title: Chemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials of essential oil of Rumex hastatus D. Don collected from the North West of Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethnomedicinally Rumex hastatus D. Don has been used since long for various ailments especially in neurological disorders. The reported data and the importance of Rumex genus demonstrate the vital medicinal value of R. hastatus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current investigational study, isolation of essential oil and its antioxidant and anticholinesterase assays were performed. The essential oil of R. hastatus was analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The essential oil was evaluated for anticholinesterase and antioxidant assays. The anticholinesterase assay was conducted at various concentrations (62.5 to 1000 μg/ml) against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Similarly, the antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH and ABTS free radicals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GC-MS analysis of essential oil showed 123 components. The result recorded for the anticholinesterase assays demonstrated a marked potential against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 32.54 and 97.38 μg/ml respectively which were comparable with the positive control i.e., galanthamine (AChE, IC50 = 4.73 μg/ml and BChE, IC50 = 11.09 μg/ml). The antioxidant assays against DPPH and ABTS free radicals also exhibited significant scavenging potential with IC50 values of 3.71 and 6.29 μg/ml respectively, while for ascorbic acid the IC50 value was <0.1 μg/ml against both free radicals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the current investigational studies, it may be concluded that R. hastatus is an effective source of essential oil's components having anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials, which after subjecting to drug development may lead to novel drug candidates against neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan. sajad4u2000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sajjad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan. farhataziz80@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan. sadiquom@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan. ayazuop@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan. imranbjr.khan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.affiliation: International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. imdadchem26@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Imdad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan. zeb.takor@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science &Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. pharmankhan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Farman
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. raza.shah@iccs.edu.
authors.forename: Muhammad Raza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry; D010154:Pakistan; D031804:Rumex / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009822:Oils, Volatile
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