title: The effects of epidural bupivacaine on ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several animal studies showed beneficial effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) in hippocampal, mesenteric and myocardial IR injury (2-4). In this study, we investigated the effects of epidural bupivacaine on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 6 animals. The rats in Group C had sham laparotomy. The rats in the Group S were subjected to liver IR through laparotomy and 20 mcg/kg/h 0.9% NaCl was administered to these rats via an epidural catheter. The rats in the Group B were subjected to liver IR and were given 20 mcg/kg/h bupivacaine via an epidural catheter. Liver tissue was harvested for MDA analysis, apoptosis and histopathological examination after 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 360 minutes of reperfusion. Blood samples were also collected for TNF-α, IL-1β, AST and ALT analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AST and ALT levels were higher in ischemia and reperfusion group, which received only normal saline via the thoracic epidural catheter, compared to the sham group. In the ischemia reperfusion group, which received bupivacaine via the epidural catheter, IL-1 levels were significantly higher than in the other groups. TNF-α levels were higher in the Groups S and B compared to the sham group. Bupivacaine administration induced apoptosis in all animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that thoracic epidural bupivacaine was not a suitable agent for preventing inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation in experimental hepatic IR injury in rats. Moreover, epidural bupivacaine triggered apoptosis in hepatocytes. Further research is needed as there are no studies in literature investigate the effects of epidural bupivacaine on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 34).
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sarikus
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bedirli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bagriacik
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bozkirli
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: bupivacaine; ischemia reperfusion injury; liver.; thoracic epidural anesthesia