title: Local treatment of metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the various local treatments available for thyroid cancer metastases, investigate techniques and assess their advantages and limitations and roles in the overall treatment strategy for metastatic disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated metastases surgery, external radiation therapy, embolization, chemoembolization, cementoplasty, radiofrequency ablation and cryotherapy, describing techniques, advantages and drawbacks and possible complications. Indications were reviewed according to metastases location, and the roles of the various techniques are discussed in the overall treatment strategy for thyroid cancer metastases. Despite the advent of new targeted therapies, local treatment still has an important role to play: either palliative or, in oligometastatic involvement, curative. Even in extensive disease, it may allow postponement of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, which, once initiated, has to be continued life-long, is expensive and is not free of side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of nuclear medicine, Institut Bergonie, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: Fbonichon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonichon
authors.affiliation: Department of interventinal radiology, Institut Bergonie, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Buy
authors.affiliation: Department of nuclear medicine, Institut Bergonie, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Godbert
authors.affiliation: Unité de pathologie rachidienne, CHU-Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin-Tripode, place Amélie, Raba-Léon 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pointillart
authors.affiliation: Department of radiotherapy, Institut Bergonie, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henriques de Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Non-Vascular IR Department, University hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangi
authors.affiliation: Department of interventinal radiology, Institut Bergonie, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palussière
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques; D060826:Cementoplasty; D017679:Cryotherapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000628:therapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Cancer thyroïdien; Cementoplasty; Cimentoplastie; Cryotherapy; Cryothérapie; External radiotherapy; Metastases; Métastases; Radiofrequency; Radiothérapie externe; Thyroid cancer