title: Skp2 inhibits osteogenesis by promoting ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of Runx2.
abstract: Osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation. The activity of Runx2 is tightly regulated at transcriptional as well as post-translational level. However, regulation of Runx2 stability by ubiquitin mediated proteasomal degradation by E3 ubiquitin ligases is little-known. Here, for the first time we demonstrate that Skp2, an SCF family E3 ubiquitin ligase negatively targets Runx2 by promoting its polyubiquitination and proteasome dependent degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Skp2 physically interacts with Runx2 both in a heterologous as well as physiologically relevant system. Functional consequences of Runx2-Skp2 physical interaction were then assessed by promoter reporter assay. We show that Skp2-mediated downregulation of Runx2 led to reduced Runx2 transactivation and osteoblast differentiation. On the contrary, inhibition of Skp2 restored Runx2 levels and promoted osteoblast differentiation. We further show that Skp2 and Runx2 proteins are co-expressed and show inverse relation in vivo such as in lactating, ovariectomized and estrogen-treated ovariectomized animals. Together, these data demonstrate that Skp2 targets Runx2 for ubiquitin mediated degradation and hence negatively regulate osteogenesis. Therefore, the present study provides a plausible therapeutic target for osteoporosis or cleidocranial dysplasia caused by the heterozygous mutation of Runx2 gene.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Gatha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Yogesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Mohd Parvez
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Isha
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra Kumar
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kanaujiya
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lochab
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Shakil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Sabyasachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Naibedya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India. Electronic address: arun3vedi@cdri.res.in.
authors.forename: Arun Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Trivedi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D059748:Proteolysis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: Osteoblast; Osteogenesis; Polyubiquitination; Runx2; Skp2