title: A multiplex assay combining insulin, GAD, IA-2 and transglutaminase autoantibodies to facilitate screening for pre-type 1 diabetes and celiac disease.
abstract: At the current time, multiple candidate interventions are being proposed to abrogate or slow progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) among islet autoantibody (iAb) positive subjects, but mass screening for eligible subjects and the general population remains a laborious and inefficient process. We have recently developed and extensively validated nonradioactive iAb assays using electrochemiluminescense (ECL) detection with an excellent sensitivity and specificity compared to the gold-standard radioassays. Using ECL detection on a platform from MesoScale Discovery (MSD) allows the measurement of four antibodies in a single well using a small blood volume (6 μl). In the present study using a MSD QuickPlex 4-Spot plate, we successfully combined three iAb to insulin (IAA), GAD65 (GADA), and IA-2 (IA-2A) with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) in a single well of a 96 well plate. We tested 40 new onset T1D patients, all positive for at least one iAb and a half of them positive for TGA by radioassay, as well as 50 healthy controls. The multiplex assay retained 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for all four autoantibodies in terms of positivity identified in patients versus normal controls compared to the corresponding standard radioassays and our single ECL assays. The multiplex ECL assay was able to identify more positivity than current radioassays for IAA and TGA. The development of this multiplex assay will facilitate high-throughput screening for T1D and celiac disease risk in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steck
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Fran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States. Electronic address: Liping.yu@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007328:Insulin; D011503:Transglutaminases; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2
keywords: Assay; Autoantibodies; Celiac disease; Diabetes
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