title: Vascular mapping of the face: B-mode and doppler ultrasonography study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To analyze the face vascularization pattern using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, and also propose an arterial vessel mapping.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was performed on 20 ultrasonography exams of facial vessels through linear and endocavitary transducers. We analyzed and determined the average values for diameters, peak systolic velocity and resistive index of the following arteries: external carotid, lingual, deep lingual, sublingual, facial, submental, inferior labial, superior labial, angular, maxillary inferior alveolar, mental, buccal, greater palatine, infraorbital, superficial temporal, transverse facial and frontal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data was obtained allowing the analysis of the tissue hemodynamics. We were able to map the vascularization of the face and it was possible to access three arteries of small diameter (0,60mm angular artery; 0,55mm greater palatine artery; 0,45mm infraorbital artery).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented in this article are valid tool supporting the non-invasive mapping of facial vascularization.
authors.affiliation: Rua Conselheiro Torres Homem 45, Jd Paulista - São Paulo, 01432-010, SP - Brazil, mtucunduva@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tucunduva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tucunduva-Neto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saieg
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Freitas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005145:Face / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Nov;106(6):1249-53
references.pmid: 11083553
references.citation: Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009 Jan;38(1):23-7
references.pmid: 19114420
references.citation: Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20(3):213-9
references.pmid: 11434476
references.citation: Radiol Clin North Am. 2002 Jul;40(4):783-98
references.pmid: 12171185
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Jun;111(7):2176-81
references.pmid: 12794457
references.citation: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2003 Jul;260(6):344-8
references.pmid: 12883961
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003 Nov;96(5):625-9
references.pmid: 14600700
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995 Apr;53(4):369-74
references.pmid: 7699490
references.citation: J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1996 Feb;24(1):16-23
references.pmid: 8707937
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 1997 Jul;39(1):64-7
references.pmid: 9229095
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Jan;63(1):28-35
references.pmid: 15635554
references.citation: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2004;58(4):157-9
references.pmid: 15679199
references.citation: Clin Anat. 2005 Jul;18(5):330-9
references.pmid: 15971214
references.citation: J Ultrasound Med. 2005 Sep;24(9):1295-301
references.pmid: 16123190
references.citation: J Endod. 2006 Sep;32(9):901-5
references.pmid: 16934639
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 2007 Jul;59(1):82-6
references.pmid: 17589267
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2007 Sep-Oct;31(5):526-31
references.pmid: 17659420
references.citation: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Oct;45(7):543-7
references.pmid: 17467860
references.citation: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2008 Mar;28(3):457-9
references.pmid: 18359713
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001 Apr;91(4):472-82
references.pmid: 11312466