title: Sustained lung inflation in late preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: To assess the need for respiratory support in late preterm infants treated with sustained lung inflation (SLI) at birth.
  
  
  
  In this controlled trial, we randomly assigned infants born at 34(+0) to 36(+6) weeks of gestation to receive SLI (25 cmH2O for 15 s) at birth, followed by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or assistance according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The primary outcome was the need for any type of respiratory support. The secondary outcomes included neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission for respiratory distress and length of stay. The risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the outcomes were calculated for the SLI group in reference to the control group.
  
  
  
  A total of 185 infants were enrolled: 93 in the SLI group and 92 in the control group. No difference was found in the need for any type of respiratory support between the infants treated with SLI and the control group (10.6 vs 8.7%, RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.51 to 2.99). The NICU admission for respiratory distress and the length of stay did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  
  Providing SLI at birth in late preterm infants does not affect their need for respiratory support.
authors.affiliation: NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.affiliation: NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colnaghi
authors.affiliation: NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Polimeni
authors.affiliation: NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.affiliation: NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fumagalli
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Consonni
authors.affiliation: NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
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