title: Dark septate endophytic pleosporalean genera from semiarid areas.
abstract: Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are distributed worldwide as root-colonising fungi, and frequent in environments with strong abiotic stress. DSE is not a taxon, but constitutes numerous fungal taxa belonging to several orders of Ascomycota. In this study we investigate three unidentified DSE lineages belonging to Pleosporales that were found previously in semiarid sandy grasslands. For molecular phylogenetic studies seven loci (ITS, partial 18S nrRNA, 28S nrRNA, actin, calmodulin, transcription-elongation factor 1- α and ß -tubulin genes) were amplified and sequenced. Based on morphology and the resulting molecular phylogeny these isolates were found to represent three novel genera within the Pleosporales, namely Aquilomyces, Flavomyces and Darksidea, with eight novel species. Molecular data revealed that monotypic Aquilomyces belongs to Morosphaeriaceae, monotypic Flavomyces represents an incertae sedis lineage related to Massarinaceae, and Darksidea, with six new species, is allied to the Lentitheciaceae. During this study we tested numerous conditions to induce sporulation, and managed for the first time to induce several DSE to form their sexual morphs.
authors.affiliation: Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Anatomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary;
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.affiliation: Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Anatomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary;
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Anatomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary;
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zajta
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Groenewald
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Crous
keywords: Dothideomycetes; Massarineae; endophytes; mating; phylogeny; sexual state; taxonomy
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