title: Dietary Changes over 25 Years in Tianjin Residents: Findings from the 1986-1988, 2000-2004, and 2008-2011 Nutrition Surveys.
abstract: In China, the rates of chronic diseases characteristic of countries in nutritional transition have been increasing. However, few studies have examined diet changes in recent decades. We analyzed dietary changes in Tianjin, China. The data in this descriptive, population-based study in ≥18-year-old adults were collected from three surveys from 1986 to 2011. Food consumption and nutrient intake were compared among the three surveys separately for urban and rural areas. Differences in food consumption between urban and rural areas in different periods were also shown. The consumption of cereals, vegetables, and oils decreased, and that of fruits and beans increased in both urban and rural areas. Moreover, the total consumption of animal foods, especially milk, increased (0.01% in 1986-1988; 1.72% in 2008-2011) in rural areas. Although milk consumption also increased in urban areas, consumption of other animal foods decreased (19.33% in 1986-1988; 13.74% in 2008-2011). Meanwhile, cereals consumption rebounded from 22.63% in 2000-2004 to 29.75% in 2008-2011. Moreover, the lack of dairy products and some nutrients, e.g., retinol, calcium, and dietary fiber (<80% of recommended nutrient intake), in the diet persisted in both urban and rural areas. In conclusion, differences in diet between urban and rural areas decreased over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070 Tianjin, China. wangxuan@tmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070 Tianjin, China. wuyuntang@tmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuntang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070 Tianjin, China. zhangxumei@tmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070 Tianjin, China. defjmmm@163.com.
authors.forename: Meilin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070 Tianjin, China. huangguowei@tmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: dietary pattern; nutrition survey; rural area; urban area