title: Activation of Cellular Immunity in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Mice by the Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves.
abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. is used as a nutritive vegetable and spice. Its ethanol extract has been previously shown to be significantly effective in alleviating herpetic skin lesions in mice. In this study, we evaluated the alleviation by the aqueous extract (AqMOL) and assessed the mode of its anti-herpetic action in a murine cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection model. AqMOL (300 mg/kg) was administered orally to HSV-1-infected mice three times daily on days 0 to 5 after infection. AqMOL significantly limited the development of herpetic skin lesions and reduced virus titers in the brain on day 4 without toxicity. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to inactivated HSV-1 antigen was significantly stronger in infected mice administered AqMOL and AqMOL augmented interferon (IFN)-γ production by HSV-1 antigen from splenocytes of HSV-1-infected mice at 4 days post-infection. AqMOL administration was effective in elevating the ratio of CD11b(+) and CD49b(+) subpopulations of splenocytes in infected mice. As DTH is a major host defense mechanism for intradermal HSV infection, augmentation of the DTH response by AqMOL may contribute to their efficacies against HSV-1 infection. These results provided an important insights into the mechanism by which AqMOL activates cellular immunity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, 643-001, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wadhwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisahiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.affiliation: Lien Co. Ltd., Hamakawada, Ohtuka, Miyazaki, 880-0951, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Moringa oleifera; anti-HSV activity; cellular immunity; delayed-type hypersensitivity; herpes simplex virus; immunomodulatory activity