title: TNF-α and IL-10 modulation induced by polyphenols extracted by olive pomace in a mouse model of paw inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyphenols from olive are known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to study whether or not 10 consecutive days i.p. administration of a blend of olive (Olea europaea L.) polyphenols (10 mg/kg) containing mostly hydroxytyrosol could have an effect on cytokines playing important roles in inflammatory processes as TNF-α and IL-10.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammation was induced in the mouse paw by 2 carrageenan injections (50 µl vol, 5 mg/kg each). TNF-α and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carrageenan decreased IL-10 in the paws, however, this reduction appeared to be less evident in mice treated with carrageenan but administered with polyphenols. As for TNF-α, our findings did not reveal differences between groups but an increase in the polyphenol and carrageenan group if compared to the carrageenan only group. As for antioxidant polyphenols' properties, no differences between groups in the serum glutathione were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether, this investigation shows that olive polyphenols in the mouse may modulate the levels of cytokines having a role in the process of inflammation as TNF-α and IL-10.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carito
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciafrè
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Pediatria e Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarani
authors.affiliation: Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceccanti
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fausta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Natella
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Facoltà di Farmacia e Medicina, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannitelli
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tirassa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Chaldakov
authors.affiliation: Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceccanti
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Specializzazione Medicina di Emergenza-Urgenza, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boccardo
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D059808:Polyphenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002351:Carrageenan; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol