title: Tonoplast Aquaporins Facilitate Lateral Root Emergence.
abstract: Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels allowing fast and passive diffusion of water across cell membranes. It was hypothesized that AQPs contribute to cell elongation processes by allowing water influx across the plasma membrane and the tonoplast to maintain adequate turgor pressure. Here, we report that, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the highly abundant tonoplast AQP isoforms AtTIP1;1, AtTIP1;2, and AtTIP2;1 facilitate the emergence of new lateral root primordia (LRPs). The number of lateral roots was strongly reduced in the triple tip mutant, whereas the single, double, and triple tip mutants showed no or minor reduction in growth of the main root. This phenotype was due to the retardation of LRP emergence. Live cell imaging revealed that tight spatiotemporal control of TIP abundance in the tonoplast of the different LRP cells is pivotal to mediating this developmental process. While lateral root emergence is correlated to a reduction of AtTIP1;1 and AtTIP1;2 protein levels in LRPs, expression of AtTIP2;1 is specifically needed in a restricted cell population at the base, then later at the flanks, of developing LRPs. Interestingly, the LRP emergence phenotype of the triple tip mutants could be fully rescued by expressing AtTIP2;1 under its native promoter. We conclude that TIP isoforms allow the spatial and temporal fine-tuning of cellular water transport, which is critically required during the highly regulated process of LRP morphogenesis and emergence.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9811-6922
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hachez
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Manuela Désirée
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bienert
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Azeez
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beebo
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swarup
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Ute
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-9334
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Voß
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Karim
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-6164
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bouhidel
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-6022
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frigerio
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-3298
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Schjoerring
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.).
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-390X
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.) francois.chaumont@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0155-7778
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chaumont
mesh_terms: D020346:Aquaporins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018519:Meristem / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009154:Mutation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020346:Aquaporins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C500688:TIP2;1 protein, Arabidopsis; D014867:Water