title: Pulmonary hypertension predicts mortality in infants with omphalocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify predictors of mortality in infants with omphalocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of infants with omphalocele born between January 1992 and June 2012, with follow-up toDecember 2012, were retrospectively reviewed. Survivors and non-survivors were compared. Evidence for pulmonary hypertension was sought between the second and seventh day after birth. All included infants had increased right ventricular pressures (RVP >40 mmhg) on echocardiogram on the second day of life with increased oxygen requirements, therefore, the finding of increased pressure was not considered a result of the transitional circulation. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the importance and independence of various factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 51 infants whose records were reviewed, 13 died (25%) and 38 survived (75%). The median time to death was 34 days (range: 4 -408 days). The median follow-up time for those who died was 1.5 years (range: 0.01-15 years) and for survivors was 2.6 years (range: 0.08-15 years). Logistic regression revealed that respiratory insufficiency at birth (OR: 14.8; 95% CI: 2.5-85.0) and pulmonary hypertension (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 1.1-39.0) were independently associated with mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory insufficiency after birth and pulmonary hypertension are independent predictors of mortality in infants with omphalocele.
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Baerg
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ramlogan
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: St Peter
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Pulmonary hypertension; infant; omphalocele; respiratory insufficiency; ventilator