title: Surface Modification of Intraocular Lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aimed to review the current literature on the surface modification of intraocular lenses (IOLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  All articles about surface modification of IOLs published up to 2015 were identified through a literature search on both PubMed and ScienceDirect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The articles on the surface modification of IOLs were included, but those on design modification and surface coating were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technology of surface modification included plasma, ion beam, layer-by-layer self-assembly, ultraviolet radiation, and ozone. The main molecules introduced into IOLs surface were poly (ethylene glycol), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, TiO 2 , heparin, F-heparin, titanium, titanium nitride, vinyl pyrrolidone, and inhibitors of cytokines. The surface modification either resulted in a more hydrophobic lens, a more hydrophilic lens, or a lens with a hydrophilic anterior and hydrophobic posterior surface. Advances in research regarding surface modification of IOLs had led to a better biocompatibility in both in vitro and animal experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surface modification is an efficient, convenient, economic and promising method to improve the biocompatibility of IOLs.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: George Pak-Man
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Kin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048; Department of Ophthalmilogy, Third Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Qin
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C070638:2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine; D010126:Ozone; D006493:Heparin
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