title: Critical Analysis of Early Recurrence after Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy in a Large Cohort by the ESUT.
abstract: We analyze patients with early progression after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in a large cohort by the ESUT (European Association of Urology Section of Uro-Technology). More specifically we focus on patients with favorable pathology (pT2 N0 R0 or less) who experienced an unexpected recurrence and analyze possible causes for such early recurrence, discussing the surgical technique including pneumoperitoneum.
  
  
  
  Since 2000 the ESUT has been constructing a large, multicenter, prospective database of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy. All procedures were performed via a standard laparoscopic approach without robotic assistance. We specifically analyzed patients with favorable pathological characteristics, in particular pT2 N0 R0 or less, and evaluated those with progression despite these favorable characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate risk factors for early recurrence.
  
  
  
  A total of 627 patients were available for final analysis with a median followup of 46 months (mean 57). Of these patients 311 had favorable pathological characteristics of pT2 N0 R0 or less. During followup 27 (8.7%) patients experienced disease progression during the first 24 months. Surgical negligence was found in only 1 case. Most of these patients with early recurrence had progression to high tumor volume disseminated metastatic disease. On multivariate logistic regression tumor stage was the only factor significantly associated with early recurrence (p=0.027).
  
  
  
  We report early unexpected recurrences after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in nearly 5% of our entire cohort, all in patients with favorable pathological characteristics (pT2 N0 R0 or less). Pneumoperitoneum may have had a role in the development of these relapses. Specifically designed studies are necessary to investigate the possible role of pneumoperitoneum in urothelial cancer recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: albisinni.simone@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albisinni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Maxima Medisch Centrum, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fossion
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Clinique Saint Augustin, Bordeaux.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oderda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Omar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Aboumarzouk
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tirol Kliniken, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, San Raffaele - Turro Hospital, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Varca
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Montsouris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Salas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Montsouris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cathelineau
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chlosta
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, San Raffaele - Turro Hospital, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaboardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tirol Kliniken, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nagele
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Clinique Saint Augustin, Bordeaux.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piechaud
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SLK Kliniken, Heilbronn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rassweiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rimington
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, CHU Henri Mondor, Creteil, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Velthoven
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018450:Disease Progression; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: cystectomy; laparoscopy; recurrence; treatment outcome; urinary bladder neoplasms