title: Combined use of real-time PCR and nested sequence-based typing in survey of human Legionella infection.
abstract: Legionnaires' disease (LD) is a globally distributed systemic infectious disease. The burden of LD in many regions is still unclear, especially in Asian countries including China. A survey of Legionella infection using real-time PCR and nested sequence-based typing (SBT) was performed in two hospitals in Shanghai, China. A total of 265 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were collected from hospital A between January 2012 and December 2013, and 359 sputum specimens were collected from hospital B throughout 2012. A total of 71 specimens were positive for Legionella according to real-time PCR focusing on the 5S rRNA gene. Seventy of these specimens were identified as Legionella pneumophila as a result of real-time PCR amplification of the dotA gene. Results of nested SBT revealed high genetic polymorphism in these L. pneumophila and ST1 was the predominant sequence type. These data revealed that the burden of LD in China is much greater than that recognized previously, and real-time PCR may be a suitable monitoring technology for LD in large sample surveys in regions lacking the economic and technical resources to perform other methods, such as urinary antigen tests and culture methods.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,P.R. China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,P.R. China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,P.R. China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Shanghai CHROMagar Microbial Technology Center,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Huashan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Baoshan Branch,Huashan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Changhai Hospital,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,P.R. China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai,P.R. China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D005838:Genotype; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007875:Legionella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C440002:DotA protein, Legionella pneumophila; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S
keywords: Bacterial infections; Legionella; Legionnaires’ disease; clinical microbiology; infectious disease