title: Template-Free 3D Microprinting of Metals Using a Force-Controlled Nanopipette for Layer-by-Layer Electrodeposition.
abstract: A novel 3D printing method for voxel-by-voxel metal printing is presented. Hollow atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers are used to locally supply metal ions in an electrochemical cell, enabling a localized electroplating reaction. By exploiting the deflection feedback of these probes, electrochemical 3D metal printing is, for the first time, demonstrated in a layer-by-layer fashion, enabling the fabrication of arbitrary-shaped geometries.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hirt
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ihle
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Livie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dorwling-Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spolenak
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vörös
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tomaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zambelli
mesh_terms: D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D004595:Electroplating; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D019327:Copper Sulfate
keywords: 3D metal printing; FluidFM; local electroplating