title: Offshore produced water management: A review of current practice and challenges in harsh/Arctic environments.
abstract: Increasing offshore oil and gas exploration and development in harsh/Arctic environments require more effective offshore produced water management, as these environments are much more sensitive to changes in water quality than more temperate climates. However, the number and scope of studies of offshore produced water management in harsh/Arctic environments are limited. This paper reviews the current state of offshore produced water management, impacts, and policies, as well as the vulnerability, implications and operational challenges in harsh/Arctic environments. The findings show that the primary contaminant(s) of concern are contained in both the dissolved oil and the dispersed oil. The application of emerging technologies that can tackle this issue is significantly limited by the challenges of offshore operations in harsh/Arctic environments. Therefore, there is a need to develop more efficient and suitable management systems since more stringent policies are being implemented due to the increased vulnerability of harsh/Arctic environments.
authors.affiliation: Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada. Electronic address: jisi.zheng@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Jisi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada. Electronic address: bchen@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Oceanic Consulting Corp., 95 Bonaventure Ave., Suite 401, St. John's, NL A1B 2X5, Canada. Electronic address: worakanok@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Worakanok
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thanyamanta
authors.affiliation: Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada. Electronic address: khawboldt@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawboldt
authors.affiliation: Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada. Electronic address: bzhang@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Baiyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada. Electronic address: bo.liu@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D004777:Environment; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry / Q000592:standards*; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Harsh/Arctic environments; Ocean pollution; Offshore oil and gas; Offshore produced water; Waste management