title: Translation Microscopy (TRAM) for super-resolution imaging.
abstract: Super-resolution microscopy is transforming our understanding of biology but accessibility is limited by its technical complexity, high costs and the requirement for bespoke sample preparation. We present a novel, simple and multi-color super-resolution microscopy technique, called translation microscopy (TRAM), in which a super-resolution image is restored from multiple diffraction-limited resolution observations using a conventional microscope whilst translating the sample in the image plane. TRAM can be implemented using any microscope, delivering up to 7-fold resolution improvement. We compare TRAM with other super-resolution imaging modalities, including gated stimulated emission deletion (gSTED) microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We further developed novel 'ground-truth' DNA origami nano-structures to characterize TRAM, as well as applying it to a multi-color dye-stained cellular sample to demonstrate its fidelity, ease of use and utility for cell biology.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Rhodri S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuewei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: R Dun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Saleeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rickman
authors.affiliation: University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frame
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Rory R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.|Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D045663:Quantum Dots
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