title: Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Apoptosis Antagonizing Transcription Factor Involved in Hydroquinone-Induced DNA Damage Response.
abstract: The molecular mechanism of DNA damage induced by hydroquinone (HQ) remains unclear. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) usually works as a DNA damage sensor, and hence, it is possible that PARP-1 is involved in the DNA damage response induced by HQ. In TK6 cells treated with HQ, PARP activity as well as the expression of apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF), PARP-1, and phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) were maximum at 0.5 h, 6 h, 3 h, and 3 h, respectively. To explore the detailed mechanisms underlying the prompt DNA repair reaction, the above indicators were investigated in PARP-1-silenced cells. PARP activity and expression of AATF and PARP-1 decreased to 36%, 32%, and 33%, respectively, in the cells; however, γ-H2AX expression increased to 265%. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays were employed to determine whether PARP-1 and AATF formed protein complexes. The interaction between these proteins together with the results from IP assays and confocal microscopy indicated that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) regulated AATF expression. In conclusion, PARP-1 was involved in the DNA damage repair induced by HQ via increasing the accumulation of AATF through PARylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Xuan
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jia Xian
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Electrocardiogram Department of Cardiovascular Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yu Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: DU
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shao Qian
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jia Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Huan Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Lin Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000633:toxicity*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C402637:AATF protein, human; D000975:Antioxidants; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D006873:Hydroquinones; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C031927:hydroquinone