title: Assessment of hospital disaster plans for conventional mass casualty incidents following terrorist explosions using a live exercise based upon the real data of actual patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The National Committee for Hospital Preparedness for Conventional Mass Casualty Incidents and the Hospital Preparedness Division of the Home Front Command are in charge of preparing live exercises held yearly in public hospitals in Israel. Our experience is that live exercises are limited in their ability to test clinical decision making and its influence upon incident management. A live exercise was designed upon real patient data and tested in several public hospitals. The aim of the manuscript is to describe the impact of this new format on clinical decision making in large-scale live exercises.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database of histories, physical examination findings, laboratory results and imaging results for 420 patients treated following terrorist explosions was created using information derived from actual patient encounters. Similar information for 100 patients treated following motor vehicle accidents was also collected. Information from the database was used to create victim profiles used during the course of exercises held in eight public hospitals with 60-800-bed capacities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before implementing the new injury tags, no conclusions could be made concerning the quality of clinical decision making. Conducting the exercise using the new format helped identify deficiencies in the hospital disaster plan in triage, emergency department management and in the proper utilisation of resources such as radiology, operating rooms and the secondary transfer of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous knowledge of patient diagnoses and resource needs allow the identification and quantification of deficiencies and problems identified in clinical decision making, resource utilisation and incident management.
authors.affiliation: The National Committee for Hospital Preparedness for Conventional Mass Casualty Incidents, Emergency and Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel. i_ashkenazi@yahoo.com.|Mass Casualty Incident Registry, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel. i_ashkenazi@yahoo.com.|Surgery B Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, 38100, Hadera, Israel. i_ashkenazi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ashkenazi
authors.affiliation: The National Committee for Hospital Preparedness for Conventional Mass Casualty Incidents, Emergency and Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohana
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Azaria
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelfer
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nave
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deutch
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gens
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fadlon
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dahan
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rapaport
authors.affiliation: Hospital Preparedness Division, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kishkinov
authors.affiliation: Surgeon General, Home Front Command, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.affiliation: The National Committee for Hospital Preparedness for Conventional Mass Casualty Incidents, Emergency and Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tal-Or
authors.affiliation: The National Committee for Hospital Preparedness for Conventional Mass Casualty Incidents, Emergency and Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vaknin
authors.affiliation: The National Committee for Hospital Preparedness for Conventional Mass Casualty Incidents, Emergency and Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blumenfeld
authors.affiliation: Mass Casualty Incident Registry, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kessel
authors.affiliation: Mass Casualty Incident Registry, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alfici
authors.affiliation: Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olsha
authors.affiliation: The National Committee for Hospital Preparedness for Conventional Mass Casualty Incidents, Emergency and Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michaelson
keywords: Drills; Mass casualty incidents; Simulations; Terror bombings; Triage
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