title: The tumour hypoxia induced non-coding transcriptome.
abstract: Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of the non-coding genome in regions of hypoxia in tumours. Such regions are frequently found in solid tumours, and are associated with worse patient survival and therapy resistance. Hypoxia stabilises the transcription factors, hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α) which coordinate transcriptomic changes that occur in hypoxia. The changes in gene expression induced by HIF1α and HIF2α contribute to many of the hallmarks of cancer phenotypes and enable tumour growth, survival and invasion in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate mRNA stability and translation, and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have diverse functions including chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, are also important in enabling the key hypoxia regulated processes. They have roles in the regulation of metabolism, angiogenesis, autophagy, invasion and metastasis in the hypoxic microenvironment. Furthermore, HIF1α and HIF2α expression and stabilisation are also regulated by both miRNAs and lncRNAs. Here we review the recent developments in the expression, regulation and functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs and other non-coding RNA classes in tumour hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choudhry
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK. Electronic address: aharris.lab@imm.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: alan.mcintyre@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human
keywords: Cancer; Hypoxia; Non-coding RNA; lncRNA; miRNA