title: Assessing Antibacterial Potential of Components of Phyllomedusa distincta Skin and its Associated Dermal Microbiota.
abstract: The granular glands of anuran skin secrete an array of bioactive molecules that protect a frog against pathogens and predators. The skin also harbors a microbial community. Although there is evidence to suggest that the microbiota complement the innate immune defense systems against pathogen infection, the effect of the frog bioactive molecules on its resident microbiota has not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, the skin microbiota of Phyllomedusa distincta obtained from two different geographical areas was evaluated with molecular and culture-based approaches. The antagonistic effects exhibited by the host's microbiota and by a novel dermaseptin peptide isolated from P. distincta skin were investigated. Four isolated bacterial colonies displayed antimicrobial activity against known frog pathogens. Our results were consistent with the hypothesis that microbiota from P. distincta may interact with pathogenic microorganisms to protect a frog's health. On the other hand, the novel dermaseptin peptide exhibited an antimicrobial effect on pathogens as well as on some of the bacteria obtained from the skin microbiota. The richness of bacteria on P. distincta skin was further investigated by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, which revealed that the family Enterobacteriaceae was prevalent, but a high variability at the species level was observed among individual frogs. Differences observed on the microbiota of frogs from contrasting habitats indicated an influence of the environment on the structure of the skin microbiota of P. distincta.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biosciences - Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - N. 101, Cidade Universitária, SP, 05508-090, Brazil. nirmalananda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ananda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brito de Assis
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. SGAN 916, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. SGAN 916, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Pereira
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. SGAN 916, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ailla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Motta
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. SGAN 916, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Silva
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biosciences - Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - N. 101, Cidade Universitária, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Arturo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Navas
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. SGAN 916, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz Simas
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. SGAN 916, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristine Chaves
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barreto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001001:Anura; D001483:Base Sequence; D064307:Microbiota; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Atlantic Forest; Frog microbiota; Phyllomedusa; Skin antimicrobial peptides
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