title: The influence of hypoxic physical activity on cfDNA as a new marker of vascular inflammation.
abstract: The phenomenon of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is important for many biomedical disciplines including the field of exercise biochemistry and physiology. It is likely that cfDNA is released into the plasma by apoptosis of endothelial cells and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and/or by NETosis of immune cells induced by strenuous exercise. Increases of cfDNA are described to be a potential hallmark for the overtraining syndrome, and might be related to aseptic vascular inflammation in athletes. Yet, the relevance of systemic inflammation and cfDNA with endothelial dysfunction in athletes still remains unclear. In this review article, we provide a current overview of exercise-induced cfDNA release to the circulation with special emphasis on its relationship with apoptosis and NETosis and the effect of hypoxic physical activity on vascular inflammation in athletes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pokrywka
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zembron-Lacny
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baldy-Chudzik
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nutrition, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orysiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sitkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
keywords: NETosis; apoptosis; cytokines; overtraining