title: Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most commonly occurring forms of arthritis in the world today. It is a debilitating chronic illness causing pain and immense discomfort to the affected individual. Significant research is currently ongoing to understand its pathophysiology and develop successful treatment regimens based on this knowledge. Animal models have played a key role in achieving this goal. Animal models currently used to study osteoarthritis can be classified based on the etiology under investigation, primary osteoarthritis, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis, to better clarify the relationship between these models and the pathogenesis of the disease. Non-invasive animal models have shown significant promise in understanding early osteoarthritic changes. Imaging modalities play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of OA and the correlation with pain. These imaging studies would also allow in vivo surveillance of the disease as a function of time in the animal model. This review summarizes the current understanding of the disease pathogenesis, invasive and non-invasive animal models, imaging modalities, and pain assessment techniques in the animals.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. kuyinu@uchc.edu.|Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. kuyinu@uchc.edu.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. kuyinu@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Emmanuel L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kuyinu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. gnarayanan@uchc.edu.|Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. gnarayanan@uchc.edu.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. gnarayanan@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. Nair@uchc.edu.|Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. Nair@uchc.edu.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. Nair@uchc.edu.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. Nair@uchc.edu.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. Nair@uchc.edu.|Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. Nair@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Lakshmi S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.|Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.|Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.|Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.|Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. laurencin@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Cato T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Laurencin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
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