title: (31)P CSI of the human brain in healthy subjects and tumor patients at 9.4 T with a three-layered multi-nuclear coil: initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigation of the feasibility and performance of phosphorus ((31)P) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 9.4 T with a three-layered phosphorus/proton coil in human normal brain tissue and tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-channel (31)P coil was designed to enable MRSI of the entire human brain. The performance of the coil was evaluated by means of electromagnetic field simulations and actual measurements. A 3D chemical shift imaging approach with a variable repetition time and flip angle was used to increase the achievable signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired (31)P spectra. The impact of the resulting k-space modulation was investigated by simulations. Three tumor patients and three healthy volunteers were scanned and differences between spectra from healthy and cancerous tissue were evaluated qualitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high sensitivity provided by the 27-channel (31)P coil allowed acquiring CSI data in 22 min with a nominal voxel size of 15 × 15 × 15 mm(3). Shimming and anatomical localization could be performed with the integrated four-channel proton dipole array. The amplitudes of the phosphodiesters and phosphoethanolamine appeared reduced in tumorous tissue for all three patients. A neutral or slightly alkaline pH was measured within the brain lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These initial results demonstrate that (31)P 3D CSI is feasible at 9.4 T and could be performed successfully in healthy subjects and tumor patients in under 30 min.
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. christian.mirkes@tuebingen.mpg.de.|High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. christian.mirkes@tuebingen.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mirkes
authors.affiliation: High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gunamony
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shajan
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chadzynski
authors.affiliation: High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buckenmaier
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheffler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000737:chemistry; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: 9.4 T; CSI; Phosphorus; Spectroscopy; Tumor; Ultra-high field
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