title: Metabolism and Disposition of Aditoprim in Swine, Broilers, Carp and Rats.
abstract: Aditoprim (ADP) is a newly developed antibacterial agent in veterinary medicine. The metabolism and disposition of ADP in swine, broilers, carp and rats were investigated by using a radio tracer method combined with a radioactivity detector and a liquid chromatography/ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After a single oral administration, more than 94% of the dose was recovered within 14 d in the four species. The urine excretion was dominant in swine and rats, making up 78% of the dose. N-monodesmethyl-ADP, N-didesmethyl-ADP, and 10 new metabolites were characterized. These metabolites were biotransformed from the process of demethylation, α-hydroxylation, N-oxidation, and NH2-glucuronidation. After an oral dose for 7 d, ADP-derived radioactivity was widely distributed in tissues, and high concentrations were especially observed in bile, liver, kidney, lung, and spleen. The radioactivity in the liver was eliminated much more slowly than in other tissues, with a half-life of 4.26, 3.38, 6.69, and 5.21 d in swine, broilers, carp, and rats, respectively. ADP, N-monodesmethyl-ADP, and N-didesmethyl-ADP were the major metabolites in edible tissues. Notably, ADP was detected with the highest concentration and the longest duration in these tissues. These findings indicated that ADP is the marker residue and the liver is the residue target tissue.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Liye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yuanhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.|Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuča
authors.affiliation: Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klímová
authors.affiliation: Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.|College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhenli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000652:urine; D002645:Chickens / Q000652:urine; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051381:Rats / Q000652:urine; D013552:Swine / Q000652:urine; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: C051398:aditoprim; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D014295:Trimethoprim
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