title: Caudal Neuromodulation with the Transforaminal Sacral Electrode (InterStim®): Experience in a Pain Center Regarding 12 Implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sacral nerve stimulation is a therapeutic option with demonstrated efficacy for conditions presenting with perineal pain caused by different etiologies. We aimed to assess whether a sacral electrode (InterStim®, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) inserted through the caudal pathway is able to offer an acceptable level of sacral stimulation and rate of catheter migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present 12 patients with pelvic pain who received sacral neuromodulation via the sacral hiatus with the InterStim electrode. We evaluated patient satisfaction as well as migration and removal of the electrode, if necessary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our experience included 12 patients, 10 women and two men, with a mean age of 60 years. In eight of the 12 patients, the initial therapy was effective, and the final system implantation was performed. During subsequent follow-up, patient satisfaction was good. To date, there have been no cases of electrode displacement or migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The caudal insertion of the InterStim electrode, with its own fixation system, and initially designed for transsacral insertion, appears in our experience to be a satisfactory option which can minimize electrode displacements, achieving similar results in therapeutic efficacy and causing no difficulties in removal.
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Department, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department, Health Center Complex of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alonso Guardo
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Health Center Complex of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cano Gala
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Department, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department, Health Center Complex of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sánchez Poveda
authors.affiliation: Bioingeneer Medtronic Latinoamerica, Miami, USA.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rueda Juan
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Department, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department, Health Center Complex of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez Montero
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Department, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department, Health Center Complex of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Garzón Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Department, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department, Health Center Complex of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Santos Lamas
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Department, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department, Health Center Complex of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Vicente
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sánchez Hernández
keywords: Implantable neurostimulator; Outcome assessment; Pain; Perineum; Sacrococcygeal region; Sacrum; Spinal cord stimulation
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