title: Magnetic macromolecular cross linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of glucoamylase.
abstract: This work illustrates the preparation of magnetic macromolecular glucoamylase CLEAs using dialdehydic pectin, as a cross linker instead of traditional glutaraldehyde. The effect of precipitators type and amount, cross linker concentration, cross linking time and amount of amino functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AFMNs) on glucoamylase activity was studied. Glucoamylase magnetic macromolecular CLEAs prepared by precipitation in presence of AFMNs by ammonium sulfate were subsequently cross linked by dialdehydic pectin. After cross-linked by pectin, 95.4% activity recovery was achieved in magnetic macromolecular CLEAs, whereas in case of glutaraldehyde cross linker, 85.3% activity recovery was achieved. Magnetic macromolecular CLEAs showed 2.91 and 1.27 folds higher thermal stability as compared to free and magnetic glutaraldehyde CLEAs. In kinetics study, magnetic macromolecular CLEAs retained same Km values, whereas magnetic glutaraldehyde CLEAs showed higher Km value than free enzyme. The porous structure of magnetic macromolecular CLEAs was not only enhanced mass transfer toward macromolecular substrates, but also showed compression resistance for 5 consecutive cycles which was checked in terms of effectiveness factor. At the end, in reusability study; magnetic macromolecular CLEAs were retained 84% activity after 10(th) cycle without leaching of enzyme which is 22% higher than traditional magnetic CLEAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
authors.forename: Shamraja S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nadar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India. Electronic address: vk.rathod@ictmumbai.edu.in.
authors.forename: Virendra K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Rathod
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008280:Magnetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010368:Pectins; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Cross linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs); Enzyme immobilization; Glucoamylase; Macromolecular cross linker; Magnetic nanoparticles