title: Effects of design parameters on fracture resistance of glass simulated dental crowns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to individually quantify the effects of various design parameters, including margin thickness, convergence angle of abutment, and bonding conditions on fracture resistance of resin bonded glass dental crown systems (namely, glass simulated crown).
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro experimental test and an in silico computational eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) were adopted to explore crack initiation and propagation in glass simulated crown models with the margin thickness ranging from 0.8 to 1.2mm, convergence angle from 6° to 12°, and three different bonding conditions, namely non-bonded (NB), partially bonded (PB), fully bonded (FB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The XFEM modeling results of cracking initiation loads and subsequent growth in the glass simulated crown models were correlated with the experimental results. It was found that the margin thickness has a more significant effect on the fracture resistance than the convergence angle. The adhesively bonded state has the highest fracture resistance among these three different bonding conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crowns with thicker margins, smaller convergence angle and fully bonded are recommended for increasing fracture resistance of all-ceramic crowns. This numerical modeling study, supported by the experimental tests, provides more thorough mechanical insight into the role of margin design parameters, thereby forming a novel basis for clinical guidance as to preparation of tapered abutments for all-ceramic dental crowns.
authors.affiliation: School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: leo.zhang@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Zhongpu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. Electronic address: tsor7523@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tanapon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sornsuwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Electronic address: chaiy@eng.cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Chaiy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rungsiyakull
authors.affiliation: School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: wei.li@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: qing.li@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Disciplines of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Electronic address: mswain@mail.usyd.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Swain
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements
keywords: Convergence angle; Dental crown; Fracture; Margin thickness; XFEM