title: Oxygen isotopic evidence for vigorous mixing during the Moon-forming giant impact.
abstract: Earth and the Moon are shown here to have indistinguishable oxygen isotope ratios, with a difference in Δ'(17)O of -1 ± 5 parts per million (2 standard error). On the basis of these data and our new planet formation simulations that include a realistic model for primordial oxygen isotopic reservoirs, our results favor vigorous mixing during the giant impact and therefore a high-energy, high-angular-momentum impact. The results indicate that the late veneer impactors had an average Δ'(17)O within approximately 1 per mil of the terrestrial value, limiting possible sources for this late addition of mass to the Earth-Moon system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. eyoung@epss.ucla.edu ikohl@epss.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. eyoung@epss.ucla.edu ikohl@epss.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Issaku E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95490 Bayreuth, Germany.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rubie
authors.affiliation: Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95490 Bayreuth, Germany. Laboratoire Lagrange, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, CNRS, 06304 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Lagrange, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, CNRS, 06304 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morbidelli