title: Antifouling coatings based on covalently cross-linked agarose film via thermal azide-alkyne cycloaddition.
abstract: Coatings based on thin films of agarose-poly(ethylene glycol) (Agr-PEG) cross-linked systems are developed as environmentally-friendly and fouling-resistant marine coatings. The Agr-PEG cross-linked systems were prepared via thermal azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) using azido-functionalized Agr (AgrAz) and activated alkynyl-containing poly(2-propiolamidoethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) P(PEMA-co-PEGMEMA) random copolymers as the precursors. The Agr-PEG cross-linked systems were further deposited onto a SS surface, pre-functionalized with an alkynyl-containing biomimetic anchor, dopamine propiolamide, to form a thin film after thermal treatment. The thin film-coated SS surfaces can effectively reduce the adhesion of marine algae and the settlement of barnacle cyprids. Upon covalent cross-linking, the covalently cross-linked Agr-PEG films coated SS surfaces exhibit good stability in flowing artificial seawater, and enhanced resistance to the settlement of barnacle cyprids, in comparison to that of the surfaces coated with physically cross-linked AgrAz films.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Li Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Dicky
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pranantyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Koon-Gee
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Neoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Electronic address: cheket@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: En-Tang
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119223, Singapore. Electronic address: tmsteolm@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Serena Lay-Ming
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, PR China.
authors.forename: Guo Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000480:Alkynes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D061565:Cycloaddition Reaction; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D001468:Thoracica / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D001386:Azides; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; C524499:polyethylene glycol methacrylate; D013193:Stainless Steel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012685:Sepharose
keywords: Agarose; Antifouling; Copper-free; Thermal azide-alkyne cycloaddition