title: Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus mono- and co-cultures based on volatile biomarker combinations.
abstract: Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in exhaled breath is proposed as a non-invasive method to detect respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Since polymicrobial infections are common, we assessed whether we could distinguish Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus mono- and co-cultures using the VOC emissions. We took headspace samples of P. aeruginosa, A. fumigatus and co-cultures at 16, 24 and 48 h after inoculation, in which VOCs were identified by thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Using multivariate analysis by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis we found distinct VOC biomarker combinations for mono- and co-cultures at each sampling time point, showing that there is an interaction between the two pathogens, with P. aeruginosa dominating the co-culture at 48 h. Furthermore, time-independent VOC biomarker combinations were also obtained to predict correct identification of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus in mono-culture and in co-culture. This study shows that the VOC combinations in P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus co-microbial environment are different from those released by these pathogens in mono-culture. Using advanced data analysis techniques such as PLS-DA, time-independent pathogen specific biomarker combinations can be generated that may help to detect mixed respiratory infections in exhaled breath of cystic fibrosis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of molecular and laser physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Department of Paediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Neerincx
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.affiliation: Department of molecular and laser physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M F J
authors.initials: MFJ
authors.lastname: Habets
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Booij
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: L M C
authors.initials: LMC
authors.lastname: Buydens
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Ingen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.affiliation: Department of molecular and laser physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: F J M
authors.initials: FJM
authors.lastname: Harren
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wevers
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Department of Paediatrics, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J F M
authors.initials: PJFM
authors.lastname: Merkus
authors.affiliation: Department of molecular and laser physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cristescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: L A J
authors.initials: LAJ
authors.lastname: Kluijtmans
mesh_terms: D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D045853:Exhalation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds