title: Wholly Synthetic Molecular Machines.
abstract: The past quarter of a century has witnessed an increasing engagement on the part of physicists and chemists in the design and synthesis of molecular machines de novo. This minireview traces the development of artificial molecular machines from their prototypes in the form of shuttles and switches to their emergence as motors and pumps where supplies of energy in the form of chemical fuel, electrochemical potential and light activation become a minimum requirement for them to function away from equilibrium. The challenge facing this rapidly growing community of scientists and engineers today is one of putting wholly synthetic molecules to work, both individually and as collections. Here, we highlight some of the recent conceptual and practical advances relating to the operation of wholly synthetic rotary and linear motors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Chuyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. stoddart@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: J Fraser
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stoddart
mesh_terms: D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010455:Peptides; D011108:Polymers
keywords: dissipative systems; mechanostereochemistry; molecular machines; molecular motors; rotaxanes