title: In situ hybridisation: Technologies and their application to understanding disease.
abstract: In situ hybridisation (ISH) is unique amongst molecular analysis methods in providing for the precise microscopic localisation of genes, mRNA and microRNA in metaphase spreads, cell and tissue preparations. The method is well established as a tool to guide appropriate therapeutic intervention in breast, gastric and lung cancer. With the description of ultrasensitive ISH technologies for low copy mRNA demonstration and the relative ease by which microRNA can be visualised, the applications for research and diagnostic purposes is set to increase dramatically. In this review ISH is considered with emphasis on recent technological developments and surveyed for present and future applications in the context of the demonstration of genes, mRNA and microRNA in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.warford@westminster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warford
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000639:trends*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: DNA amplification; In situ hybridisation; mRNA expression; microRNA localisation