title: Novel insights into the effect of vitamin B₁₂ and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.
abstract: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by cognitive decline is increasing at an alarming rate and account for a significant proportion of the global disease burden. Evidences from human and animal studies indicate that neurocognitive development is influenced by various environmental factors including nutrition. It has been established that nutrition affects the brain throughout life. However, the mechanisms through which nutrition modulates mental health are still not well understood. It has been suggested that the deficiencies of both vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids can have adverse effects on cognition and synaptic plasticity. Studies indicate a need for supplementation of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk of cognitive decline, although the results of intervention trials using these nutrients in isolation are inconclusive. In the present article, we provide an overview of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids, the possible mechanisms and the evidences through which vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids modulate mental health and cognition. Understanding the role of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids on brain functioning may provide important clues to prevent early cognitive deficits and later neurobehavioral disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
authors.forename: Anvita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India. srjoshi62@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D014805:Vitamin B 12
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