title: Barriers, Benefits, and Behaviors Related to Breakfast Consumption Among Rural Adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to determine if perceived barriers, benefits, and modifiable behaviors support or interfere with breakfast consumption in a racially and economically diverse rural high school population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 832 Minnesota adolescents from 16 rural high schools. We used baseline data from a group randomized trial aimed at increasing school breakfast participation through policy and environmental-level school changes. Students completed an online survey asking about demographics, breakfast eating behaviors, and the barriers and benefits of eating as it relates to school performance. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, accounting for clustering by school, was performed using SAS. Each scale was modeled independently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were 9th and 10th grade students, 36% free/reduced-price lunch (FRL), 30% non-White, and 55% female. Breakfast skippers compared to nonbreakfast skippers reported fewer school related benefits and beliefs and more barriers to eating breakfast (p < .01). Adjusted models revealed students reported more positive beliefs (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.73-0.83), more benefits (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.97) and fewer barriers (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.82-0.87) and were less likely to skip breakfast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future intervention research should focus on alleviating barriers and enhancing education around the school related benefits of eating breakfast.
authors.affiliation: St. Catherine University, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, 2004 Randolph Ave., St. Paul, MN 55105. mohearst@stkate.edu.
authors.forename: Mary O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hearst
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Program in Health Disparities Research, 717 Delaware Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55454. shanafel@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shanafelt
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, 717 Delaware Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55454. wangx890@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics, 717 Delaware Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55454. robertl@ccbr.umn.edu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leduc
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Program in Health Disparities Research, 717 Delaware Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55454. msnanney@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Marilyn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nanney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D062408:Breakfast / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D012424:Rural Population; D012574:Schools / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: adolescent; barriers; rural; school breakfast
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