title: Is low magnesium a clue to arteriovenous fistula complications in hemodialysis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnesium insufficiency is a pro-atherogenic factor involved in endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and vascular calcification. Our aim was to examine the role of magnesium in the development of arteriovenous fistula complications in hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective clinical investigation of data from 88 patients who were divided into two groups: those with and without arteriovenous fistula complications. We examined the influence of sex, demographics, and clinical and laboratory parameters. The existence of fistula stenosis was determined by measuring Doppler flow, while B-mode ultrasound was used to detect plaques and evaluate the carotid artery intima-media thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with arteriovenous fistula complications had significantly higher leukocyte counts (p = 0.03), platelet counts (p = 0.03), phosphate concentrations (p = 0.044), and alkaline phosphatase concentrations (p = 0.04). Patients without complications had significantly greater blood flow through the arteriovenous fistula (p < 0.0005), higher magnesium concentrations (p = 0.004), and a lower carotid artery intima-media thickness (p = 0.037). The magnesium level was inversely correlated with leukocyte (p = 0.028) and platelet (p = 0.016) counts. The magnesium concentration was significantly lower in patients with carotid artery plaques (p = 0.03). Multiple linear regression, using magnesium as the dependent variable in patients with arteriovenous fistula complications, indicated statistically significant correlations with platelet (p = 0.005) and leukocyte (p = 0.027) counts and carotid plaques (p = 0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypomagnesemia is a significant pro-atherogenic factor and an important predictor of arteriovenous fistula complications.
authors.affiliation: Kragujevac Medical Faculty, Clinic of Urology and Nephrology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia. radojica.stolic@med.pr.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Radojica V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Stolic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina, Anri Dinan bb, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Goran Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Trajkovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina, Anri Dinan bb, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mirjana M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kostic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina, Anri Dinan bb, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia.
authors.forename: Andrijana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Odalovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina, Anri Dinan bb, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sasa R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sovtic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina, Anri Dinan bb, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia.
authors.forename: Maja V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sipic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina, Anri Dinan bb, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia.
authors.forename: Slavica D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pajovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina, Anri Dinan bb, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zorica N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Sojevic-Timotijevic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D010976:Platelet Count; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010710:Phosphates; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Arteriovenous fistula; Complication; Hemodialysis; Magnesium