title: New Derivatives of Pyridoxine Exhibit High Antibacterial Activity against Biofilm-Embedded Staphylococcus Cells.
abstract: Opportunistic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis often form rigid biofilms on tissues and inorganic surfaces. In the biofilm bacterial cells are embedded in a self-produced polysaccharide matrix and thereby are inaccessible to biocides, antibiotics, or host immune system. Here we show the antibacterial activity of newly synthesized cationic biocides, the quaternary ammonium, and bisphosphonium salts of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) against biofilm-embedded Staphylococci. The derivatives of 6-hydroxymethylpyridoxine were ineffective against biofilm-embedded S. aureus and S. epidermidis at concentrations up to 64 μg/mL, although all compounds tested exhibited low MICs (2 μg/mL) against planktonic cells. In contrast, the quaternary ammonium salt of pyridoxine (N,N-dimethyl-N-((2,2,8-trimethyl-4H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)methyl)octadecan-1-aminium chloride (3)) demonstrated high biocidal activity against both planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacteria. Thus, the complete death of biofilm-embedded S. aureus and S. epidermidis cells was obtained at concentrations of 64 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. We suggest that the quaternary ammonium salts of pyridoxine are perspective to design new synthetic antibiotics and disinfectants for external application against biofilm-embedded cells.
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Airat R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kayumov
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Aliya A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nureeva
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena Yu
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Trizna
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Guzel R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gazizova
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Professor Popov Street 5, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Bogachev
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Nikita V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Shtyrlin
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Pugachev
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sapozhnikov
authors.affiliation: Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Yurii G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Shtyrlin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011736:Pyridoxine
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