title: Anti-steatotic and anti-inflammatory roles of syringic acid in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: This study examined the effects of syringic acid (SA) on obese diet-induced hepatic dysfunction. Mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) with or without SA (0.05%, wt/wt) for 16 weeks. SA reduced the body weight, visceral fat mass, serum levels of leptin, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6 and MCP-1, insulin resistance, hepatic lipid content, droplets and early fibrosis, whereas it elevated the circulation of adiponectin. SA down-regulated lipogenic genes (Cidea, Pparγ, Srebp-1c, Srebp-2, Hmgcr, Fasn) and inflammatory genes (Tlr4, Myd88, NF-κB, Tnfα, Il6), whereas it up-regulated fatty acid oxidation genes (Pparα, Acsl, Cpt1, Cpt2) in the liver. SA also decreased hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities and elevated fatty acid oxidation enzyme activities relative to the HFD group. These findings suggested that dietary SA possesses anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and anti-steatotic effects via the regulation of lipid metabolic and inflammatory genes. SA is likely to be a new natural therapeutic agent for obesity or non-alcoholic liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea. leemk@sunchon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ju Ri
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Mokpo Marin Food-Industry Research Center, Mokpo, 58621, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-In
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea. leemk@sunchon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ra-Yeong
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Jeollanamdo Development Institute of Korean Traditional Medicine, Jangheung, 59338, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwon-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea. leemk@sunchon.ac.kr and Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, Suncheon, 57922, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047493:PPAR alpha; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D005707:Gallic Acid; C001945:syringic acid