title: Persistent Urinary Incontinence: A Case Series of Missed Ectopic Ureters.
abstract: Ectopic ureter is a rare cause of urinary incontinence in children. Symptomatic cases are unlikely to resolve spontaneously, and incontinence are often associated with significant psychological impact on these children. This case series of 2 older children with missed ectopic ureters by the urologic community outline workup for persistent urinary incontinence, with emphasis on history, physical, embryology review, and radiographic evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Ectopic ureter; Pediatric incontinence; Urologic imaging