title: In vitro evaluation of the risk of inflammatory response after chitosan/HA and chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/HA bone scaffold implantation.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro the risk of inflammatory response induced by chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) and novel chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/hydroxyapatite (chit/glu/HA) bone scaffolds. The inflammatory response was assessed via measurement of proinflammatory cytokine and ROI production by human monocytes, macrophages, and osteoblasts stimulated with investigated scaffolds. Moreover, adsorption of human serum/plasma proteins to the tested materials was determined. Both biomaterials did not induce intracellular ROI generation by monocytes, macrophages, and osteoblasts and did not stimulate proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) production by inflammatory cells. Moreover, the chit/glu/HA material induced increased TNF-α production by osteoblasts that is believed to enhance osteogenic differentiation. Thus, it was demonstrated that chit/HA and chit/glu/HA scaffolds carry a low risk of biomaterial-induced inflammatory response and are promising materials as bone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: agata.przekora@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przekora
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ginalska
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001798:Blood Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D047071:beta-Glucans; D048271:Chitosan; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Biomaterial-induced inflammation; Bone tissue engineering; Fibrinogen; Protein adsorption; Reactive oxygen intermediates; Tumour necrosis factor-alpha