title: DNA Sequence Polymorphism of the Lactate Dehydrogenase Genefrom Iranian Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Isolates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is extensively employed as malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Moreover, it is a well-known drug target candidate. However, the genetic diversity of this gene might influence performance of RDT kits and its drug target candidacy. This study aimed to determine polymorphism of pLDH gene from Iranian isolates of P. vivax and P. falciparum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of microscopically confirmed P. vivax and P. falciparum infected patients. pLDH gene of P. falciparum and P. vivax was amplified using conventional PCR from 43 symptomatic malaria patients from Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Southeast Iran from 2012 to 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequence analysis of 15 P. vivax LDH showed fourteen had 100% identity with P. vivax Sal-1 and Belem strains. Two nucleotide substitutions were detected with only one resulted in amino acid change. Analysis of P. falciparum LDH sequences showed six of the seven sequences had 100% homology with P. falciparum 3D7 and Mzr-1. Moreover, PfLDH displayed three nucleotide changes that resulted in changing only one amino acid. PvLDH and PfLDH showed 75%-76% nucleotide and 90.4%-90.76% amino acid homology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pLDH gene from Iranian P. falciparum and P. vivax isolates displayed 98.8-100% homology with 1-3 nucleotide substitutions. This indicated this gene was relatively conserved. Additional studies can be done weather this genetic variation can influence the performance of pLDH based RDTs or not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Getacher Feleke
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nateghpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motevalli Haghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Homa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hajjaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farivar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohebali
authors.affiliation: Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raoofian
keywords: Gene polymorphism; Iran; Lactate Dehydrogenase gene; P. falciparum; P. vivax
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