title: ABA receptor PYL9 promotes drought resistance and leaf senescence.
abstract: Drought stress is an important environmental factor limiting plant productivity. In this study, we screened drought-resistant transgenic plants from 65 promoter-pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYL) abscisic acid (ABA) receptor gene combinations and discovered that pRD29A::PYL9 transgenic lines showed dramatically increased drought resistance and drought-induced leaf senescence in both Arabidopsis and rice. Previous studies suggested that ABA promotes senescence by causing ethylene production. However, we found that ABA promotes leaf senescence in an ethylene-independent manner by activating sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s), which subsequently phosphorylate ABA-responsive element-binding factors (ABFs) and Related to ABA-Insensitive 3/VP1 (RAV1) transcription factors. The phosphorylated ABFs and RAV1 up-regulate the expression of senescence-associated genes, partly by up-regulating the expression of Oresara 1. The pyl9 and ABA-insensitive 1-1 single mutants, pyl8-1pyl9 double mutant, and snrk2.2/3/6 triple mutant showed reduced ABA-induced leaf senescence relative to the WT, whereas pRD29A::PYL9 transgenic plants showed enhanced ABA-induced leaf senescence. We found that leaf senescence may benefit drought resistance by helping to generate an osmotic potential gradient, which is increased in pRD29A::PYL9 transgenic plants and causes water to preferentially flow to developing tissues. Our results uncover the molecular mechanism of ABA-induced leaf senescence and suggest an important role of PYL9 and leaf senescence in promoting resistance to extreme drought stress.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
authors.forename: Zhulong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaan'xi 712100, China;
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226019, China;
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
authors.forename: Yuanlei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
authors.forename: Yingfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Sichuan 644000, China;
authors.forename: Yuehua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Shaan'xi 712100, China;
authors.forename: Zixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China;
authors.forename: Haiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
authors.forename: Ray A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; jkzhu@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Jian-Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055864:Droughts; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C540972:RCAR1 protein, Arabidopsis; D000040:Abscisic Acid
keywords: Arabidopsis; PYL; abscisic acid; dormancy; drought stress
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