title: The Effect of Rosuvastatin on Markers of Immune Activation in Treatment-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Patients.
abstract: Background.  Immune activation has been implicated in the excess mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, due to cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. Statins may modulate this immune activation. We assessed the capacity of rosuvastatin to mitigate immune activation in treatment-naive HIV-infected patients. Methods.  In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, we explored the effects of 8 weeks of rosuvastatin 20 mg in treatment-naive male HIV-infected patients (n = 28) on immune activation markers: neopterin, soluble Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, sTLR4, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1Ra, IL-18, d-dimer, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and CD38 and/or human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on T cells. Baseline data were compared with healthy male controls (n = 10). Furthermore, the effects of rosuvastatin on HIV-1 RNA, CD4/CD8 T-cell count, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were examined and side effects were registered. Results.  T-cell activation levels were higher in patients than in controls. Patients had higher levels of circulating IL-18, sTLR2, and neopterin (all P < .01). Twenty patients completed the study. Rosuvastatin increased the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio (P = .02). No effect on other markers was found. Conclusions.  Patients infected with HIV had higher levels of circulating neopterin, IL-18, sTLR2, and T-cell activation markers. Rosuvastatin had a small but significant positive effect on CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, but no influence on other markers of T-cell activation and innate immunity was identified (The Netherlands National Trial Register [NTR] NTR 2349, http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/index.asp).
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Robyn G M
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Weijma
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Eric R A
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen.
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ten Oever
authors.affiliation: Departments of Haematology and Clinical Chemistry.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Schilfgaarde
authors.affiliation: Teaching Hospital, Onze Lieve , Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lea M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dijksman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Der Ven
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Guido E L
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Van Den Berk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brinkman
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Jos P H J
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Frissen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Haematology and Clinical Chemistry.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leyte
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Ineke W E M
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen.
authors.forename: Mihai G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Netea
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Willem L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Blok
keywords: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors; HIV-1; immune activation; statin
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