title: Comparison of FT-NIR Spectroscopy and ELISA for Detection of Adulteration of Goat Cheeses with Cow's Milk.
abstract: This study investigated the ability of two methods to detect adulteration of goat cheeses via the addition of cow's milk, with a negligible effect on the raw materials. Cheeses were produced from a mixture of goat's and cow's milk and were then analyzed by Fourier transform near-IR (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and competitive ELISA. The cheese spectra were scanned in the spectroscope in reflectance mode on an integrating sphere at 80 scans and a resolution of 4 cm(-1). The spectra were evaluated via discriminant analysis, and a calibration was created via a partial least-squares algorithm to quantify the cow's milk admixture. A correlation coefficient of R = 0.999 was reached with a standard error of calibration of 0.0407. The results were statistically processed to a median value via a t-test. Adulteration detection by the ELISA method was performed using a commercial Milk Fraud/Bovine ELISA kit. It was found that the FT-NIR spectroscopy method is capable of detecting an admixture of cow's milk in goat cheese as small as 1%. The ELISA method did not return satisfactory results for the detection of adulteration with cow's milk.
authors.affiliation: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Food Technology, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mlcek
authors.forename: Kvetoslava
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sustova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006041:Goats; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared