title: Pathogenesis-Related Proteins Limit the Retention of Condensed Tannin Additions to Red Wines.
abstract: Exogenous additions of condensed tannin (CT) to must or wine are a common winemaking practice, but many studies have reported inexplicably low and variable retention of added CT. We observed that additions of purified CT to red wines can result in the formation of an insoluble precipitate with high nitrogen content. Proteomic analysis of the precipitant identified several classes of pathogenesis-related proteins. Proteins in juices and red wines were quantitated by SDS-PAGE and were highest in native Vitis spp., followed by interspecific hybrids and Vitis vinifera. Wine protein was positively correlated with the ratio of juice protein to the quantity of tannin derived from fruit. The binding of added CT by wine protein could be well modeled by the Freundlich equation. These observations may explain the poor CT retention in previous studies, particularly for interspecific hybrids, and also indicate that protein removal during winemaking may improve exogenous CT retention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, and ‡Biotechnology Resource Center Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
authors.forename: Lindsay F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, and ‡Biotechnology Resource Center Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, and ‡Biotechnology Resource Center Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
authors.forename: Gavin L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Sacks
mesh_terms: D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040901:Proteomics; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D010940:Plant Proteins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins
keywords: protein precipitation; tannin; wine flavor