title: Dietary flavonoid intake and weight maintenance: three prospective cohorts of 124,086 US men and women followed for up to 24 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether dietary intake of specific flavonoid subclasses (including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and flavonoid polymers) is associated with weight change over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three prospective cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health professionals in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  124,086 men and women participating in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), Nurses' Health Study (NHS), and Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Self reported change in weight over multiple four year time intervals between 1986 and 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased consumption of most flavonoid subclasses, including flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and flavonoid polymers, was inversely associated with weight change over four year time intervals, after adjustment for simultaneous changes in other lifestyle factors including other aspects of diet, smoking status, and physical activity. In the pooled results, the greatest magnitude of association was observed for anthocyanins (-0.23 (95% confidence interval -0.30 to -0.15) lbs per additional standard deviation/day, 10 mg), flavonoid polymers (-0.18 (-0.28 to -0.08) lbs per additional SD/day, 138 mg), and flavonols (-0.16 (-0.26 to -0.06) lbs per additional SD/day, 7 mg). After additional adjustment for fiber intake, associations remained significant for anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and total flavonoid polymers but were attenuated and no longer statistically significant for other subclasses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher intake of foods rich in flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and flavonoid polymers may contribute to weight maintenance in adulthood and may help to refine dietary recommendations for the prevention of obesity and its potential consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston mbertoia@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bertoia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston.
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mukamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston.
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston.
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Aedín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassidy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015930:Diet Records; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000097:blood; D047309:Flavones / Q000097:blood; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000097:blood*; D044948:Flavonols / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D047309:Flavones; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols
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