title: Airborne Particulate Matter in Two Multi-Family Green Buildings: Concentrations and Effect of Ventilation and Occupant Behavior.
abstract: There are limited data on air quality parameters, including airborne particulate matter (PM) in residential green buildings, which are increasing in prevalence. Exposure to PM is associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and since Americans spend almost 90% of their time indoors, residential exposures may substantially contribute to overall airborne PM exposure. Our objectives were to: (1) measure various PM fractions longitudinally in apartments in multi-family green buildings with natural (Building E) and mechanical (Building L) ventilation; (2) compare indoor and outdoor PM mass concentrations and their ratios (I/O) in these buildings, taking into account the effects of occupant behavior; and (3) evaluate the effect of green building designs and operations on indoor PM. We evaluated effects of ventilation, occupant behaviors, and overall building design on PM mass concentrations and I/O. Median PMTOTAL was higher in Building E (56 µg/m³) than in Building L (37 µg/m³); I/O was higher in Building E (1.3-2.0) than in Building L (0.5-0.8) for all particle size fractions. Our data show that the building design and occupant behaviors that either produce or dilute indoor PM (e.g., ventilation systems, combustion sources, and window operation) are important factors affecting residents' exposure to PM in residential green buildings.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. patton@eohsi.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Allison P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. calderon@envsci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. youyou@envsci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Youyou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. jwang@iitri.org.
authors.forename: Zuocheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Ave., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. jsenick@rci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senick
authors.affiliation: Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Ave., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. maryann.sa@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: MaryAnn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorensen Allacci
authors.affiliation: Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Ave., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. dplotnik@rci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plotnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Technology, Culture &amp; Society, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. rwener@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wener
authors.affiliation: Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Ave., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. cja1@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Clinton J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. krogmann@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krogmann
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. mainelis@envsci.rutgers.edu.|Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. mainelis@envsci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mainelis
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006798:Housing; D009518:New York; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014691:Ventilation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: behavior; green buildings; indoor air quality; particulate matter; ventilation