title: Kinesin-2 and Apc function at dendrite branch points to resolve microtubule collisions.
abstract: In Drosophila neurons, kinesin-2, EB1 and Apc are required to maintain minus-end-out dendrite microtubule polarity, and we previously proposed they steer microtubules at branch points. Motor-mediated steering of microtubule plus ends could be accomplished in two ways: 1) by linking a growing microtubule tip to the side of an adjacent microtubule as it navigates the branch point (bundling), or 2) by directing a growing microtubule after a collision with a stable microtubule (collision resolution). Using live imaging to distinguish between these two mechanisms, we found that reduction of kinesin-2 did not alter the number of microtubules that grew along the edge of the branch points where stable microtubules are found. However, reduction of kinesin-2 or Apc did affect the number of microtubules that slowed down or depolymerized as they encountered the side of the branch opposite to the entry point. These results are consistent with kinesin-2 functioning with Apc to resolve collisions. However, they do not pinpoint stable microtubules as the collision partner as stable microtubules are typically very close to the membrane. To determine whether growing microtubules were steered along stable ones after a collision, we analyzed the behavior of growing microtubules at dendrite crossroads where stable microtubules run through the middle of the branch point. In control neurons, microtubules turned in the middle of the crossroads. However, when kinesin-2 was reduced some microtubules grew straight through the branch point and failed to turn. We propose that kinesin-2 functions to steer growing microtubules along stable ones following collisions.
authors.affiliation: Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Alexis T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.affiliation: Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.affiliation: Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goetschius
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: William O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.affiliation: Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rolls
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C118001:APC protein, Drosophila; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C525729:kinesin 2 protein, Drosophila; D016547:Kinesins
keywords: +TIP; kinesin; microtubule plus end; neuronal cytoskeleton