title: A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants.
abstract: A new method for solid phase extraction (SPE) of environmental water samples is proposed. The developed prototype is cost-efficient and user friendly, and enables to perform rapid, automated and simple SPE. The pre-concentrated solution is compatible with analysis by immunoassay, with a low organic solvent content. A method is described for the extraction and pre-concentration of natural hormone 17β-estradiol in 100 ml water samples. Reverse phase SPE is performed with octadecyl-silica sorbent and elution is done with 200 µl of methanol 50% v/v. Eluent is diluted by adding di-water to lower the amount of methanol. After preparing manually the SPE column, the overall procedure is performed automatically within 1 hr. At the end of the process, estradiol concentration is measured by using a commercial enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). 100-fold pre-concentration is achieved and the methanol content in only 10% v/v. Full recoveries of the molecule are achieved with 1 ng/L spiked de-ionized and synthetic sea water samples.
authors.affiliation: Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich; sarah.heub@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heub
authors.affiliation: Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique.
authors.forename: Noe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tscharner
authors.affiliation: Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique; Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich.
authors.forename: Petra S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dittrich
authors.affiliation: Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Follonier
authors.affiliation: Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbe
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C026679:octadecylsilica; D014867:Water; D004958:Estradiol; D012822:Silicon Dioxide