title: Redox status of the testes and sperm of rats following exposure to 2,5-hexanedione.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) is well known to be associated with reproductive dysfunctions in both humans and animals. However, the role of oxidative stress in 2,5-HD-induced toxicity in testes and sperm has not yet been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study investigated the influence of 2,5-HD on antioxidant systems in the testes and epididymal sperm of rats following exposure to 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% 2,5-HD in drinking water for 21 consecutive days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of 0.5% 2,5-HD significantly (P < 0.05) decreased epididymis weight, whereas 1% 2,5-HD-treated rats showed significantly decreased body weight, testis, and epididymis weights compared with the control group. Exposure to 2,5-HD caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in both testes and sperm compared with the control group. Moreover, 2,5-HD-exposed rats showed significant decrease in glutathione-S-transferase activity and glutathione level with concomitant significant elevation in the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in both testes and sperm. Testicular and epididymal atrophy with significant, dose-dependent, decrease in epididymal sperm number, sperm motility, and viability were observed in 2,5-HD-treated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2,5-HD exposure impaired testicular function and sperm characteristics by disruption of the antioxidant systems and consequently, increased oxidative stress in the treated rats.
authors.affiliation: a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Isaac A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adedara
authors.affiliation: a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Amos O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Abolaji
authors.affiliation: a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.|b Department of Environmental Health Science , Jiann Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA 30460 , USA.
authors.forename: Blessing E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Odion
authors.affiliation: a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abiola A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Omoloja
authors.affiliation: a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Isioma J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Okwudi
authors.affiliation: a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ebenezer O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Farombi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006588:Hexanones / Q000633:toxicity*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006588:Hexanones; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C011269:2,5-hexanedione; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: 2,5-Hexanedione; Antioxidant systems; Oxidative stress; Rats; Sperm; Testes
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