title: Inverse association of highly chlorinated dioxin congeners in maternal breast milk with dehydroepiandrosterone levels in three-year-old Vietnamese children.
abstract: This study aims to evaluate the endocrine-disrupting effect of dioxin congeners on adrenal steroid hormones in mother-child pairs. In our previous study, we found that cortisol and cortisone levels were higher in the blood and the saliva of mothers living in a dioxin hotspot area than in mothers from a non-exposed region in Vietnam. In this follow-up study, we determined the salivary steroid hormone levels in 49 and 55 three-year-old children of these mothers in the hotspot and non-exposed region, respectively. Steroid hormones were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and dioxin in the maternal breast milk was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dioxin levels in the breast milk of mothers from the hotspot (median total toxic equivalents polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans; (TEQ PCDD/Fs) of 11pg/g lipid) were three to four times higher than those of mothers in the non-exposed region (median TEQ PCDD/Fs of 3.07pg/g lipid). Salivary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels in children were found to be significantly lower in the hotspot than in the non-exposed region, while cortisol and cortisone levels were not different between the two regions. Highly chlorinated dioxin congeners, such as octacholorodibenzodioxin (OCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptacholorodibenzodioxin (HpCDD) and 1,2,3,4 (or 6), 7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin Hx(CDD), showed stronger inverse associations with the children's salivary DHEA than other lowly chlorinated dioxin congeners. Glucocorticoid levels in the mothers exhibited a significantly positive correlation with OCDD and HpCDD/F (polychlorinated dibenzofurans). In conclusion, highly chlorinated dioxin congeners are more strongly correlated with endocrine-disrupting effects on adrenal hormones, resulting in high cortisol levels in the mothers and low DHEA levels in their three-year-old children.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan. Electronic address: kido@mhs.mp.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Seijiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Dang Duc
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Nhu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, No. 10 Huynh Van Nghe, Buu Long, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Ho Dung
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Manh
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University, No.1 Ton That Tung, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Viettiep Hospital, No. 1 Nha Thuong, Le Chan, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Dao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Tung
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhenjiang, China.
authors.forename: Sun Xian
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Le Thai
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Anh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruzeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University, No.1 Ton That Tung, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Nguyen Ngoc
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 67 Nguyen Du Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Le Ke
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D014744:Vietnam; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone
keywords: Cortisol; Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA); Dioxin; Endocrine-disruption; Vietnamese children