title: Proenkefalin A and protachykinin in ischemic neurological complications after cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The evaluation of biomarkers of acute ischemic brain injury following surgical revascularization of the heart with the use of the heart-lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients were divided into two groups: the first 10 patients received a potential neuroprotective human recombinant erythropoietin, while the remaining 10 comprised the control group. Neurological complications were monitored by measuring serum concentrations of neuropeptide proenkephalin A(PENK-A) and protachykinin A (PTA) before and in the first 5 days after surgery, comparing the neurological outcome with MRI examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the erythropoietin-treated group and control group were comparable with a non-significant difference shown for the postoperative concentrations of PENK-A and PTA. A comparison of serum concentrations of the biomarkers of 16 patients without brain ischemia and 4 patients with acute ischemia also displayed no significant differences, regardless of erythropoietin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our pilot study the analysis of PENK-A and PTA serum concentrations might not be the strategy to enable the monitoring and evaluation of neuroprotective stroke treatment, but further studies are required to investigate its role in acute ischemic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skitek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Aleš
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerin
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000097:blood*; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004745:Enkephalins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D015320:Tachykinins; C029992:proenkephalin; C054618:protachykinin; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa
keywords: biomarkers; cardiac surgery; ischemic brain injury