title: Gypenosides alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via attenuation of oxidative stress and preservation of mitochondrial function in rat heart.
abstract: Gypenosides (GP) are the predominant components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a Chinese herb medicine that has been widely used for the treatment of chronic inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. GP has been demonstrated to exert protective effects on the liver and brain against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, yet whether it is beneficial to the heart during myocardial I/R is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that pre-treatment with GP dose-dependently limits infarct size, alleviates I/R-induced pathological changes in the myocardium, and preserves left ventricular function in a rat model of cardiac I/R injury. In addition, GP pre-treatment reduces oxidative stress and protects the intracellular antioxidant machinery in the myocardium. Further, we show that the cardioprotective effect of GP is associated with the preservation of mitochondrial function in the cardiomyocytes, as indicated by ATP level, enzymatic activities of complex I, II, and IV on the mitochondrial respiration chain, and the activity of citrate synthase in the citric acid cycle for energy generation. Moreover, GP maintains mitochondrial membrane integrity and inhibits the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol. The cytoprotective effect of GP is further confirmed in vitro in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell line with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R), and the results indicate that GP protects cell viability, reduces oxidative stress, and preserves mitochondrial function. In conclusion, our study suggests that GP may be of clinical value in cytoprotection during acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China. haijieyu@126.com.
authors.forename: Haijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qigang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D029774:Gynostemma; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C474918:gypenoside
keywords: Cardioprotection; Gypenosides; Mitochondrial function; Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion; Oxidative stress