title: The Uterine Immune Profile May Help Women With Repeated Unexplained Embryo Implantation Failure After In Vitro Fertilization.
abstract: Embryo implantation remains the main limiting factor in assisted reproductive medicine (20% success rate).
  
  
  METHODS
  An endometrial immune profiling was performed among 394 women with the previous history of repeated embryo implantation failures (RIF). The endometrial immune profile documented the ratio of IL-15/Fn-14 mRNA as a biomarker of uNK cell activation/maturation (together with the uNK cell count) and the IL-18/TWEAK mRNA ratio as a biomarker of both angiogenesis and the Th1/Th2 balance. According to their profile, we recommended personalized care to counteract the documented dysregulation and assessed its effects by the live birth rate (LBR) for the next embryo transfer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endometrial immune profiles appeared to be dysregulated in 81.7% of the RIF patients compared to control. Overactivation was diagnosed in 56.6% and low activation in 25%. The LBR among these dysregulated/treated patients at the first subsequent embryo transfer was 39.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometrial immune profiling may improve our understanding of RIF and subsequent LBR if treated.
authors.affiliation: MatriceLAB Innove SARL, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.|Research Center, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR-976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lédée
authors.affiliation: MatriceLAB Innove SARL, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petitbarat
authors.affiliation: MatriceLAB Innove SARL, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chevrier
authors.affiliation: Plateforme de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vitoux
authors.affiliation: MatriceLAB Innove SARL, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vezmar
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR-976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahmati
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR-976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubanchet
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR-976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gahéry
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR-976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bensussan
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR-976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaouat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology; D000074050:TWEAK Receptor; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; C569274:IL15 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019409:Interleukin-15; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D000074050:TWEAK Receptor; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; C118370:interleukin-18 binding protein
keywords: Birth rates; Immunology; Implantation failure; human endometrium; in vitro fertilization; uterine natural killer cells; uterine receptivity