title: The effect of prenatal lifestyle intervention on weight retention 12 months postpartum: results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on postpartum weight retention (PPWR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthcare clinics in southern Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy, nulliparous women with body mass index ≥19 kg/m2, age ≥18 years, and singleton pregnancy of ≤20 gestational weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were randomised to intervention (dietary counselling twice by phone and access to twice-weekly exercise groups during pregnancy) or control group (standard prenatal care). Intervention compliance was defined post-factum as attending dietary counselling and ≥14 exercise classes.
  
  
  METHODS
  PPWR (weight measured postpartum minus self-reported pre-pregnancy weight) and the proportion of women returning to pre-pregnancy weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 606 women randomised, 591 were included in an intention-to-treat analysis of pregnancy outcomes and 391 (64.5%) were analysed 12 months postpartum. Mean PPWR was not significantly different between groups (0.66 kg for intervention versus 1.42 kg for control group, mean difference -0.77 kg, 95% CI -1.81, 0.28; P = 0.149). An increased proportion of intervention participants achieved pre-pregnancy weight (53% versus 43%, OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.003, 1.471; P = 0.045). However, the difference was not statistically significant when we adjusted for missing data (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.23, P = 0.067) using logistic mixed-effects models analysis. Women compliant with intervention had significantly lower PPWR than control participants, also after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted mean diff -1.54 kg, 95% CI -3.02, -0.05; P = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Norwegian Fit for Delivery intervention had little effect on PPWR, although women who were compliant with the intervention demonstrated significantly lower PPWR at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Norwegian Fit for Delivery RCT: little effect of lifestyle intervention on weight retention 1 year postpartum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.|Department of Research, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sagedal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.|Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Øverby
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bere
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Torstveit
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lohne-Seiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hillesund
authors.affiliation: Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pripp
authors.affiliation: Section of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vistad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009664:Norway; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins
keywords: Lifestyle; postpartum; pregnancy; weight gain; weight retention