title: Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before and after 6-month treatment with methylphenidate: a pilot study.
abstract: Children with ADHD may present with sleep disturbances that add to the impairment of the disorder. The long-term sleep effects of the first-line pharmacological treatment for ADHD, i.e., psychostimulants, are unclear. In this pilot study, we compared polysomnographic variables in children with ADHD (n = 11, aged 6-15 years), before pharmacological treatment, and in children without ADHD (n = 22, aged 5-14 years); we also assessed polysomnographic changes in children with ADHD (n = 7) after a 6-month treatment with methylphenidate immediate-release (once or twice daily). Compared to children without ADHD, those with ADHD at baseline presented with significantly increased duration of awakenings (p = 0.02), reduction in sleep efficiency (p = 0.03), and increase in stage I (N1) (p < 0.01) and reduction in stage II (N2) (p = 0.02) and stage III-IV (N3) percentages. Methylphenidate treatment did not significantly change any parameter of sleep architecture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary evidence from this pilot study shows that, compared to children without ADHD, those with ADHD presented a more fragmented and less effective sleep at baseline and that the 6-month methylphenidate treatment did not further negatively impact on sleep architecture.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  • Children with ADHD may present with subjectively reported and/or objectively confirmed disturbances of sleep. • The long-term effects on sleep of the first-line pharmacological treatment for ADHD, i.e., psychostimulants, are not clear. What is new: • Our study showed that the 6-month continuous treatment with methylphenidate did not further negatively impact on sleep architecture in children with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, Torino, 10141, Italy.
authors.forename: Piernanda
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vigliano
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, Torino, 10141, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Galloni
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, Torino, 10141, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bagnasco
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, Torino, 10141, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delia
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, Torino, 10141, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moletto
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, Torino, 10141, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mana
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Psychology, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. samuele.cortese@gmail.com.|New York University Child Study Center, One Park Ave, 7th floor, New York City, NY, 10016, USA. samuele.cortese@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Samuele
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cortese
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017286:Polysomnography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: ADHD; Arousal; Children; Methylphenidate; Polysomnography; Sleep disorders
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