title: Structural imaging for addiction medicine: From neurostructure to neuroplasticity.
abstract: Quantitative morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging have provided new insights into structural brain changes associated with drugs of abuse. In this chapter, we review recent studies using these methods to investigate structural brain abnormalities associated with excessive use of marijuana, stimulants, and opiates. Although many brain regions have been associated with structural abnormalities following abuse of these drugs, brain systems underlying inhibition, mood regulation, and reward are particularly involved. Candidate pathological mechanisms underlying these structural abnormalities include the direct toxic effects of the drugs, neuroinflammation, ischemia, hemorrhage, and abnormal brain development. Returning damaged brain areas to neural health would involve enhancing neuroplasticity. Behavioral, environmental, pharmacological, and cell-based therapies have been correlated with enhanced neuroplasticity following brain injury, providing a basis for new treatments of brain changes associated with excessive drug use. When testing new treatments, structural imaging may prove useful in selecting patients, monitoring recovery, and perhaps, tailoring interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: gbrown@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobus
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging; Marijuana; Opioids; Quantitative morphometry; Stimulants
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