title: In situ expression of M2 macrophage subpopulation in leprosy skin lesions.
abstract: The clinical manifestations of the leprosy depend on host immune response and the macrophages are the primary cells involved in this process. M1 and M2 cells exhibited distinct morphology, distinct surface marker profiles, as well as different cytokine and chemokine secretion. Macrophages express receptors such as CD163, CD68, CD206, and costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86, and cytokines that trigger a suppressive or inflammatory response. Thirty-three untreated patients were selected, 17 patients had the tuberculoid leprosy (TT) and 16 had the lepromatous leprosy (LL). We performed immunohistochemistry to detect IL-13, IL-10, TGF-β, FGF-β, CD163, CD68, arginase 1. M2 macrophages showed significant differences between the groups studied with increase in the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD68 and CD163), arginase 1 and cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β and FGF-b) in the LL form. Response of M2 macrophages emerge as an alternative for a better understanding of the innate immunity in the polar forms of leprosy, highlighting the role of cytokines, arginase 1 and costimulatory molecules in the repair and suppressive responses in the lepromatous form of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055240, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055240, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael Primo Martins
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055240, Para, Brazil; Center of Biomedical and Health Sciences, State University of Para, Belem 66055190, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tinara Leila de Souza
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Aarão
authors.affiliation: Center of Biomedical and Health Sciences, State University of Para, Belem 66055190, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonidas Braga
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055240, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisca Regina Oliveira
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Center of Biomedical and Health Sciences, State University of Para, Belem 66055190, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hellen Thais
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Fuzii
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055240, Para, Brazil; Center of Biomedical and Health Sciences, State University of Para, Belem 66055190, Para, Brazil. Electronic address: juarez@pesquisador.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Juarez Antonio Simões
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Quaresma
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D015440:Leprosy, Lepromatous / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D015441:Leprosy, Tuberculoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Clinical aspect; Immunopathology; M2 macrophage; Macrophage