title: The role of laparoscopy in children with groin problems.
abstract: The use of laparoscopic surgery has grown dramatically in recent years in most all types of surgery. Historically, the early use of laparoscopic surgery was for pelvic and groin problems. In this article we review the current technique, indications, benefits and complications of laparoscopy in diagnosis and management of various groin problems in children including undescended testes (non-palpable and palpable) and inguinal hernia.
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical College and The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical College and The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kogan
keywords: Undescended testis; inguinal hernia; laparoscopy; processus vaginalis
references.citation: J Urol. 1992 Oct;148(4):1239-41
references.pmid: 1357193
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1980 Jun;15(3):313-7
references.pmid: 7381667
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2004 Jun;18(6):957-60
references.pmid: 15095082
references.citation: J Pediatr Urol. 2008 Apr;4(2):141-5
references.pmid: 18631911
references.citation: Eur Urol. 1992;21(2):164-7
references.pmid: 1354159
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1998 Jun;33(6):874-9
references.pmid: 9660219
references.citation: J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2010 Mar;20(2):183-5
references.pmid: 19916748
references.citation: Am J Surg. 1997 Dec;174(6):741-4
references.pmid: 9409609
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1994 Aug;29(8):1118-20; discussion 1120-1
references.pmid: 7965517
references.citation: Br J Urol. 1996 Mar;77(3):452-4
references.pmid: 8814856
references.citation: J Endourol. 2008 Aug;22(8):1745-9
references.pmid: 18620497
references.citation: J Urol. 1999 Sep;162(3 Pt 2):990-3; discussion 994
references.pmid: 10458418
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):119-28
references.pmid: 21149435
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1999 May;34(5):684-7; discussion 687-8
references.pmid: 10359164
references.citation: East Afr Med J. 2004 Nov;81(11):574-6
references.pmid: 15868966
references.citation: J Urol. 1999 Sep;162(3 Pt 1):765-70; discussion 770-1
references.pmid: 10458362
references.citation: Urology. 2007 Dec;70(6):1204-6
references.pmid: 18158048
references.citation: Arch Surg. 1989 Jun;124(6):721-3
references.pmid: 2730326
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Oct;44(10):2054-6
references.pmid: 19853773
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2005 Jul;19(7):927-32
references.pmid: 15920685
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2002 Oct;110(4):748-51
references.pmid: 12359789
references.citation: J Laparoendosc Surg. 1996 Mar;6 Suppl 1:S1-4
references.pmid: 8832919
references.citation: Semin Laparosc Surg. 1998 Mar;5(1):55-9
references.pmid: 9516561
references.citation: J Pediatr Urol. 2006 Oct;2(5):497-9
references.pmid: 18947666
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Apr 17;363(9417):1264-9
references.pmid: 15094270
references.citation: J Urol. 2008 Aug;180(2):681-5
references.pmid: 18554647
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Apr;45(4):793-5
references.pmid: 20385289
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Nov;45(11):2210-6
references.pmid: 21034946
references.citation: Urology. 1998 Nov;52(5):866-9
references.pmid: 9801116
references.citation: Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1997 Oct;7(5):384-7
references.pmid: 9348617
references.citation: S Afr J Surg. 1997 May;35(2):70-3
references.pmid: 9267174
references.citation: J Urol. 1992 Aug;148(2 Pt 2):632-4
references.pmid: 1353545
references.citation: Ir J Med Sci. 2003 Jan-Mar;172(1):18-9
references.pmid: 12760457
references.citation: Br J Surg. 1985 Jun;72(6):485-7
references.pmid: 4016518
references.citation: Urol Clin North Am. 1989 May;16(2):399-411
references.pmid: 2565617
references.citation: Pediatr Surg Int. 2010 Apr;26(4):387-92
references.pmid: 20143077
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1994 Aug;29(8):970-3; discussion 974
references.pmid: 7965531
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2007 Mar;21(3):449-54
references.pmid: 17054004
references.citation: Aust N Z J Surg. 1959 Aug;29:92-106
references.pmid: 13849840
references.citation: J Urol. 1992 Aug;148(2 Pt 2):635-7; discussion 638
references.pmid: 1353546
references.citation: Swiss Med Wkly. 2008 Aug 23;138(33-34):492-8
references.pmid: 18726735
references.citation: J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2008 Jun;18(3):449-56
references.pmid: 18503383
references.citation: Urol Clin North Am. 2001 Feb;28(1):23-9, vii-viii
references.pmid: 11277065
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1992 Jan;27(1):89-92
references.pmid: 1348088
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Mar;34(3):420-3
references.pmid: 10211645
references.citation: J Urol. 1994 Mar;151(3):728-31
references.pmid: 7905933
references.citation: Ann Surg. 1950 Sep;132(3):566-76
references.pmid: 15433221
references.citation: Int J Urol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1421-4
references.pmid: 17083396
references.citation: J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2006 Dec;16(6):650-3
references.pmid: 17243890
references.citation: J Urol. 1991 May;145(5):1030-3
references.pmid: 1673160
references.citation: J Endourol. 1998 Oct;12(5):445-50
references.pmid: 9847068
references.citation: J Urol. 2009 Nov;182(5):2435-9
references.pmid: 19765743
references.citation: J Urol. 1996 Aug;156(2 Pt 2):799-803; discussion 803
references.pmid: 8683787
references.citation: JSLS. 1998 Jul-Sep;2(3):259-62
references.pmid: 9876750
references.citation: J Urol. 2010 May;183(5):2012-8
references.pmid: 20303527
references.citation: Br J Surg. 1995 Jan;82(1):106-8
references.pmid: 7881924
references.citation: J Urol. 1994 Aug;152(2 Pt 2):776-8
references.pmid: 7912744
references.citation: J Urol. 2002 Apr;167(4):1818-20
references.pmid: 11912440
references.citation: BJU Int. 2001 Apr;87(6):490-3
references.pmid: 11298040
references.citation: Trop Geogr Med. 1984 Dec;36(4):371-3
references.pmid: 6528356
references.citation: J Urol. 2010 Mar;183(3):1163-7
references.pmid: 20096869
references.citation: J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2006 Jun;16(3):321-4
references.pmid: 16796451
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Mar;39(3):480-2; discussion 480-2
references.pmid: 15017573
references.citation: J Am Coll Surg. 2002 Aug;195(2):208-18
references.pmid: 12168968
references.citation: Urologe A. 2010 Sep;49(9):1199-205; quiz 1206
references.pmid: 20683702
references.citation: J Urol. 1997 Nov;158(5):1952-4; discussion 1954-5
references.pmid: 9334647
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2009 Aug;23(8):1706-12
references.pmid: 19343444
references.citation: Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007 Jun;19(3):344-8
references.pmid: 17505198
references.citation: J Urol. 1985 Apr;133(4):644-5
references.pmid: 2858596
references.citation: Urology. 2008 Aug;72(2):297-9; discussion 299
references.pmid: 18579186
references.citation: Br J Surg. 1985 Nov;72(11):918-9
references.pmid: 2866013
references.citation: J Urol. 1993 Aug;150(2 Pt 1):458-60
references.pmid: 8100860
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Aug;44(8):1502-5
references.pmid: 19635295
references.citation: Endoscopy. 1976 Feb;8(1):33-4
references.pmid: 16743
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2003 Nov;17(11):1756-8
references.pmid: 12820056
references.citation: World J Pediatr. 2010 May;6(2):119-24
references.pmid: 20490767
references.citation: BJU Int. 2001 Apr;87(6):484-9
references.pmid: 11298039
references.citation: Br J Surg. 2007 Jul;94(7):804-11
references.pmid: 17571299
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2008 Aug;43(8):1543-7
references.pmid: 18675650
references.citation: J Urol. 1992 Aug;148(2 Pt 2):627-8
references.pmid: 1353543
references.citation: J Urol. 2001 Oct;166(4):1421-4
references.pmid: 11547102
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2012 Sep;47(9):1711-5
references.pmid: 22974611
references.citation: Urology. 2008 Jun;71(6):1059-63
references.pmid: 18342920
references.citation: J Urol. 1994 Mar;151(3):732-4
references.pmid: 7905934
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1993 Aug;28(8):1026-7
references.pmid: 8229590
references.citation: J Urol. 1998 Sep;160(3 Pt 2):1161-2; discussion 1163
references.pmid: 9719300
references.citation: Urology. 1993 Aug;42(2):182-8
references.pmid: 8103613
references.citation: J Urol. 2003 Apr;169(4):1486-9
references.pmid: 12629397
references.citation: J Urol. 1996 Aug;156(2 Pt 2):795-8; discussion 798
references.pmid: 8683786
references.citation: East Afr Med J. 1990 May;67(5):359-64
references.pmid: 2390959
references.citation: J Urol. 1987 Aug;138(2):382-4
references.pmid: 2885429
references.citation: Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007 Jun;19(3):349-53
references.pmid: 17505199
references.citation: J Urol. 1991 Aug;146(2 ( Pt 2)):632-3
references.pmid: 1677690
references.citation: Urology. 2003 Jun;61(6):1234-7; discussion 1237
references.pmid: 12809907
references.citation: J Pediatr Urol. 2007 Jun;3(3):206-8
references.pmid: 18947736
references.citation: JSLS. 2008 Jul-Sep;12(3):277-81
references.pmid: 18765052
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 1996 Aug;31(8):1170-3
references.pmid: 8863258
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2002 May;37(5):745-51
references.pmid: 11987092