title: Indocyanine green angiographic findings in initial-onset acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the features of Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with initial-onset acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of ICGA performed with the use of Heidelberg scanning laser ophthalmoscope on a consecutive series of patients with initial-onset acute VKH disease. The following signs were analysed: choroidal perfusion inhomogeneity, early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels, hypofluorescent dark dots (HDDs), fuzzy or lost pattern of large stromal choroidal vessels, disc hyperfluorescence, and, diffuse late choroidal hyperfluorescence. In addition, we looked for any new ICGA findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients (72 eyes) from a single academic institution were studied. The following findings were identified: HDDs in all eyes (100%), fuzzy or lost pattern of large stromal vessels in all eyes (100%), early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels were seen in 60 eyes (83%), diffuse late choroidal hyperfluorescence was present in 51 eyes (71%), choroidal perfusion inhomogeneity was seen in 44 eyes (61%), disc hyperfluorescence was seen in 25 cases (69%), and choroidal folds were present in only six eyes. New ICGA findings detected in this study were hypofluorescent patches corresponding to areas of exudative retinal detachment in 60 eyes (83%) and 'starry sky' pattern of late widespread punctate choroidal hyperfluorescence in 37 eyes (51%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most prevalent ICGA findings were HDDs, fuzzy stromal vessels and early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels in patients with initial-onset acute VKH disease. Novel ICGA findings in this group of patients included hypofluorescent patches corresponding to areas of exudative retinal detachment, and late widespread punctate choroidal hyperfluorescence taking on a 'starry sky' pattern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Marwan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abouammoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Vishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hemachandran
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory and Retinal Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Herbort
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abu El-Asrar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease; imaging; indocyanine green angiography; uveitis