title: Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antimicrobial use and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in the digestive and respiratory tract in three different production systems of food producing animals. A longitudinal study was set up in 25 Belgian bovine herds (10 dairy, 10 beef, and 5 veal herds) for a 2 year monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibilities in E. coli and Pasteurellaceae retrieved from the rectum and the nasal cavity, respectively. During the first year of observation, the antimicrobial use was prospectively recorded on 15 of these farms (5 of each production type) and transformed into the treatment incidences according to the (animal) defined daily dose (TIADD) and (actually) used daily dose (TIUDD). Antimicrobial resistance rates of 4,174 E. coli (all herds) and 474 Pasteurellaceae (beef and veal herds only) isolates for 12 antimicrobial agents demonstrated large differences between intensively reared veal calves (abundant and inconstant) and more extensively reared dairy and beef cattle (sparse and relatively stable). Using linear mixed effect models, a strong relation was found between antimicrobial treatment incidences and resistance profiles of 1,639 E. coli strains (p<0.0001) and 309 Pasteurellaceae (p≤0.012). These results indicate that a high antimicrobial selection pressure, here found to be represented by low dosages of oral prophylactic and therapeutic group medication, converts not only the commensal microbiota from the digestive tract but also the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the respiratory tract into reservoirs of multi-resistance.
authors.affiliation: Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium.|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Boudewijn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Catry
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dewulf
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dominiek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pardon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Callens
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Care Flanders (DGZ), Torhout, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanrobaeys
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opsomer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Aart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Kruif
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haesebrouck
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D047090:beta-Lactams
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