title: Effectiveness of insole use in rheumatoid feet: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of foot orthoses with regard to pain, function, quality of life, and global perceived effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was carried out. Eighty women with RA were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG). The EG used an insole with metatarsal and medial arch supports and the CG used a flat insole for 6 months. Evaluations performed at baseline and after 45, 90, and 180 days by a blinded assessor were: foot pain while walking and at rest, function, quality of life, and global perceived effect with treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were homogeneous for all parameters at baseline. A statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) was found in the EG regarding pain while walking (mean difference: -2.2 for the right foot and -2.1 for the left foot) and at rest (mean difference: -0.3 for the right foot and -0.5 for the left foot) in comparison to CG. There were no differences in any other observed measures. The time of insole use correlated with foot pain and function in the EG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot orthoses with metatarsal and medial arch supports decreases pain during walking and at rest in both feet in patients with RA. Time of insole use correlated with improvements in pain and function.
authors.affiliation: a Rheumatology Division , Federal University of São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: a Rheumatology Division , Federal University of São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: a Rheumatology Division , Federal University of São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: a Rheumatology Division , Federal University of São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.affiliation: b Radiology Division , Federal University of São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Arc
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: a Rheumatology Division , Federal University of São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Natour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D061826:Foot Orthoses; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D016138:Walking