title: Long-Term Intravenous Ketamine for Analgesia in a Child with Severe Chronic Intestinal Graft versus Host Disease.
abstract: Ketamine is reported to be an effective adjuvant to opioids in the treatment of refractory cancer pain; however, the use of high doses of ketamine for extended periods in pediatric patients has not been described. We present a five-year-old male with grade IV intestinal GVHD whose abdominal pain required both hydromorphone and ketamine for a period of over four months. There was no evidence of hepatotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, or other adverse effects. Possible withdrawal symptoms were mild and were readily mitigated by gradually weaning ketamine.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Leroy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schechter