title: The force within: endocardial development, mechanotransduction and signalling during cardiac morphogenesis.
abstract: Endocardial cells are cardiac endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart tube. Historically, their contribution to cardiac development has mainly been considered from a morphological perspective. However, recent studies have begun to define novel instructive roles of the endocardium, as a sensor and signal transducer of biophysical forces induced by blood flow, and as an angiocrine signalling centre that is involved in myocardial cellular morphogenesis, regeneration and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss how the endocardium develops, how endocardial-myocardial interactions influence the developing embryonic heart, and how the dysregulation of blood flow-responsive endocardial signalling can result in pathophysiological changes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany.
authors.forename: Timm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haack
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam D-14476, Germany salim.seyfried@uni-potsdam.de.
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdelilah-Seyfried
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004699:Endocardium / Q000196:embryology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D009024:Morphogenesis; D012038:Regeneration; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology
keywords: Bmp; Cardiac development; Endocardium; Hemodynamics; Krüppel-like factor 2; Mechanotransduction; Mouse; Vegf; Zebrafish