title: Current and emerging strategies for organophosphate decontamination: special focus on hyperstable enzymes.
abstract: Organophosphorus chemicals are highly toxic molecules mainly used as pesticides. Some of them are banned warfare nerve agents. These compounds are covalent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme in central and peripheral nervous systems. Numerous approaches, including chemical, physical, and biological decontamination, have been considered for developing decontamination methods against organophosphates (OPs). This work is an overview of both validated and emerging strategies for the protection against OP pollution with special attention to the use of decontaminating enzymes. Considerable efforts have been dedicated during the past decades to the development of efficient OP degrading biocatalysts. Among these, the promising biocatalyst SsoPox isolated from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus is emphasized in the light of recently published results. This hyperthermostable enzyme appears to be particularly attractive for external decontamination purposes with regard to both its catalytic and stability properties.
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacquet
authors.affiliation: Gene&GreenTK, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Cedex 5, Marseille, 13385, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daudé
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Janek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bzdrenga
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France. eric.chabriere@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chabrière
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Bioremediation; Chemical warfare agent; Decontamination; Enzyme; Organophosphorus; Pesticide; Phosphotriesterase; SsoPox