title: Electromyographic Analysis of the Hip Extension Pattern in Visually Impaired Athletes.
abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the order of muscle recruitment during the active hip joint extension in particular positions in young visually impaired athletes. The average recruitment time (ART) of the gluteus maximus (GM) and the hamstring muscle group (HMG) was assessed by the means of surface electromyography (sEMG). The sequence of muscle recruitment in the female and male group was also taken into consideration. This study followed a prospective, cross - sectional, randomised design, where 76 visually impaired athletes between the age of 18-25 years were enrolled into the research and selected on chosen inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 64 young subjects (32 men and 32 women) were included in the study (age: 21.1 ± 1.05 years; body mass: 68.4 ± 12.4 kg; body height: 1.74 ± 0.09 m; BMI: 22.20 ± 2.25 kg/m2). All subjects were analysed for the ART of the GM and HMG during the active hip extension performed in two different positions, as well as resting and functional sEMG activity of each muscle. Between gender differences were comprised and the correlations between the ART of the GM and HMG with their functional sEMG activity during hip extension in both positions were shown. No significant differences between the ART of the GM and HMG were found (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of ART among both tested positions, as well in male as female subjects (p>0.05).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiotherapy, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Halski
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport in Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Żmijewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cięszczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Team Sport Games, Academy School of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medicine in Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Kuba
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ptaszkowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiotherapy, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland.
authors.forename: Lucyna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slupska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nervous System Diseases, University of Medicine in Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dymarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy Basics, Academy School of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taradaj
keywords: hip extension; movement pattern; muscle recruitment time; surface electromyography; visually impaired athletes
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