title: Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Bone Mineral Density in Renal Transplant Recipients.
abstract: Renal transplant recipients (RTR) suffer high rates of bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), found mainly in fish and seafood, may have beneficial effects on bone and are positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate if this association prevails despite the more complex causes of bone loss in RTR.
  
  
  
  A total of 701 RTR were included in a cross-sectional analysis. BMD of lumbar spine, proximal femur, and distal forearm were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, and blood samples were drawn in the fasting state for measurement of plasma fatty acid composition 10 weeks posttransplant. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and BMD.
  
  
  
  Mean age was 52.2 years, and two-thirds were men. Based on femoral neck T-scores, 26% of patients were osteoporotic and 52% osteopenic. Z-scores increased significantly across quartiles of marine n-3 PUFA levels, and marine n-3 PUFA was a positive predictor of BMD at total hip and lumbar spine after multivariate adjustment. No association was found between n-6 PUFA content and BMD.
  
  
  
  Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were positively associated with BMD at the hip and lumbar spine 10 weeks posttransplant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: hsjorgensen@clin.au.dk.
authors.forename: Hanne Skou
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ivar Anders
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Eide
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Åsberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeppe Hagstrup
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik Berg
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Godang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bollerslev
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: My
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid