title: Effects of fertilization on microbial abundance and emissions of greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) in rice paddy fields.
abstract: This study is to explore effects of nitrogen application and straw incorporation on abundance of relevant microbes and CH 4 and N2O fluxes in a midseason aerated rice paddy field. Fluxes of CH 4 and N2O were recorded, and abundance of relevant soil microbial functional genes was determined during rice-growing season in a 6-year-long fertilization experiment field in China. Results indicate that application of urea significantly changed the functional microbial composition, while the influence of straw incorporation was not significant. Application of urea significantly decreased the gene abundances of archaeal amoA and mcrA, but it significantly increased the gene abundances of bacterial amoA. CH 4 emission was significantly increased by fresh straw incorporation. Incorporation of burnt straw tended to increase CH 4 emission, while the urea application had no obvious effect on CH 4 emission. N2O emission was significantly increased by urea application, while fresh or burnt straw incorporation tended to decrease N2O emission. The functional microbial composition did not change significantly over time, although the abundances of pmoA, archaeal amoA, nirS, and nosZ genes changed significantly. The change of CH 4 emission showed an inverse trend with the one of the N2O emissions over time. To some extent, the abundance of some functional genes in this study can explain CH 4 and N2O emissions. However, the correlation between CH 4 and N2O emissions and the abundance of related functional genes was not significant. Environmental factors, such as soil Eh, may be more related to CH 4 and N2O emissions.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China.
authors.forename: Xianfang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science Jurong 212400 China.
authors.forename: Qinyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science Jurong 212400 China.
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science Jurong 212400 China.
authors.forename: Yiqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuang
keywords: CH4; N2O; amoA; mcrA; nirK; nirS; nosZ; pmoA
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