title: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Toxicity of Nanoparticles.
abstract: In recent decades, the use of nanomaterials has received much attention in industrial and medical fields. However, some reports have mentioned adverse effects of these materials on the biological systems and cellular components. There are several major mechanisms for cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) such as physicochemical properties, contamination with toxic element, fibrous structure, high surface charge and radical species generation. In this review, a brief key mechanisms involved in toxic effect of NPs are given, followed by the in vitro toxicity assays of NPs and prooxidant effects of several NPs such as carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide NPs, quantum dots, gold NPs and silver NPs.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khalili Fard
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Eghbal
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Mechanism; Nanoparticles; Oxidative stress; Prooxidant effects; Reactivity oxygen species
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