title: Effectiveness and Comparison of Various Audio Distraction Aids in Management of Anxious Dental Paediatric Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental anxiety is a widespread phenomenon and a concern for paediatric dentistry. The inability of children to deal with threatening dental stimuli often manifests as behaviour management problems. Nowadays, the use of non-aversive behaviour management techniques is more advocated, which are more acceptable to parents, patients and practitioners. Therefore, this present study was conducted to find out which audio aid was the most effective in the managing anxious children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of audio-distraction aids in reducing the anxiety of paediatric patients while undergoing various stressful and invasive dental procedures. The objectives were to ascertain whether audio distraction is an effective means of anxiety management and which type of audio aid is the most effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 150 children, aged between 6 to 12 years, randomly selected amongst the patients who came for their first dental check-up, were placed in five groups of 30 each. These groups were the control group, the instrumental music group, the musical nursery rhymes group, the movie songs group and the audio stories group. The control group was treated under normal set-up & audio group listened to various audio presentations during treatment. Each child had four visits. In each visit, after the procedures was completed, the anxiety levels of the children were measured by the Venham's Picture Test (VPT), Venham's Clinical Rating Scale (VCRS) and pulse rate measurement with the help of pulse oximeter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was seen between all the groups for the mean pulse rate, with an increase in subsequent visit. However, no significant difference was seen in the VPT & VCRS scores between all the groups. Audio aids in general reduced anxiety in comparison to the control group, and the most significant reduction in anxiety level was observed in the audio stories group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conclusion derived from the present study was that audio distraction was effective in reducing anxiety and audio-stories were the most effective.
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College , Lucknow, India .
authors.forename: Saumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navit
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College , Lucknow, India .
authors.forename: Nikita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johri
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College , Lucknow, India .
authors.forename: Suleman Abbas
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College , Lucknow, India .
authors.forename: Rahul Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College , Lucknow, India .
authors.forename: Dheera
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Chandra Dental College , Lucknow, India .
authors.forename: Pragati
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navit
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College , Lucknow, India .
authors.forename: Anshul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research , Bhilai, Chattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Rachana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahuguna
keywords: Dental anxiety; Venham’s clinical rating scale; Venham’s picture test
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