title: Evidence of the gastroprotective and anti- Helicobacter pylori activities of β-mangostin isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens (vahl) blume.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  β-Mangostin (BM) from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrated various pharmacological activities such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. In this study, we aimed to investigate its antiulcer activity against ethanol ulcer model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  BM was isolated from C. arborescens. Gastric acid output, ulcer index, gross evaluation, mucus production, histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunohistochemical localization for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bax proteins were investigated. Possible involvement of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, prostaglandin E2, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, radical scavenging, nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds, and anti-Helicobacter pylori were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BM showed antisecretory activity against the pylorus ligature model. The pretreatment with BM protect gastric mucosa from ethanol damaging effect as seen by the improved gross and histological appearance. BM significantly reduced the ulcer area formation, the submucosal edema, and the leukocytes infiltration compared to the ulcer control. The compound showed intense periodic acid-Schiff staining to the gastric mucus layer and marked amount of alcian blue binding to free gastric mucus. BM significantly increased the gastric homogenate content of prostaglandin E2 glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds. The compound inhibited the lipid peroxidation revealed by the reduced gastric content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, BM upregulate HSP70 expression and downregulate Bax expression. Furthermore, the compound showed interesting anti-H. pylori activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, it could be concluded that BM possesses gastroprotective activity, which could be attributed to the antisecretory, mucus production, antioxidant, HSP70, antiapoptotic, and anti-H. pylori mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Heyam Mohamed Ali
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sidahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Najihah Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Syam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Siddig Ibrahim
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Abdelwahab
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Manal Mohamed Elhassan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, Sports Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Firouzeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproduct Research and Innovation, Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Maizatulakmal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yahayu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Gwendoline Cheng Lian
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mun Fai
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jamuna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vadivelu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D028084:Clusiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D044004:Xanthones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D044004:Xanthones; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C021053:mangostin
keywords: gastric ulcer; heat shock protein 70; reactive oxygen species
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