title: Prognostic significance of CD44v6, p63, podoplanin and MMP-9 in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the expression of the CD44v6, p63, podoplanin and MMP-9, and their prognostic significance in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry technique was performed on 60 OSCC for detection of CD44v6, p63, podoplanin and MMP-9 proteins. Extent and intensity of staining were evaluated in tumour cells and were compared with patients' clinical-pathological characteristics and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD44v6 expression was detected at the membrane of tumour cells of 94% cases. Nuclear expression of p63 protein was present in 96.5%. Podoplanin was observed at the membrane of tumour cells of 94% cases. MMP-9 was found in the cytoplasm of tumour cells in 83.7% cases. A high level of expression (67%-89%) in all four proteins was noted. Podoplanin was associated with the expression of MMP-9 (P = 0.010) and both were associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011 and P = 0.018, respectively). Co-expression of podoplanin/MMP-9 was an adverse independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival (P = 0.008) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Podoplanin and MMP-9 together could contribute to tumour progression and dissemination of OSCC. Their combined overexpression showed an adverse effect on survival, suggesting that they could be regarded as important prognostic biomarkers in OSCC.
authors.affiliation: CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.|Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.affiliation: CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.|Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.|Stomatology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Oporto Hospitalar Centre, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.affiliation: CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.|Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.|Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pathology and Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.|Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bousbaa
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine, The WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warnakulasuryia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D000098853:Podoplanin
chemical_list: D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C112697:CD44v6 antigen; C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; C117468:PDPN protein, human; D000098853:Podoplanin
keywords: CD44v6; MMP-9; oral cancer; p63; podoplanin; prognosis