title: Increased incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in France from 1982 to 2012: a nationwide multicenter analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have shown an increased incidence of congenital hypothyroidism over the past 2 or 3 decades. The etiology of this change is unknown, but it has been related by several authors to lowering of cutoffs. We sought to determine whether the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in France has changed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the nationwide neonatal screening program for CH during the period 1982-2012. We included all children having thyroid-stimulating hormone values above the threshold and for whom diagnosis of CH confirmed by the pediatrician. We estimated multicentric temporal trends in the annual incidence rates adjusted for screening methods for thyroid dysgenesis and eutopic gland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 6622 cases of CH (28.0 per 100,000 newborns); 1895 had a eutopic gland, and 4727 had thyroid dysgenesis. The incidence of eutopic glands showed a significant annual average increase of (5.1%; 95% confidence interval: 4.3-5.9) regardless of the screening method or screening center. This increase was confirmed in severe cases (thyroid-stimulating hormone ≥ 50: 2.1%; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.9). The incidence of dysgenesis remained constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of eutopic glands increased in France, not only in mild forms but also in severe cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Diseases and Injuries, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France. Electronic address: y.barry@invs.sante.fr.
authors.forename: Yaya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Diseases and Injuries, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonaldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Diseases and Injuries, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.affiliation: French Association for Screening and Prevention of Child Handicaps, Paris, France; CHU-Angers, Unité Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique and Centre des Maladies Rares de la Réceptivité Hormonale, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coutant
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1141, DHU Protect, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Léger
authors.affiliation: French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Regional Unit of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (CIRE) Ile-de-France et Champagne-Ardenne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Annie-Claude
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Paty
authors.affiliation: French Association for Screening and Prevention of Child Handicaps, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.affiliation: French Association for Screening and Prevention of Child Handicaps, Paris, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et Dépistage Néonatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Lyon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U.1060/Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheillan
authors.affiliation: French Association for Screening and Prevention of Child Handicaps, Paris, France; CHU Rennes, Pôle de Pédiatrie Médico-chirurgicale et de Génétique Clinique, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roussey
mesh_terms: D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin
keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism; France; Incidence rate; Neonatal screening