title: Metabolic and Hormonal Response to a Feed-challenge Test in Lean and Overweight Dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obese dogs risk poor life quality, creating a need for increased knowledge of metabolism in overweight dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigate postprandial metabolic and hormonal responses to a high-fat mixed-meal in dogs and responses of lean versus overweight dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight healthy intact male Labrador Retrievers were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study. Twelve dogs were grouped as lean (body condition score (BCS 4-5), 10 as slightly overweight (BCS 6), and 6 as overweight (BCS 6.5-8) on a 9-point scale. After an overnight fast, urine and blood samples were collected. Dogs were then fed a high-fat mixed-meal, and blood was collected hourly for 4 hours and urine after 3 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postprandial concentrations of insulin and glucagon were increased at 1 hour (both P < 0.0001), triglycerides at 2 hours (P < 0.0001), and glucose at 3 hours (P = 0.004); and all remained increased throughout the feed-challenge in all dogs. Postprandial urine cortisol/creatinine ratio was higher than fasting values (P = 0.001). Comparing between groups, there was an overall higher triglyceride response in overweight compared to lean (P = 0.001) and slightly overweight (P = 0.015) dogs. Overweight dogs also had higher fasting cortisol/creatinine ratio compared to lean dogs (P = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postprandial responses of dogs to a high-fat mixed-meal were similar to those previously reported in people. The higher postprandial triglyceride response and fasting cortisol/creatinine ratio in the overweight dogs could be early signs of metabolic imbalance. Thus, although overweight dogs often appear healthy, metabolic alterations might be present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Söder
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wernersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hagman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malmlöf
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höglund
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats
keywords: Canine; Glucagon; Obesity; Triglycerides; Urine cortisol
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