title: Differential Effects of Escherichia coli Nissle and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain GG on Human Rotavirus Binding, Infection, and B Cell Immunity.
abstract: Rotavirus (RV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in modulating host-pathogen interactions, but little is known about the impact of commonly used probiotics on human RV (HRV) infection. In this study, we compared the immunomodulatory effects of Gram-positive (Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG [LGG]) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli Nissle [EcN]) probiotic bacteria on virulent human rotavirus (VirHRV) infection and immunity using neonatal gnotobiotic piglets. Gnotobiotic piglets were colonized with EcN, LGG, or EcN+LGG or uncolonized and challenged with VirHRV. Mean peak virus shedding titers and mean cumulative fecal scores were significantly lower in EcN-colonized compared with LGG-colonized or uncolonized piglets. Reduced viral shedding titers were correlated with significantly reduced small intestinal HRV IgA Ab responses in EcN-colonized compared with uncolonized piglets post-VirHRV challenge. However the total IgA levels post-VirHRV challenge in the intestine and pre-VirHRV challenge in serum were significantly higher in EcN-colonized than in LGG-colonized piglets. In vitro treatment of mononuclear cells with these probiotics demonstrated that EcN, but not LGG, induced IL-6, IL-10, and IgA, with the latter partially dependent on IL-10. However, addition of exogenous recombinant porcine IL-10 + IL-6 to mononuclear cells cocultured with LGG significantly enhanced IgA responses. The greater effectiveness of EcN in moderating HRV infection may also be explained by the binding of EcN but not LGG to Wa HRV particles or HRV 2/4/6 virus-like particles but not 2/6 virus-like particles. Results suggest that EcN and LGG differentially modulate RV infection and B cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 saif.2@osu.edu kandasamy.7@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Sukumar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-4503
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandasamy
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: Anastasia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Vlasova
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: David
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-2349
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: Kuldeep S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chattha
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauf
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: Lulu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-4744
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: Stephanie N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Langel
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
authors.forename: Gireesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajashekara
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 saif.2@osu.edu kandasamy.7@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine