title: Entrustable Professional Activities: Ten Things Radiologists Do.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Learner assessment in medical education has undergone tremendous change over the past two decades. During this time frame, the concept of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) was introduced to guide the faculty when making competency-based decisions on the level of supervision required by trainees. EPAs are gaining momentum in medical education as a basis for decisions related to transitioning from residency training to clinical practice. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) define EPAs for radiology (EPA-R) and (2) illustrate radiology-specific examples of these EPAs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-institutional work group composed of members of the Alliance of Directors and Vice Chairs of Education in Radiology convened at the 2015 Association of University Radiologists annual meeting to discuss radiology EPAs. The EPAs initially developed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Radiology milestone work group and the resultant ACGME Radiology milestones formed the basis for this discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 radiology EPAs and illustrative vignettes were developed to help radiology educators and trainees better understand milestone assessment and how this translates to the necessary skills and responsibilities of practicing radiologists. Examples of EPA mapping to the ACGME subcompetencies and methods of assessment were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPAs offer an opportunity to improve our approach to training by increasing our focus on how we provide appropriate supervision to our residents and assess their progress. In this work, through suggested lists and vignettes, we have attempted to establish the framework for further discussion and development of EPA-Rs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S CCC-1118 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232. Electronic address: Lori.a.deitte@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Deitte
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Leonie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Theresa C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: McLoud
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Diaz-Marchan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mullins
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003142:Communication; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000592:standards*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D013337:Students, Medical; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods
keywords: Entrustable professional activities; medical assessment; medical education; milestones; radiology education