title: Malignant and Metastatic Pheochromocytoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
abstract: Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Although predominantly occurring in the adrenal glands, these tumors can present anywhere along the sympathetic chain. Indeed, classical teaching states that 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal and 10% are malignant. We report a case of a 61-year-old female who underwent presumptive cytoreductive nephrectomy and adrenalectomy for renal carcinoma but was instead found to have malignant pheochromocytoma. Proper identification, surgical extirpation, and follow-up are imperative for treatment. We review the classic and current literature regarding management of this uncommon tumor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Jaime A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: R Sherburne
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Figenshau
keywords: Adrenal; Neuroendocrine; Pheochromocytoma; Renal
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