title: Dietary flavonoid intake, total antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidative damage: A cross-sectional study of Iranian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although strong evidence supports the antioxidant potential of flavonoids in vitro, the effect of flavonoids at physiological concentrations on the overall antioxidant status in humans is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectional associations between total flavonoid consumption, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in apparently healthy women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through a multistage cluster sampling, 170 women ages 20 to 48 y were recruited. The usual dietary flavonoid intake was estimated using a semiquantitive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by matching food items with the US Department of Agriculture flavonoid databases. General linear models were used to compare the biochemical parameters across tertiles of flavonoid intakes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As dietary anthocyanin intake rose from the lowest to the highest tertile, the multivariate-adjusted mean TAC concentrations significantly increased from 1.08 to 1.28 (Ptrend = 0.01). This association was still significant after adjustment for fruit and vegetable intake and antioxidant vitamins (Ptrend = 0.03). The highest tertile of total flavonoid intake and theaflavins had higher mean concentrations of TAC than did the lowest tertile, but there was no linear trend (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant positive relationships between dietary intake of grapes and eggplant as main food sources of anthocyanins and serum TAC (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). No significant associations were found between MDA and flavonoids intakes (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study support the attribution of anthocyanins to overall antioxidant status. However, further research is needed to confirm these observed associations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition Faculty, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Beitolah
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rashidkhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition Faculty, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: saraedalati@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edalati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D016014:Linear Models; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D044946:Biflavonoids; D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids; C056068:theaflavin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002392:Catechin
keywords: Dietary antioxidant; Flavonoids; Lipid oxidative damage; Total antioxidant capacity