title: Utilization of automotive shredder residues in a thermal process for recovery of manganese and zinc from zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries.
abstract: The aim of the study is the recovery by thermal treatment of manganese and zinc from a mixture of zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries, on the basis of the different phase change temperatures of the two metal-bearing phases. ASR (Automotive Shredder Residue), containing 68% of carbon, was added to the mixture to act as a reductant to metallic Zn of the zinc-bearing phases. The mixture was subsequently heated in different atmospheres (air, CO2 and N2) and at different temperatures (900°C, 1000°C and 1200°C) and stoichiometric excess of ASR (300%, 600% and 900%). Characterization of the mixture and of the residues of thermal treatment was carried out by chemical analysis, TGA/DTA, SEM and XRD. The results show that recovery of 99% of zinc (grade 97%) is achieved at 1000°C in N2 with a stoichiometric excess of car-fluff of 900%. This product could be suitable for production of new batteries after refining by hydrometallurgical way. Recovery of Mn around 98% in the residue of the treatment is achieved at any temperature and atmosphere tested with a grade of 57% at 900% excess of car-fluff. This residue is enriched in manganese oxide and could be used in the production of iron-manganese alloys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 84, 00184 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: nicolomaria.ippolito@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Engineering and Geosciences (CNR) Area della Ricerca CNR, via Salaria km 29,300, 00016 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy. Electronic address: girolamo.belardi@cnr.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 84, 00184 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: franco.medici@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medici
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 84, 00184 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: luigi.piga@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piga
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D002244:Carbon; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010087:Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C083456:ferro-manganese alloy; D008345:Manganese; C027424:manganese oxide; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Car-fluff; Manganese; Recycling; Spent-batteries; Zinc