title: Increased p53 and decreased p21 accompany apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation in the nervous system of a crustacean.
abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can produce biological damage, leading the cell to apoptosis by the p53 pathway. This study evaluated some molecular markers of the apoptosis pathway induced by UVA, UVB and UVA+ UVB (Solar Simulator, SIM) in environmental doses, during five consecutive days of exposure, in the brain of the crab Ucides cordatus. We evaluated the central nervous system (CNS) by immunoblotting the content of proteins p53, p21, phosphorylated AKT, BDNF, GDNF, activated caspase-3 (C3) and phosphohistone H3 (PH3); and by immunohistochemical tests of the cells labeled for PH3 and C3. After the fifth day of exposure, UVB radiation and SIM increased the protein content of p53, increasing the content of AKT and, somehow, blocking p21, increasing the content of activated caspase-3, which led the cells to apoptosis. The signs of death affected the increase in neurotrophins, such as BDNF and GDNF, stimulating the apoptotic cascade of events. Immunohistochemical assays and immunoblotting showed that apoptosis was present in the brains of all UV groups, while the number of mitotic cells in the same groups decreased. In conclusion, environmental doses of UV can cause apoptosis by increasing p53 and decreasing p21, revealing an UV-damage pathway for U. cordatus.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil. Electronic address: gabrielahollmann@biof.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hollmann
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil. Electronic address: rlinden@biof.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire-IGBMC, INSERM, Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: angela.giangrande@igbmc.fr.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giangrande
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil. Electronic address: sallodi@biof.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allodi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003386:Brachyura / Q000528:radiation effects*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009420:Nervous System / Q000528:radiation effects; D013472:Sunlight; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Apoptosis; Central nervous system; Crustacean; Mitosis; Neurotrophins; Ultraviolet radiation