title: Combined Supplementation with Grape Pomace and Omija Fruit Ethanol Extracts Dose-Dependently Improves Body Composition, Plasma Lipid Profiles, Inflammatory Status, and Antioxidant Capacity in Overweight and Obese Subjects.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of combined grape pomace and omija fruit ethanol extracts (GO) on metabolic disorders in overweight or obese subjects. Seventy-six subjects (30-70 years, body mass index ≥23.0 kg/m2) were divided into control (starch, 4 g/day, n = 24), low-GO (low dose GO, grape pomace extract [342.5 mg/day] + omija fruit extract [57.5 mg/day], n = 26), and high-GO (high dose GO, grape pomace extract [685 mg/day] + omija fruit extract [115 mg/day], n = 26) groups. Body composition, nutrient intake, plasma lipid profiles, inflammation, antioxidant capacity, and hepatotoxicity markers were assessed in all subjects at the baseline and 10 weeks after taking the supplements. The body weight and body fat of overweight or obese subjects was not significantly altered in the low-GO and high-GO groups. However, the high-GO supplement significantly decreased the baseline-adjusted final plasma total-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and increased the baseline-adjusted final plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-1 level compared with that of the control group. In addition, the high-GO supplement significantly lowered apo B, apo B/apo A-1, lipoprotein a (Lp[a]), atherogenic index, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and elevated erythrocyte antioxidant capacity compared with the control group or the baseline levels. The low-GO supplement decreased the plasma IL-1β level and elevated erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity compared with that at baseline. However, in general, high-GO exerted a greater effect than low-GO. There were no significant differences in activities of plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase between the groups. This study is a preliminary clinical study to verify that GO could be beneficial for amelioration of obesity-related dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress without side effect in the overweight or obese subjects.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.|2 Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.|3 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University , Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Un Ju
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 4 Food R&D, CJ Cheiljedang Corp. , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.|2 Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.|2 Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ae Hyang
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.|2 Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.|2 Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: anti-inflammatory; antioxidant activity; blood lipids; fruit extract; humans