title: Rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations and risk populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article discusses recent findings into the mechanisms that determine how viruses trigger asthma exacerbations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. This includes new insights into the role of bacteria, the regulation of interferon responses, and the discovery of innate immune pathways that link viral infections with allergic inflammation. Progress has also been made in elucidating the genetic risk factors for asthma exacerbations, most notably the contribution of the ORMDL3/GSDMB locus on 17q, the mechanisms underlying the farming effect, and the discovery that CDHR3 binds to rhinovirus species C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asthma exacerbations are heterogeneous conditions that involve the complex interplay between environmental exposures and innate and adaptive immune function in genetically predisposed individuals. Recent insights into the interrelationships between these factors provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: aTelethon Kids Institute, West Perth bSchool of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Ingrid A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosco
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D000094524:Gasdermins
chemical_list: D007372:Interferons; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C527978:GSDMB protein, human; D000094524:Gasdermins; C464399:ORMDL3 protein, human