title: Visuoperceptual sequelae in children with hemophilia and intracranial hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this study was to examine the impact of focal brain injuries on the outcomes of visual perception and visuospatial abilities in Mexican children with hemophilia who have experienced intracranial hemorrhages.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed ten boys who had hemophilia with intracranial hemorrhage (HIC), six boys who had hemophilia without intracranial hemorrhage (HH), and ten boys without hemophilia (CTL). The Verbal (VIQ), Performance IQs (PIQ), and Full Scale IQs (FSIQ) from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Mexican Revision, Visual Perception, and Visuospatial Abilities domains, which are from a neuropsychological assessment battery for Spanish-speaking children (ENI), were employed for our analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the HIC group performed in the low-average range on the PIQ and FSIQ, which was lower than the HH group. The HIC group showed low performance on visual perception tests, such as line orientation, fragmented objects, and overlapping figures, compared with their matched controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that it is not the ability to recognize objects that is impaired in the HIC group, but the ability to identify objects under less favorable conditions. Our findings may have therapeutic and rehabilitative implications for the management of children with hemophilia and early focal brain lesions.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, CSPP-Alliant International University, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 2 Neuroscience Institute, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México ; 3 UMAE Hospital de Pediatria CMNO, Medical Research Division, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, CSPP-Alliant International University, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 2 Neuroscience Institute, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México ; 3 UMAE Hospital de Pediatria CMNO, Medical Research Division, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matute
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, CSPP-Alliant International University, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 2 Neuroscience Institute, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México ; 3 UMAE Hospital de Pediatria CMNO, Medical Research Division, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Erin T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, CSPP-Alliant International University, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 2 Neuroscience Institute, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México ; 3 UMAE Hospital de Pediatria CMNO, Medical Research Division, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, CSPP-Alliant International University, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 2 Neuroscience Institute, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México ; 3 UMAE Hospital de Pediatria CMNO, Medical Research Division, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tlacuilo-Parra
keywords: Children; hemophilia; intracranial hemorrhage; visual perception; visuospatial abilities
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