title: Experimental design of membrane sensor for selective determination of phenazopyridine hydrochloride based on computational calculations.
abstract: Computational study has been done electronically and geometrically to select the most suitable ionophore to design a novel sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for phenazopyridine hydrochloride (PAP). This study has revealed that sodium tetraphenylbarate (NaTPB) fits better with PAP than potassium tetrakis (KTClPB). The sensor design is based on the ion pair of PAP with NaTPB using dioctyl phthalate as a plasticizer. Under optimum conditions, the proposed sensor shows the slope of 59.5 mV per concentration decade in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10(-2)-1.0 × 10(-5) M with detection limit 8.5 × 10(-6) M. The sensor exhibits a very good selectivity for PAP with respect to a large number of interfering species as inorganic cations and sugars. The sensor enables track of determining PAP in the presence of its oxidative degradation product 2, 3, 6-Triaminopyridine, which is also its toxic metabolite. The proposed sensor has been successfully applied for the selective determination of PAP in pharmaceutical formulation. Also, the obtained results have been statistically compared to a reported electrochemical method indicating no significant difference between the investigated method and the reported one with respect to accuracy and precision.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khalid A M
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nasr M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: El-Abasawi
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: Ahmed.hussienabdelazim@hotmil.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Abdel-Azim
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D007474:Ion Exchange; D010621:Phenazopyridine / Q000032:analysis*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D012107:Research Design; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D002412:Cations; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D010968:Plasticizers; D013607:Tablets; D010621:Phenazopyridine
keywords: Computational studies; Ion selective electrode; Phenazopyridine hydrochloride; Stability-indicating method; Tetraphenyl borate