title: Typical halogenated persistent organic pollutants in indoor dust and the associations with childhood asthma in Shanghai, China.
abstract: Halogenated persistent organic pollutants (Hal-POPs) are significant contaminants in the indoor environment that are related to many human diseases. Ingestion of indoor dust is considered the major pathway of Hal-POP exposures, especially for children aged 3-6 years. Alongside a retrospective study on the associations between typical Hal-POP exposure and childhood asthma in Shanghai, indoor dust samples from asthmatic and non-asthmatic children's homes (n = 60, each) were collected. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured by GC-MS. BDE-209, PCB-8 and p,p'-DDE were the predominant components in each chemical category. The concentrations of most Hal-POPs were significantly higher in the asthmatic families. The associations between Hal-POP exposure and asthma occurrence were examined by calculating the odds ratios (ORs) using a logistic regression model. A positive association was found between p,p'-DDE in indoor dust and childhood asthma (OR = 1.825, 95%CI: 1.004, 3.317; p = 0.048). The average daily doses of Hal-POP intake were calculated using the method provided by the USEPA. Non-carcinogenic health risks were preliminarily assessed. Our study indicated that exposure to p,p'-DDE via indoor dust may contribute to childhood asthma occurrence. Non-carcinogenic health risks were not found with the intake of Hal-POPs via the ingestion of indoor dust.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaomeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, PR China. Electronic address: yinyong9999@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine (or Faculty of Public Health), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: wangyan@shsmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: Childhood asthma; Exposure assessment; Halogenated persistent organic pollutants; Indoor dust; Positive association