title: An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review.
abstract: This paper reviews all information gathered from different disciplines and studies to resolve the species status within the Ceratitis FAR (Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis rosa) complex, a group of polyphagous fruit fly pest species (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Africa. It includes information on larval and adult morphology, wing morphometrics, cuticular hydrocarbons, pheromones, microsatellites, developmental physiology and geographic distribution. The general consensus is that the FAR complex comprises Ceratitis anonae, two species within Ceratitis rosa (so-called R1 and R2) and two putatitve species under Ceratitis fasciventris. The information regarding the latter is, however, too limited to draw final conclusions on specific status. Evidence for this recognition is discussed with reference to publications providing further details.
authors.affiliation: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Meyer
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 7 ch de l'IRAT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delatte
authors.affiliation: International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekesi
authors.affiliation: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jordaens
authors.affiliation: Institut of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalinová
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa.
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manrakhan
authors.affiliation: Sokoine University of Agriculture, Dept. of Crop Science and Production, Morogoro, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Maulid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwatawala
authors.affiliation: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville FL, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steck
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Finland.
authors.forename: Joannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Cann
authors.affiliation: Institut of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague; Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaníčková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Břízová
authors.affiliation: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virgilio
keywords: Africa; Ceratitis anonae; Ceratitis fasciventris; Ceratitis rosa; Taxonomy; fruit fly