title: Integrated assessment of ceria nanoparticle impacts on the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha.
abstract: Exposures in realistic environmental conditions are essential to properly assess the effects of emerging pollutants on ecosystems. While ceria nanoparticles (nCeO2) production and use are expanding quickly, ecotoxicity studies remain very scarce. In this study, we set up experimental systems reproducing a simplified ecosystem to assess the effects of a chronic exposure to citrate-coated nCeO2 (ci-CeO2) and bare nCeO2 (ba-CeO2) on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha using an integrated multibiomarker approach. The fate of nanoparticles was tightly monitored to properly characterize the exposure. Organisms were exposed for 3 weeks and sampled weekly for biomarker analysis. Mussel filter-feeding activity resulted in significant removal of nCeO2 from the water column. At the same time, bioaccumulation was low, reaching its maximum in the first week. Mussels bioaccumulated ci-CeO2 three times more than ba-CeO2, probably due to coating-related differences in their behavior in the water column and in organisms. Meanwhile, biomarker results were integrated and synthesized using linear discriminant analysis, highlighting that pi-glutathione-S-transferase (piGST) mRNA, catalase (CAT) activity and lysosomal system were the most impacted of the seven biomarkers singled out by the discriminant analysis. These biomarker responses indicated that mussels exposed to both forms of nCeO2 were stressed and differentiate from the controls. Moreover, they responded differently to ba-CeO2 and ci-CeO2 exposure. However, biomarkers used in the experimental conditions of this study did not indicate severe nCeO2 toxicity on mussels, as cellular damage biomarkers and mussel filtering activity were left unimpaired. However, further studies are needed to investigate if the slight perturbations observed could lead to populational impacts in the long term.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .|b International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT) , Aix En Provence , France .
authors.forename: Maël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garaud
authors.affiliation: b International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT) , Aix En Provence , France .|c CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université , France , and.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auffan
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devin
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Felten
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .|b International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT) , Aix En Provence , France .
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagnout
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pain-Devin
authors.affiliation: b International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT) , Aix En Provence , France .|d Observatoire Des Sciences De L'univers De Grenoble , UMS 832, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier , Grenoble , France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Proux
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodius
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sohm
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine , CNRS UMR 7360 , Metz France .|b International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT) , Aix En Provence , France .
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giamberini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D049875:Dreissena / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
keywords: Ceria nanoparticle; Dreissena polymorpha; discriminant analysis; multibiomarker approach