title: In-vitro bond strengths and clinical failure rates of metal brackets bonded with different light-emitting diode units and curing times.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical failure rates and the in-vitro bond strengths of metal brackets bonded with different light-emitting diode (LED) devices and curing times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients were included in the clinical part of this study. A split-mouth design was used, with the adhesive in group 1 cured for 10 seconds with an LED unit (Elipar S10; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), and the adhesive in group 2 cured for 3 seconds with another LED unit (VALO Ortho; Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah). Bond failures during 12 months of orthodontic treatment were recorded. In-vitro performance of the brackets was also compared by bonding brackets to extracted premolars and using the same light units and curing times (n = 20 for each group). The adhesive remnant index was used to determine the bond failure interface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical bond failure rates were 2.90% for the Elipar and 3.16% for the VALO curing units. The difference in bracket failure rates between the 2 LED devices was not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between the in-vitro bond strengths of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings regarding long-term clinical survival rates and in-vitro bond strengths indicate that bracket bonding can be safely accomplished in 10 seconds of light-curing with an Elipar LED and 3 seconds of light-curing with a VALO LED.
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: alperoz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdullah Alper
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslıhan Zeynep
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arici
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental / Q000145:classification*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; C030242:phosphoric acid