title: Vivid: How valence and arousal influence word processing under different task demands.
abstract: In this study, we used event-related potentials to examine how different dimensions of emotion-valence and arousal-influence different stages of word processing under different task demands. In two experiments, two groups of participants viewed the same single emotional and neutral words while carrying out different tasks. In both experiments, valence (pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral) was fully crossed with arousal (high and low). We found that the task made a substantial contribution to how valence and arousal modulated the late positive complex (LPC), which is thought to reflect sustained evaluative processing (particularly of emotional stimuli). When participants performed a semantic categorization task in which emotion was not directly relevant to task performance, the LPC showed a larger amplitude for high-arousal than for low-arousal words, but no effect of valence. In contrast, when participants performed an overt valence categorization task, the LPC showed a large effect of valence (with unpleasant words eliciting the largest positivity), but no effect of arousal. These data show not only that valence and arousal act independently to influence word processing, but that their relative contributions to prolonged evaluative neural processes are strongly influenced by the situational demands (and by individual differences, as revealed in a subsequent analysis of subjective judgments).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. Nathaniel.Delaney-Busch@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delaney-Busch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.|University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gianna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.|Department of Psychiatry and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuperberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arousal; ERP; Emotion; Event-related potentials; LPC; LPP; Language; Late positivity; Task; Valence; Word processing
references.citation: Emotion. 2007 Aug;7(3):465-77
references.pmid: 17683203
references.citation: Front Psychol. 2012 Jul 17;3:243
references.pmid: 22822403
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2009 Mar;9(1):28-43
references.pmid: 19246325
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2013 Jan 15;533:90-5
references.pmid: 23142715
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2011 Nov;48(11):1554-62
references.pmid: 21592139
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Jun;20(6):977-88
references.pmid: 18211235
references.citation: Emotion. 2006 Aug;6(3):517-22
references.pmid: 16938092
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2009 Jan;71(1):57-63
references.pmid: 18727941
references.citation: Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Jun;14(3):430-5
references.pmid: 17874583
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2009 Dec;9(4):389-97
references.pmid: 19897792
references.citation: Behav Res Methods. 2007 Aug;39(3):445-59
references.pmid: 17958156
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 1981 Sep;18(5):493-513
references.pmid: 7280146
references.citation: Dev Neuropsychol. 2010;35(2):129-55
references.pmid: 20390599
references.citation: Brain Res. 2007 May 7;1148:138-48
references.pmid: 17391654
references.citation: Cognition. 2009 Sep;112(3):473-81
references.pmid: 19591976
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2015 Jul;42(1):1636-43
references.pmid: 25925534
references.citation: Front Psychol. 2012 Apr 17;3:107
references.pmid: 22529828
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2008 May;45(3):487-98
references.pmid: 18221445
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2012 Jul;49(7):959-69
references.pmid: 22594767
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2015 Mar;15(1):55-68
references.pmid: 25112206
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Aug 1;62(1):562-74
references.pmid: 22584232
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2010 Jul;84(3):422-36
references.pmid: 20346389
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2008 Mar;77(3):247-65
references.pmid: 18164800
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2012 Mar;83(3):375-81
references.pmid: 22226675
references.citation: J Exp Psychol. 1962 Jun;63:546-54
references.pmid: 13858932
references.citation: Brain Res. 2014 May 20;1564:62-71
references.pmid: 24713350
references.citation: Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):77-80
references.pmid: 7444452
references.citation: Behav Res Methods. 2006 Nov;38(4):606-9
references.pmid: 17393831
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Mar;120(3):505-10
references.pmid: 19157974
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2011 Sep;49(11):3121-9
references.pmid: 21816167
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2006 Jun;60(3):315-22
references.pmid: 16226819
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2005 Jul;131(4):510-32
references.pmid: 16060800
references.citation: Brain Lang. 2014 Jul;134:34-43
references.pmid: 24815948
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2013 Sep;13(3):473-90
references.pmid: 23559312
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2009 Jan;80(1):75-83
references.pmid: 18439739
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 2006;156:147-83
references.pmid: 17015079
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2011 Mar;86(3):254-64
references.pmid: 21184799
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2011 Oct;23(10):2994-3007
references.pmid: 21268668
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2009 Nov;21(11):2245-62
references.pmid: 18855550
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Mar;35(3):875-88
references.pmid: 23281129
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2012 Jul 30;209(1):212-8
references.pmid: 22743800
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2010 Dec;78(3):299-307
references.pmid: 20854848
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2009 May;46(3):521-30
references.pmid: 19496228
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 31;27(5):1082-9
references.pmid: 17267562
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2004 Apr;21(4):1242-51
references.pmid: 15050552
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2015 Mar;15(1):45-54
references.pmid: 25139377
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Apr;115(4):732-44
references.pmid: 15003751
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2013 Mar;92(3):464-79
references.pmid: 23059636
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2011 Sep;88(1):131-40
references.pmid: 21798309
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Gen. 2005 May;134(2):258-81
references.pmid: 15869349
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2009 Jun;111(1-3):174-81
references.pmid: 19386472
references.citation: Brain Lang. 2012 Sep;122(3):211-26
references.pmid: 22277309
references.citation: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Dec;9(12):1897-903
references.pmid: 24526185
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2013 Jul;139(4):917-40
references.pmid: 23231533
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2013 Mar;92(3):480-91
references.pmid: 22676964
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2010 Jul 1;47(4):748-57
references.pmid: 20158677
references.citation: Emotion. 2011 Aug;11(4):794-806
references.pmid: 21517156
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2009 Jun;72(3):299-306
references.pmid: 19232373
references.citation: Front Psychol. 2012 May 04;3:131
references.pmid: 22586415
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2001 Aug;42(1):11-34
references.pmid: 11451477
references.citation: Brain Lang. 1981 Nov;14(2):371-85
references.pmid: 7306789
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1981 May;89(3):506-40
references.pmid: 7255627
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2013 Jun;13(2):297-310
references.pmid: 23292996
references.citation: Emotion. 2008 Dec;8(6):880-5
references.pmid: 19102600
references.citation: Soc Neurosci. 2014;9(4):364-77
references.pmid: 24601745
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2006 Mar;43(2):197-206
references.pmid: 16712590
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1991 Jul;110(1):67-85
references.pmid: 1891519
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Oct;75(4):887-900
references.pmid: 9825526
references.citation: Behav Res Methods. 2007 Aug;39(3):600-5
references.pmid: 17958173
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2009 Jan;46(1):28-33
references.pmid: 18992071
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2014 Dec;14(4):1228-58
references.pmid: 24683062
references.citation: Front Psychol. 2014 Nov 11;5:1292
references.pmid: 25426095
references.citation: Emotion. 2008 Apr;8(2):250-5
references.pmid: 18410198
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2008 Mar;45(2):188-96
references.pmid: 17971056
references.citation: Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011 Mar;6(2):114-33
references.pmid: 21660127
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 2006;156:185-203
references.pmid: 17015080
references.citation: Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Nov;30(11):1472-84
references.pmid: 15448310
references.citation: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2015 Sep;10(9):1202-9
references.pmid: 25605967
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1985 Sep;98(2):219-35
references.pmid: 3901060
references.citation: Behav Res Methods. 2013 Dec;45(4):1191-207
references.pmid: 23404613
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2009 Jan;80(1):95-104
references.pmid: 18440691
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Jun;68(6):997-1013
references.pmid: 7608861
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2014 Sep;14(3):939-50
references.pmid: 24481851