title: Association of TNF-α genetic polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies on the association of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) risk have reported conflicting results. The present meta-analysis was conducted to provide a more precise estimation of these relationships and to investigate the real association between TNF-α polymorphisms and RPL.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive eligible literature search for relevant studies was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library from their inceptions to May 12, 2015. Specific inclusion criteria were used to evaluate articles. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. Statistical analyses were performed by the STATA12.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10 case-control studies including 1430 RPL patients and 1727 healthy controls were identified. Meta-analysis indicated that TNF-α-308G/A (rs1800629) polymorphism in the TNF-α gene correlated with elevated RPL risk whereas no significant association was observed between TNF-α-238G/A (rs361625) and RPL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current meta-analysis demonstrates that TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism in the TNF-α gene is associated with susceptibility to RPL.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China.|Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China.|National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China.|Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China.|Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China.|Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Yue
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China. zhangxinyunlife@163.com.|Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China. zhangxinyunlife@163.com.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China. chenzijiang@hotmail.com.|Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China. chenzijiang@hotmail.com.|Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China. chenzijiang@hotmail.com.|National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China. chenzijiang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zi-Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
references.citation: Hum Reprod Update. 2001 Mar-Apr;7(2):113-34
references.pmid: 11284658
references.citation: J Reprod Immunol. 2010 May;85(1):25-32
references.pmid: 20185181
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2000 Mar;15(3):713-8
references.pmid: 10686225
references.citation: Med Sci Monit. 2002 Aug;8(8):CR607-10
references.pmid: 12165750
references.citation: Saudi Med J. 2013 May;34(5):484-9
references.pmid: 23677264
references.citation: Reprod Sci. 2010 Jul;17(7):659-66
references.pmid: 20388617
references.citation: J Reprod Fertil. 1990 Jul;89(2):447-58
references.pmid: 2119428
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2000 Dec;68(6):903-8
references.pmid: 11129659
references.citation: Cytokine. 2012 Nov;60(2):456-62
references.pmid: 22727980
references.citation: PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0123696
references.pmid: 25894555
references.citation: Chem Immunol Allergy. 2005;88:64-79
references.pmid: 16129937
references.citation: Reprod Sci. 2013 Apr;20(4):408-13
references.pmid: 23202728
references.citation: Semin Reprod Med. 2008 Sep;26(5):391-400
references.pmid: 18825607
references.citation: Hum Reprod Update. 2002 Sep-Oct;8(5):463-81
references.pmid: 12398226
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Jun;56(6):2056-64
references.pmid: 17530646
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 2001 Dec;126(3):529-34
references.pmid: 11737072
references.citation: Placenta. 2000 Jul-Aug;21(5-6):525-35
references.pmid: 10940203
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e81823
references.pmid: 24363797
references.citation: J Reprod Immunol. 2005 Apr;65(2):171-8
references.pmid: 15811521
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Jun;184(7):1392-7; discussion 1397-8
references.pmid: 11408858
references.citation: Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997 Mar;37(3):262-6
references.pmid: 9127649
references.citation: Am J Reprod Immunol. 2001 Jan;45(1):35-40
references.pmid: 11211945
references.citation: Immunology. 2005 May;115(1):1-20
references.pmid: 15819693
references.citation: Lancet. 2006 Aug 12;368(9535):601-11
references.pmid: 16905025
references.citation: J Reprod Immunol. 2010 Mar;84(2):186-92
references.pmid: 20106534
references.citation: Int J Immunogenet. 2013 Jun;40(3):186-91
references.pmid: 22938381
references.citation: J Reprod Immunol. 2001 Jul;51(1):21-7
references.pmid: 11438378
references.citation: Front Genet. 2012 Mar 19;3:34
references.pmid: 22457663
references.citation: J Reprod Immunol. 2004 Feb;61(1):51-58
references.pmid: 15027477
references.citation: Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2013 Dec;6(12):990-4
references.pmid: 24144034
references.citation: Hum Immunol. 2012 May;73(5):574-9
references.pmid: 22369788
references.citation: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Apr;175:8-14
references.pmid: 24439532
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 2000 Jun;73(6):1206-8
references.pmid: 10856484
references.citation: Semin Reprod Med. 2006 Feb;24(1):17-24
references.pmid: 16418974
references.citation: Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2010;8:114
references.pmid: 20920206
references.citation: Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;24(4):229-34
references.pmid: 22729089
references.citation: J Reprod Immunol. 2003 Feb;58(1):69-77
references.pmid: 12609526
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2003 Nov;18(11):2465-72
references.pmid: 14585903
references.citation: J Hum Reprod Sci. 2011 May;4(2):91-4
references.pmid: 22064760
references.citation: Am J Reprod Immunol. 2004 Jul;52(1):36-41
references.pmid: 15214940
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 Oct 28;363(18):1740-7
references.pmid: 20979474
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2012 Feb;27(2):349-57
references.pmid: 22131390
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 2009 May;91(5):1903-8
references.pmid: 18394614
references.citation: Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Mar;50(1):132-45
references.pmid: 17304030
references.citation: Reproduction. 2008 Mar;135(3):397-403
references.pmid: 18299433
references.citation: Hum Reprod Update. 2011 Nov-Dec;17(6):803-12
references.pmid: 21642294