title: Associations of Age, BMI, and Years of Menstruation with Proximal Femur Strength in Chinese Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: This study aimed to elucidate the associations of age, BMI, and years of menstruation with proximal femur strength in Chinese postmenopausal women, which may improve the prediction of hip fracture risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1322 Chinese postmenopausal women recruited from communities. DXA images were used to generate bone mineral density (BMD) and geometric parameters, including cross-sectional area (CSA), outer diameter (OD), cortical thickness (CT), section modulus (SM), buckling ratio (BR) at the narrow neck (NN), intertrochanter (IT), and femoral shaft (FS). Relationships of age, BMI, and years of menstruation with bone phenotypes were analyzed with the adjustment of height, age at menarche, total daily physical activity, education, smoking status, calcium tablet intake, etc. Age was associated with lower BMD, CSA, CT, SM, and higher BR (p < 0.05), which indicated a weaker bone strength at the proximal femur. BMI and years of menstruation had the positive relationships with proximal femur strength (p < 0.05). Further analyses showed that the ranges of absolute value of change slope per year, per BMI or per year of menstruation were 0.14%-1.34%, 0.20%-2.70%, and 0.16%-0.98%, respectively. These results supported that bone strength deteriorated with aging and enhanced with higher BMI and longer time of years of menstruation in Chinese postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. kanghl3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. xiaosm3@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. hangy3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guiyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. huangh237@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. chenwq@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. wangxid@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xidan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. missxiedou@163.com.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. chenyum@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Su-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011859:Radiography
keywords: BMI; age; postmenopausal women; proximal femur strength; years of menstruation