title: Rearing conditions affected responses of weaned pigs to organic acids showing a positive effect on digestibility, microflora and immunity.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to assess the response of weaned pigs to organic acid SF3, which contains 34% calcium formate, 16% calcium lactate, 7% citric acid and 13% medium chain fatty acids. Dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance of piglets (21-day weaning) fed the commercial prestart diet for 1 week before receiving the experimental diets supplemented with SF3 at 0, 3 or 5 g/kg diet (Exp. 1), whereas diarrhea frequency averaged across a week was decreased by SF3 supplementation (5 g/kg diet) in piglets fed the experimental diets immediately after weaning (Exp. 2). In Exp. 3, piglets (28-day weaning) were fed the control (containing pure colistin sulfate and enramycin, respectively, at 20 mg/kg diet) for 1 week and then were fed the control or SF3-supplemented (5 g/kg diet) diet for 2 weeks. The SF3-fed piglets had greater apparent ileal digestibility of calcium and dry matter, while also demonstrating greater overall gross energy, up-regulated jejunal expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 and transforming growth factor-β, down-regulated jejunal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, higher ileal Lactobacillus, with lower total bacteria content, lower plasma TNF-α but higher IgG levels than the control-fed piglets. Collectively, SF3 consumption improved diarrhea resistance of weaned pigs by improving nutrient digestibility, piglet immunity and intestinal bacteria profile. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Yalin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Yumo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Lianqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Shengyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: De
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Bai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China. fangzhengfeng@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005561:Formates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007773:Lactates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008297:Male; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005561:Formates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007773:Lactates; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C030544:formic acid; D019343:Citric Acid; C110051:calcium lactate
keywords: growth performance; immunity; intestinal bacteria profile; organic acids; weaned pig