title: Continuous presence of male on estrus onset, estrus duration, and ovulation in estrus-synchronized Boer goats.
abstract: The objectives of the present study were to assess the effect of permanent contact of teasers without copulation on the interval from controlled internal drug release (CIDR) removal to estrus onset, estrus duration, ovulation time, number of ovulations, and interval from CIDR removal to ovulation time on estrus-synchronized Boer goats. During the fall season, a controlled randomized design experiment with two groups, control (CON; n = 18) and treatment (TRE; n = 18), was performed. The TRE group was maintained permanently in a pen with an aproned buck immediately after CIDR removal. The CON group was maintained in a different pen without permanent exposure to the male. All females were estrus synchronized with CIDR maintained in the vagina for 7 days and received 50 μg of GnRH im at device insertion and 5 mg of natural prostaglandin F-2α at device removal. Females were considered to be in estrus when they accepted mounting by the aproned bucks. Estrus was detected four times a day after CIDR removal (at 6 AM, 12 noon, 6 PM, and 12 midnight) using bucks with canvas apron as teasers. The ovulation time and number of ovulations were assessed by transrectal ultrasonography starting 24 hours after estrus onset and repeated every 6 hours until complete ovulation was detected. The estrus onset for the CON group was 44.0 ± 8.3 hours and for the TRE group, it was 37.0 ± 7.7 hours (P = 0.01). Estrus duration from the CON group was 43.7 ± 9.2 hours and for the TRE group, it was 38.3 ± 6.6 hours (P = 0.05). The first, last, and mean ovulation times for the CON group were 32.4 ± 5.3, 38.4 ± 3.4, and 35.4 ± 3.9 hours, and for the TRE group, the times were 31.8 ± 2.8, 36.7 ± 3.0, and 35.8 ± 3.6 hours, respectively (P = 0.85, P = 0.23, and P = 0.82, respectively). The number of ovulations for the CON and TRE groups was 2.6 ± 0.7 and 2.6 ± 0.6 ovulations, respectively (P = 0.96). The interval time for CIDR removal to ovulation for the CON group was 79.2 ± 8.2 hours and for the TRE group, the interval time was 73.2 ± 6.2 hours (P = 0.05). It was concluded that the permanent presence of male without copulation with estrus-synchronized does hastened estrus onset, reduced estrus duration, and decreased the interval time from CIDR removal to ovulation without modification of ovulation time and number of ovulations in Boer goats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. Electronic address: jromano@cvm.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Abdalhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Victor O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amstalden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D004973:Estrus Synchronization / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost
keywords: Estrous synchronization; Estrus; Estrus duration; Goat; Male effect; Ovulation