title: Effects of feeding state on anticoagulation in adult goats treated with warfarin.
abstract: For the continued development of improved mechanical circulatory systems, longer term evaluation of new devices in animal model experiments may be critical. The effects of anticoagulants in adult goats have not been well studied. We assessed the effects of oral warfarin in three adult goats during fasting or after feeding. The goats [weighing 57.8 ± 8.1 kg (53.0-67.2 kg)] were administered warfarin orally beginning at a dose of 5 mg/day and then increasing to 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg every 2 weeks. One goat (receiving 10 mg/day warfarin) was killed on day 27 because of the inability to stand. After administration of 60 mg warfarin, the remaining goat received no warfarin for 4 days to return to coagulated state. The goats were then fasted and treated with 40 mg warfarin. During warfarin administration, both goats required a dose of 60 mg/day to achieve International Normalized Ratios (INRs) of approximately 2.5; however, when, the animals were in the fasted condition, precipitous extension of INR was observed in 5 days. After resuming feeding, the INR was reduced to the proper range. We showed the tendency that warfarin therapy in goats required higher doses than the doses administered to human patients and that the effects of therapy were related to the feeding state. The results of this study provide important information for development of anticoagulation protocols to assess mechanical circulatory support devices for long-term use in preclinical examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. miracle5jp@yahoo.co.jp.|Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. miracle5jp@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Date
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. satkishimoto@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Konomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Togo
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takewa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014859:Warfarin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin
keywords: Anticoagulation warfarin; Feeding state; Mechanical circulatory device
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