title: All-arthroscopic treatment of tibial avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture from its tibial insertion is a rare condition. Despite the further technical advent in refixation of avulsion fractures, the reported failure rate of current approaches remains high and the optimal surgical technique has not been elucidated yet. The purpose of the current study is to present an all-inside arthroscopic reconstruction technique for bony tibial avulsion fractures of the PCL and initial clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent a thorough clinical and radiological examination of both knees at 3, 6, 12, 18, and if possible also at 24 months. Clinical evaluation included subjective and objective IKDC 2000, Lysholm score, and KOOS score. Radiographic imaging studies included CT scans for assessment of osseous integration and anatomic reduction of the bony avulsion. In addition to that posterior stress radiographs of both knees using the Telos device (Arthrex, Naples, USA) were conducted to measure posterior tibial translation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of four patients (1 female, 3 male; ø 38 (± 18) years), who underwent arthroscopic refixation of a PCL avulsion fracture using the Tight Rope device were enrolled in this study. Mean follow up was 22 [18-24] months. The mean subjective IKDC was 72.6% (± 9.9%). Regarding the objective IKDC three patients accounted for grade A, one patient for grade C. The Lysholm score yielded 82 (± 6.9) points. The KOOS score reached 75% (± 13%; symptoms 76%, pain 81%, function 76%, sports 66%, QoL 64%). All patients showed complete osseous integration and anatomic reduction of the bony avulsion. The mean posterior tibial translation at final follow up was 2.8 [0-7] mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All-arthroscopic treatment of tibial avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament provides satisfactory clinical results in a preliminary patient cohort. It is a reproducible technique, which minimizes soft tissue damage and obviates a second surgery for hardware removal. Further clinical studies with larger patient cohorts and a control group are needed to further confirm these preliminary results.
authors.affiliation: Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Medical University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gwinner
authors.affiliation: Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Medical University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoburg
authors.affiliation: Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Medical University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilde
authors.affiliation: Institute for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Medical University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schatka
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, St. Marien-Krankenhaus Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn Dirk
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Krapohl
authors.affiliation: Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jung
keywords: Tight Rope; posterior cruciate ligament; tibial avulsion fracture
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