title: Effects of perchlorate bioaccumulation on Spodoptera litura growth and sex ratio.
abstract: Perchlorate (ClO4 (-)) pollution is widespread in the natural environment, but the effects of ClO4 (-) on the terrestrial insects are rarely studied. Here, when phytophagous insect Spodoptera litura larvae were fed on the diets with different ClO4 (-) concentrations, changes in their life-history traits were recorded; ClO4 (-) accumulations in feces and insect body were detected. The results demonstrated that ClO4 (-) bioaccumulation in insect at the different developmental stages was ranked in the order: adults > pupae > the 4th > 5th > 6th instar larvae. Besides, ClO4 (-) accumulations in the feces were ranked in the order: the 6th > 5th > 4th instar larvae. The ClO4 (-) accumulations in female pupae and adults were significantly higher than that in males. ClO4 (-) bioaccumulation in insect prolonged larval development time and caused a skewed sex ratio (the percentage of males at metamorphosis significantly decreased) under 100 to 200 mg ClO4 (-)/kg treatment. Therefore, ClO4 (-) accumulations in S. litura body presented developmental stage-, sex-specific pattern, and the sex-specific ClO4 (-) accumulations resulted in difference of sex ratio. These effects were observed at concentrations reported in natural environments contaminated with ClO4 (-), suggesting that this contaminant may pose a threat to the normal development and growth of this insect species.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Junhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute of Agricultural Products, Zhongshan, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. lihuashou@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huashou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011679:Pupa; D012744:Sex Ratio; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010472:Perchlorates; C494474:perchlorate
keywords: Growth; Perchlorate (ClO4 −) bioaccumulation; Sex ratio; Spodoptera litura
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