title: Incidence of isolated dipstick hematuria and its association with the glomerular filtration rate: a cross-sectional study from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010-2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of isolated hematuria and its relationship to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V were used. A stratified, three-stage, clustered probability design was used to collect representative data on the Korean population. Ultimately, 18,587 participants were included. The incidence of isolated dipstick hematuria and its relationship with the GFR (estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis showed that 31.8% of the population had isolated hematuria, the incidence of which significantly increased with age (P trend < 0.001). As the severity of hematuria increased, the ratio of GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) ≤ GFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2) was significantly increased (P trend < 0.001). After adjusting for the confounders, the mean GFR of the grade 3+ (grades 3, 4, 5) hematuria group was significantly reduced compared to that of the negative, grade 1, and grade 2 hematuria groups (with an adjusted mean ± standard error of 94.0 ± 0.8 vs. 97.2 ± 0.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P < 0.001). Additionally, the odds ratio of the grade 3+ hematuria group for a GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) was significantly increased compared to that of the negative, grade 1, and grade 2 hematuria groups after adjusting for the confounders (adjusted odds ratio 1.468, 95% confidence interval 1.049-2.054, P = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An effective health policy for hematuria screening is needed for older age groups. A strategy of careful checkups and counseling regarding renal function is necessary for patients with isolated hematuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Gi
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Garakbon-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-708, Korea. sinbanpolee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006417:Hematuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016482:Urinalysis
keywords: Glomerular filtration rate; Hematuria; Incidence
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