title: A Specific Transitory Increase in Intracellular Calcium Induced by Progesterone Promotes Acrosomal Exocytosis in Mouse Sperm.
abstract: During capacitation, sperm acquire the ability to undergo the acrosome reaction (AR), an essential step in fertilization. Progesterone produced by cumulus cells has been associated with various physiological processes in sperm, including stimulation of AR. An increase in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) is necessary for AR to occur. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal correlation between the changes in [Ca(2+)]i and AR in single mouse spermatozoa in response to progesterone. We found that progesterone stimulates an [Ca(2+)]i increase in five different patterns: gradual increase, oscillatory, late transitory, immediate transitory, and sustained. We also observed that the [Ca(2+)]i increase promoted by progesterone starts at either the flagellum or the head. We validated the use of FM4-64 as an indicator for the occurrence of the AR by simultaneously detecting its fluorescence increase and the loss of EGFP in transgenic EGFPAcr sperm. For the first time, we have simultaneously visualized the rise in [Ca(2+)]i and the process of exocytosis in response to progesterone and found that only a specific transitory increase in [Ca(2+)]i originating in the sperm head promotes the initiation of AR.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romarowski
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Héctor V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lis del C
authors.initials: Ldel C
authors.lastname: Puga Molina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Claudia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Treviño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México darszon@ibt.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darszon
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina mgbuffone@ibyme.conicet.gov.ar.
authors.forename: Mariano G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Buffone
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C092350:FM 4-64; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D011374:Progesterone; D002118:Calcium
keywords: acrosomal exocytosis; calcium; progesterone; sperm
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