title: Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi in paediatric patients: A review of twenty cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to report our initial experience of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) performed on patients in the pediatric age group (<18 years) using a miniature nephroscope (12F).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 children underwent mPCNL for renal stone extraction in the Department of Urology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India, from February 2013 to January 2014. The patients were evaluated on the basis of parameters viz. age at the time of surgery, size and number of stones, duration of surgery, stone clearance, and postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20 mPCNLs were performed on children, with age ranging from 8 to 16 years. Three children had three stones each, six children had two stones each, eight children had one stone each, and three had multiple. The median stone burden was 1.36 cm. The procedure was via single puncture in 15 cases, and two punctures in five cases. Punctures were upper calyceal in seven cases, lower calyceal in seven cases, and combined upper and lower calyceal in six cases. The calculi were accessed by a 12F mini nephroscope, laser lithotripsy was used in 12 cases and pneumatic lithotripsy used for the rest. Total clearance was achieved in 18 out of 20 cases (90%). Postoperative complications developed in one child, in the form of sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial experience concludes that mPCNL is a safe and efficacious tool for the management of renal calculi in the pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nischith
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Saptarshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
keywords: Mini; nephrolithotomy; pediatric; percutaneous; renal calculi
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