title: Mechanical properties of bone tissues surrounding dental implant systems with different treatments and healing periods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the current study was to examine whether the nanoindentation parameters can assess the alteration of bone quality resulting from different degrees of bone remodeling between bone tissue ages around the dental implant interface with different treatments and healing periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental implants were placed in mandibles of six male dogs. Treatment groups included: resorbable blast media-treated titanium (Ti) implants, alumina-blasted zirconia implants (ATZ), alumina-blasted zirconia implants applied with demineralized bone matrix (ATZ-D), and alumina-blasted zirconia implants applied with rhBMP-2 (ATZ-B). Nanoindentation modulus (E), hardness (H), viscosity (η), and viscoelastic creep (Creep/Pmax) were measured for new and old bone tissues adjacent to the implants at 3 and 6 weeks of post-implantation. A total of 945 indentations were conducted for 32 implant systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly lower E, H, and η but higher Creep/Pmaxwere measured for new bone tissues than old bone tissues, independent of treatments at both healing periods (p < 0.001). All nanoindentation parameters were not significantly different between healing periods (p > 0.568). ATZ-D and ATZ-B implants had the stiffer slope of correlation between E and Creep/Pmaxof the new bone tissue than Ti implant (p < 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current results indicated that, in addition to elastic modulus and plastic hardness, measurement of viscoelastic properties of bone tissue surrounding the implant can provide more detailed information to understand mechanical behavior of an implant system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ability of energy absorption in the interfacial bone tissue can play a significant role in the long-term success of a dental implant system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4088 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. kim.2508@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Do-Gyoon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4088 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4088 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Yong-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4088 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kosel
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Sciences and Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Damian J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Prosthodontics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Prosthodontics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Lee
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003804:Dentin; D004285:Dogs; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006244:Hardness; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D014783:Viscosity; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; C093073:Demineralized Dentin Matrix; D015921:Dental Implants; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein-2; Bone remodeling; Implant interface; Interfacial bone quality; Nanoindentation
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