title: Stem cells of the suture mesenchyme in craniofacial bone development, repair and regeneration.
abstract: The suture mesenchyme serves as a growth centre for calvarial morphogenesis and has been postulated to act as the niche for skeletal stem cells. Aberrant gene regulation causes suture dysmorphogenesis resulting in craniosynostosis, one of the most common craniofacial deformities. Owing to various limitations, especially the lack of suture stem cell isolation, reconstruction of large craniofacial bone defects remains highly challenging. Here we provide the first evidence for an Axin2-expressing stem cell population with long-term self-renewing, clonal expanding and differentiating abilities during calvarial development and homeostastic maintenance. These cells, which reside in the suture midline, contribute directly to injury repair and skeletal regeneration in a cell autonomous fashion. Our findings demonstrate their true identity as skeletal stem cells with innate capacities to replace the damaged skeleton in cell-based therapy, and permit further elucidation of the stem cell-mediated craniofacial skeletogenesis, leading to revealing the complex nature of congenital disease and regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14642 New York, USA.|Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14642 New York, USA.
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14642 New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jaeim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14642 New York, USA.
authors.forename: Tzong-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14642 New York, USA.|Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14642 New York, USA.|Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14642 New York, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012886:Skull / Q000502:physiology*
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