title: Senile lower lid entropion successfully treated with botulinum toxin A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spasmodic senile entropion (SE) is characterized by the inward turning of the eyelid. SE typically occurs spontaneously, but sometimes after ocular surgery. As of today, it is still lacking a gold standard technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of 11 cases of involutional entropion of the lower lid successfully treated with an injection of botulinum toxin, to evaluate the clinical results, and to document the duration of relief.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with senile entropion were treated with abobotulinum toxin A. The orbicularis oculi muscle was injected with 35 Su units of botulinum toxin. The procedures required an average of 5 min to complete. The follow-up period was 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the patients was 68.09 years (ranging between 62 and 75). About 7 days after the treatment, the entropion had resolved and there was only one recurrence at the 3-month visit. The recurrence rate was 27% after 6 months, and 27% after 9 months. Of note, the patients with recurrence repeated the injection and showed an increasingly long wellness period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection of botulinum toxin can treat entropion and resulted in a significantly high success rate.
authors.affiliation: Dermaplast Medical Center, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iozzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Specialized, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-0268
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tengattini
authors.affiliation: Dermaplast Medical Center, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Antonucci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004774:Entropion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C542869:abobotulinumtoxinA
keywords: botulinum toxin A; entropion; surgery