title: A novel chimeric prophage vB_LdeS-phiJB from commercial Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.
abstract: Prophage vB_LdeS-phiJB (phiJB) was induced by mitomycin C and UV radiation from the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SDMCC050201 isolated from a Chinese yoghurt sample. It has an isometric head and a non-contractile tail with 36,969 bp linear double-stranded DNA genome, which is classified into the group a of Lb. delbrueckii phages. The genome of phiJB is highly modular with functionally related genes clustered together. Unexpectedly, there is no similarity of its DNA replication module to any phages that have been reported, while it consists of open-reading frames homologous to the proteins of Lactobacillus strains. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that its late gene clusters, integration/lysogeny modules and DNA replication module derived from different evolutionary ancestors and integrated into a chimera. Our results revealed a novel chimeric phage of commercial Lb. delbrueckii and will broaden the knowledge of phage diversity in the dairy industry.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenchen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China. kongjian@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral; D048668:Lactobacillus delbrueckii / Q000821:virology*; D008242:Lysogeny / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D039002:Prophages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000235:genetics; D015014:Yogurt / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Chimeric phage; Comparative genomic; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus
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