title: Synergistic approach for treatment of chicken coccidiosis using berberine--A plant natural product.
abstract: Despite the advent of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines, coccidiosis continues to result in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Berberine, a natural alkaloid is well known in studies involving synergistic approaches, thereby reducing the dosage of principal drugs. Therefore, a study was designed to see whether a synergistic anticoccidial effect could be obtained between amprolium and berberine, in vivo using broiler chicken. Anticoccidial activity was measured in comparison to the reference drug amprolium on the basis of oocyst output reduction, mean weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Oocyst output was measured using Mc-Masters counting technique. Different combinations of berberine and amprolium were tested and out of which 1:1 ratio was the most effective for controlling these parasites. Oral gavaging of 100(50 + 50) mg/kg body weight of 1:1 ratio of amprolium and berberine caused the equivalent reduction in number of oocysts (38.85 ± 9.61) one day prior to that of standard drug amprolium (49.95 ± 16.65) as well as pure berberine (44.4 ± 9.61) used in the study. Weight gain of birds was also highest in the synergistic group (1547.43 ± 12.86) among all the infected groups. Besides feed conversion ratio in the synergistic group was also better (1.387 ± 0.026). The results of this study proved the effectiveness of both amprolium and berberine and revealed synergism between amprolium and berberine against coccidian oocysts, confirmed by significant reduction in the number of coccidian oocysts shed in the feces, leading to better weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio. The study deep-rooted the synergistic potential of berberine, a natural bioactive compound for controlling a protozoan parasite and the results of this study corroborate with its use for treatment of severe diarrhoea, amoebiasis and intestinal infections.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India. Electronic address: maliktsf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tauseef Ahmad
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
authors.forename: Azra N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kamili
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Chishti
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanveer
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
authors.forename: Shazia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahad
authors.affiliation: PK-PD Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu-Tawi, J&K, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Johri
mesh_terms: D000670:Amprolium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001599:Berberine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002645:Chickens; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D001599:Berberine; D000670:Amprolium
keywords: Amprolium; Anticoccidial activity; Berberine; Synergy