title: Role of pore size and morphology in musculo-skeletal tissue regeneration.
abstract: Biomaterials in the form of scaffolds hold great promise in the regeneration of diseased tissues. The scaffolds stimulate cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. While the scaffold composition will dictate their biocompatibility, their porosity plays a key role in allowing proper cell penetration, nutrient diffusion as well as bone ingrowth. Porous scaffolds are processed with the help of a wide variety of techniques. Designing scaffolds with the appropriate porosity is a complex issue since this may jeopardize other physico-chemical properties. From a macroscopic point of view, parameters such as the overall architecture, pore morphology, interconnectivity and pore size distribution, have unique roles in allowing bone ingrowth to take place. From a microscopic perspective, the adsorption and retention of proteins in the microporosities of the material will dictate the subsequent cell adhesion. Therefore, the microstructure of the substrate can determine cell proliferation as well as the expression of specific osteogenic genes. This review aims at discussing the effect of micro- and macroporosity on the physico-chemical and biological properties of scaffolds for musculo-skeletal tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: romanp@dankook.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Roman A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mestres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D016062:Porosity; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: Bone regeneration; Macroporosity; Microporosity; Microstructure; Pore size; Porosity; Rapid prototyping; Scaffold