title: Expected value of the additional state in evaluating the method of quantification and uncertainty of additional states in an analytical model of grade I hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the construction of pharmacoeoconomic models, simplicity is desirable for transparency (people can see how the model is built), ease of analysis, validation (how well the model reproduces reality), and description. Few reports have described concrete methods for constructing simpler models. Therefore we focused on the value of additional states and uncertainty in disease models with multiple complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of ranking additional states in disease models with multiple complications using a method for evaluating the quantification and uncertainty of additional states.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expected value of additional states (EVAS) was formulated to calculate the value of additional states from the variation between analytic models using the net benefit method, and uncertainty was subtracted from the variation. We also verified the usefulness and availability of this method in grade I hypertension as a verification of the disease model. We assumed that stroke was recognized as an associated complication of hypertension in the basic model. In addition, stroke recurrence, coronary heart disease (CHD), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were assumed to represent other complications of hypertension. Ten thousand Monte Carlo simulations were performed, and the probability distribution was assumed to be the beta distribution in clinical parameters. The ranges of clinical parameters were ±6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of the standard deviation from the mean value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EVAS in complications of CHD showed the greatest uncertainty. In contrast, the EVAS of ESRD differed from stroke recurrence in the value ranking by uncertainty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EVAS has the potential to determine the ranking of additional states based on the quantitative value and uncertainty in disease models with multiple complications.
authors.affiliation: Division for Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Information, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512 Japan ; Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchikura
authors.affiliation: CRECON Medical Assessment Inc, 2-12-15 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0002 Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division for Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Information, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512 Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.affiliation: Division for Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Information, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512 Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
keywords: Expected Value of the Additional State; Hypertension; Pharmacoeconomics; Quantification; Uncertainty
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