title: The Effects of Acute Dopamine Precursor Depletion on the Reinforcing Value of Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa.
abstract: This study investigated whether dopaminergic systems are involved in the motivation to engage in behaviours associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), specifically, the drive to exercise. Women recovered from AN (AN REC, n = 17) and healthy controls (HC, n = 15) were recruited. The acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD) method was used to transiently decrease dopamine synthesis and transmission. The effect of dopamine precursor depletion on drive to exercise was measured using a progressive ratio (PR) exercise breakpoint task. Both groups worked for the opportunity to exercise, and, at baseline, PR breakpoint scores were higher in AN REC than HC. Compared to values on the experimental control session, APTD did not decrease PR breakpoint scores in AN REC, but significantly decreased scores in HC. These data show that women recovered from AN are more motivated to exercise than HC, although in both groups, activity is more reinforcing than inactivity. Importantly, decreasing dopamine does not reduce the motivation to exercise in people recovered from AN, but in contrast, does so in HC. It is proposed that in AN, drive to exercise develops into a behaviour that is largely independent of dopamine mediated reward processes and becomes dependent on cortico-striatal neurocircuitry that regulates automated, habit- or compulsive-like behaviours. These data strengthen the case for the involvement of reward, learning, habit, and dopaminergic systems in the aetiology of AN.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Caitlin B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keyes
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Renwick
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leyton
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Iain C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003289:Convalescence; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004298:Dopamine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D004328:Drive; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D012201:Reward; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D004298:Dopamine
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