title: Characteristics of the draft genome of "Candidatus Arsenophonus nilaparvatae", a facultative endosymbiont of Nilaparvata lugens.
abstract: There exists a kind of symbiotic bacterium named "Candidatus Arsenophonus nilaparvatae" in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. After being filtered and assembled from the BPH genome sequencing project, the genome sequence of this bacterial symbiont was obtained. After initial analysis based on the genome, we have found its potential role to synthesize B vitamins for the host. In order to better understand the lifestyle and the genomic changes of this symbiotic bacterium after the symbiotic relationship was established, we further report the characteristics of this draft genome. Compared with several other related bacteria, "Candidatus Arsenophonus nilaparvatae" has proven to be a facultative endosymbiont at the genomic level. Concurrently, the presence of fimbriae and flagella formation related genes indicates this maternally transmitted endosymbiont is most likely to retain the capacity to invade new hosts. Through further analysis of annotated gene sets, we also find evidence of genome reduction in its secretion system and metabolic pathways. These findings reflect its evolutionary trend to be an obligate one and enable a deeper study of microbe-insect interactions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xuan
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-Xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014803:Vitamin B Complex
keywords: Nilaparvata lugens; endosymbiont; evolution; facultative; genome