title: Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection and subtyping of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a growing problem that presents a significant challenge to Otolaryngologist-Head and Neck Surgeons. Knowledge of HPV status yields critical prognostic information, with potential for treatment selection based on tumour HPV status. The current gold standard of diagnosis, PCR, is expensive, demanding and time consuming. Alternatives such as p16 immunohistochemistry are subjective and potentially inaccurate. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, robust and inexpensive molecular diagnostic technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to verify LAMP as a potential bedside diagnostic assay for subtyping of HPV in OPSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from 72 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) OPSCC patient samples was tested. PCR and LAMP were then performed to specifically identify HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For these high-risk subtypes, LAMP had an overall sensitivity of 99.4% and specificity of 93.2% relative to PCR. LAMP is a promising technology that can accurately diagnose high-risk HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: devonlivingstone@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohatensky
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mintchev
authors.affiliation: Ohlson Research Initiative, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nakoneshny
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Demetrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Marle
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Ohlson Research Initiative, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dort
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D061809:Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests / Q000379:methods*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058952:Human papillomavirus 31 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: HPV; LAMP; Loop-mediated isothermal amplification; OPSCC; Oropharynx