title: In a Neonatal Piglet Model of Intestinal Failure, Administration of Antibiotics and Lack of Enteral Nutrition Have a Greater Impact on Intestinal Microflora Than Surgical Resection Alone.
abstract: Data are limited on how short bowel syndrome (SBS) affects the healthy developing intestinal microbiome, with even less assessing different SBS anatomical surgical models. This study was conducted to describe the "ileal" and "colonic" microflora in 2 surgical models of SBS.
  
  
  
  Neonatal piglets (2-5 days old) underwent intestinal resection, leaving the ileum (JI anatomy, n = 6) or removing the ileum and ileocecal valve (JC anatomy, n = 5), or sham surgery (sham; n = 4). JI, JC, and sham piglets commenced parenteral nutrition on day 0 and received ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine on days 0-4 for prevention of line sepsis. At day 7, ileal and colonic digesta were collected, and they were also collected from age-matched sow-fed piglets (n = 6). DNA extraction, sequencing, and annotation followed standard procedures.
  
  
  
  Colonic and ileal bacterial genus diversity and relative bacterial abundance were greater ( P < .05) in sow-fed compared with JI, JC, and sham piglets; however, minor differences were observed in either location between sham, JI, and JC piglets and within the surgical model. In the colon, sow-fed piglets had higher ( P < .05) abundance of Lactobacillus (26%) and tended to have lower ( P = .06) abundance of Enterococcus (<.1%) than JI, JC, or sham piglets, in which Lactobacillus and Enterococcus abundance averaged <.1% and 9%, respectively.
  
  
  
  Intestinal resection reduces bacterial diversity in the large bowel, and the difference is associated with the presence/absence of the ileum and ileocecal valve. The lack of enteral nutrition and antibiotic administration (ie, sow-fed vs surgery) had a greater influence on the observed shift in diversity and relative abundance than intestinal resection.
authors.affiliation: 1 Animal Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Levesque
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: 3 Animal Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Julang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wizzard
authors.affiliation: 1 Animal Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: St Pierre
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: 5 Division of General Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|6 Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wales
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D018805:Sepsis / Q000517:prevention & control; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004338:Drug Combinations; C000301:trimethoprim, sulfadoxine drug combination; D000667:Ampicillin; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D014295:Trimethoprim
keywords: anatomical model; microbiota; porcine; short bowel syndrome