title: The Citrus transcription factor, CitERF13, regulates citric acid accumulation via a protein-protein interaction with the vacuolar proton pump, CitVHA-c4.
abstract: Organic acids are essential to fruit flavor. The vacuolar H(+) transporting adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) plays an important role in organic acid transport and accumulation. However, less is known of V-ATPase interacting proteins and their relationship with organic acid accumulation. The relationship between V-ATPase and citric acid was investigated, using the citrus tangerine varieties 'Ordinary Ponkan (OPK)' and an early maturing mutant 'Zaoshu Ponkan (ZPK)'. Five V-ATPase genes (CitVHA) were predicted as important to citric acid accumulation. Among the genes, CitVHA-c4 was observed, using a yeast two-hybrid screen, to interact at the protein level with an ethylene response factor, CitERF13. This was verified using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. A similar interaction was also observed between Arabidopsis AtERF017 (a CitERF13 homolog) and AtVHA-c4 (a CitVHA-c4 homolog). A synergistic effect on citric acid levels was observed between V-ATPase proteins and interacting ERFs when analyzed using transient over-expression in tobacco and Arabidopsis mutants. Furthermore, the transcript abundance of CitERF13 was concomitant with CitVHA-c4. CitERF13 or AtERF017 over-expression leads to significant citric acid accumulation. This accumulation was abolished in an AtVHA-c4 mutant background. ERF-VHA interactions appear to be involved in citric acid accumulation, which was observed in both citrus and Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.|Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.|The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shao-jia
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.|Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.|The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xue-ren
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiu-lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Institute for Plant &Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shu-ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.|Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.|The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kun-song
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002957:Citrus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019343:Citric Acid; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases
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