title: Explanatory Models of Illness and Treatment Goals in Temporomandibular Disorder Pain Patients Reporting Different Levels of Pain-Related Disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain patients reporting different levels of pain-related disability differ in terms of illness explanations and treatment expectations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive TMD pain patients (n = 399; mean ± SD age, 40.5 ± 12.7 years; 83% women) seeking treatment in primary care completed the Explanatory Model Scale (EMS). Patients were asked to indicate their expectations regarding the treatment. Each patient's pain-related disability level was determined using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, with scores indicating no (0 disability points), low (1-2 disability points), or high (3-6 disability points) disability. Differences between EMS factor scores were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Differences between study groups were analyzed using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-disability patients considered physical and stress factors as more important in causing and in aggravating pain and as targets of treatment compared with patients with no disability (P = .0196 and P = .0251, respectively). The great majority of patients indicated they would like to receive information, decrease pain, and increase jaw function, with no significant subtype differences noted. Compared with no-disability patients, low-disability and high-disability patients were more likely to expect increased ability to perform daily functions (P < .0001 in both comparisons), increased work ability (P < .0001 in both comparisons), and better stress management skills (P = .0014 and P = .0001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Illness explanations and goals for treatment differ in patients reporting different levels of TMD pain-related disability.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forssell
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kotiranta
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauko
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suvinen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*