title: Microparticle Shedding from Neural Progenitor Cells and Vascular Compartment Cells Is Increased in Ischemic Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic stroke has shown to induce platelet and endothelial microparticle shedding, but whether stroke induces microparticle shedding from additional blood and vascular compartment cells is unclear. Neural precursor cells have been shown to replace dying neurons at sites of brain injury; however, if neural precursor cell activation is associated to microparticle shedding, and whether this activation is maintained at long term and associates to stroke type and severity remains unknown. We analyzed neural precursor cells and blood and vascular compartment cells microparticle shedding after an acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients were included in the study within the first 48h after the onset of stroke. The cerebral lesion size was evaluated at 3-7 days of the stroke. Circulating microparticles from neural precursor cells and blood and vascular compartment cells (platelets, endothelial cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and smooth muscle cells) were analyzed by flow cytometry at the onset of stroke and at 7 and 90 days. Forty-four age-matched high cardiovascular risk subjects without documented vascular disease were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to high cardiovascular risk controls, patients showed higher number of neural precursor cell- and all blood and vascular compartment cell-derived microparticles at the onset of stroke, and after 7 and 90 days. At 90 days, neural precursor cell-derived microparticles decreased and smooth muscle cell-derived microparticles increased compared to levels at the onset of stroke, but only in those patients with the highest stroke-induced cerebral lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke increases blood and vascular compartment cell and neural precursor cell microparticle shedding, an effect that is chronically maintained up to 90 days after the ischemic event. These results show that stroke induces a generalized blood and vascular cell activation and the initiation of neuronal cell repair process after stroke. Larger cerebral lesions associate with deeper vessel injury affecting vascular smooth muscle cells.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiva-Blanch
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suades
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Padró
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Xarrié
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martí-Fàbregas
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badimon
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology
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