title: Estradiol Restrains Prepubertal Gonadotropin Secretion in Female Mice via Activation of ERα in Kisspeptin Neurons.
abstract: Elimination of estrogen receptorα (ERα) from kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons results in premature LH release and pubertal onset, implicating these receptors in 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated negative feedback regulation of GnRH release during the prepubertal period. Here, we tested the dependency of prepubertal negative feedback on ERα in Kiss1 neurons. Prepubertal (postnatal d 14) and peripubertal (postnatal d 34) wild-type (WT) and Kiss1 cell-specific ERα knockout (KERαKO) female mice were sham operated or ovariectomized and treated with either vehicle- or E2-containing capsules. Plasma and tissues were collected 2 days after surgery for analysis. Ovariectomy increased LH and FSH levels, and E2 treatments completely prevented these increases in WT mice of both ages. However, in prepubertal KERαKO mice, basal LH levels were elevated vs WT, and both LH and FSH levels were not further increased by ovariectomy or affected by E2 treatment. Similarly, Kiss1 mRNA levels in the medial basal hypothalamus, which includes the arcuate nucleus, were suppressed with E2 treatment in ovariectomized prepubertal WT mice but remained unaffected by any treatment in KERαKO mice. In peripubertal KERαKO mice, basal LH and FSH levels were not elevated vs WT and were unaffected by ovariectomy or E2. In contrast to our previous findings in adult animals, these results demonstrate that suppression of gonadotropins and Kiss1 mRNA by E2 in prepubertal animals depends upon ERα activation in Kiss1 neurons. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that these receptors play a critical role in restraining GnRH release before the onset and completion of puberty.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Training Program (S.L.D.) and Department of Neuroscience (S.L.D., J.E.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Pediatrics (A.W., S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (U.B.), University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg D-66421, Germany; and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.E.L.), Madison, Wisconsin 53715.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Training Program (S.L.D.) and Department of Neuroscience (S.L.D., J.E.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Pediatrics (A.W., S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (U.B.), University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg D-66421, Germany; and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.E.L.), Madison, Wisconsin 53715.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Training Program (S.L.D.) and Department of Neuroscience (S.L.D., J.E.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Pediatrics (A.W., S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (U.B.), University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg D-66421, Germany; and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.E.L.), Madison, Wisconsin 53715.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radovick
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Training Program (S.L.D.) and Department of Neuroscience (S.L.D., J.E.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Pediatrics (A.W., S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (U.B.), University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg D-66421, Germany; and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.E.L.), Madison, Wisconsin 53715.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Training Program (S.L.D.) and Department of Neuroscience (S.L.D., J.E.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Pediatrics (A.W., S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (U.B.), University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg D-66421, Germany; and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.E.L.), Madison, Wisconsin 53715.
authors.forename: Jon E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D037101:Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit; D006062:Gonadotropins; C491407:Kiss1 protein, mouse; D059648:Kisspeptins; D037101:Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004958:Estradiol
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