title: Iron in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Noninvasive Imaging with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.
abstract: Iron is considered to play a key role in the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In particular, iron that accumulates in myeloid cells after the blood-brain barrier (BBB) seals may contribute to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and eventually neurodegeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established tool for the non-invasive study of MS. In recent years, an advanced MRI method, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), has made it possible to study brain iron through in vivo imaging. Moreover, immunohistochemical investigations have helped defining the lesional and cellular distribution of iron in MS brain tissue. Imaging studies in MS patients and of brain tissue combined with histological studies have provided important insights into the role of iron in inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10044, USA. cas2050@med.cornell.edu.|Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. cas2050@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stüber
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. david.pitt@yale.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10044, USA. yw233@cornell.edu.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. yw233@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007501:Iron
keywords: MRI; MS lesion; deep grey matter (DGM); quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)