title: Characterizing tissue stiffness at the tip of a rigid needle using an opto-mechanical force sensor.
abstract: We present a novel device that allows the user to measure the Young Modulus of a material at the opening of a 5 mm diameter needle. The device relies on a miniaturized cantilever spring mounted at the end of the needle and interrogated via Fabry-Pérot optical fiber interferometry. The probe is repetitively brought in and out of contact with the sample at the end of the needle by means of a steel cable that is controlled via a piezoelectric actuator located at the proximal end. We demonstrate the ability of our device to detect and quantify layers of varying stiffness during needle insertion in a gelatin phantom and to successfully locate tissue boundaries in bovine liver tissue embedded in gelatin.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.v.beekmans@vu.nl.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Beekmans
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iannuzzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D008099:Liver; D009339:Needles
keywords: Ferrule-top technology; In situ indentation; Interferometry; Micromechanics; Minimally invasive instrument; Remote actuation; Tissue Stiffness
references.citation: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2011 Oct;21(5):530-7
references.pmid: 21840706
references.citation: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009 Jun;62(6):713-20
references.pmid: 19303834
references.citation: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2015 Jul;36(7):769-82
references.pmid: 26027658
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 May;3(5):362-74
references.pmid: 12724734
references.citation: Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):314-21
references.pmid: 18480812
references.citation: IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2005 Nov-Dec;24(6):40-7
references.pmid: 16382804
references.citation: J Biomech. 2001 Dec;34(12):1545-53
references.pmid: 11716856
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2000 Dec;122(6):570-5
references.pmid: 11192376
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2015 Nov 11;15(11):7773-8
references.pmid: 26488684
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2012 Nov;7(11):757-65
references.pmid: 23085644
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 1;49(3):2520-5
references.pmid: 19539039
references.citation: Rev Sci Instrum. 2012 Nov;83(11):115110
references.pmid: 23206101
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Oct 3;374(4):609-13
references.pmid: 18656442
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29888
references.pmid: 22276134
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2009 Mar;4(3):186-92
references.pmid: 19265849
references.citation: Soft Matter. 2016 Mar 28;12(12):3066-73
references.pmid: 26908197
references.citation: J Biomech. 2010 Dec 1;43(16):3091-8
references.pmid: 20817164
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Sep;34(3):494-8
references.pmid: 21751286
references.citation: Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2011 Jun;17(3):155-64
references.pmid: 21303220
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):C1-11
references.pmid: 15189819
references.citation: PLoS One. 2015 Jul 23;10(7):e0133632
references.pmid: 26204529
references.citation: Burns. 2004 Mar;30(2):109-14
references.pmid: 15019116
references.citation: Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):1240104
references.pmid: 23990565
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2010 Sep;7(9):733-6
references.pmid: 20676108
references.citation: Methods Cell Biol. 2015;125:211-35
references.pmid: 25640431
references.citation: Eur Cell Mater. 2001 Jan 10;1:12-7
references.pmid: 14562266
references.citation: J Biomech. 2011 Sep 2;44(13):2356-61
references.pmid: 21794867