title: Effect of glycerol concentrations on the mechanical properties of additive manufactured porous calcium polyphosphate structures for bone substitute applications.
abstract: This article addresses the effects of glycerol (GLY) concentrations on the mechanical properties of calcium polyphosphate (CPP) bone substitute structures manufactured using binder jetting additive manufacturing. To achieve this goal, nine types of water-based binder solutions were prepared with 10, 12.5, and 15 wt % GLY liquid-binding agent, mixed, respectively, with 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt % ethylene glycol diacetate (EGD) flow enhancer. The print quality of each of the solutions was established quantitatively using an image processing algorithm. The print quality analysis narrowed down the solutions to three batches containing 1.5 wt % EGD and variable amount of GLY. These solutions were used to manufacture porous CPP bone substitute samples, which were characterized physically to determine shrinkage, porosity, microstructure, and compression strength. The 12.5 wt % GLY, 1.5 wt % EGD solution resulted in the highest mechanical strength after sintering (34.6 ± 5.8 MPa), illustrating similar mechanical properties when compared to previous studies (33.9 ± 6.3 MPa) of additively manufactured CPP bone substitutes using a commercially available binder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 828-835, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Esmat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheydaeian
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vlasea
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada.|Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pilliar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toyserkani
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D011122:Polyphosphates; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: additive manufacturing; bioceramic; bone substitutes; calcium polyphosphate; liquid binder development; material system development; three-dimensional printing