title: Monophasic Pulsed 200-μA Current Promotes Galvanotaxis With Polarization of Actin Filament and Integrin α2β1 in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The monophasic pulsed microcurrent is used to promote wound healing, and galvanotaxis regulation has been reported as one of the active mechanisms in the promotion of tissue repair with monophasic pulsed microcurrent. However, the optimum monophasic pulsed microcurrent parameters and intracellular changes caused by the monophasic pulsed microcurrent have not been elucidated in human dermal fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimum intensity for promoting galvanotaxis and the effects of electrical stimulation on integrin α2β1 and actin filaments in human dermal fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with the monophasic pulsed microcurrent of 0, 100, 200, or 300 μA for 8 hours, and cell migration and cell viability were measured 24 hours after starting monophasic pulsed microcurrent stimulation. Polarization of integrin α2β1 and lamellipodia formation were detected by immunofluorescent staining 10 minutes after starting monophasic pulsed microcurrent stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The migration toward the cathode was significantly higher in the cells treated with the 200-μA monophasic pulsed microcurrent than in the controls (P < .01) without any change in cell viability; treatment with 300-μA monophasic pulsed microcurrent did not alter the migration ratio. The electrostimulus of 200 μA also promoted integrin α2β1 polarization and lamellipodia formation at the cathode edge (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that 200 μA is an effective monophasic pulsed microcurrent intensity to promote migration toward the cathode, and this intensity could regulate polarization of migration-related intracellular factors in human dermal fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeshige
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa-Aoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
keywords: electrical stimulation; fibroblast; galvanotaxis; integrin α2β1; lamellipodia
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