title: Effects on Weight, Blood Lipids, Serum Fatty Acid Profile and Coagulation by an Energy-Dense Formula to Older Care Residents: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary intake in frail old adults is often lower than estimated needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an energy-dense oral supplement on nutritional status, food intake, and physical function in residents living in care residential homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled intervention trial with a crossover design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five care residential homes in the southern Stockholm area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Older people living at care residential homes: age 65 or older, malnourished or at risk of malnutrition according to Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy-dense formula (oleic and linoleic acid emulsion enriched with protein and micronutrients) (Calogen Extra, Nutricia) 30 mL distributed 3 times daily for 6 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body weight, 3-day food and fluid record, appetite rating, and physical function (ie, Short Physical Performance Battery, grip strength, and peak expiratory flow). Biochemical indicators of nutritional status, blood lipids, and serum phospholipid fatty acid (FA) profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight participants completed the 2 phases of the crossover study; group A (n = 14, 87 ± 6 years, 50% women) and group B (n = 14, 82 ± 8 years, 71% women). The intervention periods combined resulted in significantly (P < .05) increased energy intake (238 ± 544 kcal), weight gain (1.4 ± 3.7 kg), improved appetite, relative reduction of saturated FA and increase in polyunsaturated FA, increased apoliporotein A, and reduced serum fibrinogen (-0.9 ± 1.5 g/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distribution of an oleic and linoleic acid based fat emulsion enriched with protein and micronutrients (Calogen Extra) 3 times daily to old people in care residential homes improved nutritional status, had positive effects on fatty acid profile and blood lipids, and a potential antithrombotic effect. CLINICALTRIALS.
  NCT01259999.
authors.affiliation: Huddinge Municipality, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tylner
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cederholm
authors.affiliation: Clinical Geriatrics, Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: gerd.faxen.irving@ki.se.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faxén-Irving
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Older people; coagulation factors; energy-dense oral supplement; fatty acids