title: Postdispersal nepotism in male long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
abstract: Cooperative behaviors are promoted by kin selection if the costs to the actor are smaller than the fitness benefits to the recipient, weighted by the coefficient of relatedness. In primates, cooperation occurs primarily among female dyads. Due to male dispersal before sexual maturity in many primate species, however, it is unknown whether there are sufficient opportunities for selective tolerance and occasional coalitionary support for kin selection to favor male nepotistic support. We studied the effect of the presence of male kin on correlates of male reproductive success (residence time, duration of high dominance rank) in non-natal male long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). We found that "related" (i.e., related at the half-sibling level or higher) males in a group have a significantly higher probability to remain in the non-natal group compared to males without relatives. Moreover, males stayed longer in a group when a relative was present at group entry or joined the same group within 3 months upon arrival. Males with co-residing relatives also maintained a high rank for longer than those without. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a potential nepotistic effect on residence and rank maintenance among non-natal males in a social system without long-term alliances.
authors.affiliation: Anthropological Institute & Museum University of Zurich Winterthurerstr 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.affiliation: Anthropological Institute & Museum University of Zurich Winterthurerstr 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krützen
authors.affiliation: Zen.nl, Groningen Beren 28 9714DV Groningen the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Ruiter
authors.affiliation: Anthropological Institute & Museum University of Zurich Winterthurerstr 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carel P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van Schaik
authors.affiliation: Anthropological Institute & Museum University of Zurich Winterthurerstr 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Noordwijk
keywords: Cooperation; Macaca fascicularis; kinship; long‐tailed macaques; nepotism
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