title: Toward a new definition of 'refugee': is the 1951 convention out of date?
abstract: Definitions, by necessity, may change or need to be changed to accommodate situations that arise. The United Nations recognized that the emergence of new refugee situations required changes in the Convention. These changes were codified in the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. The issue of what constitutes a 'refugee' has been changing over time. As new classifications of refugees develop, there needs to be changes in the definition of what is a refugee. There has been a growing consensus in the international arena to recognize those displaced by environmental causes. We need to take steps to develop an inclusive definition of refugee that includes those displaced by environmental causes.
authors.affiliation: The Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, 1 Brookdale Plaza, Brooklyn, NY, USA. lmarshmdjd@aol.com.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Marshall
keywords: Environmental disasters; Environmental refugee; Geneva Convention; United Nations
references.citation: J R Soc Med. 2005 Sep;98(9):390-5
references.pmid: 16140848