title: Dietary supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium protects against oxidative stress and liver damage in laying hens fed an oxidized sunflower oil-added diet.
abstract: The protective effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ.Na2) supplementation against oxidized sunflower oil-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in laying hens were examined. Three hundred and sixty 53-week-old Hy-Line Gray laying hens were randomly allocated into one of the five dietary treatments. The treatments included: (1) a diet containing 2% fresh sunflower oil; (2) a diet containing 2% thermally oxidized sunflower oil; (3) an oxidized sunflower oil diet with 100 mg/kg of added vitamin E; (4) an oxidized sunflower oil diet with 0.08 mg/kg of PQQ.Na2; and (5) an oxidized sunflower oil diet with 0.12 mg/kg of PQQ.Na2. Birds fed the oxidized sunflower oil diet showed a lower feed intake compared to birds fed the fresh oil diet or oxidized oil diet supplemented with vitamin E (P=0.009). Exposure to oxidized sunflower oil increased plasma malondialdehyde (P<0.001), hepatic reactive oxygen species (P<0.05) and carbonyl group levels (P<0.001), but decreased plasma glutathione levels (P=0.006) in laying hens. These unfavorable changes induced by the oxidized sunflower oil diet were modulated by dietary vitamin E or PQQ.Na2 supplementation to levels comparable to the fresh oil group. Dietary supplementation with PQQ.Na2 or vitamin E increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in plasma and the liver, when compared with the oxidized sunflower oil group (P<0.05). PQQ.Na2 or vitamin E diminished the oxidized sunflower oil diet induced elevation of liver weight (P=0.026), liver to BW ratio (P=0.001) and plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase (P=0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.001) and maintained these indices at the similar levels to the fresh oil diet. Furthermore, oxidized sunflower oil increased hepatic DNA tail length (P<0.05) and tail moment (P<0.05) compared with the fresh oil group. Dietary supplementation of PQQ.Na2 or vitamin E decreased the oxidized oil diet induced DNA tail length and tail moment to the basal levels in fresh oil diet. These results indicate that PQQ.Na2 is a potential antioxidant and is as effective against oxidized oil-related liver injury in laying hens as vitamin E. The protective effects of PQQ.Na2 against liver damage induced by oxidized oil may be partially due to its role in the scavenging of free radicals, inhibiting of lipid peroxidation and enhancing of antioxidant defense systems.
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: 2Shanghai Medical Life Science Research Center Co. Ltd.,Shanghai 200032,China.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010058:Oviposition; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D045542:PQQ Cofactor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D045542:PQQ Cofactor; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: laying hen; liver damage; oxidative stress; oxidized sunflower oil; pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium