title: Resting Heart Rate Does Not Predict Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
abstract: Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) has been associated with increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. Limited data are available so far in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects with no study focusing on progressive renal decline specifically. Aims of our study were to verify RHR as a simple and reliable predictor of adverse disease outcomes in T2DM patients. A total of 421 T2DM patients with variable baseline stage of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were prospectively followed. A history of the cardiovascular disease was present in 81 (19.2%) patients at baseline, and DKD (glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min or proteinuria) was present in 328 (77.9%) at baseline. Progressive renal decline was defined as a continuous rate of glomerular filtration rate loss ≥ 3.3% per year. Resting heart rate was not significantly higher in subjects with cardiovascular disease or DKD at baseline compared to those without. Using time-to-event analyses, significant differences in the cumulative incidence of the studied outcomes, that is, progression of DKD (and specifically progressive renal decline), major advanced cardiovascular event, and all-cause mortality, between RHR </≥65 (arbitrary cut-off) and 75 (median) bpm were not found. We did not ascertain predictive value of the RHR for the renal or cardiovascular outcomes in T2DM subjects in Czech Republic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vendula
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bartáková
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klimešová
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kianičková
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dvořáková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 126/3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malúšková
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Řehořová
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svojanovský
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jindřich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olšovský
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bělobrádková
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaňková
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D018153:Czech Republic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
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