title: Pressure ulcer and wounds reporting in NHS hospitals in England part 1: Audit of monitoring systems.
abstract: Internationally, health-care systems have attempted to assess the scale of and demonstrate improvement in patient harms. Pressure ulcer (PU) monitoring systems have been introduced across NHS in-patient facilities in England, including the Safety Thermometer (STh) (prevalence), Incident Reporting Systems (IRS) and the Strategic Executive Information System (STEIS) for serious incidents. This is the first of two related papers considering PU monitoring systems across NHS in-patient facilities in England and focusses on a Wound Audit (PUWA) to assess the accuracy of these systems. Part 2 of this work and recommendations are reported pp *-*. The PUWA was undertaken in line with 'gold-standard' PU prevalence methods in a stratified random sample of NHS Trusts; 24/34 (72.7%) invited NHS Trusts participated, from which 121 randomly selected wards and 2239 patients agreed to participate.
  The PUWA identified 160 (7.1%) patients with an existing PU, compared to 105 (4.7%) on STh. STh had a weighted sensitivity of 48.2% (95%CI 35.4%-56.7%) and weighted specificity of 99.0% (95%CI 98.99%-99.01%).
  The PUWA identified 189 (8.4%) patients with an existing/healed PU compared to 135 (6.0%) on IRS. IRS had an unweighted sensitivity of 53.4% (95%CI 46.3%-60.4%) and unweighted specificity of 98.3% (95%CI 97.7%-98.8%). 83 patients had one or more potentially serious PU on PUWA and 8 (9.6%) of these patients were reported on STEIS. The results identified high levels of under-reporting for all systems and highlighted data capture challenges, including the use of clinical staff to inform national monitoring systems and the completeness of clinical records for PUs.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Electronic address: i.l.smith@Leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Isabelle L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Mid Yorkshire Hospital NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK.
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D008485:Medical Audit / Q000379:methods*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D003668:Pressure Ulcer; D012308:Risk Management; D013222:State Medicine; D014947:Wounds and Injuries
keywords: Adverse event; Incident reporting; Patient safety; Pressure ulcer; Prevalence; Sensitivity