title: Clinical utility of the Wechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) is one of the most widely used test batteries to assess memory functions in patients with brain dysfunctions of different etiologies. This study examined the clinical validation of the Dutch Wechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition (WMS-IV-NL) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 75 patients with intractable TLE, who were eligible for epilepsy surgery, and 77 demographically matched healthy controls. All participants were examined with the WMS-IV-NL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with TLE performed significantly worse than healthy controls on all WMS-IV-NL indices and subtests (p<.01), with the exception of the Visual Working Memory Index including its contributing subtests, as well as the subtests Logical Memory I, Verbal Paired Associates I, and Designs II. In addition, patients with mesiotemporal abnormalities performed significantly worse than patients with lateral temporal abnormalities on the subtests Logical Memory I and Designs II and all the indices (p<.05), with the exception of the Auditory Memory Index and Visual Working Memory Index. Patients with either a left or a right temporal focus performed equally on all WMS-IV-NL indices and subtests (F(15, 50)=.70, p=.78), as well as the Auditory-Visual discrepancy score (t(64)=-1.40, p=.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WMS-IV-NL is capable of detecting memory problems in patients with TLE, indicating that it is a sufficiently valid memory battery. Furthermore, the findings support previous research showing that the WMS-IV has limited value in identifying material-specific memory deficits in presurgical patients with TLE.
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Academic Centre for Epileptology, Heeze, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: z.bouman@donders.ru.nl.
authors.forename: Zita
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bouman
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Academic Centre for Epileptology, Heeze, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Didi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elhorst
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Academic Centre for Epileptology, Heeze, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marc P H
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.affiliation: Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roy P C
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Academic Centre for Epileptology, Heeze, The Netherlands; Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology and School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands; University Hospital Ghent, Department of Neurology, Ghent, Belgium; Technical University Eindhoven, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Signal Processing System Group, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aldenkamp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Episodic memory; Neuropsychological assessment; Neuropsychological testing; Temporal lobe epilepsy; Validation; Wechsler