title: Comparative fiber property and transcriptome analyses reveal key genes potentially related to high fiber strength in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) line MD52ne.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individual fiber strength is an important quality attribute that greatly influences the strength of the yarn spun from cotton fibers. Fiber strength is usually measured from bundles of fibers due to the difficulty of reliably measuring strength from individual cotton fibers. However, bundle fiber strength (BFS) is not always correlated with yarn strength since it is affected by multiple fiber properties involved in fiber-to-fiber interactions within a bundle in addition to the individual fiber strength. Molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating individual fiber strength remain unknown. Gossypium hirsutum near isogenic lines (NILs), MD52ne and MD90ne showing variations in BFS provide an opportunity for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms involved in individual fiber strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comprehensive fiber property analyses of the NILs revealed that the superior bundle strength of MD52ne fibers resulted from high individual fiber strength with minor contributions from greater fiber length. Comparative transcriptome analyses of the NILs showed that the superior bundle strength of MD52ne fibers was potentially related to two signaling pathways: one is ethylene and the interconnected phytohormonal pathways that are involved in cotton fiber elongation, and the other is receptor-like kinases (RLKs) signaling pathways that are involved in maintaining cell wall integrity. Multiple RLKs were differentially expressed in MD52ne fibers and localized in genomic regions encompassing the strength quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Several candidate genes involved in crystalline cellulose assembly were also up-regulated in MD52ne fibers while the secondary cell wall was produced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses revealed differential expressions of the genes involved in crystalline cellulose assembly, ethylene and RLK signaling pathways between the MD52ne and MD90ne developing fibers. Ethylene and its phytohormonal network might promote the elongation of MD52ne fibers and indirectly contribute to the bundle strength by potentially improving fiber-to-fiber interactions. RLKs that were suggested to mediate a coordination of cell elongation and SCW biosynthesis in other plants might be candidate genes for regulating cotton fiber cell wall assembly and strength.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA. md.islam@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Md S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA. david.fang@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research Unit, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA. gregory.thyssen@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Gregory N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Thyssen
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA. chris.delhom@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Delhom
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA. yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA. heejin.kim@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D032561:Cotton Fiber; D017343:Genes, Plant; D003368:Gossypium / Q000235:genetics*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D059467:Transcriptome
references.citation: Appl Spectrosc. 2012 Aug;66(8):983-6
references.pmid: 22800914
references.citation: Planta. 2006 Oct;224(5):1174-84
references.pmid: 16752131
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2008;9:488
references.pmid: 18925949
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2010 May;120(7):1347-66
references.pmid: 20087569
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2009 Jun;150(2):684-99
references.pmid: 19369592
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2013;9(8):e1003704
references.pmid: 23990797
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jul;38(Web Server issue):W64-70
references.pmid: 20435677
references.citation: Plant J. 2004 Mar;37(6):914-39
references.pmid: 14996223
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2006 Mar;18(3):651-64
references.pmid: 16461577
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2010 Jan 1;26(1):139-40
references.pmid: 19910308
references.citation: Planta. 2010 Oct;232(5):1191-205
references.pmid: 20711605
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2015 May;33(5):524-30
references.pmid: 25893780
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e65131
references.pmid: 23755181
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Oct;11(10):1166-73
references.pmid: 19794500
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2015 Mar;167(3):711-24
references.pmid: 25583925
references.citation: PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0125046
references.pmid: 25927364
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2007 Feb;19(2):509-23
references.pmid: 17307926
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2011 Mar;23(3):895-910
references.pmid: 21441431
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2003 Jul;52(4):745-59
references.pmid: 13677464
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2012 Jun;8(6):e1002767
references.pmid: 22761583
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2007;8:81
references.pmid: 17389046
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2011 May;76(1-2):97-115
references.pmid: 21431780
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2013;13:94
references.pmid: 23815750
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2014;15:838
references.pmid: 25273845
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2003 Sep;15(9):2020-31
references.pmid: 12953108
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2008 Nov;20(11):3065-79
references.pmid: 19017745
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e97949
references.pmid: 24918577
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2012 Feb;53(2):368-80
references.pmid: 22197883
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e90830
references.pmid: 24598808
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2015 May;33(5):531-7
references.pmid: 25893781
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2010 Mar 15;26(6):841-2
references.pmid: 20110278
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2012 Feb;24(2):589-607
references.pmid: 22327741
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2007 Nov;278(5):539-53
references.pmid: 17724613
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2010 Apr 1;26(7):873-81
references.pmid: 20147302
references.citation: Plant Sci. 2011 Feb;180(2):323-32
references.pmid: 21421377
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2013;14:889
references.pmid: 24341782
references.citation: Appl Spectrosc. 2015 Aug;69(8):1004-10
references.pmid: 26162559
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2007 Feb;19(2):534-48
references.pmid: 17329564
references.citation: Genome. 2006 Jun;49(6):619-30
references.pmid: 16936841
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2005 May;273(3):217-24
references.pmid: 15902488
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2014 Oct;114(6):1099-107
references.pmid: 24984711
references.citation: Plant J. 2011 Dec;68(6):941-53
references.pmid: 21883548
references.citation: Front Plant Sci. 2012 May 21;3:104
references.pmid: 22661979
references.citation: Plant J. 2010 Dec;64(6):1018-27
references.pmid: 21143681
references.citation: Phytochemistry. 2015 Apr;112:100-9
references.pmid: 25446233
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2001 Jan;13(1):47-60
references.pmid: 11158528
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e94642
references.pmid: 24762562
references.citation: Genome Res. 1997 Oct;7(10):986-95
references.pmid: 9331369
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2012 Apr;10(3):301-12
references.pmid: 22044435
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2014;15:94
references.pmid: 24483163