title: The assessment of multifocal ERG responses in school-age children with history of prematurity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined macular function in preterm-born children, using multifocal ERG (mfERG). Possible alterations in P1 amplitudes, P1 amplitudes density and P1 implicit time between school-age children with history of prematurity and their peers were researched. The correlations between parameters of mfERG responses and birth weight, gestational age, macular volume and central macular thickness were verified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 18 preterm-born school-age children were analyzed (mean age 10.18 ± 1.21 years). The study group was compared to the group of 15 peers born appropriate for gestational age (mean age 10.8 ± 1.52 years). The mfERG was evaluated in all children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences for P1 amplitudes from ring 1 (p = 0.0001) and P1 amplitudes density from ring 1 (p = 0.0001). Calculating the correlation coefficients, we receive significant results for P1 amplitudes from ring 1 versus gestational age (r = 0.54; p = 0.026), birth weight (r = 0.54; p = 0.026) and central macular thickness (r = -0.62; p = 0.008), and for P1 amplitudes density from ring 1 versus central macular thickness (r = -0.51; p = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that P1 amplitudes and P1 amplitudes density vary in preterm-born children in comparison with their peers born appropriate for gestational age, which might suggest discreet macular dysfunction. The correlation between low birth weight, early gestational age, central macular thickness and mFERG components from ring 1 might evidence that decreased bipolar cells density caused by premature birth is the result of altered development of central retina reflecting in structural anomalies of the fovea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Białystok, Poland. martaa.michalczuk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chrzanowska-Grenda
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oziębło-Kupczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krętowska
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D047928:Premature Birth; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Children; Prematurity; mfERG
references.citation: Doc Ophthalmol. 2012 Feb;124(1):1-13
references.pmid: 22038576
references.citation: Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 1982;78:1-85
references.pmid: 7158472
references.citation: Vis Neurosci. 1999 Jul-Aug;16(4):629-36
references.pmid: 10431912
references.citation: Retina. 2007 Nov-Dec;27(9):1221-6
references.pmid: 18046228
references.citation: Doc Ophthalmol. 2009 Feb;118(1):69-77
references.pmid: 19030905
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 May;49(5):2061-70
references.pmid: 18223243
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Nov;48(11):5207-11
references.pmid: 17962475
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jan;50(1):470-5
references.pmid: 18719077
references.citation: Acta Ophthalmol. 2014 Feb;92(1):2-20
references.pmid: 23617889
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;196(2):147.e1-8
references.pmid: 17306659
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995 Dec;36(13):2634-51
references.pmid: 7499086
references.citation: Neural Plast. 2015;2015:754864
references.pmid: 26417461
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 2012 Sep;119(9):1907-16
references.pmid: 22578258
references.citation: Vision Res. 1998 Dec;38(24):3857-70
references.pmid: 10211379
references.citation: J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004 Nov;27(9 Pt 1):1031-8
references.pmid: 15557866
references.citation: Doc Ophthalmol. 2010 Apr;120(2):175-86
references.pmid: 20043188
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994 Jul;35(8):3129-33
references.pmid: 8045707
references.citation: Vision Res. 1986;26(6):847-55
references.pmid: 3750868
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 10;343 (6):378-84
references.pmid: 10933736
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2007 Jan;119(1):37-45
references.pmid: 17200269
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 1984 Jun;91(6):603-12
references.pmid: 6462623
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Sep;41(10):2827-36
references.pmid: 10967034
references.citation: Korean J Pediatr. 2010 Jun;53(6):694-700
references.pmid: 21189940
references.citation: Doc Ophthalmol. 2005 Jul;111(1):7-13
references.pmid: 16502302