title: Chemical Characterization, Free Radical Scavenging, and Cellular Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Stilbenoid-Rich Root Extract of Vitis vinifera.
abstract: Dietary stilbenoids are receiving increasing attention due to their potential health benefits. However, most studies concerning the bioactivity of stilbenoids were conducted with pure compounds, for example, resveratrol. The aim of this study was to characterize a complex root extract of Vitis vinifera in terms of its free radical scavenging and cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of the root extract of Vitis vinifera identified seven stilbenoids including two monomeric (resveratrol and piceatannol), two dimeric (trans-ɛ-viniferin and ampelopsin A), one trimeric (miyabenol C), and two tetrameric (r-2-viniferin = vitisin A and r-viniferin = vitisin B) compounds which may mediate its biological activity. Electron spin resonance and spin trapping experiments indicate that the root extract scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, galvinoxyl, and superoxide free radicals. On a cellular level it was observed that the root extract of Vitis vinifera protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and induces Nrf2 and its target genes heme oxygenase-1 and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Furthermore, the root extract could induce the antiatherogenic hepatic enzyme paraoxonase 1 and downregulate proinflammatory gene expression (interleukin 1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase) in macrophages. Collectively our data suggest that the root extract of Vitis vinifera exhibits free radical scavenging as well as cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esatbeyoglu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ewald
authors.affiliation: Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokokawa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Anika E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; School of Natural System, College of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsugo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winterhalter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rimbach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004249:DNA Damage; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013267:Stilbenes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human