title: [Association of Inorganics Accumulation with the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway and the iNOS Expression of Lung Tissue in Xuanwei Lung Cancer Patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indoor air pollution induces asthma, leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and may promote lung cancer. Our previous studies found that the accumulation of inorganic particulate matter that is due to indoor air pollution can lead to damage to alveolar cells and activation of signaling pathway, and ultimately provoke tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to explore the accumulation of inorganics and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway of lung tissue in Xuanwei lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 2013 to November 2014, 48 cases Xuanwei patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were enrolled in this study and compared with lung cancer patients from other regions. The ultrastructure of postoperative specimens was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to explore the occurrence of inorganic particles. Serum cytokines were analyzed. Then, the expression levels of NF-κB-p65 protein and iNOS protein in postoperative specimens was explored by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Finally, 8-OHdG accumulation in lung cancer tissues and urine was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large number of nanoscale inorganics were observed in alveolar type II cells and macrophages located in adjacent tissues of lung cancer with Xuanwei patients. Silicon (Si) content was found in inorganic elemental analysis. The serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels (31.50 ± 19.16) pg/mL of Xuanwei lung-cancer patients were remarkably higher than those from other regions (11.33 ± 6.94) pg/mL (P<0.01), with statistically significant difference. The pathological tissues of Xuanwei lung-cancer patients express NF-κB-p65, and iNOS expression were significantly higher than those of patients from non-Xuanwei regions. No significant difference was found between cancerous and normal adjacent tissues. Xuanwei lung-cancer tissues and urine 8-OHdG level (40.124 ± 8.597) ng/mgCr were significantly higher than those of patients from other regions (25.673 ± 7.986) ng/mg Cr (P<0.05), with statistically significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accumulation of inorganics and the activation of NF-κB-iNOS signaling pathway may contribute to Xuanwei lung cancer. .
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Jiapeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Guangjian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Yunchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Lianhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Yongchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Guangqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D003849:Deoxyguanosine