title: Heptad-Specific Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II CTD.
abstract: The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) consists of heptad repeats with the consensus motif Y1-S2-P3-T4-S5-P6-S7. Dynamic phosphorylation of the CTD coordinates Pol II progression through the transcription cycle. Here, we use genetic and mass spectrometric approaches to directly detect and map phosphosites along the entire CTD. We confirm phosphorylation of CTD residues Y1, S2, T4, S5, and S7 in mammalian and yeast cells. Although specific phosphorylation signatures dominate, adjacent CTD repeats can be differently phosphorylated, leading to a high variation of coexisting phosphosites in mono- and di-heptad CTD repeats. Inhibition of CDK9 kinase specifically reduces S2 phosphorylation levels within the CTD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schüller
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center Munich, ZFP and Bioinformatic Unit, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Ignasi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Forné
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center Munich, ZFP and Bioinformatic Unit, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.affiliation: Gene Center, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schreieck
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Texier
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim-Michael
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center Munich, ZFP and Bioinformatic Unit, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: eick@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eick
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019151:Peptide Library; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C082119:NGR1 protein, S cerevisiae; D019151:Peptide Library; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9; D012319:RNA Polymerase II