title: Confirmation of Single-Locus Sex Determination and Female Heterogamety in Willow Based on Linkage Analysis.
abstract: In this study, we constructed high-density genetic maps of Salix suchowensis and mapped the gender locus with an F1 pedigree. Genetic maps were separately constructed for the maternal and paternal parents by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and the pseudo-testcross strategy. The maternal map consisted of 20 linkage groups that spanned a genetic distance of 2333.3 cM; whereas the paternal map contained 21 linkage groups that covered 2260 cM. Based on the established genetic maps, it was found that the gender of willow was determined by a single locus on linkage group LG_03, and the female was the heterogametic gender. Aligned with mapped SSR markers, linkage group LG_03 was found to be associated with chromosome XV in willow. It is noteworthy that marker density in the vicinity of the gender locus was significantly higher than that expected by chance alone, which indicates severe recombination suppression around the gender locus. In conclusion, this study confirmed the findings on the single-locus sex determination and female heterogamety in willow. It also provided additional evidence that validated the previous studies, which found that different autosomes evolved into sex chromosomes between the sister genera of Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar).
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yingnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Forestry Research Institute of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Lecheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Tongming
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D032108:Salix / Q000235:genetics*; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 1999 Jun;98(8):1279-92
references.pmid: 12238515
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2007 Sep;278(3):221-34
references.pmid: 17609979
references.citation: Genetics. 1969 Nov;63(3):681-99
references.pmid: 5399255
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 2002 Feb;88(2):94-101
references.pmid: 11932767
references.citation: Genetics. 2001 Nov;159(3):1243-57
references.pmid: 11729166
references.citation: Genetics. 1992 Dec;132(4):1141-60
references.pmid: 1360934
references.citation: Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):646-50
references.pmid: 25359977
references.citation: Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):108-10
references.pmid: 15528405
references.citation: Genomics. 1987 Oct;1(2):174-81
references.pmid: 3692487
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2009;10:102
references.pmid: 19284545
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60181
references.pmid: 23560075
references.citation: PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126077
references.pmid: 25942445
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2010;11:129
references.pmid: 20178595
references.citation: Cytogenet Genome Res. 2009;125(1):74-80
references.pmid: 19617699
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2015 Jul;24(13):3243-56
references.pmid: 25728270
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 2003 Feb;90(2):169-80
references.pmid: 12634824
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2007 Aug;278(2):177-85
references.pmid: 17520292
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2004 Jan 22;271(1535):213-9
references.pmid: 15058400
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 2008 Dec;101(6):507-17
references.pmid: 18797475
references.citation: Cytogenet Genome Res. 2006;114(2):175-7
references.pmid: 16825771
references.citation: Adv Genet. 1958;9:217-81
references.pmid: 13520443
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 1993 Apr;86(2-3):301-7
references.pmid: 24193473
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2002 Aug;105(2-3):277-288
references.pmid: 12582530
references.citation: Cell Res. 2014 Oct;24(10):1274-7
references.pmid: 24980958
references.citation: Trends Genet. 2004 Sep;20(9):432-8
references.pmid: 15313552
references.citation: Genetics. 2005 Jun;170(2):975-9
references.pmid: 15834147
references.citation: Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1596-604
references.pmid: 16973872
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 2003 Sep;91(3):293-9
references.pmid: 12939631
references.citation: J Hered. 2003 Mar-Apr;94(2):185-9
references.pmid: 12721232
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Jan 22;427(6972):348-52
references.pmid: 14737167
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 22;99(2):1082-7
references.pmid: 11792865
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2004 Aug;109(3):451-63
references.pmid: 15168022
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 2015 Jun;114(6):575-83
references.pmid: 25649501
references.citation: Bioessays. 2004 Feb;26(2):120-32
references.pmid: 14745830
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2002 Nov;105(6-7):1087-1096
references.pmid: 12582937
references.citation: Genome Res. 2008 Dec;18(12):1938-43
references.pmid: 18593814
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 2005 Aug;95(2):118-28
references.pmid: 15931241
references.citation: Am J Bot. 2007 Feb;94(2):141-50
references.pmid: 21642216
references.citation: J Hered. 2002 Jan-Feb;93(1):77-8
references.pmid: 12011185
references.citation: Genetics. 2004 Jan;166(1):419-36
references.pmid: 15020433
references.citation: Genetics. 1994 Aug;137(4):1121-37
references.pmid: 7982566
references.citation: Genome Res. 2008 Mar;18(3):422-30
references.pmid: 18256239
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2015;5:9076
references.pmid: 25766834
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2013;4:2797
references.pmid: 24256998