title: Albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus: from remission to progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Albuminuria is an early marker of renal impairment and a powerful factor of progression of renal disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Approximately, one-third of patients with T2D have micro- or macroalbuminuria and these patients have a high risk of progression toward End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) as well as increased cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of remission, regression, persistence, and progression of albuminuria, and to evaluate the impact of change in albuminuria on kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort of patients with T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study. The Ethics Committee of Morocco's Mohammed V University in Rabat approved the study protocol. Inclusion criteria targeted patients who were type 2 diabetics with albuminuria >30 mg/day, and who had been regularly followed-up in nephrology consultation for at least 36 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-hundred twenty-four patients were included. 75.8 and 24.6% of all patients had micro- and macroalbuminuria at enrollment in the study. At the end of the study, 91, 141, 199, and 93 patients had remission, regression, persistence, and progression of albuminuria, respectively. Remission of microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria was observed in 23.6% of cases. Regression of macroalbuminuria to micro- was observed in 29.9% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, the incidence of remission and/or regression of micro- and macroalbuminuria was higher. The incidence of ESRD and the occurrence of cardiac events were greater in the regression, persistence, and progression groups than in the remission of albuminuria group.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology, Medical School of Oujda , University Mohammed the First , Oujda , Morocco ;
authors.forename: Yassamine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bentata
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology, Medical School of Oujda , University Mohammed the First , Oujda , Morocco ;
authors.forename: Ilham
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology, Medical School of Oujda , University Mohammed the First , Oujda , Morocco ;
authors.forename: Nawal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benabdellah
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology, Medical School of Oujda , University Mohammed the First , Oujda , Morocco ;
authors.forename: Fatiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El Alaoui
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology, Medical School of Oujda , University Mohammed the First , Oujda , Morocco ;
authors.forename: Intissar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haddiya
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Emergency , Ibn Sina University Hospital , Rabat , Morocco ;|c Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research , Medical School University Mohamed V Souissi , Rabat , Morocco.
authors.forename: Redouane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abouqal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Albuminuria; progression; regression; remission; type 2 diabetes