title: Clinical outcomes following laparoscopic management of pT3 renal masses: A large, multi-institutional cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We described the clinical and oncological outcomes of patients treated by laparoscopic surgery for non-metastatic pT3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We queried a multi-institutional database for patients diagnosed with non-metastatic pathological T3 RCC from 13 Canadian centres treated laparoscopically (radical or partial nephrectomy) between 2008 and 2014. Clinical and pathological outcomes were evaluated. Progression was defined as the development of recurrence or metastatic disease. Log-rank testing and Kaplan-Meier statistical methods assessed for differences and estimated progression-free survival (PFS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 176 patients were identified with a median age of 64 years. The median tumour size was 7.0 cm. Pre-clinical stage was cT1 to cT4 in 39%, 28%, 30% and 3%, respectively. The median blood loss was 150 mL (range: 0-6000) and the median operative time was 124 minutes (range: 60-360). Most lesions were clear cell RCC (80%). After a median follow-up of 17.6 months (range: 0.2-75.0), disease progression occurred in 26% (46/176) of patients, consisting of local recurrence in 7% (3/46), and metastatic disease in 93% (43/46). The 3-year PFS was 67%, with a median PFS of 49 months. Of those who progressed, the median time to progression was 10.3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the largest cohort of pT3 RCC patients treated laparoscopically in the literature and suggests that for properly selected patients, laparoscopic management of locally advanced renal masses yields acceptable short-term oncological outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB;; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
authors.forename: Jasmir G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
authors.forename: Premal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bjazevic
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON;
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON;
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saarela
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON;
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS;
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rendon
authors.affiliation: Southern Alberta Institute of Urology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB;
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC;
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanguay
authors.affiliation: The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON;
authors.forename: Rodney H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Breau
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB;
authors.forename: Darrel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Drachenberg