title: Comparison of breast sequential and simultaneous integrated boost using the biologically effective dose volume histogram (BEDVH).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A method is presented to radiobiologically compare sequential (SEQ) and simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) breast radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method is based on identically prescribed biologically effective dose (iso-BED) which was achieved by different prescribed doses due to different fractionation schemes. It is performed by converting the calculated three-dimensional dose distribution to the corresponding BED distribution taking into consideration the different number of fractions for generic α/β ratios. A cumulative BED volume histogram (BEDVH) is then derived from the BED distribution and is compared for the two delivery schemes. Ten breast cancer patients (4 right-sided and 6 left-sided) were investigated. Two tangential intensity modulated whole breast beams with two other oblique (with different gantry angles) beams for the boost volume were used. The boost and the breast target volumes with either α/β = 10 or 3 Gy, and ipsi-lateral and contra-lateral lungs, heart, and contra-lateral breast as organs at risk (OARs) with α/β = 3 Gy were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the BEDVH comparisons, the use of SIB reduced the biological breast mean dose by about 3 %, the ipsi-lateral lung and heart by about 10 %, and contra-lateral breast and lung by about 7 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BED based comparisons should always be used in comparing plans that have different fraction sizes. SIB schemes are dosimetrically more advantageous than SEQ in breast target volume and OARs for equal prescribed BEDs for breast and boost.
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. m.aly@au.edu.eg.|Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. m.aly@au.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Moamen M O M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. yasser.abomadyan@umm.de.|Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine (NEMROCK), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. yasser.abomadyan@umm.de.
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abo-Madyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. lennart.jahnke@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jahnke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. frederik.wenz@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. gerhard.glatting@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. gerhard.glatting@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glatting
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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