title: Physical activity, psychiatric distress, and interest in exercise group participation among individuals seeking methadone maintenance treatment with and without chronic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity may improve chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, which are prevalent among patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), but relatively little is known about the physical activity levels or interest in exercise of patients in MMT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a brief self-report instrument to assess physical activity levels, chronic pain, psychiatric distress, and interest in exercise group participation among 303 adults seeking MMT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most (73%) reported no moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity in the past week; 27% met recommended physical activity levels, and 24% reported interest in exercise group participation. Participants with (compared to those without) chronic pain had higher levels of psychiatric distress and were less likely to meet recommended levels of physical activity (p < .05), but did not differ significantly in their interest in participating in an exercise group. Participants who met recommended levels of physical activity in the past week were more likely to be men and had lower levels of depression than others (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low levels of physical activity and low interest in exercise group participation among patients entering MMT point to the need for and likely challenges of implementing exercise interventions in MMT.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beitel
authors.affiliation: Teachers College Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stults-Kolehmainen
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cutter
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schottenfeld
authors.affiliation: APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eggert
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kerns
authors.affiliation: APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liong
authors.affiliation: APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ginn
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Declan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone