title: Comparison of direct effects of clinically available vasodilators; nitroglycerin, nifedipine, cilnidipine and diltiazem, on human skeletonized internal mammary harvested with ultrasonic scalpel.
abstract: Direct vasodilator effects of nitroglycerin, nifedipine, cilnidipine and diltiazem on human skeletonized internal mammary artery graft harvested with ultrasonic scalpel were assessed in the presence of 0.1 or 0.2 µM of noradrenaline. Ring preparations were made of distal end section of the bypass grafts, and those dilated by acetylcholine were used for assessment. Each drug dilated the artery in a concentration-related manner (0.01-10 µM, n = 6 for each drug) with a potency of nitroglycerin > nifedipine = cilnidipine > diltiazem. These results indicate that nitroglycerin can be useful for treating internal mammary artery spasm, that clinical utility of diltiazem may not depend on its vasodilator effect on the bypass graft, and that cilnidipine as well as nifedipine will have anti-spastic action which is in the middle between those of nitroglycerine and diltiazem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, 3-22-1 Hyakuninncho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
authors.forename: Koso
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Pham Ngoc
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Minh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izumi-Nakaseko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, 3-22-1 Hyakuninncho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan. atsushi.sugiyama@med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004095:Dihydropyridines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C065927:cilnidipine; D004110:Diltiazem; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D009543:Nifedipine
keywords: Human internal mammary artery; Ultrasonic scalpel; Vasodilator; Vasospasm
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