title: Life Satisfaction and Morbidity among Postmenopausal Women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between morbidity and global life satisfaction in postmenopausal women taking into account type and number of diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11,084 women (age range 57-66 years) from a population-based cohort of Finnish women (OSTPRE Study) responded to a postal enquiry in 1999. Life satisfaction was measured with a 4-item scale. Self-reported diseases diagnosed by a physician and categorized according to ICD-10 main classes were used as a measure of morbidity. Enquiry data on health and lifestyle were used as covariates in the multivariate logistic models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morbidity was strongly associated with life dissatisfaction. Every additional disease increased the risk of life dissatisfaction by 21.1% (p < .001). The risk of dissatisfaction was strongest among women with mental disorders (OR = 5.26; 95%CI 3.84-7.20) and neurological disorders (OR = 3.62; 95%CI 2.60-5.02) compared to the healthy (each p < .001). Smoking, physical inactivity and marital status were also associated with life dissatisfaction (each p < .001) but their introduction to the multivariate model did not attenuate the pattern of associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morbidity and life dissatisfaction have a disease-specific and dose-dependent relationship. Even if women with mental and neurological disorders have the highest risk for life dissatisfaction, monitoring life satisfaction among aging women regardless of disorders should be undertaken in order to intervene the joint adverse effects of poor health and poor well-being.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland.|Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UEF, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Pyry S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lukkala
authors.affiliation: Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UEF, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Risto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Honkanen
authors.affiliation: Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UEF, Kuopio, Finland.|Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UEF, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Päivi H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rauma
authors.affiliation: IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
authors.forename: Lana J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
authors.forename: Shae E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Quirk
authors.affiliation: Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UEF, Kuopio, Finland.|Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Handsurgery, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH), Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kröger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, UEF, Kuopio, Finland.|Department of Psychiatry: KUH, Kuopio, South-Savonia Hospital District, Mikkeli, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, SOSTERI, Savonlinna, SOTE, Iisalmi, Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koivumaa-Honkanen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004194:Disease / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000523:psychology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction