title: Effects of Glycated Whey Protein Concentrate on Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Phagocytic Activity in RAW264.7 Macrophages.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the stimulatory effects of Maillard reaction, a non-enzymatic browning reaction on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytic activity induced by whey protein concentrate (WPC). Glycated WPC (G-WPC) was prepared by a reaction between WPC and the lactose it contained. The fluorescence intensity of G-WPC dramatically increased after one day, and high molecular weight complexes formed via the Maillard reaction were also observed in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles. G-WPC demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, including stimulation of increased nitric oxide production and cytokine expressions (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6), compared to WPC. Furthermore, the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased upon treatment with G-WPC, compared to WPC. Therefore, we suggest that G-WPC can be utilized as an improved dietary source for providing immune modulating activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University.
authors.forename: Su-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Hyun Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Keon Bong
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sae Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide