title: Fruit Ripening Regulation of α-Mannosidase Expression by the MADS Box Transcription Factor RIPENING INHIBITOR and Ethylene.
abstract: α-Mannosidase (α-Man), a fruit ripening-specific N-glycan processing enzyme, is involved in ripening-associated fruit softening process. However, the regulation of fruit-ripening specific expression of α-Man is not well understood. We have identified and functionally characterized the promoter of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) α-Man to provide molecular insights into its transcriptional regulation during fruit ripening. Fruit ripening-specific activation of the α-Man promoter was revealed by analysing promoter driven expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter in transgenic tomato. We found that RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), a MADS box family transcription factor acts as positive transcriptional regulator of α-Man during fruit ripening. RIN directly bound to the α-Man promoter sequence and promoter activation/α-Man expression was compromised in rin mutant fruit. Deletion analysis revealed that a promoter fragment (567 bp upstream of translational start site) that contained three CArG boxes (binding sites for RIN) was sufficient to drive GUS expression in fruits. In addition, α-Man expression was down-regulated in fruits of Nr mutant which is impaired in ethylene perception and promoter activation/α-Man expression was induced in wild type following treatment with a precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Although, α-Man expression was induced in rin mutant after ACC treatment, the transcript level was less as compared to ACC-treated wild type. Taken together, these results suggest RIN-mediated direct transcriptional regulation of α-Man during fruit ripening and ethylene may acts in RIN-dependent and -independent ways to regulate α-Man expression.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irfan
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA.
authors.forename: Vijaykumar S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Meli
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Subhra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Asis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Datta
keywords: RIN; fruit ripening; fruit ripening-specific promoter; transcriptional regulation; α-Man
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