title: Central Gain Restores Auditory Processing following Near-Complete Cochlear Denervation.
abstract: Sensory organ damage induces a host of cellular and physiological changes in the periphery and the brain. Here, we show that some aspects of auditory processing recover after profound cochlear denervation due to a progressive, compensatory plasticity at higher stages of the central auditory pathway. Lesioning >95% of cochlear nerve afferent synapses, while sparing hair cells, in adult mice virtually eliminated the auditory brainstem response and acoustic startle reflex, yet tone detection behavior was nearly normal. As sound-evoked responses from the auditory nerve grew progressively weaker following denervation, sound-evoked activity in the cortex-and, to a lesser extent, the midbrain-rebounded or surpassed control levels. Increased central gain supported the recovery of rudimentary sound features encoded by firing rate, but not features encoded by precise spike timing such as modulated noise or speech. These findings underscore the importance of central plasticity in the perceptual sequelae of cochlear hearing impairment.
authors.affiliation: Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Resnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Yasheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitton
authors.affiliation: Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Albert S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.affiliation: Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M Charles
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.affiliation: Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: polley@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Polley
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D003051:Cochlea / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003714:Denervation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000378:metabolism; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C051774:neurofilament protein H; D010042:Ouabain; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2
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