title: Polysaccharides from Korean Citrus hallabong peels inhibit angiogenesis and breast cancer cell migration.
abstract: Although the peel of the hallabong (Citrus sphaerocarpa) fruit is rich in polysaccharides, which are valuable dietary ingredients for human health, it is normally wasted. The present study aimed to utilize the peel waste and identify properties it may have against breast cancer metastasis. Hallabong peel extract containing crude polysaccharides was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography to produce four different polysaccharide fractions (HBE-I, -II, -III, and -IV). The HBE polysaccharides significantly blocked tube formation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), at a concentration of 12.5 or 25 μg/mL. Tube formation appeared to be more sensitive to HBE-II than to other HBE polysaccharides. HBE-II also inhibited breast cancer cell migration, through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of tube formation and MMP-9-mediated migration observed in HUVEC and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively, are likely to be important therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ksshin@kyonggi.ac.kr.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kkang@gachon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002241:Carbohydrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Angiogenesis; Breast cancer; Hallabong; Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Polysaccharide