title: [Effectiveness and safety of pulsatile GnRH pump therapy on female patients with IHH].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic effect of pulsatile GnRH (gonadorelin) pump on female patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, five female IHH patients were recruited. Patients were treated with pulsatile gonadorelin (10 µg per 90 min) via a pump for at least 12 weeks. Serum gonadotropins and sex steroid levels were measured, and menses were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one-week treatment, luteinizing hormone (LH) level increased from (2.2 ± 2.0) U/L to (5.4 ± 2.5) U/L (P=0.028), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) level increased from (3.7 ± 2.7) U/L to(6.3 ± 1.0) U/L (P=0.162), and estradiol (E2) level increased from (58 ± 13) pmol/L to (260 ± 97) pmol/L (P=0.011). Menstrual bleeding was observed in 4 patients after starting treatment for 35-55 days and two natural pregnancies were reported. No menstrual bleeding was reported in another patient. The frequency of pulsatile GnRH had to be adjusted according to endogenous GnRH secretion during the follicular phase of normal women and regular menses were induced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulsatile GnRH is effective in treating female IHH. A constant frequency of pulsatile GnRH is suitable for most of IHH patients. However, for those who failed to produce regular menses, adjusting pulsatile frequency to imitate the physiological rhythm of GnRH may be an alternative option.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jiangfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Email: wsheyan@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Bingkun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D004958:Estradiol; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006062:Gonadotropins; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C050866:progonadoliberin I; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone