title: Relationships of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotypes with alcohol sensitivity, drinking behavior and problem drinking in Japanese older men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many East Asians have the genetic polymorphisms rs1229984 in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and rs671 in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Here we analyzed the relationships of the two genotypes with alcohol sensitivity, drinking behavior and problem drinking among older and younger men living in rural areas of Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 718 Japanese men aged 63.3 ± 10.8 (mean ± SD), categorized into the older (≥65 years, n = 357) and younger (<65 years, n = 361) groups. Facial flushing frequency, drinking behavior and positive CAGE results were compared among the genotypes using Bonferroni-corrected χ(2) test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, BMI and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of 'always' facial flushing among the ADH1B*1/*2 carriers was significantly lower than that among the ADH1B*2/*2 carriers in the older group (P < 0.01). The alcohol consumption (unit/day) in the ADH1B*1/*2 carriers tended to be higher compared with that in the ADH1B*2/*2 carriers among the older group (P = 0.050). In the younger group, no significant differences in alcohol sensitivity and drinking habits were generally found among the ADH1B genotypes. The ADH1B*1/*1 genotype tended to be positively associated with problem drinking in the older group (P = 0.080) but not in the younger group. The ALDH2 genotypes consistently and strongly affected the alcohol sensitivity, drinking behavior and problem drinking in both the younger and older group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We for the first time observed a significant difference in alcohol sensitivity between ADH1B*1/*2 and ADH1B*2/*2 in older men aged 65 and above.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Marowa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Masutaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Nursing Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Nursing Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sonomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Nursing Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyai
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Nursing Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Nursing Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Woman's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Woman's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Nursing Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan. ttakeshi@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005145:Face / Q000502:physiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
keywords: Aging; Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B; Alcohol sensitivity; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; Problem drinking behavior
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