title: A Self-Folding Hydrogel In Vitro Model for Ductal Carcinoma.
abstract: A significant challenge in oncology is the need to develop in vitro models that accurately mimic the complex microenvironment within and around normal and diseased tissues. Here, we describe a self-folding approach to create curved hydrogel microstructures that more accurately mimic the geometry of ducts and acini within the mammary glands, as compared to existing three-dimensional block-like models or flat dishes. The microstructures are composed of photopatterned bilayers of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a hydrogel widely used in tissue engineering. The PEGDA bilayers of dissimilar molecular weights spontaneously curve when released from the underlying substrate due to differential swelling ratios. The photopatterns can be altered via AutoCAD-designed photomasks so that a variety of ductal and acinar mimetic structures can be mass-produced. In addition, by co-polymerizing methacrylated gelatin (methagel) with PEGDA, microstructures with increased cell adherence are synthesized. Biocompatibility and versatility of our approach is highlighted by culturing either SUM159 cells, which were seeded postfabrication, or MDA-MB-231 cells, which were encapsulated in hydrogels; cell viability is verified over 9 and 15 days, respectively. We believe that self-folding processes and associated tubular, curved, and folded constructs like the ones demonstrated here can facilitate the design of more accurate in vitro models for investigating ductal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Hye Rin
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kwag
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Janna V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Serbo
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Preethi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Korangath
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Saraswati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sukumar
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.|4 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Cell Biology, Pediatrics, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Romer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.|5 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gracias
mesh_terms: D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; C092876:polyethyleneglycol 400 diacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
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