title: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection mitigates the heat stress response of plants grown at high temperatures.
abstract: Cultured tomatoes are often exposed to a combination of extreme heat and infection with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). This stress combination leads to intense disease symptoms and yield losses. The response of TYLCV-susceptible and resistant tomatoes to heat stress together with viral infection was compared. The plant heat-stress response was undermined in TYLCV infected plants. The decline correlated with the down-regulation of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) HSFA2 and HSFB1, and consequently, of HSF-regulated genes Hsp17, Apx1, Apx2 and Hsp90. We proposed that the weakened heat stress response was due to the decreased capacity of HSFA2 to translocate into the nuclei of infected cells. All the six TYLCV proteins were able to interact with tomato HSFA2 in vitro, moreover, coat protein developed complexes with HSFA2 in nuclei. Capturing of HSFA2 by viral proteins could suppress the transcriptional activation of heat stress response genes. Application of both heat and TYLCV stresses was accompanied by the development of intracellular large protein aggregates containing TYLCV proteins and DNA. The maintenance of cellular chaperones in the aggregated state, even after recovery from heat stress, prevents the circulation of free soluble chaperones, causing an additional decrease in stress response efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ghandi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anfoka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Linoy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Or
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rotem
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolot
authors.affiliation: Al-Qasemi Research Center (QRC), Molecular Genetics and Virology, Baqa-El-Gharbia 30100, Israel.
authors.forename: Mouhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeidan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Czosnek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorovits
mesh_terms: D053839:Begomovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006358:Hot Temperature; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000821:virology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D020543:Proteome; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D020543:Proteome; D014764:Viral Proteins