title: Development of interspecies hybrids to increase ginseng biomass and ginsenoside yield.
abstract: Interspecific hybrids between Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius results in hybrid vigor and higher ginsenoside contents. Ginseng is one of the most important herbs with valued pharmaceutical effects contributing mainly by the presence of bioactive ginsenosides in the roots. However, ginseng industry is impeded largely by its biological properties, because ginseng plants are slow-growing perennial herbs with lower yield. To increase the ginseng yield and amounts of ginsenosides, we developed an effective ginseng production system using the F(1) progenies obtained from the interspecific reciprocal cross between two Panax species: P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius. Although hybrid plants show reduced male fertility, F(1) hybrids with the maternal origin either from P. ginseng or P. quinquefolius displayed heterosis; they had larger roots and higher contents of ginsenosides as compared with non-hybrid parental lines. Remarkably, the F(1) hybrids with the maternal origin of P. quinquefolius had much higher ginsenoside contents, especially ginsenoside Re and Rb1, than those with the maternal origin of P. ginseng. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomic profiling revealed a clear increase of a large number of primary and secondary metabolites including fatty acids, amino acids and ginsenosides in hybrid plants. To effectively identify the F(1) hybrids for the large-scale cultivation, we successfully developed a molecular marker detection system for discriminating F(1) reciprocal hybrids. In summary, this work provided a practical system for reciprocal hybrid ginseng production, which would facilitate the ginseng production in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea. yujinkim@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeniffer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China.|School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Dabing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China.
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Gi
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Saeng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea. dcyang@khu.ac.kr.|Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea. dcyang@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Deok-Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018533:Biomass; D000069599:Crop Production / Q000379:methods; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D035264:Flowers / Q000166:cytology; D005819:Genetic Markers; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D005894:Panax / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D036145:Ginsenosides
keywords: Ginsenosides; Hybrid; Molecular markers; P. quinquefolius; Panax ginseng; Yield