title: The role of PD-L1 in the radiation response and clinical outcome for bladder cancer.
abstract: Identification of potential factors that can stratify a tumor's response to specific therapies will aid in the selection of cancer therapy. The aim was to highlight the role of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in bladder cancer. In this study, 92 of muscle-invasive bladder cancers and 28 of non-muscle invasive bladder cancers were selected for immunohistochemical staining analysis. Furthermore, human and murine bladder cancer cell lines were used to examine the correlation between PD-L1 and radiation response. Our data revealed that PD-L1 was overexpressed in the bladder tumor specimens compared with adjacent non-malignant specimens. Furthermore, the staining of PD-L1 was significantly linked to higher clinical stage, lower complete response rates and reduced disease-free survival rates. By in vitro and in vivo experiments, irradiation up-regulated the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, and its increase correlated with the irradiation dose. In immunocompetent mouse models, blocking PD-L1 induced a longer tumour growth delay following irradiation. The inhibition of T cell functions including proliferation and cytotoxicity against tumor cells was responsible to the effects of PD-L1 on radiation response. In conclusion, PD-L1 could be a significant clinical predictor for clinical stage and treatment response of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Taiwan.|Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Miao-Fen
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor