title: Motives and activities for continuing professional development: An exploration of their relationships by integrating literature and interview data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To effectively enhance professional development, it is important to understand the motivational factors behind nurses' engagement in particular types of learning activities. Nurses have various motives for professional development and utilise different learning activities. Not much is known about how these relate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between nurses' motives and activities for continuing professional development, by examining in which types of learning activities nurses engage, with which motives, and whether certain motives are associated with certain learning activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one nurses in academic and general Dutch hospitals participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interview data on nurses' learning biographies were analysed using a literature-based framework on motives and learning activities for continuing professional development. As recent classifications of nurses' motives for professional development were absent, the literature was reviewed for motives, using three databases. The interview transcripts were analysed for motives, learning activities and their relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine motives and four categories of learning activities for continuing professional development were delineated. Increasing competence was the primary motive that stimulated nurses to engage in self-directed learning during work, and in formal learning activities. To comply with requirements, they engaged in mandatory courses. To deepen knowledge, they registered for conferences. To develop their careers, they enrolled in postgraduate education. Five other motives were not mentioned as frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific motives were found to be related to engagement in particular learning activities. Nurses could use these findings to increase their awareness of why and how they develop professionally, and managers and human resource development professionals could develop approaches that would better suit nurses' needs.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Education and Training, HB 4.05, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: i.a.pool@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Inge A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pool
authors.affiliation: Tilburg University, Department of Human Resource Studies, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands. Electronic address: R.Poell@uvt.nl.
authors.forename: Rob F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Poell
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc Health Academy, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen (HP 51), The Netherlands. Electronic address: Marjolein.Berings@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Marjolein G M C
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Berings
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Education and Training, HB 4.05, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: T.J.tenCate@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ten Cate
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D009042:Motivation; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013192:Staff Development / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Continuing professional development; Learning activities; Motivation; Motivational orientations; Motives; Nurses; Workplace learning