title: Bilateral single-session retrograde intra-renal surgery: A safe option for renal stones up to 1.5 cm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of treatment outcomes in patients undergoing bilateral single-session retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) for bilateral renal stones up to 1.5 cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 74 patients was done with bilateral renal calculi, who underwent bilateral single-session RIRS at our stone referral hospital from December 2011 to May 2014. The selection criteria for this intervention were patient's preference, failure of other treatments and stone up to 1.5 cm. Patients with creatinine more than 2, pyonephrosis sepsis, bilateral impacted pelviureteric junction calculi were excluded from study. All patients were evaluated with serum biochemistry, urinalysis, urine culture, plain radiography of kidney-ureter-bladder, intravenous urography, renal ultrasonography (USG) and/or computed tomography (CT). Follow-up evaluation included serum biochemistry and postoperative plain film and renal USG. The success rate was defined as patients who were stone-free or only had a residual fragment of less than 4 mm. CT was conducted only in patients with residual stones, which were present in seven patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 74 patients (50 male, 24 female) with a mean age 39.2 ± 15.2 were included in the present study. The mean stone size was 11.7 ± 2.4 mm. The stone-free rates were 86.84% and 97.29% after the first and second procedures, respectively. In eight patients (10.8%), minor complications were observed, whereas no major complications were noted in the studied group. There was no significant difference in pre- and post-operative serum creatinine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with bilateral renal stones up to 1.5 cm bilateral single-session RIRS with flexible ureteroscope can be safely performed with low complication rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, RG Stone and Super Speciality Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Punit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, CMC and H, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Neeru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, RG Stone and Super Speciality Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, CMC and H, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singla
keywords: Bilateral; retrograde intra-renal surgery; single-session
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