title: Assessing the Validity of Friedewald's Formula and Anandraja's Formula For Serum LDL-Cholesterol Calculation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An important aspect of the assessment of cardiovascular risk for a dyslipidemic subject is the estimation of serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C). There are many homogenous assays currently available for the estimation of serum LDL-C. Most clinical laboratories determine LDL-C (mg/dL) by Friedewald's formula (FF), LDL-C = (TC) - (HDL-C) - (TG/5). Recently Anandaraja and colleagues have derived a new formula for calculating LDL-C, AR-LDL-C = 0.9 TC- (0.9 TG/5)-28.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was: a) to determine if, and to what extent, LDL-C level was underestimated/overestimated when it was calculated using the formulae compared with direct measurement of LDL-C, and b) to determine which of the calculated formulae show maximum correlation with direct LDL cholesterol method at different TG levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Record analysis was done from the 370 (TG <400mg/dl) lipid profile reports of patients above 18 years. LDL-C estimation was done by homogenous assay and also calculated using the Friedewald's Formula and Anandaraja's Formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean LDL-C levels were 105.17± 43.4, 102.98 ±42.5, and 98.20 ±43.7 mg/dl for D-LDL-C, F-LDL-C and AR-LDL-C, respectively. A good correlation was found between the calculated LDL-C methods and Direct Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol method (D-LDL-C) assay, that is, F-LDL-C versus D-LDL-C (r = 0.937) and AR-LDL-C versus D-LDL-C (r= 0.918). Bland-Altman plot for FF-LDL-C & AR-LDL-C showed minimal negative bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FF-LDL-C correlated maximally with D-LDL-C estimation at all levels of triglycerides except at TG < 100mg/dl. At TG < 100mg/dl, Anandaraja's Formula works better. FF-LDL-C can be used in place of D-LDL-C when the direct method cannot be afforded.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Biochemistry, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishnaveni
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Vanitha Mn
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Gowda
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Cholesterol calculation; Direct assay; Dyslipidemia; Homogenous assay; Low density lipoprotein; Method comparison
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