title: Epidemiology of Serotype 1 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, South Africa, 2003-2013.
abstract: In South Africa, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced in April 2009 and replaced with 13-valent PCV in April 2011. We describe the epidemiology of serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae disease during the pre- and post-PCV eras (2003-2013). Using laboratory-based invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance, we calculated annual incidences, identified IPD clusters, and determined serotype 1-associated factors. Of 46,483 IPD cases, 4,544 (10%) were caused by serotype 1. Two clusters of serotype 1 infection were detected during 2003-2004 and 2008-2012, but incidence decreased after 2011. Among children <5 years of age, those who had non-serotype 1 IPD had shorter hospital stays, fewer cases of penicillin-nonsusceptible disease, and lower HIV prevalence and in-hospital death rates than did those with serotype 1 IPD; similar factors were noted for older patients. Serotype 1 IPD had distinctive clinical features in South Africa, and annual incidences fluctuated, with decreases noted after the introduction of PCV13.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Mollendorf
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tempia
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meiring
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Gouveia
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Sarona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lengana
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karstaedt
authors.forename: Halima
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.forename: Sharona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seetharam
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lekalakala
authors.forename: Shabir A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Madhi
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Klugman
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Gottberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D065288:Serogroup; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: PCV13; South Africa; Streptococcus pneumoniae; bacteremia; epidemiology; immunization; incidence; invasive; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; pneumonia; serotype 1; streptococci; surveillance; vaccination
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