title: Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Morphology in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Focus on Dietary Fat Source.
abstract: It has been suggested that skeletal muscle mitochondria play a key role in high fat (HF) diet induced insulin resistance (IR). Two opposite views are debated on mechanisms by which mitochondrial function could be involved in skeletal muscle IR. In one theory, mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested to cause intramyocellular lipid accumulation leading to IR. In the second theory, excess fuel within mitochondria in the absence of increased energy demand stimulates mitochondrial oxidant production and emission, ultimately leading to the development of IR. Noteworthy, mitochondrial bioenergetics is strictly associated with the maintenance of normal mitochondrial morphology by maintaining the balance between the fusion and fission processes. A shift toward mitochondrial fission with reduction of fusion protein, mainly mitofusin 2, has been associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and inflammation in obesity and IR development. However, dietary fat source during chronic overfeeding differently affects mitochondrial morphology. Saturated fatty acids induce skeletal muscle IR and inflammation associated with fission phenotype, whereas ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and inflammation, associated with a shift toward mitochondrial fusion phenotype. The present minireview focuses on mitochondrial bioenergetics and morphology in skeletal muscle IR, with particular attention to the effect of different dietary fat sources on skeletal muscle mitochondria morphology and fusion/fission balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Putti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Migliaccio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Lillà
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lionetti
keywords: fish oil; lard; mitochondrial fission; mitochondrial fusion; omega-3 fatty acids
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