title: Bioethical Issues in Providing Financial Incentives to Research Participants.
abstract: Offering research subjects financial incentives for their participation is a common practice that boosts recruitment but also raises ethical concerns, such as undue inducement, exploitation, and biased enrollment. This article reviews the arguments for providing participants with financial incentives, ethical concerns about payment, and approaches to establishing appropriate compensation levels. It also makes recommendations for investigators, institutions, and oversight committees.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 Alexander Drive, Box 12233, Mail Drop CU 03, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Resnik
keywords: ethics; exploitation; fairness; human participant research; payment; undue inducement