title: Metal-Induced Production of a Novel Bioadsorbent Exopolysaccharide in a Native Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from the Mexican Northeastern Region.
abstract: There is a current need to develop low-cost strategies to degrade and eliminate industrially used colorants discharged into the environment. Colorants discharged into natural water streams pose various threats, including: toxicity, degradation of aesthetics and inhibiting sunlight penetration into aquatic ecosystems. Dyes and colorants usually have complex aromatic molecular structures, which make them very stable and difficult to degrade and eliminate by conventional water treatment systems. The results in this work demonstrated that heavy metal-resistant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain UANL-001L isolated from the northeast region of Mexico produce an exopolysaccharide (EPS), during growth, which has colorant adsorption potential. The EPS produced was purified by precipitation and dialysis and was then physically and chemically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and chemical elemental analysis. Here, the ability of the purified EPS produced to adsorb methylene blue (MB), which served as a model colorant, is studied. MB adsorption by the EPS is found to follow Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm kinetics at 25°C. Further, by calculating the Langmuir constant the adsorption capabilities of the EPS produced by the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain UANL-001L is compared to that of other adsorbents, both, microbially produced and from agroindustrial waste. The total adsorption capacity of the EPS, from the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain UANL-001L, was found to be two-fold greater than the best bioadsorbents reported in the literature. Finally, apart from determining which heavy metals stimulated EPS production in the strain, the optimal conditions of pH, heavy metal concentration, and rate of agitation of the growing culture for EPS production, was determined. The EPS reported here has the potential of aiding in the efficient removal of colorants both in water treatment plants and in situ in natural water streams.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Garza-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Garza
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barboza Perez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.|Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629 Mexico.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vazquez Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Domingo Ixcoatl
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Garcia-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Xristo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zarate
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cantú Cardenas
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Ludwing Ilytch
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Urraca-Botello
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Ulrico Javier
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Lopez-Chuken
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Alberto Ludovico
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Trevino-Torres
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Felipe de Jesus
authors.initials: Fde J
authors.lastname: Cerino-Córdoba
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medina-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Juan Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Villarreal-Chiu
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.|Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629 Mexico.
authors.forename: Jose Ruben
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Morones-Ramirez
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000332:Aerobiosis; D018533:Biomass; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008800:Mexico; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012248:Rhodotorula / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D011134:Polysaccharides
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