title: Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1) Variants Associate with the Muscle Strength and Size Response to Resistance Training.
abstract: Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) polymorphisms associate with obesity, muscle strength, and cortisol sensitivity. We examined associations among four NR3C1 polymorphisms and the muscle response to resistance training (RT). European-American adults (n = 602, 23.8±0.4yr) completed a 12 week unilateral arm RT program. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) assessed isometric strength (kg) and MRI assessed biceps size (cm2) pre- and post-resistance training. Subjects were genotyped for NR3C1 -2722G>A, -1887G>A, -1017T>C, and +363A>G. Men carrying the -2722G allele gained less relative MVC (17.3±1.2vs33.5±6.1%) (p = 0.010) than AA homozygotes; men with -1887GG gained greater relative MVC than A allele carriers (19.6±1.4vs13.2±2.3%) (p = 0.016). Women carrying the -1017T allele gained greater relative size (18.7±0.5vs16.1±0.9%) (p = 0.016) than CC homozygotes. We found sex-specific NR3C1 associations with the muscle strength and size response to RT. Future studies should investigate whether these associations are partially explained by cortisol's actions in muscle tissue as they interact with sex differences in cortisol production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Garrett I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kostek
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Emory & Henry College, Emory, VA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Theodore J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Angelopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Priscilla M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niall M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Moyna
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Sport Performance Department, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Visich
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zoeller
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Devaney
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gordish-Dressman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.|Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pescatello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics*; D055070:Resistance Training; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C497713:NR3C1 protein, human; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid
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