title: Enzootic Arbovirus Surveillance in Forest Habitat and Phylogenetic Characterization of Novel Isolates of Gamboa Virus in Panama.
abstract: Landscape changes occurring in Panama, a country whose geographic location and climate have historically supported arbovirus transmission, prompted the hypothesis that arbovirus prevalence increases with degradation of tropical forest habitats. Investigations at four variably degraded sites revealed a diverse array of potential mosquito vectors, several of which are known vectors of arbovirus pathogens. Overall, 675 pools consisting of 25,787 mosquitoes and representing 29 species from nine genera (collected at ground and canopy height across all habitats) were screened for cytopathic viruses on Vero cells. We detected four isolates of Gamboa virus (family:Bunyaviridae; genus:Orthobunyavirus) from pools of Aedeomyia squamipennis captured at canopy level in November 2012. Phylogenetic characterization of complete genome sequences shows the new isolates to be closely related to each other with strong evidence of reassortment among the M segment of Panamanian Gamboa isolates and several other viruses of this group. At the site yielding viruses, Soberanía National Park in central Panama, 18 mosquito species were identified, and the predominant taxa included A. squamipennis,Coquillettidia nigricans, and Mansonia titillans.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas gieastwo@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eastwood
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Loaiza
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Montira J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pongsiri
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Oris I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Sanjur
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pecor
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Auguste
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001103:Arboviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology; D017753:Ecosystem; D065928:Forests; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016851:Orthobunyavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D010176:Panama; D010802:Phylogeny; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
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