title: Specific Gene Loci of Clinical Pseudomonas putida Isolates.
abstract: Pseudomonas putida are ubiquitous inhabitants of soils and clinical isolates of this species have been seldom described. Clinical isolates show significant variability in their ability to cause damage to hosts because some of them are able to modulate the host's immune response. In the current study, comparisons between the genomes of different clinical and environmental strains of P. putida were done to identify genetic clusters shared by clinical isolates that are not present in environmental isolates. We show that in clinical strains specific genes are mostly present on transposons, and that this set of genes exhibit high identity with genes found in pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. The set of genes prevalent in P. putida clinical isolates, and absent in environmental isolates, are related with survival under oxidative stress conditions, resistance against biocides, amino acid metabolism and toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems. This set of functions have influence in colonization and survival within human tissues, since they avoid host immune response or enhance stress resistance. An in depth bioinformatic analysis was also carried out to identify genetic clusters that are exclusive to each of the clinical isolates and that correlate with phenotypical differences between them, a secretion system type III-like was found in one of these clinical strains, a determinant of pathogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Lázaro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain.|Abengoa Research, Campus de las Palmas Altas, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Zulema
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Udaondo
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain.|Abengoa Research, Campus de las Palmas Altas, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain.|Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.affiliation: Bio-Iliberis R&D, C/ Capileira 7, 18210 Peligros, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain.|Abengoa Research, Campus de las Palmas Altas, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D056426:Genetic Loci; D006801:Humans; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
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