title: Overexpression of a brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene Dwarf enhances photosynthetic capacity through activation of Calvin cycle enzymes in tomato.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic manipulation of brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis or signaling is a promising strategy to improve crop yield and quality. However, the relationships between the BR-promoted growth and photosynthesis and the exact mechanism of BR-regulated photosynthetic capacity are not clear. Here, we generated transgenic tomato plants by overexpressing Dwarf, a BR biosynthetic gene that encodes the CYP85A1, and compared the photosynthetic capacity with the BR biosynthetic mutant d (im) and wild type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of Dwarf promoted net photosynthetic rate (P N), whereas BR deficiency in d (im) led to a significant inhibition in P N as compared with WT. The activation status of RuBisCO, and the protein content and activity of RuBisCO activase, but not the total content and transcripts of RuBisCO were closely related to the endogenous BR levels in different genotypes. However, endogenous BR positively regulated the expression and activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Dwarf overexpression enhanced the activity of dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase, leading to a reduced redox status, whereas BR deficiency had the contrasting effects. In addition, BR induced a reduction of 2-cystein peroxiredoxin without altering the protein content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BR plays a role in the regulation of photosynthesis. BR can increase the photosynthetic capacity by inducing a reduced redox status that maintains the activation states of Calvin cycle enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China. lixiaojinggood@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China. 1175123974@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China. yanhongzhou@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China. kaishi@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China. jie@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China. jqyu@zju.edu.cn.|Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China. jqyu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing-Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China. xiaojianxia@zju.edu.cn.|Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China. xiaojianxia@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060406:Brassinosteroids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D060406:Brassinosteroids; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase
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