title: Single vs Repeat Surgical Skin Preparations for Reducing Surgical Site Infection After Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Study.
abstract: Preventing surgical site infection (SSI) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a high priority and is partly linked to the efficacy of surgical site preparation solutions (SPSs) in reducing the number of pathogens on the skin before incision. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of SRS reapplication after draping to reduce the incidence of SSI after TJA.
  
  
  
  Six hundred patients undergoing primary TJA between 2010 and 2011 at a single institution were recruited and randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. The patients in the intervention group (n = 300) received SPS that included alcohol and povidone-iodine before draping and an additional SPS by iodine povacrylex and isopropyl alcohol before application of the final adhesive drape, whereas the patients in the control group (n = 300) received a single SPS with alcohol and povidone-iodine before draping. Randomization was performed by an opaque envelope, and the rates of SSI and blistering were compared between groups.
  
  
  
  Five seventy-seven patients completed the study and were included in the final analysis. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of superficial SSI for the intervention group (1.8%, 5 of 283) compared to the control group (6.5%, 19 of 294, P = .02). There were 2 (0.7%, 2 of 294) deep incisional SSIs in the control group, and 2 (0.7%, 2 of 283) organ-space SSIs in the intervention group (P = 1.00). In addition, skin blistering was lower in the intervention group (3.5%, 10 of 283) vs the control group (6.5%, 19 of 294), but this difference also did not reach statistical significance (P = .13).
  
  
  
  Reapplication of an SPS after draping and before the application of iodophor-impregnated incisive draping resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of SSI in patients undergoing elective TJA.
authors.affiliation: The Rothman Institute Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Tiffany N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: The Rothman Institute Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Antonia F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Rothman Institute Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Mayank
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.affiliation: The Rothman Institute Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Küçükdurmaz
authors.affiliation: The Rothman Institute Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.affiliation: The Rothman Institute Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parvizi
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001178:Arthroplasty; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D019840:2-Propanol
keywords: randomized controlled trial; skin antisepsis; skin preparation; surgical site infection; total joint arthroplasty