title: Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) water extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
abstract: Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a naturally decaffeinated tea plant. Previously we found that cocoa tea demonstrated a beneficial effect against high-fat diet induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of cocoa tea in vitro using preadipocytes 3T3-L1. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O stain, qPCR and Western blot. Our results demonstrated that cocoa tea significantly inhibited triglyceride accumulation in mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Cocoa tea was shown to suppress the expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP α). The tea extract was subsequently found to reduce the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes such as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid translocase (FAT) and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1). In addition, JNK, ERK and p38 phosphorylation were inhibited during cocoa tea inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, this is the first study that demonstrates cocoa tea has the capacity to suppress adipogenesis in pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 similar to traditional green tea.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Kai Kai
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Chuek Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Hoi Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Hing Lok
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Wing Sum
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Chuang Xing
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Ping Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Chun Hay
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D028244:Camellia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013662:Tea; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; D014867:Water; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 May 1;64(9):3344-9
references.pmid: 15126379
references.citation: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Jul-Aug;40(4):229-42
references.pmid: 16126487
references.citation: Toxicol In Vitro. 2013 Sep;27(6):1830-7
references.pmid: 23727198
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:783860
references.pmid: 23935682
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):847-53
references.pmid: 17167472
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jul 12;54(14):4977-81
references.pmid: 16819905
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Jan;52(1):53-61
references.pmid: 18081207
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Mar;27(6):2294-308
references.pmid: 17210639
references.citation: Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;54(2):151-7
references.pmid: 19390166
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Apr 14;95(8):4333-7
references.pmid: 9539737
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):446-53
references.pmid: 20089791
references.citation: Biofactors. 2008;34(4):293-302
references.pmid: 19850984
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996 Mar;20 Suppl 3:S91-6
references.pmid: 8680485
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2006 Oct;4(4):263-73
references.pmid: 17011499
references.citation: Food Chem. 2013 Nov 15;141(2):723-30
references.pmid: 23790840
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Dec;69(12):2455-8
references.pmid: 16377909
references.citation: J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Feb;29(1):31-40
references.pmid: 20595643
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Mar 9;59(5):1646-52
references.pmid: 21323331
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 3;51(25):7303-7
references.pmid: 14640575
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 May 8;382(3):549-54
references.pmid: 19289108
references.citation: Exp Anim. 2008 Oct;57(5):461-9
references.pmid: 18946183
references.citation: Chin Med. 2010 Apr 06;5:13
references.pmid: 20370896
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Feb 5;62(5):1198-208
references.pmid: 24400998
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 29;277(48):46226-32
references.pmid: 12270934
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Dec;7(12):885-96
references.pmid: 17139329
references.citation: Pharm Res. 2010 Jun;27(6):1128-37
references.pmid: 20224992
references.citation: J Food Sci. 2009 Apr;74(3):S135-41
references.pmid: 19397734
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2593-7
references.pmid: 2006196
references.citation: Cell Biol Int. 2012 Feb;36(2):147-53
references.pmid: 21902673
references.citation: Diabetes Metab Rev. 1989 Dec;5(8):665-89
references.pmid: 2693017
references.citation: Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Dec;18(6):1125-46
references.pmid: 15561643
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Nov 18;892:134-45
references.pmid: 10842659
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Apr;56(4):580-92
references.pmid: 22495985
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000 Apr;149(3):203-16
references.pmid: 10823400
references.citation: Diabetes. 2005 Feb;54(2):402-11
references.pmid: 15677498
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2004 Nov;68(11):2353-9
references.pmid: 15564676
references.citation: Food Funct. 2015 Jul;6(7):2365-74
references.pmid: 26085110
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Mar;29 Suppl 1:S13-6
references.pmid: 15711576
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Sep;40(9):1243-55
references.pmid: 12204388
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 1998 Jul;78(3):783-809
references.pmid: 9674695
references.citation: Life Sci. 2011 Nov 21;89(21-22):779-85
references.pmid: 21978785
references.citation: Trends Mol Med. 2002 Sep;8(9):442-7
references.pmid: 12223316
references.citation: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;51(3-4):319-25
references.pmid: 9010706
references.citation: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2008 Nov 6;294(1-2):61-9
references.pmid: 18790715
references.citation: J Dairy Sci. 2013 Jan;96(1):112-21
references.pmid: 23102957
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Sep;23(9):1051-7
references.pmid: 22018604
references.citation: Mol Cell. 1999 Feb;3(2):151-8
references.pmid: 10078198
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Sep 14;361(1):208-13
references.pmid: 17658475
references.citation: Planta Med. 2004 Mar;70(3):211-9
references.pmid: 15114497
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 2;55(9):3498-502
references.pmid: 17407319
references.citation: Anal Sci. 2002 Mar;18(3):313-8
references.pmid: 11918191
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Nov;15(11):2571-82
references.pmid: 18070748
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):807-15
references.pmid: 17549051
references.citation: Life Sci. 2008 May 7;82(19-20):1032-9
references.pmid: 18433793
references.citation: Diabetes. 2006 Feb;55(2):281-9
references.pmid: 16443758
references.citation: Lipids. 2008 May;43(5):419-29
references.pmid: 18365267
references.citation: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Apr 29;318(1-2):10-4
references.pmid: 19733624
references.citation: Diabetes Metab. 2007 Dec;33(6):405-13
references.pmid: 17981485
references.citation: Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 1999;71(3-4):479-500
references.pmid: 10354710
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Aug;28(8):941-55
references.pmid: 15254484
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jun 18;319(1):235-9
references.pmid: 15158467
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37913-20
references.pmid: 17028188
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Apr 6;404(6778):635-43
references.pmid: 10766250
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Dec 16;338(2):694-9
references.pmid: 16236247