title: Development of Congenital Cardiac Surgery in Toronto.
abstract: The development of congenital cardiac surgery required innovation by committed and talented individuals who integrated science, engineering and emerging medical knowledge while building a team of professionals dedicated to the care of patients. Life-long follow-up of these patients led to evolving management strategies to improve outcomes for neonates, infants, children and adults with congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Trusler
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: Glen.vanarsdell@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Glen S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Van Arsdell
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D002309:Cardiology / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000266:history; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D009864:Ontario; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation
keywords: Heparin; congenital heart surgery; transposition