title: Disparities in Outcomes for African Americans and Whites Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Literature Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  African Americans in the United States undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) less often than whites, in part because of lower expectations among African Americans for successful surgery. Whether this lower expectation is justified is unknown. Our objective is to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and satisfaction after TKA between African Americans and whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of English language articles using Medline, the Cochrane register, Embase (April 21, 2015), and a hand search of unlisted disparities journals was performed. Search terms included total knee replacement, quality of life, outcomes, and satisfaction. High-quality cohort studies that examined HRQOL in African Americans and white adults 6 months or more after TKA were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 4781 studies screened by title, and 346 by abstract, 7 studies included race in their analysis. Results included 5570 TKA patients, 4077 whites (89%), and 482 (11%) blacks. Because studies used different outcome measures and were inconsistent in their adjustment for confounders, we could not perform a quantitative synthesis of results. In 5 studies, US blacks had worse pain, in 5 worse function, and in 1 less satisfaction 6 months to 2 years after TKA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US blacks may derive less benefit from TKA than whites as measured by HRQOL, pain, function, and satisfaction. Many studies assessing predictors of patient-related TKA outcomes fail to analyze race as a variable, which limited our study. More studies assessing the effect of race and socioeconomic factors on TKA outcome are needed.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, and departments of Medicine and Orthopedics at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.S.M. Goodman, MD, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.L. Parks, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Adult Reconstructive and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. McHugh, BA, Research Coordinator, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. Fields, MA, Statistical Analyst, Hospital for Special Surgery; R. Smethurst, MSLIS, Medical Librarian, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.P. Figgie, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Chief of Surgical Arthritis Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; A.R. Bass, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, Hospital for Special Surgery. GoodmanS@hss.edu.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, and departments of Medicine and Orthopedics at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.S.M. Goodman, MD, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.L. Parks, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Adult Reconstructive and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. McHugh, BA, Research Coordinator, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. Fields, MA, Statistical Analyst, Hospital for Special Surgery; R. Smethurst, MSLIS, Medical Librarian, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.P. Figgie, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Chief of Surgical Arthritis Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; A.R. Bass, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, Hospital for Special Surgery.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, and departments of Medicine and Orthopedics at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.S.M. Goodman, MD, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.L. Parks, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Adult Reconstructive and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. McHugh, BA, Research Coordinator, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. Fields, MA, Statistical Analyst, Hospital for Special Surgery; R. Smethurst, MSLIS, Medical Librarian, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.P. Figgie, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Chief of Surgical Arthritis Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; A.R. Bass, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, Hospital for Special Surgery.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, and departments of Medicine and Orthopedics at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.S.M. Goodman, MD, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.L. Parks, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Adult Reconstructive and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. McHugh, BA, Research Coordinator, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. Fields, MA, Statistical Analyst, Hospital for Special Surgery; R. Smethurst, MSLIS, Medical Librarian, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.P. Figgie, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Chief of Surgical Arthritis Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; A.R. Bass, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, Hospital for Special Surgery.
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, and departments of Medicine and Orthopedics at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.S.M. Goodman, MD, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.L. Parks, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Adult Reconstructive and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. McHugh, BA, Research Coordinator, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. Fields, MA, Statistical Analyst, Hospital for Special Surgery; R. Smethurst, MSLIS, Medical Librarian, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.P. Figgie, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Chief of Surgical Arthritis Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; A.R. Bass, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, Hospital for Special Surgery.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smethurst
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, and departments of Medicine and Orthopedics at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.S.M. Goodman, MD, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.L. Parks, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Adult Reconstructive and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. McHugh, BA, Research Coordinator, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. Fields, MA, Statistical Analyst, Hospital for Special Surgery; R. Smethurst, MSLIS, Medical Librarian, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.P. Figgie, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Chief of Surgical Arthritis Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; A.R. Bass, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, Hospital for Special Surgery.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Figgie
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, and departments of Medicine and Orthopedics at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.S.M. Goodman, MD, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.L. Parks, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Adult Reconstructive and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. McHugh, BA, Research Coordinator, Hospital for Special Surgery; K. Fields, MA, Statistical Analyst, Hospital for Special Surgery; R. Smethurst, MSLIS, Medical Librarian, Hospital for Special Surgery; M.P. Figgie, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Chief of Surgical Arthritis Service, Hospital for Special Surgery; A.R. Bass, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, Hospital for Special Surgery.
authors.forename: Anne R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bass
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
keywords: ARTHROPLASTY; HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE; KNEE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; QUALITY OF LIFE