title: Biological effects of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on the Icelandic scallop (Chlamys islandica).
abstract: This study aimed to simulate conditions in which dispersant (Dasic NS) might be used to combat an oil spill in coastal sub-Arctic water of limited depth and water exchange in order to produce input data for Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of Arctic and sub-Arctic coastal areas. Concentration dependent differences in acute responses and long-term effects of a 48h acute exposure to dispersed oil, with and without the application of a chemical dispersant, were assessed on the Arctic filter feeding bivalve Chlamys islandica. Icelandic scallops were exposed for 48h to a range of spiked concentrations of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil. Short-term effects were assessed in terms of lysosomal membrane stability, superoxide dismutase, catalase, gluthatione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, glutathione, total oxyradical scavenging capacity, lipid peroxidation and peroxisomal proliferation. Post-exposure survival, growth and reproductive investment were followed for 2 months to evaluate any long-term consequence. Generally, similar effects were observed in scallops exposed to mechanically and chemically dispersed oil. Limited short-term effects were observed after 48h, suggesting that a different timing would be required for measuring the possible onset of such effects. There was a concentration dependent increase in cumulative post-exposure mortality, but long-term effects on gonadosomatic index, somatic growth/condition factor did not differ among treatments.
authors.affiliation: Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Post Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: mfr@akvaplan.niva.no.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frantzen
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento de Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: f.regoli@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Regoli
authors.affiliation: Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Post Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway; Bates College, Department of Biology, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA. Electronic address: wambrose@bates.edu.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ambrose
authors.affiliation: Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Post Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: jasmine.m.nahrgang@uit.no.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nahrgang
authors.affiliation: Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Post Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: pge@akvaplan.niva.no.
authors.forename: Perrine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geraudie
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento de Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: m.benedetti@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.affiliation: Bates College, Department of Biology, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA. Electronic address: wlocke@bates.edu.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.affiliation: Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Post Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: lc@akvaplan.niva.no.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Camus
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001110:Arctic Regions; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010578:Petroleum; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Arctic; Chemical dispersant; Growth; Icelandic scallop; Lysosomal membrane stability; Oxidative stress