title: Prevention of the exposure by cyclophosphamide oral tablet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unintended exposure to antitumor agents from an oral medicine may place healthcare workers and patients taking medicine at risk. In this study, the exposure to blister pack by CP (cyclophosphamide) and appropriate preventive procedures were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CP detected inside the blister pack of the tested seven lots by LC-MS/MS ranged from 8.2 to 199.6 ng. Raman imaging clearly showed that CP ingredient was completely covered by the tablet coating layer and had not leached out of the tablet. In addition, the amount of CP detected inside the vials was suppressed under the lower detection limit until day 28, and only 6.0 ng was detected only at day 56.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various amounts of CP were contaminated to not only the inside of the blister pack but also the outside. This contamination may be caused not only by the manufacturing environment but also by the CP oral tablets themselves through volatilization of CP. Refrigerated storage of CP oral tablets may protect healthcare workers and patients from contact with CP.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan ; Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan.
authors.forename: Takae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Muscat Pharmacy, 1290-1 Tamasu, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1154 Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oro
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan ; Muscat Pharmacy, 1290-1 Tamasu, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1154 Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Muscat Pharmacy, 1290-1 Tamasu, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1154 Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyasu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanemitsu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamahara
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Muscat Pharmacy, 1290-1 Tamasu, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1154 Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egawa
keywords: Blister pack; Cyclophosphamide; Oral tablet
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