title: Phylogenetic diversity of rhizobial species and symbiovars nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris in Iran.
abstract: The phylogenetic diversity of 29 rhizobial strains nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris in Iran was analysed on the basis of their core and symbiotic genes. These strains displayed five 16S rRNA-RFLP patterns and belong to eight ERIC-PCR clusters. The phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA, recA and atpD core genes allowed the identification of several strains as Rhizobium sophoriradicis, R. leguminosarum, R. tropici and Pararhizobium giardinii, whereas other strains represented a new phylogenetic lineage related to R. vallis. These strains and those identified as R. sophoriradicis and R. leguminosarum belong to the symbiovar phaseoli carrying the γ nodC allele distributed in P. vulgaris endosymbionts in America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The strain identified as R. tropici belongs to the symbiovar tropici carried by strains of R. tropici, R. leucaenae, R. lusitanum and R. freirei nodulating P. vulgaris in America, Africa and Asia. The strain identified as P. giardinii belongs to the symbiovar giardinii together with the type strain of this species nodulating P. vulgaris in France. It is remarkable that the recently described species R. sophoriradicis is worldwide distributed in P. vulgaris nodules carrying the γ nodC allele of symbiovar phaseoli harboured by rhizobia isolated in the American distribution centers of this legume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran.
authors.forename: Kiomars
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rouhrazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran Khodakarmian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gholam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khodakaramian
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37001, Spain.
authors.forename: Encarna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velázquez
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D007492:Iran; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D016961:Rhizobium leguminosarum / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D042162:Rhizobium tropici / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C060771:NodC protein, Rhizobiales; D011938:Rec A Recombinases
keywords: Iran; Pararhizobium; Phaseolus vulgaris; Rhizobium; housekeeping genes; symbiotic genes