title: Evaluation of Coronal Leakage Following Different Obturation Techniques and in-vitro Evalution Using Methylene Blue Dye Preparation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronal and apical leakage still remains one of the most important cause for endodontic failure in spite of the presence of advanced endodontic materials. The cause may attribute to different filling techniques, physical and chemical properties of sealers and presence or absence of smear layer assessment of coronal or apical leakage is used as a research method to compare the sealing ability of different techniques and endodontic materials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the coronal bacterial leakage using methylene blue in four different obturation techniques after protaper hand instrumentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented to an apical preparation size F3 Protaper hand files. Twenty teeth were randomly obturated with lateral compaction, 20 with vertical compaction, 20 with combination of vertical and lateral compaction and 20 with Thermafil. Ten teeth were used for positive and negative controls (five teeth in each group). Teeth were kept in 100% humidity for 90 days, and then subjected coronally to Proteus vulgaris for 21 days to assess bacterial leakage. After bacterial challenge, methylene blue was placed coronally for another 21 days, and then scoring was done according to depth of dye leakage. Chi-square test was done for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leakage as observed with combination of vertical and lateral compaction was significantly less than vertical compaction, lateral compaction and thermafil carriers during bacterial challenge. However, when dye was used it also showed statistically significant results with thermafil carriers showing the least leakage in comparison to vertical condensation, lateral condensation and combined groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concludes that two different methods i.e. bacterial and dye leakage revealed considerable variation on the same substrate Thus, due to the presence of variability among the results obtained by two different analytical methods used in the present study, the study emphasizes the need for standardization of methods as the lack of standardization hinders the comparison of different endodontic filling techniques.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Rachit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Medhavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raisingani
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Suchita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vishnoi
authors.affiliation: Tutor, Department of Endodontics, ESIC HOSPITAL , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, MAIDC , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Shekhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grover
keywords: Lateral compaction; Microleakage; Proteus vulgaris; Thermafil carrier; Tubliseal; Warm vertical compaction
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