title: The Association of Maternal Body Composition and Dietary Intake with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during the Second Trimester in a Cohort of Chinese Pregnant Women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total 154 GDM subjects and 981 controls were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in 11 hospitals from May 20, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary surveys were used to determine body composition and to evaluate the intake of nutrients in subjects at 21-24 weeks' gestation (WG). Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of GDM morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, pre-pregnant body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased risk of GDM. Fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FMP), extracellular water (ECW), BMI, BW, energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates at 21-24 WG were associated with an increased risk of GDM. In contrast, fat free mass (FFM), muscular mass (MM), and intracellular water (ICW) were associated with a decreased risk of GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal body composition and dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy were associated with the risk of GDM morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Sihai Huachen Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China.
authors.forename: Li Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Haidian District Health Center for Women and Children, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China.
authors.forename: Hong Jiang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yong Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 130100, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, No.304 Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Chun Jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Lun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ying Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ai Jing
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xue Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xin Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chang Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yan Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Body composition; Dietary intake; Gestational diabetes mellitus