title: Effects of cycle duration of an external electrostatic field on anammox biomass activity.
abstract: In this study, the effects of different cycle durations of an external electrostatic field on an anammox biomass were investigated. The total application time per day was 12 h at 2 V/cm for different cycle durations (i.e., continuous application-resting time) of 3 h-3 h, 6 h-6 h, and 12 h-12 h. Compared with the control reactor, the nitrogen removal rates (NRRs) increased by 18.7%, 27.4% and 8.50% using an external electrostatic field application with a continuous application time of 3 h, 6 h and 12 h. Moreover, after the reactor was running smoothly for approximately 215 days under the optimal electrostatic field condition (mode 2, continuous application-rest time: 6 h-6 h), the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate reached a peak value of approximately 6468 g-N/m(3)/d, which was 44.7% higher than the control. The increase in 16S rRNA gene copy numbers, heme c content and enzyme activities were demonstrated to be the main reasons for enhancement of the NRR of the anammox process. Additionally, transmission electron microscope observations proved that a morphological change in the anammox biomass occurred under an electrostatic field application.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.|Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006418:Heme / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006834:Hydrazines; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D006834:Hydrazines; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C031690:heme C; C029424:hydrazine; D006418:Heme; D045304:Cytochromes c; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D009195:Peroxidase; D009584:Nitrogen