title: An Ethogram to Quantify Operating Room Behavior.
abstract: The operating room (OR) is a highly social and hierarchical setting where interprofessional team members must work interdependently under pressure. Due primarily to methodological challenges, the social and behavioral sciences have had trouble offering insight into OR dynamics.
  
  
  
  We adopted a method from the field of ethology for observing and quantifying the interpersonal interactions of OR team members.
  
  
  
  We created and refined an ethogram, a catalog of all our subjects' observable social behaviors. The ethogram was then assessed for its feasibility and interobserver reliability.
  
  
  
  It was feasible to use an ethogram to gather data in the OR. The high interobserver reliability (Cohen's Kappa coefficients of 81 % and higher) indicates its utility for yielding largely objective, descriptive, quantitative data on OR behavior.
  
  
  
  The method we propose has potential for social research conducted in healthcare settings as complex as the OR.
authors.affiliation: Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. lkjones@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2033-1360
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie Mowinski
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.affiliation: Emory Healthcare Surgical Services, Atlanta, GA, USA.|South University Anesthesiologist Assistant Program, Savannah, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goelz
authors.affiliation: Emory Healthcare Surgical Services, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kent W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Haythorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Joel B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zivot
authors.affiliation: Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Professor at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Frans B M
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Waal
mesh_terms: D005010:Ethology / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009873:Operating Rooms; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: Health communication; Health services research; Worksite health
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