title: Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurotrophic Factor-Induced Protection in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease-Lessons from Transgenic Mice.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by histopathological and biochemical manifestations such as loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons and decrease in dopamine levels accompanied by a concomitant neuroinflammatory response in the affected brain regions. Over the past decades, the use of toxin-based animal models has been crucial to elucidate disease pathophysiology, and to develop therapeutic approaches aimed to alleviate its motor symptoms. Analyses of transgenic mice deficient for cytokines, chemokine as well as neurotrophic factors and their respective receptors in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD have broadened the current knowledge of neuroinflammation and neurotrophic support. Here, we provide a comprehensive review that summarises the contribution of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced neurodegeneration. Moreover, we highlight the contribution of neurotrophic factors as endogenous and/or exogenous molecules to slow the progression of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons and further discuss the potential of combined therapeutic approaches employing neuroinflammation modifying agents and neurotrophic factors.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany. venissa.machado@sgbm.uni-freiburg.de.|Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 19A, Freiburg 79104, Germany. venissa.machado@sgbm.uni-freiburg.de.|Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany. venissa.machado@sgbm.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Venissa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany. tanja.zoeller@anat.uni-freiburg.de.|Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany. tanja.zoeller@anat.uni-freiburg.de.|Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany. tanja.zoeller@anat.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zöller
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany. abdelraheim.attaai@anat.uni-freiburg.de.|Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany. abdelraheim.attaai@anat.uni-freiburg.de.|Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt. abdelraheim.attaai@anat.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Abdelraheim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Attaai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany. bjoern.spittau@anat.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spittau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor
keywords: MPTP; Parkinson’s disease; microglia; neuroinflammation; neuroprotection; neurotrophic factors
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