title: Benzyl isothiocyanate alters the gene expression with cell cycle regulation and cell death in human brain glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant devastating brain tumor in adults. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is one of the isothiocyanates that have been shown to induce human cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Herein, the effect of BITC on cell viability and apoptotic cell death and the genetic levels of human brain glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells in vitro were investigated. We found that BITC induced cell morphological changes, decreased cell viability and the induction of cell apoptosis in GBM 8401 cells was time-dependent. cDNA microarray was used to examine the effects of BITC on GBM 8401 cells and we found that numerous genes associated with cell death and cell cycle regulation in GBM 8401 cells were altered after BITC treatment. The results show that expression of 317 genes was upregulated, and two genes were associated with DNA damage, the DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) was increased 3.66-fold and the growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible α (GADD45A) was increased 2.34-fold. We also found that expression of 182 genes was downregulated and two genes were associated with receptor for cell responses to stimuli, the EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) was inhibited 2.01-fold and the TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) was inhibited 2.08-fold. BITC inhibited seven mitochondria ribosomal genes, the mitochondrial ribosomal protein; tumor protein D52 (MRPS28) was inhibited 2.06-fold, the mitochondria ribosomal protein S2 (MRPS2) decreased 2.07-fold, the mitochondria ribosomal protein L23 (MRPL23) decreased 2.08-fold, the mitochondria ribosomal protein S2 (MRPS2) decreased 2.07-fold, the mitochondria ribosomal protein S12 (MRPS12) decreased 2.08-fold, the mitochondria ribosomal protein L12 (MRPL12) decreased 2.25-fold and the mitochondria ribosomal protein S34 (MRPS34) was decreased 2.30-fold in GBM 8401 cells. These changes of gene expression can provide the effects of BITC on the genetic level and are potential biomarkers for glioblastoma therapy.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Nou-Ying
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Fu-Shin
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Chueh
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chien-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ching-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jen-Jyh
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Te-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: King-Chuen
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsin-Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Kung-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C497249:DDIT3 protein, human; C119630:EFEMP1 protein, human; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D017879:Isothiocyanates; C092306:TRAP1 protein, human; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; C031403:benzyl isothiocyanate