title: Impact of chemical peeling combined with negative pressure on human skin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vivo changes in skin barrier function after chemical peeling with alpha hydroxyacids (AHAs) have been previously reported. However, the additional effects of physical treatment with chemical agents on skin barrier function have not been adequately studied. This study measured the degree of acute skin damage and the time required for skin barrier repair using non-invasive bioengineering methods in vivo with human skin to investigate the additional effect of a 4% AHA chemical jet accelerated at supersonic velocities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen female subjects (average age: 29.54 ± 4.86 years) participated in this study. The faces of the subjects were divided into half according to the block randomization design and were then assigned to receive AHA peeling alone or AHA peeling combined with pneumatic pressure on each side of the face. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin colour and skin blood flow were evaluated at baseline and at 30 min, 2, 5 and 7 days after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TEWL and skin blood flow were significantly increased after 30 min in chemodermabrasion compared with chemical peeling alone (P < 0.05). The TEWL and skin blood flow recovered to baseline after 2 days, and TEWL was significantly decreased at 7 days compared with chemical peeling alone (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemodermabrasion can temporarily impair skin barriers, but it is estimated that it can enhance the skin barrier function after 7 days compared to the use of a chemical agent alone. In addition, chemodermabrasion has a more effective impact in the dermis and relatively preserves the skin barrier.
authors.affiliation: Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD., Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-9410
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul, 130-702, Korea.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul, 130-702, Korea. haddal@hanmail.net, dermapro@dermapro.co.kr.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul, 130-702, Korea.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD., Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD., Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Arumdaun Nara Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: chemical peeling; chemodermabrasion; microdermabrasion; skin barrier; skin damage