title: Combination chemoprevention with grape antioxidants.
abstract: Antioxidant ingredients present in grape have been extensively investigated for their cancer chemopreventive effects. However, much of the work has been done on individual ingredients, especially focusing on resveratrol and quercetin. Phytochemically, whole grape represents a combination of numerous phytonutrients. Limited research has been done on the possible synergistic/additive/antagonistic interactions among the grape constituents. Among these phytochemical constituents of grapes, resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, epicatechin, and anthocyanins (cyanidin and malvidin) constitute more than 70% of the grape polyphenols. Therefore, these have been relatively well studied for their chemopreventive effects against a variety of cancers. While a wealth of information is available individually on cancer chemopreventive/anti-proliferative effects of resveratrol and quercetin, limited information is available regarding the other major constituents of grape. Studies have also suggested that multiple grape antioxidants, when used in combination, alone or with other agents/drugs show synergistic or additive anti-proliferative response. Based on strong rationale emanating from published studies, it seems probable that a combination of multiple grape ingredients alone or together with other agents could impart 'additive synergism' against cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Chandra K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Imtiaz A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Sabah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El-Abd
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mukhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018890:Chemoprevention; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D044949:Kaempferols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D013267:Stilbenes; C065861:malvidin; C006552:kaempferol; C017154:cyanidin; D002392:Catechin; D011794:Quercetin; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Anthocyanin; Combination chemoprevention; Epicatechin; Grape antioxidants; Resveratrol
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;280(1):127-37
references.pmid: 25062774
references.citation: Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010 Jul;49(7):449-54
references.pmid: 20528005
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2015 Oct;47(4):1303-10
references.pmid: 26315029
references.citation: Neoplasma. 2007;54(3):202-6
references.pmid: 17447850
references.citation: Xenobiotica. 2000 Sep;30(9):857-66
references.pmid: 11055264
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Jul;1290:113-21
references.pmid: 23855473
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Oct 15;166(8):924-31
references.pmid: 17690219
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Mar 25;14 :109
references.pmid: 24666969
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2012 Aug;13(8):790-801
references.pmid: 22658655
references.citation: Toxicol Res. 2010 Dec;26(4):321-7
references.pmid: 24278540
references.citation: Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(40):7155-66
references.pmid: 23909806
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(7):1058-69
references.pmid: 23061908
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2009 Sep;100(9):1655-62
references.pmid: 19496785
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2002 Apr 10;98(5):761-9
references.pmid: 11920648
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Jan 7;100(1):57-70
references.pmid: 10647931
references.citation: J Vet Intern Med. 2005 Sep-Oct;19(5):663-74
references.pmid: 16231710
references.citation: Apoptosis. 2010 Jul;15(7):850-63
references.pmid: 20386985
references.citation: Adv Enzyme Regul. 1984;22:27-55
references.pmid: 6382953
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Nov 5;95(21):1578-86
references.pmid: 14600090
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2006 Feb 28;233(2):279-88
references.pmid: 15878797
references.citation: Xenobiotica. 2000 Nov;30(11):1047-54
references.pmid: 11197066
references.citation: Cell. 2011 Mar 4;144(5):646-74
references.pmid: 21376230
references.citation: Food Chem. 2015 Sep 15;183:78-82
references.pmid: 25863613
references.citation: Eur J Nutr. 2004 Aug;43(4):221-9
references.pmid: 15309441
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Aug;133(8):2669-74
references.pmid: 12888656
references.citation: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009 Jul;2(7):625-33
references.pmid: 19584076
references.citation: Pharmazie. 2002 Aug;57(8):556-8
references.pmid: 12227197
references.citation: Food Chem. 2013 Jun 15;138(4):2099-107
references.pmid: 23497863
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2005 Mar;41(4):647-54
references.pmid: 15737570
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2014 Dec;14(12):801-14
references.pmid: 25568920
references.citation: Pharmacol Rep. 2005 May-Jun;57(3):390-4
references.pmid: 15985724
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Oct;76(4):865-72
references.pmid: 12324302
references.citation: Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):218-20
references.pmid: 8985016
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2005 Feb 10;218(2):141-51
references.pmid: 15670891
references.citation: J Control Release. 2015 Sep 10;213:128-33
references.pmid: 26160305
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(3):494-503
references.pmid: 25705818
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2015 Jan-Feb;65(1):5-29
references.pmid: 25559415
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Dec;68(6 Suppl):1394S-1399S
references.pmid: 9848506
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2010 Dec 28;299(2):119-29
references.pmid: 20846786
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(1):28-38
references.pmid: 21108125
references.citation: Nutr Res. 2008 Oct;28(10):702-13
references.pmid: 19083478
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 May;97(5):995-1003
references.pmid: 23604435
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 28;58(8):4681-92
references.pmid: 20334341
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 1999 Sep;20(9):1737-45
references.pmid: 10469619
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 2014 Nov;72(11):720-34
references.pmid: 25323953
references.citation: Eur J Nutr. 2003 Jan;42(1):43-9
references.pmid: 12594540
references.citation: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010 Jul-Aug;3(4):228-37
references.pmid: 20972369
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Aug 27;56(16):6777-84
references.pmid: 18662007
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jan 15;723:67-72
references.pmid: 24333549
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1 Suppl):243S-255S
references.pmid: 15640487
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013 Dec 03;8(12):e81586
references.pmid: 24312561
references.citation: Mol Med Rep. 2014 Oct;10(4):1921-6
references.pmid: 25070704
references.citation: Mini Rev Med Chem. 2011 Apr;11(4):298-344
references.pmid: 21428901
references.citation: Anticancer Drugs. 1999 Feb;10(2):187-93
references.pmid: 10211549
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(3):494-504
references.pmid: 23530649
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Jul;249(1-2):11-9
references.pmid: 12956393
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2010 Apr 15;70(8):3382-90
references.pmid: 20395211
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 1999 Nov-Dec;19(6B):5407-14
references.pmid: 10697569
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Aug;1348(1):150-60
references.pmid: 26099945
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 2015 Sep;36(9):1019-27
references.pmid: 26069256
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:591356
references.pmid: 21792362
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2012 Dec 1;325(1):54-62
references.pmid: 22659736
references.citation: Transl Oncol. 2008 Mar;1(1):19-27
references.pmid: 18607509
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jun;1852(6):1178-85
references.pmid: 25446990
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2011 Feb;22(2):153-63
references.pmid: 20471814