title: Epidemiology, Incidence and Mortality of Bladder Cancer and their Relationship with the Development Index in the World.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder cancer is an international public health problem. It is the ninth most common cancer and the fourteenth leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. Given aging populations, the incidence of this cancer is rising. Information on the incidence and mortality of the disease, and their relationship with level of economic development is essential for better planning. The aim of the study was to investigate bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates, and their relationship with the the Human Development Index (HDI) in the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from incidence and mortality rates presented by GLOBOCAN in 2012. Data on HDI and its components were extracted from the global bank site. The number and standardized incidence and mortality rates were reported by regions and the distribution of the disease were drawn in the world. For data analysis, the relationship between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components was measured using correlation coefficients and SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2012, 429,793 bladder cancer cases and 165,084 bladder death cases occurred in the world. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized incidence were Belgium 17.5 per 100,000, Lebanon 16.6/100,000, Malta 15.8/100,000, Turkey 15.2/100,000, and Denmark 14.4/100,000. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized death rates were Turkey 6.6 per 100,000, Egypt 6.5/100,000, Iraq 6.3/100,000, Lebanon 6.3/100,000, and Mali 5.2/100,000. There was a positive linear relationship between the standardized incidence rate and HDI (r=0.653, P<0.001), so that there was a positive correlation between the standardized incidence rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. A positive linear relationship was also noted between the standardized mortality rate and HDI (r=0.308, P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the standardized mortality rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of bladder cancer in developed countries and parts of Africa was higher, while the highest mortality rate was observed in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The program for better treatment in developing countries to reduce mortality from the cancer and more detaiuled studies on the etiology of are essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran E-mail : alesaleh70@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahdavifar
authors.forename: Mahshid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghoncheh
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pakzad
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Momenimovahed
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salehiniya
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*