title: [Study on co-infection of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes persulcatus in Charles Hilary, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the co-infection of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes persulcatus collected in Charles Hilary, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region (Xinjiang).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ticks were collected by flagging in grassy areas in Charles Hilary, Xinjiang from June 2012 to June 2013. The 5S-23S rRNA intergenic region from Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi, 16S rRNA gene from Anaplasma, ompA gene from spotted fever group Rickettsia, com1 gene from Coxiella (C.) burneti and Nss-rRNA gene from Babesia were amplified with nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) , respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 204 Ixodes persulcatus, 104 were positive for tick-borne pathogens with the positive rate of 50.98%, and among them the positive rates of B. burgdorferi, spotted fever group Rickettsia and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were 34.31% (n=70), 28.92% (n=59), 9.31% (n=19) , respectively. And no C. burnetii and Babesia were detected. The overall co-infection rate was 19.12% (39/204), the co-infection rate was 16.18% (33/204) for B. garinii and spotted fever group Rickettsia, 4.90% (10/204) for B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 2.94% (6/204) for spotted fever group Rickettsia and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and 2.45% (5/204) for B. burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and spotted fever group Rickettsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that the natural co-infections of B. garinii, B. afzelii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and spotted fever group Rickettsia existed in Charles Hilary Ixodes persulcatus collected in Xinjiang.
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Military Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Military Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China; Email: xjglzhang@126.com.
authors.forename: Guilin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Military Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Military Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Military Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Military Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China.
authors.forename: Erchen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000709:Anaplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D015748:Borrelia burgdorferi Group / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002681:China; D060085:Coinfection; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D018884:Ixodes / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S