title: Chicken Essence for Cognitive Function Improvement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: Chicken essence (CE) is a popular traditional remedy in Asia, which is believed to improve cognitive functions. CE company claimed that the health benefits were proven with research studies. A systematic review was conducted to determine the cognitive-enhancing effects of CE. We systematically searched a number of databases for randomized controlled trials with human subjects consuming CE and cognitive tests involved. Cochrane's Risk of Bias (ROB) tool was used to assess the quality of trials and meta-analysis was performed. Seven trials were included, where six healthy subjects and one subject with poorer cognitive functions were recruited. One trial had unclear ROB while the rest had high ROB. For executive function tests, there was a significant difference favoring CE (pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.55 (-1.04, -0.06)) and another with no significant difference (pooled SMD of 0.70 (-0.001, 1.40)). For short-term memory tests, no significant difference was found (pooled SMD of 0.63 (-0.16, 1.42)). Currently, there is a lack of convincing evidence to show a cognitive enhancing effect of CE.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia. charmaine.slteoh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Siew Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. suthinee_sfs@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Suthinee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sudfangsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. pisake@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Pisake
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lumbiganon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. laopaiboonmalinee@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Malinee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laopaiboon
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Taylor's University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia. lainm123@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Nai Ming
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia. nathorn.chaiyakunapruk@monash.edu.|Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research (CPOR), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. nathorn.chaiyakunapruk@monash.edu.|School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA. nathorn.chaiyakunapruk@monash.edu.|School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston QLD 4006, Australia. nathorn.chaiyakunapruk@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Nathorn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaiyakunapruk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D002645:Chickens; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011202:Poultry Products; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: attention; chicken essence; chicken extract; cognitive function; executive function; health claims; nutritional product; supplement