title: Measuring Indoor Air Quality and Engaging California Indian Stakeholders at the Win-River Resort and Casino: Collaborative Smoke-Free Policy Development.
abstract: Most casinos owned by sovereign American Indian nations allow smoking, even in U.S. states such as California where state laws restrict workplace smoking. Collaborations between casinos and public health workers are needed to promote smoke-free policies that protect workers and patrons from secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and risks. Over seven years, a coalition of public health professionals provided technical assistance to the Redding Rancheria tribe in Redding, California in establishing a smoke-free policy at the Win-River Resort and Casino. The coalition provided information to the casino general manager that included site-specific measurement of employee and visitor PM2.5 personal exposure, area concentrations of airborne nicotine and PM2.5, visitor urinary cotinine, and patron and staff opinions (surveys, focus groups, and a Town Hall meeting). The manager communicated results to tribal membership, including evidence of high SHS exposures and support for a smoke-free policy. Subsequently, in concert with hotel expansion, the Redding Rancheria Tribal Council voted to accept a 100% restriction of smoking inside the casino, whereupon PM2.5 exposure in main smoking areas dropped by 98%. A 70% partial-smoke-free policy was instituted ~1 year later in the face of revenue loss. The success of the collaboration in promoting a smoke-free policy, and the key element of air quality feedback, which appeared to be a central driver, may provide a model for similar efforts.
authors.affiliation: Education, Training, and Research, Inc., Scotts Valley, CA 95066, USA. pubs1@klepeis.net.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. pubs1@klepeis.net.|Neil Klepeis and Associates, Environmental Health Research and Consulting, Aromas, CA 95004, USA. pubs1@klepeis.net.
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Klepeis
authors.affiliation: Education, Training, and Research, Inc., Scotts Valley, CA 95066, USA. narinderd@etr.org.
authors.forename: Narinder
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
authors.affiliation: Win-River Resort &amp; Casino, Redding Rancheria, Redding, CA 96001, USA. Gary.Hayward@win-river.com.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. viviana.ab@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Acevedo-Bolton
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. wott1@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Wayne R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.affiliation: Shasta County Public Health Tobacco Education Program, Shasta County Public Health, Redding, CA 96001, USA. nread@co.shasta.ca.us.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Shasta County Public Health Tobacco Education Program, Shasta County Public Health, Redding, CA 96001, USA. layton12@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ruotingever@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruoting
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. kccheng@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Kai-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. hildemann@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hildemann
authors.affiliation: Repace Associates, Inc., Secondhand Smoke Consultants, Bowie, MD 20720, USA. repace1@verizon.net.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Repace
authors.affiliation: Shasta County Public Health Tobacco Education Program, Shasta County Public Health, Redding, CA 96001, USA. smtaylor@co.shasta.ca.us.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Education, Training, and Research, Inc., Scotts Valley, CA 95066, USA. seowling@etr.org.
authors.forename: Seow-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Buchting Consulting, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. franciscobuchting@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Francisco O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Buchting
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), Oakland, CA 94612, USA. jlee@PREV.org.
authors.forename: Juliet P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), Oakland, CA 94612, USA. roland@PREV.org.
authors.forename: Roland S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002140:California; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006294:Health Resorts / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis*; D011634:Public Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: American Indians; Native Americans; PM2.5; air quality monitoring; airborne nicotine; hospitality business; occupational exposure reduction; secondhand tobacco smoke; smoke-free gambling; smoking; urinary cotinine; worker protection policy