title: Recent advances in testing of microsphere drug delivery systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This review discusses advances in the field of microsphere testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro release-testing methods such as sample and separate, dialysis membrane sacs and USP apparatus IV have been used for microspheres. Based on comparisons of these methods, USP apparatus IV is currently the method of choice. Accelerated in vitro release tests have been developed to shorten the testing time for quality control purposes. In vitro-in vivo correlations using real-time and accelerated release data have been developed, to minimize the need to conduct in vivo performance evaluation. Storage stability studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of various environmental factors on microsphere quality throughout the product shelf life. New tests such as the floating test and the in vitro wash-off test have been developed along with advancement in characterization techniques for other physico-chemical parameters such as particle size, drug content, and thermal properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although significant developments have been made in microsphere release testing, there is still a lack of guidance in this area. Microsphere storage stability studies should be extended to include microspheres containing large molecules. An agreement needs to be reached on the use of particle sizing techniques to avoid inconsistent data. An approach needs to be developed to determine total moisture content of microspheres.
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Janki V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Andhariya
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Diane J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: In vitro and in vivo release testing; in vitro-in vivo correlation; large molecule therapeutics; microspheres; physico-chemical properties; storage stability study