title: Levels and potential health risk of heavy metals in marketed vegetables in Zhejiang, China.
abstract: The present study analyzed 5785 vegetables for concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Hg, and estimated the health risk to local consumers by deterministic (point estimates) approaches. Levels of elements varied in different vegetables. Average levels of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg and Pb were 0.013, 0.017, 0.057, 0.002, 0.094 and 0.034 mg/kg (fresh weight), respectively. The samples with 0.25% for Cd and 1.56% for Pb were exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) set by the Chinese Health Ministry. No obvious regular geographical distribution for these metals in vegetables was found in areas of Zhejiang, China. The mean and 97.5 percentile levels of heavy metal and metalloid were used to present the mean and high exposure assessment. The health indices (HIs) were less than the threshold of 1 both in mean and high exposure assessment. It indicates that for the general people there is very low health risk to As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Hg by vegetable intake.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ping-Gu
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Gen
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy
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