title: Experimental reproduction of necrotic enteritis in chickens: a review.
abstract: This review discusses key factors important in successful experimental reproduction of necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens, and how these factors can be adjusted to affect the severity of the lesions induced. The critical bacterial factor is the need to use virulent, netB-positive, strains of Clostridium perfringens; disease severity can be enhanced by using netB-positive C. perfringens strains that are also tpeL-positive, by the use of young rather than old broth cultures, and by the number of days of inoculation and the number of bacteria used. Use of cereals rich in non-starch polysaccharides can enhance disease, as does use of animal proteins. Administration of coccidia, including coccidial vaccines, combined with netB-positive C. perfringens, increases the severity of experimentally-induced NE. Dietary manipulation may be less important in coccidia-based models since the latter are so effective. Disease scoring systems and welfare considerations are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pathobiology , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Joan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pathobiology , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shojadoost
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pathobiology , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vince
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004751:Enteritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; C534774:NetB protein, Clostridium perfringens
keywords: Necrotic enteritis; disease reproduction; experimental; important factors; review