title: Whole genome re-sequencing reveals genome-wide variations among parental lines of 16 mapping populations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important grain legume cultivated by resource poor farmers in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to harness the untapped genetic potential available for chickpea improvement, we re-sequenced 35 chickpea genotypes representing parental lines of 16 mapping populations segregating for abiotic (drought, heat, salinity), biotic stresses (Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, Botrytis grey mould, Helicoverpa armigera) and nutritionally important (protein content) traits using whole genome re-sequencing approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 192.19 Gb data, generated on 35 genotypes of chickpea, comprising 973.13 million reads, with an average sequencing depth of ~10 X for each line. On an average 92.18 % reads from each genotype were aligned to the chickpea reference genome with 82.17 % coverage. A total of 2,058,566 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 292,588 Indels were detected while comparing with the reference chickpea genome. Highest number of SNPs were identified on the Ca4 pseudomolecule. In addition, copy number variations (CNVs) such as gene deletions and duplications were identified across the chickpea parental genotypes, which were minimum in PI 489777 (1 gene deletion) and maximum in JG 74 (1,497). A total of 164,856 line specific variations (144,888 SNPs and 19,968 Indels) with the highest percentage were identified in coding regions in ICC 1496 (21 %) followed by ICCV 97105 (12 %). Of 539 miscellaneous variations, 339, 138 and 62 were inter-chromosomal variations (CTX), intra-chromosomal variations (ITX) and inversions (INV) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genome-wide SNPs, Indels, CNVs, PAVs, and miscellaneous variations identified in different mapping populations are a valuable resource in genetic research and helpful in locating genes/genomic segments responsible for economically important traits. Further, the genome-wide variations identified in the present study can be used for developing high density SNP arrays for genetics and breeding applications.
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India. t.mahendar@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Mahendar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thudi
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Aamir W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Pooran M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Krishnamohan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katta
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Vanika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roorkiwal
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samineni
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India. r.k.varshney@cgiar.org.|The University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. r.k.varshney@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Varshney
mesh_terms: D029863:Cicer / Q000235:genetics*; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D018744:DNA, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant
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