title: Relationship of Body Anthropometry with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Random Community Sample: The Phoenix Lifestyle Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Indians from a low-income community and evaluated the relationship between physical behavior patterns and anthropometric measures and the presence of MetS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The modified WHO STEPS questionnaire was used to collect data from a randomized sample of 1154 subjects from the Indian community of Phoenix, Durban. MetS was classified according to the harmonized criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the sample was 47 (37-55) years, and 72% were predominantly females. There was a high prevalence of elevated body mass index (BMI) in 757 subjects (66%), which increased to 901 subjects (82%) when the ethnic-specific Asian cutoff (BMI ≥ 23) was applied. Overall increase in waist circumferences was noted from 60% to 79% when ethnic cutoffs were applied. Vigorous exercise was associated with a significant decrease in waist and BMI measurements (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of MetS increased from 30% and 57% (NCEP) to 45% and 60% in males and females, respectively, when the harmonized criteria (IDF and WHO) were applied. Fasting insulin and total cholesterol emerged as independent determinants of MetS for both genders. Neck circumference and HbA1c were also significant predictors of MetS in males. In females, midarm circumference (IDF/WHO) and HbA1c (modified NCEP) emerged as additional predictors of MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high prevalence of obesity and MetS in this sample, related to sedentary behavior patterns. Neck and arm circumferences as well as total cholesterol may also serve as screening measures to increase the detection rate of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal , Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa .
authors.forename: Yajna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal , Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa .
authors.forename: Datshana P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Naidoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011203:Poverty; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids