title: Targeted therapies in gastric cancer and future perspectives.
abstract: Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is associated with a high mortality rate and, despite multiple new chemotherapy options, the survival rates of patients with AGC remains poor. After the discovery of targeted therapies, research has focused on the new treatment options for AGC. In the last two decades, many targeted molecules were developed against AGC. Currently, two targeted therapy molecules have been approved for patients with AGC. In 2010, trastuzumab was the first molecule shown to improve survival in patients with HER2-positive AGC as part of a first-line combination regimen. In 2014, ramucirumab was the second targeted molecule to improve survival rates and was suggested as treatment for patients with AGC who had progressed after first-line platinum plus fluoropyrimidine with or without anthracycline chemotherapy. Ramucirumab was the first targeted therapy acting as a single agent in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancers. Although these two molecules were introduced into clinical use, many other promising molecules have been tested in phase I-II trials. It is obvious that in the near future many different targeted therapies will be in use for treatment of AGC. In this review, the current status of targeted therapies in the treatment of AGC and gastroesophageal junction tumors, including HER (2-3) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, c-MET inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, agents against other molecular pathways fibroblast growth factor, Claudins, insulin-like growth factor, heat shock proteins, and immunotherapy, will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Ozan Yazici, Nuriye Ozdemir, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.affiliation: Ozan Yazici, Nuriye Ozdemir, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Ali Nahit
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sendur
authors.affiliation: Ozan Yazici, Nuriye Ozdemir, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuriye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: Ozan Yazici, Nuriye Ozdemir, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sercan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000639:trends; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000639:trends*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Antibodies; Gastric cancer; Survival; Targeted therapies; Tyrosine kinase
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