title: Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activity of Calophyllum brasiliense Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Conventional Techniques.
abstract: The conventional techniques used to extract natural products have many disadvantages, and alternative methods have been used, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2). We compared the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and major pure compounds were obtained from the leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense by SFE-CO2, maceration and Soxhlet. Anti-M tuberculosis activity was evaluated by resazurin microtiter assay plate and cytotoxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. The (-) mammea A/BB, (-) mammea B/BB, mammea B/BB cyclo D, ponnalide, mammea A/BA cyclo D, and amentoflavone were identified as the majority compounds. SFE-CO2, especially at 313 K and 10.92 MPa showed better yield for (-) mammea A/BB. Anti-M. tuberculosis activity (62.5 μg/mL) and cytotoxicity (Selectivity Index = 0.320-0.576) were similar for the three extracts. Mammea B/BB cyclo D had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 μg/mL, and ponnalide and mammea A/BA cyclo D had MICs > 250 μg/mL. The pure compounds isolated showed low Selectivity Index (< 0.09). SFE-CO2 may be more promising than conventional methods for the extraction of compound (-) mammea A/BB, which presented the best anti-M. tuberculosis activity in our previous study. This is important for current industrial requirements to obtain extracts from medicinal plants using clean technologies.
authors.forename: Claudia T A
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Regiane B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de L Scodro
authors.forename: Mislaine A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brenzan
authors.forename: Diógenes A G
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.forename: Vera L D
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Lúcio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cardozo-Filho
authors.forename: Renata M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.forename: Katiany R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Caleffi-Ferracioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa. Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. rfressatticardoso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosilene F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D029759:Calophyllum; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D003374:Coumarins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D044946:Biflavonoids; D003374:Coumarins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C011164:amentoflavone