title: Three-dimensional manipulation of single cells using surface acoustic waves.
abstract: The ability of surface acoustic waves to trap and manipulate micrometer-scale particles and biological cells has led to many applications involving "acoustic tweezers" in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present 3D acoustic tweezers, which use surface acoustic waves to create 3D trapping nodes for the capture and manipulation of microparticles and cells along three mutually orthogonal axes. In this method, we use standing-wave phase shifts to move particles or cells in-plane, whereas the amplitude of acoustic vibrations is used to control particle motion along an orthogonal plane. We demonstrate, through controlled experiments guided by simulations, how acoustic vibrations result in micromanipulations in a microfluidic chamber by invoking physical principles that underlie the formation and regulation of complex, volumetric trapping nodes of particles and biological cells. We further show how 3D acoustic tweezers can be used to pick up, translate, and print single cells and cell assemblies to create 2D and 3D structures in a precise, noninvasive, label-free, and contact-free manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Zhangming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Yuchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lata
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Jiayang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; mingdao@mit.edu suresh@cmu.edu junhuang@engr.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 mingdao@mit.edu suresh@cmu.edu junhuang@engr.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Subra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; mingdao@mit.edu suresh@cmu.edu junhuang@engr.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Tony Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002470:Cell Survival; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D044085:Microfluidics; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013016:Sound; D014732:Vibration
keywords: 3D acoustic tweezers; 3D cell manipulation; 3D particle manipulation; cell assembly; cell printing
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