title: [Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: new pharmacological approaches].
abstract: The management of negative symptoms appears to be a major challenge because of functional disability induced by these symptoms and their relative resistance to treatments currently on the market. The aim of this article is to review new approaches that may enable optimal management of these symptoms. First, we describe the methodological difficulties that hindered the development and evaluation of specific treatment, and objectives currently defined to enable the development of new pharmacological approaches. Then we present the monotherapy and adjuvant therapies that have been assessed, including first and second generation antipsychotics, psychostimulants, antidepressants, cholinergic and glutamatergic agents, the oxytocin, hormones and more invasive therapies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Other molecules are under development and evaluation such alpha-7 nicotinic receptor agonists.
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France. Electronic address: marc.lodovighi@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lodovighi
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palomba
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belzeaux
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adida
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D006801:Humans; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D010121:Oxytocin
keywords: Adjuvant therapies; Negative symptoms; Schizophrenia; Schizophrénie; Symptômes négatifs; Thérapies adjuvantes