title: Turner syndrome with spinal hemorrhage due to vascular malformation.
abstract: Turner syndrome (TS) is a relatively common chromosomal disorder and is associated with a range of comorbidities involving the cardiovascular system. Vascular abnormalities, in particular, are a common finding in cases of TS. However, dissection involving the vertebral arteries is rare. Here, we report the case of a 9-year-old girl with TS who had been treated with growth hormone replacement therapy for the past 3 years. She presented with weakness of both lower legs, and was ultimately diagnosed with spinal hemorrhage due to vascular malformation. We treated her with intravenous high dose dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg) and she could walk without assistance after 6 days of treatment. In conclusion, when a patient with TS shows sudden weakness of the lower limbs, we should consider the possibility of spinal vessel rupture and try to take spine magnetic resonance imaging as soon as possible. We suggest a direction how to make a proper diagnosis and management of sudden vertebral artery hemorrhage in patients with TS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mo Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Reum
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sohwa Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Duk Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Turner syndrome; Vascular malformations; Vertebral artery dissection
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