title: Urine/Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin Ratio Is a Sensitive and Specific Marker of Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a challenge if conventional markers of kidney function are within reference range. We studied the sensitivity and specificity of NGAL as an AKI marker at different degrees of renal ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 10-, 20- or 30-min unilateral renal ischemia, to control operation or no operation, and AKI was evaluated 1 day later by histology, immunohistochemistry, BUN, creatinine, NGAL (plasma and urine) and renal NGAL mRNA expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A short (10-min) ischemia did not alter BUN or kidney histology, but elevated plasma and urinary NGAL level and renal NGAL mRNA expression although to a much smaller extent than longer ischemia. Surprisingly, control operation elevated plasma NGAL and renal NGAL mRNA expression to a similar extent as 10-min ischemia. Further, the ratio of urine to plasma NGAL was the best parameter to differentiate a 10-min ischemic injury from control operation, while it was similar in the non and control-operated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that urinary NGAL excretion and especially ratio of urine to plasma NGAL are sensitive and specific markers of subclinical acute kidney injury in mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaucsár
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godó
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Révész
authors.affiliation: MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mócsai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: CEVA Phylaxia Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mihály
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krenács
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szénási
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hamar
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D015870:Gene Expression; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C071332:Lcn2 protein, mouse; D003404:Creatinine
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