title: What is a Ca(2+) wave? Is it like an Electrical Wave?
abstract: Arrhythmia subcellular mechanisms are constantly being explored. Recent knowledge has shown that travelling Ca(2+) waves in cardiac cells are critical for delayed afterdepolarisations and in some cases, early afterdepolarisations. In this review, we comment on the properties of cardiac Ca(2+) waves and abnormal Ca(2+) releases in terms of properties used to describe electrical waves; propagation, excitability and refractoriness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York;
authors.forename: Penelope A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Boyden
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York;
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dun
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruno D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stuyvers
keywords: Ca2+ waves; Delayed afterdepolarisation; arrhythmias; early afterdepolarisation
references.citation: Circ Res. 2012 Feb 17;110(4):569-77
references.pmid: 22223353
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Feb 7;109(6):2150-5
references.pmid: 22308396
references.citation: J Physiol. 1978 Aug;281:187-208
references.pmid: 702368
references.citation: Circ Res. 2003 Sep 19;93(6):487-90
references.pmid: 14500331
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2011 Sep 1;91(4):598-605
references.pmid: 21613275
references.citation: Circ Res. 1999 Jun 25;84(12):1459-68
references.pmid: 10381899
references.citation: Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):292-5
references.pmid: 1411526
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 1985 Feb;85(2):247-89
references.pmid: 2580043
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 31;101(35):13062-7
references.pmid: 15322274
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2004 Apr;84(2):431-88
references.pmid: 15044680
references.citation: Circ Res. 1997 Oct;81(4):462-9
references.pmid: 9314826
references.citation: Circ Res. 2013 Jul 5;113(2):142-52
references.pmid: 23674379
references.citation: J Physiol. 2012 Dec 15;590(24):6353-61
references.pmid: 23090944
references.citation: J Physiol. 1976 Dec;263(2):73-100
references.pmid: 1018270
references.citation: Basic Res Cardiol. 1985;80 Suppl 2:83-7
references.pmid: 4062839
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 5;102(27):9607-12
references.pmid: 15972811
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Jul 8;97(1):35-43
references.pmid: 15947247
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Dec;171(24):5665-81
references.pmid: 25073832
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Mar;57(3):681-93
references.pmid: 12618230
references.citation: Circ Res. 1996 Dec;79(6):1077-85
references.pmid: 8943946
references.citation: Circulation. 2000 Oct 24;102(17):2131-6
references.pmid: 11044432
references.citation: Circ Res. 2014 Jun 20;115(1):68-78
references.pmid: 24759929
references.citation: Front Pharmacol. 2014 Feb 20;5:21
references.pmid: 24600394
references.citation: J Physiol. 1998 Nov 1;512 ( Pt 3):669-76
references.pmid: 9769412
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 1985 Feb;85(2):291-320
references.pmid: 2580044
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(8):2708-12
references.pmid: 2784857
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1519-28
references.pmid: 9430691
references.citation: Circ Res. 1999 Oct 15;85(8):672-81
references.pmid: 10521240
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;117(1):157-67
references.pmid: 1556150
references.citation: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2010 Jan 01;15:661-80
references.pmid: 20036839
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013 Oct 14;8(10):e78087
references.pmid: 24155982
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Mar 18;96(5):535-42
references.pmid: 15718502
references.citation: J Physiol. 2015 Mar 15;593(6):1443-58
references.pmid: 25384790
references.citation: Circ Res. 2003 Oct 3;93(7):592-4
references.pmid: 12946948
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 18;110(25):10312-7
references.pmid: 23733959
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2007 Apr;87(2):457-506
references.pmid: 17429038
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2005 Mar;115(3):556-64
references.pmid: 15765137
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Oct;297(4):H1235-42
references.pmid: 19648256
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Sep 5;114(10):1012-9
references.pmid: 16908766