title: Overexpression of CXCL3 can enhance the oncogenic potential of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CXCL3 and its receptor CXCR2 were considered to play particularly important roles in the progression of malignancies. However, the investigations about CXCL3/CXCR2 axis in prostate cancer have been poorly involved. Herein we firstly reported our studies on the expression and biological roles of CXCL3 and CXCR2 in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression levels of CXCL3 and CXCR2 in prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP), immortalized prostate stromal cell line (WPMY-1) and immortalized prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1) were investigated by RT-PCR, ELISA and western blot, whereas expression levels of CXCL3 in a prostate tissue microarray were detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell counting kit-8 and transwell assays were, respectively, utilized to determine the effects of exogenous CXCL3 on the cell proliferation and migration. We further examined whether CXCL3 could regulate the expression of genes correlated with prostate tumorigenesis by RT- PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated expression of CXCR2 was detected in DU145, LNCaP and RWPE-1. Moreover, high-level CXCL3 can be secreted by PC-3 and RWPE-1, and CXCL3 protein expression level in tissue microarray is concordant with prostate cancer metastasis. Exogenous CXCL3 does not contribute to proliferation, but has a significant effect on migration of prostate cancer cells and RWPE-1. Finally, our data showed that exogenous CXCL3 can regulate the expression of genes including ERK, TP73, NUMB, BAX and NDRG3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that CXCL3 and its receptor CXCR2 are overexpressed in prostate cancer cells, prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer tissues, which may play multiple roles in prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Li-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Qiu
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University (Xuzhou Cancer Hospital), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lian
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Li-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Mo-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China. wangweiqun1974@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Qun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-3517
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73 / Q000235:genetics; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; C499707:CXCL3 protein, human; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C431706:NDRG3 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C113026:NUMB protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
keywords: CXCL3; CXCR2; Chemokines; Migration; Prostate cancer
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