title: Aptamer based peptide enrichment for quantitative analysis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by LC-MS/MS.
abstract: Over recent years threats to racing have expanded to include naturally occurring biological molecules, such as peptides and proteins, and their synthetic analogues. Traditionally, antibodies have been used to enable detection of these compounds as they allow purification and concentration of the analyte of interest. The rapid expansion of peptide-based therapeutics necessitates a similarly rapid development of suitable antibodies or other means of enrichment. Potential alternative enrichment strategies include the use of aptamers, which offer the significant advantage of chemical synthesis once the nucleic acid sequence is known. A method was developed for the enrichment, detection and quantitation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in equine urine using aptamer-based enrichment and LC-MS/MS. The method achieved comparable limits of detection (1 pg/mL) and quantification (2.5 pg/mL) to previously published antibody-based enrichment methods. The intra- and inter-assay precision achieved was less than 10% at both 5 and 20 pg/mL, and displayed a working dynamic range of 2.5-100 pg/mL. Significant matrix enhancement (170 ± 8%) and low analytical recovery (29 ± 15%) was observed, although the use of an isotopically heavy labelled GnRH peptide, GnRH (Pro(13)C5,(15)N), as the internal standard provides compensation for these parameters. Within the current limits of detection GnRH was detectable up to 1h post administration in urine and identification of a urinary catabolite extended this detection window to 4h. Based on the results of this preliminary investigation we propose the use of aptamers as a viable alternative to antibodies in the enrichment of peptide targets from equine urine.
authors.affiliation: Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cawley
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavicchioli
authors.affiliation: Racing NSW, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Suann
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pickford
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Raftery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006736:Horses / Q000652:urine*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
keywords: Affinity enrichment; Aptamer; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LC–MS/MS