title: Assessing barriers to immunization.
abstract: Parental barriers to childhood immunizations vary among countries, states and communities. There is a plethora of studies that exist to examine barriers to immunizations including many intervention studies designed to improve immunization rates in children. Often, intervention studies designed to minimize barriers and increase immunization uptake among children lack the inclusion of a standardized instrument to measure accurately parental barriers to childhood immunizations before and after interventions. The Searching for Hardships and Obstacles To Shots (SHOTS) survey is a standardized survey instrument to measure parental barriers to childhood immunizations. In several studies, the SHOTS survey has demonstrated consistent reliability and has been validated in diverse populations. The inclusion of the SHOTS survey instrument in studies to examine barriers to childhood immunization will provide researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of parents' individualized barriers to immunizations. Furthermore, use of the SHOTS survey instrument to collect information about parental barriers to immunizations can lead to targeted interventions to minimize these obstacles at the individual and community level and to help us to achieve our national, state and community childhood immunization goals.
authors.affiliation: a College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Knoxville , Knoxville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Niederhauser
authors.affiliation: b Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, University of San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferris
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017589:Immunization Programs; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: childhood immunizations; instrument; intervention; parental barriers to vaccines; vaccines
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