title: Thermosensitive gemcitabine-magnetoliposomes for combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy.
abstract: The combination of magnetic hyperthermia therapy with the controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents in tumors may be an efficient therapeutic with few side effects because the bioavailability, tolerance and amount of the drug can be optimized. Here, we prepared magnetoliposomes consisting of magnetite nanoparticle cores and the anticancer drug gemcitabine encapsulated by a phospholipid bilayer. The potential of these magnetoliposomes for controlled drug release and cancer treatment via hyperthermic behavior was investigated. The magnetic nanoparticle encapsulation efficiency was dependent on the initial amount of magnetite nanoparticles present at the encapsulation stage; the best formulation was 66%. We chose this formulation to characterize the physicochemical properties of the magnetoliposomes and to encapsulate gemcitabine. The mean particle size and distribution were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the zeta potential was measured. The magnetoliposome formulations all had acceptable characteristics for systemic administration, with a mean size of approximately 150 nm and a polydispersity index <0.2. The magnetoliposomes were stable in aqueous suspension for at least one week, as determined by DLS. Temperature increases due to the dissipation energy of magnetoliposome suspensions subjected to an applied alternating magnetic field (AMF) were measured at different magnetic field intensities, and the values were appropriated for cancer treatments. The drug release profile at 37 °C showed that 17% of the gemcitabine was released after 72 h. Drug release from magnetoliposomes exposed to an AMF for 5 min reached 70%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material 5Engineering, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Thaís Maria da Mata
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Alfredo Miranda
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goes
authors.forename: José D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Luis Carlos D
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.forename: Luis Eugenio Fernandez
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Outon
authors.forename: Rosana Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Domingues
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D008027:Light; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008081:Liposomes; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D000093542:Gemcitabine