title: Synthesis of Titania@Carbon Nanocomposite from Urea-Impregnated Cellulose for Efficient Lithium and Sodium Batteries.
abstract: Nanostructured TiO2 and TiO2@C nanocomposites were prepared directly from urea-impregnated cellulose by a simple reaction/diffusion process and evaluated as negative electrode materials for Li and Na batteries. By direct treatment with TiCl4 under anhydrous conditions, the urea impregnation of cellulose impacts both the TiO2 morphology and the carbon left by cellulose after pyrolysis. Hierarchical TiO2 structures with a flower-like morphology grown from-and-at the surface of the cellulose fibers are obtained without any directing agent. The resulting TiO2/cellulose composite is then transformed either into pure TiO2 flowers by calcination in air at 600 °C, or into TiO2@C nanocomposites by pyrolysis under Ar at 600 °C. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that both samples can (de)insert lithium and sodium ions and are promising electrode materials.
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253, CMOS team, Université de Montpellier, CC1701, place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253, AIME team, Université de Montpellier, CC1502, place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France. nicolas.louvain@umontpellier.fr.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS, 3459, France. nicolas.louvain@umontpellier.fr.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Louvain
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253, CMOS team, Université de Montpellier, CC1701, place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS, 3459, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253, AIME team, Université de Montpellier, CC1502, place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS, 3459, France.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stievano
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253, AIME team, Université de Montpellier, CC1502, place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS, 3459, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monconduit
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253, CMOS team, Université de Montpellier, CC1701, place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France. bruno.boury@umontpellier.fr.|Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS, 3459, France. bruno.boury@umontpellier.fr.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boury
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D014508:Urea; D002482:Cellulose; D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium; D014025:Titanium
keywords: electrochemistry; lithium; nanostructures; sodium; titanium