title: Association of thalassemia major and gingival inflammation: A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between thalassemia major (TM) and gingival inflammation through the salivary, serum, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biofluid samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 29 otherwise healthy patients with TM and 25 systemically healthy (SH) individuals. Biofluid samples were evaluated by immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs). Data were tested statistically by Kolmogorov Simirnov, Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman correlation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, smoking status, bleeding on probing, plaque index were similar in the study groups, but probing depth, gender data exhibited significant differences (p=0.037 for both). Salivary MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 concentrations were significantly higher in the TM than SH group (p=0.014; p<0.001; p=0.042, respectively). Serum TIMP-1 concentrations were significantly higher; MMP-8/TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-1 molar ratios were significantly lower in the TM than SH group (p<0.001; p=0.005; p=0.022, respectively). Very few GCF samples revealed biochemical data above the detection limits. Numerous correlations were found between clinical periodontal parameters and biochemical data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be suggested that TM may exacerbate the local inflammatory response as manifested in salivary MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gümüş
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Aydın State Hospital, Aydın, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahraman-Çeneli
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aliye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akcali
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervahartiala
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: ozgunozcaka@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Özgün
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Özçaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Gingiva; Inflammation; Matrix metalloproteinase 8; Matrix metalloproteinase 9; Thalassemia major; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1