title: Immunomodulatory effect of a formula developed from American ginseng and Chinese jujube extracts in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) and Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance immune function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to develop one Chinese prescription, Shenzao Cha (SZC), consisting of American ginseng and Chinese jujube, and systematically investigate its immunomodulation in healthy ICR mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal ICR mice received intragastric administration of SZC (1.3, 2.6, and 5.2 g raw material/kg body weight) once daily for four weeks, while a control group received the same amount of sterile water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SZC significantly increased the spleen and thymus indices and T-lymphocyte proliferation, while the T-lymphocyte proliferation in the 5.2 g/kg group was 1.4-fold higher than that in the control. Further, 1.3 g/kg SZC could markedly improve hemolytic activity by 25.2%, and 2.6 g/kg SZC increased the NK cell activity by 78.6% relative to the control. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), that participated in modulating oxidative stress, were significantly increased in the liver, spleen, thymus, and serum, while the contents of malondialdehyde were dramatically decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SZC exhibited potent immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immunity in healthy ICR mice, as well as potential antioxidant activity for prevention of oxidative stress, which was suggested to partly contribute to the immune enhancement.
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo-ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Dong-dong
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lai-feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: American ginseng; Antioxidant activity; Chinese jujube; Immunomodulation
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