title: The Effect of Sleep Quality on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care Patients.
abstract: Sleep has important effects on physical and mental health, and sleep disorders are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration or sleep quality and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The FACTS (FAmily CohorT Study in primary care) was established to investigate the relations between familial environment and health which was conducted at 22 family medicine outpatient clinics in general hospitals. Total 563 patients without diabetes who received ≥1 year follow-up examination were included in the analysis. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to determine sleep quality, and a score of ≥5 was considered to define poor sleep quality. Patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents, having a fasting glucose level of >126 mg/dL, or diagnosed with diabetes by physicians were classified as having diabetes. The median follow-up period was 2.5 years. Poor sleep quality was associated with a higher risk of diabetes after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, income, physical activity, and family history of diabetes (relative risk=2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-6.78). As a risk factor for the development of diabetes, poor sleep quality may independently increase the incidence of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Ah
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3125-7805
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0521-4804
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunwoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Sik
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1786-4273
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Yeon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8126-7617
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon Ki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8242-0943
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9528-9537
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Wook
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8753-9660
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Primary Health Care; Sleep Quality
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 13;345(11):790-7
references.pmid: 11556298
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2003 Feb;26(2):380-4
references.pmid: 12547866
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1381-95
references.pmid: 12900694
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):282-3
references.pmid: 14694011
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2119-26
references.pmid: 15126529
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Oct;27(10):2464-9
references.pmid: 15451917
references.citation: Sleep. 1983;6(2):102-7
references.pmid: 6878979
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213
references.pmid: 2748771
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(7):633-8
references.pmid: 2788211
references.citation: Sleep. 1996 May;19(4):277-82
references.pmid: 8776783
references.citation: Sleep. 1997 Oct;20(10):865-70
references.pmid: 9415946
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2005 Feb;48(2):235-41
references.pmid: 15645205
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Nov;99(5):2008-19
references.pmid: 16227462
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2005 Nov;28(11):2762-7
references.pmid: 16249553
references.citation: Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2008 Aug;22(4):190-9
references.pmid: 18640538
references.citation: Obes Facts. 2008;1(5):266-73
references.pmid: 20054188
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;91(6):1550-9
references.pmid: 20357041
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2012 Oct 16;157(8):549-57
references.pmid: 23070488
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2013;4:2259
references.pmid: 23922121
references.citation: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013 Sep;42(3):617-34
references.pmid: 24011890
references.citation: Can J Diabetes. 2013 Apr;37(2):103-8
references.pmid: 24070800
references.citation: Sleep Med Rev. 2014 Feb;18(1):89-97
references.pmid: 23816458