title: Compensatory Actions of Ldb Adaptor Proteins During Corticospinal Motor Neuron Differentiation.
abstract: Although many genes that specify neocortical projection neuron subtypes have been identified, the downstream effectors that control differentiation of those subtypes remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the LIM domain-binding proteins Ldb1 and Ldb2 exhibit dynamic and inversely correlated expression patterns during cerebral cortical development. Ldb1-deficient brains display severe defects in proliferation and changes in regionalization, phenotypes resembling those of Lhx mutants. Ldb2-deficient brains, on the other hand, exhibit striking phenotypes affecting layer 5 pyramidal neurons: Immature neurons have an impaired capacity to segregate into mature callosal and subcerebral projection neurons. The analysis of Ldb2 single-mutant mice reveals a compensatory role of Ldb1 for Ldb2 during corticospinal motor neuron (CSMN) differentiation. Animals lacking both Ldb1 and Ldb2 uncover the requirement for Ldb2 during CSMN differentiation, manifested as incomplete CSMN differentiation, and ultimately leading to a failure of the corticospinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dino P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Whitney E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Heavner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Pushkar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, Program in Genomics of Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Yangu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, Program in Genomics of Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: McConnell
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000172:deficiency*; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C102084:Ldb1 protein, mouse; C106649:Ldb2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Ldb; brain development; corticospinal motor neurons; differentiation
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