title: Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor dust from varying categories of rooms in Changchun city, northeast China.
abstract: Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were isolated from indoor dust from various categories of rooms in Changchun city, northeast China, including dormitory, office, kitchen, and living rooms. PAH concentrations ranged from 33.9 to 196.4 μg g-1and 21.8 to 329.6 μg g-1during summer and winter, respectively, indicating that total PAH concentrations in indoor dust are much higher than those in other media from the urban environment, including soils and sediments. The percentage of five- to six-ring PAHs was high, indicating that PAHs found in indoor dust mainly originate from pyrolysis rather than a petrogenic source. Rooms were divided into three groups using cluster analysis on the basis of 16 PAH compositions, namely smoke-free homes, homes exposed to smoke and offices. Results showed that the source of PAHs in smoke-free residential homes is primarily the burning of fossil fuels. In addition to the burning of fossil fuels, biomass combustion and cooking contributed to PAHs in houses exposed to smoke (including kitchens). Motor vehicles are an additional source of PAHs in offices because of greater interactions with the outdoor environment. The results of health risk assessment showed that the cancer risk levels by dermal contact and ingestion are 104- to 105-fold higher than that by inhalation, suggesting that ingestion and dermal contact of carcinogenic PAHs in dust are more important exposure routes than inhalation of PAHs from air. Although the results showed high potential of PAH concentrations in indoor dust in Changchun for human health risk, caution should be taken to evaluate the risk of PAHs calculated by USEPA standard models with default parameters because habitation styles are different in various categories of rooms.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China. wangzc100@nenu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zucheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Shengzhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Jiaqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Yuanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University, Changji, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Health risk assessment; Indoor dust; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Source
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