title: Distribution, enrichment, and potential toxicity of trace metals in the surface sediments of Sundarban mangrove ecosystem, Bangladesh: a baseline study before Sundarban oil spill of December, 2014.
abstract: The distribution, enrichment, and ecotoxicity potential of Bangladesh part of Sundarban mangrove was investigated for eight trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) using sediment quality assessment indices. The average concentration of trace metals in the sediments exceeded the crustal abundance suggesting sources other than natural in origin. Additionally, the trace metals profile may be a reflection of socio-economic development in the vicinity of Sundarban which further attributes trace metals abundance to the anthropogenic inputs. A total of eleven surficial sediment samples were collected along a vertical transect along the freshwater-saline water gradient. The sediment samples were digested using EPA 3051 method and were analyzed on ICP-MS. Geo-accumulation index suggests moderately polluted sediment quality with respect to Ni and As and background concentrations for Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, As, and Cd. Contamination factor analysis suggested low contamination by Zn, Cr, Co, and Cd, moderate by Fe, Mn, Cu, and Pb while Ni and As show considerable and high contamination, respectively. Enrichment factors for Ni, Pb, and As suggests high contamination from either biota or anthropogenic inputs besides natural enrichment. As per the three sediment quality guidelines, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and As would be more of a concern with respect to ecotoxicological risk in the Sundarban mangroves. The correlation between various physiochemical variables and trace metals suggested significant role of fine grained particles (clay) in trace metal distribution whereas owing to low organic carbon content in the region the organic complexation may not be playing significant role in trace metal distribution in the Sundarban mangroves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.|School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India. alrjnu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Al
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.affiliation: ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
authors.forename: M B K
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
authors.forename: Swati Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sappal
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh; D058448:Biota; D017753:Ecosystem; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Contamination; Enrichment; Mangroves; Sediments; Toxicity; Trace metals
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