title: Polyphasic analysis of an Azoarcus-Leptothrix-dominated bacterial biofilm developed on stainless steel surface in a gasoline-contaminated hypoxic groundwater.
abstract: Pump and treat systems are widely used for hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater remediation. Although biofouling (formation of clogging biofilms on pump surfaces) is a common problem in these systems, scarce information is available regarding the phylogenetic and functional complexity of such biofilms. Extensive information about the taxa and species as well as metabolic potential of a bacterial biofilm developed on the stainless steel surface of a pump submerged in a gasoline-contaminated hypoxic groundwater is presented. Results shed light on a complex network of interconnected hydrocarbon-degrading chemoorganotrophic and chemolitotrophic bacteria. It was found that besides the well-known hydrocarbon-degrading aerobic/facultative anaerobic biofilm-forming organisms (e.g., Azoarcus, Leptothrix, Acidovorax, Thauera, Pseudomonas, etc.), representatives of Fe(2+)-and Mn(2+)-oxidizing (Thiobacillus, Sideroxydans, Gallionella, Rhodopseudomonas, etc.) as well as of Fe(3+)- and Mn(4+)-respiring (Rhodoferax, Geobacter, Magnetospirillum, Sulfurimonas, etc.) bacteria were present in the biofilm. The predominance of β-Proteobacteria within the biofilm bacterial community in phylogenetic and functional point of view was revealed. Investigation of meta-cleavage dioxygenase and benzylsuccinate synthase (bssA) genes indicated that within the biofilm, Azoarcus, Leptothrix, Zoogloea, and Thauera species are most probably involved in intrinsic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Polyphasic analysis of the biofilm shed light on the fact that subsurface microbial accretions might be reservoirs of novel putatively hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial species. Moreover, clogging biofilms besides their detrimental effects might supplement the efficiency of pump and treat systems.
authors.affiliation: Regional University Center of Excellence in Environmental Industry, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benedek
authors.affiliation: Regional University Center of Excellence in Environmental Industry, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary. tancsics.andras@fh.szie.hu.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Táncsics
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Milán
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szoboszlay
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fábián
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maróti
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kriszt
mesh_terms: D020627:Azoarcus / Q000502:physiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000378:metabolism; D042743:Leptothrix / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013193:Stainless Steel; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases; C114354:benzylsuccinate synthase
keywords: 3-Dioxygenases; BTEX contamination; Biofilms; Biofouling; Catechol 2; Groundwater; Semiconductor sequencing; bssA
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