title: Sustainable biorefining in wastewater by engineered extreme alkaliphile Bacillus marmarensis.
abstract: Contamination susceptibility, water usage, and inability to utilize 5-carbon sugars and disaccharides are among the major obstacles in industrialization of sustainable biorefining. Extremophilic thermophiles and acidophiles are being researched to combat these problems, but organisms which answer all the above problems have yet to emerge. Here, we present engineering of the unexplored, extreme alkaliphile Bacillus marmarensis as a platform for new bioprocesses which meet all these challenges. With a newly developed transformation protocol and genetic tools, along with optimized RBSs and antisense RNA, we engineered B. marmarensis to produce ethanol at titers of 38 g/l and 65% yields from glucose in unsterilized media. Furthermore, ethanol titers and yields of 12 g/l and 50%, respectively, were produced from cellobiose and xylose in unsterilized seawater and algal-contaminated wastewater. As such, B. marmarensis presents a promising approach for the contamination-resistant biorefining of a wide range of carbohydrates in unsterilized, non-potable seawater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Wernick
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Sammy P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pontrelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.|Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.|UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, 201 Boyer Hall, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001711:Biotransformation; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D062065:Wastewater
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