title: Nutrition in Trauma and Critically Ill Patients.
abstract: Despite significant improvements in the practice of metabolic support of critically ill patients in recent years, malnutrition continues to be common among surgical patients, adding significantly to complications, infections, length of stay, costs, and increased mortality. Furthermore, hypercatabolism is the major metabolic response after major trauma and emergency surgery, making this patient population a unique subgroup of critically ill patients vulnerable to further decline in nutritional status. Many questions have already been answered, such as whether critically ill patients should be fed, when they should be fed, and how nutrients should be delivered. What is not entirely clear is what we should feed critically ill patients at different phases of specific diseases and disorders, as well as whether or not we should enhance and/or modulate patients' immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Bellal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wynne
authors.affiliation: Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dudrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. rlatifi@email.arizona.edu.|Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. rlatifi@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Rifat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latifi
keywords: Critically ill patients; Emergency surgery; Enteral nutrition; Nutrition support; Total parenteral nutrition; Trauma
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