title: Automatic and objective oral cancer diagnosis by Raman spectroscopic detection of keratin with multivariate curve resolution analysis.
abstract: We have developed an automatic and objective method for detecting human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues with Raman microspectroscopy. We measure 196 independent Raman spectra from 196 different points of one oral tissue sample and globally analyze these spectra using a Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) analysis. Discrimination of OSCC tissues is automatically and objectively made by spectral matching comparison of the MCR decomposed Raman spectra and the standard Raman spectrum of keratin, a well-established molecular marker of OSCC. We use a total of 24 tissue samples, 10 OSCC and 10 normal tissues from the same 10 patients, 3 OSCC and 1 normal tissues from different patients. Following the newly developed protocol presented here, we have been able to detect OSCC tissues with 77 to 92% sensitivity (depending on how to define positivity) and 100% specificity. The present approach lends itself to a reliable clinical diagnosis of OSCC substantiated by the "molecular fingerprint" of keratin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-nong Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hsiung
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Rintaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sohshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yabumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.affiliation: Research Organization for Nano &Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec. 4 Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiou-Tzu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec. 4 Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Tzu
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec. 4 Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yong-Kie
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-nong Street, Taipei, Taiwan.|Biophotonics &Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-nong Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan.|Research Organization for Nano &Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan.
authors.forename: Hiro-o
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007633:Keratins