title: Gel-type autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage repair in patients with prior ACL reconstruction: A retrospective two year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the early patient-reported outcomes of articular cartilage repair in patients with pain due to grade III or IV articular cartilage defects after prior anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients underwent a gel-type autologous chondrocyte implantation (GACI) procedure after ACL reconstruction. Median timeframe between ACL reconstruction and GACI procedure was 52 months (range 16 to 369). The average age at chondrocyte implantation was 35 (standard deviation (SD) eight) years and average cumulative articular cartilage defect size was nine (SD four) square centimeter. Outcome was assessed prior to the GACI procedure and two years after GACI using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two year post-GACI scores showed a statistically significant improvement of IKDC (13, SD 22, p=.02) and KOOS quality of life (18, SD 27, p=.01) compared to the pre-GACI scores. The other KOOS domains did improve, but not statistically significant. Seven (37%) patients underwent reoperation after the GACI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with prior ACL reconstruction and suffering from ongoing pain associated with cartilage defects can benefit from cartilage repair with GACI.
authors.affiliation: Center for Orthopedic Research Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.c.duijvenbode@mca.nl.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: van Duijvenbode
authors.affiliation: Center for Orthopedic Research Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.j.jonkers@mca.nl.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jonkers
authors.affiliation: MOVE Research Institute, Faculty of Behaviourial en Movement Sciences Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: yvonnekunst@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Könst
authors.affiliation: Gemini Hospital Den Helder, Huisduinerweg 3, 1782 GZ Den Helder, The Netherlands. Electronic address: bj.vanroyen@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: van Royen
authors.affiliation: Gemini Hospital Den Helder, Huisduinerweg 3, 1782 GZ Den Helder, The Netherlands. Electronic address: benink@me.com.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Benink
authors.affiliation: Center for Orthopedic Research Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.j.m.hoozemans@vu.nl.
authors.forename: M J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hoozemans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
keywords: ACI; Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; Autologous chondrocyte implantation; Cartilage lesions