title: An illustrative review to understand and manage metal-induced artifacts in musculoskeletal MRI: a primer and updates.
abstract: This article reviews and explains the basic physical principles of metal-induced MRI artifacts, describes simple ways to reduce them, and presents specific reduction solutions. Artifacts include signal loss, pile-up artifacts, geometric distortion, and failure of fat suppression. Their nature and origins are reviewed and explained though schematic representations that ease the understanding. Then, optimization of simple acquisition parameters is detailed. Lastly, dedicated sequences and options specifically developed to reduce metal artifacts (VAT, SEMAC, and MAVRIC) are explained.
authors.affiliation: Medical imaging department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 10 Av. Molière, F- 67098, Strasbourg, France.|Icube, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Translational Medicine Research Federation, Strasbourg Medical School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dillenseger
authors.affiliation: Medical imaging department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 10 Av. Molière, F- 67098, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molière
authors.affiliation: Medical imaging department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 10 Av. Molière, F- 67098, Strasbourg, France.|Icube, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Translational Medicine Research Federation, Strasbourg Medical School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choquet
authors.affiliation: Medical imaging department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 10 Av. Molière, F- 67098, Strasbourg, France.|Icube, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Translational Medicine Research Federation, Strasbourg Medical School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.affiliation: Icube, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Translational Medicine Research Federation, Strasbourg Medical School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Department of orthopedic surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ehlinger
authors.affiliation: Medical imaging department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 10 Av. Molière, F- 67098, Strasbourg, France. guillaume.bierry@chru-strasbourg.fr.|Icube, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. guillaume.bierry@chru-strasbourg.fr.|Translational Medicine Research Federation, Strasbourg Medical School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. guillaume.bierry@chru-strasbourg.fr.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bierry
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007596:Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: Artifacts; MRI; Prosthesis
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