title: Role of Circulating Fibrocytes in Cardiac Fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is revealed that circulating fibrocytes are elevated in patients/animals with cardiac fibrosis, and this review aims to provide an introduction to circulating fibrocytes and their role in cardiac fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on the data from 1994 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were "circulating fibrocytes " and "cardiac fibrosis ".
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles and critical reviews, which are related to circulating fibrocytes and cardiac fibrosis, were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating fibrocytes, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells, represent a subset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibiting mixed morphological and molecular characteristics of hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells (CD34+/CD45+/collagen I+). They can produce extracellular matrix and many cytokines. It is shown that circulating fibrocytes participate in many fibrotic diseases, including cardiac fibrosis. Evidence accumulated in recent years shows that aging individuals and patients with hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, and atrial fibrillation have more circulating fibrocytes in peripheral blood and/or heart tissue, and this elevation of circulating fibrocytes is correlated with the degree of fibrosis in the hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating fibrocytes are effector cells in cardiac fibrosis.
authors.forename: Rong-Jie
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zi-Zhuo
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Shu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yu-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Ru-Qiong
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Jing-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Lun
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*
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