title: Can a bleaching toothpaste containing Blue Covarine demonstrate the same bleaching as conventional techniques? An in vitro, randomized and blinded study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of a bleaching toothpaste containing Blue Covarine vs. conventional tooth bleaching techniques using peroxides (both in-office and at-home).
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were randomly distributed into five experimental groups (n=15): C - Control; BC - Bleaching toothpaste containing Blue Covarine; WBC - Bleaching toothpaste without Blue Covarine; HP35 - In-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide; and CP10 - At-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. The dental bleaching efficacy was determined by the color difference (ΔE), luminosity (ΔL), green-red axis (Δa), and blue-yellow axis (Δb). The CIELab coordinates were recorded with reflectance spectroscopy at different times: T0 - baseline, T1 - immediately after bleaching, T2 - 7 days, T3 - 14 days, and T4 - 21 days after the end of treatments. Data were analyzed by a repeated measures mixed ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test, with a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between the treatment groups C, BC, and WBC. The groups HP35 and CP10 showed significantly higher whitening efficacy than groups C, BC, and WBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences in the whitening efficacy between a Blue Covarine containing toothpaste, a standard whitening toothpaste, and a control. Neither of the whitening toothpastes tested were as effective as in-office or at-home bleaching treatments.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa Abi Rached
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaina Freitas
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bortolatto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ávery
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Roncolato
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merchan
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials Research, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael Christopher
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Floros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Osmir Batista de
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Oliveira Junior
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D054833:Isoindoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D054833:Isoindoles; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D014100:Toothpastes; C532297:blue covarine; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
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