title: Bone density effects on the success rate of orthodontic microimplants evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone densities on the success rate of orthodontic microimplants with cone-beam computed tomography images.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 127 orthodontic microimplants implanted into the maxillary buccal alveolar bone of 71 patients (53 female, 18 male; mean age, 19.2 years) with malocclusion. The cortical, cancellous, and total bone densities were measured with Simplant Pro 2011 software (version 13; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium), and the correlations between these measurements and the orthodontic microimplant success rates were evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate was 85.0% (108 of 127). Sex, age, and side of placement were not significant factors for success in the results (P >0.05). The density of the cortical bone increased apically (3, 5, and 7 mm) from the alveolar crest, but in the cancellous bone it decreased. Whereas the orthodontic microimplant success rates significantly increased as cancellous bone density and total bone density increased (P <0.01), cortical bone density did not have a significant effect on the success rate (P >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate of orthodontic microimplants significantly increased with higher cancellous and total bone densities, whereas cortical bone density did not have a significant effect.
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Professor and chair, Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, Mesa, Ariz; adjunct professor, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Clinical associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea; visiting scholar, Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A. T. Still University, Mesa, Ariz; instructor, The Charles H. Tweed International Foundation, Tucson, Ariz. Electronic address: jongmoon@wonkwang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-Moon
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants