title: Association of PTEN gene polymorphisms with liver cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out if there are any relationship between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene (rs1234213, rs1234220, and rs2299939) and the susceptibility of liver cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotypes of the three SNPs in the PTEN gene were achieved utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Comparison of genotypes and alleles distribution differences between the case and the control subjects was accomplished with χ(2) test. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypes of the three SNPs was performed using SHEsis software. We adopted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to show the relative risk of liver cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TC genotype and C allele of rs1234220 polymorphism showed much more frequently in cases than in controls, reflecting that the TC genotype and the C allele may be linked to the increased risk of liver cancer (OR=2.225, 95% CI=1.178-4.204; OR=1.941, 95% CI=1.124-3.351). Rs2299939 polymorphism showed an opposite result that the GT genotype probably reduce the risk of liver cancer (OR=0.483, 95% CI=0.259-0.900). Statistical significance was not found in the distribution differences of the genotypes of rs1234213 between two groups. LD and haplotype analysis results of the three SNPs showed that the T-C-G haplotype frequency was much higher in cases than in healthy objects, which proved that the T-C-G haplotype might be a susceptibility haplotype for liver cancer (OR=3.750, 95% CI=1.396-10.077).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTEN gene polymorphisms might relate to liver cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Guang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Feng
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: PTEN; haplotype; liver cancer; polymorphism
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