title: [Ovarian cancer during pregnancy--presentation of three cases and current diagnostic and treatment algorithms].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant tumors are rarely diagnosed during pregnancy and their incidence ranges from 2.4% to 5.7%. Ovarian cancer is ranked fifth among all cancer types and second among all genital cancers diagnosed during pregnancy The course of the disease is asymptomatic in most cases and the initial diagnose is typically made during a routine ultrasound examination. Management of ovarian cancer during pregnancy presents a considerable challenge due to the absence of clear standards of treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We present three clinical cases of patients suffering from ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy a review of the literature, as well as possible therapeutic options.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three different clinical scenarios in patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy have been presented. In addition, we reviewed current diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for patients with ovarian cancer and co-existing pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 5% of ovarian tumors diagnosed in pregnancy are malignant. There are no treatment standards for ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Surgical treatment and the subsequent chemotherapy in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy appear to be safe for both, the mother and the child. However, the potential risks and benefits associated with the treatment have to be thoroughly analyzed on a case-by-case basis, to establish optimal diagnostic and treatment algorithms.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rechberger
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnowska
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banach
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filipczak
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nowak-Markwitz
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spaczyński
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rechberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult