title: Surgical stabilization of flail chest: the impact on postoperative pulmonary function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Flail chest results in significant morbidity. Controversies continue regarding the optimal management of flail chest. No clear guidelines exist for surgical stabilization. Our aim was to examine the association of bedside spirometry values with operative stabilization of flail chest.
  
  
  METHODS
  IRB approval was obtained to identify patients with flail chest who underwent surgical stabilization between August 2009 and May 2011. At our institution, all rib fracture patients underwent routine measurement of their forced vital capacity (FVC) using bedside spirometry. Formal pulmonary function tests were also obtained postoperatively and at three months in patients undergoing stabilization. Both the Synthes and Acute Innovations plating systems were utilized. Data is presented as median (range) or (percentage).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients (13 male: 65 %) with median age of 60 years (30-83) had a median of four ribs (2-9) in the flail segment. The median Injury Severity Score was 17 (9-41) and the median Trauma and Injury Severity Score was 0.96 (0.04-0.99). Preoperative pneumonia was identified in four patients (20 %) and intubation was required in seven (35 %). Median time from injury to stabilization was four days (1-33). The median number of plates inserted was five (3-11). Postoperative median FVC (1.8 L, range 1.3-4 L) improved significantly as compared to preoperative median value (1 L, range 0.5-2.1 L) (p = 0.003). This improvement continued during the follow-up period at three months (0.9 L, range 0.1-3.0) (p = 0.006). There were three deaths (15 %), none of which were related to the procedure. Subsequent tracheostomy was required in three patients (15 %). The mean hospital stay and ventilator days after stabilization were nine days and three days, respectively. Mean follow-up was 5.6 ± 4.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operative stabilization of flail chest improved pulmonary function compared with preoperative results. This improvement was sustained at three months follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. said.sameh@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: Trauma, Critical Care and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goussous
authors.affiliation: Trauma, Critical Care and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zielinski
authors.affiliation: Trauma, Critical Care and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.affiliation: Trauma, Critical Care and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Flail chest; Pulmonary function; Rib stabilization
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