title: Destinations That Older Adults Experience Within Their GPS Activity Spaces Relation to Objectively Measured Physical Activity.
abstract: Identifying the relevant geography is an ongoing obstacle to effectively evaluate the influence of neighborhood built environment on physical activity. We characterized density and diversity of destinations that 77 older adults experienced within individually representative GPS activity spaces and traditional residential buffers and assessed their associations with accelerometry-measured physical activity. Traditional residential buffers had lower destination density and diversity than activity spaces. Activity spaces based only on pedestrian and bicycling trips had higher destination densities than all-mode activity spaces. Regardless of neighborhood definition, adjusted associations between destinations and physical activity generally failed to reach statistical significance. However, within pedestrian and bicycling-based activity spaces each additional destination type was associated with 243.3 more steps/day (95% confidence interval (CI) 36.0, 450.7). Traditional buffers may not accurately portray the geographic space or neighborhood resources experienced by older adults. Pedestrian and bicycling activity spaces elucidate the importance of destinations for facilitating active transportation.
authors.affiliation: Research completed at: Centre for Hip Health and Mobility and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1M9. Present location: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 206 West Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
authors.forename: Jana A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hip Health and Mobility and Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.
authors.forename: Maureen C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ashe
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA.
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hip Health and Mobility and Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McKay
keywords: Activity Space; Destinations; Global Positioning Systems (GPS)/Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Mobility; Neighborhood Attributes; Physical Activity; Walkability