title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and visceral leishmaniasis in children: case report and systematic review of literature.
abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a potentially fatal disorder resulting from excessive activation and non-malignant proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Neoplasms, autoimmune disorders and systemic infections can cause secondary hemophagocytic syndrome. The association of hemophagocytic syndrome and visceral leishmaniasis is rarely found in childhood. We report a case of an infant affected by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to visceral leishamniasis and describe all cases of hemophagocytic syndrome associated with visceral leishamniasis in childhood reported in literature, focusing on clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy. scalzonemar@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scalzone
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trombatore
authors.forename: Vita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ridola
authors.forename: Palma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurizi
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riccardi
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B