title: Psychiatric comorbidities in patients from seven families with autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this report was to assess the psychiatric comorbidity in a group of patients affected by autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy (ADCME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliable and validated psychodiagnostic scales including the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), STAI-Y1 and 2 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Y; 1 and 2), MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2), and QoLIE-31 (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory - 31) were administered to 20 patients with ADCME, 20 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and 20 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a higher prevalence of mood disorders in patients with ADCME compared to patients with JME and healthy controls, particularly depression (p=0.035 and p=0.017, respectively) and state anxiety (p=0.024 and p=0.019, respectively). Trait anxiety was not different from JME (p=0.102) but higher than healthy controls (p=0.017). The myoclonus score positively correlated with both state (rho: 0.58, p=0.042) and trait anxiety (rho: 0.65, p=0.011). These psychiatric features were also often associated with pathological traits of personality: paranoid (OR: 25.7, p=0.003), psychasthenia (OR: 7.0, p=0.023), schizophrenia (OR: 8.5, p=0.011), and hypomania (OR: 5.5, p=0.022). Finally, in patients with ADCME, decreased quality of life correlated with these psychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ADCME show a significant psychiatric burden that impairs their quality of life. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation should be offered at the time of diagnosis to detect these comorbidities and to treat them.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy. Electronic address: antonietta.coppola1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caccavale
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santulli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Epilepsy Society, Chesham Lane, Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks, UK; Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balestrini
authors.affiliation: Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cagnetti
authors.affiliation: IRCCS, Neurological Science Institute of Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Licchetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Science, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: IRCCS, Neurological Science Institute of Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bisulli
authors.affiliation: IRCCS, Neurological Science Institute of Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tinuper
authors.affiliation: Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Provinciali
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minetti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neurosciences, Department of Neurosciences, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zara
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Striano
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Striano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D014202:Tremor / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Epilepsy; Myoclonus; Personality disorders; Quality of life