title: Social, familial and psychological risk factors for mood and anxiety disorders in childhood and early adulthood: a birth cohort study using the Danish Registry System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A number of social, familial, and psychological factors have been identified to explain the onset of mood and anxiety disorders among adolescent and young adult populations. The purpose of this study is to identify the shared and unique predictors of anxiety and mood disorders by simultaneously testing a range of established psychosocial risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national birth cohort of the Danish population born in 1984 and tracked over the course of the first 21 years of their life was used in the current study (n = 54,458). Psychosocial risk factors including paternal and maternal history of any anxiety and mood disorder, parental history of self-harming behaviour, advanced paternal age, gender, urban dwelling, economic deprivation, family dissolution, and childhood adversity were used to predict diagnosis of both anxiety and mood disorders from ages 10 to 21 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Binary logistic regression analysis showed that being female and a parental history of a mood or anxiety disorder are the strongest predictors of both disorders. Economic deprivation, and family dissolution also increase likelihood of both disorders. Urban dwelling and childhood adversity are predictors of anxiety disorders but not mood disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Between the ages of 10 and 21 years, anxiety and mood disorders share many common risk factors. However, urban dwelling and childhood adversity appear to be unique predictors of anxiety disorders. Results suggest there is no dominant factor in the prediction of either disorder, rather the accumulation of different risk factors is most deleterious.
authors.affiliation: School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. philip.hyland@ncirl.ie.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.affiliation: Psychology Research Institute, School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shevlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ask
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elklit
authors.affiliation: The Danish National Centre for Social Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mogens
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christoffersen
authors.affiliation: Psychology Research Institute, School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011584:Psychology; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescence; Anxiety disorders; Depression; Mood disorders; Psychosocial risk factors