title: Identifying Fundamental Limitations in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.
abstract: The temperature dependence of the principal photovoltaic parameters of perovskite photovoltaics is studied. The recombination activation energy is in good agreement with the perovskite's bandgap energy, thereby placing an upper bound on the open-circuit voltage. The photocurrent increases moderately with temperature and remains high at low temperature, reinforcing that the cells are not hindered by insufficient thermally activated mobility or carrier trapping by deep defects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wei Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zi-En
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
authors.forename: Dharani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sabba
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Chenyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Shaik M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zakeeruddin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graetzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.|School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nripan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mathews
keywords: carrier recombination; perovskites; solar cells