title: Security giving in surrogacy motherhood process as a caring model for commissioning mothers: A theory synthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the increasing use of surrogacy, there are no caring theories/models that serve as the basis for nursing care to surrogacy commissioning mothers. This study has designed a model for caring of surrogacy commissioning mothers in 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  The theory synthesis of Walker and Avant's strategies of theory construction (2011) was used to design a caring model/theory. The theory synthesis includes three stages: (i) selection of focal concept (the concept of "security giving in motherhood" was selected); (ii) review of studies in order to identify factors related to focal concept relevant studies (42 articles and 13 books) were reviewed, statements and concepts related to focal concept were then extracted and classified, and their relations were specified; and (iii) organization of concepts and statements within a relevant general and effective manifestation of the phenomenon under study which led to developing of a model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this caring model/theory, entitled "security giving in surrogacy motherhood", nurses roles were conceptualized within the conceptual framework that includes three main roles: (i) coordination; (ii) participation; and (iii) security giving (physical, emotional, and legal support; empowerment; presence; relationship management between both parties and advocacy). Training surrogacy specialist nurses and establishment of surrogacy care centers are important factors for implementation of the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model could help to provided better caring for surrogacy clients, especially for commissioning mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zandi
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vanaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Marziyeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiva
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Eesa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bagheri-Lankarani
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016389:Maternal-Child Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013533:Gestational Carriers
keywords: caring model; commissioning mothers; surrogacy; theory synthesis