title: Anti-fatigue effect of Amarkand on endurance exercise capacity in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amarkand tubers are routinely used by many Indian tribes as a specialized food for health and longevity but so far there is no scientific evidence for their activities. Taxonomically, Amarkand belong to genera Eulophia and Dioscorea.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this communication, comparative antifatigue potential of Amarkand was analyzed using forced swimming model in rats and evaluated using biomarkers of physical fatigue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methanol extracts of tubers of D. bulbifera, E. ochreata, E. leghapanensis and bulbils of D. bulbifera exhibited rich polyphenolic content. D. bulbifera bulbils and E. ochreata significantly prolonged the swimming endurance time. Creatine kinase and urea nitrogen were significantly reduced by treatment of D. bulbifera bulbils and E. ochreata as compared to negative control. D. bulbifera bulbils effectively increased creatine (p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.01) and hemoglobin (p < 0.001) compared to negative control. D. bulbifera bulbils and E. ochreata treatments significantly increased glycogen (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and lowered malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001) in muscles and in liver tissue compared to negative control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that a treatment with D. bulbifera bulbils and tubers of E. ochreata facilitates aerobic glucose metabolism and endurance by improving various impairments associated with fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411 043, Maharashtra, India. aarti8528@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aarti N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Narkhede
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411 043, Maharashtra, India. chiritatml@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Suresh D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Jagtap
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411 043, Maharashtra, India. pallavin4u@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pallavi S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nirmal
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411 043, Maharashtra, India. shital.giramkar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shital A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Giramkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411 043, Maharashtra, India. bhagyashrinagarkar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bhagyashri E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Nagarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411 043, Maharashtra, India. ayurom@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Omkar P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411 043, Maharashtra, India. aharsulkar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abhay M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harsulkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027742:Dioscorea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts