title: Biomarkers in Obesity: Serum Myeloperoxidase and Traditional Cardiac Risk Parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic low-grade inflammation, combined with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, is common in obesity, providing systemic inflammation that is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Studies have shown serum mieloperoxidase as a potential biomarker and its clinical applicability for evaluating cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate the MPO in obese individuals, with or without systemic inflammation and potential cardiovascular risk, as well as correlating MPO with some classic cardiovascular risk parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammatory and cardiovascular risk markers, as well as different biochemical and hematological laboratory parameters, were analyzed. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to the presence (hs-CRP>3 mg/L) or absence (hs-CRP<3 mg/L) of systemic inflammation and possible cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPO was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the obese individuals with systemic inflammation. A significant increase (p<0.05) in the following biochemical parameters: glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, non-HDL, TG/HDL was observed, and a significant decrease (p<0.01) in HDL was observed. Significant increases in the counts of total leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes (p<0.01), as well as elevated blood pressure (p<0.05), were observed in the group of obese individuals with systemic inflammation. Serum MPO levels were correlated with classic proinflammatory and cardiovascular risk parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High serum levels of MPO were observed in obese individuals with hs-CRP above 3 mg/L, which is a classic biomarker for inflammation and cardiovascular risk, suggesting the potential role of MPO in clinical applicability for cardiovascular disease in this population. However, considering that inflammation in obesity appears to manifest as a non-classical mechanism, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of MPO in cardiovascular events in the population with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: D C K
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Borato
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Parabocz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wiecheteck
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Manente
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: L R de Almeida
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belló
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: F André
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C R
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vellosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D009195:Peroxidase; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human