title: Comparison of clinical and radiographic status of platform-switched implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 24-month follow-up longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present 24-month follow-up longitudinal study was to compare the clinical and radiographic status of platform-switched implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 45 male non-smokers were included. In Group-1, there were 23 patients with T2DM, and patients in Group-2 comprised of 22 self-reported non-diabetic controls. Under local anesthesia, platform-switched implants were placed in the mandible. Peri-implant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), marginal bone loss (MBL) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured at 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Participants were also enrolled in a biannual oral hygiene maintenance program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of participants in groups 1 and 2 were 42.4 years (40-46 years) and 41.8 years (39-44 years), respectively. In Group-1, the mean duration of T2DM was 14.5 ± 0.7 months. At 12 and 24 months of follow-up, there was no significant difference in the mean HbA1c levels among patients in groups 1 and 2. At 12 and 24 months of follow-up, there was no significant difference in peri-implant BOP, PD and MBL in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platform-switched implants can remain clinically and radiographically stable in patients with T2DM in a manner similar to non-diabetic individuals. However, it is emphasized that bone loss around implants is influenced by several factors (such as oral hygiene status, glycemic control and tobacco smoking) and not merely platform switching.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Al Amri
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tariq S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Abduljabbar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: bone loss; dental implant; peri-implant parameters; platform switching; type 2 diabetes mellitus