title: Between, Within, and Total Group Factor Analyses of Student Ratings of Instruction.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the factor structures of student ratings of instruction resulting from total group, between group, and within group analyses. Six factors obtained from responses by 9700 students to 31 items were used to approximate the between group covariance matrix based on 43'7 classroom means and the pooled within classroom covariance matrix. A good approximation to both the between and within group covariance matrices was obtained.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Centra
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tucker