title: Adipose tissue infiltration in normal-weight subjects and its impact on metabolic function.
abstract: Discordant phenotypes, metabolically healthy obese and unhealthy normal-weight individuals, are always interesting to provide important insights into the mechanistic link between adipose tissue dysfunction and associated metabolic alterations. Macrophages can release factors that impair the proper activity of the adipose tissue. Thus, studying subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, we investigated for the first time the differences in monocyte/macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and adipogenesis of normal-weight subjects who differed in their degree of metabolic syndrome. The study included 92 normal-weight subjects who differed in their degree of metabolic syndrome. Their anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. RNA from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues was isolated, and mRNA expression of monocyte/macrophage infiltration (CD68, CD33, ITGAM, CD163, EMR-1, CD206, MerTK, CD64, ITGAX), inflammation (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], IL-10, IL-1b, CCL2, CCL3), and adipogenic and lipogenic capacity markers (PPARgamma, FABP4) were measured. Taken together, our data provide evidence of a different degree of macrophage infiltration between the adipose tissues, with a higher monocyte/macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue in metabolically unhealthy normal-weight subjects, whereas visceral adipose tissue remained almost unaffected. An increased macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue and its consequences, such as a decrease in adipogenesis function, may explain why both the obese and normal-weight subjects can develop metabolic diseases or remain healthy.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: isabel.moreno@ibima.eu.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreno-Indias
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Wilfredo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oliva-Olivera
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omiste
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castellano-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lhamyani
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: fjtinahones@uma.es.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger