title: Gut microbiota imbalance and colorectal cancer.
abstract: The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome caused by environmental changes (e.g., infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Colorectal cancer is a complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells and a large amount of micro-organisms, and the involvement of the microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Indeed, many changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting a major role of dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis. Some bacterial species have been identified and suspected to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, such as Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium septicum, Fusobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli. The potential pro-carcinogenic effects of these bacteria are now better understood. In this review, we discuss the possible links between the bacterial microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis, focusing on dysbiosis and the potential pro-carcinogenic properties of bacteria, such as genotoxicity and other virulence factors, inflammation, host defenses modulation, bacterial-derived metabolism, oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defenses modulation. We lastly describe how bacterial microbiota modifications could represent novel prognosis markers and/or targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gagnière
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raisch
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veziant
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barnich
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buc
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Agnès
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bringer
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pezet
authors.affiliation: Johan Gagnière, Jennifer Raisch, Julie Veziant, Nicolas Barnich, Richard Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Denis Pezet, Mathilde Bonnet, Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004249:DNA Damage; D064806:Dysbiosis; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Cyclomodulin; Dysbiosis; Gut microbiota; Oxidative stress
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