title: Hepatic non-parenchymal cells: Master regulators of alcoholic liver disease?
abstract: Chronic alcohol consumption is one of the most common causes of the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In the past, alcohol-mediated hepatocyte injury was assumed to be a significantly major cause of ALD. However, a huge number of recent and brilliant studies have demonstrated that hepatic non-parenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and diverse types of lymphocytes play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of ALD by producing inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, oxidative stress, microRNA, and lipid-originated metabolites (retinoic acid and endocannabinoids) or by directly interacting with parenchymal cells (hepatocytes). Therefore, understanding the comprehensive roles of hepatic non-parenchymal cells during the development of ALD will provide new integrative directions for the treatment of ALD. This review will address the roles of non-parenchymal cells in alcoholic steatosis, inflammation, and liver fibrosis and might help us to discover possible therapeutic targets and treatments involving modulating the non-parenchymal cells in ALD.
authors.affiliation: Wonhyo Seo, Won-Il Jeong, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-338, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wonhyo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Wonhyo Seo, Won-Il Jeong, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-338, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Il
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Alcoholic liver disease; Endocannabinoid; NADPH oxidase; Reactive oxygen stress
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