title: Association of kidney stones with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States: Considerations by race-ethnicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of research examining the relationship between kidney stones and risk of cardiovascular disease while considering individuals of different race-ethnicities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the association between history of kidney stones and increased odds of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (via the Pooled Cohort Equations) across race-ethnicity groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  5571 participants aged 40-79 from the 2007-2012 cycles of the NHANES were used for this study. A history of kidney stones was collected from survey data. Predicted odds of having a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event was assessed from the Pooled Cohort Equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustments, having kidney stones was not associated with an increase odds of having an ASCVD event within the next 10-years (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.58-1.82, P=0.91). However, among non-Hispanic blacks, those with kidney stones had a 2.24 increased odds (OR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.08-4.66; P=0.03) of having an ASCVD event within the next 10-years when compared to non-Hispanic blacks with no history of a kidney stone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney stones were associated with 10-year risk of a future ASCVD event among non-Hispanic blacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, United States.
authors.forename: LaShaunta M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, United States.
authors.forename: Martha Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Mississippi, United States.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carithers
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, United States. Electronic address: pdloprin@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Loprinzi
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Kidney stones; Pooled Cohort Equation