title: A comparative analysis of ESM-1 and vascular endothelial cell marker (CD34/CD105) expression on pituitary adenoma invasion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms that display invasive behavior-a characteristic traditionally associated with malignancy-through an ill-defined mechanism. The role of angiogenesis-related molecules in this pathological condition remains perplexing. Our purpose is to assess the impact of endocan (endothelial cell specific molecule-1, ESM-1), CD34 and CD105 on pituitary adenoma invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, immunohistochemical analyses for endocan, CD34 and CD105 were performed on paraffin-embedded samples of 66 pituitary adenomas, five normal pituitaries, and five primary hepatic carcinomas. Knosp tumor grades based on magnetic resonance imaging coronal scanning were used to assess the invasiveness of each sample. The associations between endocan expression, CD34/CD105-positive microvessel densities (MVDs), and Knosp tumor invasion grades were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These results showed that endocan protein expression in tumor cells (TCs) was higher than that in endothelial cells (ECs) and strongly correlated with Knosp grades (P < 0.001, Spearman's r = 0.616). Moreover, while endocan-positive TCs localized around the blood vessels in adenomas with higher Knosp grades, no significant association was found between CD34/CD105-MVDs and Knosp grades (CD34: P = 0.256, r = 0.142; CD105: P = 0.183, r = 0.166). Normal pituitary seemed to exhibit lower endocan expression and contained more CD34/CD105-MVDs than pituitary adenomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endocan expresses in both TCs and ECs of pituitary adenoma. Endocan overexpression in TCs more accurately reflects invasiveness compared to that of CD34/CD105-MVDs and that angiogenesis may not be the primary driver of endocan-medicated pituitary adenoma invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuesen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shusen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. yswang@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yisong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. dabiaozhou@163.com.
authors.forename: Dabiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071063:Endoglin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015415:Biomarkers; C064206:ENG protein, human; C101134:ESM1 protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans
keywords: Endocan; Immunohistochemistry; Pituitary adenoma; Tumor invasion
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