title: [Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in oropharyngeal streptococci in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in those with asthma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify oropharyngeal Streptococcus species and to analyze the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in patients with asthma and in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental diagnostic Streptopol+ (Lytech Co. LTD) panel based on a multiplex real-time PCR was applied to investigate the representation of antimicrobial resistance genes (mef and ermB) and the species composition of streptococci isolated from oropharyngeal swab samples from 89 patients with stable COPD and from 51 patients with asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the stable disease period, the oropharyngeal swabs were found to contain Streptococcus pneumoniae in 7.8% of the patients with asthma and in 6.74% of those with COPD; the common feature of these groups was a tendency towards a severe disease course and recurrent exacerbations requiring antibiotics. S. pyogenus was detected in 42.9% of the oropharyngeal swabs from COPD and asthma patients without exacerbations. The oropharyngeal swabs showed the mef gene in 100% of the patients with asthma and in 100% of those with COPD; the ermB gene was encountered in 91% of the patients with COPD and in 82.4% of those with asthma. The COPD patients displayed a direct correlation between the representation of the ermB gene and sputum production and smoking index. The mef and ermB genes were directly correlated with the frequency of exacerbations in patients with COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identified streptococci are a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants - the mef and ermB genes encoding the mechanisms of streptococcal macrolide resistance. The representation of the above genes directly correlates with the frequency of exacerbations and the number of antimicrobial drug uses.
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Fedosenko
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ogorodova
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ilyina
authors.affiliation: Lytech Co., LTD, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Senina
authors.affiliation: Lytech Co., LTD, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lisitsina
authors.affiliation: A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karnaushkina
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal (Volga Region) University, Ministry of Education of Science of Russia, Kazan, Moscow.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kostryukova
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal (Volga Region) University, Ministry of Education of Science of Russia, Kazan, Moscow.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Govorun
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Deev
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kulikov
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kirillova