title: Perfluorocarbon NVX-108 increased cerebral oxygen tension after traumatic brain injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoxia is a critical secondary injury mechanism in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and early intervention to alleviate post-TBI hypoxia may be beneficial. NVX-108, a dodecafluoropentane perfluorocarbon, was screened for its ability to increase brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) when administered soon after TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ketamine-acepromazine anesthetized rats ventilated with 40% oxygen underwent moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI at time 0 (T0). Rats received either no treatment (NON, n=8) or 0.5 ml/kg intravenous (IV) NVX-108 (NVX, n=9) at T15 (15 min after TBI) and T75.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline cortical PbtO2 was 28±3 mm Hg and CCI-TBI resulted in a 46±6% reduction in PbtO2 at T15 (P<0.001). Significant differences in time-group interactions (P=0.013) were found when comparing either absolute or percentage change of PbtO2 to post-injury (mixed-model ANOVA) suggesting that administration of NVX-108 increased PbtO2 above injury levels while it remained depressed in the NON group. Specifically in the NVX group, PbtO2 increased to a peak 143% of T15 (P=0.02) 60 min after completion of NVX-108 injection (T135). Systemic blood pressure was not different between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NVX-108 caused an increase in PbtO2 following CCI-TBI in rats and should be evaluated further as a possible immediate treatment for TBI.
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Saad H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mullah
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Biswajit K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Rania
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abutarboush
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Ashraful
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Francoise G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hazzard
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Auker
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McCarron
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Anke H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Scultetus
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moon-Massat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D010313:Partial Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D010420:Pentanes
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; C008806:perfluoropentane; D010420:Pentanes
keywords: Brain interstitial oxygen pressure; Early resuscitation; Oxygen therapeutics; Perfluorocarbon; Phosphorescence quenching method; Traumatic brain injury