title: Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cardiovascular Disease.
abstract: Objective. To identify, evaluate, and synthesize evidence on the predictive power of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cardiovascular disease, through a systematic review of quantitative studies. Data Sources. MEDLINE was searched using keywords related to "endothelial progenitor cells" and "endothelium" and, for the different categories, respectively, "smoking"; "blood pressure"; "diabetes mellitus" or "insulin resistance"; "dyslipidemia"; "aging" or "elderly"; "angina pectoris" or "myocardial infarction"; "stroke" or "cerebrovascular disease"; "homocysteine"; "C-reactive protein"; "vitamin D". Study Selection. Database hits were evaluated against explicit inclusion criteria. From 927 database hits, 43 quantitative studies were included. Data Syntheses. EPC count has been suggested for cardiovascular risk estimation in the clinical practice, since it is currently accepted that EPCs can work as proangiogenic support cells, maintaining their importance as regenerative/reparative potential, and also as prognostic markers. Conclusions. EPCs showed an important role in identifying cardiovascular risk conditions, and to suggest their evaluation as predictor of outcomes appears to be reasonable in different defined clinical settings. Due to their capability of proliferation, circulation, and the development of functional progeny, great interest has been directed to therapeutic use of progenitor cells in atherosclerotic diseases. This trial is registered with registration number: Prospero CRD42015023717.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina Oriana
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1314-6602
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Aragona
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Egidio
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2656-5467
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Imbalzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2959-7472
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mamone
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cairo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4383-0314
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lo Gullo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Ascola
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Adriana
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2872-2542
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scuruchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basile
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2577-5676
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saitta
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandraffino
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Aug;24(8):1442-7
references.pmid: 15191940
references.citation: Circ Res. 2012 Feb 17;110(4):624-37
references.pmid: 22343557
references.citation: Blood. 2000 Feb 1;95(3):952-8
references.pmid: 10648408
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2011 Jul;32(14):1748-57
references.pmid: 21127322
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2014 Jan;57(1):4-15
references.pmid: 24173366
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Jun 12;103(23):2776-9
references.pmid: 11401930
references.citation: Clin Res Cardiol. 2011 Oct;100(10):925-34
references.pmid: 21633921
references.citation: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013;4(6):152
references.pmid: 24423369
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2012 May;47(5):394-400
references.pmid: 22449458
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1998 Jun 4;338(23):1650-6
references.pmid: 9614255
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Sep;28(9):1584-95
references.pmid: 18669889
references.citation: Eur J Heart Fail. 2009 Oct;11(10):973-9
references.pmid: 19789401
references.citation: Blood. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):1801-9
references.pmid: 17053059
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2009 Feb;55(2):322-35
references.pmid: 19095729
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2006 May;49(5):1109-11
references.pmid: 16520918
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2006 Aug;187(2):423-32
references.pmid: 16288934
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Apr 1;82(1):9-20
references.pmid: 19179352
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2007 Jan;25(1):127-32
references.pmid: 17143183
references.citation: Microvasc Res. 2010 Sep;80(2):274-9
references.pmid: 20478316
references.citation: Sci Aging Knowledge Environ. 2003 Nov 12;2003(45):re8
references.pmid: 14614128
references.citation: Hypertension. 2012 Jun;59(6):1225-31
references.pmid: 22547440
references.citation: Clin Biochem. 2010 Dec;43(18):1436-42
references.pmid: 20888331
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2009 Dec;30(24):2978-84
references.pmid: 19773226
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2004 Jun;25(12):1003-8
references.pmid: 15191769
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Dec 17;42(12):2081-2
references.pmid: 14680730
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Apr;1100:353-60
references.pmid: 17460198
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2014 Jul;235(1):130-9
references.pmid: 24835432
references.citation: Science. 1997 Feb 14;275(5302):964-7
references.pmid: 9020076
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014 Feb 28;9(2):e90314
references.pmid: 24587320
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Feb 1;105(3):1068-77
references.pmid: 15388583
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Dec;95(6):2591-7
references.pmid: 14600164
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Apr 6;109(13):1615-22
references.pmid: 15037527
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2008 Jul;51(7):1296-305
references.pmid: 18286257
references.citation: EuroIntervention. 2011 Feb;6(7):819-25
references.pmid: 21252015
references.citation: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2014;21(11):1183-96
references.pmid: 25078066
references.citation: Diabetes. 2005 Jun;54(6):1615-25
references.pmid: 15919781
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Apr 18;113(15):1888-904
references.pmid: 16618833
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Jan;13(1):87-102
references.pmid: 19067770
references.citation: Diabetes. 2004 Jan;53(1):195-9
references.pmid: 14693715
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 3;45(9):1441-8
references.pmid: 15862416
references.citation: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 Feb;50(2):266-72
references.pmid: 20673769
references.citation: Stroke. 2008 Jan;39(1):69-74
references.pmid: 18063830
references.citation: Cytometry A. 2012 Oct;81(10):856-64
