title: Three-year randomized study of manual and power toothbrush effects on pre-existing gingival recession.
abstract: To compare long-term effects of brushing with an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush or an ADA reference manual toothbrush on pre-existing gingival recession.
  
  
  
  In this controlled, prospective, single-blind, parallel-group study, healthy subjects with pre-existing recession were randomized and brushed with a power toothbrush (n = 55) or an ADA reference manual toothbrush (n = 54) for a 3-year study period. Subjects were required to brush their teeth twice daily for 2 min. using a standard fluoride toothpaste. During the study, subjects were assessed for clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depths to the nearest mm at six sites per tooth by the same calibrated examiner. Gingival recession was calculated at pre-existing sites as the difference between clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depths. Hard and soft oral tissues were examined to assess safety.
  
  
  
  After 35 ± 2 months, mean gingival recession did not differ significantly between groups, but was significantly reduced from baseline (p < 0.001), from 2.35 ± 0.35 mm to 1.90 ± 0.58 mm in the power and from 2.26 ± 0.31 mm to 1.81 ± 0.66 mm in the manual group.
  
  
  
  Gingival recession in subjects with pre-existing recession was significantly reduced after 3 years of brushing with either a power or manual toothbrush.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Oral Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Christof E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dörfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Staehle
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D003773:Dental Plaque; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004867:Equipment Design; D005889:Gingival Recession; D005891:Gingivitis; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014099:Toothbrushing
keywords: brushing effect; long-term clinical study; manual brush; oscillating-rotating power brush; pre-existing gingival recession; reduced gingival recession
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