title: Gene expression and adaptive evolution of ZBED1 in the hibernating greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum).
abstract: Mammalian hibernators experience physiological extremes, e.g. ischemia, muscle disuse and hypothermia, which are lethal to non-hibernators, implying the existence of underlying mechanisms that allow hibernators to withstand these physiological extremes. Increased cell proliferation is suggested to be such a strategy, but its molecular basis remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of ZBED1 (zinc finger, BED-type containing 1), a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, in five tissues of the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) during pre-hibernation, deep hibernation and post-hibernation. Moreover, we investigated the ZBED1 genetic divergence from individuals with variable hibernation phenotypes that cover all three known mtDNA lineages of the species. Expression analyses showed that ZBED1 is overexpressed only in brain and skeletal muscle, not in the other three tissues, suggesting an increased cell proliferation in these two tissues during deep hibernation. Evolutionary analyses showed that ZBED1 sequences were clustered into two well-supported clades with each one dominated by hibernating and non-hibernating individuals, respectively. Positive selection analyses further showed some positively selected sites and a divergent selection pressure among hibernating and non-hibernating groups of R. ferrumequinum. Our results suggest that ZBED1 as a potential candidate gene that regulates cell proliferation for hibernators to face physiological extremes during hibernation.
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China fengj@nenu.edu.cn wuyh442@nenu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Keping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Tinglei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Aiqing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Xinke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China fengj@nenu.edu.cn wuyh442@nenu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006605:Hibernation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Adaptive evolution; Cell proliferation; Gene expression; Protective mechanism; Zinc finger BED-type containing 1