title: Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria species in Philippine bats.
abstract: The genus Cryptosporidium, which is an obligate intracellular parasite, infects various vertebrates and causes a diarrheal disease known as cryptosporidiosis. Bats are naturally infected with zoonotic pathogens; thus, they are potential reservoirs of parasites. We investigated the species and genotype distribution as well as prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria in Philippine bats. We captured and examined 45 bats; four were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and seven were positive for Eimeria spp. We detected Cryptosporidium bat genotype II from Ptenochirus jagori. Three other Cryptosporidium sequences, detected from Rhinolophus inops, Cynopterus brachyotis, and Eonycteris spelaea, could not be classified as any known species or genotype; we therefore propose the novel genotype Cryptosporidium bat genotypes V, VI, and VII. Bat genotype V is associated with human cryptosporidiosis clade, and therefore, this genotype may be transmissible to humans. Among the Eimeria sequences, BE3 detected from Scotophilus kuhlii was classified with known bat and rodent clades; however, other sequences detected from C. brachyotis, E. spelaea, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, and R. inops could not be classified with known Eimeria species. These isolates might represent a new genotype. Our findings demonstrate that the bats of the Philippines represent a reservoir of multiple Cryptosporidium and Eimeria spp.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murakoshi
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: Frances C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Recuenco
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omatsu
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology I, Special Pathogens Laboratory, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Masangkay
authors.affiliation: Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alviola
authors.affiliation: Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eres
authors.affiliation: Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cosico
authors.affiliation: Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Une
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyuwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan. kkato@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000469:parasitology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004539:Eimeria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Bat; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidium bat genotype; Eimeria
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