title: Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire for community health nurses: reliability and validity of a Spanish adaptation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to translate the community nursing version of the Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire, adapt the Spanish translation to the primary care context in Spain, and evaluate its reliability and validity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Instruments available in Spanish to date are not designed to rigorously evaluate barriers and incentives associated with evidence-based practice implementation in community health nursing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classical Test Theory approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 49-item Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire was translated, back-translated and pilot-tested. Two items were added to assess respondents' ability to read and understand the English language. During the first six months of 2010, 513 nurses from 255 primary health care centres in Catalunya (Spain) voluntarily participated in the study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Internal structure was analysed by principal component analysis. A randomized, controlled, parallel-design study was carried out to test scores' sensitivity to change with two groups, intervention and control. The intervention consisted of eight hours of in-person training, provided by experts in evidence-based practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 513 nurses, 445 (86·7%) nurses responded to all 51 items. Factor analysis showed six components that explained 51% of the total variance. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were satisfactory (Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficients >0·70). A total of 93 nurses participated in the sensitivity-to-change tests (42 in the intervention group, 51 controls). After the training session, overall score and the 'skills for evidence-based practice' component score showed a medium (Cohen d = 0·69) and large effect (Cohen d = 0·86), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire adapted to community health nursing in the primary care setting in Spain has satisfactory psychometric properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire is a useful tool for planning and evaluating the implementation of evidence-based practice in community health nursing.
authors.affiliation: Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain.|Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Edurne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zabaleta-del-Olmo
authors.affiliation: Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic, Vic, Spain.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subirana-Casacuberta
authors.affiliation: Department of Justice, Generalitat de Catalunya, Centre d'Estudis Jurídics i Formació Especialitzada, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ara-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Sant Pau University School of Nursing, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Escuredo-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Team Montornès-Montmeló, Institut Català de la Salut, Vilanova del Vallès, Spain.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Ríos-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Team Sant Martí Provençals Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrés-Esteve
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Team Sant Andreu de la Barca, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Andreu de la Barca, Spain.
authors.forename: Glòria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jodar-Solà
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Teams Mataró 1, 3 and 7, Institut Català de la Salut, Mataró, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lejardi-Estevez
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Institutional Relations Office, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nuix-Baqué
authors.affiliation: Assessment Unit, Sistemes d'Informació i Qualitat, Primary Care Services, City of Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Asunción
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguas-Lluch
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Team Cardedeu, Insititut Català de la Salut, Cardedeu, Spain.
authors.forename: Àngels
authors.initials: À
authors.lastname: Ondiviela-Cariteu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blanco-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Team Camps Blancs, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosa García-Cerdán
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Programa Prevenció i Atenció a la Cronicitat, Pla Interdepartamental d'atenció i interacció social i sanitaria, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Contel-Segura
authors.affiliation: IDIAP Jordi Gol, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jeroni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jurado-Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Juvinyà-Canal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D064691:Nurses, Community Health / Q000523:psychology*; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations
keywords: community health nursing; evidence-based nursing; primary health care; psychometrics; questionnaires; reproducibility of results; validation studies as topic