title: "Eat me" imaging and therapy.
abstract: Clearance of apoptotic debris is a vital role of the innate immune system. Drawing upon principles of apoptotic clearance, convenient delivery vehicles including intrinsic anti-inflammatory characteristics and specificity to immune cells can be engineered to aid in drug delivery. In this article, we examine the use of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), the well-known "eat-me" signal, in nanoparticle-based therapeutics making them highly desirable "meals" for phagocytic immune cells. Use of PtdSer facilitates engulfment of nanoparticles allowing for imaging and therapy in various pathologies and may result in immunomodulation. Furthermore, we discuss the targeting of the macrophages and other cells at sites of inflammation in disease. A thorough understanding of the immunobiology of "eat-me" signals is requisite for the successful application of "eat-me"-bearing materials in biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Vaishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagalkot
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Deiuliis
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States. Electronic address: amaiseyeu@medicine.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maiseyeu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010718:Phosphatidylserines
keywords: Drug delivery; Imaging; Immune response; Leukocytes; Liposomes; Phagocytes; Phosphatidylserine
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