title: Impacts of daily intakes on the isomeric profiles of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human serum.
abstract: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been well studied in human daily intake for assessment of potential health risks. However, little is known about the isomeric compositions of PFASs in daily intake and their impacts on isomeric profiles in humans. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of PFASs with isomeric analysis in various human exposure matrices including foodstuffs, tap water and indoor dust. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and/or perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were predominant in these exposure matrices collected in Tianjin, China. In fish and meat, linear (n-) PFOA was enriched with a percentage of 92.2% and 99.6%, respectively. Although n-PFOS was higher in fish (84.8%) than in technical PFOS (ca. 70%), it was much lower in meat (63.1%) and vegetables (58.5%). Dietary intake contributed >99% of the estimated daily intake (EDI) for the general population. The isomeric profiles of PFOA and PFOS in human serum were predicted based on the EDI and a one-compartment, first-order pharmacokinetic model. The isomeric percentage of n-PFOA in the EDI (98.6%) was similar to that in human serum (predicted: 98.2%, previously measured: 99.7%) of Tianjin residents. The results suggest direct PFOA intake plays an important role in its isomeric compositions in humans. For PFOS, the predicted n-PFOS (69.3%) was much higher than the previously measured values (59.2%) in human serum. This implies that other factors, such as indirect exposure to PFOS precursors and multiple excretion pathways, may contribute to the lower percentage of n-PFOS in humans than of technical PFOS.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Lianqiu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiannian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D060766:Drinking Water; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: Foodstuffs; Human exposure; Isomers; PFOA; PFOS