title: Cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the umbilicus: Case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shunt catheters within the peritoneal cavity have migrated through and perforated almost all the intra-abdominal hollow viscera. An umbilical cerebrospinal fluid fistula following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is an extremely rare complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 8-month-old infant who presented with leak of clear fluid from the umbilicus, seven months after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. We could not see distal tip of the shunt on examination. After the operation, the patient's follow-up was uneventful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct effect of CSF and VP shunt, such as chronic irrigation, silicon allergy, foreign body reaction, may cause sterile inflammation on the abdominal structures and this inflammation may soften tissue and cause CFS leakage and VP shunt extrusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the distal tip detected on umbilical region, these patients should be examined frequently for umbilical shunt pathologies, especially infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilyas
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dolas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan Ogunc
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Apaydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyho Cem
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yucetas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Davut
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ucar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilinc
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey. Electronic address: necati_ucler@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Necati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ucler
keywords: Hydrocephalus; Umbilical fistula; Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
references.citation: Pediatr Neurosurg. 2007;43(5):396-8
references.pmid: 17786005
references.citation: Br J Neurosurg. 2006 Aug;20(4):244-6
references.pmid: 16954078
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1993 Apr;28(4):630-1
references.pmid: 8483082
references.citation: Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006 Nov;148(11):1205-7; discussion 1207
references.pmid: 16998664
references.citation: Childs Nerv Syst. 2006 Nov;22(11):1509-10
references.pmid: 16937141
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1975 Oct;43(4):481-2
references.pmid: 1159486
references.citation: Surg Neurol. 1979 Aug;12(2):129-30
references.pmid: 515904