title: Effects of air abrasion with alumina or glass beads on surface characteristics of CAD/CAM composite materials and the bond strength of resin cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to evaluate effects of air abrasion with alumina or glass beads on bond strengths of resin cements to CAD/CAM composite materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAD/CAM composite block materials [Cerasmart (CS) and Block HC (BHC)] were pretreated as follows: (a) no treatment (None), (b) application of a ceramic primer (CP), (c) alumina-blasting at 0.2 MPa (AB), (d) AB followed by CP (AB+CP), and (e) glass-beads blasting at 0.4 MPa (GBB) followed by CP (GBB+CP). The composite specimens were bonded to resin composite disks using resin cements [G-CEM Cerasmart (GCCS) and ResiCem (RC)]. The bond strengths after 24 h (TC 0) and after thermal cycling (TC 10,000 at 4-60°C) were measured by shear tests. Three-way ANOVA and the Tukey compromise post hoc tests were used to analyze statistically significant differences between groups (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both CAD/CAM composite materials, the None group exhibited a significant decrease in bond strength after TC 10,000 (p<0.05). AB showed significantly higher bond strength after TC 10,000 than the None group, while CP did not (p<0.05). GBB exhibited smaller surface defects than did AB; however, their surface roughnesses were not significantly different (p>0.05). The AB+CP group showed a significantly higher bond strength after TC 10,000 than did the AB group for RC (p<0.05), but not for GCCS. The GBB+CP group showed the highest bond strength for both thermal cyclings (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Air abrasion with glass beads was more effective in increasing bond durability between the resin cements and CAD/CAM composite materials than was using an alumina powder and a CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Arao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nobuaki
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshida
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Keiichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Sawase
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashi
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
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