title: Ultrasonic measurement of facial tissue depth in a Northern Chinese Han population.
abstract: In forensic anthropology, facial soft tissue depth measurement is crucial for craniofacial reconstruction technology, which is based on the morphological features of human faces to rebuild appearances of decedents, helps forensic scientists to identify the nameless bone. We measured the facial tissue depth of 135 young subjects from northern China whereby revealing the relationship among tissue depth, sex and BMI as well as providing data for craniofacial reconstruction in forensic science. All the volunteers are healthy medical students including 64 males and 71 females. Ultrasound was used to measure 19 points across the face evenly distributed in 6 regions including the eye, nose, mouth, cheek, jaw and chin. Our results indicate that tissue thickness at 11 points of females and 11 points of males are related to BMI. A majority of points are thicker in females than those of males. Further comparisons with data of American and European population show an apparent diversity in both genders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218#, 130041 Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Linpei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Basic Medicine College of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, 130021 Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Baiyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Xinhua Middle Street 201#, 061001 Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, National Clinic Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28#, 100853 Bejing, China.
authors.forename: Weiguang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Basic Medicine College of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, 130021 Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Yingqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Electronic address: drzhl@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000379:methods*; D002681:China; D005006:Ethnicity; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Facial tissue depth; Forensic anthropology population data; Forensic science; Han nationality; Northern China; Ultrasonography