title: Associations of depression status and hopelessness with breast cancer: A 24-year follow-up study.
abstract: This study extended the literature by examining whether three profiles of depression predicted breast cancer status. In 1076 women of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, depression status and hopelessness were measured at baseline and breast cancer status was ascertained 24 years later. Double depression, but not major depression or dysthymia, was associated with breast cancer. Hopelessness predicted fewer new cases of breast cancer. When double depression and hopelessness were simultaneously entered as predictors, the regression weights of both predictors increased. The role of severe and extended duration depression as well as possible explanations for unexpected findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Louisville, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Louisville, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pössel
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Van Voorhees
authors.affiliation: 3 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Eaton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000073116:Cancer Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: breast cancer; double depression; dysthymia; hopelessness; longitudinal design; major depression