title: Changes in melatonin secretion in tourists after rapid movement to another lighting zone without transition of time zone.
abstract: Most of the research in the field of Chronobiology is focused on the problem of the circadian rhythms (CR) desynchronization. In travelers, it results mostly from the changes of surrounding: photoperiod, local climate conditions (radiation and thermal load) and behavior (e.g. type and place of tourism and activity level). Until now, it was not documented whether the changes in melatonin (MLT) secretion occur in effect of mid-distance transparallel travels (TpT), without complications arising due to time-zone transitions (e.g. jet-lag syndrome). To cope with this problem, a special field experiment was carried out. In the experiment, MLT characteristics were examined twice a year in real conditions through a group of young tourists (23-26 years old) at their place of habitual residence (Warsaw, Poland), and at their tourist destination (Tromso, Norway). Transition to circumpolar zone in summer has resulted in insignificant reduction in melatonin peak value (MPV) compared to preflight control (2 days before travel) and the melatonin peak time (MPT) was delayed. However, after traveling southward on the returning flight, MPV was lower compared to control and MPT was advanced. In winter, MPV was insignificantly higher in comparison to preflight control and MPT was almost unchanged. While changes in MPV do not depend on season, flight direction and day of stay after flight than MPT was differentiated seasonally and due to direction of flight. MPV and MPT were significantly modified by characteristics of individual light exposure during daytime and evening. The experiment showed also that in real conditions activity level is an important factor affected melatonin peak in tourists. In winter, greater daytime activity significantly influenced earlier MPT occurrence, both after northward and southward flights.
authors.affiliation: a College of Interfaculty Individual Studies of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.|b Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.|c Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blazejczyk
authors.affiliation: d Department of Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D020179:Jet Lag Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D017440:Photoperiod; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin
keywords: Light exposure; melatonin; polar region; temperate zone; time zone; tourists