references.pmid: 22930579
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 May 4;109(17):2058-67
references.pmid: 15078802
references.citation: Am J Med. 1977 May;62(5):707-14
references.pmid: 193398
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3422-7
references.pmid: 10725398
references.citation: Circulation. 2002 Dec 10;106(24):3009-17
references.pmid: 12473544
references.citation: Hypertension. 2009 Apr;53(4):674-81
references.pmid: 19237681
references.citation: Stroke. 2005 Jan;36(1):151-3
references.pmid: 15576657
references.citation: JAMA. 1995 Nov 15;274(19):1526-33
references.pmid: 7474221
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 2004 Sep;107(3):273-80
references.pmid: 15099190
references.citation: JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2481-5
references.pmid: 11368701
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2014 Sep;28(9):543-50
references.pmid: 24553637
references.citation: Panminerva Med. 2010 Jun;52(2 Suppl 1):81-7
references.pmid: 20657540
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Jun 22;109 (24):2972-5
references.pmid: 15184275
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1966 Mar 31;274(13):701-5
references.pmid: 5908872
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 8;353(10):999-1007
references.pmid: 16148285
references.citation: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014 Nov-Dec;32(6):922-9
references.pmid: 25436985
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 Oct;55(10):1693-4
references.pmid: 17908080
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2007 Sep;194(1):46-54
references.pmid: 17493626
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Nov;24(11):1977-9
references.pmid: 15528489
references.citation: Stroke. 2007 Oct;38(10):2759-64
references.pmid: 17761925
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 14;347(20):1557-65
references.pmid: 12432042
references.citation: Lancet. 2002 Dec 14;360(9349):1903-13
references.pmid: 12493255
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 May 19;43(10):1731-7
references.pmid: 15145091
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2011 Jan;25(1):57-62
references.pmid: 20336149
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2006 Sep;27(18):2247-55
references.pmid: 16912055
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 Jul 6;89(1):E1-7
references.pmid: 11440984
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2008 Mar;22(3):183-90
references.pmid: 17992252
references.citation: Stem Cells Int. 2015;2015:931420
references.pmid: 26300924
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 13;348(7):593-600
references.pmid: 12584367
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 2001 Oct;115(1):186-94
references.pmid: 11722432
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 May 13;107(18):2342-7
references.pmid: 12707237
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2009 Nov;207 (1):213-9
references.pmid: 19406403
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2011 Nov;29(11):1650-5
references.pmid: 21948649
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Oct 21;108(16):1917-23
references.pmid: 14568885
references.citation: Microvasc Res. 2010 May;79(3):169-73
references.pmid: 20149806
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2010 Nov 1;106(9):1248-54
references.pmid: 21029820
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 14;340(2):115-26
references.pmid: 9887164
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Sep 27;58(14):1433-41
references.pmid: 21939825
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2014 May 15;173(3):591-2
references.pmid: 24698255
references.citation: Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010 Mar;11(2):165-71
references.pmid: 19946118
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 2014 Jan;229(1):10-6
references.pmid: 23794280
references.citation: Eur J Heart Fail. 2009 Dec;11(12):1129-34
references.pmid: 19861382
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2002 Jan;82(1):47-95
references.pmid: 11773609
references.citation: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004 Feb;36(2):233-9
references.pmid: 14871551
references.citation: Age (Dordr). 2012 Dec;34(6):1309-16
references.pmid: 21894446
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):C572-9
references.pmid: 15308462
references.citation: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004 Jul;31(7):407-13
references.pmid: 15236625
references.citation: EuroIntervention. 2007 Nov;3(3):350-8
references.pmid: 19737717
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 Oct 1;22(10):1567-72
references.pmid: 12377731
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Feb;31(2):408-15
references.pmid: 21030714
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2005 Nov;183(1):163-7
references.pmid: 15907852
references.citation: FASEB J. 2008 Jul;22(7):2297-310
references.pmid: 18263699
references.citation: J Pharmacol Sci. 2006 Sep;102(1):96-102
references.pmid: 16990702
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 17;45(10):1574-9
references.pmid: 15893169
references.citation: Coron Artery Dis. 2012 May;23(3):201-7
references.pmid: 22487946
references.citation: EuroIntervention. 2007 May;3(1):67-75
references.pmid: 19737687
references.citation: J Mol Med (Berl). 2013 Mar;91(3):285-95
references.pmid: 23371317
references.citation: Blood. 2004 Dec 1;104(12):3591-7
references.pmid: 15161665
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012 Jan 14;50(6):1107-13
references.pmid: 22706254
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2009 Feb;202(2):345-7
references.pmid: 18571177
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 May 10;111(18):2356-63
references.pmid: 15867181
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Jan 1;105(1):199-206
references.pmid: 15345590
references.citation: Vasc Med. 2010 Aug;15(4):279-85
references.pmid: 20511292
references.citation: Circ Res. 2004 Aug 20;95(4):343-53
references.pmid: 15321944
references.citation: Hypertension. 2010 Mar;55(3):593-9
references.pmid: 20083733
references.citation: Blood. 2004 Nov 1;104(9):2752-60
references.pmid: 15226175
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2014 Jun;32(6):1380-9
references.pmid: 24497003
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jun 28;52(7):4655-62
references.pmid: 21398276
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 Jan 29;117(4):503-11
references.pmid: 18180395
references.citation: Circulation. 2002 Oct 8;106(15):1913-8
references.pmid: 12370212
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;93(2):267-74
references.pmid: 21123460
references.citation: Lancet. 2006 Jan 14;367(9505):113-21
references.pmid: 16413875
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Aug 03;117(5):173-90
references.pmid: 19630751