title: Global Prevalence of Past-year Violence Against Children: A Systematic Review and Minimum Estimates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence confirms associations between childhood violence and major causes of mortality in adulthood. A synthesis of data on past-year prevalence of violence against children will help advance the United Nations' call to end all violence against children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigators systematically reviewed population-based surveys on the prevalence of past-year violence against children and synthesized the best available evidence to generate minimum regional and global estimates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched Medline, PubMed, Global Health, NBASE, CINAHL, and the World Wide Web for reports of representative surveys estimating prevalences of violence against children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two investigators independently assessed surveys against inclusion criteria and rated those included on indicators of quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Investigators extracted data on past-year prevalences of violent victimization by country, age group, and type (physical, sexual, emotional, or multiple types). We used a triangulation approach which synthesized data to generate minimum regional prevalences, derived from population-weighted averages of the country-specific prevalences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight reports provided quality data for 96 countries on past-year prevalences of violence against children. Base case estimates showed a minimum of 50% or more of children in Asia, Africa, and Northern America experienced past-year violence, and that globally over half of all children-1 billion children, ages 2-17 years-experienced such violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to variations in timing and types of violence reported, triangulation could only be used to generate minimum prevalence estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expanded population-based surveillance of violence against children is essential to target prevention and drive the urgent investment in action endorsed in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and shillis@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hillis
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention;
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Adaugo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amobi
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention;
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kress
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000639:trends; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014754:Violence / Q000639:trends*
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