title: Lifetime prevalence of childhood eczema and the effect of indoor environmental factors: Analysis in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of eczema varies markedly across the globe. It is unclear whether the geographic variation is due to race and/or ethnic differences, environmental exposures, or genetic factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of ethnicity and environmental exposures on eczema in Hispanic white and non-Hispanic white children who participated in the Southern California Children's Health Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study with sociodemographic predictors and environmental exposures among Hispanic white and non-Hispanic white children ages 4-8 years enrolled in the Children's Health Study, 2002-2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eczema prevalence differed by ethnicity: Hispanic whites showed lower prevalence (13.8%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (20.2%), and adjustment for sociodemographic factors did not account for the ethnic difference (odds ratio [OR] 0.79 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.65-0.95]). Parental history of allergic disease had a larger effect in Hispanic whites than in non-Hispanic whites (p for interaction = 0.005). High maternal education level (OR 1.46 [95% CI, 1.14-1.87]), parental history of allergic disease (OR 2.21 [95% CI, 1.78-2.76]), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.44 [95% CI, 1.06-1.95]) increased the risk of eczema. Indoor environmental factors (e.g., mold, water damage, humidifier use) increased the risk of eczema in non-Hispanic whites independent of a parental history of allergic disease, but, in Hispanic whites, increased risks were observed, primarily in children without a parental history of allergic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hispanic white children in southern California had a lower prevalence of eczema than non-Hispanic whites, and this ethnic difference was not accounted for by sociodemographic differences. The effects of a parental history of allergic disease and indoor environmental exposures on eczema varied by ethnicity, which indicated that the etiology of eczema may differ in Hispanic whites and in non-Hispanic whites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jeong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habre
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bastain
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004485:Eczema / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People
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