title: Fixed target matrix for femtosecond time-resolved and in situ serial micro-crystallography.
abstract: We present a crystallography chip enabling in situ room temperature crystallography at microfocus synchrotron beamlines and X-ray free-electron laser (X-FEL) sources. Compared to other in situ approaches, we observe extremely low background and high diffraction data quality. The chip design is robust and allows fast and efficient loading of thousands of small crystals. The ability to load a large number of protein crystals, at room temperature and with high efficiency, into prescribed positions enables high throughput automated serial crystallography with microfocus synchrotron beamlines. In addition, we demonstrate the application of this chip for femtosecond time-resolved serial crystallography at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS, Menlo Park, California, USA). The chip concept enables multiple images to be acquired from each crystal, allowing differential detection of changes in diffraction intensities in order to obtain high signal-to-noise and fully exploit the time resolution capabilities of XFELs.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Building 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Building 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Epp
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Building 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Balo
authors.affiliation: Department of BioSciences, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schotte
authors.affiliation: LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source , Harwell Campus for Science and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg , CFEL, Building 99, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Department of BioSciences, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Anfinrud
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dwayne Miller