title: University clinic and private practice treatment outcomes in Class I extraction and nonextraction patients: A comparative study with the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes in university vs private practice settings with Class I patients using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parent sample of 580 Class I patients treated with and without extractions of 4 first premolars was subjected to discriminant analysis to identify a borderline spectrum of 66 patients regarding the extraction modality. Of these patients, 34 were treated in private orthodontic practices, and 32 were treated in a university graduate orthodontic clinic. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using the 8 variables of the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total scores ranged from 10 to 47 (mean, 25.44; SD, 9.8) for the university group and from 14 to 45 (mean, 25.94; SD, 7.7) for the private practice group. The university group achieved better scores for the variables of buccolingual inclination (mean difference, 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59, 3.98; P = 0.01) and marginal ridges (mean difference, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.28, 2.36; P = 0.01), and the private practice group achieved a better score for the variable of root angulation (mean difference, -0.65; 95% CI, -1.26, -0.03; P = 0.04). However, no statistically intergroup differences were found between the total American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System scores (mean difference, -0.5; 95% CI, -3.82, 4.82; P = 0.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients can receive similar quality of orthodontic treatment in a private practice and a university clinic. The orthodontists in the private practices were more successful in angulating the roots properly, whereas the orthodontic residents accomplished better torque control of the posterior segments and better marginal ridges.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mislik
authors.affiliation: Research associate, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Konstantonis
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katsadouris
authors.affiliation: Professor and director, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: theodore.eliades@zzm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eliades
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003740:Dental Clinics / Q000592:standards*; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy*; D003765:Models, Dental; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D011331:Private Practice / Q000592:standards*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D013044:Specialty Boards / Q000592:standards*; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019415:Torque; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014495:Universities / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult