title: Sleep and academic performance in later adolescence: results from a large population-based study.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to assess the association between sleep duration and sleep patterns and academic performance in 16-19 year-old adolescents using registry-based academic grades. A large population-based study from Norway conducted in 2012, the youth@hordaland-survey, surveyed 7798 adolescents aged 16-19 years (53.5% girls). The survey was linked with objective outcome data on school performance. Self-reported sleep measures provided information on sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep deficit and bedtime differences between weekday and weekend. School performance [grade point average (GPA)] was obtained from official administrative registries. Most sleep parameters were associated with increased risk for poor school performance. After adjusting for sociodemographic information, short sleep duration and sleep deficit were the sleep measures with the highest odds of poor GPA (lowest quartile). Weekday bedtime was associated significantly with GPA, with adolescents going to bed between 22:00 and 23:00 hours having the best GPA. Also, delayed sleep schedule during weekends was associated with poor academic performance. The associations were somewhat reduced after additional adjustment for non-attendance at school, but remained significant in the fully adjusted models. In conclusion, the demonstrated relationship between sleep problems and poor academic performance suggests that careful assessment of sleep is warranted when adolescents are underperforming at school. Future studies are needed on the association between impaired sleep in adolescence and later functioning in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hysing
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Allison G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Linton
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.|Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.|Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Askeland
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.|Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.|Department of Psychiatry, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.
authors.forename: Børge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sivertsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: GPA; epidemiology; school; sleep duration