title: Intermittent fasting favored the resolution of Salmonella typhimurium infection in middle-aged BALB/c mice.
abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF) reportedly increases resistance and intestinal IgA response to Salmonella typhimurium infection in mature mice. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aging on the aforementioned improved immune response found with IF. Middle-aged male BALB/c mice were submitted to IF or ad libitum (AL) feeding for 40 weeks and then orally infected with S. typhimurium. Thereafter, infected animals were all fed AL (to maximize their viability) until sacrifice on day 7 or 14 post-infection. We evaluated body weight, bacterial load (in feces, Peyer's patches, spleen and liver), total and specific intestinal IgA, lamina propria IgA+ plasma cells, plasma corticosterone, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of α-chain, J-chain, and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in liver and intestinal mucosa. In comparison with the infected AL counterpart, the infected IF group (long-term IF followed by post-infection AL feeding) generally had lower intestinal and systemic bacterial loads as well as higher total IgA on both post-infection days. Both infected groups showed no differences in corticosterone levels, body weight, or food and caloric intake. The increase in intestinal IgA was associated with enhanced pIgR mRNA expression in the intestine (day 7) and liver. Thus, to maintain body weight and caloric intake, IF elicited metabolic signals that possibly induced the increased hepatic and intestinal pIgR mRNA expression found. The increase in IgA probably resulted from intestinal IgA transcytosis via pIgR. This IgA response along with phagocyte-induced killing of bacteria in systemic organs (not measured) may explain the resolution of the S. typhimurium infection.
authors.affiliation: Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campos-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Marycarmen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godínez-Victoria
authors.affiliation: Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reyna-Garfias
authors.affiliation: Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Ivonne Maciel
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Arciniega-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Aldo Arturo
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Reséndiz-Albor
authors.affiliation: Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abarca-Rojano
authors.affiliation: Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Teresita Rocío
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cruz-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco Campus, Calzada del Hueso No 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, CP 04960, México, D.F., México. dragome@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maria Elisa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Drago-Serrano
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D019056:Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019056:Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin
keywords: Intermittent fasting; Intestinal IgA; Liver polymeric immunoglobulin receptor; Middle-aged mice; Salmonella typhimurium infection