title: Nuclear thiol redox systems in plants.
abstract: Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is essential for many cellular functions in plants. It has major roles in defense mechanisms, maintains the redox status of the cell and plays structural, with regulatory roles for many proteins. Although thiol-based redox regulation has been extensively studied in subcellular organelles such as chloroplasts, it has been much less studied in the nucleus. Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is dependent on the conserved redox proteins, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems. We first focus on the functions of glutathione in the nucleus and discuss recent data concerning accumulation of glutathione in the nucleus. We also provide evidence that glutathione reduction is potentially active in the nucleus. Recent data suggests that the nucleus is enriched in specific GRX and TRX isoforms. We discuss the biochemical and molecular characteristics of these isoforms and focus on genetic evidences for their potential nuclear functions. Finally, we make an overview of the different thiol-based redox regulated proteins in the nucleus. These proteins are involved in various pathways including transcriptional regulation, metabolism and signaling.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France. Electronic address: valerie.hinoux@univ-perp.fr.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delorme-Hinoux
authors.affiliation: INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Sajid A K
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bangash
authors.affiliation: INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France. Electronic address: jpr@univ-perp.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reichheld
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D054477:Glutaredoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054477:Glutaredoxins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013879:Thioredoxins; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Glutaredoxin; Glutathione; Nucleus; Thiol; Thioredoxin