title: Sex steroids and growth hormone interactions.
abstract: GH and sex hormones are critical regulators of body growth and composition, somatic development, intermediate metabolism, and sexual dimorphism. Deficiencies in GH- or sex hormone-dependent signaling and the influence of sex hormones on GH biology may have a dramatic impact on liver physiology during somatic development and in adulthood. Effects of sex hormones on the liver may be direct, through hepatic receptors, or indirect by modulating endocrine, metabolic, and gender-differentiated functions of GH. Sex hormones can modulate GH actions by acting centrally, regulating pituitary GH secretion, and peripherally, by modulating GH signaling pathways. The endocrine and/or metabolic consequences of long-term exposure to sex hormone-related compounds and their influence on the GH-liver axis are largely unknown. A better understanding of these interactions in physiological and pathological states will contribute to preserve health and to improve clinical management of patients with growth, developmental, and metabolic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain. Electronic address: leandrofco.fernandez@ulpgc.es.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernández-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Mirecki-Garrido
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, University of La Laguna, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Díaz-Chico
mesh_terms: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006801:Humans; D010902:Pituitary Gland; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Dimorfismo sexual; E2; GH; Hígado; Liver; Metabolism; Metabolismo; Sexual dimorphism; Testosterona; Testosterone