title: Serum levels of neopterin, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress indicators in hyperemesis gravidarum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether serum levels of neopterin and inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative status indicators were altered in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) compared to asymptomatic pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was performed including 30 pregnant women with HG (mean age: 30.67 ± 6.68) and 30 asymptomatic pregnant women (mean age: 28.00 ± 5.30). Demographic features, obstetric history, and the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis/Nausea (PUQE) index were noted. Complete blood count, serum biochemical assay and measurement of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, total antioxidant status and total oxidative status (TOS) levels were taken and compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White blood cell count (P = 0.013), platelet count (P = 0.015), TOS (P < 0.001), and PUQE score (P < 0.001) were remarkably higher in HG pregnancies. On the other hand, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, (P < 0.001), sodium (P < 0.001), potassium (P < 0.001), chloride (P < 0.001) and TAS (P < 0.001) were higher in the control group. There was no difference in the levels of neopterin, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6. In patients with HG, a positive correlation was detected between TOS and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, while TNF-α, IL-6 and neopterin were positively correlated with hemoglobin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated no association between inflammation and HG. Elucidation of the pathophysiology and complex interaction between various inflammatory processes in HG necessitates further trials on larger series.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Senem Yaman
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tunc
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agacayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Diyarbakir Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budak
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tunc
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Sait
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Icen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih Mehmet
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Findik
authors.affiliation: Medical Biochemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekinci
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Talip
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000097:blood*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019798:Neopterin / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019798:Neopterin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: cytokine; hyperemesis gravidarum; inflammation; neopterin; oxidative stress