title: Phytochemical Screening and Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Java Tea Leaf Extracts.
abstract: The term Java tea refers to the decoction of Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) Benth (Lamiaceae) leaves, which are widely consumed by the people in Europe and South East Asian countries. The OS leaves are known for their use in traditional medicinal systems as a prophylactic and curative agent for urinary stone, diabetes, and hypertension and also as a diuretic agent. The present study was aimed at evaluating its possible toxicity. Herein, the major phytochemical constituents of microwave dried OS leaf, which is the common drying process for tea sachets in the market, were also identified. The acute oral toxicity test of aqueous, 50% aqueous ethanolic, and ethanolic extracts of OS was performed at a dose of 5000 mg/Kg body weight of Sprague-Dawley rats. During the 14-day study, the animals were observed for any mortality, behavioral, motor-neuronal abnormalities, body weight, and feed-water consumption pattern. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters to assess the kidney and liver functions were carried out, along with the histological analysis of these organs. It was found that all microwave dried OS leaf extracts did not cause any toxic effects or mortality at the administered dose. No abnormality was noticed in all selected parameters in rats of both sexes as compared with their respective control groups. Thus, the possible oral lethal dose for microwave dried Java tea leaves is more than 5000 mg/Kg body weight.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Raghunath
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4321-5362
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pariyani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Intan Safinar
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amalina Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Faridah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khozirah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shaari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Roslan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D031342:Orthosiphon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D010936:Plant Extracts
references.citation: J Appl Toxicol. 1986 Jun;6(3):145-8
references.pmid: 3722708
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:156765
references.pmid: 21234328
references.citation: Toxicol Pathol. 2007 Aug;35(5):751-5
references.pmid: 17849358
references.citation: Food Chem. 2011 Aug 1;127(3):1287-93
references.pmid: 25214128
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jul 6;124(1):154-8
references.pmid: 19375494
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Aug 13;118(3):354-60
references.pmid: 18602231
references.citation: J Nat Prod. 2012 Mar 23;75(3):311-35
references.pmid: 22316239
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Dec 18;144(3):761-7
references.pmid: 23123267
references.citation: Phytomedicine. 2009 Mar;16(2-3):222-6
references.pmid: 17498941
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:103039
references.pmid: 21647311
references.citation: J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2013 Feb;6(1):31-40
references.pmid: 23433053
references.citation: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2003 Sep 15;33(1):117-23
references.pmid: 12946538
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Jan 27;133(2):358-63
references.pmid: 20937371
references.citation: Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:351602
references.pmid: 24490155
references.citation: Pharm Biol. 2012 Nov;50(11):1408-15
references.pmid: 22849547