loving kindness meditation among nursing professionals working in a Brazilian hospital setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot study with a mixed model using quantitative and qualitative methods was used to evaluate a group of participants. The quantitative data were analyzed at three different time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. The qualitative data were analyzed at post-intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital São Paulo (Brazil).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample 13 nursing professionals, including nurses, technicians, and nursing assistants working in a hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent mindfulness and loving kindness meditation during a period of six weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment, and Work Stress Scale (WSS). Qualitative data were collected via a group interview following six weeks participation in the SRP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quantitative analyses revealed a significant reduction (P < .05) between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores for perceived stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety (trait). These variables showed no significant differences between post-intervention and follow-up scores. The WHOQOL-BREF revealed significant increase (P < .05) just in the physical and psychological domains at post-intervention scores, which remained at the follow-up. Qualitative results showed improvement in the reactivity to inner experience; a more attentive perception of internal and external experiences; greater attention and awareness of actions and attitudes at every moment; and a positive influence of the SRP in nursing activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Borges, Lagoa, no. 570, Vila Clementino, CEP: 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Teresa Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, CEP: 05601-901 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua, Napoleão de Barros, 925/701, CEP: 04024-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ehkozasa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elisa Harumi
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kozasa
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 754, CEP: 04023-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro Integrado de Humanização da Santa Casa de Araraquara, Av. José Bonifácio, 794, Centro, CEP: 14801-150 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabel Sampaio
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Carmagnani
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 754, CEP: 04023-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Hiromi
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, CEP: 05601-901 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Shirley Silva
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Borges, Lagoa, no. 570, Vila Clementino, CEP: 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Martins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001288:Attention; D001364:Awareness; D001938:Brazil; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Mindfulness; meditation; nurse; quality of life; stress