title: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN): The Key is Systems Thinking.
abstract: Over a decade has passed since the Institute of Medicine's reports on the need to improve the American healthcare system, and yet only slight improvement in quality and safety has been reported. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative was developed to integrate quality and safety competencies into nursing education. The current challenge is for nurses to move beyond the application of QSEN competencies to individual patients and families and incorporate systems thinking in quality and safety education and healthcare delivery. This article provides a history of QSEN and proposes a framework in which systems thinking is a critical aspect in the application of the QSEN competencies. We provide examples of how using this framework expands nursing focus from individual care to care of the system and propose ways to teach and measure systems thinking. The conclusion calls for movement from personal effort and individual care to a focus on care of the system that will accelerate improvement of healthcare quality and safety.
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH, USA. mad15@case.edu
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dolansky
authors.forename: Shirley M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D061214:Patient Safety; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D017751:Safety Management; D013597:Systems Analysis; D014481:United States