title: ABA Is Required for Plant Acclimation to a Combination of Salt and Heat Stress.
abstract: Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat or salinity are a major cause of yield loss worldwide. Recent studies revealed that the acclimation of plants to a combination of different environmental stresses is unique and cannot be directly deduced from studying the response of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. Here we report on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a combination of salt and heat stress using transcriptome analysis, physiological measurements and mutants deficient in abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid or ethylene signaling. Arabidopsis plants were found to be more susceptible to a combination of salt and heat stress compared to each of the different stresses applied individually. The stress combination resulted in a higher ratio of Na+/K+ in leaves and caused the enhanced expression of 699 transcripts unique to the stress combination. Interestingly, many of the transcripts that specifically accumulated in plants in response to the salt and heat stress combination were associated with the plant hormone abscisic acid. In accordance with this finding, mutants deficient in abscisic acid metabolism and signaling were found to be more susceptible to a combination of salt and heat stress than wild type plants. Our study highlights the important role abscisic acid plays in the acclimation of plants to a combination of two different abiotic stresses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 5, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bassil
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.
authors.forename: Madhuri A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Inupakutika
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E- 12071, Castello de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara Izquierdo
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Zandalinas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.
authors.forename: Deesha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dion
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ginga
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ruka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.
authors.forename: Guido F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Verbeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.|Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Azad
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 5, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blumwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittler
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006358:Hot Temperature; D054712:Salinity; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000040:Abscisic Acid
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