title: International consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP): the bumpy road towards a consensus on reporting ANA results.
abstract: The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) was initiated as a workshop aiming to thoroughly discuss and achieve consensus regarding the morphological patterns observed in the indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells. One of the topics discussed at the second ICAP workshop, and addressed in this paper, was the harmonization of reporting ANA test results. This discussion centered on the issue if cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns should be reported as positive or negative. This report outlines the issues that impact on two major different reporting methods. Although it was appreciated by all participants that cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns are clinically relevant, implications for existing diagnostic/classification criteria for ANA-associated diseases in particular hampered a final consensus on this topic. Evidently, a more concerted action of all relevant stakeholders is required. Future ICAP workshops may help to facilitate this action.
authors.affiliation: Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, Netherlands. jan.damoiseaux@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damoiseaux
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Society of Autoimmunity, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: von Mühlen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garcia-De La Torre
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Orlando Gabriel
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Carballo
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Melo Cruvinel
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Luiz Carvalho
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Francescantonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Marvin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fritzler
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.affiliation: Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.|Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, Immunology Division, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis E C
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Edward K L
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Conrad
keywords: Anti-nuclear antibodies; Cytoplasmic patterns; Harmonization; Indirect immunofluorescence; Mitotic patterns; Nuclear patterns
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