title: Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory in Patients With Low Back Pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional psychometric testing in a sample of patients with low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the construct, convergent, and discriminative validity of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) in patients with LBP.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The BPI was originally developed to assess cancer pain. Currently, it is commonly used to measure pain intensity and pain interference in patients with malignant or nonmalignant pain. However, the two-factor construct of the BPI has not been confirmed in an LBP population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 271 patients with LBP completed the BPI and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires. The construct validity (i.e., the two-factor structure: intensity scale and interference scale) of the BPI was determined by confirmatory factor analysis. The convergent validity was investigated by examining the relationships between the BPI scales and the ODI scores. The discriminative validity of the BPI was examined by testing if the BPI scale scores differed among groups of patients with different levels of disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis partially confirmed the two-factor structure of the BPI for use in patients with LBP. The convergent validity of the BPI was supported by its moderate correlation between the interference scale and the ODI score (ρ = 0.66, P < 0.001), and by its low correlation between the intensity scale and the ODI score (ρ = 0.39, P < 0.001). Finally, both the intensity scale and the interference scale discriminated among patients with varying levels of disability (both P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two-factor structure of the BPI as a measure of pain intensity and interference in patients with LBP was partially confirmed. Furthermore, our results lend some supports to the convergent validity and discriminative validity of the BPI.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, Taipei College of Maritime Technology, New Taipei City.
authors.forename: Chen-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital.
authors.forename: Shih-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung.
authors.forename: Hung-Chia
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital.
authors.forename: Ching-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
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