title: Contemporary Mapping Techniques of Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias - Identifying and Modifying the Arrhythmogenic Substrate.
abstract: Cardiac electrophysiology has moved a long way forward during recent decades in the comprehension and treatment of complex cardiac arrhythmias. Contemporary electroanatomical mapping systems, along with state-of-the-art technology in the manufacture of electrophysiology catheters and cardiac imaging modalities, have significantly enriched our armamentarium, enabling the implementation of various mapping strategies and techniques in electrophysiology procedures. Beyond conventional mapping strategies, ablation of complex fractionated electrograms and rotor ablation in atrial fibrillation ablation procedures, the identification and modification of the underlying arrhythmogenic substrate has emerged as a strategy that leads to improved outcomes. Arrhythmogenic substrate modification also has a major role in ventricular tachycardia ablation procedures. Optimisation of contact between tissue and catheter and image integration are a further step forward to augment our precision and effectiveness. Hybridisation of existing technologies with a reasonable cost should be our goal over the next few years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koutalas
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Borislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dinov
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bollmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sommer
keywords: Electroanatomical mapping systems; arrhythmogenic substrate; atrial fibrillation; contact force; image integration; mapping techniques; ventricular tachycardia
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