title: Information and communication technology solutions for outdoor navigation in dementia.
abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) is potentially mature enough to empower outdoor and social activities in dementia. However, actual ICT-based devices have limited functionality and impact, mainly limited to safety. What is an ideal operational framework to enhance this field to support outdoor and social activities?
  
  
  
  Review of literature and cross-disciplinary expert discussion.
  
  
  
  A situation-aware ICT requires a flexible fine-tuning by stakeholders of system usability and complexity of function, and of user safety and autonomy. It should operate by artificial intelligence/machine learning and should reflect harmonized stakeholder values, social context, and user residual cognitive functions. ICT services should be proposed at the prodromal stage of dementia and should be carefully validated within the life space of users in terms of quality of life, social activities, and costs.
  
  
  
  The operational framework has the potential to produce ICT and services with high clinical impact but requires substantial investment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: stefan.teipel@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Babiloni
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoey
authors.affiliation: NIA - Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center and ORCATECH, the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirste
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia.
authors.forename: Oliver K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Burmeister
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003704:Dementia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D012919:Social Behavior; D065854:Spatial Navigation
keywords: Assistive technology; Cognitive decline; Disorientation; Intention recognition; Mobility; Situation-aware assistance; Social participation