title: Regional Cerebral Gray Matter Volume in HIV-Positive Patients with Executive Function Deficits.
abstract: To evaluate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with and without executive functions deficits and healthy control subjects differ on cortical thickness and subcortical brain structures volume in vivo.
  
  
  
  In total, 34 HIV-positive patients with executive functions deficits were compared with 13 HIV-positive patients without executive functions deficits and 19 gender-, age-, and education-matched control subjects. Executive functions impairments were classified by performance on the Wisconsin card sorting test. T1 3-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo-weighted imaging was performed using a 1.5 Tesla (magnetic resonance) MR scanner. FreeSurfer software was used to perform cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation of subcortical gray matter structures.
  
  
  
  HIV-positive patients with executive functions deficits had smaller volumes in the right and left caudate compared with the HIV-positive patients without executive functions deficits and control groups. In addition, HIV-positive patients with executive functions deficits had smaller volumes in their left accumbens, right putamen, and globus pallidum compared with the control group. No significant differences in cortical thickness were observed between the groups.
  
  
  
  HIV-positive patients with executive functions deficits have reduced volumes of several subcortical structures, primarily in the caudate nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo Goulart
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nicolle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tukamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Castro Bellini Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Ferracini
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rochele Paz
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Valle
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bahia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson Leandro
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Gasparetto
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001938:Brazil; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D011699:Putamen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders; brain volume; cortical thickening