title: Accumulation of Laminin Monomers in Drosophila Glia Leads to Glial Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disrupted Larval Locomotion.
abstract: The nervous system is surrounded by an extracellular matrix composed of large glycoproteins, including perlecan, collagens, and laminins. Glial cells in many organisms secrete laminin, a large heterotrimeric protein consisting of an α, β, and γ subunit. Prior studies have found that loss of laminin subunits from vertebrate Schwann cells causes loss of myelination and neuropathies, results attributed to loss of laminin-receptor signaling. We demonstrate that loss of the laminin γ subunit (LanB2) in the peripheral glia of Drosophila melanogaster results in the disruption of glial morphology due to disruption of laminin secretion. Specifically, knockdown of LanB2 in peripheral glia results in accumulation of the β subunit (LanB1), leading to distended endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER stress, and glial swelling. The physiological consequences of disruption of laminin secretion in glia included decreased larval locomotion and ultimately lethality. Loss of the γ subunit from wrapping glia resulted in a disruption in the glial ensheathment of axons but surprisingly did not affect animal locomotion. We found that Tango1, a protein thought to exclusively mediate collagen secretion, is also important for laminin secretion in glia via a collagen-independent mechanism. However loss of secretion of the laminin trimer does not disrupt animal locomotion. Rather, it is the loss of one subunit that leads to deleterious consequences through the accumulation of the remaining subunits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research presents a new perspective on how mutations in the extracellular matrix protein laminin cause severe consequences in glial wrapping and function. Glial-specific loss of the β or γ laminin subunit disrupted glia morphology and led to ER expansion and stress due to retention of other subunits. The retention of the unpaired laminin subunit was key to the glial disruption as loss of Tango1 blocked secretion of the complete laminin trimer but did not lead to glial or locomotion defects. The effects were observed in the perineurial glia that envelope the peripheral and central nervous systems, providing evidence for the importance of this class of glia in supporting nervous system function.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Zoology and Neuroscience Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Petley-Ragan
authors.affiliation: Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada, and.
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ardiel
authors.affiliation: Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada, and.
authors.forename: Catharine H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-0654
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Zoology and Neuroscience Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada auld@zoology.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Vanessa J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-9186
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Auld
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000502:physiology; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007797:Laminin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C557617:GAL4 protein, Drosophila; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007797:Laminin; C546979:LanB1 protein, Drosophila; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C094061:Nrv2 protein, Drosophila; D021122:Protein Subunits; D014157:Transcription Factors; C109766:tgo protein, Drosophila; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Drosophila; ER stress; Tango1; glia; laminin; neuropathy
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