title: Long-Term Results of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis with a Resorbable Device in Infants with Robin Sequence: Effects on Developing Molars and Mandibular Growth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mandibular distraction osteogenesis with a unidirectional resorbable device is an effective treatment option for severe upper airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence. Long-term effects, especially with regard to tooth development and mandibular outgrowth, are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Robin sequence infants with a follow-up of greater than or equal to 5 years were included. Baseline characteristics were extracted from medical records. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed and patients were recalled for physical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten infants underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis at a mean age of 3.7 months (median, 19 months; range, 11 days to 27 months). Mean length of follow-up was 6.8 years (range, 5.0 to 7.9 years). Ten Robin sequence infants without mandibular distraction osteogenesis (mean length of follow-up, 7.4 years; range, 6.7 to 8.9 years) were the controls. Shape anomalies, positional changes, and root malformations of molars were seen significantly more often than in the control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.009, and p = 0.043, respectively). Mandibular length was shorter (p = 0.030), but mandibular ramus height was comparable (p = 0.838) with that of the non-mandibular distraction osteogenesis group. Compared with healthy controls, all Robin sequence infants had a significantly shorter mandible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mandibular distraction osteogenesis with a resorbable system reveals overall good short- and long-term results, but the effects on developing molars and mandibular outgrowth likely necessitate secondary procedures. This factor should be considered when deciding on treatment options and counseling of parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, III.
authors.affiliation: Utrecht, The Netherlands From the Departments of Paediatric Plastic Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital; and University Medical Centre.
authors.forename: Emma C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Paes
authors.forename: Gerhard K P
authors.initials: GKP
authors.lastname: Bittermann
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bittermann
authors.forename: Marvick M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Muradin
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Hogezand
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Etty
authors.forename: Aebele B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mink van der Molen
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: Corstiaan C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Breugem
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000601:surgery*; D008963:Molar / Q000254:growth & development*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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