title: More Than Tiny Sacks: Stem Cell Exosomes as Cell-Free Modality for Cardiac Repair.
abstract: Stem cell therapy provides immense hope for regenerating the pathological heart, yet has been marred by issues surrounding the effectiveness, unclear mechanisms, and survival of the donated cell population in the ischemic myocardial milieu. Poor survival and engraftment coupled to inadequate cardiac commitment of the adoptively transferred stem cells compromises the improvement in cardiac function. Various alternative approaches to enhance the efficacy of stem cell therapies and to overcome issues with cell therapy have been used with varied success. Cell-free components, such as exosomes enriched in proteins, messenger RNAs, and miRs characteristic of parental stem cells, represent a potential approach for treating cardiovascular diseases. Recently, exosomes from different kinds of stem cells have been effectively used to promote cardiac function in the pathological heart. The aim of this review is to summarize current research efforts on stem cell exosomes, including their potential benefits and limitations to develop a potentially viable therapy for cardiovascular problems.
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Translational Medicine (R.K., M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kishore
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Translational Medicine (R.K., M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Mohsin.Khan@temple.edu raj.kishore@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Mohsin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D005838:Genotype; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D010641:Phenotype; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
keywords: cardiac regeneration; cardiovascular diseases; exosomes; miRNAs; stem cells
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