title: Application of natural deep eutectic solvents to the extraction of anthocyanins from Catharanthus roseus with high extractability and stability replacing conventional organic solvents.
abstract: Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have attracted a great deal of attention in recent times as promising green media. They are generally composed of neutral, acidic or basic compounds that form liquids of high viscosity when mixed in certain molar ratio. Despite their potential, viscosity and acid or basic nature of some ingredients may affect the extraction capacity and stabilizing ability of the target compounds. To investigate these effects, extraction with a series of NADES was employed for the analysis of anthocyanins in flower petals of Catharanthus roseus in combination with HPLC-DAD-based metabolic profiling. Along with the extraction yields of anthocyanins their stability in NADES was also studied. Multivariate data analysis indicates that the lactic acid-glucose (LGH), and 1,2-propanediol-choline chloride (PCH) NADES present a similar extraction power for anthocyanins as conventional organic solvents. Furthermore, among the NADES employed, LGH exhibits an at least three times higher stabilizing capacity for cyanidins than acidified ethanol, which facilitates their extraction and analysis process. Comparing NADES to the conventional organic solvents, in addition to their reduced environmental impact, they proved to provide higher stability for anthocyanins, and therefore have a great potential as possible alternatives to those organic solvents in health related areas such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yuntao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evelien
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rozema
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verpoorte
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: y.choi@chem.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Young Hae
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D030008:Catharanthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D055432:Metabolomics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D001688:Biological Products; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Anthocyanin; Catharanthus roseus; Extraction profile; Natural deep eutectic solvents; Stability