title: Presentation of Anatomical Variations Using the Aurasma Mobile App.
abstract: Knowledge of anatomical variations is critical to avoid clinical complications and it enables an understanding of morphogenetic mechanisms. Depictions are comprised of photographs or illustrations often limiting appreciation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial relationships. The purpose of this study is to describe an approach for presenting anatomical variations utilizing video clips emphasizing 3D anatomical relationships delivered on personal electronic devices. An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) was an incidental finding in a routine dissection of an 89-year-old man cadaver during a medical student instructional laboratory. The specimen was photographed and physical measurements were recorded. Three-dimensional models were lofted and rendered with Maya software and converted as Quicktime animations. Photographs of the first frame of the animations were recorded and registered with Aurasma Mobile App software (www.aurasma.com). Resulting animations were viewed on mobile devices. The ARSA model can be manipulated on the mobile device enabling the student to view and appreciate spatial relationships. Model elements can be de-constructed to provide even greater spatial resolution of anatomical relationships. Animations provide a useful approach for visualizing anatomical variations. Future work will be directed at creating a library of variants and underlying mechanism of formation for presentation through the Aurasma application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (TH, BKL, S.Labrash, S.Lozanoff).
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (TH, BKL, S.Labrash, S.Lozanoff).
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bézard
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (TH, BKL, S.Labrash, S.Lozanoff).
authors.forename: Beth K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lozanoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (TH, BKL, S.Labrash, S.Lozanoff).
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labrash
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (TH, BKL, S.Labrash, S.Lozanoff).
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lozanoff
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology*; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D063731:Mobile Applications; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Aberrant right subclavian artery; Aurasma app; anatomical animation; bicarotid trunk