title: Influence of environmental factors on the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: Numerous environmental factors have been linked with inflammatory bowel disease. These include smoking, diet, hygiene, drugs, geographical and psychosocial factors. These factors may either increase the risk of or protect against developing this condition and can also affect the course of illness in a positive or negative manner. A number of studies have examined the influence of environmental factors on inflammatory bowel diseases as a whole as well as on ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease separately. As there are differences in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the effect of environmental factors on their onset and course is not always similar. Some factors have shown a consistent association, while reports on others have been conflicting. In this article we discuss the current evidence on the roles of these factors on inflammatory bowel disease, both as causative/protective agents and as modifiers of disease course.
authors.affiliation: Amit Kumar Dutta, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Amit Kumar Dutta, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chacko
mesh_terms: D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008019:Life Style; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: Crohn’s disease; Environmental factors; Etiology; Outcome; Ulcerative colitis
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