title: The Role of Medical Imaging in the Recharacterization of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Youth Sports as a Laboratory.
abstract: The short- and long-term impact of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly vital concern for both military and civilian personnel. Such injuries produce significant social and financial burdens and necessitate improved diagnostic and treatment methods. Recent integration of neuroimaging and biomechanical studies in youth collision-sport athletes has revealed that significant alterations in brain structure and function occur even in the absence of traditional clinical markers of "concussion." While task performance is maintained, athletes exposed to repetitive head accelerations exhibit structural changes to the underlying white matter, altered glial cell metabolism, aberrant vascular response, and marked changes in functional network behavior. Moreover, these changes accumulate with accrued years of exposure, suggesting a cumulative trauma mechanism that may culminate in categorization as "concussion" and long-term neurological deficits. The goal of this review is to elucidate the role of medical imaging in recharacterizing TBI, as a whole, to better identify at-risk individuals and improve the development of preventative and interventional approaches.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Talavage
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nauman
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA.
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Leverenz
keywords: concussion; functional MRI; magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; subconcussive; traumatic brain injury
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