title: Assessment of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the mice testis by using contrast ultrasound molecular imaging.
abstract: Timely diagnosis of ischaemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury after testicular torsion may be critical for saving reproductive function. The purpose of this study was to detect IR-induced injury, indicated by E-selectin overexpression, in murine testis using ultrasound molecular contrast imaging. Mice underwent 720°unilateral testicular torsion (ischaemia) followed by detorsion (reperfusion), and the control group (Sham-IR) was operated identically without extended ischaemia. In a separate positive control group, TNF-α was injected intratesticularly to induce inflammation and compared to intratesticular saline injection. Selectin-targeted or nontargeted ultrasound contrast microbubbles were injected intravenously, and two-dimensional (2D) real-time high-resolution ultrasound testicular imaging was performed after reperfusion or after TNF-α injection. Contrast intensity levels were significantly higher in the testis of the IR group as compared to the Sham-IR group after injection of targeted contrast microbubbles. Contrast intensities were similar between the IR and Sham-IR groups after injection of nontargeted microbubbles. In addition, targeted contrast intensity levels were significantly higher in the TNF-α-treated group as compared to the control group. This study indicates that ultrasound contrast molecular imaging with microbubbles targeted to E-selectin can be used to assess IR-induced testicular injury.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA. m.celebi@omu.edu.tr, muzaffercelebi2002@yahoo.com.|Department of Reproduction, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Veterinary Faculty, Samsun, Turkey. m.celebi@omu.edu.tr, muzaffercelebi2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: A G A
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D045423:Microbubbles; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019040:E-Selectin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: E-selectin; microbubbles; testis; torsion; ultrasound