title: The detection and subsequent volume optimization of biological nanocrystals.
abstract: Identifying and then optimizing initial crystallization conditions is a prerequisite for macromolecular structure determination by crystallography. Improved technologies enable data collection on crystals that are difficult if not impossible to detect using visible imaging. The application of second-order nonlinear imaging of chiral crystals and ultraviolet two-photon excited fluorescence detection is shown to be applicable in a high-throughput manner to rapidly verify the presence of nanocrystals in crystallization screening conditions. It is noted that the nanocrystals are rarely seen without also producing microcrystals from other chemical conditions. A crystal volume optimization method is described and associated with a phase diagram for crystallization.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.affiliation: Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute , 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wolfley
authors.affiliation: Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute , 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor Cook
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute , 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lauricella
authors.affiliation: Formulatrix, Inc. , 10 DeAngelo Drive, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gualtieri
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Snell
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8021, USA.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8021, USA.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Gaetano T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Montelione