title: Relationship between liver tissue stiffness and histopathological findings analyzed by shear wave elastography and compression testing in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate two methods of determining liver stiffness in rats with various degrees of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet by comparing each finding with reference to histopathological liver findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male Wister rats were fed an MCD diet for up to 32 weeks, and four were fed a normal diet. Ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) and mechanical compression testing using an Instron Universal Testing machine were performed on each rat at designated time points. After each examination, liver histopathology was analyzed to evaluate the degrees of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis based on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score, and each finding was compared with reference to liver histopathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median liver stiffness values measured using SWE showed a stepwise increase with increasing histological inflammation score (P = 0.002), hepatic fibrosis stage (P = 0.029), ballooning score (P = 0.012), and steatosis grade (P = 0.030). Median liver stiffness measured using an Instron machine showed a stepwise increase only with increasing histological fibrosis stage (P = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Degree of liver stiffness measured by SWE and the Instron machine differed. SWE reflected mainly inflammation, whereas Instron machine-derived values primarily reflected fibrosis. This is the main source of discrepancies between measurements made with these two modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moriyasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tozan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. sugimoto@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002796:Choline Deficiency; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000172:deficiency; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D008715:Methionine
keywords: Compression test; Liver stiffness measurement; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Shear wave velocity; Ultrasound
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