title: Skeletal muscle atrogene expression and insulin resistance in a rat model of polytrauma.
abstract: Polytrauma is a combination of injuries to more than one body part or organ system. Polytrauma is common in warfare, and in automobile and industrial accidents. The combination of injuries can include burn, fracture, hemorrhage, and trauma to the extremities or specific organ systems. Resistance to anabolic hormones, loss of muscle mass, and metabolic dysfunction can occur following injury. To investigate the effects of combined injuries, we have developed a highly reproducible rodent model of polytrauma. This model combines burn injury, soft tissue trauma, and penetrating injury to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and subjected to a 15-20% total body surface area scald burn, or laparotomy and a single puncture of the cecum with a G30 needle, or the combination of both injuries (polytrauma). In the current studies, the inflammatory response to polytrauma was examined in skeletal muscle. Changes in skeletal muscle mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were observed following single injuries and polytrauma. Increased expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases Atrogin-1/FBX032 and TRIM63/MuRF-1 were measured following injury, as was skeletal muscle insulin resistance, as evidenced by decreased insulin-inducible insulin receptor (IR) and AKT/PKB (Protein Kinase B) phosphorylation. Changes in the abundance of IR and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) were observed at the protein and mRNA levels. Additionally, increased TRIB3 mRNA levels were observed 24 h following polytrauma, the same time when insulin resistance was observed. This may suggest a role for TRIB3 in the development of acute insulin resistance following injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Akscyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Tatyana A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gavrikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Vetrans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama messinaj@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Messina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C502443:Trib3 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Burn; TRIB3; cecal ligation and puncture; insulin signaling; proinflammatory cytokines; skeletal muscle atrophy
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