title: How can periorbital oedema and ecchymose be reduced in rhinoplasty?
abstract: Oedema and ecchymose are frequent morbidities of septorhinoplasty, a facial surgical procedure for reforming the shape and functions of the nose. Periorbital oedema (PO) and periorbital ecchymose (PE) are normal occurrences, but are undesirable for patients undergoing the procedure for aesthetic purposes. The present study examined 65 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty for aesthetic and functional complaints. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 patients underwent lateral osteotomy following tip plasty, at the end of the surgical operation; Group 2 patients underwent lateral osteotomy before tip plasty, at the beginning of the surgical operation. Patients were followed on the postoperative first, third and seventh days. PO and PE values of patients were scored from 0 to 4. The plastering time (Pt) was significantly shorter for Group I than Group II (p < 0.05). The total surgical time (T) showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The PO value at the first, third and seventh days was significantly smaller for Group I than Group II (p < 0.05). The PE value at the first, third and seventh days was also significantly smaller for Group I than Group II (p < 0.05). The obtained data indicate that performing a lateral osteotomy in the final stages of surgery, and subsequently applying a nasal plaster and splint as rapidly as possible, decreases PO and PE in the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kiziltepe State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey. erdem_cglr@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caglar
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yeni Yuzyil University, Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Saban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Topak
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necati Omer
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Develioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fatsa State Hospital, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulekci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004438:Ecchymosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D009915:Orbit; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods
keywords: Lateral osteotomy; Periorbital ecchymose; Periorbital oedema; Postoperative morbidity; Rhinoplasty
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