title: Physiological Responses and Expression Profile of NADPH Oxidase in Rice (Oryza Sativa) Seedlings under Different Levels of Submergence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flooding due to global climate change is a serious problem that frequently decreases crop yields. Rice fields in flood-prone areas often experience full or partial submergence. Submergence has an adverse effect on internal oxygen availability, sugar status and survival. Complete submergence imposes severe pressure on plants, principally because the excess water in their surroundings deprives them of certain basic resources such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and light for photosynthesis. To better understand the mechanisms involved under different levels of flooding, it is necessary to further observe physiological responses and to identify the Rboh genes involved and determine how they are regulated during submergence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, significant physiological changes were observed in plant height, leaf sheath elongation and chlorophyll a, b and total content under partial and full submergence treatments. Senescence-regulating genes were severely affected under full submergence. Additionally, intracellular oxidative homeostasis was disrupted by overproduction of H2O2 and O2 (-), which affected cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity, under different levels of submergence. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that complex regulation of Rboh genes is involved under different levels of submergence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that the effect of physiological and the transcript levels of OsRboh genes were presented different responses to different levels of submergence in rice seedlings. There have different mechanism in intracellular to response different levels of submergence. Finally we discuss effects of the regulation of OsRboh expression and ROS production which was important to maintain homeostasis to help rice seedlings face different levels of submergence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Sian
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. emiyang@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chin-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: Antioxidant enzyme activity; Full submergence; Hypoxia; Partial submergence; ROS; Rboh; Rice
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1992 Jul;99(3):872-8
references.pmid: 16669014
references.citation: New Phytol. 2013 Mar;197(4):1193-203
references.pmid: 23215967
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jul;4(4):406-25
references.pmid: 3447015
references.citation: Plant J. 2006 Sep;47(6):907-16
references.pmid: 16961732
references.citation: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2010 Oct;13(5):489-94
references.pmid: 20813578
references.citation: Planta. 2015 Mar;241(3):579-89
references.pmid: 25398429
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2009 Jul;22(7):868-81
references.pmid: 19522569
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2010 Oct;154(2):444-8
references.pmid: 20921160
references.citation: Planta. 2014 Apr;239(4):877-85
references.pmid: 24395201
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2007;58:115-36
references.pmid: 17177638
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2013 Dec;30(12):2725-9
references.pmid: 24132122
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2006 Jun;141(2):336-40
references.pmid: 16760484
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2012 Dec;160(4):1795-807
references.pmid: 23073696
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2003 Jan;91 Spec No:179-94
references.pmid: 12509339
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2011 Jan;23(1):412-27
references.pmid: 21239643
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2009 Mar;14(3):155-62
references.pmid: 19237309
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2007 Jan;19(1):369-87
references.pmid: 17237353
references.citation: Rice (N Y). 2012 Feb 27;5(1):2
references.pmid: 24764502
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Jul;40(7):4581-90
references.pmid: 23645034
references.citation: Plant Sci. 2011 Apr;180(4):655-60
references.pmid: 21421415
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2009 Nov;151(3):1459-75
references.pmid: 19726575
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2003 Jan;91 Spec No:227-41
references.pmid: 12509343
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2014 Mar;65(5):1229-40
references.pmid: 24253197
references.citation: Planta. 2014 Aug;240(2):399-408
references.pmid: 24888863
references.citation: AoB Plants. 2014 Sep 30;6:null
references.pmid: 25270231
references.citation: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2012 Oct;59:3-10
references.pmid: 22417734
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2015 May 1;14(5):2219-36
references.pmid: 25806999
references.citation: New Phytol. 2011 Apr;190(2):369-78
references.pmid: 21039565
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2012 May;159(1):184-96
references.pmid: 22415514
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2008 Jan;101(2):229-48
references.pmid: 17956854
references.citation: New Phytol. 2015 Apr;206(1):57-73
references.pmid: 25580769