title: Access to water provides economic relief through enhanced relationships in Kenya.
abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa is comprised of low- and middle-income countries subject to the residual effects of chronic poverty. Poverty contributes to health disparities and social inequities. Public health strategies and solutions seek to remedy the effects of poverty. Providing access to quality water is one priority public health project that alleviates adverse health effects, but may have additional outcomes. Previous research has not thoroughly reviewed the economic relief and relationship changes from implemented water interventions.
  
  
  
  A qualitative phenomenological approach used 52 semi-structured interviews to understand relationship experiences among primary water gatherers and their families after implemented water interventions in a community. This study took place throughout the historically semi-arid eastern region in Kitui, Kenya, where community members have been beneficiaries of various water interventions.
  
  
  
  Prior to the water intervention, relationships were strained because of economic hardships. Households experienced economic difficulties in paying for children's school fees, buying bricks for housing structures, having water for house gardens, trees for shade in the compound, crops and providing water for their animals. After receiving access to water, relationships improved, because families were able to discuss and address economic challenges. Additional financial revenue was gained and used to pay for water to make bricks to sell or use on housing structures, expand on house gardens and agricultural crops, build new businesses, purchase water for animals, and construct local water spouts near the household.
  
  
  
  Access to water improved relationships, which encouraged economic growth. This information provides a critical component in understanding the interconnected nature between access to water, poverty and family relationships. Ultimately, this research suggests an increased need for access to quality water worldwide to improve both economic situations and relationships in low- and middle-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Family Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.|School of Health and Human Services, National University, Kearny Mesa, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tara Rava
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Zolnikov
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Family Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blodgett-Salafia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057217:Economic Development; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011634:Public Health; D036301:Qualitative Research; D014881:Water Supply / Q000191:economics*
keywords: economics; relationships; water