title: Atypical IκB proteins in immune cell differentiation and function.
abstract: The NF-κB/Rel signalling pathway plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including innate and adaptive immunity. NF-κB is a family of transcription factors, whose activity is regulated by the inhibitors of NF-κB (IκB). The IκB proteins comprise two distinct groups, the classical (cytoplasmic) and the atypical (nuclear) IκB proteins. Although the cytoplasmic regulation of NF-κB is well characterised, its nuclear regulation mechanisms remain marginally elucidated. However, work from recent years indicated that nuclear IκBs contribute significantly to the modulation of NF-κB-mediated transcription in the immune system. Here, we discuss the role of the atypical IκB proteins Bcl-3, IκBζ, IκBNS, IκBη and IκBL for the regulation of gene expression and effector functions in immune cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Annemann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Research Group of Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plaza-Sirvent
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Research Group of Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Research Group of Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsoulis-Dimitriou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kliche
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Immune Control, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Burkhart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schraven
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Research Group of Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Electronic address: ingo.schmitz@helmholtz-hzi.de.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000276:immunology*; D007109:Immunity; D056747:Immunomodulation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D020572:Oncogene Proteins v-rel / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020572:Oncogene Proteins v-rel; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase
keywords: Atypical IkappaB; Immune system; Macrophage; NF-kappaB; T cell