title: Control of ammonia and urea emissions from urea manufacturing facilities of Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC), Kuwait.
abstract: Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC) in Kuwait has mitigated the pollution problem of ammonia and urea dust by replacing the melting and prilling units of finished-product urea prills with an environmentally friendly granulation process. PIC has financed a research project conducted by the Coastal and Air Pollution Program's research staff at the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research to assess the impact of pollution control strategies implemented to maintain a healthy productive environment in and around the manufacturing premises. The project was completed in three phases: the first phase included the pollution monitoring of the melting and prilling units in full operation, the second phase covered the complete shutdown period where production was halted completely and granulation units were installed, and the last phase encompassed the current modified status with granulation units in full operation. There was substantial decrease in ammonia emissions, about 72%, and a 52.7% decrease in urea emissions with the present upgrading of old melting and prilling units to a state-of-the-art technology "granulation process" for a final finished product. The other pollutants, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have not shown any significant change, as the present modification has not affected the sources of these pollutants.
  
  
  
  Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC) in Kuwait has ammonia urea industries, and there were complaints about ammonia and urea dust pollution. PIC has resolved this problem by replacing "melting and prilling unit" of final product urea prills by more environmentally friendly "granulation unit." Environmental Pollution and Climate Program has been assigned the duty of assessing the outcome of this change and how that influenced ammonia and urea dust emissions from the urea manufacturing plant.
authors.affiliation: a Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center , Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Safat , Kuwait.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: a Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center , Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Safat , Kuwait.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Awadi
authors.affiliation: a Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center , Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Safat , Kuwait.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Rashidi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007730:Kuwait; D000072499:Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea