title: Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: Review of human evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to prescription drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods/medical foods are being increasingly added as adjunct treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even though most of them have been exclusively studied in vitro.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We review the available evidence (focusing on when the amount of polyphenols' intake was measured) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of (poly)phenol-based supplements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that (poly)phenol-based nutraceuticals and functional foods might be indeed used as adjunct therapy of CVD, but additional long-term RCTs with adequate numerosity and with clinically relevant end points are needed to provide unequivocal evidence of their clinical usefulness.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Joao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomé-Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy . Electronic address: francesco.visioli@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Visioli
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D055951:Functional Food; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Functional foods; Nutraceuticals; Polyphenols; Randomized controlled trials