title: Correction of Gradient Nonlinearity Bias in Quantitative Diffusion Parameters of Renal Tissue with Intra Voxel Incoherent Motion.
abstract: Spatially non-uniform diffusion weighting bias due to gradient nonlinearity (GNL) causes substantial errors in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for anatomical regions imaged distant from magnet isocenter. Our previously-described approach allowed effective removal of spatial ADC bias from three orthogonal DWI measurements for mono-exponential media of arbitrary anisotropy. The present work evaluates correction feasibility and performance for quantitative diffusion parameters of the two-component IVIM model for well-perfused and nearly isotropic renal tissue. Sagittal kidney DWI scans of a volunteer were performed on a clinical 3T MRI scanner near isocenter and offset superiorly. Spatially non-uniform diffusion weighting due to GNL resulted both in shift and broadening of perfusion-suppressed ADC histograms for off-center DWI relative to unbiased measurements close to isocenter. Direction-average DW-bias correctors were computed based on the known gradient design provided by vendor. The computed bias maps were empirically confirmed by coronal DWI measurements for an isotropic gel-flood phantom. Both phantom and renal tissue ADC bias for off-center measurements was effectively removed by applying pre-computed 3D correction maps. Comparable ADC accuracy was achieved for corrections of bothb-maps and DWI intensities in presence of IVIM perfusion. No significant bias impact was observed for IVIM perfusion fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Dariya I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Malyarenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Yuxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Philips Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senegas
authors.affiliation: Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marko K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ivancevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chenevert
keywords: IVIM diffusion; gradient nonlinearity bias; non-uniform diffusion weighting; perfusion-suppressed ADC
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