title: Antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of Eurycoma longifolia extracts.
abstract: Eurycoma longifolia is one of the most popular herbal medicines in Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of E. longifolia roots (TA) in vivo and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. TA was tested for analgesic activity by the hot plate test and acetic acid test in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of TA was observed in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The in vitro molecular study using macrophage cells was performed to elucidate the relevant mechanism. The analgesic activity of 400 mg/kg TA was higher than that of aspirin in the hot plate test. TA also showed analgesic effects in the acetic acid test in a dose-dependent manner. In carrageenan-induced edema in mice, TA showed an anti-inflammatory effect comparable to that of diclofenac. Further in vitro molecular study using macrophage cells revealed that TA suppressed NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, leading to inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduction in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These results exhibited the beneficial effects of TA for alleviating pain and inflammation, which were exerted through inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea. hsyim@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyungshin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea. yoohh@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hye Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D035701:Eurycoma / Q000737:chemistry*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004008:Diclofenac; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Analgesics; Anti-inflammation; Eurycoma longifolia; Simaroubaceae