title: Recent advances in photodynamic diagnosis of gastric cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid.
abstract: Photodynamic diagnosis based on 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX has been clinically applied in many fields based upon its evidenced efficacy and adequate safety. In order to establish a personalized medicine approach for treating gastric cancer patients, rapid intraoperative detection of malignant lesions has become important. Feasibility of photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid for gastric cancer patients has been investigated, especially for the detection of peritoneal dissemination and lymph node metastasis. This method enables intraoperative real-time fluorescence detection of peritoneal dissemination, exhibiting higher sensitivity than white light observation without histopathological examination. The method also enables detection of metastatic foci within excised lymph nodes, exhibiting a diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of a current molecular diagnostics technique. Although several complicating issues still need to be resolved, such as the effect of tissue autofluorescence and the insufficient depth penetration of excitation light, this simple and rapid method has the potential to become a useful diagnostic tool for gastric cancer, as well as urinary bladder cancer and glioma.
authors.affiliation: Noriaki Koizumi, Yoshinori Harada, Takeo Minamikawa, Hideo Tanaka, Tetsuro Takamatsu, Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.affiliation: Noriaki Koizumi, Yoshinori Harada, Takeo Minamikawa, Hideo Tanaka, Tetsuro Takamatsu, Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Noriaki Koizumi, Yoshinori Harada, Takeo Minamikawa, Hideo Tanaka, Tetsuro Takamatsu, Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamikawa
authors.affiliation: Noriaki Koizumi, Yoshinori Harada, Takeo Minamikawa, Hideo Tanaka, Tetsuro Takamatsu, Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Noriaki Koizumi, Yoshinori Harada, Takeo Minamikawa, Hideo Tanaka, Tetsuro Takamatsu, Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.
authors.forename: Eigo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otsuji
authors.affiliation: Noriaki Koizumi, Yoshinori Harada, Takeo Minamikawa, Hideo Tanaka, Tetsuro Takamatsu, Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C028025:protoporphyrin IX
keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; Gastric cancer; Lymph node metastasis; Peritoneal dissemination; Personalized medicine; Photodynamic diagnosis; Protoporphyrin IX
references.citation: Gastric Cancer. 2014 Apr;17(2):316-23
references.pmid: 23933782
references.citation: Blood Rev. 1996 Mar;10(1):53-8
references.pmid: 8861279
references.citation: Gastric Cancer. 2005;8(2):103-10
references.pmid: 15864717
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2013 Oct 10;31(29):3704-10
references.pmid: 24019550
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1998;77(2):235-42
references.pmid: 9460994
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep 7;20(33):11586-94
references.pmid: 25206266
references.citation: Pathobiology. 2009;76(6):303-14
references.pmid: 19955842
references.citation: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012 Sep;9(3):204-14
references.pmid: 22959800
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2012 Dec;32(12):5421-7
references.pmid: 23225446
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep 28;20(36):12892-9
references.pmid: 25278686
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Nov 15;125(10):2256-63
references.pmid: 19569177
references.citation: J Surg Res. 2015 May 1;195(1):175-87
references.pmid: 25682189
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Feb;37(2):272-6
references.pmid: 15474973
references.citation: Alcohol Alcohol. 2000 Mar-Apr;35(2):109-25
references.pmid: 10787385
references.citation: J Surg Oncol. 2012 Sep 1;106(3):294-8
references.pmid: 22389064
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Aug 15;13(16):4807-16
references.pmid: 17699859
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Oct 5;443(7111):586-9
references.pmid: 17006453
references.citation: Oncology. 2014;87(5):257-65
references.pmid: 25139224
references.citation: Chirurgia (Bucur). 2014 Nov-Dec;109(6):722-30
references.pmid: 25560493
references.citation: Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(2):3434-40
references.pmid: 25690028
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2014 May 21;20(19):5685-93
references.pmid: 24914329
references.citation: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015 Mar;12(1):45-51
references.pmid: 25573285
references.citation: Gastric Cancer. 2014 Apr;17(2):273-80
references.pmid: 23743877
references.citation: Photochem Photobiol. 2002 Nov;76(5):518-25
references.pmid: 12462647
references.citation: Can J Gastroenterol. 1999 Jun;13(5):389-92
references.pmid: 10377468
references.citation: Oncol Lett. 2010 Jul;1(4):743-747
references.pmid: 22966373
references.citation: Dig Surg. 2013;30(2):104-11
references.pmid: 23867586
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2014 Jul;45(1):41-6
references.pmid: 24821500
references.citation: Oncology. 2013;85(4):241-7
references.pmid: 24107642
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1992 Jun;65(6):818-24
references.pmid: 1616853
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50082
references.pmid: 23189181
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Dec;20(13):4379-88
references.pmid: 22688660
references.citation: Eur J Pharm Sci. 1999 Jan;7(2):87-91
references.pmid: 9845784
references.citation: World J Surg. 1997 Sep;21(7):777-82
references.pmid: 9276711
references.citation: Cancer. 2012 Jul 15;118(14):3477-83
references.pmid: 22252672
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2014 Feb 15;134(4):905-12
references.pmid: 23913465
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Oct;20(11):3541-8
references.pmid: 23846777
references.citation: Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(11):23140-52
references.pmid: 24284403
references.citation: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2013 Dec;10(4):607-14
references.pmid: 24284118
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 Dec;21(13):4256-62
references.pmid: 25056850
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 Aug;18(8):2289-96
references.pmid: 21301968
references.citation: J Photochem Photobiol B. 2002 Jul;67(3):187-93
references.pmid: 12167318
references.citation: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Aug;28(8):1343-7
references.pmid: 23663136
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2011 Aug;25(8):2666-77
references.pmid: 21424201
references.citation: Gastric Cancer. 2015 Apr;18(2):210-7
references.pmid: 25433568
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2000 Dec;93(6):1003-13
references.pmid: 11117842
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1996 Feb 27;35(8):2699-704
references.pmid: 8611576
references.citation: World J Surg Oncol. 2014;12:350
references.pmid: 25407392
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Feb 16;353(3):541-6
references.pmid: 17196160
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1909-26
references.pmid: 11215517
references.citation: J Photochem Photobiol B. 1993 Sep;20(1):47-54
references.pmid: 8229468
references.citation: Cancer. 2015 Jan 15;121(2):169-78
references.pmid: 25132313