title: Combination strategy of multi-layered surface camouflage using hyperbranched polyethylene glycol and immunosuppressive drugs for the prevention of immune reactions against transplanted porcine islets.
abstract: This study suggests a novel method of stabilizing fragile porcine islets to prevent the dissociation after isolation and reducing immune cell invasion in a combination therapy of 'surface camouflaging' and immunosuppressive drugs (FK506, Rapamycin, MR-1, anti-CD19 mAb, and Clodrosome(®)) to effectively alleviate overall immune reactions against xenotransplanted porcine islets. The surface camouflage of pancreatic islets using biocompatible materials improved stabilization of pancreatic islet and prevented the infiltration of immune cells. Firstly, the surface of porcine islets was camouflaged by SH-6-arm-PEG-lipid and gelatin-catechol (artificial extracellular matrix) in order to stabilize the fragile isolated islets. Secondly, three different PEG layers (6-arm-PEG-SH, 6-arm-PEG-catechol, and linear PEG-SH) were chemically conjugated onto the surface of the stabilized porcine islets. Both artificial extracellular matrix (artificial ECM) and PEGylation effectively covered the surface of porcine islets without increasing the size of the whole islet. In addition, the viability and functionality of the islets were not affected by this multi-layer surface modification. The multi-layer modification significantly reduced the attachment of human serum albumin, fibronectin, and immunoglobulin G in comparison to the control collagen surface. The combination effect of multi-layer PEGylation and cocktailed immunosuppressive drugs on the survival time of the transplanted islets was assessed in a xenogeneic porcine-to-mouse model. The median survival time (MST) of 'artificial ECM + PEGylation' group was 4-fold increased compared to that of control group. In addition, the MST of 'artificial ECM + PEGylation + drug' group was 2.16-fold increased, compared to the 'control + drug' group. In conclusion, we proposed a novel porcine islet transplantation protocol using surface multi-layer modification and cocktailed immunosuppressive drugs, for stabilization and immunoprotection against xenogeneic immune reactions.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Muhammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jeeheon@yu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jee-Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yrbyun@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Youngro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Byun
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014022:Tissue Survival / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Multi-layer modification; Polyethylene glycol; Porcine islets; Xenotransplantation