title: Sprout suppression on potato: need to look beyond CIPC for more effective and safer alternatives.
abstract: World over, potatoes are being stored at 8-12 °C (85-90 % RH). This is the most common way of long-term (up to 6 to 9 months) storage of potatoes. The benefit of storing the potatoes within the temperature range of 8-12 °C is minimum accumulation of sugars in stored potato tubers. In sub-temperate, sub-tropical and tropical countries of the world, short-term (3 to 4 months) storage of potatoes is being done by non-refrigerated traditional/on-farm methods. These short- and long-term storage methods keep the stored potatoes suitable not only for table purpose but also for processing. However, once the natural dormancy period of potato is over, the prevailing temperatures in these storage methods favour sprouting and sprout growth. Therefore, use of some sprout suppressant to check the sprout growth becomes essential under these methods of potato storage. CIPC [Isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate] is the most wide spread and commonly used sprout suppressant on potatoes. CIPC has been in use for more than 50 years and research carried out over such a long period use of CIPC has not only enhanced our understanding of its properties and chemistry but also about the production and toxicological status of its metabolites/degradation products. Today, various safety issues and concerns have surfaced primarily due to continuous and long-term use of CIPC. This review presents an appraisal on CIPC and explains the reasons for the long-time dependence on this chemical as a potato sprout suppressant. Issues like maximum residue limit and acceptable daily intake limit are being discussed for CIPC. This article brings an update on practical aspects of potato storage, residue levels of CIPC, efficacy of CIPC as sprout suppressant and health and environmental safety issues linked with CIPC and its metabolites. The aim of this article is to find possible solutions, way outs and future plans that can make the sprout suppression of potatoes safer and more risk free.
authors.affiliation: Central Potato Research Institute-Campus, Modipuram, Meerut, 250 110 UP India ; Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110 012 India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Crop Physiology and Post-Harvest Technology, Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Shimla, 171 001 HP India ; National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ezekiel
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110 012 India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
keywords: ADIL; CIPC; MRL; Metabolite toxicity; Potato; Potato storage; Residue; Safety issues; Sprout suppressant