title: Evidence-based Frameworks for Teaching and Learning in Classical Singing Training: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study systematically reviews evidence-based frameworks for teaching and learning of classical singing training.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search of 15 electronic databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. Eligibility criteria included type of publication, participant characteristics, intervention, and report of outcomes. Quality rating scales were applied to support assessment of the included literature. Data analysis was conducted using meta-aggregation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine papers met the inclusion criteria. No complete evidence-based teaching and learning framework was found. Thematic content analysis showed that studies either (1) identified teaching practices in one-to-one lessons, (2) identified student learning strategies in one-to-one lessons or personal practice sessions, and (3) implemented a tool to enhance one specific area of teaching and learning in lessons. The included studies showed that research in music education is not always specific to musical genre or instrumental group, with four of the nine studies including participant teachers and students of classical voice training only. The overall methodological quality ratings were low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research in classical singing training has not yet developed an evidence-based framework for classical singing training. This review has found that introductory information on teaching and learning practices has been provided, and tools have been suggested for use in the evaluation of the teaching-learning process. High-quality methodological research designs are needed.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crocco
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.. Electronic address: c.madill@usyd.edu.au.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Madill
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCabe
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D017145:Models, Educational; D063346:Singing; D013334:Students; D013663:Teaching
keywords: Learn; Pedagogy; Sing; Teach; Voice