title: On duty all the time: health and quality of life among immigrant parents caring for a child with complex health needs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide knowledge about how immigrant parents of children with complex health needs manage their family lives and how this affects their own health and quality of life.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Caregivers of children with complex health needs have additional risk for general health problems and mental health problems and immigrant parents may be more vulnerable to mental distress and failing health and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  This qualitative study used an exploratory design with individual and focus group interviews. Data collection and analysis followed phenomenological hermeneutic guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual and group interviews with 27 parents: 18 mothers and 9 fathers from Pakistan, Poland and Vietnam.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immigrant parents of children with complex health needs experience their own health and quality of life challenges. They described the burden of dealing with their child's needs and special care, which affects their sleep and physical and mental health. Single mothers are particularly vulnerable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents reported positive and negative effects of their caregiving experience that may affect their health and quality of life. Mothers were the primary caregivers and reported more health problems than did fathers. The lack of respite care, social networks and support impacted maternal health. Immigrant parents struggle to access resources for their child with complex health needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospital nurses, schools and community health care can play a valuable role in supporting the parents of children with complex health needs. It is important that parents are informed about their rights and receive a coordinator and interdisciplinary group to ensure that their needs are met with assistance and respite care. That maternal health was worse in this sample implies that health care professionals should pay more attention to reducing stress among these caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gravdal Kvarme
authors.affiliation: Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albertini-Früh
authors.affiliation: Oslo University College, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Idunn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brekke
authors.affiliation: Women and Children's Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children Section for Child Neurology, Oslo university Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ragnhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gardsjord
authors.affiliation: Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Liv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halvorsrud
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Research, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011044:Poland; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: caregiving; children with complex health needs; health; immigrant parent; quality of life