title: [Analgesic effect and safety of intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia after the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the analgesic efficacy and safety of intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective randomized controlled study. From May 2014 to April 2015, 80 patients who would undergoing selective surgery performed by the same surgeon team were chosen, and were randomly divided into cryoanalgesia group and intravenous analgesia group by a random number table. Visual analogue scale (VAS) at resting and movement were measured on postoperative 4 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, and the amount of supplemental morphine use and adverse reactions were recorded; plasma concentration of cortisol, blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected on preoperative and postoperative 4 h,1 d,2 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one patients with complete test process were included in the statistical analysis, including cryoanalgesia group (35 cases) and intravenous group (36 cases). No statistical differences were found in terms of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. VAS scores of cryoanalgesia group at movement on postoperative 4 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d were 5(5,7), 4(3,6), 3(3,4), 3(0,3), and in intravenous group were 5(5,6), 5(3,5), 3(3,4), 2(0,3), respectively, but there was no statistically different between two groups (P>0.05). Resting VAS scores of cryoanalgesia group on postoperative 4 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d were 3(2,4), 0(0,3), 0(0,0), 0(0,0), and in intravenous group were 3(0.5,4), 2(0,3), 0(0,1.5), 0(0,0) respectively, but there was no statistically different between two groups (P>0.05). Resting analgesic effectiveness (VAS≤5) of cryoanalgesia group were 91.4%, and in intravenous group were 97.2%, respectively. Median of morphine dosage was equal between two groups on postoperative 4 h, 1 d, 2 d, cumulative amount of morphine of cryoanalgesia group was higher than intravenous group, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Incidence of nausea and vomiting for intravenous group was 36.1%, significantly higher than cryoanalgesia group (17.1%, χ(2)=4.148, P<0.05). The change of plasma concentration of cortisol, C-response protein (CRP), interleuken-6(IL-6) was noticeable, but there was no statistical significance in each time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analgesic effect of both Intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia and intravenous analgesia after VATS is almost the same.Compare with intravenous analgesia, incidence of the adverse reactions of cryoanalgesia is lower, and there is no increasing in the stress response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China.
authors.forename: Yongchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China.
authors.forename: Meixi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China.
authors.forename: Yaoxuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China.
authors.forename: Shengquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China.
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China; Email:liw@sysucc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 530060, China.
authors.forename: Junye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D050785:Cryoanesthesia; D006801:Humans; D007367:Intercostal Nerves; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009020:Morphine; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009020:Morphine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein