title: One-year outcome and course of recovery after severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) 3, 6 and 12 months after trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2001 and December 2005, 13 European centres enrolled 1,172 patients with severe TBI defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score < 9. Demographic data, trauma severity, results of computed tomography (CT) scans, data on status, treatment and outcome were recorded. The five-level Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was used to classify patients as having a "favourable" (GOS scores 5 and 4) or an "unfavourable outcome" (GOS scores 3, 2 and 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the 1,172 patients, 37% died in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 8.5% died after ICU discharge. At 12 months after trauma, almost half of the outcomes (46.6%) were classified as "favourable" (33% "good recovery", 13.6% "moderate disability") and 7.9% were classified as "unfavourable" (6.1% "severe disability", 1.8% "vegetative status"). As in previous studies, long-term outcomes were influenced by age, severity of trauma, first GCS score, pupillary status and CT findings (e.g. subdural haematoma and closed basal cistern on the first CT scan). Patients with "good recovery" had a high likelihood to remain in that category (91%). Patients with "moderate disability" had a 50% chance to improve to "good recovery". Patients with "severe disability" had a 40% chance to improve and had a 4% chance of death. Patients with "vegetative status" were more likely to die (42%) than to improve (31%). Changes were more likely to occur during the first than during the second half-year after trauma.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Trauma Hospital "Lorenz Boehler", Vienna, Austria. walter.mauritz@igeh.org.|International Neurotrauma Research Organization (INRO), Moelkergasse 4/3, 1080, Vienna, Austria. walter.mauritz@igeh.org.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mauritz
authors.affiliation: International Neurotrauma Research Organization (INRO), Moelkergasse 4/3, 1080, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wilbacher
authors.affiliation: International Neurotrauma Research Organization (INRO), Moelkergasse 4/3, 1080, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leitgeb
authors.affiliation: International Neurotrauma Research Organization (INRO), Moelkergasse 4/3, 1080, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majdan
authors.affiliation: International Neurotrauma Research Organization (INRO), Moelkergasse 4/3, 1080, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janciak
authors.affiliation: International Neurotrauma Research Organization (INRO), Moelkergasse 4/3, 1080, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brazinova
authors.affiliation: International Neurotrauma Research Organization (INRO), Moelkergasse 4/3, 1080, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusnak
keywords: Brain injury; Glasgow Coma Scale; Glasgow Outcome Scale; Three-month outcome; Traumatic; Twelve-month outcome
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