title: Traffic-related air pollution and alveolar nitric oxide in southern California children.
abstract: Mechanisms for the adverse respiratory effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have yet to be established. We evaluated the acute effects of TRAP exposure on proximal and distal airway inflammation by relating indoor nitric oxide (NO), a marker of TRAP exposure in the indoor microenvironment, to airway and alveolar sources of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).FeNO was collected online at four flow rates in 1635 schoolchildren (aged 12-15 years) in southern California (USA) breathing NO-free air. Indoor NO was sampled hourly and linearly interpolated to the time of the FeNO test. Estimated parameters quantifying airway wall diffusivity (DawNO) and flux (J'awNO) and alveolar concentration (CANO) sources of FeNO were related to exposure using linear regression to adjust for potential confounders.We found that TRAP exposure indoors was associated with elevated alveolar NO. A 10 ppb higher indoor NO concentration at the time of the FeNO test was associated with 0.10 ppb higher average CANO (95% CI 0.04-0.16) (equivalent to a 7.1% increase from the mean), 4.0% higher J'awNO (95% CI -2.8-11.3) and 0.2% lower DawNO (95% CI -4.8-4.6).These findings are consistent with an airway response to TRAP exposure that was most marked in the distal airways.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA eckel@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Sandrah P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Eckel
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Zilu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habre
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kiros
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berhane
authors.affiliation: Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bastain
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D001249:Asthma / Q000628:therapy; D001336:Automobiles; D001944:Breath Tests; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016014:Linear Models; D049449:Luminescence; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000737:chemistry*; D013147:Spirometry
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide