title: Quantitative electrochemical metalloimmunoassay for TFF3 in urine using a paper analytical device.
abstract: We report a paper-based assay platform for the detection of the kidney disease marker Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) in human urine. The sensor is based on a quantitative metalloimmunoassay that can determine TFF3 concentrations via electrochemical detection of environmentally stable silver nanoparticle (AgNP) labels attached to magnetic microbeads via a TFF3 immunosandwich. The paper electroanalytical device incorporates two preconcentration steps that make it possible to detect concentrations of TFF3 in human urine at the low end of the target TFF3 concentration range (0.03-7.0 μg mL(-1)). Importantly, the paper device provides a level of accuracy for TFF3 determination in human urine equivalent to that of a commercial kit. The paper sensor has a dynamic range of ∼2.5 orders of magnitude, only requires a simple, one-step incubation protocol, and is fast, requiring only 10 min to complete. The cost of the materials at the prototypic laboratory scale, excluding reagents, is just US$0.42.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA. crooks@cm.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: DeGregory
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA. crooks@cm.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Yi-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA. crooks@cm.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scida
authors.affiliation: Interactives Executive Excellence LLC, 201 N. Weston Lane, Austin, Texas 78733, USA.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA. crooks@cm.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Crooks
mesh_terms: D004563:Electrochemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D010209:Paper; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3 / Q000652:urine*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D012834:Silver