title: Nicotine may affect the secretion of adipokines leptin, resistin, and visfatin through activation of KATP channel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been confirmed that adipokines are associated with atherosclerosis. Cigarette smoking was found to possibly influence adipokine secretion. However, the precise role of smoking in adipokine secretion and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether nicotine, the principal active ingredient of cigarettes, can influence adipokine secretion and its potential mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study consecutively enrolled 96 men, including 50 smokers with early atherosclerosis and 46 nonsmokers. Serum adipokines, including leptin, resistin, and visfatin, were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all participants. Furthermore, the effect of nicotine on secretion of these adipokines was examined in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes under the conditions of ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channel blocked or unblocked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, serum levels of leptin, resistin, and visfatin in smokers were significantly higher. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, nicotine treatment significantly increased the levels of these adipokines (P = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.029, respectively). When the KATP channel was blocked, secretion of resistin and visfatin was reduced (P < 0.001), but no change was found in the leptin secretion (P = 0.522).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicotine may affect the secretion of adipokines leptin, resistin, and visfatin through activation of KATP channel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Electronic address: Doc_fanlihong@126.com.
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bing
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Fen-Ling
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Qun
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D054086:KATP Channels; D020738:Leptin; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D052243:Resistin; D009538:Nicotine; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
keywords: Adipocytes; Adipokines; KATP channel; Smoking