title: Multiple Exposures to Ascaris suum Induce Tissue Injury and Mixed Th2/Th17 Immune Response in Mice.
abstract: Ascaris spp. infection affects 800 million people worldwide, and half of the world population is currently at risk of infection. Recurrent reinfection in humans is mostly due to the simplicity of the parasite life cycle, but the impact of multiple exposures to the biology of the infection and the consequences to the host's homeostasis are poorly understood. In this context, single and multiple exposures in mice were performed in order to characterize the parasitological, histopathological, tissue functional and immunological aspects of experimental larval ascariasis. The most important findings revealed that reinfected mice presented a significant reduction of parasite burden in the lung and an increase in the cellularity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) associated with a robust granulocytic pulmonary inflammation, leading to a severe impairment of respiratory function. Moreover, the multiple exposures to Ascaris elicited an increased number of circulating inflammatory cells as well as production of higher levels of systemic cytokines, mainly IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and TNF-α when compared to single-infected animals. Taken together, our results suggest the intense pulmonary inflammation associated with a polarized systemic Th2/Th17 immune response are crucial to control larval migration after multiple exposures to Ascaris.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Silva
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gazzinelli-Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Sérgio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.|Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathália Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Cavalcanti
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chiara Cássia Oliveira
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrício Marcus Silva
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Silvério
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Rocha
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Vidigal
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Caliari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaze
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian Lacerda
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Remo Castro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.|Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Toshio
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001196:Ascariasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D017165:Ascaris suum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
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