title: The effect of tramadol and tramadol + gabapentin combination in patients with lumbar disc herniation after epidural steroid injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of tramadol-only treatment and tramadol + gabapentin treatment in patients who had received an epidural steroid injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with hernia disc-originated acute lumbar discogenic pain were evaluated. All patients received a single dose of steroid and local anesthesia mixture epidurally via the lumbar approach. In both groups, Group T (tramadol, n = 20) and Group TG (tramadol + gabapentin, n = 20), the injection dose was adjusted to 4 mL of triamcinolone acetonide and 0.25% bupivacaine mixture. Orally, 75 mg/day tramadol or 75 mg/day tramadol + 900 mg/day gabapentin were added to the treatment. Leukocyte, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and urine serotonin levels were measured prior to and after treatment. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated byvisual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and straight leg elevation test (SLET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar improvements in VAS, ODI, and SLET values were observed in both groups in the second week. The inflammation markers were not different after treatment, neither within the groups nor between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that tramadol + gabapentin treatment was not superior to tramadol treatment.
authors.forename: Lütfiye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pirbudak
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ciçek
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Işik
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D000077206:Gabapentin; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014147:Tramadol; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D002045:Bupivacaine