title: New advances in electrochemical biosensors for the detection of toxins: Nanomaterials, magnetic beads and microfluidics systems. A review.
abstract: The use of nanotechnology in bioanalytical devices has special advantages in the detection of toxins of interest in food safety and environmental applications. The low levels to be detected and the small size of toxins justify the increasing number of publications dealing with electrochemical biosensors, due to their high sensitivity and design versatility. The incorporation of nanomaterials in their development has been exploited to further increase their sensitivity, providing simple and fast devices, with multiplexed capabilities. This paper gives an overview of the electrochemical biosensors that have incorporated carbon and metal nanomaterials in their configurations for the detection of toxins. Biosensing systems based on magnetic beads or integrated into microfluidics systems have also been considered because of their contribution to the development of compact analytical devices. The roles of these materials, the methods used for their incorporation in the biosensor configurations as well as the advantages they provide to the analyses are summarised.
authors.affiliation: IRTA, Carretera Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reverté
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prieto-Simón
authors.affiliation: IRTA, Carretera Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: monica.campas@irta.cat.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campàs
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008280:Magnetics; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D049329:Nanostructures; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological
keywords: Electrochemical biosensor; Magnetic bead; Microfluidics system; Nanomaterial; Toxin