title: Effects of 12-Week Endurance Training at Natural Low Altitude on the Blood Redox Homeostasis of Professional Adolescent Athletes: A Quasi-Experimental Field Trial.
abstract: This field study investigated the influences of exposure to natural low altitude on endurance training-induced alterations of redox homeostasis in professional adolescent runners undergoing 12-week off-season conditioning program at an altitude of 1700 m (Alt), by comparison with that of their counterparts completing the program at sea-level (SL). For age-, gender-, and Tanner-stage-matched comparison, 26 runners (n = 13 in each group) were selected and studied. Following the conditioning program, unaltered serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and superoxide dismutase accompanied with an increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and decreases of xanthine oxidase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and GSH/GSSG ratio were observed in both Alt and SL groups. Serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase did not change in SL, whereas these enzymes, respectively, decreased and increased in Alt. Uric acid (UA) decreased in SL and increased in Alt. Moreover, the decreases in GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio in Alt were relatively lower compared to those in SL. Further, significant interindividual correlations were found between changes in catalase and TBARS, as well as between UA and T-AOC. These findings suggest that long-term training at natural low altitude is unlikely to cause retained oxidative stress in professional adolescent runners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Tomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau.
authors.forename: Zhaowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, China.
authors.forename: Yeheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau.
authors.forename: Qingde
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau.
authors.forename: Jinlei
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2326-3615
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000531:Altitude; D056352:Athletes; D004032:Diet; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012146:Rest; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances