title: Protopanaxatirol type ginsenoside Re promotes cyclic growth of hair follicles via inhibiting transforming growth factor β signaling cascades.
abstract: Ginsenosides, the major bio-active ingredients included in Panax ginseng, have been known for the hair growth activity and used to treat patients who suffer from hair loss; however, the detailed mechanisms of this action are still largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for hair growth promoting effect of ginsenoside Re (GRe) in vitro and in vivo. Different doses of minoxidil and GRe were administered topically to the back regions of nude mice for up to 45 days, and hair shaft length and hair cycles were determined for hair promoting activities. Topical treatment of GRe significantly increased the hair shaft length and hair existent time, which was comparable to the action of minoxidil. We also demonstrated that GRe stimulated hair shaft elongation in the ex vivo cultures of vibrissa hair follicles isolated from C57BL/6 mouse. Systemic transcriptome analysis by next generation sequencing demonstrated that TGF-β-pathway related genes were selectively down-regulated by treatment of GRe in vivo, and the same treatment suppressed TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of ERK in HeLa cells. The results clearly indicated that GRe is the effective constituent in the ginseng on hair promotion via selective inhibition of the hair growth phase transition related signaling pathways, TGF-β signaling cascades.
authors.affiliation: Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: KI for Biocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Cellex Life Sciences Inc., Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ryus@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Cellex Life Sciences Inc., Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungsul
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungsun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Biocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sunchang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: KI for Biocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Cellex Life Sciences Inc., Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cchoi@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chulhee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497791:Smad3 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014315:Triterpenes; C576739:protopanaxtriol
keywords: ERK; Ginsenoside Re; Hair growth; Minoxidil; SMAD; TGF-β