title: Effect of Removal of Planned Parenthood from the Texas Women's Health Program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Texas is one of several states that have barred Planned Parenthood affiliates from providing health care services with the use of public funds. After the federal government refused to allow (and courts blocked) the exclusion of Planned Parenthood affiliates from the Texas Medicaid fee-for-service family-planning program, Texas excluded them from a state-funded replacement program, effective January 1, 2013. We assessed rates of contraceptive-method provision, method continuation through the program, and childbirth covered by Medicaid before and after the Planned Parenthood exclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used all program claims from 2011 through 2014 to examine changes in the number of claims for contraceptives according to method for 2 years before and 2 years after the exclusion. Among women using injectable contraceptives at baseline, we observed rates of contraceptive continuation through the program and of childbirth covered by Medicaid. We used the difference-in-differences method to compare outcomes in counties with Planned Parenthood affiliates with outcomes in those without such affiliates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the Planned Parenthood exclusion, there were estimated reductions in the number of claims from 1042 to 672 (relative reduction, 35.5%) for long-acting, reversible contraceptives and from 6832 to 4708 (relative reduction, 31.1%) for injectable contraceptives (P<0.001 for both comparisons). There was no significant change in the number of claims for short-acting hormonal contraceptive methods during this period. Among women using injectable contraceptives, the percentage of women who returned for a subsequent on-time contraceptive injection decreased from 56.9% among those whose subsequent injections were due before the exclusion to 37.7% among those whose subsequent injections were due after the exclusion in the counties with Planned Parenthood affiliates but increased from 54.9% to 58.5% in the counties without such affiliates (estimated difference in differences in counties with affiliates as compared with those without affiliates, -22.9 percentage points; P<0.001). During this period in counties with Planned Parenthood affiliates, the rate of childbirth covered by Medicaid increased by 1.9 percentage points (a relative increase of 27.1% from baseline) within 18 months after the claim (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exclusion of Planned Parenthood affiliates from a state-funded replacement for a Medicaid fee-for-service program in Texas was associated with adverse changes in the provision of contraception. For women using injectable contraceptives, there was a reduction in the rate of contraceptive continuation and an increase in the rate of childbirth covered by Medicaid. (Funded by the Susan T. Buffett Foundation.).
authors.affiliation: From the Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin (A.J.S., J.E.P.), the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (I.M.F.-V., R.L.A.), and Graves, Dougherty, Hearon, and Moody (P.S.) - all in Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: From the Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin (A.J.S., J.E.P.), the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (I.M.F.-V., R.L.A.), and Graves, Dougherty, Hearon, and Moody (P.S.) - all in Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Imelda M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Flores-Vazquez
authors.affiliation: From the Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin (A.J.S., J.E.P.), the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (I.M.F.-V., R.L.A.), and Graves, Dougherty, Hearon, and Moody (P.S.) - all in Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Allgeyer
authors.affiliation: From the Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin (A.J.S., J.E.P.), the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (I.M.F.-V., R.L.A.), and Graves, Dougherty, Hearon, and Moody (P.S.) - all in Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Pete
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schenkkan
authors.affiliation: From the Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin (A.J.S., J.E.P.), the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (I.M.F.-V., R.L.A.), and Graves, Dougherty, Hearon, and Moody (P.S.) - all in Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D001723:Birth Rate / Q000639:trends; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018588:Fee-for-Service Plans; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000639:trends; D066149:International Planned Parenthood Federation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013219:State Government; D013781:Texas; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations
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