title: Respiratory muscle strength in relation to sarcopenia in elderly cardiac patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little information exists on the relation between respiratory muscle strength such as maximum inspiratory muscle pressure (MIP) and sarcopenia in elderly cardiac patients. The present study aimed to determine the differences in MIP, and cutoff values for MIP according to sarcopenia in elderly cardiac patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 63 consecutive elderly male patients aged ≥65 years with cardiac disease in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was defined based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People algorithm, and, accordingly, the patients were divided into two groups: the sarcopenia group (n = 24) and non-sarcopenia group (n = 39). The prevalence of sarcopenia in cardiac patients and MIP in the patients with and without sarcopenia were assessed to determine cutoff values of MIP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for body mass index, the MIP in the sarcopenia group was significantly lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group (54.7 ± 36.8 cmH2O; 95 % CI 42.5-72.6 vs. 80.7 ± 34.7 cmH2O; 95 % CI 69.5-92.0; F = 4.89, p = 0.029). A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis of patients with and without sarcopenia identified a cutoff value for MIP of 55.6 cmH2O, with a sensitivity of 0.76, 1-specificity of 0.37, and AUC of 0.70 (95 % CI 0.56-0.83; p = 0.01) in the study patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with elderly cardiac patients without sarcopenia, MIP in those with sarcopenia may be negatively affected. The MIP cutoff value reported here may be a useful minimum target value for identifying elderly male cardiac patients with sarcopenia.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome Suma, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan. izawapk@ga2.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Marianna University Yokohama-city Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morio
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Visiting Nursing and Rehabilitation Network, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Akashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Cardiac patients; Elderly; Respiratory muscle strength; Sarcopenia