title: Emergence of micronuclei as a genomic biomarker.
abstract: The presence of micronuclei (MN) in mammalian cells is related to several mutagenetic stresses. MN are formed as a result of chromosome damage and can be readily identified in exfoliated epithelial cells. MN is chromatin particles derived from acentric chromosomal fragments, which are not incorporated into the daughter nucleus after mitosis. It can be visualized by chromatin stains. A variety of factors influences the formation of MN in cells such as age, sex, genetic constitution, physical and chemical agents, adverse habits such as tobacco, areca nut chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Micronucleation has important implications in the genomic plasticity of tumor cells. The present paper reviews the origin, fate and scoring criteria of MN that serves as a biomarker of exposure to genetic toxins, and for the risk of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sabharwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Darshan Dental College & Hospital, Udaipur, India.
authors.forename: Mohammed Asif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Tamanna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubneshwar, India.
authors.forename: Santosh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Subudhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, IDS, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Saumyakanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shivangi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
keywords: Aneugens; clastogens; micronuclei
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