title: Quantification of coffee blends for authentication of Asian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak) via metabolomics: A proof of concept.
abstract: Asian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak), an animal-digested coffee with an exotic feature, carries a notorious reputation of being the rarest and most expensive coffee beverage in the world. Considering that illegal mixture of cheap coffee into civet coffee is a growing concern among consumers, we evaluated the use of metabolomics approach and orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) prediction technique to quantify the degree of coffee adulteration. Two prediction sets, consisting of certified and commercial coffee, were made from a blend of civet and regular coffee with eleven mixing percentages. The prediction model exhibited accurate estimation of coffee blend percentage thus, successfully validating the prediction and quantification of the mixing composition of known-unknown samples. This work highlighted proof of concept of metabolomics application to predict degree of coffee adulteration by determining the civet coffee fraction in blends.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Udi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jumhawan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Sastia Prama
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Putri
authors.affiliation: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jalan PB Sudirman 90, Jember East Java 68118, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Yusianto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: fukusaki@bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fukusaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040503:Coffea / Q000378:metabolism*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D055432:Metabolomics; D045949:Viverridae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee
keywords: Asian palm civet coffee; Coffee blend; Kopi Luwak; Metabolomics; Orthogonal projection to latent structures; Prediction model