title: Staphylococcus aureus carriage rates and antibiotic resistance patterns in patients with acne vulgaris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overuse of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which are occurring more frequently within the community.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether long-term antibiotic therapy for acne alter the carriage rate and antibiotic resistance profiles of S aureus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, cross-sectional, quasiexperimental study. Samples of anterior nares were obtained from dermatology patients given a diagnosis of acne vulgaris (n = 263) who were treated with antibiotics (n = 142) or who were not treated with antibiotics (n = 121). Specimens were tested for the presence of S aureus by growth on mannitol salt agar and then isolated on 5% sheep blood agar. Identification was confirmed based on colonial morphology, Gram stain, catalase, and coagulase testing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK 2 system (bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The S aureus carriage rate was significantly lower in patients with acne treated with antibiotics (6.3%) compared with those not treated with antibiotics (15.7%; P = .016). The percentage of S aureus isolates resistant to 1 or more antibiotics did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (P = .434).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional study, patient compliance, and effects of prior acne treatments are limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of patients with acne using antibiotics decreases the S aureus carriage rate but does not significantly alter the antibiotic resistance rates.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Regional Hospitals, Richmond Heights, Ohio; Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: gregorydelost@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Delost
authors.affiliation: Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Delost
authors.affiliation: Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armile
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Regional Hospitals, Richmond Heights, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jenifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Propionibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus aureus; acne vulgaris; antibiotic resistance; inducible clindamycin resistance; isotretinoin; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; oral antibiotics; topical antibiotics