title: Long-term clinical outcomes of dual-cycle radiofrequency ablation technique for treatment of osteoid osteoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiofrequency ablation technique for treatment of OO including ablation time and temperature vary greatly between and within reported studies. This study evaluates the immediate and long-term efficacy and complication rate of a two sequential RFA technique for OO.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed medical records and attempted interview follow-up for 25 patients treated with RFA for OO. Each treatment included 2 consecutive RFAs at 90 °C for 6 min with inter-ablation cooling to 40 °C and occasional inter-ablation probe adjustment. Additionally, we statistically compared the proportion of successful ablations using the DCRFA technique with published studies that utilized alternative OO ablation procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term follow-up was obtained for 24 patients (96 %). Mean patient age at DCRFA was 17.2 years (range, 2.2-50.0 years). Mean time to follow-up was 60 ± 42 months (range 12-152 months). No acute DCRFA-related complications nor long-term recurrences were reported. All 24 interviewed patients reported partial relief of pre-procedural pain within 1 day of DCRFA and total relief within 1 week of DCRFA. One patient ultimately developed a major late complication (complex regional pain syndrome of the left ankle) after DCRFA of a cuboid lesion. Additionally, the DCRFA success rate was significantly higher when compared to two other published OO RFA treatment results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCRFA employing two sequential 6-min cycles is an effective treatment of OO. The 100 % primary success rate, 0 % long-term recurrence rate, and low complication rate compare favorably and may be superior to results of prior reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. abboud949@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abboud
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kosmas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robbin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010017:Osteoma, Osteoid / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Catheter ablation; Image-guided surgery; Musculoskeletal pain; Neoplasms; Osteoid; Osteoma; Radiofrequency