title: Labelling of electronic cigarettes: regulations and current practice.
abstract: Over the past decade e-cigarettes have established themselves in the global market. E-cigarettes triggered much interest in relation to their content and efficacy as smoking cessation tools, but less attention has been paid to users and environmental safety warnings and guidance. Several regulations have been introduced to promote their safe handling and disposal. From May 2016, liquids and cartridges will be regulated by European Community Directives (ECDs) 2001/83/EC and 93/42/EEC, or 2014/40/EU if marketed as tobacco-related products. Currently, manufacturers and distributors must abide by the Chemical (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2009 (CHIP) or Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulations (CLP), the latter replacing CHIP in June 2015.
  
  
  
  In this work, the compliance of marketed e-liquids and e-cigarettes with current European Union and UK legislations is assessed.
  
  
  
  E-liquids and e-cigarettes (21 and 9 brands, respectively) were evaluated. Evidence of non-compliance was found in relation to the CHIP/CLP toxic (13%) and environmental (37%) pictograms, tactile warning (23%), nominal amount of solution (30%), supplier contact telephone number and address (40%). None of the evaluated e-cigarettes displayed information on the correct disposal/recycling of batteries in line with the ECD 2006/66/EC.
  
  
  
  More stringent enforcement of regulations is needed to ensure not only the user's safety and awareness, but also the safeguarding of the environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon Thames, London, UK.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buonocore
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon Thames, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ana C N
authors.initials: ACN
authors.lastname: Marques Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon Thames, London, UK.
authors.forename: Shereen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nabhani-Gebara
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon Thames, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon Thames, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calabrese
mesh_terms: D004349:Drug Packaging / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D005062:European Union; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Electronic nicotine delivery devices; Environment; Nicotine