title: High-performance dendritic contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography imaging using potent tetraiodobenzene derivatives.
abstract: The use of computed tomography (CT) for vascular imaging is critical in medical emergencies requiring urgent diagnostic decisions, such as cerebral ischemia and many cardiovascular diseases. Small-molecule iodinated contrast media are often injected intravenously as radiopaque agents during CT imaging to achieve high contrast enhancement of vascular systems. The rapid excretion rate of these agents is overcome by injecting a significantly high dose of iodine, which can have serious side effects. Here we report a simple method to prepare blood-pool contrast agents for CT based on dendrimers for the first time using tetraiodobenzene derivatives as potent radiopaque moieties. Excellent in vivo safety has been demonstrated for these small (13-22nm) unimolecular water-soluble dendritic contrast agents, which exhibit high contrast enhancement in the blood-pool and effectively extend their blood half-lives. Our method is applicable to virtually any scaffold with suitable surface groups and may fulfill the current need for safer, next-generation iodinated CT contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Youn
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chaewoon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gil-Tae
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.affiliation: Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Kon
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Eog
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ykim@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Yoonkyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007462:Iodobenzenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009757:Nylons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D050091:Dendrimers; D007462:Iodobenzenes; D009757:Nylons; C520550:PAMAM-G4
keywords: Computed tomography; Dendrimers; In vivo imaging; Iodinated contrast agents; Nanomedicine