title: Evaluation and management of hydronephrosis in the neonate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prenatal detection of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) has permitted the early management of these conditions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the management of neonates with antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In spite of the continuous advances in the understanding of the genetic basis, clinical course, and outcomes of CAKUT, there are still many controversies regarding the clinical significance, postnatal evaluation, and management of neonates with ANH. Mild ANH will often resolve spontaneously, whereas moderate to severe ANH is frequently associated with CAKUT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANH is a surrogate marker of potential congenital renal anomalies, but usually cannot identify a specific disease. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to diagnose and treat these complex disorders. Currently nonsurgical management of CAKUT should be considered whenever possible for infants with ANH.
authors.affiliation: aPediatric Nephrourology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) of Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil bDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Maria Christina L
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mak
mesh_terms: D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities