title: Assessing genotoxic effects in fish from a marine protected area influenced by former mining activities and other stressors.
abstract: The goal of the current study was to evaluate different genotoxicity tools in order to assess a marine protected area (MPA) affected by former mining activities and urban settlements. A catfish (Cathorops spixii) was analyzed for genotoxic effects at the (i) molecular and at the (ii) chromosomal levels. Through factor analysis, genotoxicity was found to be linked to levels of metals bioaccumulated and PAH metabolites in the bile. Micronucleus and nuclear alteration were less vulnerable to the effects of confounding factors in mildly contaminated areas since they were more frequently associated with bioaccumulated metals than the DNA analysis. The different genotoxicity responses allowed for the identification of sources of pollution in the MPA. This approach was important for detecting environmental risks related to genotoxic contaminants in a mildly contaminated MPA.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP19031, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: pchoueri@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Paloma Kachel
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gusso-Choueri
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos Campus (UNIFESP - Santos), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, CP 11030-490 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Brasil
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Choueri
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Souza
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; Institute of Oceanography, University of São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuliana Seraphim
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; Institute of Oceanography, University of São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Feitosa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stremel
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro Xavier
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: de Campos
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta Margarete
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP19031, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ciro Alberto Oliveira
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denis Moledo de Sousa
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Abessa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002397:Catfishes; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004249:DNA Damage; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008906:Mining; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biomarkers; Environmental quality assessment; Estuary; Genotoxicity; Multivariate approach; Weight of evidence