title: Capturing fast relaxing spins with SWIFT adiabatic rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation (T1ρ) mapping.
abstract: Rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation, with the characteristic time constant T1ρ, provides a means to access motion-restricted (slow) spin dynamics in MRI. As a result of their restricted motion, these spins are sometimes characterized by a short transverse relaxation time constant T2 and thus can be difficult to detect directly with conventional image acquisition techniques. Here, we introduce an approach for three-dimensional adiabatic T1ρ mapping based on a magnetization-prepared sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (MP-SWIFT) sequence, which captures signal from almost all water spin populations, including the extremely fast relaxing pool. A semi-analytical procedure for T1ρ mapping is described. Experiments on phantoms and musculoskeletal tissue specimens (tendon, articular and epiphyseal cartilages) were performed at 9.4 T for both the MP-SWIFT and fast spin echo (FSE) read outs. In the phantom with liquids having fast molecular tumbling and a single-valued T1ρ time constant, the measured T1ρ values obtained with MP-SWIFT and FSE were similar. Conversely, in normal musculoskeletal tissues, T1ρ values measured with MP-SWIFT were much shorter than the values obtained with FSE. Studies of biological tissue specimens demonstrated that T1ρ-weighted SWIFT provides higher contrast between normal and diseased tissues relative to conventional acquisitions. Adiabatic T1ρ mapping with SWIFT readout captures contributions from the otherwise undetected fast relaxing spins, allowing more informative T1ρ measurements of normal and diseased states.
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.|Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nissi
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Idiyatullin
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michaeli
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garwood
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012399:Rotation; D013113:Spin Labels; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: SWIFT; bound water; musculoskeletal; relaxometry; rotating frame relaxation; ultrashort T2
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