title: Selenium Alleviates Aflatoxin B₁-Induced Immune Toxicity through Improving Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and Selenoprotein S Expression in Primary Porcine Splenocytes.
abstract: Selenium (Se) is generally known as an essential micronutrient and antioxidant for humans and animals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a frequent contaminant of food and feed, causing immune toxicity and hepatotoxicity. Little has been done about the mechanisms of how Se protects against AFB1-induced immune toxicity. The aim of this present study is to investigate the protective effects of Se against AFB1 and the underlying mechanisms. The primary splenocytes isolated from healthy pigs were stimulated by anti-pig-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and treated by various concentrations of different Se forms and AFB1. The results showed that Se supplementation alleviated the immune toxicity of AFB1 in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by increasing T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 production. Addition of buthionine sulfoximine abrogated the protective effects of SeMet against AFB1. SeMet enhanced mRNA and protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), selenoprotein S (SelS), and thioredoxin reductase 1 without and with AFB1 treatments. Furthermore, knockdown of GPx1 and SelS by GPx1-specific siRNA and SelS-specific siRNA diminished the protective effects of SeMet against AFB1-induced immune toxicity. It is concluded that SeMet diminishes AFB1-induced immune toxicity through increasing antioxidant ability and improving GPx1 and SelS expression in splenocytes. This study suggests that organic selenium may become a promising supplementation to protect humans and animals against the decline in immunity caused by AFB1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Junfa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Suquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Haibing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Kehe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012643:Selenium / Q000276:immunology*; D051140:Selenoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
chemical_list: D051140:Selenoproteins; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D012643:Selenium; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
keywords: aflatoxin B1; immune toxicity; oxidative stress; selenomethionine; selenoprotein