title: Lack of Involvement of Fenton Chemistry in Death of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Destruction of Their Genomes on Wet or Dry Copper Alloy Surfaces.
abstract: The pandemic of hospital-acquired infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has declined, but the evolution of strains with enhanced virulence and toxins and the increase of community-associated infections are still a threat. In previous studies, 10(7) MRSA bacteria applied as simulated droplet contamination were killed on copper and brass surfaces within 90 min. However, contamination of surfaces is often via finger tips and dries rapidly, and it may be overlooked by cleaning regimes (unlike visible droplets). In this new study, a 5-log reduction of a hardy epidemic strain of MRSA (epidemic methicillin-resistant S. aureus 16 [EMRSA-16]) was observed following 10 min of contact with copper, and a 4-log reduction was observed on copper nickel and cartridge brass alloys in 15 min. A methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strain from an osteomyelitis patient was killed on copper surfaces in 15 min, and 4-log and 3-log reductions occurred within 20 min of contact with copper nickel and cartridge brass, respectively. Bacterial respiration was compromised on copper surfaces, and superoxide was generated as part of the killing mechanism. In addition, destruction of genomic DNA occurs on copper and brass surfaces, allaying concerns about horizontal gene transfer and copper resistance. Incorporation of copper alloy biocidal surfaces may help to reduce the spread of this dangerous pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom s.l.warnes@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Warnes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C William
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-7706
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Keevil
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C048399:brass; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D015032:Zinc; D008712:Methicillin
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