title: Osteoneogenesis due to periosteal elevation with degradable and nondegradable devices in Göttingen Minipigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periosteal distraction or elevation has been known as an experimental method to induce new bone formation. Although it uses the principles of distraction osteogenesis no further osteotomy is necessary. The purpose of this study was to test devices of different materials and to evaluate the point of origin of the new bone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  On each calvaria of twelve male adult Göttingen Minipigs three devices were implanted. The materials used were degradable PDLLA (poly-DL-lactide), PGA (polyglycolic acid) and nondegradable Ti (titanium). After a consolidation time of 2, 4 and 6 weeks days a total of 36 specimens were harvested. To identify the total amount of newly created bone, micro-CT and histological analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All degradable devices collapsed to a certain extent within the observation time but osteoneogenesis took place in all materials after a consolidation time of 2, 4 and 6 weeks after implantation above and under the devices. No statistical significant differences between the materials were found. However, most bone formation took place in the space under the periosteum and above the devices (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periosteal elevation can produce new bone formation with degradable devices, which derives from the periosteum and the underlying bone. In this interaction the periosteum seems to contain the larger share.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dziewiecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van de Loo
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gremse
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kloss-Brandstätter
authors.affiliation: Department for Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kloss
authors.affiliation: Department for Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Offermanns
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575 Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debbyelaan, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: blethaus@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lethaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D010521:Periosteum; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012886:Skull; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
keywords: Distraction; Osteoneogenesis; PDLLA; PGA; Periosteum; Titanium