title: [Effect of aminophylline and simvastatin on airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the role of aminophylline and simvastatin in preventing and curing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the underlying mechanisms based on airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat model of COPD was established by combination of cigarette smoking with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 per group): a control group, a COPD group, an aminophylline group and a simvastatin group. The rats in the control group and the COPD group were treated with normal saline once a day via intragastric administration, while the rats in the aminophylline group and the simvastatin group were treated with aminophylline (5 g/L) and simvastatin (0.5 g/L) 1 mL/100 g once a day via intragastric administration, respectively. Pulmonary function and pathological changes in bronchus and lung were observed. The levels of IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in bronchi and lung tissues were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary function and the pathophysiologic changes in bronchi and lung tissues in the COPD rats were consistent with typical phenotype of COPD. Compared with the control group, lung function indexes were significantly attenuated in the COPD group, while the levels of IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in BALF as well as the mRNA and protein levels of MUC5AC and TLR4 were significantly increased. Compared with the COPD group, lung function indexes were significantly increased in the aminophylline group and simvastatin group (P<0.01), while pulmonary pathological damages, the levels of IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in BALF as well as the mRNA and protein levels of MUC5AC and TLR4 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the aminophylline group, the peak expiratory flow as well as the levels of IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in the simvastatin group were elevated (P<0.05). There are no significant difference in the mRNA and protein levels of MUC5AC and TLR4 between the 2 groups (P﹥0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aminophylline and simvastatin can decrease IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α levels in BALF and inhibit the expression of MUC5AC and TLR4 in airway and lung tissues in COPD rats, suggesting that they may have a preventive and therapeutic effect on COPD through reducing the airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Chundong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000628:Aminophylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D055271:Mucin 5AC / Q000378:metabolism; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C524680:Muc5ac protein, rat; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D012906:Smoke; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D000628:Aminophylline; D019821:Simvastatin