title: Effects of chronic administration of adipokinetic and hypertrehalosemic hormone on animal behavior, BDNF, and CREB expression in the hippocampus and neurogenesis in mice.
abstract: Neurosecretory cells in corpus cardiacum of insects synthesize a set of hormones that are called adipokinetic, hypertrehalosaemic or hyperprolinaemic, depending on insect in question. This study investigated effects of chronic administration of Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone (Ani-AKH), Libellula auripennis adipokinetic hormone (Lia-AKH), and Phormia-Terra hypertrehalosaemic hormone (Pht-HrTH) on depression, anxiety, analgesy, locomotion in forced swimming (FST), elevated plus-maze (EPM), hot plate, and locomotor activity tests. Ani-AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg), Lia-AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg), and Pht-HrTH (1 and 2 mg/kg) had antidepressant effects in forced swimming test. Lia-AKH (2 mg/kg) and Pht-HrTH (1 and 2 mg/kg) had anxiolytic effects when given chronically in elevated plus-maze test. Ani-AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg) and Pht-HrTH (2 mg/kg) had antinociceptive effects in hot plate test in male balb-c mice. Ani-AKH (2 mg/kg), Lia-AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg), and Pht-HrTH had locomotion-enhancing effects in locomotor activity test in male balb-c mice. Drug treatment significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) gene expression levels compared to control levels. Pht-HrTH and Ani-AKH groups had significantly increased numbers of BrdU-labeled cells, while neurodegeneration was lower in the Pht-HrTH group. Our study showed that AKH/RPCH family peptides may be used in treatment of psychiatric illness such as depression and anxiety, in treatment of pain and in diseases related to locomotion system. AKH/RPCH family peptides increase neurotrophic factors in brain and have potential proliferative and neuroprotective effects in hippocampal neurogenesis and neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gumuslu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Ordu University Medical Faculty, 52000, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Guner
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ulak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Furuzan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erden
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Havva
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54100, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tanyeri
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C492004:Creb1 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D007301:Insect Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009842:Oligopeptides; C044833:adipokinetic hormone; C084112:hypertrehalosemic hormone; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid
keywords: adipokinetic hormone; animal behavior; mice; neurogenesis; neurotrophic factors