title: Alcoholic beverages, obesity, physical activity and other nutritional factors, and cancer risk: A review of the evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevention is a priority in the fight against cancers, especially nutritional prevention. To update the levels of evidence of relationships between 10 nutritional factors and cancer risk, the scientific literature published from 2006 to 2014 was reviewed by an expert group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 133 meta-analyses, pooled analyses or intervention trials were examined. Nearly 150 relationships between nutritional factors and cancer at various sites were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the evidence graded as convincing or probable, these factors were divided in two groups. Factors which increase the risk of cancer are alcoholic beverages, overweight and obesity, red meat and processed meat, salt and salted foods and beta-carotene supplements. Factors which decrease the risk of cancer are physical activity, fruits and vegetables, dietary fiber, dairy products and breastfeeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three main nutritional objectives should be attained to improve cancer prevention: to reduce alcoholic beverages consumption, to have a balanced and diversified diet and to be physically active.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France; French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1). Electronic address: paule.martel@jouy.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latino-Martel
authors.affiliation: French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1); University Hospital of Dijon, Inserm U866, Digestive Cancer Registry of Burgundy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cottet
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France; French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1).
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Druesne-Pecollo
authors.affiliation: French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1); UMR 1331 Toxalim, Inra, INP, UPS, Team 9 "Prevention, Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food", Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice H F
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.affiliation: French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1); Cancer and Environment Department, Léon-Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touillaud
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France; French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1).
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touvier
authors.affiliation: French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1); Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie; Inra, UMR 1019, CRNH Auvergne; Centre Jean-Perrin, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Unité de Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vasson
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France; French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1).
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deschasaux
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France; French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1).
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Merdy
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France; French Network on Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), France(1).
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrandon
authors.affiliation: French National Cancer Institute, Department of Prevention, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Raphaëlle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ancellin
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Alcohol; Beta-carotene supplements; Breastfeeding; Cancer; Diet; Obesity; Physical activity; Prevention