title: Interaction of ice binding proteins with ice, water and ions.
abstract: Ice binding proteins (IBPs) are produced by various cold-adapted organisms to protect their body tissues against freeze damage. First discovered in Antarctic fish living in shallow waters, IBPs were later found in insects, microorganisms, and plants. Despite great structural diversity, all IBPs adhere to growing ice crystals, which is essential for their extensive repertoire of biological functions. Some IBPs maintain liquid inclusions within ice or inhibit recrystallization of ice, while other types suppress freezing by blocking further ice growth. In contrast, ice nucleating proteins stimulate ice nucleation just below 0 °C. Despite huge commercial interest and major scientific breakthroughs, the precise working mechanism of IBPs has not yet been unraveled. In this review, the authors outline the state-of-the-art in experimental and theoretical IBP research and discuss future scientific challenges. The interaction of IBPs with ice, water and ions is examined, focusing in particular on ice growth inhibition mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneloes S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oude Vrielink
authors.affiliation: Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aloi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Luuk L C
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Olijve
authors.affiliation: Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ilja K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Voets
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D007053:Ice; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010944:Plants; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007053:Ice; D007477:Ions; D014867:Water