title: Fifteen new earthworm mitogenomes shed new light on phylogeny within the Pheretima complex.
abstract: The Pheretima complex within the Megascolecidae family is a major earthworm group. Recently, the systematic status of the Pheretima complex based on morphology was challenged by molecular studies. In this study, we carry out the first comparative mitogenomic study in oligochaetes. The mitogenomes of 15 earthworm species were sequenced and compared with other 9 available earthworm mitogenomes, with the main aim to explore their phylogenetic relationships and test different analytical approaches on phylogeny reconstruction. The general earthworm mitogenomic features revealed to be conservative: all genes encoded on the same strand, all the protein coding loci shared the same initiation codon (ATG), and tRNA genes showed conserved structures. The Drawida japonica mitogenome displayed the highest A + T content, reversed AT/GC-skews and the highest genetic diversity. Genetic distances among protein coding genes displayed their maximum and minimum interspecific values in the ATP8 and CO1 genes, respectively. The 22 tRNAs showed variable substitution patterns between the considered earthworm mitogenomes. The inclusion of rRNAs positively increased phylogenetic support. Furthermore, we tested different trimming tools for alignment improvement. Our analyses rejected reciprocal monophyly among Amynthas and Metaphire and indicated that the two genera should be systematically classified into one.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liangliang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecosystem Study (ISE), Italian National Research Council, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sechi
authors.affiliation: College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Minglong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jibao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiangping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000502:physiology*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny
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