title: Randomised controlled trial of contralateral manual acupuncture for the relief of chronic shoulder pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of contralateral manual acupuncture (MA) on patients with chronic shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients with chronic shoulder pain were randomly allocated to receive contralateral MA (n=38) for 4 weeks or to remain on a waiting list while receiving conventional orthopaedic therapy (n=42). Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were taken as the primary outcome measure and used for a priori power calculation. Secondary outcome measures for the assessment of shoulder mobility and quality of life included the Jobe test, the Constant-Murley (CM) score, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, and the 36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis demonstrated significant pain relief with contralateral acupuncture, with mean differences in VAS scores compared to the waiting list group of -19.4 (-28.0 to -10.8) at 2 weeks, -40.4 (-49.0 to -31.8) at 4 weeks, -41.1 (-49.7 to -32.5) at 8 weeks, and -40.9 (-49.5 to -32.3) at 16 weeks. CM and DASH scores were also improved at all time points (p<0.01). Shoulder mobility, physical functioning, social functioning and mental health components of the SF-36 were also improved by contralateral acupuncture at 8 weeks. No significant adverse effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate beneficial effects of contralateral acupuncture in the treatment of chronic shoulder pain, both in terms of pain and function. Future research is required to compare directly the effects of local and contralateral acupuncture and to quantify the specific and non-specific effects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01733914.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China Department of Neurobiology, and Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haolin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Medicine, Sichuan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jungang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Medicine, Sichuan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Medicine, Sichuan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Congcong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Medicine, Sichuan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, and Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Lixing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, and Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-4255
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, and Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: ACUPUNCTURE; PAIN MANAGEMENT