title: Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Physiological Effects of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) Flame Retardants in Marine Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis).
abstract: Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a proposed alternative to the legacy flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), a major component of Deca-BDE formulations. In contrast to BDE-209, toxicity data for DP are scarce and often focused on mice. Validated dietary in vivo exposure of the marine bivalve (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to both flame retardants did not induce effects at the physiological level (algal clearance rate), but induced DNA damage, as determined by the comet assay, at all concentrations tested. Micronuclei formation was induced by both DP and BDE-209 at the highest exposure concentrations (100 and 200 μg/L, respectively, at 18% above controls). DP caused effects similar to those by BDE-209 but at lower exposure concentrations (5.6, 56, and 100 μg/L for DP and 56, 100, and 200 μg/L for BDE-209). Moreover, bioaccumulation of DP was shown to be concentration dependent, in contrast to BDE-209. The results described suggest that DP poses a greater genotoxic potential than BDE-209.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Awantha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dissanayake
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilà-Cano
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.|School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.|Plymouth Marine Laboratory , Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Readman
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Awadhesh N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eljarrat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.|Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona , Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; C526360:dechlorane plus; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether