title: Prospective assessment of CAD/CAM zirconia abutment and lithium disilicate crown restorations: 2.4 year results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Single-tooth implant restorations are commonly used to replace anterior maxillary teeth. The esthetic, functional, and biologic outcomes are, in part, a function of the abutment and crown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this clinical study was to describe the implant, abutment, and crown survival and complication rates for CAD/CAM zirconia abutment and lithium disilicate crown restorations for single-tooth implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a broader prospective investigation that enrolled and treated 141 participants comparing tissue responses at the conical interface (CI; AstraTech OsseoSpeed), flat-to-flat interface (FI; NobelSpeedy), and platform-switch interface (PS; NanoTite Certain Prevail) of single-tooth implants, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia abutments (ATLANTIS Abutment) and cemented lithium disilicate (e.max) crowns were used in the restoration of all implants. After 2.4 years in function (3 years after implant placement), the implant, abutment, and crown of 110 participants were evaluated. Technical and biologic complications were recorded. Demographic results were tabulated as percentages with mean values and standard deviations. Abutment survival was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 2.4 years, no abutments or crowns had been lost. Abutment complications (screw loosening, screw fracture, fracture) were absent for all 3 implant groups. Crown complications were limited to 2 crowns debonding and 1 with excess cement (2.5%). Five biological complications (4.0%) were recorded. The overall complication rate was 6.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAD/CAM zirconia abutments restored with cemented lithium disilicate crowns demonstrated high survival on 3 different implant-abutment interface designs. No abutment or abutment screw fracture occurred. The technical complications observed after 2.4 years were minor and reversible. The use of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments with cemented lithium disilicate crowns is associated with high technical and biologic success at 2.4 years.
authors.affiliation: Associate Dean for Research and Department Head, Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: cooperlf@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Lyndon F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Dean, University of Illinois, School of Dentistry, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Clark
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.affiliation: Professor, Oral Health and Society Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feine
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017269:Dental Prosthesis Repair; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D015040:Zirconium / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C493120:lithia disilicate; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide