title: Measuring quality of recovery-15 after day case surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  'Quality of recovery' scores are patient-reported outcome measures evaluating recovery after surgery and anaesthesia. However, they are not widely used in the clinical or research setting. The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) is a recently developed, psychometrically tested and validated questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective study of all adult patients undergoing orthopaedic day case surgery over a period of six months (June 2013-November 2013). Patients completed the QoR-15 score preoperatively, and then were asked to repeat the score by telephone at 24 h, 48 h and seven days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  633 patients from a possible 714 (89%) completed the preoperative questionnaire and data from 437 patients who completed scores at all four time points were analysed. Most patients returned to their preoperative score by 48 h, and had exceeded it by seven days. Construct validity was supported by a negative correlation with duration of surgery and total inpatient opioid use. There was also excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.80-0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QoR-15 is a clinically acceptable and feasible patient-centred outcome measure after day case surgery. The score demonstrated good validity, reliability and responsiveness. However, measurement of the QoR-15 score on the day of surgery may not provide a true baseline value. We suggest one follow-up call at 48 h would enable an adequate patient-centred assessment of postoperative recovery after day case orthopaedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: UCLH Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, UK Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK m.chazapis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chazapis
authors.affiliation: UCLH Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, UK Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK.
authors.forename: E M K
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rooms
authors.affiliation: Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kamming
authors.affiliation: UCLH Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, UK Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London UK.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Moonesinghe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ambulatory surgical procedures E04.030; anesthesia E03.155; health care N05.700, quality assessment