title: Endothelial Repair and Regeneration Following Intimal Injury.
abstract: Coronary artery intervention using device implants significantly reduce the risk of restenosis and the need for revascularization but are associated with endothelial denudation and impaired function. This may be due to incomplete endothelial recovery as a result of intimal injury, presence of polymer and/or high antiproliferative drug accumulation in the intima. The permanent presence of a metal prosthesis or polymer may impair the proliferation of resident endothelial cells to cover empty areas. Attention has focused on the robust replenishment of endothelial monolayer by recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells derived from the bone marrow to areas of endothelial injury. The balance between endothelial damage and repair is critical for the maintenance of intimal integrity, function, and prevention of thrombotic complications. This review will discuss on the aftereffects of intravascular device implants on endothelial injury and the pathways involved in endothelial repair and regeneration with an emphasis on endothelial progenitor cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Bldg 22, Rm 4176, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. belay.tesfamariam@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Belay
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-5523
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tesfamariam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D058426:Neointima; D012038:Regeneration; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015607:Stents; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Biomarkers; Endothelial injury/dysfunction; Endothelial progenitor cells; Endothelial regeneration; Stent