title: Education and Practice Barriers for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists.
abstract: Of the recognized advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) specialties, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) have historically experienced the most vigorous and organized resistance from outside entities regarding rights to practice to the full scope of their education and experience. Opposition to nurse anesthetists practicing to the full scope of their education and training is present in the clinical arena and educational milieu.
authors.forename: Debra P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.forename: Janice J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Izlar
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000191:economics; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education*; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D014481:United States