title: A pure polysaccharide from Ephedra sinica treating on arthritis and inhibiting cytokines expression.
abstract: In our previous study, we found that the acidic polysaccharides of Ephedra sinica had immunosuppressive effect to treat rheumatoid arthritis and the pure polysaccharide ESP-B4 was the main composition of the acidic polysaccharides. At present, the exact molecular mechanism of ESP-B4 on treating arthritis is unclear. We are thus evaluating the properties of ESP-B4 on LPS-induced THP-1 pro-monocytic cells and adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats via TLR4. In vitro, ESP-B4 decreased the production of cytokines induced by LPS. In addition, ESP-B4 reduced the LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Pretreatment with ESP-B4 significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs induced by LPS. Furthermore, in vivo, after 12 days of disease induced by adjuvant, rats were treated with ESP-B4 for 16 days. ESP-B4 significantly improved all parameters of inflammation. ESP-B4 reduced the release of inflammatory factors and cytokines by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Qiuhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Zunpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Bingqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Changfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Guibo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: sunsubmit@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China. Electronic address: haixuekuang@163.com.
authors.forename: Haixue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuang
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D029790:Ephedra sinica / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Ephedra sinica Stapf polysaccharide; Rheumatoid arthritis; Signaling pathway; TLR4