title: A survey of best practices for RNA-seq data analysis.
abstract: RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has a wide variety of applications, but no single analysis pipeline can be used in all cases. We review all of the major steps in RNA-seq data analysis, including experimental design, quality control, read alignment, quantification of gene and transcript levels, visualization, differential gene expression, alternative splicing, functional analysis, gene fusion detection and eQTL mapping. We highlight the challenges associated with each step. We discuss the analysis of small RNAs and the integration of RNA-seq with other functional genomics techniques. Finally, we discuss the outlook for novel technologies that are changing the state of the art in transcriptomics.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA. aconesa@ufl.edu.|Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, 46012, Valencia, Spain. aconesa@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conesa
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK. pm12@sanger.ac.uk.|Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK. pm12@sanger.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madrigal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, 46012, Valencia, Spain.|Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tarazona
authors.affiliation: Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.|Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.|Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, L8, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.|Science for Life Laboratory, 17121, Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gomez-Cabrero
authors.affiliation: Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.affiliation: School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał Wojciech
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Szcześniak
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.affiliation: Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Elo
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Bioinformatics/Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.|School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xuegong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2300, USA. ali.mortazavi@uci.edu.|Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. ali.mortazavi@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D050939:Gene Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D012313:RNA
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