title: Trace metal determination as it relates to metallosis of orthopaedic implants: Evolution and current status.
abstract: In utilising metal surfaces that are in constant contact with each other, metal-on-metal (MoM) surgical implants present a unique challenge, in the sense that their necessity is accompanied by the potential risk of wear particle generation, metal ion release and subsequent patient toxicity. This is especially true of orthopaedic devices that are faulty and subject to failure, where the metal surfaces undergo atypical degradation and release even more unwanted byproducts, as was highlighted by the recent recall of orthopaedic surgical implants. The aim of this review is to examine the area of metallosis arising from the wear of MoM articulations in orthopaedic devices, including how the surgical procedures and detection methods have advanced to meet growing performance and analytical needs, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Research Centre, BioExplore, Department of Physical Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Laboratory, Cork University Hospital (CUH), Wilton, Co. Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Mullane
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Group, MicroNanoelectronics Centre, Tyndall National Institute, UCC, Co. Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Research Centre, BioExplore, Department of Physical Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: ambrose.furey@cit.ie.
authors.forename: Ambrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furey
mesh_terms: D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects; D009985:Orthopedics; D011041:Poisoning; D011379:Prognosis; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: AAS; Blood; Chromium; Clinical; Cobalt; Continuum source; FAAS; GFAAS; HR-CS-GFAAS; High resolution; ICP-MS; ICP-MS/MS; ICP-SFMS; Magnetic sector; Metallosis; Orthopaedic; Sector field; Serum; Trace metal; Urine