title: Interactions between DNA and gemini surfactant: impact on gene therapy: part II.
abstract: Nonviral gene delivery, provides distinct treatment modalities for the inherited and acquired diseases, relies upon the encapsulation of a gene of interest, which is then ideally delivered to the target cells. Variations in the chemical structure of gemini surfactants and subsequent physicochemical characteristics of the gemini-based lipoplexes and their impact on efficient gene transfection were assessed in part I, which was published in first March 2016 issue of Nanomedicine (1103). In order to design an efficient vector using gemini surfactants, the interaction of the surfactant with DNA and other components of the delivery system must be characterized, and more critically, well understood. Such studies will help to understand how nonviral transfection complexes, in general, overcome various cellular barriers. The Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer studies, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry, small-angle x-ray scattering, are extensively used to evaluate the interaction behavior of gemini surfactants with DNA and other vector components. Part II of this review focuses on the use of these unique techniques to understand their interaction with DNA.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.|Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
authors.forename: Taksim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.|Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon Street, Abbasiya Square, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amany O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.|Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wettig
mesh_terms: D002151:Calorimetry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D004247:DNA
keywords: gemini surfactants; gemini–DNA interactions cellular barriers; nonviral gene therapy; transfection efficiency