title: Exploring new biomarkers in the tumour microenvironment of canine inflammatory mammary tumours.
abstract: Human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and canine inflammatory mammary cancer (CIMC) are the most aggressive forms of mammary cancer. Current research aims to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated gene expression levels of biomarkers associated with the inflammatory microenvironment. A total of 32 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of canine mammary carcinoma (CIMC = 26; non-CIMC = 6) were used and their cDNA subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to establish gene expression levels for mediators commonly implicated in linking carcinogenesis with inflammation. Gene expression differences between CIMC and non-CIMC types were obtained for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) (P = 0.004), synuclein gamma (SNCG) (P = 0.006), tribbles 1 (P = 0.025), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.017) and CSF1R (P = 0.045). Among these biomarkers correlations were found, particularly between SNCG and tribbles 1 (r = 0.512, P = 0.001). The efficient metastasis of CIMC is intimately linked to components in the tumour microenvironment. This study suggests that upregulation and correlation of SNCG and tribbles 1 deserves to be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.|Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.|Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.|Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prada
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.|Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Queiroga
authors.affiliation: The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Argyle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D051843:Synucleins / Q000378:metabolism; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051843:Synucleins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: canine inflammatory mammary carcinomas; inflammation; inflammatory breast cancer