title: State-related differences in the level of psychomotor activity in patients with bipolar disorder - Continuous heart rate and movement monitoring.
abstract: Measuring changes in psychomotor activity is a potential tool in the monitoring of the course of affective states in bipolar disorder. Previous studies have been cross-sectional and only some have used objective measures. The aim was to investigate state-related differences in objectively-measured psychomotor activity in bipolar disorder. During a 12 weeks study, repeated measurements of heart rate and movement monitoring over several days were collected during different affective states from 19 outpatients with bipolar disorder. Outcomes included activity energy expenditure (AEE) and trunk acceleration (ACC). Symptoms were clinically assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Compared to patients in a euthymic state, patients in a manic state had significantly higher AEE. Compared to patients in a depressive state, patients in a manic state had significantly higher ACC and AEE. There was a significant diurnal variation in ACC and AEE between affective states. Finally, there was a significant correlation between the severity of manic symptoms and ACC and AEE, respectively. This first study measuring psychomotor activity during different affective states using a combined heart rate and movement sensor supports that psychomotor activity is a core symptom in bipolar disorder that is altered during affective states.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Electronic address: maria@faurholt-jepsen.dk.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faurholt-Jepsen
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinberg
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars Vedel
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Kessing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affective state; Bipolar disorder; Combined heart rate and movement sensor; Diurnal variation; Intra-individual variation; Psychomotor activity
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;199(4):303-9
references.pmid: 21508436
references.citation: Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1967 Dec;6(4):278-96
references.pmid: 6080235
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2000 Sep;59(3):217-24
references.pmid: 10854638
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Jan;154(1):4-17
references.pmid: 8988952
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2010 Jan;120(1-3):200-6
references.pmid: 19435640
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2011 Feb;40(1):112-20
references.pmid: 20529884
references.citation: Psychopathology. 1992;25(2):109-16
references.pmid: 1502292
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2009 Apr 30;166(2-3):201-9
references.pmid: 19278733
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Mar;62(3):212-6; quiz 217
references.pmid: 11305713
references.citation: Bipolar Disord. 2008 Mar;10(2):256-65
references.pmid: 18271904
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1975 Sep;132(9):928-31
references.pmid: 168789
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Feb;166(2):173-81
references.pmid: 19122008
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974 Jun;30(6):765-8
references.pmid: 4832184
references.citation: J Nutr. 2006 Apr;136(4):1037-42
references.pmid: 16549471
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Aug;103(2):682-92
references.pmid: 17463305
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1978 Nov;133:429-35
references.pmid: 728692
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1975 Apr;126:329-35
references.pmid: 1148566
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Jun;178(Suppl 41):S107-19
references.pmid: 11388949
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000 Aug;26(4):363-7
references.pmid: 10994804
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2012 Dec 10;141(2-3):457-63
references.pmid: 22391514
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2005;22(3):571-84
references.pmid: 16076655
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014 Feb 20;9(2):e89574
references.pmid: 24586883
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Mar;96(5):517-24
references.pmid: 16344938
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Oct;68(4):932S-938S
references.pmid: 9771875
references.citation: Bipolar Disord. 2005 Apr;7(2):176-86
references.pmid: 15762859
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1971 Mar;24(3):215-20
references.pmid: 5100617
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;202(3):212-9
references.pmid: 23349295
references.citation: Rom J Neurol Psychiatry. 1991 Jan-Jun;29(1-2):17-33
references.pmid: 1892777
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(4):561-70
references.pmid: 15714212
references.citation: Bipolar Disord. 2008 Mar;10(2):271-5
references.pmid: 18271906
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 1976 May-Jun;17(3):447-51
references.pmid: 1277819
references.citation: Nord J Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;69(2):118-25
references.pmid: 25131795
references.citation: Med Hypotheses. 2000 Aug;55(2):155-9
references.pmid: 10904433
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Jan;96(1):343-51
references.pmid: 12972441
references.citation: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2008 Sep;55(9):2143-51
references.pmid: 18713683
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Jun;47(6):589-93
references.pmid: 2190539
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2012 May;138(3):440-8
references.pmid: 22314261