title: Heterosexual Anal Sex Among Men and Women in Substance Abuse Treatment: Secondary Analysis of Two Gender-Specific HIV-Prevention Trials.
abstract: Receptive anal sex has high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission risk, and heterosexual substance-abusing individuals report higher anal sex rates compared to their counterparts in the general population. This secondary analysis evaluated the effectiveness of two gender-specific, evidence-based HIV-prevention interventions (Real Men Are Safe, or REMAS, for men; Safer Sex Skill Building, or SSSB, for women) against an HIV education (HIV-Ed) control condition on decreasing unprotected heterosexual anal sex (HAS) among substance abuse treatment-seeking men (n = 171) and women (n = 105). Two variables, engagement in any HAS and engagement in unprotected HAS, were assessed at baseline and three months postintervention. Compared to the control group, women in the gender-specific intervention did not differ on rates of any HAS at follow-up but significantly decreased their rates of unprotected HAS. Men in both the gender-specific and the control interventions reported less HAS and unprotected HAS at three-month follow-up compared to baseline, with no treatment condition effect. The mechanism of action for SSSB compared to REMAS in decreasing unprotected HAS is unclear. More attention to HAS in HIV-prevention interventions for heterosexual men and women in substance abuse treatment is warranted.
authors.affiliation: a Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington.
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hatch-Maillette
authors.affiliation: b School of Social Work , University of Washington.
authors.forename: Blair
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beadnell
authors.affiliation: c Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital.
authors.forename: Aimee N C
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University.
authors.forename: Christina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.affiliation: c Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tross
authors.affiliation: a Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington.
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Calsyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
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