title: Progenitor/Stem Cell Markers in Brain Adjacent to   Glioblastoma: GD3 Ganglioside and NG2 Proteoglycan   Expression.
abstract: Characterization of tissue surrounding glioblastoma (GBM) is a focus for translational research because tumor recurrence invariably occurs in this area. We investigated the expression of the progenitor/stem cell markers GD3 ganglioside and NG2 proteoglycan in GBM, peritumor tissue (brain adjacent to tumor, BAT) and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) isolated from GBM (GCSCs) and BAT (PCSCs). GD3 and NG2 immunohistochemistry was performed in paired GBM and BAT specimens from 40 patients. Double-immunofluorescence was carried out to characterize NG2-positive cells of vessel walls. GD3 and NG2 expression was investigated in GCSCs and PCSCs whose tumorigenicity was also evaluated in Scid/bg mice. GD3 and NG2 expression was higher in tumor tissue than in BAT. NG2 decreased as the distance from tumor margin increased, regardless of the tumor cell presence, whereas GD3 correlated with neoplastic infiltration. In BAT, NG2 was coexpressed with a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) in pericytes and with nestin in the endothelium. Higher levels of NG2 mRNA and protein were found in GCSCs while GD3 synthase was expressed at similar levels in the 2 CSC populations. PCSCs had lower tumorigenicity than GCSCs. These data suggest the possible involvement of GD3 and NG2 in pre/pro-tumorigenic events occurring in the complex microenvironment of the tissue surrounding GBM.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lama
authors.forename: Annunziato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangiola
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colabianchi
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angelucci
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D' Alessio
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Bonis
authors.forename: Maria Concetta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Geloso
authors.forename: Libero
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lauriola
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Binda
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biamonte
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vescovi
authors.forename: Gigliola
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sica
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D064231:Nestin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012799:Sialyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000941:Antigens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005732:Gangliosides; D064231:Nestin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012799:Sialyltransferases; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; C577484:NES protein, human; C026226:ganglioside, GD3; C043662:alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase