title: Ultrasound characteristics of thyroid nodules diagnosed as follicular neoplasms by fine-needle aspiration cytology. A prospective study with histological correlation.
abstract: Cytopathological evaluation has been proven useful in the diagnostic work-up of "cold" nodules. The cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm usually requires histology to exclude malignancy. The objective of this prospective study was to test the hypothesis that ultrasound examinations show distinct characteristics in a subgroup of nodules which may attest the benign nature of a follicular neoplasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 patients (45 women, 11 men) were included in the study. All patients had a "cold" nodule which was diagnosed as follicular neoplasm. Consecutive histology revealed follicular adenomas (FTAs) (n = 44), follicular carcinomas (FTCs) (n = 7) and papillary carcinomas (PTCs) (n = 5), including follicular variant papillary carcinomas (fv PTCs) (n = 4). Ultrasound examinations were performed preoperatively. The ultrasound examinations were evaluated with respect to seven characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 21 % of patients a follicular neoplasm was associated with a malignant and in 79 % of patients with a benign tumor as compared with histology. The ultrasound characteristics size ≤ 2 ml, round shape and homogeneous structure revealed significant differences for FTAs, FTCs and PTCs with p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.027, resp. With respect to the benign nature of a follicular neoplasm maximum values for sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 and 0.83. Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that ultrasound criteria were suitable to discriminate between benign vs. malignant nodules and among FTAs, FTCs and PTCs with correlation coefficients of r = 0.53 and r = 0.74, resp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in selected patients with higher operative risks and cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm ultrasound parameters may be helpful to assume a benign nature of the neoplasm and thus avoid the necessity of a histological work-up.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Michael Cordes, Visiting Professor (Wroclaw MU), Martin-Richter-Straße 43, 90489 Nürnberg, Germany, Fax +49/(0)911/586 01 48, michael.cordes@rpnl.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horstrup
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasiadek
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Ultrasound; cytology; fine-needle aspiration biopsy; follicular adenomas; follicular carcinomas; follicular neoplasms