title: BARRIERS TO AN EFFECTIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SERVICE IN IBADAN, NIGERIA (SUB -SAHARAN AFRICA) - A PILOT QUALITATIVE STUDY.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic retinopathy is an increasing cause of blindness. The prevalence of retinopathy in hospital attending diabetics in Ibadan is reported to be 42 %. This study assessed the barriers identified by patients and service providers to delivering good services for diabetic retinopathy in Ibadan, Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative survey using non-participatory observation, in-depth interviews (patients and healthcare providers), and focus group discussion for diabetic patients in the eye clinic in University College Hospital, Ibadan was done. Semistructured interview and topic guides were used to evaluate the barriers to effective service. The participants were selected using a non-probability, purposive sampling strategy. Twenty participants were involved in the pilot study. There were ten in-depth interviews of patients and two focus group discussions of patients (3 in each group). Four healthcare providers were interviewed (a retinal surgeon, a senior registrar, an endocrinologist and a public health nurse).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lack of awareness that diabetes causes irreversible blindness was identified as a major barrier by both patients and providers. Cost of treatment of diabetes and treatment of retinopathy was also an important barrier. The long waiting time before consultation, staff attitudes to patients and appointment scheduling problems deterred patients from using the service.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More diabetic patients can be encouraged to use eye service by providing more detailed information/counselling and making clinic attendance less costly and more convenient.
authors.affiliation: Ancilla Catholic Hospital, Eye Centre, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Oluleye
keywords: Barriers; Diabetic retinopathy; Ibadan; Service