title: Prevalence and Predictors of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with HIV Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: An Indian Perspective.
abstract: Background. Predictors of thyroid dysfunction in HIV are not well determined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction in HIV infected Indians. Methods. Consecutive HIV patients, 18-70 years of age, without any severe comorbid state, having at least 1-year follow-up at the antiretroviral therapy clinic, underwent clinical assessment and hormone assays. Results. From initially screened 527 patients, 359 patients (61.44 ± 39.42 months' disease duration), having good immune function [CD4 count >200 cell/mm(3): 90.25%; highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): 88.58%], were analyzed. Subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH) was the commonest thyroid dysfunction (14.76%) followed by sick euthyroid syndrome (SES) (5.29%) and isolated low TSH (3.1%). Anti-TPO antibody (TPOAb) was positive in 3.90%. Baseline CD4 count had inverse correlation with TPOAb after adjusting for age and body mass index. Stepwise linear regression revealed baseline CD4 count, TPOAb, and tuberculosis to be best predictors of ScH after adjusting for age, weight, duration of HIV, and history of opportunistic fungal and viral infections. Conclusion. Burden of thyroid dysfunction in chronic HIV infection with stable immune function is lower compared to pre-HAART era. Thyroid dysfunction is primarily of nonautoimmune origin, predominantly ScH. Severe immunodeficiency at disease onset, TPOAb positivity, and tuberculosis were best predictors of ScH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Neera
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Lokesh Kumar
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Deep
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Adesh Kisanji
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gadpayle
authors.affiliation: Anti-Retroviral Therapy Clinic, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gaurav
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Sabyasachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, 1 Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bansal