title: Frequent Dosing of Topical Cyclosporine A for Severe Ocular Surface Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the systemic safety and patient tolerability of frequent dosing of cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% eyedrops in the treatment of ocular surface disease. This is a retrospective case series. Patients with significant ocular surface diseases who were treated using topical CsA higher than the usual twice daily dosing (3-8 times daily and over a treatment period of 1-70 months). The main outcome measures are plasma levels of CsA and local tolerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptom assessment, corneal staining using fluorescein, conjunctival staining using lissamine green, tear film breakup time, and other signs according to the disease process were monitored. Discontinuation of treatment due to intolerability was recorded. CsA levels were measured in the plasma at a clinical laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of CsA were below the level of detection (7 ng/mL) in all the 41 patients included. All patients tolerated the treatment well with none discontinuing due to any treatment-related local adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that CsA 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion applied more frequently than the usual twice daily dosing was safe and well tolerated in patients with significant ocular surface diseases.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Anisa I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Gire
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sezen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Shanna M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ingrodi
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Esen Karamursel
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Akpek
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016572:Cyclosporine