title: Distribution, risk assessment, and statistical source identification of heavy metals in aqueous system from three adjacent regions of the Yellow River.
abstract: Distribution of five heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) and some physicochemical variables were studied from ten sites (S1-S10) in filtered water, suspended particles, and sediment samples from Gansu Province, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions of the Yellow River in Northern China. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in filtered water were relatively lower, while they were higher and approximated in suspended particles and sediment samples. Metal chemical fractions showed that high proportions of Cd were found in the exchangeable fractions, while others likely to be existed in lithology. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) indicated that the quality of filtered water was relatively better, and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) revealed that only Cd has the higher ecological risk in suspended particles and sediment samples, which is accordance with the results obtained by the chemical fractions analysis; at the same time, the higher ecological risks existed in S3, S6, S9, and S10 in suspended particles and sediment samples due to the waste emission of a variety of industries. Results of cluster analysis (CA) indicated that contamination sources in the sediment samples were from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.|China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.|China National Cleaner Production Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Jingjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China. liuying4300@163.com.|Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China. liuying4300@163.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004463:Ecology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aqueous system; Distribution; Heavy metal; Risk assessment; Source identification; Yellow River
references.citation: Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2013 Dec;33(12):3249-54
references.pmid: 24611380
references.citation: Mar Pollut Bull. 2013 Nov 15;76(1-2):266-75
references.pmid: 24054783
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2016 Feb;144:29-42
references.pmid: 26344146
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2013 Nov;93(9):1887-95
references.pmid: 23856465
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2009 May;157(5):1533-43
references.pmid: 19217701
references.citation: Nature. 1979 May 31;279(5712):409-11
references.pmid: 16068169
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2013 Oct 1;25(10):2003-13
references.pmid: 24494486
references.citation: Mar Pollut Bull. 2015 Feb 15;91(1):35-44
references.pmid: 25555616
references.citation: Mar Pollut Bull. 2012 Oct;64(10):2151-9
references.pmid: 22906733
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2011 Feb 28;186(2-3):2129-37
references.pmid: 21257261
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jul 15;179(1-3):1065-77
references.pmid: 20413217
references.citation: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2005 Feb;74(2):286-93
references.pmid: 15841968
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jul 15;179(1-3):860-8
references.pmid: 20388584
references.citation: Mar Pollut Bull. 2014 Jul 15;84(1-2):373-8
references.pmid: 24880681
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2012;24(4):579-88
references.pmid: 22894090
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2014 Sep 15;493:1098-111
references.pmid: 24953685
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2011 Aug 15;192(1):402-10
references.pmid: 21684080
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2001;114(3):313-24
references.pmid: 11584630
references.citation: Environ Monit Assess. 2007 Jun;129(1-3):433-59
references.pmid: 17242978
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2007 Jan;66(8):1431-40
references.pmid: 17113128
references.citation: Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Jun;141(1-3):35-47
references.pmid: 17694352
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2008 Dec 15;160(1):235-9
references.pmid: 18406057
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 1995 Feb 1;29(2):470-7
references.pmid: 22201394
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2006 Apr 30;132(1):80-9
references.pmid: 16466857
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2012;24(12):2051-9
references.pmid: 23534200
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2007 Sep 30;148(3):529-37
references.pmid: 17416464
references.citation: J Environ Manage. 2012 Mar;95 Suppl:S9-14
references.pmid: 21546150
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2010 Feb 15;174(1-3):455-62
references.pmid: 19825507
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2013 Nov;93(9):1957-64
references.pmid: 23880240
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2006;18(6):1124-34
references.pmid: 17294953
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2014 Aug 15;490:456-66
references.pmid: 24867708
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2011 May;159(5):1297-306
references.pmid: 21306806
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2009 Sep 30;169(1-3):685-90
references.pmid: 19409702
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2007 Dec;70(2):187-95
references.pmid: 17697700
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jan 15;173(1-3):744-9
references.pmid: 19811870