title: Acute crack cocaine exposure induces genetic damage in multiple organs of rats.
abstract: Crack cocaine is a very toxic product derived from cocaine. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic damage in multiple organs of rats following acute exposure to crack cocaine. A total of 20 Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 5), as follows: 0, 4.5, 9, and 18 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of crack cocaine administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.). All animals were killed 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The results showed that crack cocaine increased the number of micronucleated cells in bone marrow cells exposed to 18 mg/kg crack cocaine (p < 0.05). Peripheral blood and liver cells presented genetic damage as depicted by single cell gel (comet) assay at 9 and 18 mg/kg doses (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry data revealed significant increase in 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunoexpression in hepatocytes of animals exposed to crack cocaine at 9 and 18 mg/kg (p < 0.05) when compared with negative controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate that crack cocaine is able to induce genomic damage in multiple organs of Wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, Zip Code 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Gregolin
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Veronica Quispe
authors.initials: VQ
authors.lastname: Yujra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, Zip Code 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel Rangel
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Claudio
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Campus Litoral Paulista, Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Jose Dias
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Campus Litoral Paulista, Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.affiliation: Department of Sea Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camilo Dias Seabra
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, Zip Code 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, Zip Code 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil. daribeiro@unifesp.br.|Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil. daribeiro@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Daniel Araki
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: Crack cocaine; DNA damage; Genomic instability; Rat
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