title: Texture analysis on parametric maps derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the merits of texture analysis on parametric maps derived from pharmacokinetic modeling with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) as imaging biomarkers for the prediction of treatment response in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 19 HNSCC patients underwent pre- and intra-treatment DCE-MRI scans at a 1.5T MRI scanner. All patients had chemo-radiation treatment. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed on the acquired DCE-MRI images, generating maps of volume transfer rate (K(trans)) and volume fraction of the extravascular extracellular space (ve). Image texture analysis was then employed on maps of K(trans) and ve, generating two texture measures: Energy (E) and homogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes were found for the mean and standard deviation for K(trans) and ve between pre- and intra-treatment (P > 0.09). Texture analysis revealed that the imaging biomarker E of ve was significantly higher in intra-treatment scans, relative to pretreatment scans (P < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemo-radiation treatment in HNSCC significantly reduces the heterogeneity of tumors.
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacobus Fa
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gaorav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nancy Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hilda E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Stambuk
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joseph O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Deasy
authors.affiliation: Jacobus FA Jansen, Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla-Dave
keywords: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas; Image texture analysis; Tumor heterogeneity
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