title: Volumetric limiting spatial resolution analysis of four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography.
abstract: C-Arm CT three-dimensional (3-D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) reconstructions cannot provide temporal information to radiologists. Four-dimensional (4-D) DSA provides a time series of 3-D volumes utilizing temporal dynamics in the two-dimensional (2-D) projections using a constraining image reconstruction approach. Volumetric limiting spatial resolution (VLSR) of 4-D DSA is quantified and compared to a 3-D DSA. The effects of varying 4-D DSA parameters of 2-D projection blurring kernel size and threshold of the 3-D DSA (constraining image) of an in silico phantom (ISPH) and physical phantom (PPH) were investigated. The PPH consisted of a 76-micron tungsten wire. An [Formula: see text] scan protocol acquired the projection data. VLSR was determined from MTF curves generated from each 2-D transverse slice of every (248) 4-D temporal frame. 4-D DSA results for PPH and ISPH were compared to the 3-D DSA. 3-D DSA analysis resulted in a VLSR of 2.28 and [Formula: see text] for ISPH and PPH, respectively. Kernel sizes of either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] with a 3-D DSA constraining image threshold of 10% provided 4-D DSA VLSR nearest to the 3-D DSA. 4-D DSA yielded 2.21 and [Formula: see text] with a percent error of 3.1 and 1.2% for ISPH and PPH, respectively, as compared to 3-D DSA. This research indicates 4-D DSA is capable of retaining the resolution of 3-D DSA.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison , Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison , Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oberstar
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Siemens Medical Solutions, 2501 North Barrington Road, Hoffman Estates, Illinois 60192, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Royalty
authors.affiliation: Siemens Medical Solutions , 2501 North Barrington Road, Hoffman Estates, Illinois 60192, United States.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Way, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Radiology, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mistretta
keywords: C-Arm; CT; four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography; reconstruction; resolution; spatial; temporal
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