title: Rapid gut growth but persistent delay in digestive function in the postnatal period of preterm pigs.
abstract: Preterm infants often tolerate full enteral nutrition a few weeks after birth but it is not known how this is related to gut maturation. Using pigs as models, we hypothesized that intestinal structure and digestive function are similar in preterm and term individuals at 3-4 wk after birth and that early enteral nutrition promotes maturation. Preterm or term cesarean-delivered pigs were fed total parenteral nutrition, or partial enteral nutrition [Enteral (Ent), 16-64 ml·kg(-1)·day(-1) of bovine colostrum] for 5 days, followed by full enteral milk feeding until day 26 The intestine was collected for histological and biochemical analyses at days 0, 5, and 26 (n = 8-12 in each of 10 treatment groups). Intestinal weight (relative to body weight) was reduced in preterm pigs at 0-5 days but ENT feeding stimulated the mucosal volume and peptidase activities. Relative to term pigs, mucosal volume remained reduced in preterm pigs until 26 days although plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulin-trophic peptide (GIP) levels were increased. Preterm pigs also showed reduced hexose absorptive capacity and brush-border enzyme (sucrase, maltase) activities at 26 days, relative to term pigs. Intestinal structure shows a remarkable growth adaptation in the first week after preterm birth, especially with enteral nutrition, whereas some digestive functions remain immature until at least 3-4 wk. It is important to identify feeding regimens that stimulate intestinal maturation in the postnatal period of preterm infants because some intestinal functions may show long-term developmental delay.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Carl Frederik
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thymann
authors.affiliation: Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Anders Daniel
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Jens Juul
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Bolette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Cophenhagen Denmark; and.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hilsted
authors.affiliation: Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Langhorn
authors.affiliation: Gubra, Hørsholm, Denmark;
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jelsing
authors.affiliation: Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per Torp
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sangild
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004063:Digestion; D005865:Gestational Age; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000097:blood; D006601:Hexoses / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D006601:Hexoses; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins
keywords: digestion; enzymes; glucagon-like peptide 2; gut development; prematurity
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