title: Human endometrial regenerative cells attenuate renal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) is an attractive novel type of adult mesenchymal stem cells that can be non-invasively obtained from menstrual blood and are easily replicated at a large scale without tumorigenesis. We have previously reported that ERCs exhibit unique immunoregulatory properties in experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the protective effects of ERCs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal IRI in C57BL/6 mice was induced by clipping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 48 h. ERCs were isolated from healthy female menstrual blood, and were injected (1 million/mouse, i.v.) into mice 2 h prior to IRI induction. Renal function, pathological and immunohistological changes, cell populations and cytokine profiles were evaluated after 48 h of renal reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we showed that as compared to untreated controls, administration of ERCs effectively prevented renal damage after IRI, indicated by better renal function and less pathological changes, which were associated with increased serum levels of IL-4, but decreased levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6. Also, ERC-treated mice displayed significantly less splenic and renal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations, while the percentage of splenic CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and infiltrating M2 macrophages in the kidneys were significantly increased in ERC-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the novel anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of ERCs are associated with attenuation of renal IRI, suggesting that the unique features of ERCs may make them a promising candidate for cell therapies in the treatment of ischemic acute kidney injury in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. 15202239575@163.com.|Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China. 15202239575@163.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. lj6135@Sina.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. 328353991@qq.com.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. 37duchuan@sina.com.|Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China. 37duchuan@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoxi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. gxy6283@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiangying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China. xgllachel@163.com.
authors.forename: HongYue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. hanhongqiu@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongqiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. caigan.du@ubc.ca.|Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. caigan.du@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Caigan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. hwangca272@hotmail.com.|Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China. hwangca272@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D012038:Regeneration; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines
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