title: CHADS2 score predicts risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the correlation between the CHADS2 score and risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), we conducted a retrospective study in patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and compared its accuracy with previous scoring systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 539 patients who underwent elective PCI were enrolled. Based on their underlying diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease, CHADS2 score, R2CHADS2 score, and Mehran's risk score were calculated for each patient. Incidence of CIN was defined as a rise in serum creatinine >0.5 mg/dL or >25% increase in baseline within 48 hours after PCI. All study participants were followed up until October 2014, or until the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 55 cases (10.2%) of CIN and 90 cases (16.7%) of MACEs were identified after participants were followed up for 1.57 ± 1.46 years. The study cohort was divided into three groups according to CHADS2 scores: score 0, score 1-2, and score 3-6. In multivariate analysis, an increase of 1 point in the CHADS2 score was independently associated with a 37% increase in the risk of CIN (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.87; p = 0.048) and a 49% increase in MACEs (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.88, p = 0.001). In pairwise comparison, the discriminatory performance of CHADS2 score was not inferior to either R2CHADS2 score (p = 0.226) or Mehran's risk score (p = 0.075).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHADS2 score could be a simple and useful predictor for CIN in patients undergoing elective PCI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ruey-Hsing
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: huangbsvgh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Po-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuli Branch, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Bang
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shao-Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jaw-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shing-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: CHADS(2) score; contrast-induced nephropathy; coronary artery disease; percutaneous coronary intervention