title: Weapon identification using antemortem CT with 3D reconstruction, is it always possible?--A report in a case of facial blunt and sharp injuries using an ashtray.
abstract: An interesting case of homicide involving the use of a heavy glass ashtray is described. The victim, a 81-years-old woman, has survived for few days and died in hospital. The external examination of the victim showed extensive blunt and sharp facial injuries and defense injuries on both the hands. The autopsy examination showed numerous tears on the face, as well as multiple fractures of the facial bones. Computer tomography scan, with 3D reconstruction, performed in hospital before death, was used to identify the weapon used for the crime. In recent years new diagnostics tools such as computer tomography has been widely used, especially in cases involving sharp and blunt forces. Computer tomography has proven to be very valuable in analyzing fractures of the cranial teca for forensic purpose, in particular antemortem computer tomography with 3D reconstruction is becoming an important tool in the process of weapon identification, thanks to the possibility to identify and make comparison between the shape of the object used to commit the crime, the injury and the objects found during the investigations. No previous reports on the use of this technique, for the weapon identification process, in cases of isolated facial fractures were described. We report a case in which, despite the correct use of this technique, it was not possible for the forensic pathologist to identify the weapon used to commit the crime. Authors wants to highlight the limits encountered in the use of computer tomography with 3D reconstruction as a tool for weapon identification when facial fractures occurred.
authors.affiliation: Legal Medicine Section - SAIMLAL Department, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariarosaria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aromatario
authors.affiliation: Legal Medicine Section - SAIMLAL Department, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, 00161 Roma, Italy. Electronic address: simone.cappelletti@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cappelletti
authors.affiliation: Legal Medicine Section - SAIMLAL Department, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bottoni
authors.affiliation: Legal Medicine Section - SAIMLAL Department, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola Antonella
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.affiliation: Legal Medicine Section - SAIMLAL Department, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciallella
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001344:Autopsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006708:Homicide; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D054041:Weapons; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: 3D reconstruction; Antemortem computer tomography; Blunt injury; Homicide; Sharp injury; Weapon identification