title: Classifying murine glomerulonephritis using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence elastography.
abstract: Acute glomerulonephritis caused by antiglomerular basement membrane marked by high mortality. The primary reason for this is delayed diagnosis via blood examination, urine analysis, tissue biopsy, or ultrasound and X-ray computed tomography imaging. Blood, urine, and tissue-based diagnoses can be time consuming, while ultrasound and CT imaging have relatively low spatial resolution, with reduced sensitivity. Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive and high-resolution imaging technique that provides superior spatial resolution (micrometer scale) as compared to ultrasound and CT. Changes in tissue properties can be detected based on the optical metrics analyzed from the OCT signals, such as optical attenuation and speckle variance. Furthermore, OCT does not rely on ionizing radiation as with CT imaging. In addition to structural changes, the elasticity of the kidney can significantly change due to nephritis. In this work, OCT has been utilized to quantify the difference in tissue properties between healthy and nephritic murine kidneys. Although OCT imaging could identify the diseased tissue, its classification accuracy is clinically inadequate. By combining optical metrics with elasticity, the classification accuracy improves from 76% to 95%. These results show that OCT combined with OCE can be a powerful tool for identifying and classifying nephritis. Therefore, the OCT/OCE method could potentially be used as a minimally invasive tool for longitudinal studies during the progression and therapy of glomerulonephritis as well as complement and, perhaps, substitute highly invasive tissue biopsies. Elastic-wave propagation in mouse healthy and nephritic kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Chih-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Manmohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Zhaolong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Jiasong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. cmohan@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. klarin@uh.edu.|Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77584, USA. klarin@uh.edu.|Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia. klarin@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Kirill V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Larin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D051379:Mice; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Young's modulus; elastic-wave velocity; elasticity optical coherence elastography; glomerulonephritis; optical attenuation; speckle variance