title: Pretreatment serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels predict the progression of colorectal cancer.
abstract: The correlations of pretreatment serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) with the clinicopathologic features and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) were investigated. The pretreatment serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα were measured in 164 CRC patients before treatment. The relationships between changes in proinflammatory cytokine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and both clinicopathologic variables and disease progression were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Advanced tumor stage was associated with a poorer histologic differentiation, higher CRP level, lower albumin level, and inferior progression-free survival rate (PFSR). Furthermore, high levels of CRP (>5 mg/L) were associated with proinflammatory cytokine intensity, defined according to the number of proinflammatory cytokines with levels above the median level (IL-1β ≥10 pg/mL; IL-6 ≥ 10 pg/mL; and TNFα ≥55 pg/mL). Under different inflammation states, proinflammatory cytokine intensity, in addition to tumor stage, independently predicted PFSR in patients with CRP <5 mg/L, whereas tumor stage was the only independent predictor of PFSR in patients with CRP ≥5 mg/L. Proinflammatory cytokine intensity and the CRP level are clinically relevant for CRC progression. Measurement of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα serum levels may help identify early cancer progression among patients with CRP <5 mg/L in routine practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Hung
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Division of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Division of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ko
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Seng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Han
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Yun
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: CRP; Colorectal cancer; IL-1β; IL-6; Progression; TNFα