title: Chloride requirement for monoamine transporters.
abstract: This review focuses on the Cl(-) requirement for dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine (DA, 5-HT, and NE) transport and induced current via the transporters for these transmitters, DAT, SERT, and NET. Indirect evidence exists for the passage of Cl(-) ions through monoamine transporters; however, direct evidence is sparse. An unanswered question is why in some preparations, notably native neurons, it appears that Cl(-) ions carry the current through DAT, whereas in heterologous expression systems Na(+) ions carry the current often referred to as the uncoupled current. It is suggested that different functional states in monoamine transporters represent conformational states that carry dominantly Cl(-) or Na(+). Structures of monoamine transporters contribute enormously to structure-function relationships; however, thus far no structural features support the functionally relevant ionic currents that are known to exist in monoamine transporters.
authors.affiliation: Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. ljdefelice@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: De Felice
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D012964:Sodium
keywords: Channels; Chloride; Dopamine; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Sodium; Transporters