title: Developmental nicotine exposure disrupts dendritic arborization patterns of hypoglossal motoneurons in the neonatal rat.
abstract: Maternal smoking or use of other products containing nicotine during pregnancy can have significant adverse consequences for respiratory function in neonates. We have shown, in previous studies, that developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) in a model system compromises the normal function of respiratory circuits within the brainstem. The effects of DNE include alterations in the excitability and synaptic interactions of the hypoglossal motoneurons, which innervate muscles of the tongue. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that these functional consequences of DNE are accompanied by changes in the dendritic morphology of hypoglossal motoneurons. Hypoglossal motoneurons in brain stem slices were filled with neurobiotin during whole-cell patch clamp recordings and subjected to histological processing to reveal dendrites. Morphometric analysis, including the Sholl method, revealed significant effects of DNE on dendritic branching patterns. In particular, whereas within the first five postnatal days there was significant growth of the higher-order dendritic branches of motoneurons from control animals, the growth was compromised in motoneurons from neonates that were subjected to DNE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1125-1137, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.|Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.|Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaddy
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.|Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Ralph F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Fregosi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.|Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003712:Dendrites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D056347:Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: dendrite; gestational; motor neuron; nicotine; tobacco
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