title: Pharmacodynamic Effects of Low-Dose Pioglitazone in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome without Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of low-dose pioglitazone on plasma adipocyte-derived cytokines, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Colorado Clinical and Translational Research Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two men and women, aged 30-60 years, without diabetes who had a clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral pioglitazone 7.5 mg daily or matching placebo for 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary end point was the change in plasma high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin level from baseline to week 8. Other end points were changes in plasma total adiponectin, omentin, and hs-CRP levels, and changes in components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., insulin sensitivity) from baseline to week 8. Pioglitazone was associated with a significant increase in plasma HMW adiponectin from baseline to week 8 compared with placebo (+47% vs -10%, p<0.001). Insulin sensitivity increased significantly from baseline to week 8 in the pioglitazone group (+88%, p=0.02) but not in the placebo group (+15%, p=0.14). Change in HMW adiponectin was significantly correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity in the pioglitazone group (r = 0.784, p=0.003). No significant differences in mean percentage changes in plasma total adiponectin, omentin, and hs-CRP levels were observed between the pioglitazone and placebo groups. Likewise, changes in body weight, insulin sensitivity, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure did not differ significantly between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose pioglitazone favorably modulates plasma HMW adiponectin, which was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, in patients with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Anh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kosmiski
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Amber L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beitelshees
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prigeon
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Maha S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sidhom
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Brooke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bredbeck
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Predhomme
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Deininger
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Aquilante
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011446:Prospective Studies; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D037102:Lectins; D008055:Lipids; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone
keywords: adiponectin; low dose; metabolic syndrome; omentin; pioglitazone