title: Characteristics of bone metabolism markers during the healing of osteoporotic versus nonosteoporotic metaphyseal long bone fractures: a matched pair analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The activity and metabolism of fracture healing can be monitored quantitatively by measuring bone turnover markers (BTMs) in serum or urine. However, in osteoporotic bone, the exact metabolism processes during the healing of metaphyseal fractures remain unknown. There is no diagnostic approach which currently allows dynamic insight into the fracture healing processes in order to monitor the progression of healing and to assist in therapeutic decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2007 and February 2009, 30 patients over 50 years of age who suffered a metaphyseal fracture were included in our study. The levels of the osteoanabolic marker BAP (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and osteocatabolic marker β-CTX [crosslinked C-(CTX)-telopeptide-of-type-I-collagen] were monitored during the fracture healing of osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic fractures for a duration of 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an initial decrease of BAP in the first week, the BAP level steadily increased through the fourth week in both groups. The levels of BAP in the osteoporotic group surpassed the healthy group. β-CTX steadily increased in healthy bone up to the fourth week; in osteoporotic bone, β-CTX first increased and, thereafter, decreased from the first week onwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this work, the first molecular biological aspects of osteoporotic fracture healing have been uncovered, helping to explain the mechanisms of delayed fracture healing in osteoporotic bone. The early decrease of reduced β-CTX as well as elevated BAP during the healing process may be the first aspects within the delayed healing of osteoporotic bone. Further studies are necessary in order to achieve more detailed insight to fracture healing and to ascertain the progression of fracture healing as being essential (criteria) for therapeutic decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department for Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Care Centre, Clinic for Plastic Surgery of the University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany. leilakolios@freenet.de.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kolios
authors.affiliation: Department for Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hitzler
authors.affiliation: Department for Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: Department for Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takur
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Limbach, Im Breitspiel 15, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Gayk
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Legal Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 6, 69123, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Höner
authors.affiliation: Department for Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Care Centre, Clinic for Plastic Surgery of the University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnhardt
authors.affiliation: Department for Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grützner
authors.affiliation: Department for Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wölfl
keywords: BAP (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase); Bone turnover markers (BTMs); Fracture healing; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic fracture; β-CTX [crosslinked C-(CTX)-telopeptide-of-type-I-collagen]
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