title: [Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for high risk prostate cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the technique and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for high risk prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 65 patients with high risk prostate cancer were treated with surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2011 to June 2013. The mean age was 67 years (range 45-75 years). The mean preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 26.7 µg/L (range 11.2-65.5 µg/L). The transrectal biopsy revealed Gleason score of 3+3 in 4 patients, Gleason 3+4 in 27 patients, Gleason 4+3 in 11 patients, Gleason 4+4 in 21 patients and Gleason 4+5 in 2 patients. The bone metastasis was excluded by scintigraphy examination. The surgical procedures were performed through transperitoneal approach. Extended pelvic lymph nodes dissection was performed after the removal of the prostate. Adjuvant radiotherapy or hormonal therapy was administrated according to the pathological results. Serum PSA was detected every 1 to 2 month and urinary continence was evaluated every 3 month in the first year, and then serum PSA was detected every 2 to 3 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was (134±21) minutes and the median blood loss was (300±146) ml. Bladder neck reconstruction was performed in 15 cases. The drainage was removed on postoperative day 4 and the catheter was removed on day 7. Pathologic results demonstrated pT2 in 25 patients, pT3a in 28 patients, pT3b in 9 patients and pT4 in 3 patients. Positive surgical margin was presented in 15 patients. A median of 19 lymph nodes (range 11-24 nodes) were retrieved during lymphadenectomy and 11 patients had lymph nodes metastasis with a total of 19 positive nodes. Forty-three patients recovered continence after the removal of catheter. Eleven patients received adjuvant hormonal therapy and 19 patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. With the median of 20 months follow-up (range 12-30 months), 5 patients got biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with extended lymph nodes dissection for high risk prostate cancer is safe and technical feasible. It provides accurate information on tumor stage and grade. It is an important component of multimodality for the treatment of high risk prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Email: changjunyin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011184:Postoperative Period; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen