title: Improved Glucose Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With a New, High-Protein, Diabetes-Specific Tube Feed During 4 Hours of Continuous Feeding.
abstract: Hyperglycemia frequently occurs in hospitalized patients receiving nutrition support. In this study, the effects of a new diabetes-specific formula (DSF) on glucose profile during 4 hours of continuous feeding and 4 hours after stopping feeding were compared with a standard formula (SF).
  
  
  
  In this randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study, ambulant, nonhospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes received the DSF or an isocaloric, fiber-containing SF via a nasogastric tube. After overnight fasting, the formula was continuously administered to the patients during 4 hours. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined during the 4-hour period and in the subsequent 4 hours during which no formula was provided.
  
  
  
  During the 4-hour feeding period, DSF compared with SF resulted in a lower mean delta glucose concentration in the 3- to 4-hour period (0.3 ± 1.0 and 2.4 ± 1.5 mmol/L; P < .001). Also, the (delta) peak concentrations, (delta) mean concentrations, and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose and insulin were significantly lower during DSF compared with SF feeding (all comparisons: P < .001). Furthermore, fewer patients experienced hyperglycemia (>10 mmol/L) on DSF compared with SF (2 vs 11, P = .003, respectively). No differences in number of patients with hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L) were observed. No significant differences in tolerance were observed.
  
  
  
  Administration of a new, high-protein DSF during 4 hours of continuous feeding resulted in lower glucose and insulin levels compared with a fiber-containing SF in ambulant, nonhospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that a DSF may contribute to lower glucose levels in these patients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lansink
authors.affiliation: 1 Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zandrie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.affiliation: 1 Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carlette H F C
authors.initials: CHFC
authors.lastname: Rouws
authors.affiliation: 3 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.|4 Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceriello
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D000073600:Diet, High-Protein; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D065569:Gastrointestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018401:Sample Size
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin
keywords: continuous tube feeding; diabetes mellitus; enteral nutrition; glucose profile; high protein diabetes-specific formula; hyperglycemia