title: Modulation of Candida albicans virulence by bacterial biofilms on titanium surfaces.
abstract: Whilst Candida albicans occurs in peri-implant biofilms, its role in peri-implantitis remains unclear. This study therefore examined the virulence of C. albicans in mixed-species biofilms on titanium surfaces. Biofilms of C. albicans (Ca), C. albicans with streptococci (Streptococcus sanguinis, S. mutans) (Ca-Ss-Sm) and those incorporating Porphyromonas gingivalis (Ca-Pg and Ca-Ss-Sm-Pg) were developed. Expression of C. albicans genes associated with adhesion (ALS1, ALS3, HWP1) and hydrolytic enzymes (SAP2, SAP4, SAP6, PLD1) was measured and hyphal production by C. albicans quantified. Compared with Ca biofilms, significant (p<0.05) up-regulation of ALS3, HWP1, SAP2 and SAP6, and hyphal production occurred in biofilms containing streptococci (Ca-Ss-Sm). In Ca-Pg biofilms, down-regulation of HWP1 and SAP4 expression, with reduced hyphal production occurred. Ca-Ss-Sm-Pg biofilms had increased hyphal proportions and up-regulation of ALS3, SAP2 and SAP6. In conclusion, C. albicans expressed virulence factors in biofilms that could contribute to peri-implantitis, but this was dependent on associated bacterial species.
authors.affiliation: a Periodontology and Prosthodontics Department , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , Brazil.|b Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Yuri Wanderley
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: b Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: b Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: a Periodontology and Prosthodontics Department , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , Brazil.
authors.forename: Altair Antoninha
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Del-Bel-Cury
authors.affiliation: a Periodontology and Prosthodontics Department , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , Brazil.
authors.forename: Wander José
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: b Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000502:physiology*; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C113620:ALS3 protein, Candida albicans; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C118102:HWP1 protein, Candida albicans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Biofilms; Candida; Porphyromonas; Streptococcus; infection models; peri-implantitis