title: Ophthalmic Manifestations in Children With Congenital Hypothyroidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequencies of ophthalmic abnormalities in children with congenital hypothyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 121 patients with a history of congenital hypothyroidism, aged 1 to 216 months, were included in the study. The initial ophthalmological examinations and demographic data of patients who were examined between April 2013 and April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Accompanying systemic abnormalities were also noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ophthalmic pathology was determined in 40.4% (49 of 121) of patients with congenital hypothyroidism, of which 79.5% (39 of 49) had significant refractive errors and 32.6% (16 of 49) had strabismus. Systemic abnormalities were observed in 74.3% (90 of 121) of the children, among which 47.1% (57 of 121) were congenital heart defects and 38.0% (46 of 121) were neurologic abnormalities. A high prevalence of Down syndrome (17.3%; 21 of 121) and atopic dermatitis (8.2%; 10 of 121) was detected among patients with congenital hypothyroidism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to many associated systemic abnormalities, ophthalmic pathologies may also occur in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Thus, routine ophthalmological examination is recommended for these children, starting from the time of initial diagnosis.
authors.forename: Bengi Ece
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kurtul
authors.forename: Pinar Altiaylik
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Emrah Utku
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Kabatas
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürkan
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aycan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity