title: Distribution of genital human papillomavirus genotypes in benign clinical manifestations among men from Northern Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the literature, data on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men vary significantly and the exact distribution of specific genotypes is still unclear. As infections usually occur without symptoms, men might only attend their hospital clinic when they have a specific concern, being in most cases genital warts (condylomas), which are often caused by low-risk HPV genotypes. The aim of this study was to assess HPV genotype distribution and prevalence among men attending hospital for HPV-associated conditions and to evaluate infection-associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from men with clinical manifestations of HPV-related infections seen during 2007-2012 at the Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Control Department at Basurto University Hospital were genotyped using Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test kit (Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Germany). Data on probable risk factors were collected and investigated for possible association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 184 anogenital samples, 138 (75 %) were tested as positive for HPV; 57 (41.3 %) single HPV infections and 81 (58.7 %) multiple infections. Only 45.6 % of HPV-positive samples presented low-risk genotypes 6 or 11, whereas 71/138 (51.4 %) had at least one oncogenic (high-risk) genotype. Oncogenic genotypes and multiple HPV infections were both associated with a higher number of lifetime sexual partners and their incidence appeared to increase with patient age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although it is accepted that HPV 6 and 11 genotypes are main causes of condylomas, our findings show a high incidence of multiple infections and high-risk genotypes in men with benign HPV manifestations. The fact that the condyloma is a skin lesion facilitates the entry of virus into cells and thus cancer progression; therefore, monitoring for HPV is important, especially in those patients with high-risk genotypes (regardless of whether they cause condyloma).
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L Sara
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, School of Medicine, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain. miren.basaras@ehu.es.
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basaras
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, School of Medicine, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Elixabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arrese
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avda de Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernáez
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avda de Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Valentín
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, School of Medicine, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.|Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avda de Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cisterna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
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