title: High-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast with multiband 2D radiofrequency pulses and a generalized parallel imaging reconstruction.
abstract: To develop a technique for high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and to compare it with standard DWI methods.
  
  
  
  Multiple in-plane bands of magnetization were simultaneously excited by identically phase modulating each subpulse of a two-dimensional (2D) RF pulse. Several excitations with the same multiband pattern progressively shifted in the phase-encode direction were used to cover the prescribed field of view (FOV). The phase-encoded FOV was limited to the width of a single band to reduce off-resonance-induced distortion and blurring. Parallel imaging (PI) techniques were used to resolve aliasing from the other bands and to combine the different excitations. Following validation in phantoms and healthy volunteers, a preliminary study in breast cancer patients (N=14) was performed to compare the proposed method to conventional DWI with PI and to reduced-FOV DWI.
  
  
  
  The proposed method gave high-resolution diffusion-weighted images with minimal artifacts at the band intersections. Compared to PI alone, higher phase-encoded FOV-reduction factors and reduced noise amplification were obtained, which translated to higher resolution images than conventional (non-multiband) DWI. The same resolution and image quality achievable over targeted regions using existing reduced-FOV methods was obtained, but the proposed method also enables complete bilateral coverage.
  
  
  
  We developed an in-plane multiband technique for high-resolution DWI and compared its performance with other standard DWI methods. Magn Reson Med 77:209-220, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Taviani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Alley
authors.affiliation: Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA.
authors.forename: Suchandrima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Dwight G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Shreyas S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Vasanawala
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011846:Radio Waves; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 2D RF pulse; DWI; breast; multiband; parallel imaging