title: Postprandial Changes in Chemokines Related to Early Atherosclerotic Processes in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, which contribute to an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis in these patients. We studied the response of chemokines related to early atherosclerotic processes during an oral unsaturated fat load test (OFLT) in patients with heterozygous FH and compared this response to normolipidemic and normoglycemic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken from 12 FH patients and 20 healthy controls with a similar age, gender distribution, and body mass index. Plasma chemokine levels were determined in both groups in a fasting state and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after an OFLT using human cytokine multiplex kits (Linco) and a Luminex LABScan™100 system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the fasting state MIP-1β, MIP-1α, IP-10, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IL-8 were significantly increased in the FH group compared to the healthy controls (p <0.05). In addition, a significant decrease in postprandial chemokine plasma values were found in the FH group compared to fasting values after the OFLT. In normolipidemic nondiabetic controls no significant changes were found in the postprandial state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a postprandial decrease in chemokines related to early atherosclerotic processes after an OFLT in FH patients. These results confirm the influence of dietary patterns in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ivorra
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez-Hervás
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González-Albert
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artero
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ascaso
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jtreal@uv.es.
authors.forename: José T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Real
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chaves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
keywords: Chemokines; Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; Oral fat load test; Postprandial state; Unsaturated fat