title: The prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection in the oligospermic and azoospermic men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases that affects men like women and infected cutaneous and mucosal squamous epithelium. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in the semen of oligospermic, azoospermic and normal patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2012 to June 2013, a total of 90 individuals were enrolled in this cross sectional comparative study. The participants were classified into three groups (oligospermia, azoosprmia and normal). This classification was based on a new WHO reference values for human semen characteristics published on 2010. After extraction of DNA from specimens L1 gene of HPV was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) and the PCR products of positive specimens were genotyped using INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 50 confirmed oligospermic male, 15 were HPV DNA positive (30%). In azoospemic group we had 8 HPV DNA positive (40%) and in normal group just 3 of 20(15%) samples were positive. Statistical assessment was done with SPSS v.15. Chi-square test showed no significant relationship between 3 groups results. Based on independent samples t-test, we found statistical significant relationship for sperm count (p<0.05) and sperm motility (slow) (p<0.05) in oligospermic group positive samples compared with negative. In the present study, 13 HPV genotypes were detected among positive samples. HPV genotypes 16, 45 in the high risk group and 6,11,42 in the low risk group were more frequent than the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study shows that HPV infection can affect on sperm count and motility and decrease count of sperm cell and decrease motility capability of these cells.
authors.affiliation: MS, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sherko.Nasseri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sherko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasseri
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. hrmonavari@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seyed Hamidreza
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Monavari
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. keyvanlab@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keyvani
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj Iran. b.nikkhoo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nikkhoo
authors.affiliation: PhD student, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. farhang_v_r@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rouhollah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vahabpour Roudsari
authors.affiliation: PhD student, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mkhazeni@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khazeni
keywords: Male infertility; Oligospermia; Papilloma virus