title: The effects of smoking on dry eye parameters in healthy women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of chronic smoking on dry eye parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and tear function tests such as Schirmer's test, tear break-up-time (TBUT) test and impression cytology of 63 female chronic smokers and 40 age-matched female non-smokers were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean OSDI scores, Schirmer test results and TBUT levels were 35.85 ± 24.01 point, 14.25 ± 5.94 mm and 5.17 ± 2.85 s in chronic smokers and 15.20 ± 12.93 point, 15.48 ± 7.01 mm and 10.03 ± 3.44 s in non-smokers, respectively. Differences in OSDI scores, TBUT levels and impression cytology grades among the chronic smokers and non-smokers were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking behavior seems to affect the dry eye parameters negatively.
authors.affiliation: a Ophthalmology Department , Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Damla
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erginturk Acar
authors.affiliation: b Ophthalmology Department , Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: a Ophthalmology Department , Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Zuhal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ozen Tunay
authors.affiliation: a Ophthalmology Department , Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozdemir
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: c Pathology Department , Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Germen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cigarette; dry eye; impression cytology; smoking; tear function tests