title: Caloric Restriction in Older Adults-Differential Effects of Weight Loss and Reduced Weight on Brain Structure and Function.
abstract: Dietary modifications such as caloric restriction (CR) have been suggested as a means to improve memory and prevent age-related decline. However, it is unclear whether those effects remain stable over time or are related specifically to negative energy balance during the weight loss phase of CR. Using a randomized interventional design, we investigated changes in recognition memory and neural correlates in postmenopausal obese women (n = 19): 1) after intense weight loss in the course of a 12-week low-caloric diet (reduced body weight and negative energy balance) and 2) after having sustained the reduced weight over 4 more weeks (reduced body weight, but energy balance equilibrium). Participants were contrasted to a control group (n = 18) instructed not to change dietary habits. In the CR group, we found improved recognition memory, paralleled by increased gray matter volume in inferior frontal gyrus and hippocampus, and augmented hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity to parietal areas. Moreover, effects were specific for transient negative energy balance and could not be detected after subsequent weight maintenance. Our data demonstrate for the first time in humans that beneficial effects of CR on brain structure and function are due to weight loss rather than an overall reduced weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prehn
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zeitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.|Department of Neurology, Aging and Obesity Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: A Veronica
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dierk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Szela
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.|Center for Stroke Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grittner
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spranger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flöel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D009929:Organ Size; D017698:Postmenopause; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
keywords: VBM; aging; hippocampus; nutritional intervention; resting-state fMRI