title: Pregnancy hypertensive disease and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease in women aged 65 years or older: a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim was to study pregnancy hypertensive disease and subsequent risk of dementia. The second aim was to study if the increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke after pregnancy hypertensive disease persist in an elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  3232 women 65 years or older (mean 71 years) at inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to calculate risks of dementia, CVD and/or stroke for women exposed to pregnancy hypertensive disease. Exposure data were collected from an interview at inclusion during the years 1998-2002. Outcome data were collected from the National Patient Register and Cause of Death Register from the year of inclusion until the end of 2010. Age at inclusion was set as a time-dependent variable, and adjustments were made for body mass index, education and smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dementia, CVD, stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the years of follow-up, 7.6% of the women exposed to pregnancy hypertensive disease received a diagnosis of dementia, compared with 7.4% among unexposed women (HR 1.19; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.73). The corresponding rates for CVD were 22.9% for exposed women and 19.0% for unexposed women (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.61), and for stroke 13.4% for exposed women and 10.7% for unexposed women (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no increased risk of dementia after self-reported pregnancy hypertensive disease in our cohort. We found that the previously reported increased risk of CVD and stroke after pregnancy hypertensive disease persists in an older population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-1681
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelander
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cnattingius
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Åkerud
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wikström
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A-K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wikström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia; D011247:Pregnancy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D013548:Sweden