title: Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and recent initiation of smoking among US youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether the prevalence of recent (within a year) initiation of cigarette smoking was associated with reports of ever using electronic delivery systems (ENDS) in the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) and whether the association varied by age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weighted cross-sectional analysis of use of ENDS, cigarette smoking, age at interview and age at initiation of smoking collected systematically through the 2011-2013 NYTS cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analyses those who ever used ENDS were twice as likely as nonusers of ENDS to have tried cigarette smoking in the last year (multivariate PR: 2.3; 95 % CI 1.9, 2.7). This average hid significant variations by age: a 4.1-fold increase (95 %; 2.6, 6.4) among those 11-13 years of age, compared to a smaller increase among those 16-18 years: 1.4-fold (95 % CI 1.1, 1.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of ENDS by adolescents was associated with initiation of cigarette smoking in the last year. This association was stronger in younger adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA. vmcardenas@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-0980
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Cardenas
authors.affiliation: Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Appathurai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balamurugan
authors.affiliation: Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Faramawi
authors.affiliation: Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Delongchamp
authors.affiliation: Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: J Gary
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Adolescent; Age; Cross-sectional studies; Dependence; Electronic cigarettes; Epidemiology; Nicotine; United States
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