title: Delineating taxonomic boundaries in the largest species complex of black flies (Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region.
abstract: Perspicuous assessments of taxonomic boundaries and discovery of cryptic taxa are of paramount importance in interpreting ecological and evolutionary phenomena among black flies (Simuliidae) and combating associated vector-borne diseases. Simulium tani Takaoka & Davies is the largest and perhaps the most taxonomically challenging species complex of black flies in the Oriental Region. We use a DNA sequence-based method to delineate currently recognized chromosomal and morphological taxa in the S. tani complex on the Southeast Asian mainland and Taiwan, while elucidating their phylogenetic relationships. A molecular approach using multiple genes, coupled with morphological and chromosomal data, supported recognition of cytoform K and morphoform 'b' as valid species; indicated that S. xuandei, cytoform L, and morphoform 'a' contain possible cryptic species; and suggested that cytoform B is in the early stages of reproductive isolation whereas lineage sorting is incomplete in cytoforms A, C, and G.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Van Lun
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pairot
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramual
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zubaidah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ya'cob
authors.affiliation: Fuji Environmental Service, Mitsuwa, Kawaguchi City, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yao-Te
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Food Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Da Pham
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rosli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chee Dhang
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Anukhcha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wannaket
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sofian-Azirun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017344:Genes, Insect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008296:Malaysia; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013624:Taiwan; D013785:Thailand; D014744:Vietnam
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