title: Determination of the fascicle length of the gastrocnemius muscle during calf raise exercise using ultrasonography.
abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to find a strength training protocol which maintains isometric contraction of the triceps surae during dorsal flexion of the ankle. [Subjects] The left feet of 22 young normal volunteers who did not have orthopedic injuries or lower limb pain participated in this study. [Methods] All subjects performed four sets of five repetitions of four sets calf-raise (CR) exercise at were (1) 60 bpm without a pedestal, (2) 60 bpm with a pedestal, (3) 90 bpm without a pedestal, and (4) 90 bpm with a pedestal. The fascicle length of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and ankle angle were measured using ultrasonography and a video camera. The CR exercise was divided into two or three phases using the kinematics of the ankle. The average change in fascicle length over the five repetitions of each phase were compared. [Results] The change of the fascicle length during the hyper-dorsiflexion phase was significantly smaller than during the other two phases. [Conclusion] It is possible that eccentric CR exercises have progressed to motor learning of the isometric contraction during counter movement, and improved the release of elastic energy of the Achilles tendon during running, jumping, and other athletic activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Japan; Gradutate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintarou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Gradutate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisada
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, International Institute of Medical Therapy, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
keywords: Eccentric calf raise exercise; Gastrocnemius; Isometric contraction
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