title: Multiplexed detection of lectins using integrated glycan-coated microring resonators.
abstract: We present the systematic design, fabrication, and characterization of a multiplexed label-free lab-on-a-chip biosensor using silicon nitride (SiN) microring resonators. Sensor design is addressed through a systematic approach that enables optimizing the sensor according to the specific noise characteristics of the setup. We find that an optimal 6 dB undercoupled resonator consumes 40% less power in our platform to achieve the same limit-of-detection as the conventional designs using critically coupled resonators that have the maximum light-matter interaction. We lay out an optimization framework that enables the generalization of our method for any type of optical resonator and noise characteristics. The device is fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process, and an efficient swabbing lift-off technique is introduced for the deposition of the protective oxide layer. This technique increases the lift-off quality and yield compared to common lift-off methods based on agitation. The complete sensor system, including microfluidic flow cell and surface functionalization with glycan receptors, is tested for the multiplexed detection of Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL) and Sambucus Nigra Lectin (SNA). Further analysis shows that the sensor limit of detection is 2 × 10(-6) RIU for bulk refractive index, 1 pg/mm(2) for surface-adsorbed mass, and ∼ 10 pM for the glycan/lectins studied here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.
authors.forename: Ehsan Shah
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Xuezheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gottfried
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.
authors.forename: Maysamreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamanzar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.
authors.forename: Mehrsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raeiszadeh
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Eftekhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA. Electronic address: ali.adibi@gatech.edu.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adibi
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000737:chemistry; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C064549:lectin, Aleuria aurantia; C032734:silicon nitride
keywords: Biosensor; Glycoprotein; Nanophotonics; Noise; Sensor Optimization