title: Higher prices, higher quality? Evidence from German nursing homes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the relationship between prices and quality of 7400 German nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use a cross section of public quality reports for all German nursing homes, which had been evaluated between 2010 and 2013 by external institutions. Our analysis is based on multivariate regressions in a two stage least squares framework, where we instrument prices to explain their effect on quality controlling for income, nursing home density, demographics, labour market characteristics, and infrastructure at the regional level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Descriptive analysis shows that prices and quality do not only vary across nursing homes, but also across counties and federal states and that quality and prices correlate positively. Second, the econometric analysis, which accounts for the endogenous relation between negotiated price and reported quality, shows that quality indeed positively depends on prices. In addition, more places in nursing homes per people in need are correlated with both lower prices and higher quality. Finally, unobserved factors at the federal state level capture some of the variation of reported quality across nursing homes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that higher prices increase quality. Furthermore, since reported quality and prices vary substantially across federal states, we conclude that the quality and prices of long-term care facilities may well be compared within federal states but not across.
authors.affiliation: Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; CINCH, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: annika.herr@dice.hhu.de.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.affiliation: TUM School of Management, Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 Munich, Germany; Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim, Germany; KU Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: hanna.hottenrott@tum.de.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hottenrott
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D012044:Regression Analysis
keywords: Care quality; Long-term care; Nursing homes; Price; Two-stage least squares