title: Parents' and Adolescents' Attitudes about Parental Involvement in Clinical Research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand parent and adolescent attitudes toward parental involvement during clinical trials and factors related to those attitudes.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a study on willingness to participate in a hypothetical microbicide study, adolescents and their parents were interviewed separately.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescent medicine clinics in New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 301 dyads of adolescents (ages 14-17 years; 62% female; 72% Hispanic) and their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  The interview included questions on demographic characteristics, sexual history, and family environment (subscales of the Family Environment Scale) that were associated with attitudes about parental involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis of the parental involvement scale yielded 2 factors: LEARN, reflecting gaining knowledge about study test results and behaviors (4 items) and PROCEDURE, reflecting enrollment and permissions (4 items). Adolescents endorsed significantly fewer items on the LEARN scale and the PROCEDURE scale indicating that adolescents believed in less parental involvement. There was no significant concordance between adolescents and their own parents on the LEARN scale and the PROCEDURE scale. In final multivariate models predicting attitudes, adolescents who were female and had sexual contact beyond kissing, and non-Hispanic parents had lower LEARN scores. Adolescents who were older, had previous research experience, and reported less moral or religious emphasis in their family had lower PROCEDURE scores; there were no significant predictors for parents in the multivariate analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents wanted greater involvement in the research process than adolescents. Recruitment and retention might be enhanced by managing these differing expectations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York. Electronic address: slr2154@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Ariel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Roche
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Medical Center - Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catallozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Carmen Radecki
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Breitkopf
authors.affiliation: New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Lisa S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ipp
authors.affiliation: New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jenny K R
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Mei-Chen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D035843:Biomedical Research; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009519:New York City; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D035842:Research Subjects / Q000523:psychology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent research participation; Clinical trials; Parental involvement; Sexually transmitted diseases
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