title: Working "out-of-phase" with reference to chronotype compromises sleep quality in police officers.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the sleep characteristics, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the police officers working during out-of-phase (OP) and in-phase (IP) duty schedules with respect to their chronotypes. Adult male and female police officers (n = 85) were asked to answer Hindi/English version of different questionnaires to assess their chronotype (morningness-eveningness questionnaire; MEQ), PSQI scores (Pittsburgh sleep quality index), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale, ESS) and fatigue levels (fatigue severity scale, FSS) and fill a sleep log. Based on their PSQI scores, the participating subjects (n = 85) were divided into two categories: good sleepers (58/85) and poor sleepers (27/85). Of these 85 subjects, 23 subjects (good sleepers n = 13; poor sleepers n = 10) volunteered for the next part of the study. At the beginning of the study, the existing duty schedule of these subjects was OP and lasted for 4 days (OP1). Thereafter, they were allotted their preferred (IP) duty schedule for 4 days, followed by OP2 for further 4 days. Over the 12-day period, subjects were monitored for their BP and sleep-wake cycle. Results showed that the poor sleepers improved their sleep quality and HR during IP duty schedule; however, good sleepers were not affected significantly.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Excellence in Biological Rhythm Research, Department of Zoology , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Arjita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: a Center for Excellence in Biological Rhythm Research, Department of Zoology , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.affiliation: b Department of Zoology , NSNPG College , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Sudhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016495:Police; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Blood pressure; chronotypes; in-phase; out-of-phase; police officers; shift work; sleep characteristics