title: [Comparison of the effect of three-dimensional versus two-dimensional retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureter lithotomy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the surgical effect of three-dimensional (3D) versus 2D laparoscopic surgery in ureter lithotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2014 to 2015 May, 45 patients with ureteral calculi were randomly allocated into 2 groups to undergo ureter lithotomy under 3D laparoscopy (25 cases) and 2D laparoscopy (20 cases). The time used for each surgical process (including the exposure, D-J tube discharge, suture and other surgical procedures) was recorded and compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operation was completed smoothly in all the 45 patients. In this cohort, the wound drainage tube was removed in a mean of 3.0mnplus;0.8 days after the operation, the catheter was removed after a week, and the double J tube was removed at 1 month. Follow-up intravenous pyelography at 3 months after the operation reveal ureteral stricture in none of the cases. Comparison of the surgical data showed that the time used in each surgical process was significantly shorter in the 3D group than in the 2D group (P<0.05). 3D laparoscopic surgery allowed more precise operation by providing a good sense of depth as in an open surgery to reduce the operation time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a minimally invasive surgical technique, 3D laparoscopic surgery facilitates more precise and easier operation compared with 2D laparoscopy in ureter lithotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.E-mail: qk-chen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qingke
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiumin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: Zhanping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yaoxiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hanzhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chujin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D014513:Ureter; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*