title: 3D lung motion assessments on inspiratory/expiratory thin-section CT: Capability for pulmonary functional loss of smoking-related COPD in comparison with lung destruction and air trapping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of three-dimensional (3D) lung motion on inspiratory and expiratory CT for pulmonary functional loss in smoking-related COPD in comparison with lung destruction and air trapping assessments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four consecutive smokers and COPD patients prospectively underwent inspiratory and expiratory CT. A 3D motion vector map was generated from these CTs, and regional motion magnitudes were measured at the horizontal axis (X-axis), the ventrodorsal axis (Y-axis), and the craniocaudal axis (Z-axis). All mean magnitudes within the entire lung (MMLX, MMLY, and MMLZ) were normalized by expiratory CT lung volume. Moreover, CT-based functional lung volume (FLV) on inspiratory CT and air trapping lung volume (ATLV) on expiratory CT were assessed quantitatively. To evaluate the capability for pulmonary function loss assessment, all MMLs were correlated with pulmonary function tests. Then, discrimination analysis was performed to determine the concordance capability for clinical stage, and correct classification capabilities were compared by means of McNemar's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis showed MMLY (β=0.657, p<0.001) and FLV (β=0.375, p=0.019) were correlated with percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Correct classification capabilities using patient characteristics and MMLs (68.2 (30/44)%) were significantly higher than those obtained by patient characteristics, FLV, and ATLV (54.5 (24/44)%), p=0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D lung motion parameter assessment is useful for smoking-related COPD assessment as well as lung parenchymal destruction and/or air trapping evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. Electronic address: hkoyama@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisanobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D045853:Exhalation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Lung; Pulmonary function; Quantitative CT; Respiratory motion