title: Evaluation of Toxicity in Mouse Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells.
abstract: Development of blood cells through hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow (BM), and can be adversely impacted by various substances and/or conditions ranging from known therapeutic, intentionally administered xenobiotics to unintentional food additives and exposure to environmental chemicals. The principles underlying the techniques for evaluating toxicity to BM progenitors (erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid) exploit changes in the normal hematopoietic process, biochemical cell surface and intracellular markers, as well as components of the BM microenvironment. Toxicological investigations following in vivo exposures of mice or in vitro exposures of mouse primary BM cell cultures allow the assessment of the developmental and functional integrity of BM cells, cell population shifts, and adverse biochemical effects due to toxicity. Colony forming unit (CFU) assays and flow cytometry are indispensable techniques in these toxicity studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Peace C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ezeh
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Shu Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Burchiel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects*; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D015262:Xenobiotics
keywords: CFU assays; bone marrow toxicology; hematopoiesis; progenitor cell differentiation; surface and intracellular staining
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