title: SncRNA (microRNA &snoRNA) opposite expression pattern found in multiple sclerosis relapse and remission is sex dependent.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory and degenerative disease that causes neurological disability. It affects young adults and its prevalence is higher in women. The most common form is manifested as a series of acute episodes of neurological disability (relapses) followed by a recovery phase (remission). Recently, non-coding RNAs have emerged as new players in transcriptome regulation, and in turn, they could have a significant role in MS pathogenesis. In this context, our aim was to investigate the involvement of microRNAs and snoRNAs in the relapse-remission dynamics of MS in peripheral blood leucocytes, to shed light on the molecular and regulatory mechanisms that underlie this complex process. With this approach, we found that a subset of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) is altered in relapse and remission, revealing unexpected opposite changes that are sex dependent. Furthermore, we found that a relapse-related miRNA signature regulated general metabolism processes in leucocytes, and miRNA altered in remission are involved in the regulation of innate immunity. We observed that sncRNA dysregulation is different in relapse and remission leading to differences in transcriptome regulation, and that this process is sex dependent. In conclusion, relapse and remission have a different molecular background in men and women.
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maider
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Culla
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.|Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Haritz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Irizar
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Matías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sáenz-Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Donostia, Neurology Department, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Castillo-Triviño
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Osorio-Querejeta
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Donostia, Neurology Department, San Sebastian, Spain.|University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Department of Neuroscience, San Sebastian, Spain.|CIBERNED: Parque científico de Madrid. C/ Faraday 7 -28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López de Munain
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Donostia, Neurology Department, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olascoaga
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Institute, Neuroscience Area, Multiple Sclerosis Group, San Sebastian, Spain.|REEM: Spanish network on Multiple Sclerosis (Red española de esclerosis múltiple -REEM-), Casanoves, 143, Recepción Edificio CELLEX, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Otaegui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood*; D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar
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