title: Poppers use and risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although poppers are increasingly popular among MSM in China, little is known about the patterns of poppers use. The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of poppers use and examine its association with sexual behaviors and HIV infection among MSM in Beijing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a multi-component HIV intervention trial, 3588 MSM were surveyed between March 2013 and March 2014 in Beijing, China. Blood samples were collected and tested for HIV and syphilis. The questionnaire collected information about socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlates of poppers use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a quarter of men (27.5%) reported having used at least one type of drugs in the past three months. Poppers were the most popular one (26.8%). Poppers use was correlated with a higher HIV prevalence [odds ratio (OR): 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.70]. Demographic and sexual behavioral factors associated with poppers use included: younger age [adjusted OR (AOR): 1.56, 95% CI: 1.25-1.94], higher education (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.33-1.96), alcohol use (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.10-1.60), seeking male partners mainly via the internet (AOR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28-2.00), multiple male sex partnership (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.90-2.60), and unprotected receptive anal intercourse (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.28-1.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, poppers use was positively associated with HIV infection and unprotected anal intercourse. Intervention efforts should be devoted to promote safer sex and HIV testing and counseling among MSM who use poppers.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuejuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zheya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Electronic address: hexiong@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Han-Zhu
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Sten H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Vermund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009573:Nitrites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites
keywords: China; HIV; Men who have sex with men; Popper; Unprotected anal intercourse