title: Air quality mapping using GIS and economic evaluation of health impact for Mumbai City, India.
abstract: Mumbai, a highly populated city in India, has been selected for air quality mapping and assessment of health impact using monitored air quality data. Air quality monitoring networks in Mumbai are operated by National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), and Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). A monitoring station represents air quality at a particular location, while we need spatial variation for air quality management. Here, air quality monitored data of NEERI and BMC were spatially interpolated using various inbuilt interpolation techniques of ArcGIS. Inverse distance weighting (IDW), Kriging (spherical and Gaussian), and spline techniques have been applied for spatial interpolation for this study. The interpolated results of air pollutants sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were compared with air quality data of MPCB in the same region. Comparison of results showed good agreement for predicted values using IDW and Kriging with observed data. Subsequently, health impact assessment of a ward was carried out based on total population of the ward and air quality monitored data within the ward. Finally, health cost within a ward was estimated on the basis of exposed population. This study helps to estimate the valuation of health damage due to air pollution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operating more air quality monitoring stations for measurement of air quality is highly resource intensive in terms of time and cost. The appropriate spatial interpolation techniques can be used to estimate concentration where air quality monitoring stations are not available. Further, health impact assessment for the population of the city and estimation of economic cost of health damage due to ambient air quality can help to make rational control strategies for environmental management. The total health cost for Mumbai city for the year 2012, with a population of 12.4 million, was estimated as USD8000 million.
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai , India.
authors.forename: Awkash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: b National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Mumbai , India.
authors.forename: Indrani
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: c Department of Environmental Science , Aarhus University , Roskilde , Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: b National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Mumbai , India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai , India.
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dikshit
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai , India.
authors.forename: Rashmi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D002947:Cities; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062489:Health Impact Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter