title: MGL Receptor and Immunity: When the Ligand Can Make the Difference.
abstract: C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) facilitate uptake of carbohydrate antigens for antigen presentation, modulating the immune response in infection, homeostasis, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the role of the macrophage galactose type C-type lectin (MGL) in the immune response against self-antigens, pathogens, and tumor associated antigens (TAA). MGL is a CLR exclusively expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) and activated macrophages (MØs), able to recognize terminal GalNAc residues, including the sialylated and nonsialylated Tn antigens. We discuss the effects on DC function induced throughout the engagement of MGL, highlighting the importance of the antigen structure in the modulation of immune response. Indeed modifying Tn-density, the length, and steric structure of the Tn-antigens can result in generating immunogens that can efficiently bind to MGL, strongly activate DCs, mimic the effects of a danger signal, and achieve an efficient presentation in HLA classes I and II compartments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria Grazia
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Zizzari
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5449-5430
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napoletano
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Battisti
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caponnetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pierelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nuti
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rughetti
mesh_terms: D000116:Acetylgalactosamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008024:Ligands; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D057786:Peptidomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001324:Autoantigens; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008024:Ligands; D057786:Peptidomimetics; C040286:Tn antigen; D000116:Acetylgalactosamine
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