title: Couples-based interventions following prostate cancer treatment: a narrative review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual dysfunction following prostate cancer (PC) treatment often results in sexual avoidance and a loss of sexual intimacy, which can lead to relationship distress. This review aims to evaluate six studies intended to address relational and sexual intimacy following PC treatment and discuss methodological concerns which may help produce more effective interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases used to conduct literature searches included Medline, PsychINFO, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they were: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using samples of men diagnosed with PC of any stage, had a psychosocial intervention, and addressed at least one sexual and relational outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a whole, the literature has produced mixed results. While significant findings were reported, many of the primary hypotheses were not achieved. The six studies show that men with PC may benefit from education and support related to treatment options for erectile dysfunction (ED), whereas their partners may benefit more from interventions focused on relational issues. Important methodological limitations included: selection of general outcome measures as opposed to measures specific to sexuality or intimacy outcomes, lack of assessing distress or bother of the patient/couples as study entry criteria, heterogeneity of study populations, and lack of innovative intervention content as the current studies tested standard educational interventions, sex therapies techniques, and couples therapy strategies with only marginal success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions based on innovative theoretical approaches as well as study designs that address the outlined methodological limitations are needed in this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Emanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avildsen
keywords: Prostate cancer (PC); erectile dysfunction (ED); erectile rehabilitation; sexual function
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