title: Prior Cannabis Use Is Associated with Outcome after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that a potential harmful relationship exists between cannabis use and ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the implications of cannabis use in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients.
  
  
  
  An analysis of an international, multicenter, observational database of consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH was conducted. We extracted the following characteristics on presentation: demographics, risk factors, antiplatelet or anticoagulant use, Glasgow Coma Scale, ICH score, neuroimaging parameters, and urine toxicology screen (UTS) results. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was utilized for determination of outcome at discharge. Adjusted logistic ordinal regression was used as shift analysis to assess the impact of cannabis use on mRS score at discharge. The adjusted common OR measured the likelihood that cannabis use would lead to lower mRS scores.
  
  
  
  Within a cohort of 725 spontaneous ICH patients, UTS was positive for cannabinoids in 8.6%. Cannabinoids-positive (CB+) patients were more frequently Caucasian (p < 0.001), younger (p < 0.001), and had lower median ICH scores on admission (p = 0.017) than those who were cannabinoids-negative. CB+ patients also showed a shift toward better outcome in the distribution of mRS categories, with an adjusted common OR of 0.544 (95% CI 0.330-0.895, p = 0.017).
  
  
  
  In this multinational cohort, cannabis use was discovered in nearly 10% of patients with spontaneous ICH. Although there was no relationship between cannabis use and specific ICH characteristics, CB+ patients had milder ICH presentation and less disability at discharge.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Service, San Camillo de' Lellis General Hospital, Rieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Napoli
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masotti
authors.forename: Floris H B M
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Aurel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Popa-Wagner
authors.forename: Réza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Behrouz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013020:South America; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States