title: Milky spots: omental functional units and hotbeds for peritoneal cancer metastasis.
abstract: As the most common metastatic disease of abdomen pelvic cavity cancer, peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) renders significant negative impact on patient survival and quality of life. Invasive peritoneal exfoliated cancer cells (PECCs) preferentially select the omentum as a predominant target site for cancer cell colonization and proliferation compared with other tissues in the abdominal cavity. The precise pathogenic mechanism remains to be determined. As omental milky spots (MSs) are the major implantation site for malignant cells in peritoneal dissemination, researches on mechanisms of PC have been mainly focused on MS, primitive lymphoid tissues with unique structural features, and functional characteristics. To date, extensive biophysical and biochemical methods have been manipulated to investigate the MS exact function in the peritoneal cavity. This review summarized MS as hotbeds for PECC. The anatomical distribution was briefly described first. Then, MS histology was systematically reviewed, including morphological features, cellular constituents, and histological staining methods. At last, the roles of MS in PC pathological process were summarized with special emphasis on the distinct roles of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiuyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiafei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. liyansd2@163.com.|Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Tieyilu 10, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China. liyansd2@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary*; D002465:Cell Movement; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal; D009852:Omentum / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D010994:Pleura / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cancer; Invasion and metastasis; Omental milky spots; Peritoneal carcinomatosis
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