title: Investigation of biofilm formation ability, antimicrobial resistance and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec patterns of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with different sequence types isolated from children.
abstract: This study investigated the molecular characterizations of 80 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) collected during 2012-2013 in Tehran Children's Medical Center, Iran. About 90% of MRSE isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and the highest resistance was observed to cotrimoxazole and they were quite sensitive to quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid. Though vanA gene was not detected, the majority of isolates showed intermediate resistance to vancomycin (MIC90 16 μg/ml). Resistance to mupirocin was observed in 18 isolates. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types V, III, IV and II were detected in 23.75%, 7.5%, 6.25% and 5% of isolates respectively, in some of which the additional parts of mec or ccr complexes were observed. In 57.5% MRSE isolates SCCmec types were not classified. 41.2% of MRSE isolates were carrying intercellular adhesion (ica) operon and 40% had strong or intermediate biofilm. The types of arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) were limited to type I and II. Nine sequence types (STs) were seen in mupirocin resistant MRSE isolates. The common STs were ST2, ST5 and ST22 with 27.7% (5/18), 22.2% (4/18) and 16.6% (3/18) frequencies, respectively. ST23, ST54 and ST179 plus three novels STs 580, 581,588 were also observed. The majority of STs, 83.3% (15/18) belonged to clonal complex 2 (CC2). The spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors among MRSE species is an alarming sign in Children's Hospitals. The combination of these two issues leads to increase the chance of successfully establishing of common STs in hospital environments, and promotes the device-related infections and bacteremia.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Setareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soroush
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jabalameli
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Morovat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taherikalani
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nour
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amirmozafari
authors.affiliation: Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas Ali Imani
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fooladi
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Khairollah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asadollahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beigverdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: emaneini@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emaneini
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009876:Operon; D045522:Recombinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D045522:Recombinases; D008712:Methicillin
keywords: ACME; Biofilm; MDR; MLST; MRSE; ica operon