title: IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients undergoing image-guided tumor ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma from 27 tumor patients was collected immediately before, after and for 6 months following ablation. IgG and IgM antibodies were isolated by use high-throughput chromatography, and analyzed by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although antibody glycosylation was found to vary with cancer type, discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation were not identified. One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. In contrast, IgM antibodies did not follow the same pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. Analyses of the outcome effect suggested that IgG glycosylation and IgM glycosylation are not associated with tumor ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Lucas D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.affiliation: Genos Ltd., Glycobiology Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pučić-Baković
authors.affiliation: Genos Ltd., Glycobiology Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Frano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vučković
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reiding
authors.affiliation: Genos Ltd., Glycobiology Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Trbojević-Akmačić
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šrajer Gajdošik
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Madeleine I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wuhrer
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Uroš
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andjelković
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address: DDupuy@Lifespan.org.
authors.forename: Damian E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dupuy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Croatia; Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address: Djuro_Josic@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Djuro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Josić
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
keywords: Glycosylation; IgG; IgM; Tumor ablation