title: Albiglutide: Is a better hope against diabetes mellitus?
abstract: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic metabolic disorder which provokes several pitfall signalling. Though, a series of anti-diabetic drugs are available in the market but T2DM is still a huge burden on the developed and developing countries. Numerous studies and survey predict the associated baleful circumstances in near future due to incessant increase in this insidious disorder. The novelty of recent explored anti-diabetic drugs including glitazone, glitazaar and gliflozines seems to be vanished due to their associated toxic side effects. Brown and Dryburgh (1970) isolated an intestinal amino acid known as gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) which had insulinotropic activity. Subsequently in 1985, another incretin glucagon likes peptide 1 (GLP-1) having potent insulinotropic properties was discovered by Schmidt and his co-workers. On the basis of results' obtained by Phase III Harmony program FDA approved (14 April, 2014) new GLP-1 agonist 'Albiglutide (ALB)', in addition to exiting components Exenatide (Eli Lilly, 2005) and Liraglutide (Novo Nordisk, 2010). ALB stimulates the release of protein kinase A (PKA) via different mechanisms which ultimately leads to increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. This increased intracellular Ca(2+) releases insulin vesicle from β-cells. In-addition, ALB being resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and has longer half life. DPP-4 can significantly degrade the level of GLP-1 agonist by hydrolysis. In spite of potent anti-hypergycemic activity, ALB has pleiotropic action of improving cardiovascular physiology. In light of these viewpoints we reveal the individual pharmacological profile of ALB and the critical analyse about its future perspective in present review.
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India. Electronic address: arunpharma2013@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Punniyakoti V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Thanikachalam
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
authors.forename: Satyendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rajput
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; C534611:rGLP-1 protein; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Albiglutide; Diabetes mellitus; Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GIP; GLP-1R analogue