title: Eco-friendly synthesis of gelatin-capped bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles for chemiluminescence detection of anticancer raloxifene hydrochloride.
abstract: This study described the utility of green analytical chemistry in the synthesis of gelatin-capped silver, gold and bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles (NPs). The preparation of nanoparticles was based on the reaction of silver nitrate or chlorauric acid with a 1.0 wt% aqueous gelatin solution at 50°C. The gelatin-capped silver, gold and bimetallic NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and were used to enhance a sensitive sequential injection chemiluminescence luminol-potassium ferricyanide system for determination of the anticancer drug raloxifene hydrochloride. The developed method is eco-friendly and sensitive for chemiluminescence detection of the selected drug in its bulk powder, pharmaceutical injections and biosamples. After optimizing the conditions, a linear relationship in the range of 1.0 × 10(-9) to 1.0 × 10(-1)  mol/L was obtained with a limit of detection of 5.0 × 10(-10)  mol/L and a limit of quantification of 1.0 × 10(-9)  mol/L. Statistical treatment and method validation were performed based on ICH guidelines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nawal A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Alarfaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.|General Administration and Medical Affairs, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maha F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: El-Tohamy
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D049449:Luminescence; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000032:analysis*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012834:Silver; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D006046:Gold; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: biosamples; chemiluminescence; gold-silver nanoparticles; green analytical chemistry; raloxifene hydrochloride