title: Effect of a Multidirectional Power Toothbrush and a Manual Toothbrush in Individuals Susceptible to Gingival Recession: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Clinical Study.
abstract: Clinical studies have explored the relationship between toothbrushing and development of gingival recession (GR), but relevant GR data for the multidirectional power toothbrush (PT) are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of brushing with either a multidirectional PT or American Dental Association reference manual toothbrush (MT) on mid-buccal preexisting GR (PreGR) during 12 months.
  
  
  
  This was a 12-month prospective, single-masked, parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical study. Healthy participants without periodontitis with at least two teeth showing PreGR ≥2 mm were randomized to a group brushing with either an MT or PT. The primary outcome parameter was change at sites with PreGR ≥2 mm. All clinically based GR measurements were performed by one calibrated examiner at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Secondary outcomes were changes of GR at all mid-buccal sites (with or without PreGR), changes in percentage of GR sites demonstrating a change of ≥1 mm, and changes in probing depths.
  
  
  
  A total of 107 participants completed the study (PT: 55, MT: 52). During the 12-month study period the mean recession at sites with PreGR ≥2 mm decreased significantly from 2.2 to 2.1 mm in both groups (P <0.05). The extent of GR parameters did not differ between MT and PT groups at any time point. GR evaluated clinically and on stone casts was well correlated.
  
  
  
  Neither the PT nor MT led to an increase in PreGR during 12 months of daily use.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sälzer
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graetz
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plaumann
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heinevetter
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grender
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klukowska
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian Andres
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fridus A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Van der Weijden
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Christof E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dörfer
mesh_terms: D003773:Dental Plaque; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004867:Equipment Design; D005889:Gingival Recession; D005891:Gingivitis; D006801:Humans; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014099:Toothbrushing
keywords: Dental hygiene; evidence-based dentistry; gingival recession; meta-analysis; oral hygiene; toothbrushing