title: The value of serum creatine kinase in predicting the risk of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying the potential effective factors of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is of major importance for both treatment and logistic concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate the value of creatine kinase (CK) in predicting the risk of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI through meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers searched the electronic databases of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Data regarding study design, patient characteristics, number of cases, mean and screening characteristics of CK, and final patient outcome were extracted from relevant studies. Pooled measures of standardized mean difference, OR, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated using STATA version 11.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5997 non-redundant studies were found (143 potentially relevant). 27 articles met the inclusion criteria but 9 were excluded due to lack of data. The correlation between serum CK and AKI occurrence was stronger in traumatic cases (SMD = 1.34, 95 % CI = 1.25-1.42, I(2) = 94 %; p < 0.001). This correlation was more prominent in crush-induced AKI (adjusted OR = 14.7, 95 % CI = 7.63-28.52, I(2) = 0.0 %; p = 0.001). Area under the ROC curve of CK in predicting AKI occurrence was 0.75 (95 % CI = 0.71-0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this meta-analysis declared the significant role of rhabdomyolysis etiology (traumatic/non-traumatic) in predictive performance of CK. There was a significant correlation between mean CK level and risk of crush-induced AKI. The pooled OR of CK was considerable, but its screening performance characteristics were not desirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousefifard
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baratloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Forouzanfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahmati
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. najafi63800@yahoo.com.|Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar Avenue, Tehran, 14114, Iran. najafi63800@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Najafi
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Creatine kinase; Decision support techniques; Meta-analysis; Rhabdomyolysis