title: Epigallocatechin Gallate Attenuates Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction-induced Bladder Injury via Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-related Apoptosis-In Vivo Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea extract, on partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO)-induced bladder injury in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham or BOO procedures, and were divided into several groups (sham with saline injection, sham with EGCG treatment, BOO with saline injection, and BOO with EGCG treatment). The rats in each group were randomized into 2 groups (48 hours and 30 days after the BOO procedure) for when their bladders were harvested. EGCG (4.5 mg/kg/day) and saline were administered via intraperitoneal injection after the BOO procedure during the study period. Bladder tissue was examined for inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptotic markers by Western blot, and histological staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BOO induced acute bladder injury (hemorrhage, edema, and neutrophil infiltration) after 48 hours. In addition, cystometry showed a decrease in micturition pressure and intercontractile interval. We also observed increased expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at 48 hours, as well as ER stress markers such as caspase-12 and CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Treatment with EGCG significantly improved pBOO-induced histologic changes, bladder dysfunction, and the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2, CHOP, and caspase-12 at 48 hours. Similarly, EGCG treatment for 30 days effectively recovered compliance and intercontractile interval, submucosal ER stress-related apoptosis (CHOP and caspase-12) at 30 days after pBOO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGCG alleviate pBOO-induced bladder injury and dysfunction via suppression of inflammation and ER stress-related apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ju-Ton
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Lin
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shing-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Chiang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Chou
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Tso
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zuo-He
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: khhuang123@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Kuo-How
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate