title: Long-Term Outcome of Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Results From an International Prospective Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism, is characterized by fibrothrombotic obstructions of large pulmonary arteries combined with small-vessel arteriopathy. It can be cured by pulmonary endarterectomy, and can be clinically improved by medical therapy in inoperable patients. A European registry was set up in 27 centers to evaluate long-term outcome and outcome correlates in 2 distinct populations of operated and not-operated patients who have chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 679 patients newly diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension were prospectively included over a 24-month period. Estimated survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90-95), 91% (95% CI, 87-93), and 89% (95% CI, 86-92) in operated patients (n=404), and only 88% (95% CI, 83-91), 79% (95% CI, 74-83), and 70% (95% CI, 64-76) in not-operated patients (n=275). In both operated and not-operated patients, pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted therapy did not affect survival estimates significantly. Mortality was associated with New York Heart Association functional class IV (hazard ratio [HR], 4.16; 95% CI, 1.49-11.62; P=0.0065 and HR, 4.76; 95% CI, 1.76-12.88; P=0.0021), increased right atrial pressure (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.95-1.90; P=0.0992 and HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.20-1.88; P=0.0004), and a history of cancer (HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.36-6.69; P=0.0065 and HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.18-3.94; P=0.0129) in operated and not-operated patients, respectively. Additional correlates of mortality were bridging therapy with pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted drugs, postoperative pulmonary hypertension, surgical complications, and additional cardiac procedures in operated patients, and comorbidities such as coronary disease, left heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in not-operated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term prognosis of operated patients currently is excellent and better than the outcome of not-operated patients.
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.). marion.delcroix@uzleuven.be.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delcroix
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pepke-Zaba
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jansa
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: D'Armini
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Repke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Snijder
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bresser
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torbicki
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mellemkjaer
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewczuk
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simkova
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Joan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barberà
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Perrot
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Marius M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hoeper
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaine
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Speich
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gomez-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jaïs
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ambroz
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Treacy
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morsolini
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dartevelle
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: From KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium (M.D.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., C.T., D.J.); Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Czech Republic (P.J., D.A., J.L.); San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Italy (A.M.D., M.M.); St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (R.S.); OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.B.); Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland (A.T.); Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (S.M.); Regional Specialist Hospital and Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (J.L.); Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.S.); Hospital Clínic- IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universtiy of Barcelona, Spain (J.A.B.); Toronto General Hospital, Canada (M.d.P.); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany, and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.); Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (S.G.); Universitätspital Zürich, Switzerland (R.S.); Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (M.A.G.-S.); Medical University of Graz, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Austria (G.K.); University Paris Sud (Paris XI), INSERM U 999, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (X.J., P.D., G.S.); and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.M.).
authors.forename: Gérald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonneau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012042:Registries; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: endarterectomy; hypertension, pulmonary; pulmonary embolism; survival; thromboembolism