title: Variation in chemical composition and physical characteristics of cereal grains from different genotypes.
abstract: Genotypes of cereal grains, including winter barley (n = 21), maize (n = 27), oats (n = 14), winter rye (n = 22), winter triticale (n = 21) and winter wheat (n = 29), were assayed for their chemical composition and physical characteristics as part of the collaborative research project referred to as GrainUp. Genotypes of one grain species were grown on the same site, except maize. In general, concentrations of proximate nutrients were not largely different from feed tables. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the ether extract concentration of maize was high because the data pool comprised speciality maize bred for its high oil content. A subset of 8 barley, 20 rye, 20 triticale and 20 wheat samples was analysed to differ significantly in several carbohydrate fractions. Gross energy concentration of cereal grains could be predicted from proximate nutrient concentration with good accuracy. The mean lysine concentration of protein was the highest in oats (4.2 g/16 g N) and the lowest in wheat (2.7 g/16 g N). Significant differences were also detected in the concentrations of macro elements as well as iron, manganese, zinc and copper. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium and lead were below the limit of detection. The concentration of lower inositol phosphates was low, but some inositol pentaphosphates were detected in all grains. In barley, relatively high inositol tetraphosphate concentration also was found. Intrinsic phytase activity was the highest in rye, followed by triticale, wheat, barley and maize, and it was not detectable in oats. Substantial differences were seen in the thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number and extract viscoelasticity characteristics. The study is a comprehensive overview of the composition of different cereal grain genotypes when grown on the same location. The relevance of the variation in composition for digestibility in different animal species will be subject of other communications.
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodehutscord
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rückert
authors.affiliation: b Landessaatzuchtanstalt , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: c Landesanstalt für landwirtschaftliche Chemie , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schenkel
authors.affiliation: d Institut für Pflanzenzüchtung, Saatgutforschung und Populationsgenetik , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schipprack
authors.affiliation: e Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.
authors.forename: Knud Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bach Knudsen
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schollenberger
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laux
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siegert
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosenthin
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D005838:Genotype; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D008903:Minerals; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010832:6-Phytase
keywords: Amino acids; cereal grains; energy content; feed evaluation; inositol phosphates; minerals; phytase; proximate nutrients