title: Detecting Driver Mental Fatigue Based on EEG Alpha Power Changes during Simulated Driving.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Driver fatigue is one of the major implications in transportation safety and accounted for up to 40% of road accidents. This study aimed to analyze the EEG alpha power changes in partially sleep-deprived drivers while performing a simulated driving task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy male car drivers participated in an overnight study. Continuous EEG and EOG records were taken during driving on a virtual reality simulator on a monotonous road. Simultaneously, video recordings from the driver face and behavior were performed in lateral and front views and rated by two trained observers. Moreover, the subjective self-assessment of fatigue was implemented in every 10-min interval during the driving using Fatigue Visual Analog Scale (F-VAS). Power spectrum density and fast Fourier transform (FFT) were used to determine the absolute and relative alpha powers in the initial and final 10 minutes of driving.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings showed a significant increase in the absolute alpha power (P = 0.006) as well as F-VAS scores during the final section of driving (P = 0.001). Meanwhile, video ratings were consistent with subjective self-assessment of fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in alpha power in the final section of driving indicates the decrease in the level of alertness and attention and the onset of fatigue, which was consistent with F-VAS and video ratings. The study suggested that variations in alpha power could be a good indicator for driver mental fatigue, but for using as a countermeasure device needed further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gharagozlou
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Gebraeil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nasl Saraji
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazloumi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nahvi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motie Nasrabadi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahimi Foroushani
authors.affiliation: International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arab Kheradmand
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashouri
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics & Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine (RCSTIM), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samavati
keywords: Driver mental fatigue; EEG alpha power; F-VAS; Video rating
references.citation: Aust N Z J Public Health. 2005 Oct;29(5):471-6
references.pmid: 16255451
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Jan;86(1):23-35
references.pmid: 7678388
references.citation: Ind Health. 2011;49(5):549-58
references.pmid: 21804273
references.citation: Act Nerv Super (Praha). 1976;18(3):207-10
references.pmid: 1007859
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2010 Jun;76(3):169-73
references.pmid: 20350573
references.citation: Br J Ind Med. 1979 Aug;36(3):175-86
references.pmid: 40999
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 1999 Mar;36(2):149-57
references.pmid: 10194961
references.citation: Int J Neurosci. 1987 Sep;36(1-2):23-8
references.pmid: 3654089
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Jul;117(7):1574-81
references.pmid: 16679057
references.citation: J Sleep Res. 2000 Jun;9(2):137-44
references.pmid: 10849240
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Sep;58:218-25
references.pmid: 22727884
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2005 Sep;37(5):930-7
references.pmid: 15919047
references.citation: Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):750-2
references.pmid: 3992243
references.citation: Sleep. 2001 Jun 15;24(4):401-6
references.pmid: 11403524
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Jul;27(5):959-74
references.pmid: 20636209
references.citation: J Safety Res. 2003;34(3):321-8
references.pmid: 12963079
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2001 Feb;55(3):173-94
references.pmid: 11240213
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 1994 Oct;26(5):571-81
references.pmid: 7999202
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jan;50:341-50
references.pmid: 22647383
references.citation: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2012;2012:6442-5
references.pmid: 23367404
references.citation: Appl Ergon. 1994 Dec;25(6):355-65
references.pmid: 15676987
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Jul;124(7):1346-52
references.pmid: 23474052
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2002 May;39(3):313-21
references.pmid: 12212650
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1983 Jan;55(1):108-13
references.pmid: 6185295
references.citation: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1997 Jan;44(1):60-9
references.pmid: 9214784
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Apr;34(2):142-50
references.pmid: 18470435
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2000 Aug;37(2):155-62
references.pmid: 10832002
references.citation: Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Feb;26(1):162-6, 172
references.pmid: 19334577
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 1996 Nov;24(1-2):161-71
references.pmid: 8978441
references.citation: Hum Factors. 2004 Spring;46(1):154-69
references.pmid: 15151162