title: The role of tobacco outlet density in a smoking cessation intervention for urban youth.
abstract: This study investigates the role of tobacco outlet density in a randomized controlled trial of a text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention conducted among a sample of 187 primarily African American youth in a midsize U.S. city. A moderated mediation model was used to test whether the indirect effect of residential tobacco outlet density on future smoking was mediated by the intention to smoke, and whether this indirect effect differed between adolescents who received the intervention and those who did not. Results indicated that tobacco outlet density is associated with intention to smoke, which predicts future smoking, and that the indirect effect of tobacco outlet density on future smoking is moderated by the intervention. Tobacco outlet density and the intervention can be viewed as competing forces on future smoking behavior, where higher tobacco outlet density acts to mitigate the sensitivity of an adolescent to the intervention's intended effect. Smoking cessation interventions applied to youth should consider tobacco outlet density as a contextual condition that can influence treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, 1115 W. Polett Walk, 328 Gladfelter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. Electronic address: jmennis@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mennis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Division Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Director, Commonwealth Institute for Child & Family Studies Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980489, Richmond, VA 23298-0489, USA. Electronic address: Mjmason@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing Sciences, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. Electronic address: thomas.way@villanova.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Way
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Institute for Child & Family Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980489, Richmond, VA 23298-0489, USA. Electronic address: zaharakisn@mymail.vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zaharakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003132:Commerce; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062789:Tobacco Products; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Adolescents; Density; Mediation; Moderation; Smoking; Tobacco; Tobacco outlet; Urban