title: A Mobile Phone Based Method to Assess Energy and Food Intake in Young Children: A Validation Study against the Doubly Labelled Water Method and 24 h Dietary Recalls.
abstract: Mobile phones are becoming important instruments for assessing diet and energy intake. We developed the Tool for Energy Balance in Children (TECH), which uses a mobile phone to assess energy and food intake in pre-school children. The aims of this study were: (a) to compare energy intake (EI) using TECH with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured via doubly labelled water (DLW); and (b) to compare intakes of fruits, vegetables, fruit juice, sweetened beverages, candy, ice cream, and bakery products using TECH with intakes acquired by 24 h dietary recalls. Participants were 39 healthy, Swedish children (5.5 ± 0.5 years) within the ongoing Mobile-based Intervention Intended to Stop Obesity in Preschoolers (MINISTOP) obesity prevention trial. Energy and food intakes were assessed during four days using TECH and 24 h telephone dietary recalls. Mean EI (TECH) was not statistically different from TEE (DLW) (5820 ± 820 kJ/24 h and 6040 ± 680 kJ/24 h, respectively). No significant differences in the average food intakes using TECH and 24 h dietary recalls were found. All food intakes were correlated between TECH and the 24 h dietary recalls (ρ = 0.665-0.896, p < 0.001). In conclusion, TECH accurately estimated the average intakes of energy and selected foods and thus has the potential to be a useful tool for dietary studies in pre-school children, for example obesity prevention trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden. christine.delisle.nystrom@ki.se.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delisle Nyström
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden. elisabet.forsum@liu.se.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forsum
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden. hannahenriksson77@hotmail.se.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden. ylva.trolle@ki.se.
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Trolle-Lagerros
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 300, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden. christel.larsson@gu.se.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, P.O. Box 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. r.maddison@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maddison
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden. toomas.timpka@liu.se.
authors.forename: Toomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Timpka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden. marie.lof@ki.se.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden. marie.lof@ki.se.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löf
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002182:Candy; D040421:Cell Phone; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D063731:Mobile Applications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013548:Sweden; D014675:Vegetables; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: 24 h dietary recall; DLW; child; energy intake; food intake; mobile phones; total energy expenditure