title: Cardiovascular Disease and Myocardial Abnormalities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many developed countries, affecting an estimated 30 % of the adult population. In this updated clinical review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the strong association between NAFLD and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other functional, structural, and arrhythmic cardiac complications (e.g., left ventricular dysfunction, heart valve diseases and atrial fibrillation). We also briefly discuss the putative biological mechanisms linking NAFLD with these important extra-hepatic complications. To date, a large body of evidence has suggested that NAFLD is not simply a marker of CHD and other functional, structural, and arrhythmic cardiac complications, but also may play a part in the development and progression of these cardiac complications. The clinical implication of these findings is that patients with NAFLD may benefit from more intensive surveillance and early treatment interventions aimed at decreasing the risk of CHD and other cardiac and arrhythmic complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale Stefani, 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Pavullo Hospital, Azienda USL of Modena, Pavullo, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ballestri
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Liver Clinic and Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, NOCSAE, Baggiovara, Azienda USL, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lonardo
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale Stefani, 1, 37126, Verona, Italy. giovanni.targher@univr.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Cardiac arrhythmias; Cardiac disease; Cardiovascular disease; Heart valve diseases; Myocardial dysfunction; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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