title: Ability of Measures of Adiposity in Identifying Adverse Levels of Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight and obesity have been associated with a pro-inflammatory state. We aimed to assess the ability of different measures of overall and abdominal adiposity for identifying adverse levels of inflammatory and metabolic markers in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 Portuguese adolescents (267 girls), mean age 14.3 ± 1.7 years. Weight, height, sitting height, waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured; and BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-sitting-height ratio (WsHtR) were calculated. We measured C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complements C3 and C4, leptin, and adiponectin levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate the ability of the adiposity measures to discriminate between low/high values of biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest areas under the ROC curves were presented by BF% for fibrinogen and complement C3 in both sexes and for ESR, complement C4, and adiponectin only in girls; by BMI for CRP in girls and for leptin in both sexes; by WHtR for leptin in both sexes and for CRP, fibrinogen, and adiponectin only in girls; by waist circumference for CRP, fibrinogen, and complement C3 only in boys and for complement C4 in girls; and by WsHtR for complement C3 in girls; p < 0.05 for all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measures that more often presented discriminatory power were, for overall adiposity, BF% in both sexes, and for abdominal adiposity, WHtR in girls and WC in boys. However, small differences in discriminatory capabilities don't allow us to clearly defend the adoption of a single measure above all others.
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Santos
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .|2 Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, Australia .
authors.forename: Rute
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostinis
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mota
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides