title: Studies of human polyomaviruses, with HPyV7, BKPyV, and JCPyV present in urine of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patients with or without hemorrhagic cystitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can cause hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) patients and polyomavirus-associated nephritis in renal transplant patients, while JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) can generate progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised individuals. Since 2007, additional human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been identified. In this study, we examined the urines of allo-HSCT patients for possible presence of polyomaviruses BKPyV, JCPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, and HPyV10 (MWPyV).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 185 urinary samples obtained 2002-2007 from 105 allo-HSCT patients, 32/105 with HC, were tested for the above-listed HPyVs by a bead-based multiplex assay. Of these, 142 urine samples had previously been tested for BKPyV and JCPyV by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aside from BKPyV and JCPyV, which dominated, HPyV7 was detected in 5 BKPyV-positive urinary samples from 1 patient. The multiplex assay was more sensitive and specific than the nested PCR. BKPyV and/or JCPyV were found in all but 1 of the previously BKPyV- or JCPyV-positive samples, although 6 previously BKPyV-positive cases were now JCPyV-positive or the reverse. Furthermore, 18/79 previously negative samples were found to be BKPyV and/or JCPyV positive, and a total of 21 double infections were found. Lastly, in 1/29 HC patients, only JCPyV was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPyV7 was found for the first time in urine of an allo-HSCT patient, and BKPyV and JCPyV were more commonly found in urine samples using the bead-based assay compared to testing by nested PCR. Finally, only JCPyV was detected in the urine of 1 HC patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franzén
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tumour Biology and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grün
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalianis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003556:Cystitis / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006470:Hemorrhage; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BKPyV; HPyV6; HPyV7; JCPyV; allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; hemorrhagic cystitis; human polyomaviruses; urinary samples