title: Botulinum toxin as a treatment for refractory overactive bladder.
abstract: Detrusor overactivity is the most common cause of overactive bladder (OAB) and refers to demonstrable involuntary detrusor contractions during urodynamic studies. The number of adults age 40 years or older suffering from idiopathic urge incontinence ranges from 13% in men to 30% in women. For patients whose symptoms are refractory to conventional therapy, intradetrusor botulinum toxin injection offers a safe and effective outpatient treatment with high rates of improvement of OAB symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Shatril Harris, a recent graduate of the PA completion program at Pace University in New York City, practices at the Florida Center for Urogynecology in Hollywood, Fla. Denise Rizzolo is an assistant clinical professor in the PA program at Pace University and an associate professor in the PA program at Seton Hall University in South Orange, N.J. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
authors.forename: Shatril
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rizzolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A