title: [Analysis on genotypes of hepatitis C virus among intravenous drug users in Kunming, Yunnan].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Kunming, Yunnan province, in 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 276 plasma samples were collected from IDUs in Kunming during April 2014 -July 2014, in which 199 plasma samples were tested to be HCV antibody positive. For the HCV antibody positive samples, HCV E1E2 genes and NS5B genes were amplified by using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After sequencing, the HCV subtypes were determined through phylogenetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the phylogenetic trees of E1E2 gene and NS5B gene fragments, a total of 125 samples were genotyped. 3b was the predominant subtype (48.8%,61/125), followed by 3a (30.4%, 38/125), 6n (14.4%, 18/125), 6a (3.2%, 4/125) and 1b (3.2%, 4/125). The distributions of HCV subtypes by sex, marital status, ethnic group and HIV-1 infection status showed no statistical differences. However, the distribution of HCV subtypes by age showed statistical difference, the diversity of HCV subtypes was found in age group <45 years. The genetic distances of 3a, 3b and 6a on E1E2 and NS5B were larger than those of 1b and 6n. For genotype 3, the genetic distances of 3b on E1E2 and NS5B were larger than those of 3a.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five HCV subtypes were found among IDUs in Kunming, HCV subtypes 3b and 3a were predominant, which have circulated in this population for long time.
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Huichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Chaojun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China; Email: jiamanhong@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Manhong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D055030:Drug Users / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015497:HIV-1; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D065288:Serogroup; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology