title: Kinin receptors in skin wound healing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that includes 3 different phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Kinins are vasoactive peptides released after tissue injury, and are directly involved in the development and maintenance of inflammatory processes, and their actions are mediated by the activation of receptors called B1 and B2.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the involvement of kinin receptors in the skin healing process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knockout mice for kinin receptors (KOB1, KOB2 and KOB1B2) and wild type controls (WT) were subjected to a skin excision model, and tissue repair process was evaluated during different phases of wound healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In knockout animals for kinin receptors differences were observed in the resolution period of injury exceeding 17 days for the total closure of wounds. The absence of kinin receptors promotes a significant reduction in infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells on day 2 of the inflammatory phase. Already at the late stage of this phase (3 days) there was a negative influence on the infiltration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells at the site of injury in comparison to WT. Collagen was significantly diminished in tissue of KOB1, KOB2 and KOB1B2 from day two to the end of the healing process. Moreover, wound tissue from KOB2 and KOB1B2, but not KOB1, presented impaired parameters of re-epitheliazation, reduced proliferation of cells (PCNA immunostaining), and a lower number of myofibroblasts (α-SMA immunostaining).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data reveal the involvement of kinin receptors in processes of skin repair. Both kinin receptors participate especially during the inflammatory phase, while B2 receptors seem to be more relevant in the quality of the wound scar. Thus, a better understanding of the contribution of kinins to skin wound healing may reveal novel options for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna da Silva
authors.initials: Bda S
authors.lastname: Soley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Leite Tavares de
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Bosco
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pesquero
authors.affiliation: Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michel Fleith
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Otuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: cabrini@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Daniela Almeida
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cabrini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007705:Kinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D007705:Kinins; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Kinin B(1) receptors; Kinin B(2) receptors; Kinins; Skin; Wound Healing