title: Durability of Resin-Zirconia Bonds Produced Using Methods Available in Dental Practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the strength, after artificial aging, of resin-zirconia bonds yielded by methods available in dental practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized test specimens consisting of composite resin cylinders cemented to Y-TZP disks were assigned to 24 groups (n=20 per group) on the basis of the surface conditioning of the disks and the adhesive used (cement+manufacturer-specific primer). Conditioning methods were: none (control), airborne particle abrasion (50-μm Al2O3 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.25 MPa), or tribochemical silica coating (Rocatec or CoJet). Panavia 21+Clearfil Ceramic Primer, Multilink Automix+Monobond Plus, BiFix QM+Ceramic bond, or RelyX Ultimate+Scotchbond Universal were used for cementation. Specimens were stored in water at 37°C either for 3 days or for 150 days in conjunction with 37,500 thermocycles before being submitted to a tensile test (crosshead speed: 1 mm/min). Nonparametric ANOVA and post-hoc tests within the same model were applied to the results (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conditioning, cement, aging, and all their interactions significantly affected bond strength (p<0.0001). After storage in water for 3 days, bond strengths ranged between 4 and 45 MPa (values were lowest in the BiFix QM groups). After long-term aging, the best results were obtained for silica-coated (Rocatec) zirconia samples cemented with Panavia 21/Clearfil Ceramic Primer; this was the only group for which bond strengths were >10 MPa. Premature failure of the resin-ceramic bond was usually observed during long-term aging, the only exception being the non-control groups cemented with Panavia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most bonding strategies failed to create bonds to zirconia with acceptable strength after long-term aging. It might therefore be unwise to rely solely on adhesion for retention of load-bearing Y-TZP restorations.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bömicke
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schürz
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krisam
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rammelsberg
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rues
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C515607:Bifix composite; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C093719:Panavia TPN-S; D010710:Phosphates; C528569:Rely-X; D019279:Resin Cements; C502351:multilink adhesive system; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D014867:Water; D015019:Yttrium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C041330:Scotchbond; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide