title: Current knowledge of the species complex Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil.
abstract: The study of the species complex Anastrepha fraterculus (Af complex) in Brazil is especially important in a taxonomical, evolutionary and pest management context, because there are evidences that some of them may occur in sympatry. In this review, we analyzed the main results supporting evidences that three cryptic species occur in Brazil. The taxonomical and phylogenetic relationships based on eggshell morphology, adult morphometrics, as well as cytotaxonomy and genetic differentiations are discussed. We also review available information on sexual behavior including acoustic communication of males during courtship and sexual incompatibility; and chemical signals involved in the communication between sexes, with a special focus on sex pheromones. We examined the role of long- and short-range pheromones (male-produced volatiles and cuticular hydrocarbons, respectively), their implications in sexual isolation, and their possible use for chemotaxonomic differentiation of the putative species of the Af complex.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaníčková
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Interacciones Multitróficas. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento da Biologia Geral. R. Barão do Geremoabo s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iara Sordi Joachim
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento da Biologia Geral. R. Barão do Geremoabo s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alzira Kelly Passos
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Roriz
authors.affiliation: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica W5 Norte / Final Asa Norte, 70770917, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raul Alberto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Laumann
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana de Lima
authors.initials: Ade L
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA-Semiárido), BR 428, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz Aguiar Jordão
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Paranhos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruth Rufino
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
keywords: South American fruit fly; acoustic communication; chemical communication; cryptic species; sexual behavior; taxonomy