title: Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazolines as a new class of butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibitors.
abstract: A series of 31 N,N-disubstituted 2-amino-5-halomethyl-2-thiazolines was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CaE). The compounds did not inhibit AChE; the most active compounds inhibited BChE and CaE with IC50 values of 0.22-2.3μM. Pyridine-containing compounds were more selective toward BChE; compounds with the para-OMe substituent in one of the two dibenzyl fragments were more selective toward CaE. Iodinated derivatives were more effective BChE inhibitors than brominated ones, while there was no influence of halogen type on CaE inhibition. Inhibition kinetics for the 9 most active compounds indicated non-competitive inhibition of CaE and varied mechanisms (competitive, non-competitive, or mixed-type) for inhibition of BChE. Docking simulations predicted key binding interactions of compounds with BChE and CaE and revealed that the best docked positions in BChE were at the bottom of the gorge in close proximity to the catalytic residues in the active site. In contrast, the best binding positions for CaE were clustered rather far from the active site at the top of the gorge. Thus, the docking results provided insight into differences in kinetic mechanisms and inhibitor activities of the tested compounds. A cytotoxicity test using the MTT assay showed that within solubility limits (<30μM), none of the tested compounds significantly affected viability of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells. The results indicate that a new series of N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazolines could serve as BChE and CaE inhibitors for potential medicinal applications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Makhaeva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Boltneva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
authors.forename: Sofya V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lushchekina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Serebryakova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Stupina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Terentiev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Serkov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Proshin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Bachurin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: rjrich@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Rudy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D043182:Carboxylesterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D013552:Swine; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013844:Thiazoles; C031363:2-aminothiazoline; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer’s disease; Butyrylcholinesterase; Carboxylesterase; Molecular docking; N,N-Disubstituted 2-aminothiazolines