title: Development of an in vivo swine model of biliary dilatation-based direct peroral cholangioscopy.
abstract: A reproducible in vivo swine model of bile duct dilation (BDD) was recently established and reported for preclinical testing of newly developed biliary devices or endoscopic techniques. The aim of the present study was to develop a more advanced large animal model in which it is possible to direct examination of the biliary tree. Methods Six mini pigs were prepared for the study. BDD models were first made by closure of the Vater's ampulla in all swine. Then endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) was done in the animals. Feasibility of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy without assistance of accessories was evaluated using an ultra-slim upper endoscope in the animals. Results EPBD could be implemented using a dilation balloon catheter (10~13.5 mm) in all BDD models (6/6, 100%). Success rate of freehand direct insertion of an ultra-slim endoscope into the common bile duct was 100% (6/6), and access to the common hepatic duct with examination was possible using direct peroral cholangioscopy in five animals (5/6, 83.3%). None of the animals died. In the cholangioscopic examination, a bile duct polyp and a benign biliary stricture occurred naturally, respectively, in two of the six swine. Conclusion An in vivo swine model of biliary dilatation-based direct peroral cholangioscopy was established. This novel animal model may be useful for preclinical research of new materials or devices because direct visualization of the biliary tree is feasible.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.|The National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorders (NCEED), Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Il
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jong Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hee Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hee Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Univeristy Ansan Hospital, Korea University School of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin Hyun
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.|The National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorders (NCEED), Incheon, South Korea.|Utah-Inha DDS & Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Don Haeng
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D017546:Angioscopy; D000818:Animals; D004106:Dilatation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; D013552:Swine
keywords: animal experimentation; biliary disease; direct visualization; peroral cholangioscopy; ultra-slim endoscope