title: Electrophysiology for addiction medicine: From methodology to conceptualization of reward deficits.
abstract: In the past decade, electroencephalographic research on addiction has employed passive viewing, oddball, inhibition, prediction, gambling, and reversal learning tasks to study how substance users neurally prioritize drug-related rewards at the expense of nondrug rewards. On the whole, findings across substances (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, nicotine, opiates, gambling, and gaming) demonstrate impairments in the differentiation of monetary incentives and the inhibition of prepotent responses. Furthermore, exaggerated resources devoted to drug cues and attenuated processing of other types of pleasant emotional stimuli predict greater probability of future drug use. However, drug use recency, frequency, sensitivity, and insight all appear to be moderators of these effects. We argue that more longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the time course of reward processing as a function of development and chronicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jennifer.stewart@qc.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: April C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003210:Concept Formation / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy
keywords: Alcohol; Cannabis; Cocaine; Cue reactivity; Electroencephalography; Event-related potentials; Gambling; Gaming; Nicotine; Opiates; Reward; Substance use disorder