title: Women may respond different from men to vitamin D supplementation regarding cardiometabolic biomarkers.
abstract: Evidence has revealed that vitamin D status is associated with the cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, few gender-specific analyses have been performed in the clinical trials regarding vitamin D supplementation. As a result, assessing gender differences regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on some cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the aim of present study. We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of a double blind placebo controlled study. Patients with NAFLD randomly allocated to receive one oral pearl consisting of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 (n = 27, 13 men and 14 women) or a placebo (n = 26, 13 men and 13 women) every 14 days for four months. Serum lipid profiles, aminotransferases, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin as well as insulin resistance and dietary intakes were assessed pre- and post-study. In both genders, serum 25(OH) D3 increased significantly (P < 0.001). This increase was accompanied by significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) (% of change: -7% in vitamin D vs. + 0.4% in placebo, P = 0.04) and LDL-C (%of change: -9.6% in vitamin D vs. -4% in placebo, P = 0.006) in women. However, in men, vitamin D supplementation increased the levels of serum TC (% of change: +9.2% in vitamin D vs. -10% in placebo, P = 0.02) with no significant effects on LDL-C. Moreover, vitamin D significantly reduced serum hs-CRP in women. The median daily calcium intake in both genders was well below the dietary reference intake for adults. In conclusion, improved vitamin D status might decrease serum TC and LDL-C levels as well as hs-CRP in women with NAFLD. However, it might increase serum TC in men who have low daily calcium intake. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 87159-88141, Iran Research Institute for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran rezaamani@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amani
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran.
authors.forename: Eskandar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hajiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheraghian
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D012737:Sex Factors; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D000637:Transaminases
keywords: Vitamin D; cardiometabolic biomarkers; gender; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
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