title: Bone Regeneration Using Dentin Matrix Depends on the Degree of Demineralization and Particle Size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the influence of particle size and extent of demineralization of dentin matrix on bone regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracted human teeth were pulverized and divided into 3 groups according to particle size; 200, 500, and 1000 μm. Each group was divided into 3 groups depending on the extent of demineralization; undemineralized dentin (UDD), partially demineralized dentin matrix (PDDM), and completely demineralized dentin matrix (CDDM). The dentin sample was implanted into rat calvarial bone defects. After 4 and 8 weeks, the bone regeneration was evaluated with micro-CT images, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Osteoblasts were cultured on UDD and DDM to evaluate the cell attachment using electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Micro-CT images and histological observation revealed that CDDM had largely resorbed but UDD had not, and both of them induced little bone formation, whereas all particle sizes of PDDM induced more new bone, especially the 1000 μm. Electron microscopic observation showed osteoblasts attached to DDM but not to UDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDDM with larger particle size induced prominent bone regeneration, probably because PDDM possessed a suitable surface for cell attachment. There might be an exquisite balance between its resorption and bone formation on it. PDDM could be considered as a potential bone substitute.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tokutaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamizato
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: I
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumita
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Asahina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; C093073:Demineralized Dentin Matrix