title: Alteration of Political Belief by Non-invasive Brain Stimulation.
abstract: People generally have imperfect introspective access to the mechanisms underlying their political beliefs, yet can confidently communicate the reasoning that goes into their decision making process. An innate desire for certainty and security in ones beliefs may play an important and somewhat automatic role in motivating the maintenance or rejection of partisan support. The aim of the current study was to clarify the role of the DLPFC in the alteration of political beliefs. Recent neuroimaging studies have focused on the association between the DLPFC (a region involved in the regulation of cognitive conflict and error feedback processing) and reduced affiliation with opposing political candidates. As such, this study used a method of non-invasive brain simulation (tRNS) to enhance activity of the bilateral DLPFC during the incorporation of political campaign information. These findings indicate a crucial role for this region in political belief formation. However, enhanced activation of DLPFC does not necessarily result in the specific rejection of political beliefs. In contrast to the hypothesis the results appear to indicate a significant increase in conservative values regardless of participant's initial political orientation and the political campaign advertisement they were exposed to.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chawke
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of SussexBrighton, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness ScienceBrighton, UK; Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya Brain ImagingTokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanai
keywords: belief formation; cognitive dissonance; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); goal directed reasoning; political neuroscience; transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS); unconscious processing
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