title: Antagonistic activity of fungi of Olea europaea L. against Colletotrichum acutatum.
abstract: Fungi naturally present in olive trees were identified and tested for their antagonistic potential against Colletotrichum acutatum. A total of 14 isolates were identified, 12 belonged to genera Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Anthrinium, Chaetomium, Diaporthe, Nigrospora, one to family Xylariaceae and one was unclassified. All fungal isolates showed some inhibitory action over the growth of C. acutatum during dual culture growth, however, when agar-diffusible tests were performed only five fungal isolates caused C. acutatum growth inhibition: Alternaria sp. isolate 2 (26.8%), the fungus from Xylariaceae family (14.3%), Alternaria sp. isolate 1 (10.7%); Diaporthe sp. (10.7%), Nigrospora oryzae (3.5%). Volatile substances produced by these isolates were identified through gas-chromatography techniques, as phenylethyl alcohol, 4-methylquinazoline, benzothiazole, benzyl alcohol, lilial, galaxolide, among others. These inhibitory volatiles could play a significant role in reduction of C. acutatum expansion in olive and their study as potential biocontrol agents should be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Landum
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria do Rosário
authors.initials: Mdo R
authors.lastname: Félix
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alho
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cabrita
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rei
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal. Electronic address: carlavaranda@uevora.pt.
authors.forename: Carla M R
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Varanda
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005670:Fusarium; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development; D031658:Olea / Q000382:microbiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Anthracnosis; Biocontrol; Olive; Volatiles