title: Fasting Glucose is a Useful Indicator for Cerebrovascular Risk in Non-Diabetic Koreans: Association With Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.
abstract: Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are associated with incidence of cerebro-/cardio-vascular diseases. This study hypothesized that fasting glycemic status may reflect cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic Koreans. Fasting glycemic status, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were measured in non-diabetic subjects (healthy controls, n = 112 and stroke n = 41). Systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CPR), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were higher, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterols were lower in patients with stroke than healthy controls. Fasting glucose positively correlated with hs-CRP, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde. The significances continued or at least turned to a trend after adjustments for confounding factors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that fasting glucose was mainly associated with cerebrovascular risk (β'-coefficient = 0.284, p < 0.0001) together with age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, hs-CRP, body mass index, dietary poly unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA), and HbA1C (r(2) = 0.634, p = 0.044). The subjects were subdivided by their fasting glucose levels [normal fasting glucose: 70-99 mg/dL, n = 91 [NFG-control] and n = 27 [NFG-stroke]; higher fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dL, n = 21 [HFG-control] and n = 14 [HFG-stroke]). In both controls and stroke patients, HFG groups show higher triglyceride, total- and LDL-cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol than NFG groups. Control-HFG group showed significantly higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation than control-NFG group. Stroke-HFG group also showed significantly higher inflammatory levels than stroke-NFG group, moreover the highest among the groups. Additionally, stroke-NFG group consumed higher PUFA/SFA than stroke-HFG group. Fasting glucose may be a useful indicator for cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic individuals which may be mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 project, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Korea.; Department of Neurology, Busan-Ulsan Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A University Hospital, College of Medicine, Busan, 49201 Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 project, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Korea.
authors.forename: So Ra
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 project, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Korea.
authors.forename: Ga Yoon
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 project, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Korea.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 project, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Korea.
authors.forename: Mok-Ryeon
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Busan-Ulsan Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A University Hospital, College of Medicine, Busan, 49201 Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 project, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Korea.
authors.forename: Oh Yoen
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9262-3309
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cerebrovascular risk; Fasting glucose; Inflammation; Non-diabetes; Oxidative stress
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