title: Abelmoschus esculentus fractions potently inhibited the pathogenic targets associated with diabetic renal epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
abstract: Although Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) is known for anti-hyperglycemia, few reports have addressed its target. Our recent studies have focused on diabetic renal epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in fibrosis that accompanies increasing vimentin and suggested signals DPP-4/AT-1/TGF-β1. This study aimed to investigate whether AE is useful for preventing diabetic renal EMT. We used a succession of extractions and obtained the corresponding fractions F1-F5, each with its own individual properties: F1 inhibits high glucose-stimulated vimentin, AT-1, TGF-β1, and DPP-4, and recovers E-cadherin in tubular cells; F2 decreases high glucose-induced vimentin, AT-1 and DPP-4; F3-F5 do not reduce the expression of vimentin. Chemical analysis revealed that F1 is rich of flavonoid glycosides especially quercetin glucosides, and pentacyclic triterpene ester. F2 contains a large amount of carbohydrates and polysaccharides composed of uronic acid, galactose, glucose, myo-inositol etc. In conclusion, AE has the potential to serve as an adjuvant for diabetic nephropathy, with F1 and F2 especially deserving further investigation and development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Medical Science, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Charng-Cherng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chyau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chau-Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huei-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan and Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan. cshy049@csh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chien-Ning
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan. ybker@sunrise.hk.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yaw-Bee
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ker
mesh_terms: D028483:Abelmoschus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014746:Vimentin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014746:Vimentin; D005947:Glucose