title: Interactions of Environmental Factors and APOA1-APOC3-APOA4-APOA5 Gene Cluster Gene Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for Metabolic syndrome. We evaluated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and the MetS risk and analyzed the interactions of environmental factors and APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster polymorphisms with MetS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study on the prevalence and risk factors for MetS was conducted using data from a large cross-sectional survey representative of the population of Jilin Province situated in northeastern China. A total of 16,831 participations were randomly chosen by multistage stratified cluster sampling of residents aged from 18 to 79 years in all nine administrative areas of the province. Environmental factors associated with MetS were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses based on the weighted sample data. A sub-sample of 1813 survey subjects who met the criteria for MetS patients and 2037 controls from this case-control study were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and MetS risk. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and SNP genotyping was determined by MALDI-TOF-MS. The associations between SNPs and MetS were examined using a case-control study design. The interactions of environmental factors and APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster polymorphisms with MetS were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall adjusted prevalence of MetS was 32.86% in Jilin province. The prevalence of MetS in men was 36.64%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence in women (29.66%). MetS was more common in urban areas (33.86%) than in rural areas (31.80%). The prevalence of MetS significantly increased with age (OR = 8.621, 95%CI = 6.594-11.272). Mental labor (OR = 1.098, 95%CI = 1.008-1.195), current smoking (OR = 1.259, 95%CI = 1.108-1.429), excess salt intake (OR = 1.252, 95%CI = 1.149-1.363), and a fruit and dairy intake less than 2 servings a week were positively associated with MetS (P<0.05). A family history of diabetes (OR = 1.630, 95%CI = 1.484-1.791), cardiovascular disease or cerebral diseases (OR = 1.297, 95%CI = 1.211-1.389) was associated with MetS. APOA1 rs670, APOA5 rs662799 and rs651821 revealed significant differences in genotype distributions between the MetS patients and control subjects. The minor alleles of APOA1 rs670, APOA5 rs662799 and rs651821, and APOA5 rs2075291 were associated with MetS (P<0.0016). APOA1 rs5072 and APOC3 rs5128, APOA5 rs651821 and rs662799 were in strong linkage disequilibrium to each other with r2 greater than 0.8. Five haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.23, 1.58, 1.80, 1.90, and 1.98). When we investigated the interactions of environmental factors and APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster gene polymorphisms, we found that APOA5 rs662799 had interactions with tobacco use and alcohol consumption (PGE<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high prevalence of MetS in the northeast of China. Male gender, increasing age, mental labor, family history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cerebral diseases, current smoking, excess salt intake, fruit and dairy intake less than 2 servings a week, and drinking were associated with MetS. The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster was associated with MetS in the Han Chinese. APOA5 rs662799 had interactions with the environmental factors associated with MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.|Division of Clinical Epidemiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Yaqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Tiancheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Shibin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Wenwang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Jieping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China.
authors.forename: Changgui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000235:genetics*; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000235:genetics*; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D005810:Multigene Family; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; C437704:APOA5 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV
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