title: Contaminated biomass fly ashes--Characterization and treatment optimization for reuse as building materials.
abstract: The incineration of treated waste wood generates more contaminated fly ashes than when forestry or agricultural waste is used as fuel. The characteristics of these biomass fly ashes depend on the type of waste wood and incineration process parameters, and their reuse is restricted by their physical, chemical and environmental properties. In this study, four different fly ash types produced by two different incineration plants were analysed and compared to Dutch and European standards on building materials. A combined treatment was designed for lowering the leaching of contaminants and the effect of each treatment step was quantified. A pilot test was performed in order to scale up the treatment. It was found that chlorides (which are the main contaminant in all studied cases) are partly related to the amount of unburnt carbon and can be successfully removed. Other contaminants (such as sulphates and chromium) could be lowered to non-hazardous levels. Other properties (such as particle size, LOI, oxide and mineralogical compositions) are also quantified before and after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Built Environment, Unit Building Physics and Services, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: G.C.H.Doudart.de.la.Gree@tue.nl.
authors.forename: G C H
authors.initials: GCH
authors.lastname: Doudart de la Grée
authors.affiliation: Department of the Built Environment, Unit Building Physics and Services, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.v.a.florea@tue.nl.
authors.forename: M V A
authors.initials: MVA
authors.lastname: Florea
authors.affiliation: Department of the Built Environment, Unit Building Physics and Services, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Van Gansewinkel Minerals, Flight Forum 240, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keulen
authors.affiliation: Department of the Built Environment, Unit Building Physics and Services, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J H
authors.initials: HJH
authors.lastname: Brouwers
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D003252:Construction Materials; D009426:Netherlands; D010316:Particle Size; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D060729:Coal Ash; D013431:Sulfates; D002857:Chromium
keywords: Biomass fly ash; Chloride; Leaching; Thermal treatment; Washing