title: Productivity Costs Associated With Breast Cancer Among Survivors Aged 18-44 Years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No study has quantified productivity losses associated with breast cancer in younger women aged 18-44 years. This study estimated productivity costs, including work and home productivity losses, among younger women who reported ever receiving a breast cancer diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-part regression model and 2000-2010 National Health Interview Survey data were used to estimate the number of work and home productivity days missed because of breast cancer, adjusted for socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities. Estimates for younger women were compared with those for women aged 45-64 years. Data were analyzed in 2013-2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Per capita, younger women with breast cancer had annual losses of $2,293 (95% CI=$1,069, $3,518) from missed work and $442 (95% CI=$161, $723) from missed home productivity. Total annual breast cancer-associated productivity costs for younger women were $344 million (95% CI=$154 million, $535 million). Older women with breast cancer had lower per capita work loss productivity costs of $1,407 (95% CI=$899, $1,915) but higher total work loss productivity costs estimated at $1,072 million (95% CI=$685 million, $1,460 million) than younger women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Younger women with a history of breast cancer face a disproportionate share of work and home productivity losses. Although older women have lower per capita costs, total productivity costs were higher for older women because the number of older women with breast cancer is higher. The results underscore the importance of continued efforts by the public health community to promote and support the unique needs of younger breast cancer survivors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: dce3@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Donatus U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Ekwueme
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Justin G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Trogdon
authors.affiliation: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Khavjou
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Gery P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Guy
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017741:Survivors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult