title: [Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: Three cases and literature review].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to collect epidemiological, aetiopathogenic, clinical, histological and therapeutic data concerning proliferative verrucous leucoplakia (PVL) and to report three new cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review performed using the Medline database enabled us to collate 39 studies involving 607 cases. Three new cases were added.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PVL is a rare disease characterized by extensive and multifocal oral leucoplakic lesions. Its histological pattern depends on the stage of the disease: hyperkeratosis, verrucous hyperplasia, verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The aetiopathogenesis of PVL is poorly understood and there is no clear consensus concerning therapy. Malignant transformation occurs in over 50 % of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis of PVL is difficult because of the presenting signs, which can be mistaken for those of other diseases. Management may be complicated and long-term follow-up is essential.
authors.affiliation: Service d'odontologie, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ottavioli
authors.affiliation: Centre massilien de la face, 24, avenue du Prado, 13006 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.affiliation: Service d'odontologie, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France; UMR 7268 ADES, Aix-Marseille/EFS/CNRS, faculté de médecine-secteur Nord, boulevard Pierre-Dramard, 13344 Marseille cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Catherine
authors.affiliation: Service d'odontologie, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Massereau
authors.affiliation: Service d'anatomie pathologique et de cytologie, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Grande
authors.affiliation: Service d'odontologie, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France; Centre massilien de la face, 24, avenue du Prado, 13006 Marseille, France. Electronic address: ugo.ordioni@gmail.com.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ordioni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Carcinome verruqueux; Carcinome épidermoïde; Leucoplasie buccale; Leucoplasie verruqueuse proliférative; Mouth neoplasia; Oral leucoplakia; Proliferative verrucous leucoplakia; Squamous cell carcinoma; Tumeurs de la bouche; Verrucous carcinoma