title: Mobile Phone Apps for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Management: A Systematic Assessment of Content and Tools.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over the past decade has resulted in increased health care utilization and longer IBD outpatient waiting lists. Self-management is recognized as an important aspect of chronic disease management but its application to IBD has been limited. The age of IBD onset in a majority of patients is in their 20s to 30s. Mobile phone apps are a technology familiar to young adults and represent an opportunity to explore self-management as a new model of health care delivery for IBD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the content and tools of existing IBD apps to identify functionalities that may facilitate patient self-management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically assessed apps targeted at IBD patients via searches of Google (Android devices) and Apple (iOS devices) app stores with pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Apps were assessed for specific functionalities; presence of professional medical involvement; consistency with international IBD guidelines based on "complete," "partial," or "absent" coverage of consensus statements derived from the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation, American College of Gastroenterology, and the Gastroenterology Society of Australia; comprehensiveness of data that could be entered; and average pricing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 238 apps screened, 26 apps were assessed, including 10 available on Android platforms, 8 on iOS platforms, and 8 on both. Over half (14/26, 54%) of the apps had diary functionalities; over a third (10/26, 39%) provided health information about IBD. None of the apps offered decision support to facilitate the self-initiation of medical therapy. Five of 26 (19%) had professional medical involvement in their design. Apps demonstrated "complete" coverage of only 38% of the international consensus statements explored. The average price of the apps was AUD$1.37.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apps may provide a useful adjunct to the management of IBD patients. However, a majority of current apps suffer from a lack of professional medical involvement and limited coverage of international consensus guidelines. Future studies and app design for IBD should include professional medical involvement, evidence-based guidelines, and functionalities with decision support that are specifically tailored to patient self-management.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4983-6103
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Con
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-7236
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Cruz
keywords: IBD; apps; eHealth; mhealth; smartphone
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