title: Relationship between vitamin D status and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. It was hypothesized that lower 25(OH)D would be associated with increased microvascular complications in T2DM. A total of 257 T2DM patients (111 men, 146 women) who underwent diabetic microvascular complication (peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) studies were recruited. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to vitamin D status: vitamin D sufficient (n = 41, 25[OH]D ≥ 20 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficient (n = 132, 10 ≤ 25[OH]D < 20 ng/mL), and vitamin D deficient (n = 84, 25[OH]D < 10 ng/mL). In men, the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was significantly higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency than in those with insufficiency or sufficiency (38%, 11.7%, and 10%, respectively; P = .005). In addition, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was significantly higher in women with vitamin D deficiency than in the other 2 groups (40%, 20.6%, and 0%; P = .007). Compared with men in the vitamin D-sufficient group (reference), men in the vitamin D-deficient group had an increased risk of DPN after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio, 7.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-40.05). For women, when the vitamin D-sufficient group was used as a reference, those in the vitamin D-deficient group had an increased risk of DN after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio, 4.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-11.56). This present study found that a serum 25(OH)D level less than 10 ng/mL is independently associated with increased DPN in male patients and increased DN in female patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Yeon
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hanna@schmc.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ji-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Mok
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol
keywords: Microvascular complication; Nephropathy; Peripheral neuropathy; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vitamin D