title: The SRAP based molecular diversity related to antifungal and antioxidant bioactive constituents for biocontrol potentials of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii Scc.
abstract: The study was performed to examine 11 isolates of Trichoderma for their bio-control potentials against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing stem rot in groundnut. The antagonists Trichoderma were subjected to sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) based molecular diversity analysis and compared with their hardness to S. rolfsii with respect to secretary antifungal and antioxidant profile. T. virens NBAII Tvs 12 evident highest (87.91 %) growth inhibition of test pathogen followed by T. koningii MTCC 796 (67.03 %) at 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Microscopic study confirmed biocontrol mechanism as mycoparasitism for Tvs 12 and antibiosis for MTCC 796. The growth inhibition of test pathogen was significantly negatively correlated with sclerotia formation and lipid peroxidation during antagonism due to release of secretary bioactive antioxidants by antagonists to terminate oxidative burst generated by S. rolfsii and causing inhibition of sclerotium formation. The GC-MS profile identified antifungal and antioxidant constituents hexadecane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester, 1-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride, and octadecane in potent antagonists Tvs 12; and nonacosane and octadecane in MTCC 796 along with two novel compounds 1-pentadecene and 1-heneicosyl formate for biocontrol activity. Molecular diversity of Trichoderma isolates associated with antagonistic activity was assessed by SRAP markers. The 115 primer combinations generate total 1328 amplified products of which, 1095 are shared polymorphic and 199 are unique polymorphic. The 15 SRAP combinations produced 18 bands to diagnose best antagonist Tvs 12 and 13 SRAP combinations generated 19 unique bands for identification of MTCC 796. The mycoparasitic antagonist Tvs 12 would be the best antagonist and released unique antifungal and antioxidant constituents to combat pathogen infection. The SRAP based genetic diversity indicates Tvs12 strain clustered with T. viride NBAII Tv23 and shared only 52 % similarity with other isolates of Trichoderma. The SRAP similarities explained substantial diversity (19-68 %) across Trichoderma isolates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Darshna G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hirpara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India. harsukhgajera@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gajera
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bhimani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Golakiya
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001487:Basidiomycota; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Biocontrol activity; GC–MS profile; Molecular diagnosis; SRAP diversity; Sclerotium rolfsii; Trichoderma