title: Protective Effects of Apigenin Against Paraquat-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of apigenin against paraquat (PQ)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (PQ), group 3 (PQ + apigenin 25 mg/kg), group 4 (PQ + apigenin 50 mg/kg), and group 5 (PQ + apigenin 100 mg/kg). The PQ + apigenin group received apigenin by gavage daily for consecutive 7 days, respectively, while the mice in control and PQ groups were given an equivalent volume of saline. We detected the lung wet/dry weight ratios and the histopathology of the lung. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was also determined. The results indicated that apigenin administration decreased biochemical parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress, and improved oxygenation and lung edema in a dose-dependent manner. These protective effects of apigenin were associated with inhibition of NF-κB. In conclusion, apigenin reduces PQ-induced ALI by inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Ling
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Xi
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Haiyang People's Hospital, No. 73 Haiyang Road, Haiyang, 265100, China. luanruiling@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D047310:Apigenin; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: acute lung injury; apigenin; inflammation; oxidative stress; paraquat