title: Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Fish Oil Supplementation Improves Body Composition without Influence of the PPARγ Pro12Ala Polymorphism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this research were to investigate (1) the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil supplementation on body composition, plasma adiponectin level, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene expression, and (2) whether the effect of DHA-rich fish oil supplementation on the aforementioned variables is modulated by PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ala carriers and non-Ala carriers were randomly assigned to DHA-rich fish oil or placebo intake for 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycemic control was not affected by the intervention. The supplementation with DHA-rich fish oil decreased waist circumference (p < 0.001), body fat mass (p = 0.01), body fat percent (p = 0.04), and viscera fat rating (p = 0.02) as well as trunk fat mass (p = 0.04). Weight, body mass index, fat-free mass, adiponectin level, and PPARγ gene expression changes showed no significant difference. No gene-diet interaction was found on body composition, adiponectin level, and PPARγ gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DHA-rich fish oil supplementation favorably modulated body composition in patients with T2DM and could be useful to reduce visceral obesity. However, the PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism did not influence the changes in the desired variables.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mansoori
authors.forename: Gity
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sotoudeh
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djalali
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keramatipour
authors.forename: Ensieh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nasli-Esfahani
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shidfar
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvandi
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Toupchian
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koohdani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D010919:Placebos; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010919:Placebos; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D011392:Proline; D000409:Alanine