title: The impact of ETOH intoxication on the development of admission coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury: a prospective evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coagulopathy after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) results in a ten-fold increased risk of death. Our aim was to investigate the effect of ETOH intoxication on admission coagulopathy after sTBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with sTBI [Glasgow Coma Scale <9 or evidence of intracranial pathology on computed tomography (CT)] from 1/2010 to 12/2011 were prospectively enrolled. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory values, head CT scan findings, physical examination, injury severity indices, and interventions were recorded. ETOH blood levels were obtained. The incidence of admission coagulopathy was compared between patients who were ETOH-positive (ETOH+) and those who were ETOH-negative (ETOH-). Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 216 patients were enrolled. 20.4 % were ETOH+. Admission coagulopathy was significantly lower for ETOH+ patients (15.9 vs. 39.0 %, adjusted p = 0.020). Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) on admission were significantly lower for ETOH+ patients (16.7 vs. 14.3, adjusted p = 0.016 and 1.35 vs. 1.13, adjusted p = 0.040, respectively). Injury Severity Score ≥25, hypotension, and loss of gray/white differential were identified as independent risk factors for the development of admission coagulopathy. ETOH intoxication was the only protective predictor [AOR (95 % CI): 0.32 (0.12, 0.84), adjusted p = 0.021].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ETOH intoxication is associated with a lower incidence of admission coagulopathy in patients with sTBI. Further research is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma and Critical Care), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ef.karamanos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karamanos
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma and Critical Care), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sivrikoz
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma and Critical Care), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Talving
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma and Critical Care), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma and Critical Care), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma and Critical Care), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Demetrios.Demetriades@med.usc.edu.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demetriades
keywords: Coagulopathy; ETOH intoxication; Severe traumatic brain injury
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