title: Model predictions for the wide-angle x-ray scatter signals of healthy and malignant breast duct biopsies.
abstract: Wide-angle x-ray scatter (WAXS) could potentially be used to diagnose ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in breast biopsies. The regions of interest were assumed to consist of fibroglandular tissue and epithelial cells and the model assumed that biopsies with DCIS would have a higher concentration of the latter. The scattered number of photons from a 2-mm diameter column of tissue was simulated using a 110-kV beam and selectively added in terms of momentum transfer. For a 1-min exposure, specificities and sensitivities of unity were obtained for biopsies 2- to 20-mm thick. The impact of sample and tumor cell layer thicknesses was studied. For example, a biopsy erroneously estimated to be 8 mm would be correctly diagnosed if its actual thickness was between 7.3 and 8.7 mm. An 8-mm thick malignant biopsy can be correctly diagnosed provided the malignant cell layer thickness is [Formula: see text]. WAXS methods could become a diagnostic tool for DCIS within breast biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Laurentian University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada; Laurentian University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Biomolecular Sciences Program, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: LeClair
authors.affiliation: Laurentian University , Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laurentian University , Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Laurentian University , Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laamanen
authors.affiliation: Laurentian University , Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Tang
keywords: breast duct biopsies; differential linear scattering coefficients; ductal carcinoma in situ; energy dispersive photon counting detectors; epithelial cells; wide-angle x-ray scatter
references.citation: Med Phys. 2009 Jul;36(7):3211-7
references.pmid: 19673220
references.citation: Int J Med Sci. 2005;2(3):118-21
references.pmid: 16007264
references.citation: Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Dec;68(12):2237-45
references.pmid: 20674378
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2002 Jan 7;47(1):47-63
references.pmid: 11814227
references.citation: Med Phys. 2010 Mar;37(3):1004-16
references.pmid: 20384236
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(4):207
references.pmid: 20804570
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 1996 Apr;32A(4):603-7
references.pmid: 8695260
references.citation: J Biomed Opt. 2009 Sep-Oct;14(5):054023
references.pmid: 19895125
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 30;102(35):12371-6
references.pmid: 16116095
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 1987 Jun;32(6):675-95
references.pmid: 3039542
references.citation: Ger Med Sci. 2010 Aug 25;8:
references.pmid: 20930932
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2011 Apr 7;56(7):1905-30
references.pmid: 21364268
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2005 Jul 7;50(13):2991-3006
references.pmid: 15972976
references.citation: Med Phys. 1998 Jun;25(6):1008-20
references.pmid: 9650191
references.citation: Pathol Res Pract. 2008;204(12):899-904
references.pmid: 18789605
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2007 Oct 21;52(20):6151-64
references.pmid: 17921577
references.citation: Med Phys. 2013 Dec;40(12):121915
references.pmid: 24320526
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2005 Jul 21;50(14):3337-48
references.pmid: 16177513
references.citation: Med Phys. 2014 May;41(5):053501
references.pmid: 24784407
references.citation: Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Oct;68(10):1980-7
references.pmid: 20472453
references.citation: Am J Surg. 2007 Oct;194(4):426-32
references.pmid: 17826050
references.citation: Analyst. 2009 Jun;134(6):1077-82
references.pmid: 19475132
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2011 Feb;31(2):585-90
references.pmid: 21378342
references.citation: Med Phys. 2014 Nov;41(11):113501
references.pmid: 25370672
references.citation: J Med Imaging (Bellingham). 2015 Oct;2(4):043502
references.pmid: 26835493
references.citation: J Anat. 2005 Jun;206(6):525-34
references.pmid: 15960763
references.citation: Med Phys. 1987 Jul-Aug;14(4):526-32
references.pmid: 3626991
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2002 Feb 21;47(4):577-92
references.pmid: 11900192
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2006 May 21;51(10):2465-77
references.pmid: 16675863
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2005 Sep 7;50(17):4159-68
references.pmid: 16177537
references.citation: Protein Eng. 1998 Mar;11(3):153-69
references.pmid: 9613840
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 5;108(27):10992-6
references.pmid: 21690360
references.citation: J Synchrotron Radiat. 2000 Sep 1;7(Pt 5):348-52
references.pmid: 16609219
references.citation: Med Phys. 2010 Aug;37(8):4257-65
references.pmid: 20879586
references.citation: J Radiat Res. 2008 Sep;49(5):527-32
references.pmid: 18667793
references.citation: Med Phys. 2014 May;41(5):053503
references.pmid: 24784409
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Aug;195(2):496-509
references.pmid: 20651210
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2003 Oct;39(15):2187-91
references.pmid: 14522377
references.citation: IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2009;56(3):535-542
references.pmid: 19920884
references.citation: Med Phys. 2006 May;33(5):1329-37
references.pmid: 16752568
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 1999 Jul;44(7):1791-802
references.pmid: 10442713
references.citation: J Med Phys. 2008 Jan;33(1):19-23
references.pmid: 20041048
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2007 Nov 21;52(22):6679-96
references.pmid: 17975291
references.citation: Med Phys. 2006 Apr;33(4):959-67
references.pmid: 16696472
references.citation: Ann Diagn Pathol. 2007 Apr;11(2):137-41
references.pmid: 17349575