title: Preparation, characterization and toxicological investigation of copper loaded chitosan nanoparticles in human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells.
abstract: Metallic nanoparticles often attribute severe adverse effects to the various organs or tissues at the molecular level despite of their applications in medical, laboratory and industrial sectors. The present study highlights the preparation of copper adsorbed chitosan nanoparticles (CuCSNPs), its characterization and validation of cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells. Particle size of the CuCSNPs was determined by using Zetasizer and the copper loading was quantified with the help of ICP/MS. Further characterization of CuCSNPs was carried out by FT-IR analysis to determine the formation of nanoparticles and SEM was conducted for the morphological analysis of the CuCSNPs. The CuCSNPs exhibited pronounced cytotoxic effects towards HEK-293 cells as analyzed by MTT assay. Moreover, the CuCSNPs inhibited the colony formation and induced nuclear damage at the dose of 100 μg/mL, much more effectively than the in built control copper sulfate (CuSO4). At the molecular level, the CuCSNPs were found to be triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating effector caspases and subsequent PARP cleavage to induce cell death in HEK-293 cells.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India; Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: Vandna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhanwal
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India; Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saneja
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: Hina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: Reyaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ur Rasool
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India; Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: Prem Narayan
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India. Electronic address: agoswami@iiim.ac.in.
authors.forename: Anindya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goswami
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D048271:Chitosan; D019327:Copper Sulfate
keywords: Caspase cleavage; Chitosan; CuCSNPs; Cytotoxicity; ROS