title: Oxidative Stress in Obese Postmenopausal Women: An Additive Burden for Atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary Artery Disease are on the rise in the general population and is the leading cause of death in both men and women. The impact of CAD is underappreciated in younger women when compared to men. Women have unique risk factors for CAD and postmenopausal women are at higher risk of developing CAD when compared to normal menstruating women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to find out the difference in oxidative stress levels between obese postmenopausal women and normal menstruating women, also to compare the same in normal weight postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty one normal and 29 obese postmenopausal women with age more than 45 years who visited obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department for general clinical evaluation at a tertiary care centre were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Thirty normal menstruating women were compared. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and the body mass index was calculated. Serum Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase was measured using a spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in mean MDA levels in postmenopausal women (1.477 ± 0.359) when compared to normal menstruating women (0.666 ± 0.302) (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in mean SOD levels in postmenopausal women (2.836 ± 0.899) when compared to normal menstruating women (2.986 ± 0.686) (p > 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase between mean MDA levels in obese postmenopausal women (2.48 ± 0.52) when compared to normal weight postmenopausal women (1.65 ± 0.36) (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference between mean SOD levels in obese postmenopausal women (1.36 ± 0.96) and normal weight postmenopausal women (2.56 ± 1.03) (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oxidative stress was higher in obese postmenopausal women when compared to normal weight postmenopausal women and normal menstruating women.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Rajesh Bhat
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Uppoor
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy , Mangalore .
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.affiliation: PhD Research Scholar, Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Mukund Prathivadibhayankaram
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Bhaskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holla
keywords: Cardiac risk factor; Coronary artery disease
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