title: Prevalence and risk factors for viral exposure in rural dogs around protected areas of the Atlantic forest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the crucial role of domestic dogs as reservoirs for zoonosis and some of the most threatening diseases for wild carnivores such as distemper and parvovirosis, little is known about the epidemiological features and the risk factors involved in pathogen exposure of dogs that live in human/wildlife interfaces and actually contacts wildlife. Through a cross-sectional serological approach and questionnaire survey, we assessed the prevalence along with individual and environment-associated risk factors for four important viral diseases of rural dogs living in households around six Atlantic Forest fragments in southeast Brazil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Widespread exposure to canine parvovirus (97%), canine distemper virus (15%) and canine adenovirus (27%) was detected, but none for canine coronavirus. Dogs from small private reserves were more exposed to parvovirus and canine distemper virus than those from larger state parks. Exposure was associated with dog sex and age, lack of health care and the number of people in the households. Remarkably, factors linked to free-ranging behaviour of dogs were associated with the exposure for all pathogens detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to identified associations, reducing viral pathogen exposure in dogs will require inhibiting dog's movements and access to nearby forests and villages and improving veterinary assistance. Promoting dog vaccination and population control through sterilization around protected areas is also necessary. The study provides support for preventive management actions aimed to protect the health of rural dogs, and consequently of Atlantic Forest's wild carnivores.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Applied Ecology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil. nelsoncuri@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nelson Henrique de Almeida
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wildlife, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. rmassara@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Lima
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Massara
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wildlife, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. anamuzenza@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Paschoal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. amandasorianovet@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soriano-Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. ziplobato@vet.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Zélia Inês Portela
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Lobato
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Applied Ecology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil. gramosdemetrio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guilherme Ramos
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Demétrio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. bradypus@ffclrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Adriano Garcia
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chiarello
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Applied Ecology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil. mpassamani@dbi.ufla.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Passamani
mesh_terms: D006516:Adenoviruses, Canine; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D065928:Forests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017993:Parvovirus, Canine; D057805:Pets / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
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