title: Alleviating Emotional Distress in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: An Open Trial of Metacognitive Therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is an effective psychological treatment for a range of emotional disorders. However, the applicability of MCT to treating emotional distress in physical health populations has yet to be tested. The present study examined the potential of MCT for alleviating emotional distress in adolescent and young adult cancer (AYAC) survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve AYAC survivors, aged 18-23, who had completed acute medical treatment participated in this pilot open trial with 6 months follow-up. Each participant completed a baseline period followed by 8-14 sessions of MCT that targeted perseverative thinking (worry and rumination), attentional control, and metacognitive beliefs. The primary outcome variable was severity of depression and anxiety symptoms as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCT was associated with large and statistically significant reductions in anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms, and metacognitive beliefs and processes. In the intention-to-treat sample, 50% of participants met standardized criteria for recovery on the HADS at posttreatment and these gains were maintained through to 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCT is a promising transdiagnostic approach to treating different forms of emotional distress in AYAC survivors. Further investigation in controlled trials is now warranted.
authors.affiliation: 1 Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: 1 Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McNicol
authors.affiliation: 1 Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: 2 The Christie Hospital , Manchester, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: 1 Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salmon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067489:Metacognition; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; depression; metacognitive therapy; open trial; traumatic stress symptoms