title: Mixture of Arginine, Glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate Enhances the Healing of Ischemic Wounds in Rats.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of an amino acid mixture containing arginine, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate on secondary healing of ischemic wounds in a rat model (N = 18).
  
  
  
  After the formation of a bipediculated flap on each rat, 2 full-thickness excisional skin wounds (2 × 2 cm) were created on every flap. The rats were then randomized into the control and treatment groups. Every rat received standardized rat food throughout the study. The rats in the treatment group were administered an extra 200 mg/kg of L-arginine, 200 mg/kg of L-glutamine, and 40 mg/kg of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate per day. Wound sizes were measured on days 0, 4, 10, and 14. The rats were sacrificed, and the wounds were excised for biochemical and histologic examination on the 14th day.
  
  
  
  As compared with the control group, the treatment group's wound sizes were significantly smaller on days 10 and 14 ( P < .001), as was its inflammatory cell accumulation score ( P = .008). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in collagen accumulation ( P = .340), granulation tissue maturation ( P = .161), angiogenesis ( P = .387), or reepithelialization ( P = .190) and no significant difference between hydroxyproline concentrations in wounds ( P = .287).
  
  
  
  This amino acid combination seems to have a positive impact on the secondary healing of experimental ischemic wounds when introduced as a supplement to the standard diet, and the reduction in the inflammatory process appears to play a role in this effect.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of General Surgery, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rıza Haldun
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gündoğdu
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Gemerek State Hospital, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Temel
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of General Surgery, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahadır Osman
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Bozkırlı
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of General Surgery, Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Pathology, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yazgan
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Biochemistry, Etimesgut Public Health Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zuhal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014631:Valerates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014631:Valerates; D005973:Glutamine; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid; D003094:Collagen; D001120:Arginine; D006909:Hydroxyproline
keywords: amino acid; arginine; glutamine; ischemic wound; wound healing; β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate