title: Exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells attenuate vascular repair and accelerate reendothelialization by enhancing endothelial function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exosomes, a key component of cell paracrine secretion, can exert protective effects in various disease models. However, application of exosomes in vascular repair and regeneration has rarely been reported. In this study, we tested whether endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived exosomes possessed therapeutic effects in rat models of balloon-induced vascular injury by accelerating reendothelialization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exosomes were obtained from the conditioned media of EPCs isolated from human umbilical cord blood. Induction of the endothelial injury was performed in the rats' carotid artery, and the pro-re-endothelialization capacity of EPC-derived exosomes was measured. The in vitro effects of exosomes on the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the EPC-derived exosomes accelerated the re-endothelialization in the early phase after endothelial damage in the rat carotid artery. We also demonstrated that these exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, endothelial cells stimulated with these exosomes showed increased expression of angiogenesis-related molecules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results indicate that exosomes are an active component of the paracrine secretion of human EPCs and can promote vascular repair in rat models of balloon injury by up-regulating endothelial cells function.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaocong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Graduate School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Chunyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wangy63cn@126.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zhaojungong1@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jungong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: endothelial progenitor cells; exosomes; reendothelialization; vascular repair