title: Changes in right ventricular function in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome before and after the hybrid procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreased right ventricular function via deformation analysis has been noted in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) after the Norwood procedure. No data exist in HLHS patients undergoing the hybrid procedure. The goal of this study was to evaluate right ventricular functional changes in HLHS patients undergoing the hybrid procedure under steady-state conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echocardiograms were prospectively obtained on patients with HLHS before and after the hybrid procedure. Fractional area change, tricuspid inflow velocities, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and deformation analysis were performed. Paired Wilcoxon's signed rank or Student's t-test was used for analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Twenty HLHS patients were studied (10 males:10 females). Median age at the pre-hybrid echocardiogram was 3 (1-16) days, age at hybrid procedure was 5 (3-17) days, and age at post-hybrid echocardiogram was 10 (6-34). There were significant decreases in systolic function as measured by TDI and deformation analysis. There was no significant change in right ventricular fractional area change. Diastolic function was also noted to significantly decrease after the hybrid procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systolic and diastolic functions decreased after the hybrid procedure despite the fact that patients avoided cardiopulmonary bypass. These results are comparable with previous reports in HLHS patients undergoing the Norwood procedure. Further studies are needed to determine if these echocardiographic changes have prognostic significance.
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA christopher.bugnitz@nationwidechildrens.org.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bugnitz
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Glen E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Galantowicz
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cheatham
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Clifford L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cua
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D058327:Norwood Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology
keywords: echocardiography; hybrid procedure; hypoplastic left heart; strain; strain rate