title: The microtubular cytoskeleton of olfactory neurons derived from patients with schizophrenia or with bipolar disorder: Implications for biomarker characterization, neuronal physiology and pharmacological screening.
abstract: Schizophrenia (SZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are highly inheritable chronic mental disorders with a worldwide prevalence of around 1%. Despite that many efforts had been made to characterize biomarkers in order to allow for biological testing for their diagnoses, these disorders are currently detected and classified only by clinical appraisal based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Olfactory neuroepithelium-derived neuronal precursors have been recently proposed as a model for biomarker characterization. Because of their peripheral localization, they are amenable to collection and suitable for being cultured and propagated in vitro. Olfactory neuroepithelial cells can be obtained by a non-invasive brush-exfoliation technique from neuropsychiatric patients and healthy subjects. Neuronal precursors isolated from these samples undergo in vitro the cytoskeletal reorganization inherent to the neurodevelopment process which has been described as one important feature in the etiology of both diseases. In this paper, we will review the current knowledge on microtubular organization in olfactory neurons of patients with SZ and with BD that may constitute specific cytoskeletal endophenotypes and their relation with alterations in L-type voltage-activated Ca(2+) currents. Finally, the potential usefulness of neuronal precursors for pharmacological screening will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Mexico. Electronic address: bekin@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benítez-King
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Mexico.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdés-Tovar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurofisiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo-Huipulco, C.P. 14370, Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trueta
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Mexico.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Galván-Arrieta
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Argueta
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Mexico.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lora-Castellanos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Mexico.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Solís-Chagoyán
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Cytoskeleton; Microtubules; Neurodevelopment; Neuronal precursors; Olfactory neurons; Schizophrenia