title: Ergonomics and Technical Aspects of Minimal Access Surgery in Acute Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following the general trend in the evolution of minimal access surgery (MAS), the place of laparoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the emergency setting is well defined. As for all laparoscopic procedures, the ergonomic and technical aspects of MAS in acute surgery are important issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ergonomic and technical aspects of emergency laparoscopy include the surgeon's and the patient's position; the operating room setup, including the table, the monitor, and the specific equipment; patient preparation adapted as required to potential changes necessary as adapted to the pathology and conversion; the trocar setup, also adapted to the organ and pathology. Specific needs and variations can be necessary, dependent on the patient status, body build, and the pathology being treated. The operating room used for acute surgery should be adapted to evolving laparoscopic techniques, as well as new intraoperative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-tech equipment and associated procedures have modified the needs for a modern operating room setup. Laparoscopic procedures for emergency surgery must make use of well-known ergonomic principles and be adapted to the patient and the pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. pjshukla@doctors.org.uk.|Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. pjshukla@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Parul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Abe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fingerhut
keywords: Acute surgery; Emergency surgery; Ergonomics; Laparoscopy