title: Pharmacogenomic study using bio- and nanobioelectrochemistry: Drug-DNA interaction.
abstract: Small molecules that bind genomic DNA have proven that they can be effective anticancer, antibiotic and antiviral therapeutic agents that affect the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Drug-DNA interaction affects DNA replication and division; causes strand breaks, and mutations. Therefore, the investigation of drug-DNA interaction is needed to understand the mechanism of drug action as well as in designing DNA-targeted drugs. On the other hand, the interaction between DNA and drugs can cause chemical and conformational modifications and, thus, variation of the electrochemical properties of nucleobases. For this purpose, electrochemical methods/biosensors can be used toward detection of drug-DNA interactions. The present paper reviews the drug-DNA interactions, their types and applications of electrochemical techniques used to study interactions between DNA and drugs or small ligand molecules that are potentially of pharmaceutical interest. The results are used to determine drug binding sites and sequence preference, as well as conformational changes due to drug-DNA interactions. Also, the intention of this review is to give an overview of the present state of the drug-DNA interaction cognition. The applications of electrochemical techniques for investigation of drug-DNA interaction were reviewed and we have discussed the type of qualitative or quantitative information that can be obtained from the use of each technique.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: mhmmd_hasanzadeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanochemistry, Nano Technology Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Electronic address: Nasrin.shadjou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shadjou
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053837:DNA Cleavage / Q000187:drug effects; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010597:Pharmacogenetics
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA damage; DNA hybridization; Drug discovery; Drug–DNA interaction; Electrochemical DNA biosensor; Pharmacogenomics