title: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Isn't stress evaluation always required for the diagnosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the proportion of patients with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) evaluated by stress echocardiography and investigating its association with the severity of liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted. Cirrhotic patients without risk factors for cardiovascular disease were included. Data regarding etiology and severity of liver disease (Child-Pugh score and model for end-stage liver disease), presence of ascites and gastroesophageal varices, pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and corrected QT (QTc) interval were collected. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (conventional and tissue Doppler imaging) was performed. CCM was considered present when diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction was diagnosed at rest or after pharmacological stress. Therapy interfering with cardiovascular system was suspended 24 h before the examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients were analyzed, 17 (65.4%) Child-Pugh A, mean model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of 8.7. The global proportion of patients with CCM was 61.5%. At rest, only 2 (7.7%) patients had diastolic dysfunction and none of the patients had systolic dysfunction. Dobutamine stress echocardiography revealed the presence of diastolic dysfunction in more 6 (23.1%) patients and of systolic dysfunction in 10 (38.5%) patients. QTc interval prolongation was observed in 68.8% of the patients and increased pro-BNP levels in 31.2% of them. There was no association between the presence of CCM and liver impairment assessed by Child-Pugh score or MELD (P = 0.775, P = 0.532, respectively). Patients with QTc interval prolongation had a significant higher rate of gastroesophageal varices comparing with those without QTc interval prolongation (95.0% vs 50.0%, P = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCM is a frequent complication of cirrhosis that is independent of liver impairment. Stress evaluation should always be performed, otherwise it will remain an underdiagnosed condition.
authors.affiliation: Mara Barbosa, Joana Guardado, Carla Marinho, Bruno Rosa, Isabel Quelhas, António Lourenço, José Cotter, Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, 4835 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Mara Barbosa, Joana Guardado, Carla Marinho, Bruno Rosa, Isabel Quelhas, António Lourenço, José Cotter, Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, 4835 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guardado
authors.affiliation: Mara Barbosa, Joana Guardado, Carla Marinho, Bruno Rosa, Isabel Quelhas, António Lourenço, José Cotter, Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, 4835 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.affiliation: Mara Barbosa, Joana Guardado, Carla Marinho, Bruno Rosa, Isabel Quelhas, António Lourenço, José Cotter, Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, 4835 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Mara Barbosa, Joana Guardado, Carla Marinho, Bruno Rosa, Isabel Quelhas, António Lourenço, José Cotter, Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, 4835 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Quelhas
authors.affiliation: Mara Barbosa, Joana Guardado, Carla Marinho, Bruno Rosa, Isabel Quelhas, António Lourenço, José Cotter, Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, 4835 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.affiliation: Mara Barbosa, Joana Guardado, Carla Marinho, Bruno Rosa, Isabel Quelhas, António Lourenço, José Cotter, Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, 4835 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cotter
keywords: Cirrhosis; Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy; Corrected QT interval prolongation; Dobutamine stress echocardiography; Liver impairment
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