title: Assessing Biological Aggression in Adrenocortical Neoplasia.
abstract: Pathologists are highly skilled at the evaluation of adrenal neoplasms. Occasional adrenocortical tumors can be diagnostically challenging and supplementary tools can assist in these cases. Histologic and molecular studies support a model that includes 2 broad classes of adrenocortical carcinoma with distinct somatic genetic alterations and clinical outcomes. Pathologists should endeavor to grade adrenocortical carcinomas to assign each case into one of these 2 classes. Mitotic grading by mitotic counting and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry represent the most practicable and informative methods currently available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Isobel C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Mouat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: giordano@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Giordano
keywords: Adrenocortical adenomas; Adrenocortical carcinomas; Adrenocortical neoplasia; Histologic grading; Molecular grading