title: Effect of O. porcinus Tick Salivary Gland Extract on the African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Domestic Pig.
abstract: African swine fever is a haemorrhagic disease in pig production that can have disastrous financial consequences for farming. No vaccines are currently available and animal slaughtering or area zoning to restrict risk-related movements are the only effective measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Ornithodoros soft ticks are known to transmit the African swine fever virus (ASFV) to pigs in farms, following the natural epidemiologic cycle of the virus. Tick saliva has been shown to modulate the host physiological and immunological responses during feeding on skin, thus affecting viral infection. To better understand the interaction between soft tick, ASFV and pig at the bite location and the possible influence of tick saliva on pig infection by ASFV, salivary gland extract (SGE) of Ornithodoros porcinus, co-inoculated or not with ASFV, was used for intradermal auricular inoculation. Our results showed that, after the virus triggered the disease, pigs inoculated with virus and SGE presented greater hyperthermia than pigs inoculated with virus alone. The density of Langerhans cells was modulated at the tick bite or inoculation site, either through recruitment by ASFV or inhibition by SGE. Additionally, SGE and virus induced macrophage recruitment each. This effect was enhanced when they were co-inoculated. Finally, the co-inoculation of SGE and virus delayed the early local spread of virus to the first lymph node on the inoculation side. This study has shown that the effect of SGE was powerful enough to be quantified in pig both on the systemic and local immune response. We believe this model should be developed with infected tick and could improve knowledge of both tick vector competence and tick saliva immunomodulation.
authors.affiliation: Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Univ Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France.|UMR CMAEE "Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes", Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Univ Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hutet
authors.affiliation: Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Univ Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paboeuf
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire National de Diagnostic Vétérinaire, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
authors.forename: Tantely
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randriamparany
authors.affiliation: UMR CMAEE "Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes", Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holzmuller
authors.affiliation: UMR CMAEE "Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes", Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lancelot
authors.affiliation: UMR CMAEE "Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes", Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: UMR CMAEE "Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes", Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vial
authors.affiliation: Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Univ Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Frédérique
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Le Potier
mesh_terms: D000357:African Swine Fever / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D000358:African Swine Fever Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D001831:Body Temperature; D005260:Female; D007109:Immunity; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000473:pathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine; D013987:Ticks / Q000737:chemistry*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014020:Tissue Extracts
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