title: Prediction of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography: A Prospective EEG Study.
abstract: The issue of predicting treatment response and identifying, in advance, which patient will profit from treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) seems to be an elusive goal. This prospective study investigated brain electric activity [using Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA)] for the purpose of predicting response to treatment. Forty-one unmedicated patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD were included. A resting 32-channel EEG was obtained from each participant before and after 10 weeks of standardized treatment with sertraline and behavioral therapy. LORETA was used to localize the sources of brain electrical activity. At week 10, patients were divided into responders and non-responders (according to a reduction of symptom severity >50% on the Y-BOCS). LORETA analysis revealed that at baseline responders showed compared to non-responders a significantly lower brain electric activity within the beta 1 (t = 2.86, p < 0.05), 2 (t = 2.81, p < 0.05), and 3 (t = 2.76, p < 0.05) frequency bands and ROI analysis confirmed a reduced activity in alpha 2 (t = 2.06, p < 0.05) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). When baseline LORETA data were compared to follow-up data, the analysis showed in the responder group a significantly lower brain electrical resting activity in the beta 1 (t = 3.17. p < 0.05) and beta 3 (t = 3.11. p < 0.05) frequency bands and equally for the ROI analysis of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the alpha 2 (t = 2.15. p < 0.05) frequency band. In the group of non-responders the opposite results were found. In addition, a positive correlation between frequency alpha 2 (rho = 0.40, p = 0.010), beta 3 (rho = 0.42, p = 0.006), delta (rho = 0.33, p = 0.038), theta (rho = 0.34, p = 0.031), alpha 1 (rho = 0.38, p = 0.015), and beta1 (rho = 0.34, p = 0.028) of the OFC and the bands delta (rho = 0.33, p = 0.035), alpha 1 (rho = 0.36, p = 0.019), alpha 2 (rho = 0.34, p = 0.031), and beta 3 (rho = 0.38, p = 0.015) of the ACC with a reduction of the Y-BOCS scores was identified. Our results suggest that measuring brain activity with LORETA could be an efficient and applicable technique to prospectively identify treatment responders in OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folkerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keeser
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Agnieszka I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Chrobok
authors.affiliation: Psychosomatic Clinic Windach, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaudig
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hegerl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juckel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pogarell
keywords: EEG; LORETA; anterior cingulate cortex; obsessive–compulsive disorder; treatment prediction
references.citation: Prog Neurobiol. 2004 Feb;72(3):195-221
references.pmid: 15130710
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2005 Oct 21;387(2):72-4
references.pmid: 16061322
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996 Jan;16(1):7-22
references.pmid: 8530558
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2001 Jul 1;107(1):51-6
references.pmid: 11472864
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Apr 1;50(2):717-26
references.pmid: 20045474
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 1994 Oct;18(1):49-65
references.pmid: 7876038
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989 Nov;46(11):1006-11
references.pmid: 2684084
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;74(3):233-9
references.pmid: 23561228
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Jan 1;49(1):977-83
references.pmid: 19683062
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;49(9):690-4
references.pmid: 1514873
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Dec;66(12):1549-57
references.pmid: 16401156
references.citation: Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Feb;3(1):22-27
references.pmid: 15014625
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Mar 15;33(6):423-30
references.pmid: 8490069
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Nov;27(5):782-91
references.pmid: 12431852
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2003 Jun 30;123(2):125-34
references.pmid: 12850251
references.citation: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Feb;9(1):89-94
references.pmid: 15941492
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961 Jun;4:561-71
references.pmid: 13688369
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Jun;158(6):899-905
references.pmid: 11384897
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Jan;86(1):1-6
references.pmid: 7678386
references.citation: Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2007 Sep-Oct;57(9-10):379-94
references.pmid: 17357901
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1977;15(5):389-95
references.pmid: 612339
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2013 Sep 5;150(2):384-8
references.pmid: 23759278
references.citation: Clin EEG Neurosci. 2007 Apr;38(2):78-81
references.pmid: 17515172
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2015 Nov 1;294:72-80
references.pmid: 26241173
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 15;75(8):595-605
references.pmid: 24314349
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1999 Jun 30;90(3):169-79
references.pmid: 10466736
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Dec;47(12):1975-83
references.pmid: 24075207
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2015 Jun 17;26(9):495-500
references.pmid: 25945482
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015 Jul;40(8):1866-76
references.pmid: 25662837
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2011 Feb 28;185(3):394-401
references.pmid: 20846725
references.citation: J Psychopharmacol. 2005 Nov;19(6):567-96
references.pmid: 16272179
references.citation: JAMA Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;70(6):619-29
references.pmid: 23740050
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2016 Feb;21(2):270-6
references.pmid: 25824302
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2002 Nov 30;116(1-2):95-111
references.pmid: 12426037
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960 Feb;23:56-62
references.pmid: 14399272