title: Fluorescent Protein Aided Insights on Plastids and their Extensions: A Critical Appraisal.
abstract: Multi-colored fluorescent proteins targeted to plastids have provided new insights on the dynamic behavior of these organelles and their interactions with other cytoplasmic components and compartments. Sub-plastidic components such as thylakoids, stroma, the inner and outer membranes of the plastid envelope, nucleoids, plastoglobuli, and starch grains have been efficiently highlighted in living plant cells. In addition, stroma filled membrane extensions called stromules have drawn attention to the dynamic nature of the plastid and its interactions with the rest of the cell. Use of dual and triple fluorescent protein combinations has begun to reveal plastid interactions with mitochondria, the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum and F-actin and suggests integral roles of plastids in retrograde signaling, cell to cell communication as well as plant-pathogen interactions. While the rapid advances and insights achieved through fluorescent protein based research on plastids are commendable it is necessary to endorse meaningful observations but subject others to closer scrutiny. Here, in order to develop a better and more comprehensive understanding of plastids and their extensions we provide a critical appraisal of recent information that has been acquired using targeted fluorescent protein probes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delfosse
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wozny
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Erica-Ashley
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jaipargas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kiah A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Cole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jaideep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathur
keywords: fluorescent proteins; photoconvertible fluorescent protein; plastids; retrograde signaling; stroma; stromules
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