title: Increased levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in Thai girls with precocious puberty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports on the secular trend of pubertal onset indicate a recent earlier start especially in girls. Bisphenol A (BPA), which posses estrogenic activity, might be a cause of advanced puberty. The objective of the study was to determine the association between BPA and advanced puberty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with advanced puberty (n=41) compared to age-matched controls (n=47). Anthropometric measurements, estradiol, basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, uterine sizes, ovarian diameters and bone ages were obtained. Urinary BPA concentrations were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MSMS) with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.05 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median adjust-BPA concentration in advanced puberty group was higher than in control groups [1.44 vs. 0.59 μg/g creatinine (Cr): p<0.05]. We also found that the median adjust-BPA concentration in girls with advanced puberty who were overweight/obese, was greater than in the normal pubertal overweight/obese girls (1.74 vs. 0.59 μg/g Cr: p<0.05), and was in the same trend among normal weight girls with advanced and normal puberty (0.83 vs. 0.49 μg/g Cr: p=0.09), but not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that BPA exposure appears to be related to an earlier age at onset of puberty especially in obese girls.
authors.forename: Vichit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Supornsilchai
authors.forename: Chutima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jantarat
authors.forename: Wichit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nosoognoen
authors.forename: Sopon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pornkunwilai
authors.forename: Suttipong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wacharasindhu
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soder
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D019456:Health Transition; D006801:Humans; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds