title: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), measuring task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior, was developed in The Netherlands.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To cross-culturally adapt the IWPQ from the Dutch to the American-English language, and assess the questionnaire's internal consistency and content validity in the American-English context.
  
  
  METHODS
  A five stage translation and adaptation process was used: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pilot-testing. During the pilot-testing, cognitive interviews with 40 American workers were performed, to examine the comprehensibility, applicability, and completeness of the American-English IWPQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaire instructions were slightly modified to aid interpretation in the American-English language. Inconsistencies with verb tense were identified, and it was decided to consistently use simple past tense. The wording of five items was modified to better suit the American-English language. In general, participants were positive on the comprehensibility, applicability and completeness of the questionnaire during the pilot-testing phase. Furthermore, the study showed positive results concerning the internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas for the scales between 0.79-0.89) and content validity of the American-English IWPQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the cross-cultural adaptation of the American-English IWPQ was successful and that the measurement properties of the translated version are promising.
authors.affiliation: Body@Work, Research Center for Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Expertise Center Life Style, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.affiliation: Body@Work, Research Center for Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Expertise Center Life Style, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claire M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bernaards
authors.affiliation: Body@Work, Research Center for Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Expertise Center Life Style, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.affiliation: The Program on Health, Work and Productivity, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.affiliation: Body@Work, Research Center for Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henrica C W
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.affiliation: Body@Work, Research Center for Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Allard J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Beek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D032882:Comprehension; D054521:Cultural Competency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D014481:United States; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Job performance; psychometrics; scale; translation; validation