title: Surgical comparison of subinguinal and high inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy for adolescent varicocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the surgical outcomes of subinguinal and high inguinal approaches for microsurgical varicocelectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 patients with left varicocele were randomly assigned to undergo microsurgical left varicocelectomy by the subinguinal (n = 41) or high inguinal (n = 40) approach. These two techniques were compared with regard to the operative parameters, complications and testicular growth. Anatomical parameters, including the numbers and diameters of internal spermatic arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels, were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microsurgical step was significantly shorter for the high inguinal approach compared with the subinguinal approach (25.5 vs 33.3 min, respectively, P < 0.01). The numbers of preserved arteries and ligated veins were significantly greater and the artery size was significantly smaller for the subinguinal (1.6 arteries, 11.5 veins and 1.1 mm, respectively) compared with the high inguinal approach (1.2 arteries, 7.3 veins and 1.3 mm; P < 0.001, <0.0001 and <0.01, respectively). There was one patient with postoperative hydrocele, and three with persistent scrotal pain after treatment with the subinguinal approach. The postoperative catch-up growth rates at 24 months were 70% and 78% for the subinguinal and high inguinal approaches, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microsurgical subinguinal and high inguinal approaches seem to yield similar success rates in terms of testicular growth. However, the high inguinal approach is easier to carry out, as it requires fewer divisions of veins and is associated with a larger diameter of the spermatic artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000209:etiology; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
keywords: adolescent; anatomy; complications; microsurgery; varicocele