title: Mediating role of energy-balance related behaviors in the association of neighborhood socio-economic status and residential area density with BMI: The SPOTLIGHT study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of energy-balance related behaviors on the association of neighborhood socio-economic status (SES) and neighborhood residential area density (RAD) with body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 6037 adults from four neighborhood types (high SES/high RAD, high SES/low RAD, low SES/high RAD, and low SES/low RAD) in five Mid-European urban regions completed an online survey asking about their energy-balance related behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior, and dietary behavior), determinants of these behaviors and their body weight and height. MacKinnon's product-of-coefficients test was used to assess mediating effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transport-related PA, leisure-time PA and vegetable intake seemed to mediate the association between neighborhood type and BMI. Residents from low SES/low RAD neighborhoods reported less transport-related PA, less leisure-time PA and less vegetable intake than high SES/high RAD residents, and these behaviors (i.e. transport-related PA, leisure-time PA and vegetable intake) were related to having a higher BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between neighborhood type and BMI can be explained, at least in part, by energy-balance related behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Compernolle
authors.affiliation: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Nutritionnelle), U1153 INSERM, INRA, CNAM, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et, Biostatistiques, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut cardiométabolisme et nutrition, service de nutrition, hôpital Piitie-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joreintje D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mackenbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lakerveld
authors.affiliation: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Nutritionnelle), U1153 INSERM, INRA, CNAM, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et, Biostatistiques, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut cardiométabolisme et nutrition, service de nutrition, hôpital Piitie-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), France; Paris Est University, Lab-Urba Urban Institute of Paris, UPEC, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Charreire
authors.affiliation: ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ketevan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glonti
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bardos
authors.affiliation: ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Cocker
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Ilse.DeBourdeaudhuij@Ugent.be.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Bourdeaudhuij
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011156:Population Density; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012923:Social Class
keywords: Obesity-related behaviors; Overweight; Residential density; Socio-economic status