title: Microcirculation alterations in experimentally induced gingivitis in dogs.
abstract: The present study aimed to morphologically examine the gingival microvascular network using a microvascular resin cast (MRC) technique, and to investigate how inflammatory disease functionally affects gingival microcirculation using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). We used four beagle dogs with healthy periodontal tissue as experimental animals. To cause periodontal inflammation, dental floss was placed around the cervical neck portions of the right premolars. The unmanipulated left premolars served as controls, and received plaque control every 7 days. After 90 days, gingivitis was induced in the experimental side, while the control side maintained healthy gingiva. To perform morphological examinations, we used an MRC method involving the injection of low-viscosity synthetic resin into the blood vessels, leading to peripheral soft-tissue dissolution and permitting observation of the bone, teeth, and vascular cast. Gingival blood flow was estimated using an LDF meter. The control gingival vasculature showed hairpin-loop-like networks along the tooth surface. The blood vessels had diameters of 20-40 μm and were regularly arranged around the cervical portion. On the other hand, the vasculature in the experimental group was twisted and gathered into spiral forms, with blood vessels that had uneven surfaces and smaller diameters of 8-10 μm. LDF revealed reduced gingival blood flow in the group with experimentally induced gingivitis compared to controls. The actual measurements of gingival blood flow by LDF were in agreement with the alterations that would be expected based on the gingivitis-induced morphological alterations observed with the MRC technique.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan. m.matsuo@kdu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okudera
authors.affiliation: Division of Circulation Control for Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun-Suke
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Circulation Control for Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada-Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016319:Corrosion Casting / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008833:Microcirculation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow
keywords: Blood flow; Gingivitis; Microcirculation; Resin cast; SEM