title: [Clinical observation on the treatment of phenol burn patients complicated by acute kidney injury with early blood purification].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the clinical effects of early blood purification in the treatment of phenol burn patients complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five phenol burn patients complicated by AKI, matched with the inclusion criteria, were hospitalized from January 2010 to July 2014. Within post injury hour 24, patients received rapid liquid support, positive wound management, and hemoperfusion (HP) combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) for 2 to 3 hours, then HP was stopped and CVVH was continued for 16 to 21 hours. HP combined with CVVH was performed for 2 to 3 times, then HP was stopped and CVVH was continued for 12 to 22 days. On post injury day (PID) 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21, urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, AST, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL) in serum were determined, and the volume of liquid intake, urine, ultrafiltration, and liquid output were recorded, and the concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in serum were determined by ELISA. General conditions of patients were recorded. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD- t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) On PID 1, the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine were (9.0 ± 3.2) mmol/L and (115 ± 24) µmol/L respectively, which were obviously higher than normal values (with the values of 2.9-8.2 mmol/L and 45-104 µmol/L respectively). On PID 3, 5, 7 and 21, the levels of urea nitrogen were (12.5 ± 4.1), (11.2 ± 5.6), (8.7 ± 2.3) and (6.4 ± 3.9) mmol/L respectively, which were similar with the value of DID 1 (with t values 1.53, 0.76, 0.17 and 1.17 respectively, P values above 0.05). On PID 14, the level of urea nitrogen was (15.8 ± 3.3) mmol/L, which was obviously higher than the value of PID 1 (t =3 .29, P = 0.023). On PID 3, 5, 7 and 14, the levels of creatinine were (248 ± 67), (224 ± 87), (276 ± 59) and (307 ± 77) µmol/L respectively, which were obviously higher than the value of PID 1 (with t values 4.17, 2.70, 5.65 and 5.32 respectively, P values below 0.01). On PID 21, the level of creatinine was (78 ± 28) µmol/L, which was obviously lower than the value of PID 1 (t = 2.23, P = 0.041). The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, and DBIL were higher than normal values from PID 1, and the levels were higher than normal values on PID 3, 5, 7, and 14, and they were similar with the normal values on PID 21. (2) On PID 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21, the volume ratio of liquid intake to liquid output maintained from1:1 to 2:1. On PID 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14, although the volume of urine fluctuated, they were still less than 400 mL/d, and the volume for ultrafiltration showed a tendency from declining at first to a rise later. On PID 21, the volume of urine increased, and the volume for ultrafiltration decreased. (3) On PID 1, the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 increased, and the serum concentration of IL-10 decreased. On PID 3, 5, and 7, the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased, and the serum concentration of IL-10 increased. On PID 14, the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated again but without a high peak value, and the serum concentration of IL-10 decreased but still higher than the value of PID 1. On PID 21, the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 obviously decreased, and the serum concentration of IL-10 obviously elevated. (4) Primary healing of the wound was achieved on PID 21 to 28. Patients were all cured and left hospital on PID 28 to 45. All the patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years. At the last follow up, patients had no symptoms of chronic poisoning and the functions of liver and kidney were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early blood purification treatment is effective for phenol patients phenol burn patients complicated by AKI, and wound healing and kidney function recovery were assured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300222, China.
authors.forename: Shihai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300222, China; Email: 1502831499@qq.com.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300222, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300222, China.
authors.forename: Xiangcheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300222, China.
authors.forename: Yugang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019800:Phenol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010636:Phenols; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010636:Phenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D019800:Phenol