title: Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are able to incorporate and enhance a pre-formed Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm.
abstract: Gardnerella vaginalis is the most frequent microorganism found in bacterial vaginosis (BV), while Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are amongst the most frequent pathogens found in urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to evaluate possible interactions between UTIs pathogens and G. vaginalis using an in vitro dual-species biofilm model. Our results showed that dual-species biofilms reached significantly higher bacterial concentration than monospecies biofilms. Moreover, visualization of dual-populations species in the biofilms, using the epifluorescence microscopy, revealed that all of the urogenital pathogens coexisted with G. vaginalis. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that uropathogens can incorporate into mature BV biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal nunocerca@ceb.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cerca
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: bacterial vaginosis; mixed biofilms; urinary tract infection; uropathogens