title: Undermining Adolescent Autonomy With Parents and Peers: The Enduring Implications of Psychologically Controlling Parenting.
abstract: This study used a longitudinal, multi-method design to examine whether teens' perceptions of maternal psychological control predicted lower levels of adolescent autonomy displayed with their mothers and peers over time. Significant predictions from teens' perceptions of maternal psychological control to teens' displays of autonomy in maternal and peer relationships were found at age 16 after accounting for adolescent displays of autonomy with mothers and peers at age 13, indicating relative changes in teens' autonomy displayed with their mother and a close peer over time. Results suggest that the ability to assert one's autonomy in mid-adolescence may be influenced by maternal behavior early in adolescence, highlighting the importance of parents minimizing psychological control to facilitate autonomy development for teens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005.
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, 91 E. Grace Street, MSC 7704, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Szwedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Box 400400, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4400.
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Box 400400, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4400.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Allen
keywords: Adolescence; autonomy; parenting; peers; psychological control