title: Multi-modal two-step floating catchment area analysis of primary health care accessibility.
abstract: Two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) techniques are popular for measuring potential geographical accessibility to health care services. This paper proposes methodological enhancements to increase the sophistication of the 2SFCA methodology by incorporating both public and private transport modes using dedicated network datasets. The proposed model yields separate accessibility scores for each modal group at each demand point to better reflect the differential accessibility levels experienced by each cohort. An empirical study of primary health care facilities in South Wales, UK, is used to illustrate the approach. Outcomes suggest the bus-riding cohort of each census tract experience much lower accessibility levels than those estimated by an undifferentiated (car-only) model. Car drivers' accessibility may also be misrepresented in an undifferentiated model because they potentially profit from the lower demand placed upon service provision points by bus riders. The ability to specify independent catchment sizes for each cohort in the multi-modal model allows aspects of preparedness to travel to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: GIS Research Centre, Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK. Electronic address: mitchel.langford@southwales.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mitchel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.affiliation: GIS Research Centre, Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.affiliation: Farr Institute, College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science 2 (ILS2), Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care; D014195:Travel; D014852:Wales