title: The Salivary Scavenger and Agglutinin (SALSA) in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy.
abstract: Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology is not clear, but an immune attack towards components of placenta or fetus has been indicated. This involves activation of the complement system in the placenta. We have previously described the presence of the complement-regulating protein salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA) in amniotic fluid. In this study we investigated the potential role of SALSA in pregnancy by analyzing its presence in amniotic fluid and placental tissue during healthy and complicated pregnancies. SALSA levels in amniotic fluid increased during pregnancy. Before 20 weeks of gestation the levels were slightly higher in patients who later developed pre-eclampsia than in gestation age-matched controls. In the placenta of pre-eclamptic patients syncytial damage is often followed by the formation of fibrinoid structures. SALSA was found clustered into these fibrinoid structures in partial co-localization with complement C1q and fibronectin. In vitro analysis showed direct protein binding of SALSA to fibronectin. SALSA binds also to fibrin/fibrinogen but did not interfere with the blood clotting process in vitro. Thus, in addition to antimicrobial defense and epithelial differentiation, the data presented here suggest that SALSA, together with fibronectin and C1q, may be involved in the containment of injured placental structures into fibrinoids.
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, and Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Martin Parnov
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reichhardt
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, and Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jarva
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, and Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna Inkeri
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Lokki
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannele
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laivuori
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Obstetrics and Gynecology, Porvoo Hospital, Porvoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Piia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vuorela
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Vuokko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loimaranta
authors.affiliation: Femina-Med Center, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glasner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siwetz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.|Biobank Graz, Organizational Unit of Research Infrastructure, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huppertz
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, and Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meri
mesh_terms: D000373:Agglutinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D000373:Agglutinins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C108174:DMBT1 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015922:Complement C1q
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