title: Retinal Cell Degeneration in Animal Models.
abstract: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of various retinal cell degeneration models in animal induced by chemicals (N-methyl-D-aspartate- and CoCl2-induced), autoimmune (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), mechanical stress (optic nerve crush-induced, light-induced) and ischemia (transient retinal ischemia-induced). The target regions, pathology and proposed mechanism of each model are described in a comparative fashion. Animal models of retinal cell degeneration provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of the disease, and will facilitate the development of novel effective therapeutic drugs to treat retinal cell damage.
authors.affiliation: Medical Science Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. mniwa@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. hito7ao@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. akatsuki@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. h_tomita@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Paul.Green@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. ahara@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects
keywords: CoCl2; EAE; NMDA; animal model; ischemia; light-induced; nerve crush; retinal cell degeneration