title: Association Between Serum Ceruloplasmin Specific Activity and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Meta-analyses demonstrate copper involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the systemic ceruloplasmin status in relation to copper is an emerging issue. To deepen this matter, we evaluated levels of ceruloplasmin concentration, ceruloplasmin activity, ceruloplasmin specific activity (eCp/iCp), copper, non-ceruloplasmin copper iron, transferrin, the ceruloplasmin/transferrin ratio, and the APOE genotype in a sample of 84 AD patients and 58 healthy volunteers. From the univariate logistic analyses we found that ceruloplasmin concentration, eCp/iCp, copper, transferrin, the ceruloplasmin/transferrin ratio, and the APOE genotype were significantly associated with the probability of AD. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, we selected the best subset of biological predictors by the forward stepwise procedure. The analysis showed a decrease of the risk of having AD for eCp/iCp (p = 0.001) and an increase of this risk for non-ceruloplasmin copper (p = 0.008), age (p = 0.001), and APOE-ɛ4 allele (p <  0.001). The estimated model showed a good power in discriminating AD patients from healthy controls (area under curve: 88% ; sensitivity: 66% ; specificity 93%). These data strength the breakdown of copper homeostasis and propose eCp/iCp as a reliable marker of ceruloplasmin status.
authors.affiliation: Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariacristina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siotto
authors.affiliation: Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simonelli
authors.affiliation: Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasqualetti
authors.affiliation: Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caprara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bucossi
authors.affiliation: Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.|Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione (ISTC) - CNR, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariacarla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ventriglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Molinario
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mirca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antenucci
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rongioletti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.|Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, IRCSS "San Raffaele Pisana", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.affiliation: Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.|Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione (ISTC) - CNR, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Squitti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012306:Risk; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D015415:Biomarkers; D014168:Transferrin; D003300:Copper; D002570:Ceruloplasmin
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; ceruloplasmin; ceruloplasmin specific activity; non-ceruloplasmin copper