title: Clinical Characteristics and Cytokine Profiles of Organizing Pneumonia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with or without Biologics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been reported that organizing pneumonia (OP) develops when patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD). However, the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of OP in RA remain unknown in patients treated with bDMARD. We investigated the clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles of patients with RA-OP treated with bDMARD or conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with RA who had developed OP were enrolled. These patients included 12 treated with bDMARD (bDMARD-OP subset) and 12 treated with csDMARD (csDMARD-OP subset). We compared the clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles between the patients with OP (OP subset, n = 24) and non-OP patients (non-OP subset, n = 29).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the OP subset and the non-OP subset. Four patients developed OP within 2 months of bDMARD administration. In the other 8 patients, OP developed more than 1 year after the initiation of bDMARD. OP improved with corticosteroid treatment in all bDMARD-OP patients. After OP improved, bDMARD were readministered in 6 patients, and no OP recurrence was observed in any of these patients. Our multivariate analysis revealed that serum levels of interferon-α (IFN-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 were significantly associated with the development of OP, although these cytokines tended to be lower in the bDMARD-OP subset than in the csDMARD-OP subset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OP is unlikely to be fatal in patients treated with bDMARD or csDMARD. IFN-α and proinflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathophysiology of OP in RA.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.H. Kawasumi, MD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; T. Gono, MD, PhD, Lecturer, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; E. Tanaka, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Kaneko, MSc, Technical Researcher, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Y. Kawaguchi, MD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Yamanaka, MD, PhD, Director, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Hidenaga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasumi
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.H. Kawasumi, MD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; T. Gono, MD, PhD, Lecturer, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; E. Tanaka, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Kaneko, MSc, Technical Researcher, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Y. Kawaguchi, MD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Yamanaka, MD, PhD, Director, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University. tgono@twmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gono
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.H. Kawasumi, MD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; T. Gono, MD, PhD, Lecturer, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; E. Tanaka, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Kaneko, MSc, Technical Researcher, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Y. Kawaguchi, MD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Yamanaka, MD, PhD, Director, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.H. Kawasumi, MD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; T. Gono, MD, PhD, Lecturer, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; E. Tanaka, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Kaneko, MSc, Technical Researcher, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Y. Kawaguchi, MD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Yamanaka, MD, PhD, Director, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.H. Kawasumi, MD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; T. Gono, MD, PhD, Lecturer, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; E. Tanaka, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Kaneko, MSc, Technical Researcher, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Y. Kawaguchi, MD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Yamanaka, MD, PhD, Director, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.H. Kawasumi, MD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; T. Gono, MD, PhD, Lecturer, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; E. Tanaka, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Kaneko, MSc, Technical Researcher, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Y. Kawaguchi, MD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University; H. Yamanaka, MD, PhD, Director, Professor, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018549:Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: BIOLOGIC THERAPY; INTERFERON-α; ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS