title: The effects of body mass index on the hereditary influences that determine peak bone mass in mother-daughter pairs (KNHANES V).
abstract: A daughter's bone mineral density (BMD) is significantly correlated with her mother's BMD, but the daughter's body mass index (BMI) could modulate this association. Maternal inheritance dominantly affects daughters with a lower BMI, but BMI could compensate for hereditary influences in daughters with a higher BMI in terms of daughter's BMD.
  
  
  
  Achieving optimal peak bone mass at a young age is the best way to protect against future osteoporosis and subsequent fractures. Although environmental components influence bone mass accrual, but peak bone mass is largely programmed by inheritance. The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of maternal inheritance on the daughter's bone mass and to assess whether these influences differ according to the daughter's body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  
  We used data obtained from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V and included 187 mother-daughter pairs. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine (LS), femur neck (FN), and total hip (TH) by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The daughter group was stratified into two groups according to the mean BMI (21.4 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  
  The daughters' BMD correlated significantly with both their BMI and their mothers' Z-score for each skeletal site. In the daughters with a lower BMI (≤21.4 kg/m(2)), the BMDs at the FN and TH were affected more by the mothers' Z-score than by the daughters' BMI. Meanwhile, the influence of the daughters' BMI on their BMD was higher than that of their mothers' Z-score in daughters with a higher BMI (>21.4 kg/m(2)). Moreover, the mothers' Z-scores were a significant predictor of their daughters having Z-scores < -1.0 only in daughters with a lower BMI.
  
  
  
  This study suggests that maternal inheritance is an important determinant of the daughters' bone mass, but that this hereditary factor may vary according to the daughters' BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Borame Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. csshin@snu.ac.kr.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. csshin@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006615:Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D009679:Nuclear Family; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body mass index; Bone mineral density; Genetic inheritance; Osteoporosis; Peak bone mass
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