title: Visual and non-visual motion information processing during pursuit eye tracking in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
abstract: Despite many reports on visual processing deficits in psychotic disorders, studies are needed on the integration of visual and non-visual components of eye movement control to improve the understanding of sensorimotor information processing in these disorders. Non-visual inputs to eye movement control include prediction of future target velocity from extrapolation of past visual target movement and anticipation of future target movements. It is unclear whether non-visual input is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. We recorded smooth pursuit eye movements in 21 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 22 patients with bipolar disorder, and 24 controls. In a foveo-fugal ramp task, the target was either continuously visible or was blanked during movement. We determined peak gain (measuring overall performance), initial eye acceleration (measuring visually driven pursuit), deceleration after target extinction (measuring prediction), eye velocity drifts before onset of target visibility (measuring anticipation), and residual gain during blanking intervals (measuring anticipation and prediction). In both patient groups, initial eye acceleration was decreased and the ability to adjust eye acceleration to increasing target acceleration was impaired. In contrast, neither deceleration nor eye drift velocity was reduced in patients, implying unimpaired non-visual contributions to pursuit drive. Disturbances of eye movement control in psychotic disorders appear to be a consequence of deficits in sensorimotor transformation rather than a pure failure in adding cognitive contributions to pursuit drive in higher-order cortical circuits. More generally, this deficit might reflect a fundamental imbalance between processing external input and acting according to internal preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trillenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.|Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sprenger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talamo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helmchen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.|Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verleger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. rebekka.lencer@ukmuenster.de.|Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb. A9, 48149, Münster, Germany. rebekka.lencer@ukmuenster.de.
authors.forename: Rebekka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lencer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anticipation; Bipolar disorder; Eye movements; Prediction; Schizophrenia; Smooth pursuit
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