title: In vitro and in vivo Nematocidal Activity of Allium sativum and Tagetes erecta Extracts Against Haemonchus contortus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the Mexican ethno-medicine, a number of plants have shown a successful anthelmintic activity. This fact could be crucial to identify possible green anti-parasitic strategies against nematodes affecting animal production. This research evaluated the in vitro and in vivo nematocidal effects of two single and combined plant extracts: bulbs of Allium sativum (n-hexane) and flowers of Tagetes erecta (acetone). The in vivo assay evaluated the administration of extracts either individually or combined against Haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected gerbils.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro larvicidal activity percentage (LAP) of A. sativum and T. erecta extracts against H. contortus (L3) was determined by means of individual and combined usage of the extracts. Similarly, the extracts were evaluated in terms of reduction in the parasitic population in gerbils infected with H. contortus by individual and combined usage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LAP at 40 mg/mL was 68% with A. sativum and 36.6% with T. erecta. The combination caused 83.3% mortality of parasites. The oral administration of A. sativum and T. erecta extracts at 40 mg/mL, caused 68.7% and 53.9% reduction of the parasitic burden, respectively. Meanwhile, the combined effect of both extracts shown 87.5% reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed evidence about the effect of A. sativum and T. erecta plant extracts by means of individual and combined usage against H. contortus in in vitro and in vivo bioassays in artificially H. contortus-infected gerbils as a model.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP-México, Department of Helminthology, Jiutepec, Morelos, México. pedromdgives@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palacio- Landín
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mendoza-de Gives
authors.forename: David Osvaldo
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Salinas-Sánchez
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: López-Arellano
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liébano-Hernández
authors.forename: Victor Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hernández-Velázquez
authors.forename: María Guadalupe
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Valladares-Cisneros
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006586:Hexanes; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D031686:Tagetes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000096:Acetone; C026385:n-hexane