title: A System for True and False Memory Prediction Based on 2D and 3D Educational Contents and EEG Brain Signals.
abstract: We studied the impact of 2D and 3D educational contents on learning and memory recall using electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals. For this purpose, we adopted a classification approach that predicts true and false memories in case of both short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM) and helps to decide whether there is a difference between the impact of 2D and 3D educational contents. In this approach, EEG brain signals are converted into topomaps and then discriminative features are extracted from them and finally support vector machine (SVM) which is employed to predict brain states. For data collection, half of sixty-eight healthy individuals watched the learning material in 2D format whereas the rest watched the same material in 3D format. After learning task, memory recall tasks were performed after 30 minutes (STM) and two months (LTM), and EEG signals were recorded. In case of STM, 97.5% prediction accuracy was achieved for 3D and 96.6% for 2D and, in case of LTM, it was 100% for both 2D and 3D. The statistical analysis of the results suggested that for learning and memory recall both 2D and 3D materials do not have much difference in case of STM and LTM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1634-1128
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bamatraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5847-8539
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hatim
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8000-5105
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aboalsamh
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Emad-Ul-Haq
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9727-382X
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amir Saeed
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1085-3157
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hafeez Ullah
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8484-7203
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8663-3017
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mathkour
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9781-3969
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: TeleNoc, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hafiz Muhammad
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1247-6527
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Imran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012094:Repression, Psychology; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D055815:Young Adult
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