title: Fate assessment of engineered nanoparticles in solids dominated media - Current insights and the way forward.
abstract: Exposure assessment of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in soil and sediment is severely hampered by a lack of understanding of the underlying processes and of the impact of matrix constituents on the fate of ENPs in natural systems, including porewater properties like pH, ionic strength, and presence of naturally occurring (nano)particles. Additional issues such as lack of proper methods for in-situ assessment of ENP speciation, ENP ageing, and agglomeration state, hinder proper exposure assessment. Let alone that the lack does not allow for development of predictive methods for endpoints like transformation and agglomeration potential. This paper discusses current approaches for fate assessment of ENPs in solids dominated media and addresses the most prominent knowledge gaps and how these may be addressed. It is concluded that the key issue to be dealt with, are the attachment and deposition processes that are characteristic for ENPs as opposed to equilibrium-driven partitioning processes of non-particulate organic and inorganic contaminants.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health and The Environment, Center for Safety of Products and Substances, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: willie.peijnenburg@rivm.nl.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peijnenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 UZAII, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Praetorius
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott-Fordsmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornelis
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil
keywords: Agglomeration; Dissolution; Engineered nanoparticles; Fate; Soils; Transport