title: Multimodal iron oxide (Fe3O4)-saturated lactoferrin nanocapsules as nanotheranostics for real-time imaging and breast cancer therapy of claudin-low, triple-negative (ER(-)/PR(-)/HER2(-)).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To unravel the multimodal nanotheranostic ability of Fe3O4-saturated bovine lactoferrin nanocapsules (FebLf NCs) in claudin-low, triple-negative breast cancer model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Xenograft study was performed to examine biocompatibility, antitumor efficacy and multimodal nanotheranostic action in combination with near-infrared live mice imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FebLf NCs exhibited a size range of 80 nm ± 5 nm with observed superparamagnetism. FebLf NCs successfully internalized into breast cancer cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis and induced apoptosis through the downregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis survivin and livin proteins. Investigations revealed a remarkable biocompatibility, anticancer efficacy of the FebLf NCs. Near-infrared imaging observations confirmed selective localization of multimodal FebLf NCs at the tumor site and lead to time-dependent reduction of tumor growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FebLf NCs can be safe, biocompatible nanotheranostic approach for real-time imaging and monitoring the effect of drugs in real time and have potentials in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), Centre Molecular & Medical Research (C-MMR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
authors.forename: Jagat R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kanwar
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), Centre Molecular & Medical Research (C-MMR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
authors.forename: Sishir K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kamalapuram
authors.affiliation: L&T Ophthalmic Pathology Department, In charge Stem Cell Laboratory & Nano-biotechnology Laboratory Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnakumar
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), Centre Molecular & Medical Research (C-MMR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
authors.forename: Rupinder K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kanwar
mesh_terms: D057167:Claudins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D053769:Nanocapsules; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D057167:Claudins; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D053769:Nanocapsules; C000499:ferric oxide; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: apoptosis; bovine lactoferrin; iron metabolism; multimodal imaging; nanotheranostic