title: Millimeter-wave sensor based on a λ/2-line resonator for identification and dielectric characterization of non-ionic surfactants.
abstract: Studies of biological and artificial membrane systems, such as niosomes, currently rely on the use of fluorescent tags, which can influence the system under investigation. For this reason, the development of label-free, non-invasive detection techniques is of great interest. We demonstrate an open-volume label-free millimeter-wave sensing platform based on a coplanar waveguide, developed for identification and characterization of niosome constituents. A design based on a λ/2-line resonator was used and on-wafer measurements of transmission and reflection parameters were performed up to 110 GHz. Our sensor was able to clearly distinguish between common niosome constituents, non-ionic surfactants Tween 20 and Span 80, measuring a resonance shift of 3 GHz between them. The complex permittivities of the molecular compounds have been extracted. Our results indicate insignificant frequency dependence in the investigated frequency range (3 GHz - 110 GHz). Values of permittivity around 3.0 + 0.7i and 2.2 + 0.4i were obtained for Tween 20 and Span 80, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.|Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: G D M
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Jeffries
authors.affiliation: Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vukusic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jesorka
authors.affiliation: Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stake