title: Gastro Enteritis in a military population deployed in West Africa in the UK Ebola response; was the observed lower disease burden due to handwashing?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Travellers' diarrhoea in military populations is reported ranging from 50 to 70 cases per thousand person months. The UK personnel deployed to the Ebola Outbreak in Sierra Leone during the Ebola outbreak adopted standard measures associated with disease prevention. As part of the infection control measures against transmission of Ebola, personnel also rinsed their hands frequently in 0.05% hypochlorite. This was felt to have reduced the incidence of travellers' diarrhoea in the population and an audit was carried out to test this hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine data identified diarrhoea and vomiting cases. A questionnaire sought information on traveller's diarrhoea and hand hygiene in Sierra Leone and Afghanistan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of Gastro Intestinal Disease for the population ranged from 23.9 Per thousand personnel per month to 74.4 per thousand personnel per month (mean 55.1 cases per thousand personnel per month). This included 4 headline outbreaks which accounted for 156 of the total number of 243 cases in the period of the deployment. The mean daily number of hand washes in Sierra Leone as reported in a survey was 17.02 (SD 8.2) and for Afghanistan was 9.06 (6.88). The mean difference was 7.94 (t 0.64 p < 0.0001.)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gastro intestinal disease incidence appeared to be at the lower end of the range reported by other groups in an environment with, arguably, a greater risk of infection. Force health protection policies were similar between Sierra Leone and Afghanistan excepting the frequency with which hands were rinsed or washed. We recommend that hand washing stations are placed at every office and communal area and not just at the dining facility in order to minimise the incidence of travellers' diarrhoea on future operations.
authors.affiliation: HQ Combined Joint Inter Agency Task Force, Operation GRITROCK, British Forces Post Office 609, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Jjhtinsl2014@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J J H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tuck
authors.affiliation: HQ Combined Joint Inter Agency Task Force, Operation GRITROCK, British Forces Post Office 609, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: HQ Combined Joint Inter Agency Task Force, Operation GRITROCK, British Forces Post Office 609, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Doyle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000346:Afghanistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000592:standards*; D063373:Hand Hygiene / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D012807:Sierra Leone / Q000453:epidemiology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: Disease; Gastrointestinal; Health; Protection; Travellers