title: Determination of factors responsible for the bioweathering of copper minerals from organic-rich copper-bearing Kupferschiefer black shale.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the bioweathering of copper minerals present in the alkaline, copper-bearing and organic-rich Kupferschiefer black shale through the action of a consortium of indigenous lithobiontic, heterotrophic, neutrophilic bacteria isolated from this sedimentary rock. The involvement of microorganisms in the direct/enzymatic bioweathering of fossil organic matter of the rock was confirmed. As a result of bacterial activity, a spectrum of various organic compounds such as urea and phosphoric acid tributyl ester were released from the rock. These compounds indirectly act on the copper minerals occurring in the rock and cause them to weather. This process was reflected in the mobilization of copper, iron and sulfur and in changes in the appearance of copper minerals observed under reflected light. The potential role of identified enzymes in biodegradation of fossil organic matter and role of organic compounds released from black shale as a result of this process in copper minerals weathering was discussed. The presented results provide a new insight into the role of chemical compounds released by bacteria during fossil organic matter bioweathering potentially important in the cycling of copper and iron deposited in the sedimentary rock. The originality of the described phenomenon lies in the fact that the bioweathering of fossil organic matter and, consequently, of copper minerals occur simultaneously in the same environment, without any additional sources of energy, electrons and carbon.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Włodarczyk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szymańska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skłodowska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: rmatlakowska@biol.uw.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matlakowska
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000254:growth & development; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005580:Fossils / Q000382:microbiology; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D008835:Micrococcaceae / Q000254:growth & development; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D011044:Poland; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000254:growth & development; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron
keywords: Bioweathering; Black shale; Copper minerals; Dehydrogenase; Fossil organic matter