title: Serum Calcium and Phosphate Levels and Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether admission serum calcium and phosphate levels are associated with short- and long-term outcomes in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 365 patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in this study. Participants were classified into 4 subgroups according to serum calcium or phosphate quartiles. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, medical history, and other clinical characteristics were recorded for all the participants. Excellent outcome was defined as discharge or 3-month modified Rankin scale scores of 0-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis comparing the highest and lowest quartiles indicated that an elevated calcium level was associated with 2.26- and 2.28-fold increases in the odds for discharge and 3-month excellent outcome, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and other potential risk factors, patients in the highest quartile still had significantly increased odds of discharge and 3-month excellent outcome; the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) were 3.43 (95% confidence interval [[CI], 1.03-11.44) and 5.36 (95% CI, 1.69-16.98). When calcium was divided into two groups, the ORs of higher calcium were 2.9 (95% CI, 1.1-7.62) and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.15-6.82) for discharge and 3-month excellent outcome, respectively. However, no significant association was observed between serum phosphate and excellent outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated admission serum calcium level but not phosphate level is positively associated with excellent outcome at discharge or 3 months in acute intracerebral hemorrhage patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shoujiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiaping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chongke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xinshun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases & Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: liuchunfeng@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases & Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: yongjuncao@126.com.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage; prognosis; serum calcium; serum phosphate