title: Antioxidant Properties of Seeds from Lines of Artichoke, Cultivated Cardoon and Wild Cardoon.
abstract: The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus L.), the cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC.) and the wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris L.) are species widely distributed in the Mediterranean area. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of seeds from lines of artichoke and cultivated and wild cardoon in both aqueous-organic extracts and their residues by FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) evaluations. Both artichoke and cardoon seeds are a good source of antioxidants. Among artichoke seeds, hydrolysable polyphenols contribution to antioxidant properties ranged from 41% to 78% for FRAP values and from 17% to 37% for TEAC values. No difference between cultivated and wild cardoon in antioxidant properties are reported. Our results could provide information about the potential industrial use and application of artichoke and/or cardoon seeds.
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. durazzo@inran.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durazzo
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. foddai@inran.it.
authors.forename: Maria Stella
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Foddai
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy. andreatemperini@libero.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Temperini
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. azzini@inran.it.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azzini
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. venneria@inran.it.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venneria
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. lucarini@inran.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. finotti@inran.it.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Finotti
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. gianluca.maiani@alice.it.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maiani
authors.affiliation: Technical Unit for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Agro-Industrial System (UTAGRI), ENEA, Casaccia C.R., Via Anguillarese 301, Rome 00123, Italy. paola.crino@enea.it.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crinò
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy. migammabeta@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saccardo
authors.affiliation: CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. gianluca.maiani@alice.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maiani
keywords: Cynara cardunculus; FRAP; TEAC; aqueous-organic extract; residue; seeds