title: Sequence and Expression Analysis of Interferon Regulatory Factor 10 (IRF10) in Three Diverse Teleost Fish Reveals Its Role in Antiviral Defense.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 10 was first found in birds and is present in the genome of other tetrapods (but not humans and mice), as well as in teleost fish. The functional role of IRF10 in vertebrate immunity is relatively unknown compared to IRF1-9. The target of this research was to clone and characterize the IRF10 genes in three economically important fish species that will facilitate future evaluation of this molecule in fish innate and adaptive immunity.
  In the present study, a single IRF10 gene was cloned in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus, and two, named IRF10a and IRF10b, in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish IRF10 molecules share highest identities to other vertebrate IRF10s, and have a well conserved DNA binding domain, IRF-associated domain, and an 8 exon/7 intron structure with conserved intron phase. The presence of an upstream ATG or open reading frame (ORF) in the 5'-untranslated region of different fish IRF10 cDNA sequences suggests potential regulation at the translational level, and this has been verified by in vitro transcription/translation experiments of the trout IRF10a cDNA, but would still need to be validated in fish cells.
  Both trout IRF10 paralogues are highly expressed in thymus, blood and spleen but are relatively low in head kidney and caudal kidney. Trout IRF10b expression is significantly higher than IRF10a in integumentary tissues i.e. gills, scales, skin, intestine, adipose fin and tail fins, suggesting that IRF10b may be more important in mucosal immunity. The expression of both trout IRF10 paralogues is up-regulated by recombinant IFN-γ. The expression of the IRF10 genes is highly induced by Poly I:C in vitro and in vivo, and by viral infection, but is less responsive to peptidoglycan and bacterial infection, suggesting an important role of fish IRF10 in antiviral defense.
authors.affiliation: School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province 434025, P. R. China.|Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.|State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qiaoqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.|College of Fishery and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Yousheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eakapol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wangkahart
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mingxian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province 434025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Daiqin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Secombes
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tiehui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma