title: Abnormal Neural Network of Primary Insomnia: Evidence from Spatial Working Memory Task fMRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contemporary functional MRI (fMRI) methods can provide a wealth of information about the neural mechanisms associated with primary insomnia (PI), which centrally involve neural network circuits related to spatial working memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 participants diagnosed with PI and without atypical brain anatomy were selected along with 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Subjects were administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and clinical assessments of spatial working memory, followed by an MRI scan and fMRI in spatial memory task state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences between PSQI and spatial working memory were observed between PI patients and controls (p < 0.01). Activation of neural networks related to spatial memory task state in the PI group was observed at the left temporal lobe, left occipital lobe and right frontal lobe. Lower levels of activation were observed in the left parahippocampal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex and superior parietal lobule.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants with PI exhibited characteristic abnormalities in the neural network connectivity related to spatial working memory. These results may be indicative of an underlying pathological mechanism related to spatial working memory deterioration in PI, analogous to recently described mechanisms in other mental health disorders.
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Enfeng
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shewei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Jingliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chuanliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dapeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*