title: The effect of major income sources on rural household food (in)security: Evidence from Swaziland and implications for policy.
abstract: The aim of this article was to investigate the food (in)security effect of household income generated from major economic activities in rural Swaziland. From a sample of 979 households, the results of a multinomial treatment regression model indicated that gender of household head, labor endowment, education, size of arable land, and location significantly influenced the households' choice of primary economic activity. Further results suggested that off-farm-income-dependent households were less likely to be food insecure when compared with on-farm-income-dependent households. However, on-farm-income-dependent households had a better food security status than their counterparts who depended on remittances and nonfarm economic activities.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agricultural Sciences , North-West University , Mafikeng , South Africa.
authors.forename: Majola L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mabuza
authors.affiliation: b Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg , South Africa.
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ortmann
authors.affiliation: b Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg , South Africa.
authors.forename: Edilegnaw
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wale
authors.affiliation: c International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) , Harare , Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Munyaradzi J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mutenje
mesh_terms: D013541:Eswatini; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Coping strategy index; Swaziland; food (in)security; nonagricultural income