title: Histatin-1 Expression in Human Lacrimal Epithelium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Study of human lacrimal cell biology is limited by poor access to tissue samples, heterogeneous cell composition of tissue and a lack of established lacrimal epithelial markers. In order to further our understanding of lacrimal cell biology, we sought to find a better marker for human lacrimal epithelial cells, compared to what has been reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized human Muller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) specimens containing accessory lacrimal gland (ALG) and cadaveric main lacrimal gland (MLG) as sources of lacrimal tissue. Candidate markers were sought using human ALG tissue from MMCR specimens, isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM). Affymetrix® analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from FFPE samples to profile transcription in ALG. MMCR tissue sections were assessed by immunofluorescence using antibodies for histatin-1, lactoferrin, E-cadherin (E-cad) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to analyze the expression of histatin-1, E-cad and lactoferrin from cadaveric MLG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histatin-1 is expressed in ALG and MLG, localizes to lacrimal epithelium, and to a greater degree than do other putative lacrimal epithelial markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histatin-1 is a good marker for human lacrimal epithelium in ALG and MLG and can be used to identify lacrimal cells in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dhara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pasha
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Assraa Jassim
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jaboori
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sarmad H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jassim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Vinay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Aakalu
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005557:Formaldehyde; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D054808:Histatins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061346:Laser Capture Microdissection; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D015415:Biomarkers; D015820:Cadherins; D054808:Histatins; C490098:LTF protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C068074:HTN1 protein, human; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007781:Lactoferrin
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