title: The dynamic subcellular localization of ERK: mechanisms of translocation and role in various organelles.
abstract: The dynamic subcellular localization of ERK in resting and stimulated cells plays an important role in its regulation. In resting cells, ERK localizes in the cytoplasm, and upon stimulation, it translocates to its target substrates and organelles. ERK signaling initiated from different places in resting cells has distinct outcomes. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of ERK1/2 translocation to the nucleus and mitochondria, and of ERK1c to the Golgi. We also show that ERK1/2 translocation to the nucleus is a useful anti cancer target. Unraveling the complex subcellular localization of ERK and its dynamic changes upon stimulation provides a better understanding of the regulation of ERK signaling and may result in the development of new strategies to combat ERK-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wainstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel. Electronic address: rony.seger@weizmann.ac.il.
authors.forename: Rony
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3