title: A green ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent for the HPLC-UV determination of ferulic, caffeic and cinnamic acid from olive, almond, sesame and cinnamon oil.
abstract: A simple, inexpensive and sensitive ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method based on deep eutectic solvent (UALLME-DES) was used for the extraction of three phenolic acids (ferulic, caffeic and cinnamic) from vegetable oils. In a typical experiment, deep eutectic solvent as green extraction solvent was added to n-hexane (as a typical oil medium) containing target analytes. Subsequently, the extraction was accelerated by sonication. After the extraction, phase separation (DES rich phase/n-hexane phase) was performed by centrifugation. DES rich phase (lower phase) was withdrawn by a micro-syringe and submitted to isocratic reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection. Under optimum conditions obtained by response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function (DF), the method has good linear calibration ranges (between 1.30 and 1000 µg L(-1)), coefficients of determination (r(2)>0.9949) and low limits of detection (between 0.39 and 0.63 µg L(-1)). This procedure was successfully applied to the determination of target analytes in olive, almond, sesame and cinnamon oil samples. The relative mean recoveries ranged from 94.7% to 104.6%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahere
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khezeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran. Electronic address: daneshfara@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneshfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahraei
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis*; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D000068181:Prunus dulcis / Q000737:chemistry; D031685:Sesamum / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002934:Cinnamates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; C029010:cinnamic acid; C004999:ferulic acid; C040048:caffeic acid
keywords: Deep eutectic solvent; HPLC; Response surface methodology; Ultrasonic-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction; Vegetable oils