title: Effects of adipose-derived stem cells plus insulin on erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a distressing complication in men with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) plus insulin on ED in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Eight weeks after the induction, the determined diabetic rats were randomly distributed into four groups: rats in DM + PBS group received a one-time intracavernous (IC) injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, DM + ADSCs group received IC injection of ADSCs, DM + Insulin group received subcutaneous injection of neutral protamine Hagedorn twice a day, and DM + ADSCs + Insulin group received both ADSCs and neutral protamine Hagedorn treatments. Another 10 normal rats were served as control group and received IC injection of PBS. Four weeks after the treatments, intracavernous pressure, histopathological changes in penis, functional proteins of ADSCs, and penis were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that ADSCs expressed vascular endothelial growth factor, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), and lipopolysaccharide-inducible CXC chemokine (LIX). ADSC injection partially restored cavernous endothelium and smooth muscle contents and nNOS-positive nerves, and reduced apoptosis in penis compared with PBS-treated diabetic rats. Insulin treatment could further modulate inflammatory response and reduce advanced glycation end-product accumulation in penis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better than single therapy, ADSCs combined with insulin ameliorate ED and pathological changes in diabetic rats to near-normal levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188, Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188, Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. A59, Di'anmen West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
authors.forename: Yongde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. A59, Di'anmen West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
authors.forename: Hongen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. A59, Di'anmen West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
authors.forename: Bicheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. A59, Di'anmen West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
authors.forename: Ruili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. A59, Di'anmen West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
authors.forename: Zhezhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. A59, Di'anmen West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. xinzc@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhongcheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188, Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, China. hjq0192@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Jianquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D010413:Penis / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000593874:Ager protein, rat; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; C576839:TIMP1 protein, rat; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
keywords: AGEs; Adipose-derived stem cells; Diabetes; Erectile dysfunction; Insulin; VEGF
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