title: Changes in the Plasma Proteome of Manduca sexta Larvae in Relation to the Transcriptome Variations after an Immune Challenge: Evidence for High Molecular Weight Immune Complex Formation.
abstract: Manduca sextais a lepidopteran model widely used to study insect physiological processes, including innate immunity. In this study, we explored the proteomes of cell-free hemolymph from larvae injected with a sterile buffer (C for control) or a mixture of bacteria (I for induced). Of the 654 proteins identified, 70 showed 1.67 to >200-fold abundance increases after the immune challenge; 51 decreased to 0-60% of the control levels. While there was no strong parallel between plasma protein levels and their transcript levels in hemocytes or fat body, the mRNA level changes (i.e.I/C ratios of normalized read numbers) in the tissues concurred with their protein level changes (i.e.I/C ratios of normalized spectral counts) with correlation coefficients of 0.44 and 0.57, respectively. Better correlations support that fat body contributes a more significant portion of the plasma proteins involved in various aspects of innate immunity. Consistently, ratios of mRNA and protein levels were better correlated for immunity-related proteins than unrelated ones. There is a set of proteins whose apparent molecular masses differ considerably from the calculatedMr's, suggestive of posttranslational modifications. In addition, some lowMrproteins were detected in the range of 80 to >300 kDa on a reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel, indicating the existence of highMrcovalent complexes. We identified 30 serine proteases and their homologs, 11 of which are known members of an extracellular immune signaling network. Along with our quantitative transcriptome data, the protein identification, inducibility, and association provide leads toward a focused exploration of humoral immunity inM. sexta.
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078;
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078;
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartson
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; haobo.jiang@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: Haobo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005216:Fat Body / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018402:Manduca / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D020543:Proteome
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