title: Diastolic Dysfunction Induced by a High-Fat Diet Is Associated with Mitochondrial Abnormality and Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is well-known as a risk factor for heart failure, including diastolic dysfunction. However, this mechanism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cardiac dysfunction develops when rats are fed with a HFD for 10 weeks; additionally, we sought to investigate the association between mitochondrial abnormalities, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and cardiac dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined myocardia in Wistar rats after 10 weeks of HFD (45 kcal% fat, n=6) or standard diet (SD, n=6). Echocardiography, histomorphologic analysis, and electron microscopy were performed. The expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunit genes, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) and anti-oxidant enzymes were assessed. Markers of oxidative stress damage, mitochondrial DNA copy number and myocardial ATP level were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 10 weeks, the body weight of the HFD group (349.6±22.7 g) was significantly higher than that of the SD group (286.8±14.9 g), and the perigonadal and epicardial fat weights of the HFD group were significantly higher than that of the SD group. Histomorphologic and electron microscopic images were similar between the two groups. However, in the myocardium of the HFD group, the expression levels of OXPHOS subunit NDUFB5 in complex I and PGC1α, and the mitochondrial DNA copy number were decreased and the oxidative stress damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was increased, accompanied by reduced ATP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diastolic dysfunction was accompanied by the mitochondrial abnormality and reduced ATP levels in the myocardium of 10 weeks-HFD-induced rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Woon
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ok Soon
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Ho
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, Eulji University College of Health Science, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Seon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.|Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. lskendo@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Seong Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Diastolic dysfunction; Mitochondria; Obesity