title: Quantitative trait locus analysis for pod- and kernel-related traits in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop in the world. Pod- and kernel-related traits are direct factors involved in determining the yield of the peanut. However, the genetic basis underlying pod- and kernel-related traits in the peanut remained largely unknown, which hampered the improvement of peanut through marker-assisted selection. To understand the genetic basis underlying pod- and kernel-related traits in the peanut and provide more useful information for marker-assisted breeding, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for pod length and width and seed length and width by use of two F2:3 populations derived from cultivar Fuchuan Dahuasheng × ICG 6375 (FI population) and cultivar Xuhua 13 × cultivar Zhonghua 6 (XZ population) in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two genetic maps containing 347 and 228 polymorphic markers were constructed for FI and XZ populations respectively. In total, 39 QTLs explaining 1.25-26.11% of the phenotypic variations were detected in two populations. For the FI population, 26 QTLs were detected between the two environments, among which twelve were not mapped before. For the XZ population, thirteen QTLs were detected, among which eight were not reported before. One QTL for pod width was repeatedly mapped between the two populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QTL analyses for pod length and width and seed length and width were conducted in this study using two mapping populations. Novel QTLs were identified, which included two for pod length, four for pod width, five for seed length and one for seed width in the FI population, and three for pod length, three for pod width and two for seed width in the XZ population. Our results will be helpful for improving pod- and seed-related traits in peanuts through marker-assisted selection.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. wgchen2015@163.com.
authors.forename: Weigang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. jiaoyongqing@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. chengliangmei1984@126.com.
authors.forename: Liangqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. huangli5100@126.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. lboshou@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Boshou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. 15527050462@163.com.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. renxp1972@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. zhouxiaojing@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. ynchen126@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. peanutlab@oilcrops.cn.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000235:genetics*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D010641:Phenotype; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D012639:Seeds / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics
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