title: Obstructed Defecation Syndrome After Delivery Trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) occurs in about 7% of adults; it seems that the etiology of pelvic floor disorders is multifactorial. Pregnancy and childbirth damage to the pelvic nerve and muscles are proposed causes for this condition. The precise role of vaginal delivery (VD) is not clearly defined, although in recent studies association of pelvic floor disorder with Operative vaginal delivery and episiotomy has been proposed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this prospective study, we assessed the outcome of stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) in females with one of the two modes of delivery (VD or caesarean section (C/S).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Longo's ODS score for the assessment of the severity of pelvic floor malfunction. Stapled Trans Anal Rectal Resection (STARR) procedure was performed using two circular staplers. Follow-up was done 12 months after the discharge. To assess the role of episiotomy in patient with VD, we divided them into two subgroups; females who had VD with episiotomy (Vd + epi) and females who had VD alone. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 30 consecutive females undergoing STARR for the treatment of ODS, who enrolled in this prospective study, 19 (63.3%) had Vaginal Delivery VD and 11 (36.7%) had Cesarean Section (C/S). The ODS score before the surgery was higher in females who had C/S, although there was no significant difference between VD and C/S groups in terms of the percentage of the ODS score improvement after the STARR surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher ODS score in females who had C/S showed that C/S could not protect the pelvic organ from pregnancy and delivery trauma. It seems that episiotomy has a protective effect during VD; it can reduce the severity of trauma in pelvic organs during childbearing.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shaban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrvarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohsem
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Towliat
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mohebbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Soleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heydari
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farahani
authors.affiliation: Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rasouli
keywords: Cesarean Section; Defecation; Episiotomy; Trauma; Vaginal
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