title: Continuous cell lines from the Muscovy duck as potential replacement for primary cells in the production of avian vaccines.
abstract: Veterinary vaccines contribute to food security, interrupt zoonotic transmissions, and help to maintain overall health in livestock. Although vaccines are usually cost-effective, their adoption depends on a multitude of factors. Because poultry vaccines are usually given to birds with a short life span, very low production cost per dose is one important challenge. Other hurdles are to ensure a consistent and reliable supply of very large number of doses, and to have flexible production processes to accommodate a range of different pathogens and dosage requirements. Most poultry vaccines are currently being produced on primary avian cells derived from chicken or waterfowl embryos. This production system is associated with high costs, logistic complexities, rigid intervals between harvest and production, and supply limitations. We investigated whether the continuous cell lines Cairina retina and CR.pIX may provide a substrate independent of primary cell cultures or embryonated eggs. Viruses examined for replication in these cell lines are strains associated with, or contained in vaccines against egg drop syndrome, Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, avian influenza, infectious bursal disease and Derzsy's disease. Each of the tested viruses required the development of unique conditions for replication that are described here and can be used to generate material for in vivo efficacy studies and to accelerate transfer of the processes to larger production volumes.
authors.affiliation: a ProBioGen AG , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: a ProBioGen AG , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: a ProBioGen AG , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höwing
authors.affiliation: a ProBioGen AG , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lohr
authors.affiliation: b Ceva-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co. Ltd. , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Penzes
authors.affiliation: b Ceva-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co. Ltd. , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gubucz-Sombor
authors.affiliation: c Ningbo Tech-Bank Co Ltd , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: c Ningbo Tech-Bank Co Ltd , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: d Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Greifswald-Insel Riems , Germany.
authors.forename: Timm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.affiliation: e Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zádori
authors.affiliation: a ProBioGen AG , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sandig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046090:Anseriformes; D002460:Cell Line; D004372:Ducks; D005260:Female; D010063:Ovum; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012160:Retina; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: CR.pIX cell line; Vaccine production; muscovy duck; one health; suspension cell line