title: Periodontitis Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Koreans: Results from the Yangpyeong Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment in elderly Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study with age- and sex-matched case-control selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Yangpyeong cardiovascular cohort (YCC), a part of the Korean Genome Epidemiologic Study (KoGES), Yangpyeong, South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with cognitive impairment (n=65) and cognitively normal controls (n=124) aged 60 and older from the YCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alveolar bone loss was assessed on dental panoramic radiographs to categorize the cumulative history of periodontitis (HOP) into three groups: normal, moderate periodontitis, severe periodontitis. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to categorize participants as cognitively normal or cognitively impaired. Age- and sex-matched conditional logistic regression models were used for analysis. Confounders considered in the analysis were age, sex, drinking, smoking, exercise, total cholesterol, total protein, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, intima-media thickness, hypertension medication, and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with HOP were more likely to have cognitive impairment than those without (odds ratio=2.14, 95% confidence interval=1.04-4.41). The interaction effect of smoking and exercise on periodontitis highlighted the link.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontitis was independently associated with cognitive impairment after controlling for various confounders. Further longitudinal research is needed to determine whether periodontitis plays a role in cognitive decline in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Seop
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo-Been
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Youl
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.|Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Duck
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: MMSE; cognitive impairment; epidemiology; inflammation; periodontitis