title: Neuromodulation of Attentional Control in Major Depression: A Pilot DeepTMS Study.
abstract: While Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is primarily characterized by mood disturbances, impaired attentional control is increasingly identified as a critical feature of depression. Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (deepTMS), a noninvasive neuromodulatory technique, can modulate neural activity and induce neuroplasticity changes in brain regions recruited by attentional processes. This study examined whether acute and long-term high-frequency repetitive deepTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can attenuate attentional deficits associated with MDD. Twenty-one MDD patients and 26 matched control subjects (CS) were administered the Beck Depression Inventory and the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) at baseline. MDD patients were readministered the SART and depressive assessments following a single session (n = 21) and after 4 weeks (n = 13) of high-frequency (20 Hz) repetitive deepTMS applied to the DLPFC. To control for the practice effect, CS (n = 26) were readministered the SART a further two times. The MDD group exhibited deficits in sustained attention and cognitive inhibition. Both acute and long-term high-frequency repetitive frontal deepTMS ameliorated sustained attention deficits in the MDD group. Improvement after acute deepTMS was related to attentional recovery after long-term deepTMS. Longer-term improvement in sustained attention was not related to antidepressant effects of deepTMS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Jodie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naim-Feil
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.affiliation: Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Dianne M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.affiliation: Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod HaSharon, Israel.
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levkovitz
authors.affiliation: Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Pinhas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4623-8140
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dannon
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isserles
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zangen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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