title: [Structural and Functional Studies on Photoactive Retinal Proteins: Light Becomes Drugs with Proteins].
abstract: Retinal proteins possess vitamin A aldehyde (retinal) as a chromophore within seven transmembrane α-helices. Visible light absorption of them triggers trans-cis photoisomerization of the retinal chromophore and induces structural changes in the protein moiety, resulting in a variety of biological functions such as vision, ion transportation, and photosensing. Environmental genomics revealed that retinal proteins are widely distributed through all three biological kingdoms, eukarya, bacteria, and archaea, indicating the biological significance of their light energy conversion. In addition to their biological aspect, retinal proteins have become a focus of interest in part because of applications for optogenetics. On the basis of our results and other findings, we highlight the recent progress in structural and functional studies on retinal proteins.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sudo
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D062308:Optogenetics; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D000072756:Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; D012160:Retina; D012172:Retinaldehyde
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D012172:Retinaldehyde