title: Development and Characterization of Nisin Nanoparticles as Potential Alternative for the Recurrent Vaginal Candidiasis Treatment.
abstract: The aim of this work was the development and characterization of nisin-loaded nanoparticles and the evaluation of its potential antifungal activity. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida sp. considered as one of the major public health problem currently. The discovery of antifungal agents that present a reduced or null resistance of Candida sp. and the development of more efficient drug release mechanisms are necessary for the improvement of candidiasis treatment. Nisin, a bacteriocin commercially available for more than 50 years, exhibits antibacterial action in food products with potential antifungal activity. Among several alternatives used to modulate antifungal activity of bacteriocins, polymeric nanoparticles have received great attention due to an effective drug release control and reduction of therapeutic dose, besides the minimization of adverse effects by the preferential accumulation in specific tissues. The nisin nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsification and solvent evaporation methods. Nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Antifungal activity was accessed by pour plate method and cell counting using Candida albicans strains. The in vitro release profile and in vitro permeation studies were performed using dialysis bag method and pig vaginal mucosa in Franz diffusion cell, respectively. The results revealed nisin nanoparticles (300 nm) with spherical shape and high loading efficiency (93.88 ± 3.26%). In vitro test results suggest a promising application of these nanosystems as a prophylactic agent in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and other gynecological diseases.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Coli Louvisse
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Todaro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Plinio Cunha
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sathler
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Cláudio Rodrigues Pereira
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Almada
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: do Carmo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleonice Marques
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LACMAC, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Keiko
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, LaBIEMol, Instituto de Biologia, Centro, CEP 24210-130, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Carla
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, ModMolQSAR, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Rangel
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valeria Pereira
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. lmcabral@pharma.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Lucio Mendes
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cabral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009561:Nisin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011108:Polymers; D009561:Nisin
keywords: bacteriocins; candidiasis; gynecological diseases; nanoparticles; nisin