title: Glycemic control and self-monitoring of blood glucose in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin: Baseline results from the COMPASS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is not widely utilized in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. In this analysis, we evaluated the current state of SMBG in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2-phase COMPASS study involved 24 centers across 10 provinces and cities in China. In the first phase, a cross sectional survey was carried out in type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment. The inclusion criteria for the study subjects in the first phase were: type 2 diabetes, insulin treatment for ≥ 3 months, and age ≥ 18 years. Evaluation was made on the status of SMBG and insulin therapy in these patients by a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2819 patients (age 58.2 ± 10.8 years; 49.6% females; BMI 24.6 ± 3.4 kg/m(2)) with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes were recruited in phase I of this study. The majority of patients (80.4%) were receiving insulin treatment for at least 6 months. At baseline, the mean HbA1c was 8.5 ± 1.9% and 54.6% of patients had an HbA1c above 8%. 50.4% of the cohort had diabetes for at least 10 years, and fewer of these patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol). At baseline, 65.8% of patients reported that daily SMBG frequency was performed on a random basis. 59.2% of patients reported that they occasionally, rarely or never follow their physician's instructions regarding SMBG. Hypoglycemia occurred in over 50% of patients, although in 71.8% of patients this was a rare occurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is low utilization of SMBG in Chinese adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, with approximately two-thirds of patients reporting irregular use of SMBG. This is in line with an overall poor level of glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: jiln@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: suqing139@126.com.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Tongji University Oriental Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: fengbo@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Electronic address: shanzhongyan@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: renminghu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: xingxp2006@126.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Nan Fang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: xueyaoming999@126.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Insulin; SMBG; Type 2 diabetes