title: [Non-heart-beating donors are ineligible].
abstract: The death of the donor is a mandatory prerequisite for organ transplantation (dead donor rule) worldwide. It is a medical, legal and ethical consensus to accept the concept of brain death, as first proposed in 1968 by the ad hoc committee of the Harvard Medical School, as a certain criterion of death. In isolated cases where the diagnosis of brain death was claimed to be wrong, it could be demonstrated that the diagnostic procedure for brain death had not been correctly performed. In March 2014 a joint statement by the German neuromedical societies emphasized that 1) the diagnosis of brain death is one of the safest diagnoses in medicine if performed according to accepted medical standards and criteria and 2) the concept of non-heart-beating donors (NHBD, i. e. organ donation after an arbitrarily defined duration of circulatory and cardiac arrest) practiced in some European countries must be absolutely rejected because it implicates a high risk of diagnostic error. According to the current literature it is unclear at what time cardiac and circulatory arrest is irreversible and leads to irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain including the brainstem, even though clinical signs of cessation of brain functions are always found after 10 min. Furthermore, is it often an arbitrary decision to exactly define the duration of cardiac arrest if continuous echocardiographic monitoring has not been carried out from the very beginning. Last but not least there are ethical concerns against the concept of NHBD because it might influence therapeutic efforts to resuscitate a patient with cardiac arrest. Therefore, the German Medical Council (BÄK) has repeatedly rejected the concept of NHBD for organ transplantation since 1995.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Siemensplatz 4, 29223, Celle, Deutschland. wolfgang.heide@akh-celle.de.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heide
mesh_terms: D001926:Brain Death / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular / Q000592:standards*; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards; D004608:Eligibility Determination / Q000592:standards*; D005858:Germany; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000592:standards; D009462:Neurology / Q000592:standards; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Brain death; Cardiac arrest; Dead donor rule; Determination of death; Organ transplantation
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