title: Influence of the Oxygen-inhibited Layer on Bonding Performance of Dental Adhesive Systems: Surface Free Energy Perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of the oxygen inhibited layer (OIL) on shear bond strength (SBS) to dentin and surface free energy (SFE) characteristics of different adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three adhesive systems were used: Scotchbond Multipurpose (SM), Clearfil SE Bond (CS), and Scotchbond Universal (SU). Resin composite was bonded to dentin surfaces to determine SBS with and without OIL of adhesives. The SFE, dispersion force (γSd), polarity force (γSp), and hydrogen bonding force (γSh) of cured adhesives with and without an OIL were measured. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test were used for analysis of SBS data, and one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used for the SFE and contact angle data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SBS of SM and CS showed no significant differences between specimens with and without the OIL. However, the SBS of SU with the OIL was significantly higher than without the OIL. The SFE, γSp, and γSh of cured adhesives with an OIL were significantly higher than those of cured adhesives without an OIL. The SFE, γSp, and γSh of SM and CS with an OIL were significantly higher than those of SU with an OIL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the presence of an OIL with a single-step self-etching adhesive promotes higher SBS to dentin, unlike in the other types of adhesive systems. The SFE characteristics of the OIL of dental adhesives differed depending on the type of adhesive system.
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000737:chemistry; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013500:Surface Tension; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D008689:Methacrylates; D009281:Naphthalenes; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C031721:naphthalene; C027946:methylene iodide; C041330:Scotchbond; D010100:Oxygen