title: Carbazole-pyranocoumarin conjugate and two carbazole alkaloids from the stems of Clausena excavata.
abstract: A carbazole-pyranocoumarin conjugate, carbazomarin B (1), and two carbazole alkaloids, 6-methoxymukonidine (2) and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbazole (3), together with 27 known compounds (4-30), were isolated from the stems of Clausena excavata. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compound 2 showed moderate cytotoxicity to HuCCA-1, MOLT-3 and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 15.09-28.50 μg/mL, but none to A549 cell line. Heptaphylline (6) and nordentatin (23) were found to show moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of 12.33 and 11.33, respectively, while clausine K (27) exhibited strong cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 1.05 μg/mL, better than a standard drug (etoposide, IC50 13.40 μg/mL).
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.|b Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.|c Natural Product Research Center of Excellence , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Suda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakthong
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.|b Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Nitima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bindulem
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirorat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raknai
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Sariya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yodwaree
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Soonthorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaewsanee
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Agro-Industry, Department of Industrial Biotechnology , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Akkharawit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanjana-Opas
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054700:Clausena / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D039681:Pyranocoumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002227:Carbazoles; D039681:Pyranocoumarins; C557424:heptaphylline
keywords: Clausena excavata; Rutaceae; carbazole alkaloids; cytotoxic activity