title: Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Microscale Model for Ichthyotoxicity Evaluation of Marine Natural Products.
abstract: Marine organisms often protect themselves against their predators by chemical defensive strategy. The second metabolites isolated from marine organisms and their symbiotic microbes have been proven to play a vital role in marine chemical ecology, such as ichthyotoxicity, allelopathy, and antifouling. It is well known that the microscale models for marine chemoecology assessment are urgently needed for trace quantity of marine natural products. Zebrafish model has been widely used as a microscale model in the fields of environment ecological evaluation and drug safety evaluation, but seldom reported for marine chemoecology assessment. In this work, zebrafish embryo toxicity microscale model was established for ichthyotoxicity evaluation of marine natural products by using 24-well microplate based on zebrafish embryo. Ichthyotoxicity was evaluated by observation of multiple toxicological endpoints, including coagulation egg, death, abnormal heartbeat, no spontaneous movement, delayed hatch, and malformation of the different organs during zebrafish embryogenesis periods at 24, 48, and 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). 3,4-Dichloroaniline was used as the positive control for method validation. Subsequently, the established model was applied to test the ichthyotoxic activity of the compounds isolated from corals and their symbiotic microbes and to isolate the bioactive secondary metabolites from the gorgonian Subergorgia mollis under bioassay guidance. It was suggested that zebrafish embryo toxicity microscale model is suitable for bioassay-guided isolation and preliminary bioactivity screening of marine natural products.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.|School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.|Guangzhou Baiyunshan Baidi Bio-Technology CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 511495, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. shaochanglun@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chang-Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Zhang
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Fei-Fei
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. changyun@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chang-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry; D001681:Biological Assay; D001688:Biological Products / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008853:Microscopy; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D015027:Zebrafish; D015053:Zygote / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Chemoecology; Embryo toxicity; Marine natural products; Microscale model; Zebrafish
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