title: Degradation of aldrin and endosulfan in rotary drum and windrow composting.
abstract: Removal efficiencies, kinetics and degradation pathways of aldrin, endosulfan α and endosulfan β in vegetable waste were evaluated during rotary drum and conventional windrow composting. The highest percentage removal of aldrin, endosulfan α and endosulfan β in rotary drum composting was 86.8, 83.3 and 85.3% respectively, whereas in windrow composting, it was 66.6%, 77.7% and 67.2% respectively. The rate constant of degradation of aldrin, endosulfan α and endosulfan β during rotary drum composting ranged from 0.410-0.778, 0.057-0.076 and 0.009-0.061 day(-1) respectively. The pathways of degradation of these pesticides in composting process were proposed. Metabolites dieldrin and 1 hydroxychlorodene formed during composting of aldrin in the vegetable waste indicated the occurrence of epoxidation reaction and oxidation of bridge carbon of aldrin containing the methylene group. Formation of chloroendic acid and chloroendic anhydride during composting of endosulfan containing vegetable waste support the occurrence of endosulfan sulfate and dehydration reaction respectively.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Sendai , India.
authors.forename: Muntjeer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Sendai , India.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Sendai , India.
authors.forename: Absar A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kazmi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Sendai , India.
authors.forename: Naseem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000452:Aldrin / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D004726:Endosulfan; D000452:Aldrin
keywords: Aldrin; composting; degradation pathway; endosulfan; kinetics; pesticides