title: Dietary Quality and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.
abstract: The multiple dietary restrictions recommended to hemodialysis patients may be difficult to achieve and, at the same time, may result in nutritional deficiencies rendering a poor dietary quality. We here assess the dietary quality and adherence to renal-specific guideline recommendations among hemodialysis patients from a single center in Canary Islands, Spain.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study, including 91 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Clinical data and 3-day dietary records were collected. We compared patient's reported nutrients intake with guideline recommendations. We also evaluated their alignment with current American Heart Association dietary guidelines for cardiovascular prevention.
  
  
  
  Seventy-seven percent and 50% of patients consumed less than the recommended daily energy and protein, respectively. Although half of the patients met the recommendations for dietary fat intake, this was accounted by an excess of saturated fat in 92% of them. Only 22% consumed sufficient fiber. A very small proportion of patients (less than 50%) met the requirements for vitamins and other micronutrients. Insufficient dietary intake was observed in most patients for all vitamins except for cobalamin. Similarly, inadequate dietary intake was observed for many minerals, by both excess (phosphorus, calcium, sodium, and potassium) and defect (magnesium). Most patients met the recommendations for iron and zinc in their diets.
  
  
  
  A large proportion of hemodialysis patients at our center did not meet current renal-specific dietary recommendations. The quality of the diet was considered poor and proatherogenic according to American Heart Association guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Nephrology Service and Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. Electronic address: desireeluis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Desiree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luis
authors.affiliation: Patient Association "Enfermos Renales de Tenerife (ERTE)", Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Karyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zlatkis
authors.affiliation: Patient Association "Enfermos Renales de Tenerife (ERTE)", Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Comenge
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Service, Hospiten Tamaragua, Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Zoraida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Service and Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias and Hospiten Tamaragua, Puerto de la Cruz, Spain.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Juan Jesús
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carrero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy*; D013030:Spain; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins