title: Vitamin B12 and folate status in early pregnancy and cardiometabolic risk factors in the offspring at age 5-6 years: findings from the ABCD multi-ethnic birth cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether maternal vitamin B12 and folate status during early pregnancy are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in the offspring at age 5-6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective multi-ethnic birth cohort, the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study (ABCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  12,373 pregnant women living in Amsterdam were approached between 2003 and 2004 for participation in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mother-child pairs for whom information on maternal vitamin B12 or folate status in early gestation and health at age 5-6 years was available (n = 1950).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were determined in maternal serum at intake in early pregnancy (median 13 weeks' gestation). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and fasting blood samples were collected during a health check of children aged 5-6 years. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate the association between maternal serum concentrations and children's outcomes, corrected for confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gestational age at birth, birthweight, body mass index (BMI), glucose levels, triglyceride levels, blood pressure and heart rate of the offspring at age 5-6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low maternal folate levels during early pregnancy were associated with slightly higher BMI in the offspring [decrease per 10 units: β 0.07 kg/m(2), 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01, 0.13]. Low maternal vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with higher heart rates (decrease per 100 units: β 0.49 beats/min, 95% CI 0.11, 0.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further evidence that maternal nutrition in early pregnancy may possibly program cardiometabolic health of the offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low folate and vitamin B12 levels during pregnancy are associated with higher BMI and heart rate in offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Krikke
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Grooten
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: T G M
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Vrijkotte
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Eijsden
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Roseboom
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Painter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Body mass index; folate; heart rate; offspring; pregnancy; vitamin B12