title: How to survey classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa) after the completion of oral vaccination? Chasing away the ghost of infection at different spatial scales.
abstract: Oral mass vaccination (OMV) is considered as an efficient strategy for controlling classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar. After the completion of vaccination, the presence of antibodies in 6-12 month-old hunted wild boars was expected to reflect a recent CSF circulation. Nevertheless, antibodies could also correspond to the long-lasting of maternal antibodies. This paper relates an experience of surveillance which lasted 4 years after the completion of OMV in a formerly vaccinated area, in north-eastern France (2010-2014). First, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the serological data collected in 6-12 month-old hunted wild boars from 2010 up to 2013, using a spatial Bayesian model accounting for hunting data autocorrelation and heterogeneity. At the level of the whole area, seroprevalence in juvenile boars decreased from 28% in 2010-2011 down to 1% in 2012-2013, but remained locally high (above 5%). The model revealed the existence of one particular seroprevalence hot-spot where a longitudinal survey of marked animals was conducted in 2013-2014, for deciphering the origin of antibodies. Eleven out of 107 captured piglets were seropositive when 3-4 months-old, but their antibody titres progressively decreased until 6-7 months of age. These results suggest piglets were carrying maternal antibodies, few of them carrying maternal antibodies lasting until the hunting season. Our study shows that OMV may generate confusion in the CSF surveillance several years after the completion of vaccination. We recommend using quantitative serological tools, hunting data modelling and capture approaches for better interpreting serological results after vaccination completion. Surveillance perspectives are further discussed.
authors.affiliation: ONCFS, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Micropolis, la Bérardie, Belle Aureille, 05000, Gap, France. tsaubusse@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thibault
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saubusse
authors.affiliation: ONCFS, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Micropolis, la Bérardie, Belle Aureille, 05000, Gap, France. jean-daniel.masson@live.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan/Plouzané, Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France. mireille.ledimma@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Dimma
authors.affiliation: INRA, Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Theix, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France. david.abrial@clermont.inra.fr.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abrial
authors.affiliation: Direction générale de l'alimentation, Bureau de la santé animale, Paris, France. clara.marce@agriculture.gouv.fr.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marcé
authors.affiliation: Direction départementale de la protection des populations du Bas-Rhin, Strasbourg, France. regine.martin-schaller@bas-rhin.gouv.fr.
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin-Schaller
authors.affiliation: Direction départementale de la protection des populations de la Moselle, Metz, France. anne.dupire@moselle.gouv.fr.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dupire
authors.affiliation: Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan/Plouzané, Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France. marie-frederique.lepotier@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Frédérique
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Le Potier
authors.affiliation: ONCFS, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Micropolis, la Bérardie, Belle Aureille, 05000, Gap, France. sophie.rossi@oncfs.gouv.fr.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D006691:Classical Swine Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006692:Classical Swine Fever Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines
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