title: Stability in the prevalence of Swedish children who were overweight or obese in 2003 and 2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to explore the prevalence and determinants of overweight including obesity among children in Sweden in 2003 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two population-based cross-sectional surveys included 7728 and 12 882 12-year-old children in Sweden, and 1198 and 2699 eight-year-old children in Stockholm County, in 2003 and 2011. Weighted prevalence of overweight including obesity and multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2011, the overweight prevalence was lower for 12-year-old girls than boys (RR=0.84, CI=0.77-0.92), lower for girls and boys with a higher rather than a lower educated mother (for example, RRgirls =0.76, CI=0.65-0.88), but higher for girls and boys in smaller rather than main cities (RRgirls =1.52, CI=1.28-1.82). There was no difference in overweight prevalence between 2003 and 2011 among the 12-year-old children. However, eight-year-old girls had a lower overweight prevalence in 2011 than in 2003 (RR=0.76, CI=0.59-0.97). The strongest decrease in overweight was among eight-year-old girls with mothers with lower levels of education (RR=0.63, CI=0.47-0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of overweight including obesity was stable among Swedish children between 2003 and 2011. Gradients in the determinants of overweight persisted. There was some evidence of a less steep socio-economic gradient in overweight in eight-year-old girls over time.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. jeroen.de.munter@ki.se.
authors.forename: Jeroen S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4346-3892
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: de Munter
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedl
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kark
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Unit of Environmental Medicine, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgellis
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Child and Adolescent Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Cross-sectional; Determinants; Population-based; Prevalence; Time trends