title: Technical complications during removal of locking screws from locking compression plates: a prospective multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk for technical complications in patients undergoing removal of locking compression plates (LCP) with head locking screws.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 205 patients who were scheduled for implant removal surgery after a healed fracture of the femur, tibia, humerus, distal radius, or clavicle in nine Austrian clinics were prospectively included in the study, all of whom had previously undergone fracture fixation by plates, with titanium implants used in 98 % of the patients. Intraoperative technical complications and the methods used to solve them were documented by the surgeon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the course of this study, a total of 1,462 locking screws were removed from 204 LCPs. While 95 % of these screws could be removed without difficulties, technical complications were reported for 41 patients with 78 screws which could not be removed with standard screwdrivers and required the use of additional instruments. The estimated risk for the occurrence of at least one technical complication during implant removal surgery was 20.1 %. The most frequently observed complications were screws that could not be loosened because they were jammed in the LCP, screws with a damaged recess in which the screwdriver turned freely, as well as a combination of both events. The majority of these screws could be removed with the use of a conical extraction screw or by drilling off the screw head. In one patient, an intraoperative refracture of the humerus occurred during plate removal. Even though there is a rate of 20 % for technical complications when removing the implants, only a few patients experience a clinical impact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Titanium LCPs are prone to technical complications during implant removal, but the majority of the issues can be solved using special techniques.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria. nikolaus.schwarz@auva.at.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department for Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Euler
authors.affiliation: AO Clinical Investigation and Documentation (AOCID), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlittler
authors.affiliation: Trauma Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulbing
authors.affiliation: Trauma Hospital, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Trauma Hospital, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fronhöfer
authors.affiliation: General Hospital, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irnstorfer
keywords: Complications; Implant removal; Locking compression plate; Locking screw
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