title: Comparative release of growth factors from PRP, PRF, and advanced-PRF.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of platelet concentrates has gained increasing awareness in recent years for regenerative procedures in modern dentistry. The aim of the present study was to compare growth factor release over time from platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and a modernized protocol for PRF, advanced-PRF (A-PRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen blood samples were collected from six donors (3 samples each for PRP, PRF, and A-PRF). Following preparation, samples were incubated in a plate shaker and assessed for growth factor release at 15 min, 60 min, 8 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 10 days. Thereafter, growth factor release of PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, TGFB1, VEGF, EGF, and IGF was quantified using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest reported growth factor released from platelet concentrates was PDGF-AA followed by PDGF-BB, TGFB1, VEGF, and PDGF-AB. In general, following 15-60 min incubation, PRP released significantly higher growth factors when compared to PRF and A-PRF. At later time points up to 10 days, it was routinely found that A-PRF released the highest total growth factors. Furthermore, A-PRF released significantly higher total protein accumulated over a 10-day period when compared to PRP or PRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from the present study indicate that the various platelet concentrates have quite different release kinetics. The advantage of PRP is the release of significantly higher proteins at earlier time points whereas PRF displayed a continual and steady release of growth factors over a 10-day period. Furthermore, in general, it was observed that the new formulation of PRF (A-PRF) released significantly higher total quantities of growth factors when compared to traditional PRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these findings, PRP can be recommended for fast delivery of growth factors whereas A-PRF is better-suited for long-term release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Eizaburo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flückiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Oral Surgery, Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujioka-Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sculean
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland. richard.miron@zmk.unibe.ch.|Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. richard.miron@zmk.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D005337:Fibrin
keywords: Choukroun’s PRF; Growth factor release; Platelet concentrates; Platelet-rich fibrin; Platelet-rich plasma
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