title: Histone H1 Variants in Arabidopsis Are Subject to Numerous Post-Translational Modifications, Both Conserved and Previously Unknown in Histones, Suggesting Complex Functions of H1 in Plants.
abstract: Linker histones (H1s) are conserved and ubiquitous structural components of eukaryotic chromatin. Multiple non-allelic variants of H1, which differ in their DNA/nucleosome binding properties, co-exist in animal and plant cells and have been implicated in the control of genetic programs during development and differentiation. Studies in mammals and Drosophila have revealed diverse post-translational modifications of H1s, most of which are of unknown function. So far, it is not known how this pattern compares with that of H1s from other major lineages of multicellular Eukaryotes. Here, we show that the two main H1variants of a model flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana are subject to a rich and diverse array of post-translational modifications. The distribution of these modifications in the H1 molecule, especially in its globular domain (GH1), resembles that occurring in mammalian H1s, suggesting that their functional significance is likely to be conserved. While the majority of modifications detected in Arabidopsis H1s, including phosphorylation, acetylation, mono- and dimethylation, formylation, crotonylation and propionylation, have also been reported in H1s of other species, some others have not been previously identified in histones.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotliński
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rutowicz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Kniżewski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palusiński
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olędzki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogtman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radioelectronic and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tymon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rubel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.|Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koblowska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.|Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadlez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ginalski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.|Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerzmanowski
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008745:Methylation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes
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