title: [Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis:clinical analysis of 11 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, radiological data of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, radiological data of eleven patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main symptoms included epilepsy presented in 9 cases, psychiatric symptom in 7 cases, dyskinesia in 5 cases, autonomic dysfunction in 3 cases. The anti-NMDA receptor antibody was found in all the patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). No teratoma was detected in any of the patients, and 1 case had lung cancer. All the patients received immune therapy. And at discharge, 4 cases recuperated generally, 7 cases had different degrees of dysfunction. After telephone follow-up of 1-18 months, 1 case was lost, 3 cases had complete recovery, and 7 cases had different degrees of sequela.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When Patients without mental illness history presents with unexplained mental symptoms accompanied by seizures, memory impairment, disturbance of consciousness, movement disorders, autonomic dysfunction and other symptoms, anti-NMDA receptor antibodies studies in both serum and CSF should be done as early as possible in order to facilitate early diagnosis, early treatment and improve the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Huiqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Email: zhangjiewen9900@126.com.
authors.forename: Jiewen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; D000906:Antibodies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D004827:Epilepsy; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders; D009069:Movement Disorders; D011379:Prognosis; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D012640:Seizures; D013724:Teratoma
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate