title: Initial validation of a training program focused on laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess a training model focused on laparoscopic nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 residents participated in the study, who attended a training program with a theoretical session (1hour) and a dry (7hours) and a wet lab (13hours). During animal training, the first and last nephrectomies were assessed through the completion time and the global rating scale "Objective and Structured Assessment of Technical Skills" (OSATS). Before and after the course, they performed 3 tasks on the virtual reality simulator LAPMentor (1) eye-hand coordination; 2) hand-hand coordination; and 3) transference of objects), registering time and movement metrics. All participants completed a questionnaire related to the training components on a 5-point rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants performed the last nephrectomy faster (P<.001) and with higher OSATS scores (P<.001). After the course, they completed the LAPMentor tasks faster (P<.05). The number of movements decreased in all tasks (1) P<.001, 2) P<.05, and 3) P<.05), and the path length in tasks 1 (P<.05) and 2 (P<.05). The movement speeds increased in tasks 2 (P<.001) and 3 (P<.001). With regards to the questionnaire, the usefulness of the animal training and the necessity of training on them prior to their laparoscopic clinical practice were the questions with the highest score (4.92±.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of physical simulation and animal training constitute an effective training model for improving basic and advanced skills for laparoscopic nephrectomy. The component preferred by the urology residents was the animal training.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Laparoscopia, Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, Cáceres, España. Electronic address: senciso@ccmijesususon.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enciso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Laparoscopia, Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, Cáceres, España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Díaz-Güemes
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Á
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital San Juan de Dios-Aljarafe, Sevilla, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bachiller
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rioja
authors.affiliation: Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, Cáceres, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usón
authors.affiliation: Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, Cáceres, España.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Margallo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D017145:Models, Educational; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000193:education*
keywords: Cirugía laparoscópica; Formación; Habilidades; Laparoscopic surgery; Nefrectomía; Nephrectomy; Skills; Training; Urology; Urología