title: Altered Expression of Cytoskeletal and Axonal Proteins in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxaliplatin is a platinum compound widely used in the treatment of some solid tumors. Despite its usefulness, oxaliplatin-associated neurotoxicity represents the main dose-limiting factor of this drug. This study examined the structural neuronal effects of oxaliplatin treatment in spinal and supraspinal levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein expression was investigated in the mouse cortex, thalamus, periaqueductal grey (PAG) matter and spinal cord (SC) by Western blotting. Thermal nociception was assessed by the hot plate test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate a reduction in the levels of growth associated protein-43 (GAP43) in the cortex and SC areas at the end of thermal hyperalgesic response, while a decrease in neurofilament-H (NfH) phosphorylation was observed in the SC on day 21 when the pain-related manifestation reaches the neurotoxic peak. Counteracting phosphorylated NfH content increases in the SC and cortex regions at day 28 as a result of the beginning of neuro-regeneration process. We also revealed that the levels of HuD, a neuronal-specific RNA-binding protein, decreased, demonstrating the same temporal and regional expression pattern of GAP43. Oxaliplatin chronic treatment induced a region-specific upregulation of γ isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) within thalamus and PAG, and the administration of a PKC inhibitor suggests that PKC activity in these brain regions must be required to maintain the thermal hyperalgesic state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that changes in the protein levels of the regulatory and structural proteins are due to oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity and imply that there is a direct link between structural changes in the central nervous system and chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Domenica
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghelardini
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galeotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000067779:ELAV-Like Protein 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000067779:ELAV-Like Protein 4; C498011:Elavl4 protein, mouse; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; C051774:neurofilament protein H; C087857:protein kinase C gamma; D011493:Protein Kinase C