title: Effects of Depression and Antidepressant Use on Cognitive Deficits and Functional Cognition Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: To use a Rehabilomics framework to evaluate relations hips between post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) depression (PTD) and potential associated factors, including antidepressant use, on cognitive recovery following severe TBI.
  
  
  
  Severe TBI survivors (n = 154), recruited from a level 1 trauma center.
  
  
  
  Prospective cohort study with assessments at 6 and 12 months postinjury.
  
  
  
  Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PTD symptoms); cognitive composite score from a neuropsychological assessment battery (cognitive impairment); and Functional Independence Measure-Cognition (FIM-Cog, self-reported functional cognition).
  
  
  
  Individuals with and without PTD did not differ with respect to cognitive impairment. However, antidepressant use, regardless of PTD status, was associated with cognitive impairment. Individuals with PTD reported lower FIM-Cog scores at both time points compared with those without PTD. In a post hoc longitudinal analysis, individuals with late-onset PTD had worse cognitive impairment.
  
  
  
  These results suggest that antidepressant use impairs cognition among individuals without PTD. Also, PTD did not directly affect cognitive impairment but may affect functional cognitive limitations through self-evaluation and apathy/motivation factors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Drs Failla and Wagner); Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Drs Failla, Juengst, Arenth, and Wagner); Department of Rehabilitation Science & Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Ms Graham); Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, College of Arts & Sciences, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania (Dr Wagner); and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Wagner).
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Failla
authors.forename: Shannon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Juengst
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arenth
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 May;77(5):640-5
references.pmid: 16614025
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13
references.pmid: 11556941
references.citation: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:285-312
references.pmid: 20192795
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Jul;12(7):939-45
references.pmid: 19503087
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015 Nov-Dec;30(6):E54-66
references.pmid: 25931179
references.citation: Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Dec;46(4):549-56
references.pmid: 21224787
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Jan;94(1):74-9
references.pmid: 22885286
references.citation: Depress Anxiety. 2010 Dec;27(12):1135-42
references.pmid: 21049527
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003 Mar-Apr;18(2):177-95
references.pmid: 12802226
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2009 Dec;26(12):2383-402
references.pmid: 19698070
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010 Jan-Feb;25(1):61-7
references.pmid: 20051895
references.citation: Int J Psychiatry Med. 2002;32(4):337-44
references.pmid: 12779183
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2005 Nov;27(8):977-1021
references.pmid: 16207622
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27
references.pmid: 15939839
references.citation: Hum Psychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;20(2):97-104
references.pmid: 15641125
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2008 Jan-Feb;23(1):25-32
references.pmid: 18219232
references.citation: Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2012;22(5):734-51
references.pmid: 22672068
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2006 Oct;23(10):1468-501
references.pmid: 17020483
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Gen. 1991 Sep;120(3):301-9
references.pmid: 1836493
references.citation: Stud Health Technol Inform. 2013;191:38-42
references.pmid: 23792839
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1989 Apr;70(4):509-13
references.pmid: 2926490
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 May;92(5):818-23
references.pmid: 21530731
references.citation: Brain Inj. 2010;24(7-8):959-69
references.pmid: 20515362
references.citation: Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Sep;15(3):184-91
references.pmid: 12218711
references.citation: Psychosomatics. 2001 Jan-Feb;42(1):48-54
references.pmid: 11161121
references.citation: J Trauma. 2004 May;56(5):1084-9
references.pmid: 15179250
references.citation: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 May;81(5):364-72
references.pmid: 11964577
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2008 Jan-Feb;23(1):41-51
references.pmid: 18219234
references.citation: J Trauma. 1999 Jan;46(1):159-63
references.pmid: 9932700
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 May;74(5):531-6
references.pmid: 8489365
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2011 Feb;28(2):259-68
references.pmid: 21175261
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015 May-Jun;30(3):207-18
references.pmid: 24590155
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006 Winter;18(1):33-8
references.pmid: 16525068
references.citation: Brain Inj. 1999 Jun;13(6):417-31
references.pmid: 10401543
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 Feb;107(1):166-72
references.pmid: 9505050
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005 Nov-Dec;20(6):501-11
references.pmid: 16304487
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 May;90(5):733-40
references.pmid: 19406291
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Jun;58(6):1090-6
references.pmid: 20487082
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2015 Feb 15;32(4):272-9
references.pmid: 25274125
references.citation: NeuroRehabilitation. 2003;18(3):239-50
references.pmid: 14530589
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(2):260-74
references.pmid: 15979655
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Feb;78(2):125-31
references.pmid: 9041891
references.citation: NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(2):253-65
references.pmid: 23535786
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2012 Mar-Apr;27(2):87-98
references.pmid: 22411107
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 Dec;38(13):2598-606
references.pmid: 23827886
references.citation: Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Jun;15(2):123-32
references.pmid: 12050475
references.citation: Brain Inj. 2013 Jun;27(6):696-706
references.pmid: 23672445
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;61(1):42-50
references.pmid: 14706943
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Jan;33(1):88-109
references.pmid: 17851537
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2003 Jan;9(1):31-44
references.pmid: 12570356
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;159(8):1315-21
references.pmid: 12153823
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Jun;47(6):835-42
references.pmid: 23478049
references.citation: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Nov;80(11):852-64
references.pmid: 11805460
references.citation: Brain Inj. 1998 Jul;12(7):537-53
references.pmid: 9653518
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005 Winter;17(1):61-5
references.pmid: 15746484
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1995 Mar;117(2):285-305
references.pmid: 7724692
references.citation: PM R. 2011 Jun;3(6 Suppl 1):S28-30
references.pmid: 21703576
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2015 Apr 15;32(8):590-7
references.pmid: 25275833
references.citation: Brain. 2008 Dec;131(Pt 12):3209-21
references.pmid: 18952679
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Sep;85(9):1457-64
references.pmid: 15375816
references.citation: Headache. 1994 Oct;34(9):503-7
references.pmid: 8002321
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Jul;91(7):1087-97
references.pmid: 20599048
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1995 Aug;17(4):536-47
references.pmid: 7593474
references.citation: JAMA. 2010 May 19;303(19):1938-45
references.pmid: 20483970
references.citation: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5:363-89
references.pmid: 19327033
references.citation: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010 Sep-Oct;25(5):357-61
references.pmid: 20220529