title: Quality control evaluation of nutraceutical products from Ginkgo biloba using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: Analysis of 11 commercial nutraceutical products obtained from ginkgo has been performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to single-stage Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). The main phytochemicals present in these samples were detected and quantified, utilizing a database containing 65 compounds. Phytochemicals were extracted using a mixture of an aqueous solution of methanol:water (80:20, v/v) in two sequential solid-liquid extractions. Adequate validation parameters were obtained. The validated compounds exhibited suitable linearity with determination coefficients (R(2)) higher than 0.99, and intra and inter-day precision were lower than 17 and 22%, respectively. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were calculated, ranging from 2 to 10 μg L(-1), except for myricetin (LOD, 150 μg L(-1) and LOQ, 300 μg L(-1)). Results indicate that the amount of terpenoids greatly varies among samples, ranging from 1133 (C7) to 12706 mg kg(-1) (C11). This emphasizes the importance of improve quality control in ginkgo-based products. Moreover, retrospective analysis allowed the detection of some undesirable substances as ginkgolic acid in the samples evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: López-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero-González
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis Martínez
authors.initials: JLM
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain. Electronic address: agarrido@ual.es.
authors.forename: Antonia Garrido
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Frenich
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D064209:Phytochemicals; D012459:Salicylates; C112485:ginkgolic acid
keywords: Bioactive compounds; Ginkgo biloba; Ginkgolides; Orbitrap; Terpenoids