title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy: A systematic review of 590 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of symptomatic biliary disease during pregnancy ranges from 0.05 to 8%. Cholecystectomy is one of the common operations performed during pregnancy and laparoscopic approach has gained popularity as an attractive alternative to open surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to evaluate the safety, feasibility, outcomes and technical aspects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy a comprehensive search of Medline and Cohrane Library databases was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one studies were deemed eligible, in which laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted in 590 patients. The majority of the procedures (70.7%) were performed during the second trimester. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed in 3.5% and 4% of the study population. Conversion rate to open surgery was 2.2%. Fetal loss rate and preterm delivery rate were 0.4% and 5.7% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems to be a safe alternative to open surgery during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nasioudis
authors.affiliation: Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Diamantis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsilimigras
authors.affiliation: Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Konstantinos P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Economopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D061887:Conversion to Open Surgery; D005260:Female; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Cholecystectomy; Laparoscopy; Pregnancy