title: Biocomputing nanoplatforms as therapeutics and diagnostics.
abstract: Biocomputing nanoplatforms are designed to detect and integrate single or multiple inputs under defined algorithms, such as Boolean logic gates, and generate functionally useful outputs, such as delivery of therapeutics or release of optically detectable signals. Using sensing modules composed of small molecules, polymers, nucleic acids, or proteins/peptides, nanoplatforms have been programmed to detect and process extrinsic stimuli, such as magnetic fields or light, or intrinsic stimuli, such as nucleic acids, enzymes, or pH. Stimulus detection can be transduced by the nanomaterial via three different mechanisms: system assembly, system disassembly, or system transformation. The increasingly sophisticated suite of biocomputing nanoplatforms may be invaluable for a multitude of applications, including medical diagnostics, biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and delivery of therapeutics to target cell populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Thadani
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address: jsuh@rice.edu.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D039301:Computers, Molecular; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D036103:Nanotechnology
keywords: Boolean logic; Drug delivery; Gene therapy; Imaging agents; Logic gates; Nanoparticle; Review; Stimulus responsive; Targeted delivery
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2015 Jan 4;51(1):93-6
references.pmid: 25383506
references.citation: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Aug 27;6(16):14486-92
references.pmid: 25089841
references.citation: J R Soc Interface. 2015 May 6;12(106):
references.pmid: 25808341
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2013 May;34(14):3647-57
references.pmid: 23415642
references.citation: J Drug Target. 2007 Jan;15(1):1-20
references.pmid: 17365270
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2002 Aug;20(8):816-20
references.pmid: 12134166
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2008 Oct 28;2(10):2160-6
references.pmid: 19206463
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2009 Dec;9(12):4564-9
references.pmid: 19928782
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2012 Mar 12;13(3):857-66
references.pmid: 22296556
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Sep 7;47(33):9435-7
references.pmid: 21779550
references.citation: J Control Release. 2008 Mar 20;126(3):187-204
references.pmid: 18261822
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2008 Sep;8(9):2993-7
references.pmid: 18700803
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2013 May 14;49(39):4196-8
references.pmid: 23133834
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2014 May 27;8(5):4740-6
references.pmid: 24796495
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jun;23(6):741-5
references.pmid: 15908940
references.citation: Chemistry. 2011 May 2;17(19):5319-26
references.pmid: 21465587
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Nov 12;130(45):14934-5
references.pmid: 18937463
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2007 May 16;129(19):6064-5
references.pmid: 17447766
references.citation: Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1993;4(2):197-250
references.pmid: 8435466
references.citation: Macromol Rapid Commun. 2011 Mar 2;32(5):451-5
references.pmid: 21433198
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2014 Sep;9(9):716-22
references.pmid: 25129073
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2014 Aug 1;588(15):2537-44
references.pmid: 24844435
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Feb;15(2):95-107
references.pmid: 24434884
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2014;5:3043
references.pmid: 24448217
references.citation: Nanoscale. 2014 Aug 7;6(15):8990-6
references.pmid: 24969570
references.citation: Adv Mater. 2014 Feb;26(7):1111-7
references.pmid: 24243760
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jun 10;131(22):7540-1
references.pmid: 19453179
references.citation: J R Soc Interface. 2009 Jun 6;6 Suppl 3:S293-309
references.pmid: 19324682
references.citation: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Jun 25;6(12):9557-62
references.pmid: 24830828
references.citation: Circ Res. 2003 May 2;92(8):827-39
references.pmid: 12730128
references.citation: Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):831-4
references.pmid: 22344439
references.citation: J Mater Chem B. 2014 Jun 7;2(21):3333-3339
references.pmid: 32261596
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 19;131(32):11344-6
references.pmid: 19624127
references.citation: Bioconjug Chem. 2011 Jul 20;22(7):1416-21
references.pmid: 21688843
references.citation: J Control Release. 2013 Sep 10;170(2):252-8
references.pmid: 23702235
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2010 May;11(5):367-79
references.pmid: 20395970
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Apr 26;50(18):4103-7
references.pmid: 21452185
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2012 Jun;33(18):4576-88
references.pmid: 22445255