title: Violence at work: forensic medical examination of police officers assaulted while on duty: comparisons with other groups of workers in two centres of the Paris area, 2010-2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test for differences in somatic, psychic and functioning outcomes associated with assaults across four groups of workers, of which three are structurally at high risk of occupational violence. To report and compare job characteristics, characteristics of the assault and medical findings in police officers and other workers at the time of a forensic examination performed shortly after they complained for being assaulted while working.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-centre prospective study recruiting adult survivors of workplace violence who lodged a complaint to the judicial authorities and were examined by forensic physicians in the Paris area, between 2010 and 2012 over a 27-month period, was conducted. Victims were administered a dedicated questionnaire and filled in the peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed on collected data to account for potential biases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to employees of public transports services, private security guards and other workers, police officers were less likely to report psychic disturbances and peritraumatic dissociative experiences, despite adverse factors such as a worse external working climate or more frequent exposure to workplace assaults. No differences were observed in terms of somatic symptoms or functional impairment across groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although structurally more exposed to adverse factors than other workers, police officers appeared to be more protected from negative outcomes. The reasons for this resilience should be more precisely investigated.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Jean Verdier APHP, Avenue du 14 Juillet, 93140, Bondy, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Jean Verdier APHP, Avenue du 14 Juillet, 93140, Bondy, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, 91106, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gahide
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Jean Verdier APHP, Avenue du 14 Juillet, 93140, Bondy, France.|IRIS - Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur les enjeux Sociaux, INSERM, CNRS, EHESS, Université Paris 13, UMR 8156-997, 93100, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chariot
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Jean Verdier APHP, Avenue du 14 Juillet, 93140, Bondy, France. lefevre.thomas@gmail.com.|IRIS - Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur les enjeux Sociaux, INSERM, CNRS, EHESS, Université Paris 13, UMR 8156-997, 93100, Bobigny, France. lefevre.thomas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lefèvre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010297:Paris; D016495:Police / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014186:Transportation; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Clinical forensic medicine; Occupational medicine; Police officers; Total incapacity to work; Workplace violence
references.citation: Occup Med (Lond). 2011 Sep;61(6):400-6
references.pmid: 21846811
references.citation: Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(12):733-6
references.pmid: 19967429
references.citation: Int J Legal Med. 2015 Sep;129(5):1163-72
references.pmid: 25784386
references.citation: Eur Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;20(2):145-51
references.pmid: 15797699
references.citation: BMJ Open. 2013 Jul 19;3(7):null
references.pmid: 23872288
references.citation: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2014 Apr;87(3):295-306
references.pmid: 23463443
references.citation: Occup Med (Lond). 2003 Jun;53(4):256-64
references.pmid: 12815123
references.citation: Stress Health. 2014 Dec;30(5):366-76
references.pmid: 25312623
references.citation: J Occup Environ Med. 2011 Jan;53(1):82-9
references.pmid: 21187791
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 2005 Jan;56(1):93-5
references.pmid: 15637199
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Oct;68(5):748-66
references.pmid: 11068961
references.citation: J Clin Nurs. 2011 Apr;20(7-8):1072-85
references.pmid: 20846214
references.citation: Forensic Sci Int. 1989 Apr-May;41(1-2):169-80
references.pmid: 2767575
references.citation: J Forensic Leg Med. 2012 May;19(4):215-8
references.pmid: 22520374
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2003 Jan;129(1):52-73
references.pmid: 12555794
references.citation: Stress Health. 2014 Dec;30(5):416-24
references.pmid: 25476966
references.citation: Injury. 1998 Nov;29(9):705-9
references.pmid: 10211203
references.citation: Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2013;4:null
references.pmid: 23516046
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;158(9):1480-5
references.pmid: 11532735
references.citation: JAMA. 2010 Dec 8;304(22):2530-1
references.pmid: 21139115
references.citation: Am J Ind Med. 2012 Aug;55(8):691-7
references.pmid: 22354887
references.citation: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010 Mar;83(3):323-31
references.pmid: 20039177