title: Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subjective health is a complex indicator predicting longevity independent of objective health. Few studies examine genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying different facets of subjective health across the life course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three subjective health measures were examined in 12,900 twins ( Mage= 63.38, range = 25-102) from nine studies in the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies Consortium: self-rated health (SRH), health compared with others (COMP), and health interfering with activities (ACT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses indicated age and sex differences in mean scores depending on the measure. SRH and ACT showed significant linear and non-linear moderation by age for individual differences in both genetic and environmental variance. Significant sex differences in components of variance were found for SRH and ACT, but not COMP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.affiliation: 2 Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Finkel
authors.affiliation: 1 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Panizzon
authors.affiliation: 1 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spoon
authors.affiliation: 3 Southern Denmark University, Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kaare
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: 4 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gatz
authors.affiliation: 1 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kremen
authors.affiliation: 5 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: 6 Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA.
authors.forename: Jenae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neiderhiser
authors.affiliation: 7 University of California, Riverside, USA.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: 8 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005823:Genetics; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D014427:Twins
keywords: IGEMS; genetic and environmental influences; self-rated health; subjective health; twins
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2013 Jan;68(1):107-16
references.pmid: 23197340
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2003 Jun;43(3):376-86; discussion 372-5
references.pmid: 12810902
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Jun;53(6):1002-7
references.pmid: 15935024
references.citation: Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009 Sep-Oct;49(2):208-11
references.pmid: 18819719
references.citation: Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006 Dec;9(6):1009-22
references.pmid: 17254445
references.citation: Twin Res. 2002 Dec;5(6):554-71
references.pmid: 12573187
references.citation: Med Care. 2005 Nov;43(11):1147-54
references.pmid: 16224309
references.citation: Scand J Public Health. 2007;35(2):164-71
references.pmid: 17454920
references.citation: Psychometrika. 2011 Apr 1;76(2):306-317
references.pmid: 23258944
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 Aug;69(3):307-16
references.pmid: 19520474
references.citation: Aging Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jun;18(3):211-7
references.pmid: 16804367
references.citation: Exp Aging Res. 2015;41(5):475-95
references.pmid: 26524232
references.citation: J Aging Health. 1999 Feb;11(1):49-64
references.pmid: 10848141
references.citation: Psychol Health. 2011 Nov;26(11):1407-13
references.pmid: 22111660
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2003 Jun;43(3):396-405; discussion 372-5
references.pmid: 12810904
references.citation: Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83
references.pmid: 1593914
references.citation: Behav Genet. 2003 Mar;33(2):125-36
references.pmid: 14574147
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005 Nov;60(6):S331-S340
references.pmid: 16260716
references.citation: Psychol Aging. 1993 Dec;8(4):527-37
references.pmid: 8292281
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002 May;57(3):S168-76
references.pmid: 11983743
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2001 Apr;30(2):326-33
references.pmid: 11369738
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2001 May;56(3):S171-8
references.pmid: 11316842
references.citation: Behav Genet. 2009 Nov;39(6):597-604
references.pmid: 19618259
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 May;49(5):601-9
references.pmid: 11380754
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 1993 Feb;36(4):441-50
references.pmid: 8434269
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2003 Apr;56(7):1447-52
references.pmid: 12614696
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 Jan;68(2):275-80
references.pmid: 19028414
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 2005 Jul;58(7):680-7
references.pmid: 15939219
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 2014 May;50(5):1362-76
references.pmid: 23181432
references.citation: Twin Res Hum Genet. 2010 Aug;13(4):322-9
references.pmid: 20707702
references.citation: Health Serv Res. 2000 Dec;35(5 Pt 1):995-1010
references.pmid: 11130808
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 1997 Mar;38(1):21-37
references.pmid: 9097506
references.citation: Health Psychol. 2004 Nov;23(6):651-5
references.pmid: 15546234
references.citation: Twin Res Hum Genet. 2013 Feb;16(1):481-9
references.pmid: 23186995
references.citation: Scand J Public Health. 2006;34(4):378-86
references.pmid: 16861188
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2003 Jan;56(2):203-17
references.pmid: 12473308
references.citation: Science. 1997 Jun 6;276(5318):1560-3
references.pmid: 9171059
references.citation: Behav Brain Sci. 2012 Oct;35(5):372-3
references.pmid: 23095394
references.citation: Psychosom Med. 2008 May;70(4):482-7
references.pmid: 18480194
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2011 Jan;66(1):61-71
references.pmid: 21041231
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 15;166(4):439-46
references.pmid: 17556762