title: An outbreak of norovirus infection associated with fermented oyster consumption in South Korea, 2013.
abstract: An acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreak was reported in May 2013 in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Eight students who had eaten breakfast on 21 May 2013 at a high-school restaurant exhibited AGE symptoms. Our case-control study showed that a strong association was observed between AGE symptoms and fermented oyster consumption. Virological studies also indicated that noroviruses (NoVs) were detected from both clinical samples and fermented oyster samples, and multiple different genotypes (genogroups GII.4, GII.11 and GII.14) of NoVs were present in both samples. The nucleotide sequence similarity between the strains found in the clinical samples and those in the fermented oysters was more than 99·5%. Therefore, to prevent further outbreaks, proper management of raw oysters is necessary and the food industry should be aware of the risk of viral gastroenteritis posed by fermented oysters contaminated with NoVs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Research,Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment,Suwon,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Korea Zoonosis Research Institute,Chonbuk National University,Iksan,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: An-Seong Public Health center,An-Seong,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Research,Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment,Suwon,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Food Microbiology Division,Food Safety Evaluation Department,National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation,Osong,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Research,Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment,Suwon,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Research,Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment,Suwon,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Research,Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment,Suwon,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology,College of Medicine,The Catholic University of Korea,Seoul,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Paik
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D012758:Shellfish / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins
keywords: Foodborne outbreak; gastroenteritis; norovirus; oysters
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