title: Dietary protein intakes and risk of ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is rising in populations with western-style diet, rich in fat and protein, and low in fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between dietary protein intakes and the risk of developing incident UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty two cases of UC and 124 controls were studied using country-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Group comparisons by each factor were done using χ2 test, and significance level was set at α= 0.05. Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounding variables was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis suggested positive associations between processed meat, red meat and organ meat with risk of ulcerative colitis. Comparing highest versus lowest categories of consumption, multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis accounting for potential confounding variables indicated that patients who consumed a higher amount of processed meat were at a higher risk for developing UC (P value for trend= 0.02). Similarly, patients who consumed higher amounts of red meat were at a higher risk for UC (P value for trend= 0.01). The highest tertile of intake of organ meat was associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis with a statistically significant trend across tertiles (P value for trend= 0.01) when adjusted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case-control study we observed that higher consumptions of processed meat, red meat and organ meat were associated with increased risk for UC.
authors.affiliation: MSc, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. samane.rashvand@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Samaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashvand
authors.affiliation: MD, Tabriz Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mhosseinsina@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Somi
authors.affiliation: MD, PhD, Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rashidkhani@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rashidkhani
authors.affiliation: MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. a_hekmat2000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hekmatdoost
keywords: Diet; Protein; Ulcerative colitis