title: Seasonal induction of alternative principal pathway for rose flower scent.
abstract: Ecological adaptations to seasonal changes are often observed in the phenotypic traits of plants and animals, and these adaptations are usually expressed through the production of different biochemical end products. In this study, ecological adaptations are observed in a biochemical pathway without alteration of the end products. We present an alternative principal pathway to the characteristic floral scent compound 2-phenylethanol (2PE) in roses. The new pathway is seasonally induced in summer as a heat adaptation that uses rose phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (RyPPDC) as a novel enzyme. RyPPDC transcript levels and the resulting production of 2PE are increased time-dependently under high temperatures. The novel summer pathway produces levels of 2PE that are several orders of magnitude higher than those produced by the previously known pathway. Our results indicate that the alternative principal pathway identified here is a seasonal adaptation for managing the weakened volatility of summer roses.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomida
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Momoyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University (Shizuoka University), 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.|Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.|Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, Kamogawa, Chiba, 299-5502, Japan.|Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Human Metabolome Technologies Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dohra
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.|Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoharu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D010641:Phenotype; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000378:metabolism; D027826:Rosa / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
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