title: Bio-based barium alginate film: Preparation, flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior.
abstract: A bio-based barium alginate film was prepared via a facile ionic exchange and casting approach. Its flammability, thermal degradation and pyrolysis behaviors, thermal degradation mechanism were studied systemically by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). It showed that barium alginate film had much higher LOI value (52.0%) than that of sodium alginate film (24.5%). Moreover, barium alginate film passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, while the sodium alginate film showed no classification. Importantly, peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of barium alginate film in MCC test was much lower than that of sodium alginate film, suggested that introduction of barium ion into alginate film significantly decreased release of combustible gases. TG-FTIR and Py-GC-MS results indicated that barium alginate produced much less flammable products than that of sodium alginate in whole thermal degradation procedure. Finally, a possible degradation mechanism of barium alginate had been proposed.
authors.affiliation: Hubei Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Fangzhi Road, 1, Wuhan 430073, China; IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, Madrid 28906, Spain.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Fangzhi Road, 1, Wuhan 430073, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-Jie
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Fangzhi Road, 1, Wuhan 430073, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Hubei Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Fangzhi Road, 1, Wuhan 430073, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Hubei Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Fangzhi Road, 1, Wuhan 430073, China. Electronic address: pzhu99@163.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, Madrid 28906, Spain. Electronic address: deyi.wang@imdea.org.
authors.forename: De-Yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Bio-based alginate film; Flame retardancy; Py-GC–MS; TG-FTIR; Thermal degradation mechanism; Thermal properties