title: Spectrum of Choroidal Involvement in Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis: Report from a Population with Low Endemic Setting for Tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical spectrum and outcome of patients with presumed tubercular uveitis and choroidal involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series nested in a cohort study was enrolled at a tertiary referral eye care center in the UK. Failure was defined as recurrence of lesion within 6 months of completion of antitubercular therapy (ATT) or corticosteroid therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-seven patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis and choroidal involvement were included in the study. Mean age was 45.5 ± 15.7 years, 44 (57.1%) patients were male, and 51 (66.2%) presented with bilateral disease. Choroidal granuloma was the most frequent clinical presentation (n = 27, 35.07%), followed by multifocal choroiditis (n = 24, 31.17%) and serpiginous-like choroiditis (n = 18, 23.38%). Quantiferon Gold in Tube Test (QFT) was positive in 64 (83.11%) patients. Fifty (64.94%) patients received ATT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Choroidal involvement in presumed ocular tuberculosis can present with a variable spectrum. Treatment failure rates were equivalent between ATT and non-ATT treated groups.
authors.affiliation: a Moorfields Eye Hospital , NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.|b Biomedical Research Centre , UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London , UK.|c National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore.
authors.forename: Rupesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: d Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust , Barrack Road , Exeter , UK.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: a Moorfields Eye Hospital , NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.|e Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology , NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde , UK.
authors.forename: Julio J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: González-López
authors.affiliation: a Moorfields Eye Hospital , NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: a Moorfields Eye Hospital , NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Triantafullopoulou
authors.affiliation: f St. George's, University of London & Kingston University , London , UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: a Moorfields Eye Hospital , NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: Peter K F
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.affiliation: a Moorfields Eye Hospital , NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westcott
authors.affiliation: a Moorfields Eye Hospital , NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.|b Biomedical Research Centre , UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London , UK.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pavesio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D059425:Interferon-gamma Release Tests; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000080364:Multifocal Choroiditis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: Antitubercular therapy (ATT); QuantiFERON GOLD in tube (QFT); choroidal granuloma; duration of ATT; presumed ocular tuberculosis; serpiginous-like choroiditis