title: The relationships between heart rate deceleration capacity and spectral indices of heart rate variability during different breathing frequencies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The frequency of breathing influences the spectral powers of heart rate variability (HRV) as well as the magnitudes of heart rate deceleration capacity (DC) and acceleration capacity (AC). We compared the strength of their relationships under different breathing frequencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 14 healthy young adults who breathed spontaneously and controlled their breathing rates to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 Hz in a supine position. A 5-min R-R interval time series without movement artefacts or ectopic beats was obtained for each study period. Spectral indices were defined as the square roots of spectral powers in the very low frequency (0.01-0.04 Hz), low frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency (0.15-0.4 Hz) and respiratory frequency bands. We also combined these frequency bands into LHF (0.04-0.4 Hz) and VLHF (0.01-0.4 Hz). DC and AC were obtained using phase rectified signal averaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DC and AC were significantly correlated with all indices of HRV. The within-subject correlation coefficients for the LHF index had the greatest absolute values (0.953 and -0.919, respectively). DC and AC had different strength of relationships with the LHF index, but became comparable (0.954 vs. -0.943) when the data obtained under 0.1-Hz breathing were excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DC is strongly correlated with the spectral index of the LHF band, indicating that they are controlled by similar influences under the conditions used in this study. AC is less related to the LHF index due to the fact that its magnitude deceases during 0.1-Hz breathing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yong-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.|Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Division of Translational Medicine, Stroke and Neurovascular Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Terry B J
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.|Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.|Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. cchyang@ym.edu.tw.|Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. cchyang@ym.edu.tw.|Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. cchyang@ym.edu.tw.|Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. cchyang@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Cheryl C H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D000070276:Heart Rate Determination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D065809:Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Acceleration; Deceleration; Heart rate; Respiration; Spectral analysis
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