title: Obesity and endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in premenopausal women: A systematic review.
abstract: To systematically review the literature on the association between obesity and endometrial hyperplasia or cancer in premenopausal women.
  
  
  
  We searched the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and CINAHL (inception to May 5, 2015), and checked reference lists of included studies and systematic reviews.
  
  
  
  Studies of more than 50 women with endometrial pathology diagnosed during premenopause that reported on obesity as a risk factor were eligible.
  
  
  
  Study identification and data extraction were independently performed by 2 authors. Where possible, data were pooled in a generic inverse variance forest plot. Heterogeneity was reported using the I(2) statistic.
  
  
  
  Nine case-control studies of moderate quality were included. Quantitative analysis of 5 studies showed a dose-response relationship of body mass index and increased risk of endometrial cancer. For studies of women with body mass index of ≥25, the pooled odds ratio was 3.85 (95% confidence interval 2.53-5.84); body mass index of ≥30 was 5.25 (4.00-6.90); and body mass index of ≥40 was 19.79 (11.18-35.03).
  
  
  
  Body mass index is a consistent and leading risk factor for endometrial complex hyperplasia or cancer in premenopausal women. Body mass index should be considered when deciding to assess the endometrium in symptomatic premenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; National Women's Health, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: m.wise@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.affiliation: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagas
authors.affiliation: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Showell
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lensen
authors.affiliation: National Women's Health, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand; Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Farquhar
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: body mass index; endometrial cancer; endometrial hyperplasia; obesity; premenopausal women; systematic review