title: Video-based Assessment of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion in the Resuscitation Area of a Pediatric Emergency Department.
abstract: The objective was to describe the frequency of and factors associated with prolonged peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) insertion in the resuscitation area of a pediatric emergency department (PED).
  
  
  
  Video-based study of a consecutive sample of nontrauma patients undergoing PIV insertion in the resuscitation area of a PED. Preexisting videos were the main data source. The primary outcome was patients with prolonged duration of PIV insertion (>90 seconds from start of first attempt to successful flush/blood draw). Logistic regression identified variables independently associated with prolonged PIV insertion.
  
  
  
  A total of 151 consecutive nontrauma patients underwent PIV insertion during a 2.5-month period. Sixty-nine patients (46%) had prolonged PIV insertion, including 14 for whom PED providers failed to insert PIVs. For patients with successful PIV insertion by PED providers, median duration was 48 seconds (interquartile range [IQR] = 23 to 295 seconds). Vascular access was ultimately achieved for 13 patients (93%) with initial insertion failure by the PED team (10 non-PED personnel, three intraosseous lines), with a median duration of 26.7 minutes (IQR = 19.9 to 34.2 minutes). Age ≤ 2 years (ORadj = 6.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9 to 16.1) and musculoskeletal contractures (ORadj = 5.3; 95% CI = 1.6 to 17.2) were independently associated with prolonged PIV insertion.
  
  
  
  Prolonged PIV insertion is common in a PED resuscitation area. When PED providers could not insert a PIV, time to insertion was very long. Young patients and those with contractures were at particular risk for prolonged and failed PIV placement. When emergent vascular access is required, alternative approaches should be considered early for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Adam A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vukovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Byczkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kerrey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous; D008297:Male; D000070316:Pediatric Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording