title: Advances in ureteroscopy.
abstract: Ureteroscopy (URS) is a procedure which has been constantly evolving since the development of first generation devices 40 years ago. Progress towards smaller and more sophisticated equipment has been particularly rapid in the last decade. We review the significant steps that have been made toward improving outcomes and limiting morbidity with this procedure which is central to the management of urolithiasis and other upper urinary tract pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wetherell
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ow
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Bhawanie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koonjbeharry
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Ania
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sliwinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Mahesha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weerakoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lawrentschuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Damien M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bolton
keywords: Ureteroscopy (URS); digital imaging; laser; urinary calculi
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