title: Childhood and Youth Onset Diabetes: A Single Centre Experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify proportion of various types of diabetes and differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in patients with youth onset diabetes (onset below 25 completed years of age). In addition, concurrent autoimmune diseases in type 1 diabetes were studied in a subset of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 577 patients (192 girls) with diabetes onset at median age of 14 y (range 1 mo-25 y) with median duration of 1 y (range day of diagnosis- 43 y) were included. Clinical details, investigations and complications were recorded in a proforma. Diabetes was classified using clinical criteria supported by laboratory tests of C peptide and anti GAD-65 antibody in a subset of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type 1 diabetes accounted for 368/421 (87.4 %) patients with age of onset <18 y and 99/156 (63.5 %) of patients with onset between 19 and 25 y of age. Proportion of type 2 diabetes was 36/421 (8.5 %) and 41/156 (26.2 %) in these two groups. Older age at onset, diabetes in one or both parents, absence of ketosis /weight loss and presence of acanthosis were significant predictors of type 2 diabetes. Hypothyroidism (TSH >10) and biopsy proven celiac disease was found in 11.6 and 9.7 % of type 1 diabetes patients respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 1 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes in youth, however, a significant proportion of youth have type 2 diabetes. In these patients a combination of clinical factors, biochemical parameters and course over few months helps to guide the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India. g_jewlikar@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jevalikar
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Chhavi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Sunil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Jasjeet Singh
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wasir
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Jasmine Kaur
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Parjeet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Khalid J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Farooqui
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Ambrish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mithal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002446:Celiac Disease; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; Diabetes mellitus; Etiology; India; Type 1; Type 2; Youth onset
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