title: Reduction in camera-specific variability in [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT outcome measures by image reconstruction optimized for multisite settings: impact on age-dependence of the specific binding ratio in the ENC-DAT database of healthy controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative estimates of dopamine transporter availability, determined with [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT, depend on the SPECT equipment, including both hardware and (reconstruction) software, which limits their use in multicentre research and clinical routine. This study tested a dedicated reconstruction algorithm for its ability to reduce camera-specific intersubject variability in [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT. The secondary aim was to evaluate binding in whole brain (excluding striatum) as a reference for quantitative analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 73 healthy subjects from the European Normal Control Database of [(123)I]FP-CIT recruited at six centres, 70 aged between 20 and 82 years were included. SPECT images were reconstructed using the QSPECT software package which provides fully automated detection of the outer contour of the head, camera-specific correction for scatter and septal penetration by transmission-dependent convolution subtraction, iterative OSEM reconstruction including attenuation correction, and camera-specific "to kBq/ml" calibration. LINK and HERMES reconstruction were used for head-to-head comparison. The specific striatal [(123)I]FP-CIT binding ratio (SBR) was computed using the Southampton method with binding in the whole brain, occipital cortex or cerebellum as the reference. The correlation between SBR and age was used as the primary quality measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fraction of SBR variability explained by age was highest (1) with QSPECT, independently of the reference region, and (2) with whole brain as the reference, independently of the reconstruction algorithm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QSPECT reconstruction appears to be useful for reduction of camera-specific intersubject variability of [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT in multisite and single-site multicamera settings. Whole brain excluding striatal binding as the reference provides more stable quantitative estimates than occipital or cerebellar binding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ralph.buchert@charite.de.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buchert
authors.affiliation: ABX-CRO advanced pharmaceutical services Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tossici-Bolt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.affiliation: ABX-CRO advanced pharmaceutical services Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asenbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Booij
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: L Özlem
authors.initials: LÖ
authors.lastname: Atay Kapucu
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svarer
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Malick
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Koulibaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sabri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Euromedic Szeged, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Terez
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sera
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Municipal Hospital of Karlsruhe Inc, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsch
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Division, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU Namur, IREC, Yvoir, Belgium.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vander Borght
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Laere
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varrone
authors.affiliation: National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center - Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iida
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016208:Databases, Factual; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005060:Europe; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014326:Tropanes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane
keywords: Age; Dopamine transporter scintigraphy; ENC-DAT; QSPECT; Specific binding ratio; [123I]FP-CIT
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