title: Aqueous extract from Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux reduces liver injury in rats via regulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-ΚB/caspase-3 and PCNA signaling pathways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux is a well-known Chinese herb that has been used to treat liver diseases for many years in China. We investigated the effects of aqueous extract from Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (AEACD) on acute liver failure and identified the possible mechanisms of these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Wistar rats were used to establish acute liver failure model by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and treated with Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC) and AEACD by gavage. Then, the serum biochemical parameters, the pathological scores in the liver tissue, the mRNA expressions of toll- like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and caspase-3, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive rates were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The liver function was improved, the pathological scores were decreased, the expressions the TLR4, NF-κB, HMGB1, and caspase-3 were inhibited, and the PCNA positive rates were increased by both SNMC and AEACD, but AEACD induced greater effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AEACD protected liver function by inhibiting inflammatory reaction, apoptosis and promoting liver tissue regeneration in the acute liver failure rats induced by D-galactosamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: 863095714@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: 416736357@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: xiaoyuhu@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: chenguo1978@sina.com.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: 84613791@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xi-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology Disease, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of T.C.M., Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: beining0630@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: 254979859@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jing-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: 991271163@qq.com.
authors.forename: Da-Chao
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D031841:Aconitum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C104200:Hbp1 protein, rat; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D005688:Galactosamine; C083319:stronger neominophagen C; D053148:Caspase 3; D003545:Cysteine; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Acute liver failure; Apoptosis; Inflammation; RT-PCRs; Regeneration