title: Post-harvest proteomics of grapes infected by Penicillium during withering to produce Amarone wine.
abstract: The study of withered grape infection by Penicillium, a potentially toxigenic fungus, is relevant to preserve grape quality during the post-harvest dehydration process. This report describes the first proteomic analysis of Amarone wine grapes, infected by two strains of Penicillium expansum (Pe1) and Penicillium crustosum (Pc4). Protein identification by MS analysis allowed a better understanding of physiological mechanisms underlying the pathogen attack. The Pe1 strain had a major impact on Vitis vinifera protein expression inducing pathogenesis-related proteins and other protein species involved in energy metabolism. A greater expression of new Penicillium proteins involved in energy metabolism and some protein species related to redox homeostasis has been observed on grapes infected by Pc4 strain. Moreover, the new induced proteins in infected grapes could represent potential markers in withered grapes, thus creating the chance to develop case-sensitive prevention strategies to inhibit fungal growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marilinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorenzini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mainente
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zapparoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cecconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: barbara.simonato@univr.it.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simonato
mesh_terms: D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: 2-DE; Grape proteins; Mass-spectrometry; Penicillium; Postharvest withering