title: Evaluation of 70-150-μm doxorubicin-eluting beads for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the rabbit liver VX2 tumour model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile (PK) and embolization effect of 70-150-μm doxorubicin eluting beads (DEBs) following intra-arterial injection (i.a.) in the rabbit liver VX2 tumour model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this ACUC-approved study, 25 white New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into a small DEB group (SDB, n = 7, 70-150-μm DEBs), large DEB group (LDB, n = 7, 100-300-μm DEBs), untreated controls (n = 7), and doxorubicin controls (n = 4, without tumour, received i.a. 12.5 mg doxorubicin). Plasma PK was assessed up to 180 min post-injection. Drug tissue and liver enzyme levels, radiologic tumor response and histopathologic tumour necrosis were assessed at 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean tumour doxorubicin concentrations were 922.83 nM (SD = 722.05) and 361.48 nM (SD = 473.23) for the SDB and LDB, respectively (p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in tumour doxorubicinol, plasma doxorubicin and doxorubicinol PK values. More beads were observed in the SDB tumours (p = 0.01). Liver enzymes increased and gradually declined over the observation period, with significantly higher values in the SDB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preclinical study, plasma PK of i.a.-injected 70-150-μm DEBs was not different than that of 100-300-μm DEBs. More beads and higher tissue doxorubicin levels were observed in the SDB tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Small and large doxorubicin-eluting beads show similar plasma pharmacokinetic profiles. • Higher tissue doxorubicin levels were observed in the small bead group. • Liver enzymes were overall significantly higher in the small bead group.
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gholamrezanezhad
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208042, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. jeff.geschwind@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Jean-Francois H
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Romaric
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loffroy
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pellerin
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Eleni A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Liapi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: Doxorubicin; Drug-eluting beads, DEBs; Injections, intra-arterial; Liver neoplasms; Microspheres