title: Determination of selected synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites by micellar electrokinetic chromatography--mass spectrometry employing perfluoroheptanoic acid-based micellar phase.
abstract: Perfluoroheptanoic acid was employed as a volatile micellar phase in background electrolyte for micellar electrokinetic chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry separation and determination of 15 selected naphthoyl- and phenylacetylindole- synthetic cannabinoids and main metabolites derived from JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-073, JWH-200 and JWH-250. The influence of concentration of perfluoroheptanoic acid in background electrolytes on the separation was studied as well as the influence of perfluoroheptanoic acid on mass spectrometry detection. The background electrolyte consisted of 75 mM perfluoroheptanoic acid, 150 mM ammonium hydroxide pH 9.2 with 10% (v/v) propane-2-ol allowed micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation together with mass spectrometry identification of the studied parent synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites. The limits of detection of studied synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites were in the range from 0.9 ng/mL for JWH-073 to 3.0 ng/mL for JWH-200 employing liquid-liquid extraction. The developed method was applied on the separation and identification of studied analytes after liquid-liquid extraction of spiked urine and serum samples to demonstrate the potential of the method applicability for forensic and toxicological purposes.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical, Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc CZ-77146, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Švidrnoch
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical, Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc CZ-77146, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Přibylka
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical, Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc CZ-77146, Czech Republic. Electronic address: vitezslav.maier@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Vítězslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods; D008823:Micelles; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D008823:Micelles; C101815:perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid
keywords: Biological fluid; Metabolites; Micellar electrokinetic chromatography; Perfluoroheptanoic acid; Synthetic cannabinoid; Tandem mass spectrometry