title: Nauclea officinalis inhibits inflammation in LPS-mediated RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nauclea officinalis has been traditionally used in China for the treatment of fever, pneumonia and enteritidis etc. This study aims to investigate effects of N. officinalis on the inflammatory response as well as the possible molecular mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-inflammatory activity of N. officinalis (10, 20, 50, and 100µg/mL) was investigated by using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The NO production was determined by assaying nitrite in culture supernatants with the Griess reagent. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in culture media were measured with ELISA kits. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was detected for mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Western blot assay was performed to illustrate the inhibitory effects of N. officinalis on phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB p65.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with N. officinalis (10-100µg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited the production as well as mRNA expression of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Western blot assay suggested that the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect was associated with the inhibition of phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB p65.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that N. officinalis potentially inhibited the activation of upstream mediator NF-κB signaling pathway via suppressing phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB p65 to inhibit LPS-stimulated inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ting
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Cui-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors.forename: Jia-Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors.forename: Ji-Qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Shu-Xia
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China. Electronic address: zfxcjq@126.com.
authors.forename: Fen-Xia
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019666:Rubiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide; 3-epi-pumiloside (CAS no: 126722-26-7); Acetonitrile (PubChem CID: 6342); Anti-inflammation; DMSO (PubChem CID: 679); EtOH (PubChem CID: 702); Methanoic acid (PubChem CID: 284); NF-κB; NaNO(2) (PubChem CID: 23668193); Nauclea officinalis; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; Pumiloside (PubChem CID: 10346314); Strictosamide (PubChem CID: 11969629); Vincosamide (PubChem CID: 44567197)