title: Very early initiation of chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after blunt solid organ injury is safe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal timing of initiating low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients who have undergone nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt solid organ injuries (SOIs) remains controversial. We describe the safety of early initiation of chemical venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis among patients undergoing NOM of blunt SOIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied severely injured adults who sustained blunt SOI without significant intracranial hemorrhage and underwent an initial NOM at a Canadian lead trauma hospital between 2010 and 2014. Safety was assessed based on failure of NOM, defined as the need for operative intervention, in patients who received early (< 48 h) or late LMWH (≥ 48 h, or early discharge [< 72 h] without LMWH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 162 patients in our analysis. Most were men (69%), and the average age was 42 ± 18 years. The median injury severity score was 17, and splenic injuries were most common (97 [60%], median grade 2), followed by liver (57 [35%], median grade 2) and kidney injuries (31 [19%], median grade 1). Combined injuries were present in 14% of patients. A total of 78 (48%) patients received early LMWH, while 84 (52%) received late LMWH. The groups differed only in percent of high-grade splenic injury (14% v. 32%). Overall 2% of patients failed NOM, none after receiving LMWH. Semielective angiography was performed in 23 (14%) patients. The overall rate of confirmed VTE on imaging was 1.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early initiation of medical thromboembolic prophylaxis appears safe in select patients with isolated SOI following blunt trauma. A prospective multicentre study is warranted.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Patrick B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Niroshan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sothilingam
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Charyk Stewart
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Batey
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moffat
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Daryl K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Neil G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Murphy, Sothilingam, Moffat, Gray, Parry, Vogt); the Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Sothilingam, Stewart, Batey, Gray, Parry, Vogt); and the Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ont. (Parry).
authors.forename: Kelly N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight
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