title: Infection with equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 causes no visible histopathological lesions in target organs in association with restricted viral replication and unique cytokine response.
abstract: The live equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 was developed by in vitro attenuation of a virulent strain, EIAVLN40, in the 1970s, and it has been demonstrated to induce protective immunity under laboratory and natural EIAV infection conditions. The detailed biological features of this attenuated virus remain to be further investigated. Experimental inoculation with EIAVDLV121 did not result in clinical symptoms even with immunosuppressive treatment in our previous studies. Here, we further investigated whether the replication of the vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 in experimentally infected horses causes histopathological lesions to develop in the targeted organs. Both the lungs and the spleen have been demonstrated to support EIAV replication. By evaluating the gross macroscopic and histological changes, we found that EIAVDLV121 did not cause detectable histopathological lesions and that it replicated several hundred times more slowly than its parental virulent strain, EIAVLN40, in tissues. Immunochemical assays of these tissues indicated that the primary target cells of EIAVDLV121 were monocytes/macrophages, but that EIAVLN40 also infected alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. In addition, both of these viral strains promoted the up- and down-regulation of the expression of various cytokines and chemokines, implicating the potential involvement of these cellular factors in the pathological outcomes of EIAV infection and host immune responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the EIAV vaccine strain does not cause obvious histopathological lesions or clinical symptoms and that it induces a unique cytokine response profile. These features are considered essential for EIAVDLV121 to function as an effective live vaccine.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jia
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Er
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Zhi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address: hexijun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Xi-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address: xjw@hvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Biovaccine Company, Harbin 150069, China. Electronic address: jianhua_uc@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004859:Equine Infectious Anemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006736:Horses; D004860:Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Cytokine expression; Equine infectious anemia virus; Horses; Macrophages; Pathological lesions
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