title: Adult metastatic yolk sac tumor descending from an intra-abdominal testis: A case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Pure yolk sac tumors are extremely rare in adults; to the best of our knowledge, <20 cases have been reported. Multiple metastases originating from a pure yolk sac testicular tumor, descending from an intra-abdominal testis, are additionally extremely rare. In the present case, a man exhibiting a 30-year history of cryptorchidism and indirect inguinal hernia, was admitted to the Department of Urology (The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China) due to a mass that had descended from the abdominal cavity 7 months previously. Elevated levels of specific serum marker (α-fetoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase and human chorionic gonadotropin) did not indicate potential testicular germ cell types prior to surgery and pathological examination. Pathological results and immunohistochemistry revealed a testicular pure yolk sac tumor subsequent to surgery. The present case report and literature review describes the typical characteristics of an adult testicular yolk sac tumor, as well as the diagnosis and management of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China; Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yong-Bao
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jin-Rui
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: chemotherapy; cryptorchidism; metastasis; sperm cryopreservation; yolk sac tumor