title: Chiba study of Mother and Children's Health (C-MACH): cohort study with omics analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent epidemiological studies have shown that environmental factors during the fetal period to early childhood might affect the risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This is referred to as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept. The Chiba study of Mother and Children's Health (C-MACH) is a birth cohort study based on the DOHaD hypothesis and involves multiomics analysis. This study aims to explore the effects of genetic and environmental factors--particularly the fetal environment and postbirth living environment--on children's health, and to identify potential biomarkers for these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The C-MACH consists of three hospital-based cohorts. The study participants are pregnant women at <13 weeks gestation. Women who underwent an examination in one of the three hospitals received an explanation of the study. The participants consented to completing questionnaire surveys and the collection and storage of biological and house/environmental samples. Participants were provided unique study numbers. All of the data and biological specimens will be stored in the Chiba University Center for Preventive Medical Sciences and Chiba University Center for Preventive Medical Sciences BioBank, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consent to participate was obtained from 433 women. Of these women, 376 women completed questionnaires in the early gestational period. The mean age was 32.5 (4.4) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.1 (3.0) kg/m(2). Before pregnancy, 72.3% of the women had a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2). During early pregnancy, 5.0% of the participants smoked.
  Primary outcomes are allergy, obesity, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and developmental disorders. Genome-level, metabolome-level, umbilical cord DNA methylation (epigenome), gut microbiota and environmental chemical exposure variables will be evaluated. We will analyse the relationships between the outcomes and analytical variables.
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaso
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Todaka
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideoki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D000067576:Child Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000068097:Maternal Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Birth cohort; Children; Environmental chemicals; Pregnant women
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