title: Prevalence of paratuberculosis in the dairy goat and dairy sheep industries in Ontario, Canada.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was undertaken (October 2010 to August 2011) to estimate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in the small ruminant dairy industries in Ontario, Canada. Blood and feces were sampled from 580 goats and 397 sheep (lactating and 2 y of age or older) that were randomly selected from 29 randomly selected dairy goat herds and 21 convenience-selected dairy sheep flocks. Fecal samples were analyzed using bacterial culture (BD BACTEC MGIT 960) and polymerase chain reaction (Tetracore); serum samples were tested with the Prionics Parachek enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using 3-test latent class Bayesian models, true farm-level prevalence was estimated to be 83.0% [95% probability interval (PI): 62.6% to 98.1%] for dairy goats and 66.8% (95% PI: 41.6% to 91.4%) for dairy sheep. The within-farm true prevalence for dairy goats was 35.2% (95% PI: 23.0% to 49.8%) and for dairy sheep was 48.3% (95% PI: 27.6% to 74.3%). These data indicate that a paratuberculosis control program for small ruminants is needed in Ontario.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Bauman, Jones-Bitton, Menzies, Kelton); Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (Toft); Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 6484 Wellington Road 7, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Jansen).
authors.forename: Cathy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Bauman, Jones-Bitton, Menzies, Kelton); Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (Toft); Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 6484 Wellington Road 7, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Jansen).
authors.forename: Andria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones-Bitton
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Bauman, Jones-Bitton, Menzies, Kelton); Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (Toft); Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 6484 Wellington Road 7, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Jansen).
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Bauman, Jones-Bitton, Menzies, Kelton); Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (Toft); Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 6484 Wellington Road 7, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Jansen).
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Bauman, Jones-Bitton, Menzies, Kelton); Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (Toft); Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 6484 Wellington Road 7, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Jansen).
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Bauman, Jones-Bitton, Menzies, Kelton); Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (Toft); Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 6484 Wellington Road 7, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Jansen).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003612:Dairying; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006041:Goats; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
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