title: Health related quality of life and family impact of type 1 diabetes among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the health related quality of life (HRQoL) among Saudi Arabian adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the impact the disease has on the family.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study was conducted involving 315 adolescent patients (12-18 years) and their caregivers. Adolescent HRQoL was assessed by adolescents and their parents completing the Peds QL™ Diabetes Module 3.0. Family impact was assessed by the parent completing the Peds QL™ Family Impact module (FIM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents reported a cumulative mean HRQoL score of 64.8, while parents reported significantly lower scores of 60.3 (p=0.003). The lowest scores reported by both adolescents and parents were for "Worry". Female gender and late adolescent age were predictors of lower HRQoL for adolescents with T1DM. The FIM showed low scores for "Emotional functioning" (59.8) and high scores for "Family relationships" (80.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial and family centered care approach to adolescents with a chronic disease. Future work could assess the effectiveness of direct care involvement of adolescent and mental health experts in improving the HRQoL for this population.
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: buhairanfs@ngha.med.sa.
authors.forename: Fadia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: AlBuhairan
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maliha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasim
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahlam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Otaibi
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naila A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Jaser
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al Alwan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Adolescents; Health related quality of life; Interdisciplinary; Peds QL™; Saudi Arabia; Type 1 diabetes