title: Bacteria capable of degrading anthracene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene as revealed by DNA based stable-isotope probing in a forest soil.
abstract: Information on microorganisms possessing the ability to metabolize different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in complex environments helps in understanding PAHs behavior in natural environment and developing bioremediation strategies. In the present study, stable-isotope probing (SIP) was applied to investigate degraders of PAHs in a forest soil with the addition of individually (13)C-labeled phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. Three distinct phylotypes were identified as the active phenanthrene-, anthracene- and fluoranthene-degrading bacteria. The putative phenanthrene degraders were classified as belonging to the genus Sphingomona. For anthracene, bacteria of the genus Rhodanobacter were the putative degraders, and in the microcosm amended with fluoranthene, the putative degraders were identified as belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria. Our results from DNA-SIP are the first to directly link Rhodanobacter- and Acidobacteria-related bacteria with anthracene and fluoranthene degradation, respectively. The results also illustrate the specificity and diversity of three- and four-ring PAHs degraders in forest soil, contributes to our understanding on natural PAHs biodegradation processes, and also proves the feasibility and practicality of DNA-based SIP for linking functions with identity especially uncultured microorganisms in complex microbial biota.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Mengke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Longfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Dayi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: clluo@gig.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D061271:Acidobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D065928:Forests; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005449:Fluorenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C007738:fluoranthene; C031181:phenanthrene; C034020:anthracene
keywords: Anthracene; Biodegradation; DNA stable-isotope probing; Fluoranthene; Forest soil; Phenanthrene