title: Hydrogen-rich water attenuates brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in rats.
abstract: Inflammation and oxidative stress are the two major causes of apoptosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Most previous studies of the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen-rich water on TBI primarily focused on antioxidant effects. The present study investigated whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) could attenuate brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in rats. A TBI model was induced using a controlled cortical impact injury. HRW or distilled water was injected intraperitoneally daily following surgery. We measured survival rate, brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and neurological dysfunction in all animals. Changes in inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells and Cho/Cr metabolites in brain tissues were also detected. Our results demonstrated that TBI-challenged rats exhibited significant brain injuries that were characterized by decreased survival rate and increased BBB permeability, brain edema, and neurological dysfunction, while HRW treatment ameliorated the consequences of TBI. HRW treatment also decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1), inflammatory cell number (Iba1) and inflammatory metabolites (Cho) and increased the levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the brain tissues of TBI-challenged rats. In conclusion, HRW could exert a neuroprotective effect against TBI and attenuate inflammation, which suggests HRW as an effective therapeutic strategy for TBI patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China.
authors.forename: Runfa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China.
authors.forename: Zonggang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Baoan Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518102, PR China.
authors.forename: Weichuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China.
authors.forename: Te
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China; Neurotrauma Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; Nerve Injury and Repair Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, PR China; Department of Neurotrauma, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, PR China. Electronic address: liubaiyun1212@163.com.
authors.forename: Baiyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014867:Water; D016753:Interleukin-10; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Controlled cortical impact; Hydrogen-rich water; Neuroprotective effect; Traumatic brain injury