title: Vitamin D and Evening Primrose Oil Administration Improve Glycemia and Lipid Profiles in Women with Gestational Diabetes.
abstract: Limited data are available assessing the effects of vitamin D and evening primrose oil (EPO) administration on markers of insulin resistance and lipid concentrations in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and EPO administration on insulin resistance and lipid concentrations among women with GDM. In this prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 participants with GDM were divided into 2 groups of either 1000 IU vitamin D3 and 1000 mg EPO or placebo for 6 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, fasting blood samples were obtained from the participants to measure related variables. After 6 weeks of intervention, changes in fasting plasma glucose (-3.6 ± 7.5 vs. +1.5 ± 11.4 mg/dL, P = 0.04), serum insulin concentrations (-2.0 ± 5.3 vs. +4.6 ± 10.7 µIU/mL, P = 0.004), homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (-0.5 ± 1.1 vs. +1.1 ± 2.5, P = 0.003), HOMA-B cell function (-7.7 ± 23.3 vs. +17.4 ± 42.9, P = 0.007) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.02 vs. -0.01 ± 0.02, P = 0.007) in the vitamin D plus EPO group were significantly different from the placebo group. In addition, compared with the placebo, vitamin D and EPO supplementation resulted in significant reductions in serum TAG (-20.0 ± 54.3 vs. +34.3 ± 38.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001), VLDL (-4.0 ± 10.9 vs. +6.9 ± 7.6 mg/dL, P < 0.001), TC (-22.1 ± 32.6 vs. +5.3 ± 20.1 mg/dL, P < 0.001), LDL concentrations (-18.0 ± 25.5 vs. +1.8 ± 15.7 mg/dL, P = 0.001) and TC/HDL (-0.3 ± 0.4 vs. +0.3 ± 0.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001). We did not observe any significant effect of vitamin D and EPO supplementation on serum HDL concentrations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.irct.ir : IRCT201509115623N52.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mehri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamilian
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamali
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 8715988141, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghizadeh
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 8715988141, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 8715988141, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Barij Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Memarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Barij Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahlouji
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 8715988141, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran. asemi_r@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zatolla
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Asemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Evening primrose oil; Gestational diabetes; Supplementation; Vitamin D