title: Expression of molecular factors correlated with metastasis in small cell lung cancer and their significance.
abstract: Distant metastasis continues to be a fatal threat to quality of life in patients with small cell lung caner (SCLC). The purpose of this work is to analyze the expressions of chemokine receptor four (CXCR4), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-β1), N-cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in small cell lung caner (SCLC), and to explore their correlations with the prognosis and metastasis. Sixty-five consecutive patients with stage I-III SCLC who received operation in our hospital from Jan 2003 to Oct 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The expression of CXCR4 was found significantly correlated with bone metastasis (P = 0.004), and were marginally correlated with brain metastasis (P = 0.068) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.085). The expression of MMP-9 was significantly associated with pathological staging (P = 0.048). Univariate analysis suggested surgical approach, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with OS and PFS (P < 0.05), high expression of CXCR4 was significantly correlated with worse OS (P = 0.004) and PFS (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis suggested surgical approach, TGF-β1, CXCR4 and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factor for PFS. In conclusion, High expression of CXCR4, MMP-9, TGF-β1 and VEGF were found in SCLC. High expression of MMP-9 was significantly associated with pathological staging, and high expression of CXCR4 was correlated with bone metastasis and also might correlate with brain metastasis. CXCR4 were independent prognostic factor for survival in SCLC and expanded samples should be further explored in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute Hospital Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University Yantai, 264000, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Jian
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute Hospital Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute Hospital Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Bo
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute Hospital Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Small cell lung cancer; immunohistochemistry; metastasis; molecular factors; prognosis
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