title: Eye-tracking reveals a slowdown of social context processing during intention attribution in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schizophrenia is associated with poor theory of mind (ToM), particularly in the attribution of intentions to others. It is also associated with abnormal gaze behaviours and contextual processing. This study investigated to what extent impaired ToM in patients with schizophrenia is related to abnormal processing of social context.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated ToM using a nonverbal intention attribution task based on comic strips depicting social/nonsocial and contextual/noncontextual events while eye movements were recorded. Eye-tracking was used to assess processing time dedicated to visual cues contained in regions of interest identified in a pilot study. We measured cognitive contextual control on a separate task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested 29 patients with schizophrenia and 29 controls. Compared with controls, patients were slower in intention attribution but not in physical reasoning. They looked longer than controls at contextual cues displayed in the first 2 context pictures of the comic strips, and this difference was greater for intention attribution than for physical reasoning. We found no group difference in time spent looking at noncontextual cues. Patients' impairment in contextual control did not explain their increased reaction time and gaze duration on contextual cues during intention attribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Difficulty may not have been equivalent between intention attribution and physical reasoning conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, schizophrenia was characterized by a delay in intention attribution related to a slowdown of social context processing that was not explained by worse executive contextual control.
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France (Roux, Ramus); the Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux); the Laboratoire HandiRESP EA4047, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet); and the Fondation FondaMental, Réseau des Centres Experts, Créteil, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France (Roux, Ramus); the Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux); the Laboratoire HandiRESP EA4047, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet); and the Fondation FondaMental, Réseau des Centres Experts, Créteil, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux).
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunet-Gouet
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France (Roux, Ramus); the Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux); the Laboratoire HandiRESP EA4047, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet); and the Fondation FondaMental, Réseau des Centres Experts, Créteil, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux).
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passerieux
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France (Roux, Ramus); the Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux); the Laboratoire HandiRESP EA4047, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet); and the Fondation FondaMental, Réseau des Centres Experts, Créteil, France (Roux, Brunet-Gouet, Passerieux).
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D056344:Executive Function; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012938:Social Perception; D056345:Theory of Mind; D013850:Thinking
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