title: Regulation of peripheral classical and non-classical monocytes on infliximab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the regulatory effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockade with infliximab on the distribution of peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Purified CD11b+CD14+ monocytes from 5 patients with RA and 5 AS were analysed ex vivo before and after infliximab treatment by flow cytometry for CD16, CD163, CD11b, C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) at baseline and at days 2, 14, 84 and 168 after the first infliximab administration. Serum levels of the stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and monocyte chemotactic peptide (MCP)-1 at different time points were measured in either patient group before and on infliximab treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-TNF treatment with infliximab led to a significant increase of circulating CD11b+ non-classical and a concomitantly decrease of CD11b+ classical monocytes, to a decline in SDF-1 levels and reduced expression of CCR2 and CXCR4 on non-classical monocyte subpopulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows, that TNFα blockade by infliximab resulted in a dichotomy of the regulation of classical and non-classical monocytes that might have substantial impact on inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and of subsequent juxta-articular bone destruction and systemic bone loss in RA and AS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aeberli
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamgang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Group for Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balani
authors.affiliation: Group for Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department of Clinical Research , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Villiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seitz
keywords: Ankylosing Spondylitis; Anti-TNF; Rheumatoid Arthritis
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