title: Bisecting Microfluidic Channels with Metallic Nanowires Fabricated by Nanoskiving.
abstract: This paper describes the fabrication of millimeter-long gold nanowires that bisect the center of microfluidic channels. We fabricated the nanowires by nanoskiving and then suspended them over a trench in a glass structure. The channel was sealed by bonding it to a complementary poly(dimethylsiloxane) structure. The resulting structures place the nanowires in the region of highest flow, as opposed to the walls, where it approaches zero, and expose their entire surface area to fluid. We demonstrate active functionality, by constructing a hot-wire anemometer to measure flow through determining the change in resistance of the nanowire as a function of heat dissipation at low voltage (<5 V). Further, passive functionality is demonstrated by visualizing individual, fluorescently labeled DNA molecules attached to the wires. We measure rates of flow and show that, compared to surface-bound DNA strands, elongation saturates at lower rates of flow and background fluorescence from nonspecific binding is reduced.
authors.affiliation: Groningen Research Institute of Pharmancy , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kalkman
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.|Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yanxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monachino
authors.affiliation: Groningen Research Institute of Pharmancy , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mathwig
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Machteld E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kamminga
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.|Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pourhossein
authors.affiliation: Groningen Research Institute of Pharmancy , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Oomen
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stratmann
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.|Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antoine M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Oijen
authors.affiliation: Groningen Research Institute of Pharmancy , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verpoorte
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.|Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chiechi
keywords: 3D nanofabrication; microfluidics; nanoskiving; nanowires; single-molecule fluorescence imaging