title: Energy output reduction and surface alteration of quartz tips following Er:YAG laser contact irradiation on soft and hard tissues in vitro.
abstract: Though the Er:YAG laser (ErL) has been used in periodontal therapy, the irradiated tip damage has not been studied in detail. In this study, the change in the energy output, surface morphology, and temperature of quartz tips was evaluated following contact irradiation. Soft tissue, calculus on extracted human teeth, and porcine bone were irradiated by ErL for 60 min at 14.2 or 28.3 J/cm(2)/pulse and 20 Hz with or without water spray. The energy output ratio declined the most in the calculus group, followed by the bone and soft tissue groups with and/or without water spray. Carbon contamination was detected in all groups, and contamination by P, Ca, and/or other inorganic elements was observed in the calculus and bone groups. The rate of energy output reduction and the degree of surface alteration/contamination is variously influenced by the targeting tissue, temperature elevation of the tip and water spray.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
authors.forename: Taichen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eguro
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003762:Dental Instruments; D004735:Energy Transfer / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005881:Gingiva / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011791:Quartz / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000528:radiation effects; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D011791:Quartz