title: Recent advances in the use of Anti-TNFα therapy for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) encompasses a group of diseases of unknown etiology having in common arthritis in at least 1 joint that persists for 6 weeks and begins before 16 years of age, with other conditions excluded. With a prevalence of 1 per 1,000 children in the USA, JIA is the most common pediatric rheumatic illness and a major cause of acquired childhood disability. During the last 20 years, the advent of host immune response modifiers known as biologic agents, in particular the anti-TNFα agents (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), which directly inhibit the action of pro-inflammatory mediators, has revolutionized the treatment and the expected outcome of JIA. This article highlights treatment indications of anti-TNFα drugs and their more frequent side effects in JIA patients.
authors.affiliation: a Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taddio
authors.affiliation: b Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Pediatric Clinic , University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia , Brescia , Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cattalini
authors.affiliation: c Anna Meyer Childrens Hosp , Florence , Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonini
authors.affiliation: c Anna Meyer Childrens Hosp , Florence , Italy.
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cimaz
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D000068800:Etanercept / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept
keywords: Adalimumab; Anti-TNFα agents; Etanercept; Infliximab; Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Side effects