title: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV+ men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Since 2000, an increase in hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected (HIV+) men who have sex with men has been observed. Evidence points to blood exposure during sex as the medium of hepatitis C virus transmission. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM overall and in relation to injection drug use is poorly characterized. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis examining global hepatitis C virus antibody prevalence and estimating active hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM were conducted; 42 reports provided anti-hepatitis C virus prevalence data among HIV + MSM. Pooled prevalence produced an overall anti-hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM of 8.1%; active HCV prevalence estimate was 5.3%-7.3%. Anti-hepatitis C virus prevalence among injection drug use and non-injection drug use HIV + MSM was 40.0% and 6.7%, respectively. Among HIV + MSM, hepatitis C virus prevalence increased significantly over time among the overall and non-injection drug use groups, and decreased significantly among injection drug use HIV + MSM. We identified a moderate prevalence of hepatitis C virus among all HIV + MSM and among non-injection drug use HIV + MSM; for both, prevalence was observed to be increasing slightly. Pooled prevalence of hepatitis C virus among HIV + MSM was higher than that observed in the 1945-1965 US birth cohort. The modest but rising hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM suggests an opportunity to control HCV among HIV + MSM; this combined with data demonstrating a rising hepatitis C virus incidence highlights the temporal urgency to do so.
authors.affiliation: 1 New York University, New York, NY, USA.|2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ashly E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA.|3 Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.affiliation: 1 New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neurer
authors.affiliation: 1 New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA.|3 Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Don C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Des Jarlais
authors.affiliation: 1 New York University, New York, NY, USA.|2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: HIV/AIDS; HIV/HCV co-infection; Men who have sex with men; hepatitis C virus infection; meta-analysis; systematic review
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