title: Healing acceleration of acetic acid-induced colitis by marigold (Calendula officinalis) in male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology. Several therapeutic strategies such as consumption of medicinal plants have been used for its treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate healing effects of Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract in experimentally induced UC in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six rats, weighing 200 ± 20 g, were randomly divided into eight equal groups. UC induced by 3% acetic acid and oral doses of C. officinalis extract, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg, and enema (gel 10% and 20%) were given. Two groups as positive controls were given asacol (enema) and oral mesalamine. Negative control groups were given normal saline and base gel. On days 3 and 7, intestinal histopathology and weight changes, plus oxidative stress indices including malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in the body weight of rats was seen in the group given C. officinalis extract 3000 mg/kg orally, oral mesalamine, and 20% intracolonic gel form of marigold extract compared with negative control and base gel groups during the experimental period. Acute inflammation and granular atrophy after UC induction were resolved completely completely by both 20% intracolonic gel and 3000 mg/kg orally. An increase in MPO activity and a decrease in MDA level in response to oral and intracolonic gel form of C. officinalis were observed 3 and and 7 days after treatment (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that oral and enema forms of hydroalcoholic extract of C. officinalis can be offered as are potential therapeutic agents for UC induced in rats.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanideh
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamshidzadeh
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sepehrimanesh
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koohi-Hosseinabadi
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najibi
authors.forename: Mozhdeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raam
authors.forename: Sajad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daneshi
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyedeh-Leili
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Asadi-Yousefabad
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D020838:Calendula / Q000737:chemistry*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D019342:Acetic Acid
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