title: Genetic imaging consortium for addiction medicine: From neuroimaging to genes.
abstract: Since the sample size of a typical neuroimaging study lacks sufficient statistical power to explore unknown genomic associations with brain phenotypes, several international genetic imaging consortia have been organized in recent years to pool data across sites. The challenges and achievements of these consortia are considered here with the goal of leveraging these resources to study addiction. The authors of this review have joined together to form an Addiction working group within the framework of the ENIGMA project, a meta-analytic approach to multisite genetic imaging data. Collectively, the Addiction working group possesses neuroimaging and genomic data obtained from over 10,000 subjects. The deadline for contributing data to the first round of analyses occurred at the beginning of May 2015. The studies performed on this data should significantly impact our understanding of the genetic and neurobiological basis of addiction.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. Electronic address: msmackey@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Kees-Jan
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Bader
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaarani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alia-Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cousijn
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Ruiter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sylvane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desrivieres
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Feldstein Ewing
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rita Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goudriaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heitzeg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Chiang-Shan R
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Edythe D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: London
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorenzetti
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maartje
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luijten
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin-Santos
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Angelica M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pearlson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schluter
authors.affiliation: Section on Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging, Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Momenan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmaal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Rajita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Zsuzsika
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sjoerds
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Intramural Research Program-Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Elliot A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Solowij
authors.affiliation: Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uhlmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veltman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Holst
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yurgelun-Todd
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Derrek P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hibar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jahanshad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Glahn
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conrod
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D059906:Neuroimaging; D010641:Phenotype; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Addiction; ENIGMA; Genetic imaging; Neuroimaging
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