title: European molecular epidemiology and strain diversity of feline calicivirus.
abstract: Feline calicivirus (FCV) causes a variable syndrome of upper respiratory tract disease, mouth ulcers and lameness. A convenience-based prospective sample of oropharyngeal swabs (n=426) was obtained from five countries (France, Germany, Greece, Portugal and the UK). The prevalence of FCV by virus isolation was 22.2 per cent. Multivariable analysis found that animals presenting with lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis stomatitis complex were more likely to test positive for FCV infection. Furthermore, vaccinated cats up to 48 months of age were significantly less likely to be infected with FCV than unvaccinated animals of similar ages. Phylogenetic analysis based on consensus sequences for the immunodominant region of the capsid gene from 72 FCV isolates identified 46 strains. Thirteen of the 14 strains with more than one sequence were restricted to individual regions or sites in individual countries; the exception was a strain present in two sites close to each other in France. Four strains were present in more than one household. Five colonies, four of which were rescue shelters, had multiple strains within them. Polymerase sequence suggested possible rare recombination events. These locally, nationally and internationally diverse FCV populations maintain a continuous challenge to the control of FCV infection and disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vizcaíno
authors.affiliation: Virbac, 13e rue - LID, Carros 06511, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-1556
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGahie
authors.affiliation: Virbac, 13e rue - LID, Carros 06511, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lesbros
authors.affiliation: Virbac, 13e rue - LID, Carros 06511, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Almeras
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Howarth
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Radford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D002415:Cats; D005060:Europe; D014644:Genetic Variation; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Epidemiology; Feline calicivirus; Molecular epidemiology; Vaccines; Vesivirus
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