title: Segment coupling and coordination variability analyses of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo relative to the initial stance position.
abstract: The initial stance position (ISP) has been observed as a factor affecting the execution technique during taekwondo kicks. In the present study, authors aimed to analyse a roundhouse kick to the chest by measuring movement coordination and the variability of coordination and comparing this across the different ISP (0°, 45° and 90°). Eight experienced taekwondo athletes performed consecutive kicking trials in random order from every of the three relative positions. The execution was divided into three phases (stance, first swing and second swing phase). A motion capture system was used to measure athletes' angular displacement of pelvis and thigh. A modified vector coding technique was used to quantify the coordination of the segments which contributed to the overall movement. The variability of this coordination (CV) for each ISP was also calculated. Comparative analysis showed that during the stance phase in the transverse plane, athletes coordinated movement of the trunk and thigh with a higher frequency of in-phase and lower frequency of exclusive thigh rotation in the 0° stance than the 90° stance position (P < 0.05). CV was also influenced by the different ISP. During the first swing and the majority of the second swing phase, predominant in-phase coordination of the pelvis and thigh was observed. Including exercises that require in-phase movement could not only help athletes to acquire coordination stability but also efficiency. The existence of a constraint such as ISP implies an increase of the variability when the athletes have to kick from ISP they are not used to adopt (i.e., 0° and 90° ISP) as an evidence of adaptability in the athletes' execution technique.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Teaching of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Estevan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences , University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas , USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freedman Silvernail
authors.affiliation: c Human Motion Diagnostic Center , University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jandacka
authors.affiliation: d Departament of Health Promotion and Development , Universitetet i Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts; D009048:Motor Skills; D009068:Movement; D010388:Pelvis; D011187:Posture; D012399:Rotation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013848:Thigh
keywords: Martial arts; biomechanics; variability; vector coding