title: Bisphenol A, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Epidemiological, Laboratory, and Clinical Trial Evidence.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has become one of the most common environmental chemical exposures in humans. There is growing evidence regarding an association between BPA exposure, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). If BPA exposure is indeed associated with raised blood pressure and CVD, it would be a major public health problem. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical trial evidence for an association between BPA exposure, CVD, and hypertension, and discussed the possible mechanisms in this article. Cross-sectional studies in various ethnicities suggested a possible association between BPA exposure and hypertension; this association was supported by a panel study and a randomized clinical trial. Despite the discordance among cross-sectional studies about an association between BPA exposure and CVD, a longitudinal study shows that BPA exposure is a risk factor for CVD. The effects of BPA exposure such as endocrinal disturbance, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, epigenetic change, and links with other chronic diseases may highlight a possible mechanism between BPA exposure, CVD, and hypertension. To clarify the causal relationship, well-designed studies are needed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
authors.forename: Changwoo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. ychong1@snu.ac.kr.|Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea. ychong1@snu.ac.kr.|Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. ychong1@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Cardiovascular diseases; Clinical trial; Epidemiology; Hypertension; Mechanism