title: Evaluation of a transcutaneous method to assess canine liver function by indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate in healthy adult Beagle dogs.
abstract: A non-invasive, transcutaneous method using near infrared spectroscopy to assess indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR) in healthy dogs subjected to different conditions was evaluated in eight healthy purpose-bred Beagles under isoflurane-anaesthesia (Trial 1) and when they had initially recovered from anaesthesia (Trial 2). Plasma ICG concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 30 min after rapid ICG injection (0.5 mg/kg) into a peripheral vein were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in parallel with transcutaneous measurements. ICG clearance (mL/min/kg) and retention rate after 15 min (R15, %) were calculated from plasma concentrations to be 3.09 ± 0.83 (mean ± SD) and 30.6 ± 8.3 in anaesthetised dogs and 3.63 ± 0.88 and 28.1 ± 7.3 in recovering dogs, respectively. ICG-PDR (%/min) and R15 (%) obtained using the transcutaneous method were 7.11 ± 3.18 and 34.6 ± 12.4 (Trial 1) and 7.79 ± 3.33 and 32.3 ± 9.2 (Trial 2). The coefficients of determination (r(2)) for ICG clearance and ICG-PDR were 0.14 (Trial 1) and 0.81 (Trial 2) and 0.47 (Trial 1) and 0.29 (Trial 2) for R15, respectively. The mean bias (lower, upper limit of agreement) for R15 were 5.6 (-12.3, 23.5) (Trial 1) and 3.9 (-12.4, 20.1) (Trial 2). The results suggest good agreement between the two methods in dogs recovering from isoflurane-anaesthesia and the transcutaneous method might be useful in real-time assessment of liver function in conscious dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, PO Box 59 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Grobelna
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, PO Box 59 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honkavaara
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, PO Box 59 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Restitutti
authors.affiliation: UCD Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huuskonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC),Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sakka
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, PO Box 59 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: Thomas.Spillmann@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spillmann
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007530:Isoflurane; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007530:Isoflurane; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Dog; Indocyanine green disappearance rate; Liver function; Near infrared spectroscopy; Transcutaneous