title: Circling motion and screen edges as an alternative input method for on-screen target manipulation.
abstract: To investigate a new alternative interaction method, called circling interface, for manipulating on-screen objects. To specify a target, the user makes a circling motion around the target. To specify a desired pointing command with the circling interface, each edge of the screen is used. The user selects a command before circling the target.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the circling interface, we conducted an experiment with 16 participants, comparing the performance on pointing tasks with different combinations of selection method (circling interface, physical mouse and dwelling interface) and input device (normal computer mouse, head pointer and joystick mouse emulator).
  
  
  
  A circling interface is compatible with many types of pointing devices, not requiring physical activation of mouse buttons, and is more efficient than dwell-clicking. Across all common pointing operations, the circling interface had a tendency to produce faster performance with a head-mounted mouse emulator than with a joystick mouse. The performance accuracy of the circling interface outperformed the dwelling interface.
  
  
  
  It was demonstrated that the circling interface has the potential as another alternative pointing method for selecting and manipulating objects in a graphical user interface. Implications for Rehabilitation A circling interface will improve clinical practice by providing an alternative pointing method that does not require physically activating mouse buttons and is more efficient than dwell-clicking. The Circling interface can also work with AAC devices.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Hyun W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ka
authors.affiliation: b Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , New York Institute of Technology , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D013997:Time Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adaptive interface; assistive pointing; assistive technology; circling interface; computer access