title: Metabolomics of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: implications in toxicity.
abstract: Cannabis sativa is the most commonly used recreational drug, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) being the main addictive compound. Biotransformation of cannabinoids is an important field of xenobiochemistry and toxicology and the study of the metabolism can lead to the discovery of new compounds, unknown metabolites with unique structures and new therapeutic effects. The pharmacokinetics of Δ(9)-THC is dependent on multiple factors such as physical/chemical form, route of administration, genetics, and concurrent consumption of alcohol. This review aims to discuss metabolomics of Δ(9)-THC, namely by presenting all known metabolites of Δ(9)-THC described both in vitro and in vivo, and their roles in the Δ(9)-THC-mediated toxic effects. Since medicinal use is increasing, metabolomics of Δ(9)-THC will also be discussed in order to uncover potential active metabolites that can be made available for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: a IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL , Gandra , Portugal .|b UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal , and.|c Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo Jorge
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dinis-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics
chemical_list: D013759:Dronabinol
keywords: Cannabis; metabolomics; pharmacokinetics; toxicity; Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol