title: Facial Fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of some of the changes in aspects of facial fracture management. 2. Assess a patient presenting with facial fractures. 3. Understand indications and timing of surgery. 4. Recognize exposures of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. 5. Identify methods for repair of typical facial fracture patterns. 6. Discuss the common complications seen with facial fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Restoration of the facial skeleton and associated soft tissues after trauma involves accurate clinical and radiologic assessment to effectively plan a management approach for these injuries. When surgical intervention is necessary, timing, exposure, sequencing, and execution of repair are all integral to achieving the best long-term outcomes for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Toronto and London, Ontario, Canada From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto; and the London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.forename: Hameet S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fialkov
authors.forename: Damir B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Matic
authors.forename: Oleh M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Antonyshyn
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*
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