title: Brachial vessel injuries: high morbidity and low mortality injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports of arterial injuries from both the civilian and military arenas report the brachial artery as the most frequently injured vessel, accounting for approximately 25-33% of all peripheral arterial injuries. The brachial artery is surrounded by important peripheral nerves -the median, ulnar and radial, and also parallels the humerus and associated veins. Due to its close proximity to these structures, associated nerve and osseous injuries are frequent with residual neuropathy from such nerve injuries, often the main sources of permanent disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of the literature, with emphasis in the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of these injuries, incorporating the authors experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morbidity and mortality rates associated with brachial artery injuries depend on the cause of the injury itself, which vein or tendon is injured, and whether musculoskeletal and nerve injuries are also present. During the last 20 years, amputation associated with upper extremity arterial injuries has decreased to a rate of 3% because of advances in the treatment of shock, the use of antibiotic therapy, and increased surgical experience.
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA. jasensio@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA.
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Mazzini
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sciarretta
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ksycki
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Ryder Trauma Center, 1800 NW 10 Avenue Suite T-247, Miami, FL, 33136-1018, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pizano
keywords: Upper extremity; Vascular trauma
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