title: Increased CSF neurogranin concentration is specific to Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the specificity of the dendritic protein neurogranin (Ng) in CSF from patients with a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases including a variety of dementias, tauopathies, and synucleinopathies.
  
  
  METHODS
  An optimized immunoassay was used to analyze CSF Ng in a retrospective cohort of 331 participants with different neurodegenerative diseases, including healthy controls (n = 19), biomarker-proven Alzheimer disease (AD) (n = 100), genetic AD (n = 2), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 20), speech variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 21), Lewy body dementia (n = 13), Parkinson disease (n = 31), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 46), multiple system atrophy (n = 29), as well as a heterogeneous group with non-neurodegenerative cognitive impairment (n = 50). CSF Ng concentrations and correlations of CSF Ng with total tau, phosphorylated tau, and β-amyloid 42 concentrations, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and disease duration in the different groups were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median CSF Ng concentration was higher in patients with AD compared to both controls (p < 0.001) and all other disease groups (all p < 0.001) except speech variant frontotemporal dementia. There were no significant differences in CSF Ng concentrations between any other neurodegenerative groups and controls. In addition, we found strong correlations between Ng and total tau (p < 0.001) and phosphorylated tau (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm an increase in CSF Ng concentration in patients with AD as previously reported and show that this is specific to AD and not seen in a range of other neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. h.wellington.12@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Henrietta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wellington
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ross W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portelius
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Törnqvist
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magdalinou
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nick C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.W., H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; Dementia Research Centre (H.W., R.W.P., N.M., N.C.F., J.M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; and Clinical Neurochemistry Lab (E.P., U.T., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051579:Neurogranin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051579:Neurogranin
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