title: Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics as genetic markers in the transmission of cleft lip and palate: A case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determining the relative risk of cleft lip and palate (CL[P]) on the basis of lip prints and dermatoglyphics as genetic background may be useful for genetic counseling, and the development of future preventive measures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To analyze the various pattern types of lip prints and dermatoglyphics in parents of CL(P) children and to detect if any specific type can be contemplated as a genetic marker in the transmission of CL(P). (2) To compare these patterns with that of parents of unaffected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 parents of children with CL(P) as a study group, and 31 parents of unaffected children as control group were included. Lip prints and finger prints were collected from all subjects and analysis of both patterns was carried out followed by a comparison of the patterns of unaffected parents with the controls statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the mothers of the study group, type O followed by type IIa lip patterns were found to be significantly higher in upper and lower lips, and in fathers type IIa followed by type O were significantly higher. In the control group, type IIb followed by type III were higher in both fathers and mothers. Dermatoglyphic analysis of palm and finger prints revealed no significant difference in the pattern types and total ridge counts, but the Atd angle asymmetry was found to be significant between study and control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Types IIa and O lip patterns, asymmetry of Atd angles can be considered as genetic markers for the transmission of CL(P) deformity to offsprings.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saujanya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, St Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: M Ghanashyam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sushma
authors.forename: J Raghavendra
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Y S N
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niranjani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers