title: The effects of ethanol on the size-exclusion characteristics of type I dentin collagen to adhesive resin monomers.
abstract: During dentin bonding with etch-and-rinse adhesive systems, phosphoric acid etching of mineralized dentin solubilizes the mineral crystallites and replaces them with bound and unbound water. During the infiltration phase of dentin bonding, solvated adhesive resin comonomers are supposed to replace all of the unbound collagen water and polymerize into copolymers. A recently published review suggested that dental monomers are too large to enter and displace water from tightly-packed collagen molecules. Conversely, recent work from the authors' laboratory demonstrated that HEMA and TEGDMA freely equilibrate with water-saturated dentin matrices. However, because adhesive blends are solvated in organic solvents, those solvents may remove enough free water to allow collagen molecules to come close enough to exclude adhesive monomer permeation. The present study analyzed the size-exclusion characteristics of dentin collagen, using a gel permeation-like column chromatography technique, filled with dentin powder instead of Sephadex beads as the stationary phase. The elution volumes of different sized test molecules, including adhesive resin monomers, studied in both water-saturated dentin, and again in ethanol-dehydrated dentin powder, showed that adhesive resin monomers can freely diffuse into both hydrated and dehydrated collagen molecules. Under these in vitro conditions, all free and some of the loosely-bound water seems to have been removed by ethanol. These results validate the concept that adhesive resin monomers can permeate tightly-bound water in ethanol-saturated collagen molecules during infiltration by etch-and-rinse adhesives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been reported that collagen molecules in dentin matrices are packed too close together to allow permeation of adhesive monomers between them. Resin infiltration, in this view, would be limited to extrafibrillar spaces. Our work suggests that monomers equilibrate with collagen water in both water and ethanol-saturated dentin matrices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara Dental School, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: D L S
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Scheffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara Dental School, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebling
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Agee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences DIBINEM, University of Bologna and IGM-CNR Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Odontology, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grégoire
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. Electronic address: dpashley@gru.edu.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002417:Cattle; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017001:Tooth Demineralization
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Bound water; Collagen; Dentin; Ethanol-wet bonding; Mineralized collagen; Polar solvents; Resin-dentin bonding; Size-exclusion
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