title: Surgical Management of Chronic Wounds.
abstract: In this article, we outline the important role the surgeon plays in the management of chronic wounds. Debridement and washout are required for grossly infected wounds and necrotizing soft tissue infections. Cutaneous cancers such as squamous cell carcinomas may contribute to chronic wounds and vice versa; if diagnosed, these should be treated with wide local excision. Arterial, venous, and even lymphatic flows can be restored in select cases to enhance delivery of nutrients and removal of metabolic waste and promote wound healing. In cases where vital structures, such as bones, joints, tendons, and nerves, are exposed, vascularized tissue transfers are often required. These tissue transfers can be local or remote, the latter of which necessitates anastomoses of arteries and veins. Pressure sores are managed by relieving pressure, treating acute trauma or infection, and using rotation fasciocutaneous flaps. Lastly, the surgeon must always consider the possibility of osteomyelitis and retained foreign body as etiology for chronic wounds.
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University.
authors.forename: Austin Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwan
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D003646:Debridement; D006801:Humans; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000503:physiopathology; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014680:Veins / Q000503:physiopathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: chronic wound,; debridement; flap; pressure sore; surgical management