title: LLM-Domain Containing B-GATA Factors Control Different Aspects of Cytokinin-Regulated Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Leu-Leu-Met (LLM)-domain B-GATAs are a subfamily of the 30-membered GATA transcription factor family from Arabidopsis. Only two of the six Arabidopsis LLM-domain B-GATAs, i.e. GATA, NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, CARBON METABOLISM-INVOLVED (GNC) and its paralog GNC-LIKE/CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR1 (GNL), have already been analyzed with regard to their biological function. Together, GNC and GNL control germination, greening, flowering time, and senescence downstream from auxin, cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), and light signaling. Whereas overexpression and complementation analyses suggest a redundant biochemical function between GNC and GNL, nothing is known about the biological role of the four other LLM-domain B-GATAs, GATA15, GATA16, GATA17, and GATA17L (GATA17-LIKE), based on loss-of-function mutant phenotypes. Here, we examine insertion mutants of the six Arabidopsis B-GATA genes and reveal the role of these genes in the control of greening, hypocotyl elongation, phyllotaxy, floral organ initiation, accessory meristem formation, flowering time, and senescence. Several of these phenotypes had previously not been described for the gnc and gnl mutants or were enhanced in the more complex mutants when compared to gnc gnl mutants. Some of the respective responses may be mediated by CK signaling, which activates the expression of all six GATA genes. CK-induced gene expression is partially compromised in LLM-domain B-GATA mutants, suggesting that B-GATA genes play a role in CK responses. We furthermore provide evidence for a transcriptional cross regulation between these GATAs that may, in at least some cases, be at the basis of their apparent functional redundancy.
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354 Freising, Germany (Q.L.R., E.B., C.K., C.S.).
authors.forename: Quirin L
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Ranftl
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354 Freising, Germany (Q.L.R., E.B., C.K., C.S.).
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bastakis
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354 Freising, Germany (Q.L.R., E.B., C.K., C.S.).
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klermund
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354 Freising, Germany (Q.L.R., E.B., C.K., C.S.) claus.schwechheimer@wzw.tum.de.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0269-2330
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwechheimer
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D035264:Flowers / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018546:Hypocotyl / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D017440:Photoperiod; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D000072417:Protein Domains
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2008 Dec 9;18(23):1815-23
references.pmid: 19062289
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2013 Aug;162(4):1992-2004
references.pmid: 23739688
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2011 Oct;43(10):1035-9
references.pmid: 21873998
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 6;111(18):6840-5
references.pmid: 24753595
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2013 May;162(1):272-94
references.pmid: 23524861
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2012 Sep;160(1):332-48
references.pmid: 22811435
references.citation: Plant Methods. 2011 May 09;7:11
references.pmid: 21554688
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2004 Oct;16(10):2586-600
references.pmid: 15367721
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2010 Sep 15;24(18):2093-104
references.pmid: 20844019
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2010 Mar;22(3):565-78
references.pmid: 20305121
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2012 Mar;24(3):1081-95
references.pmid: 22415275
references.citation: Nature. 2014 Jan 16;505(7483):417-21
references.pmid: 24336201
references.citation: Development. 2013 Apr;140(7):1373-83
references.pmid: 23482484
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2012;63:353-80
references.pmid: 22554243
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Jun;71(6):1557-60
references.pmid: 17587690
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2008 Jun;147(2):707-18
references.pmid: 18417639
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2014 Sep;166(1):293-305
references.pmid: 25077795
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2010 Oct 12;20(19):1697-706
references.pmid: 20888232
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1994 Apr;104(4):1139-1149
references.pmid: 12232154
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 6;110(32):13192-7
references.pmid: 23878229
references.citation: Plant J. 2005 Nov;44(4):680-92
references.pmid: 16262716
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1985 Feb;77(2):483-5
references.pmid: 16664080
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2008 Mar 1;24(5):713-4
references.pmid: 18227114
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2001 Nov;127(3):876-86
references.pmid: 11706170
references.citation: J Plant Physiol. 2011 Aug 15;168(12):1320-7
references.pmid: 21453984
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;134(4):1718-32
references.pmid: 15084732
references.citation: Development. 1999 May;126(10):2073-82
references.pmid: 10207133
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2010 Jul 20;19(1):103-13
references.pmid: 20643354
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1995 Aug;108(4):1423-1430
references.pmid: 12228552
references.citation: Genetics. 2012 Apr;190(4):1563-74
references.pmid: 22308264
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2014 Jan;26(1):56-78
references.pmid: 24481072
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2013 Jan;25(1):83-101
references.pmid: 23335616
references.citation: Front Plant Sci. 2015 Feb 23;6:90
references.pmid: 25755661
references.citation: Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):85-9
references.pmid: 20360106