title: Preliminary experience with Precipitating Hydrophobic Injectable Liquid (PHIL) in treating cerebral AVMs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe our early experience in treating cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with the new Precipitating Hydrophobic Injectable Liquid (PHIL) embolic material.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June and August 2015 five patients with cerebral AVMs were treated at two tertiary university hospitals. PHIL was used as complementary treatment to Onyx liquid embolic material or as the sole endovascular treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients (average age 39 years (range 19-73)) with ruptured plexiform AVMs were treated. The group included one patient with Spetzler-Martin grade II AVMs, three grade III, and one grade IV. One grade II and two grade III AVMs were cured. A total of nine pedicles were embolized with an average of two pedicles per session. There were no procedural complications. One patient had a seizure after embolization but a brain CT scan showed no hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHIL is a new embolic agent that can be used for the treatment of cerebral AVMs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Neuroradiology/Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.|Departamento de Neuroradiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Edgar A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Samaniego
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalousek
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neuroradiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abdo
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Neuroradiology/Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortega-Gutierrez
keywords: Arteriovenous Malformation; Embolic; Liquid Embolic Material