title: Temporal Trends and Predictors of Modern Contraceptive Use in Lusaka, Zambia, 2004-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although increasing access to family planning has been an important part of the global development agenda, millions of women continue to face unmet need for contraception.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a repeated cross-sectional community survey conducted in Lusaka, Zambia, over an eight-year period. We described prevalence of modern contraceptive use, including long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), among female heads of household aged 16-50 years. We also identified predictors of LARC versus short-term contraceptive use among women using modern methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve survey rounds were completed between November 2004 and September 2011. Among 29,476 eligible respondents, 17,605 (60%) reported using modern contraception. Oral contraceptive pills remained the most popular method over time, but use of LARC increased significantly, from less than 1% in 2004 to 9% by 2011 (p < 0.001). Younger women (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.61) and women with lower levels of education (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.89) were less likely to report LARC use compared to women using short-term modern methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Population-based assessments of contraceptive use over time can guide programs and policies. To achieve reproductive health equity and reduce unmet contraceptive need, future efforts to increase LARC use should focus on young women and those with less education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3009 Old Clinic Building, Campus Box 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7570, USA; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, 5032 Great North Road, P.O. Box 34681, 10101 Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3009 Old Clinic Building, Campus Box 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7570, USA; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, 5032 Great North Road, P.O. Box 34681, 10101 Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Carla J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chibwesha
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB No. 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA.
authors.forename: Marie C D
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Bellington
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vwalika
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E7HT, UK.
authors.forename: Sujit D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3009 Old Clinic Building, Campus Box 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7570, USA; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, 5032 Great North Road, P.O. Box 34681, 10101 Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Margaret Phiri
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kasaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3009 Old Clinic Building, Campus Box 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7570, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3009 Old Clinic Building, Campus Box 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7570, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3009 Old Clinic Building, Campus Box 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7570, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D015024:Zambia
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