title: Renal evaluation with B-mode and Doppler ultrasound in captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate, by B-mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound, the kidneys of one Neotropical primate maintained in captivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten adult intact tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella) were evaluated. The morphometric parameters of both kidneys were evaluated and kidney volumes calculated. Color Doppler was used to evaluate renal vascular architecture and to identify arteries of the left kidney. Spectral Doppler was used to measure peak-systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and resistive index (RI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both kidneys presented homogeneous cortical echogenicity and homogeneous echotexture with preserved corticomedullary differentiation. There was no statistically significant difference between right and left kidneys for all morphometric parameters. RI of the left renal, interlobar, and arcuate arteries were, respectively, 0.75 (SD, 0.07), 0.70 (SD, 0.08), and 0.70 (SD, 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both kidneys showed similar morphometric parameters by B-mode ultrasound, whereas RI by spectral Doppler decreased progressively from renal artery to interlobar and arcuate arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carandina da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Valeriano
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ramiro das Neves
authors.initials: Rd
authors.lastname: Dias Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melchert
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sheila Canevese
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rahal
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016646:Cebinae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000662:veterinary*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: Sapajus apella; kidneys; primate; ultrasonography