title: The use of substituted alkynyl phenoxy derivatives of piperonyl butoxide to control insecticide-resistant pests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Derivatives of piperonyl butoxide with alkynyl side chains were tested in vitro and in vivo against pyrethroid-resistant Meligethes aeneus and imidacloprid-resistant Myzus persicae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synergists with the alkynyl side chain were more effective inhibitors of P450 activity in vitro than piperonyl butoxide, and demonstrated high levels of synergism in vivo, with up to 290-fold synergism of imidacloprid against imidacloprid-resistant M. persicae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These 'second-generation' synergists could overcome metabolic resistance in many pest species and possibly enable reduced rates of insecticide application in some cases. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK.|Plant Protection Sector, Department of Agriculture, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Philippou
authors.affiliation: Endura SpA, Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borzatta
authors.affiliation: Endura SpA, Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capparella
authors.affiliation: Endura SpA, Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Leni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moroni
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: ApresLabs Ltd, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moores
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids; D001517:Coleoptera; D007093:Imidazoles; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; C082359:imidacloprid; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide
keywords: Meligethes aeneus; Myzus persicae; P450; esterase; piperonyl butoxide; resistance; synergist