title: Chronic rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon: comparison of 2-year results following primary versus revision open subpectoral biceps tenodesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of surgical repair for proximal long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon ruptures comparing chronic primary and postsurgical revision LHB tendon ruptures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent subpectoral LHB tenodesis for chronic ruptures with a minimum of 2 years from surgery were identified. ASES and SF-12 PCS scores and surgical and demographic data were collected prospectively. At final follow-up, patients were interviewed regarding symptoms related to their biceps. Symptoms were converted into a Subjective Proximal Biceps Score (SPBS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients (22 males, 5 females) with a mean age of 61 years (range 40-76 years) underwent LHB tenodeses. Twenty patients (74.1 %) were primary repairs for chronic ruptures and seven patients (25.9 %) were revision repairs after failed prior LHB tenodesis. Twenty-five patients (92.6 %; n = 18 primary; n = 7 revision) were available for follow-up a mean of 3.8 years (range 2-6.1). The overall median postoperative SPBS showed significant improvement over the preoperative baseline (p < 0.001). Individual components of the SPBS showed substantial improvements. The SPBS significantly correlated with the postoperative ASES score (r = -0.478; p = 0.038). There were no differences in postoperative SPBSs between the primary and revision tenodesis groups. The mean postoperative ASES score was 90.3 and SF-12 PCS was 52.6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open subpectoral LHB tenodesis was a safe and effective method for the treatment of chronic LHB tendon ruptures and for the revision of failed post-surgical LHB ruptures. Patients had less pain, cramping, and deformity after LHB tenodesis. The SPBS, ASES, and SF-12 PCS scores significantly improved among this group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III; Retrospective comparative study.
authors.affiliation: Center for Outcomes-based Orthopaedic Research (COOR), Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO, 81657, USA. simon.euler@tirol-kliniken.at.|The Steadman Clinic, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA. simon.euler@tirol-kliniken.at.|Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. simon.euler@tirol-kliniken.at.
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Euler
authors.affiliation: Center for Outcomes-based Orthopaedic Research (COOR), Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
authors.forename: Marilee P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-3746
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.affiliation: Center for Outcomes-based Orthopaedic Research (COOR), Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.|The Steadman Clinic, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ellman
authors.affiliation: Center for Outcomes-based Orthopaedic Research (COOR), Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Greenspoon
authors.affiliation: Center for Outcomes-based Orthopaedic Research (COOR), Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.|The Steadman Clinic, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-3746
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Millett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D001863:Bone Screws; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000601:surgery; D053441:Suture Anchors; D013710:Tendons / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D053656:Tenodesis / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Biceps score; Chronic biceps rupture; Interference screw; Revision; Subpectoral tenodesis; Suture anchors