title: Role of MICA expression, anti-MICA antibodies and serum MICA during acute rejection in a rat-to-mouse cardiac transplantation model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene A (MICA) is reportedly associated with poor transplant outcomes and a high risk of acute and chronic rejection in solid organ transplantation. However, studies on these risks have found conflicting results. In the present study, we investigate the MICA expression and serum MICA (sMICA) as well as the MICA antibodies (anti-MICA) in serum of recipients during acute rejection (AR) in a rat-to-mouse cardiac transplantation model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Construct rat-to-mouse concordant cardiac transplantation models, histological examination of the heart in recipients during AR at 2-6 hours time point was done. We then studied the MICA gene expression of the heart in recipients during AR at 2-6 hours time point by western blot and RT-PCR assay. We latter studied the anti-MICA and sMICA levels in serum of recipients during AR at 2-6 hours time point by Flow cytometry and ELISA measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that Lewis rat hearts transplanted into BALB/c mice developed typical AR in 6 days. The level of severity of xenograft rejection from 2 d to 6 d was increased in a time-dependant way. MICA protein and MICA mRNA was also increased in time-dependant way and reached the highest value at 6 h. The prevalence of anti-MICA was significantly higher among those with severe acute rejection. However, sMICA was significantly increased during AR at 2 hours, then gradually decreased, and reached the lowest value at 6 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MICA expression in recipients' heart and anti-MICA antibodies in recipients' sera may associated with high risk of AR in rat-to-mouse transplantation. sMICA showed a negative association with acute rejection and may be a good predictor of heart transplant outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Renbin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Shunyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Hengjuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D064593:Heterografts; D006648:Histocompatibility; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007518:Isoantibodies; C099187:MHC class I-related chain A
keywords: Cardiac xenograft; MICA; anti-MICA; heart acute rejection; sMICA
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