title: Elevated Urinary T Helper 1 Chemokine Levels in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Obese Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing evidence suggests that T helper (Th) cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity and anti-hypertensive treatment on urinary Th1 chemokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study groups consisted of three types of patients: hypertensive obese, healthy, and non-hypertensive obese. Pre-treatment and post-treatment samples of the hypertensive obese group and one sample from the other two groups were evaluated for urinary chemokine: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP10), and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG). In the hypertensive obese group, urine microalbumin: creatinine ratio was examined before and after treatment. We recommended lifestyle changes to all patients. Captopril was started in those who could not be controlled with lifestyle changes and those who had stage 2 hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four hypertensive obese (mean age 13.1), 27 healthy (mean age 11.2) and 22 non-hypertensive obese (mean age 11.5) children were investigated. The pre-treatment urine albumin: creatinine ratio was positively correlated with pre-treatment MIG levels (r=0.41, p<0.05). RANTES was significantly higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive and non-hypertensive obese group than in the controls. The urinary IP10 and MIG levels were higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive obese group than in the non-hypertensive obese. Comparison of the pre- and post-treatment values indicated significant decreases in RANTES, IP10, and MIG levels in the hypertensive obese group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Th1 cells could be activated in obese hypertensive children before the onset of clinical indicators of target organ damage. Urinary RANTES seemed to be affected by both hypertension and obesity, and urinary IP10 and MIG seemed to be affected predominantly by hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Clinic of Child Health and Diseases, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 216 542 20 20 E-mail: duyguovunc@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.forename: Faysal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gök
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pekel
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Muşabak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000652:urine; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000652:urine; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000652:urine; D018925:Chemokines / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines; D002216:Captopril
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