title: Effect of metabolic syndrome components and their clustering on carotid atherosclerosis in a sample of the general Japanese population.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on carotid atherosclerosis in a Japanese population. A total of 1727 subjects (805 males and 922 females) were included. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured using ultrasonography. To evaluate the independent determinants of IMT, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed that included age, current smoking habit, LDL-C, HbA1c and the MS components (SBP, DBP, TG, HDL-C, FBG, and WC) as independent variables. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the independent associations of the MS components with IMT. In males, age (β=0.383, P<0.001), SBP (β=0.237, P<0.001), LDL-C (β=0.188, P<0.001), current smoking habit (β=0.124, P=0.007) and HbA1c (β=0.110, P=0.014) were significantly associated with IMT. In females, age (β=0.474, P<0.001), SBP (β=0.130, P=0.003) and FBG (β=0.110, P=0.038) were significantly associated with IMT. The present study demonstrated that an elevated number of MS components, with or without central obesity, is associated with higher IMT. Among the analyzed components, hypertension has the strongest association with higher IMT.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyai
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idoue
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sonomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwahara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014463:Ultrasonography