title: The association between tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, stress, and depression among uninsured free clinic patients: U.S.-born English speakers, non-U.S.-born English speakers, and Spanish speakers.
abstract: The abuse of substances is a significant public health issue. Perceived stress and depression have been found to be related to the abuse of substances. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of substance use (i.e., alcohol problems, smoking, and drug use) and the association between substance use, perceived stress, and depression among free clinic patients. Patients completed a self-administered survey in 2015 (N = 504). The overall prevalence of substance use among free clinic patients was not high compared to the U.S. general population. U.S.-born English speakers reported a higher prevalence rate of tobacco smoking and drug use than did non-U.S.-born English speakers and Spanish speakers. Alcohol problems and smoking were significantly related to higher levels of perceived stress and depression. Substance use prevention and education should be included in general health education programs. U.S.-born English speakers would need additional attention. Mental health intervention would be essential to prevention and intervention.
authors.affiliation: a University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.affiliation: b Maliheh Free Clinic , Salt Lake City , Utah.
authors.forename: Jeanie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashby
authors.affiliation: a University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tabler
authors.affiliation: a University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah.
authors.forename: Maziar M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nourian
authors.affiliation: a University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah.|c Vietnam National University , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ha Ngoc
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.affiliation: a University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: d University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina.
authors.forename: Justine J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology*; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology*; D017664:Uncompensated Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol problems; depression; drug use; free clinics; stress; tobacco smoking