title: Sialolithiasis is associated with nephrolithiasis: a case-control study.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates an association between sialolithiasis and nephrolithiasis. The results call for more awareness of this association among physicians and patients with nephrolithiasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Very few empirical studies have been conducted to explore the potential association between sialolithiasis and nephrolithiasis. As such, the association between sialolithiasis and nephrolithiasis still remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the possible association between sialolithiasis and nephrolithiasis using a population-based dataset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005, this case-control study identified 966 patients with sialolithiasis as cases and 2898 sex- and age-matched subjects without sialolithiasis as controls. Conditional logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association of sialolithiasis with previously diagnosed nephrolithiasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 3864 sampled patients, 165 (4.27%) had prior nephrolithiasis. Using Chi-square test, it was found that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of prior nephrolithiasis between the cases and controls (10.25% vs 2.28%, p < 0.001). Moreover, by conditional logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of prior nephrolithiasis for cases was 4.74 (95% CI = 3.41-6.58, p < 0.001) when compared to controls after adjusting for monthly income, geographic location, urbanization level of residence, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, chronic renal disease, and tobacco use.
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Care Administration , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan ;|b Department of Plastic Surgery , Taipei City Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan ;
authors.forename: Chuan-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Otolaryngology , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan ;|d Department of Otolaryngology , Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan ;
authors.forename: Shih-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Care Administration , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan ;|e Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan ;
authors.forename: Herng-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: f Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan ;
authors.forename: Cha-Ze
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: g Department of Psychiatry , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan ;
authors.forename: Hsin-Chien
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: e Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan ;|h Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, College of Informatics, Yuan-Ze University , Chung-Li , Taiwan ;|i Division of Urology, Department of Surgery , Far Eastern Memorial Hospital , Banciao , Taipei , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiu-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015494:Salivary Gland Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Sialolithiasis; epidemiology; nephrolithiasis