title: Molecular basis of multiple resistance to ACCase- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Alopecurus japonicus from China.
abstract: Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant Alopecurus japonicus has become a recurring problem in winter wheat fields in eastern China. Growers have resorted to using mesosulfuron-methyl, an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide, to control this weed. A single A. japonicus population (AH-15) resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl was found in Anhui Province, China. The results of whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that AH-15 has evolved high-level resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (95.96-fold) and mesosulfuron-methyl (39.87-fold). It was shown via molecular analysis that resistance to both fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl was due to an amino acid substitution of Ile1781 to Leu in acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and a substitution of Trp 574 to Leu in ALS, respectively. Whole-plant bioassays indicated that the AH-15 population was resistant to the ACCase herbicides clodinafop-propargyl, clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden as well as the ALS herbicides pyroxsulam, flucarbazone-Na and imazethapyr, but susceptible to the ACCase herbicide haloxyfop-R-methyl. This work reports for the first time that A. japonicus has developed resistance to ACCase- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides due to target site mutations in the ACCase and ALS genes.
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui, Fengyang 233100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Weitang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenlei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingxu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Guohui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China. Electronic address: wangjx@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000095:Acetolactate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D053209:Herbicide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D006540:Herbicides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000095:Acetolactate Synthase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
keywords: Acetolactate synthase (ALS); Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase); Alopecurus japonicus; Amino acid substitution; Multiple resistance