title: Synthetic nanoparticles camouflaged with biomimetic erythrocyte membranes for reduced reticuloendothelial system uptake.
abstract: Suppression of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake is one of the most challenging tasks in nanomedicine. Coating stratagems using polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), have led to great success in this respect. Nevertheless, recent observations of immunological response toward these synthetic polymers have triggered a search for better alternatives. In this work, natural red blood cell (RBC) membranes are camouflaged on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for reducing the RES uptake. In vitro macrophage uptake, in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that the RBC membrane is a superior alternative to the current gold standard PEG for nanoparticle 'stealth'. Furthermore, we systematically investigate the in vivo potential toxicity of RBC membrane-coated nanoparticles by blood biochemistry, whole blood panel examination and histology analysis based on animal models. The combination of synthetic nanoparticles and natural cell membranes embodies a novel and biomimetic nanomaterial design strategy and presents a compelling property of functional materials for a broad range of biomedical applications.
authors.forename: Lang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Huiqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Shi-Shang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xing-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012157:Mononuclear Phagocyte System / Q000502:physiology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide