title: Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy.
abstract: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Its surgical approach has become less and less mutilating in the last decades. However, the overall number of breast reconstructions has significantly increased lately. Nowadays, breast reconstruction should be individualized at its best, first of all taking into consideration not only the oncological aspects of the tumor, neo-/adjuvant treatment, and genetic predisposition, but also its timing (immediate versus delayed breast reconstruction), as well as the patient's condition and wish. This article gives an overview over the various possibilities of breast reconstruction, including implant- and expander-based reconstruction, flap-based reconstruction (vascularized autologous tissue), the combination of implant and flap, reconstruction using non-vascularized autologous fat, as well as refinement surgery after breast reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmauss
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Günther
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Machens
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harder
keywords: DIEP flap; autologous fat grafting; breast cancer; breast implants; breast reconstruction; mastectomy
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Apr 15;115(5):1289-96
references.pmid: 15809588
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 2013 Jan;70(1):103-10
references.pmid: 21862916
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Jan;131(1):15-23
references.pmid: 23271515
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1976 Apr;29(2):126-8
references.pmid: 776304
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1994 Oct;47(7):495-501
references.pmid: 7952820
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977 Jan;59(1):1-14
references.pmid: 318745
references.citation: Am J Surg. 2015 Sep;210(3):512-6
references.pmid: 26054659
references.citation: Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2010 Jan 1;19(1):6-29
references.pmid: 19674073
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2013 Oct;14(11):1086-94
references.pmid: 24055415
references.citation: Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2013 Feb;58(1):35-40
references.pmid: 23158103
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2012 Mar;23(3):582-8
references.pmid: 21610155
references.citation: Breast. 2011 Aug;20(4):351-7
references.pmid: 21295982
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000 Apr;60(3):201-9
references.pmid: 10930107
references.citation: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59(6):614-21
references.pmid: 16716955
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 2003 May;50(5):475-9
references.pmid: 12792535
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989 May;83(5):828-41; discussion 842-4
references.pmid: 2523544
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 2003 Jun;56(4):395-400
references.pmid: 12873469
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Dec;128(6):1162-9
references.pmid: 22094735
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1967 Jun;21(2):260-9
references.pmid: 6028079
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Nov 12;378(9804):1707-16
references.pmid: 22019144
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 2016 Mar;76(3):270-5
references.pmid: 26101979
references.citation: Ann Surg. 2012 Mar;255(3):468-73
references.pmid: 22233832
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Aug;132(2):251-7
references.pmid: 23897324
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1997 Mar 6;336(10):677-82
references.pmid: 9041097
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 2007 Feb;58(2):131-6
references.pmid: 17245137
references.citation: Breast. 2015 Aug;24(4):370-5
references.pmid: 25913288
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977 Sep;60(3):341-52
references.pmid: 142995
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 May;113(6):1634-44
references.pmid: 15114123
references.citation: Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2008 Apr;53(2):178-89
references.pmid: 18055086
references.citation: Br J Surg. 2012 Jun;99(6):768-80
references.pmid: 22488516
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1988 Sep;41(5):500-5
references.pmid: 2972334
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Jul;122(1):29-38
references.pmid: 18594364
references.citation: Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2008 Apr;53(2):153-68
references.pmid: 18063288
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987 Jan;79(1):58-66
references.pmid: 3797518
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1977 Oct;30(4):277-81
references.pmid: 338072
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1970 Jul;46(1):1-7
references.pmid: 5430975
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Jun;58(4):493-7
references.pmid: 15897033
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1985 Mar 14;312(11):665-73
references.pmid: 3883167
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2015 Mar;65(2):87-108
references.pmid: 25651787
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Mar;125(3):811-7
references.pmid: 20195109
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2014 Dec;38(6):1101-8
references.pmid: 25320029
references.citation: Acta Chir Belg. 1980 Mar-Apr;79(2):125-9
references.pmid: 7435093
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976 Sep;58(3):283-91
references.pmid: 785497
references.citation: World J Surg. 2012 Apr;36(4):730-42
references.pmid: 22350474
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Aug;124(2):409-18
references.pmid: 19644255
references.citation: Ger Med Sci. 2013 Dec 12;11:Doc17
references.pmid: 24403878
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Apr 15;117(5):1387-94
references.pmid: 16641703
references.citation: Surg Clin North Am. 2003 Aug;83(4):885-99
references.pmid: 12875600
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 14;340(2):77-84
references.pmid: 9887158
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Jun;133(6):1354-61
references.pmid: 24867717
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 2013 Jul;71(1):24-30
references.pmid: 23788122
references.citation: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2014 Aug;67(8):1098-105
references.pmid: 24927863
references.citation: J Reconstr Microsurg. 2012 Jul;28(6):381-6
references.pmid: 22588791
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1):82-91
references.pmid: 19568048
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2003 Mar;10(2):95-7
references.pmid: 12620899
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 1994 Jan;32(1):32-8
references.pmid: 8141534
references.citation: Stem Cells Int. 2015;2015:120949
references.pmid: 26000019
references.citation: PLoS One. 2015 May 29;10(5):e0125655
references.pmid: 26024490
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Sep;118(3 Suppl):108S-120S
references.pmid: 16936550
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1983 Dec;72(6):905-10
references.pmid: 6359197
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 May;129(5):1029-38
references.pmid: 22261561
references.citation: Clin Plast Surg. 1994 Apr;21(2):223-32
references.pmid: 8187416
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 Sep 1;110(3):751-9; discussion 760-1
references.pmid: 12172134
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991 Sep;88(3):389-92; discussion 393-4
references.pmid: 1871214
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Jul;136(1):76-84
references.pmid: 26111315
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982 Feb;69(2):195-208
references.pmid: 7054790
references.citation: Breast J. 2015 May-Jun;21(3):233-40
references.pmid: 25772601
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Mar;123(3):807-16
references.pmid: 19319043
references.citation: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013 Dec;66(12):1676-82
references.pmid: 24011908
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982 Feb;69(2):216-25
references.pmid: 6459602