title: Integrated epidemiology for vector-borne zoonoses.
abstract: The development and application of interventions for the control of vector-borne zoonoses requires broad understanding of epidemiological linkages between vector, animal infection and human infection. However, there are significant gaps in our understanding of these linkages and a lack of appropriate data poses a considerable barrier to addressing this issue. A move towards strengthened surveillance of vectors and disease in both animal and human hosts, in combination with linked human-animal surveys, could form the backbone for epidemiological integration, enabling explicit assessment of the animal-human (and vector) interface, and subsequent implications for spill-over to human populations. Currently available data on the spatial distribution of human African trypanosomiasis allow an illustrative example.
authors.affiliation: Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK Nicola.Wardrop@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wardrop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006292:Health Priorities; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000469:parasitology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Epidemiology; Human African trypanosomiasis; Spatial analysis; Spill-over; Vector-borne disease; Zoonoses
references.citation: Int J Health Geogr. 2010;9:57
references.pmid: 21040555
references.citation: Trends Parasitol. 2014 Apr;30(4):205-14
references.pmid: 24636356
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e96084
references.pmid: 24875496
references.citation: Int J Health Geogr. 2010;9:54
references.pmid: 20979609
references.citation: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2015 Nov;90(4):1151-62
references.pmid: 25335785
references.citation: Acta Trop. 1985 Mar;42(1):5-23
references.pmid: 2859750
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Apr;9(4):e0003705
references.pmid: 25875201