title: Comparison of Customized Abutments Made from Titanium and a Machinable Precious Alloy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical usefulness, a customized abutment produced with the Pd-Ag-In alloy was compared with a customized abutment produced with the conventional titanium alloy for discoloration and mechanical accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discoloration and resistance to corrosion of the Pd-Ag-In alloy were evaluated using chemical solutions. Marginal adaptation of internal-type implants and abutments was compared using 10 titanium abutments and 10 Pd-Ag-In abutments using a surface measuring system. A detorque test was performed on 12 implant-abutment complexes of each control and experimental group to investigate screw joint stability. Cyclic loading simulating a human's mastication movement for 1 year was applied after 30 Ncm initial tightening, and the removal torque was measured using a digital torque gauge. The noninferiority test was conducted to compare the Pd-Ag-In alloy with a titanium abutment with a 10% margin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Pd-Ag-In alloy had a warm yellow color and displayed stable resistance to discoloration and corrosion, resulting in an advantageous esthetic property. When compared to the titanium alloy, it did not show noninferiority with respect to the gap between the implant and the abutment; the gap was approximately 13.3 μm on average, which was not significantly different from those observed in previous studies. After long-term use, it displayed statistically significant noninferiority in the removal torque value compared to the titanium group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pd-Ag-In alloy-based customized abutment had good mechanical properties of the implant-abutment complex as well as a superior esthetic property, and can provide favorable outcomes in anterior implant restoration.
authors.forename: Jee-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji-Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun-Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jai-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Koak
authors.forename: Seong-Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D001732:Bite Force; D003116:Color; D003343:Corrosion; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D015921:Dental Implants; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007204:Indium / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D006047:Gold Alloys; D007204:Indium; D010165:Palladium; D014025:Titanium