title: Genome assembly and geospatial phylogenomics of the bed bug Cimex lectularius.
abstract: The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) has been a persistent pest of humans for thousands of years, yet the genetic basis of the bed bug's basic biology and adaptation to dense human environments is largely unknown. Here we report the assembly, annotation and phylogenetic mapping of the 697.9-Mb Cimex lectularius genome, with an N50 of 971 kb, using both long and short read technologies. A RNA-seq time course across all five developmental stages and male and female adults generated 36,985 coding and noncoding gene models. The most pronounced change in gene expression during the life cycle occurs after feeding on human blood and included genes from the Wolbachia endosymbiont, which shows a simultaneous and coordinated host/commensal response to haematophagous activity. These data provide a rich genetic resource for mapping activity and density of C. lectularius across human hosts and cities, which can help track, manage and control bed bug infestations.
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08908, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.|The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Biological Sciences Department, NYC College of Technology (CUNY), Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
authors.forename: Mercer R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Brugler
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Apurva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narechania
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Biosystematics, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.|The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durrett
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foox
authors.affiliation: Illumina Inc. 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, California 92122, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shianna
authors.affiliation: Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.|The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gandara
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.|The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Afshinnekoo
authors.affiliation: BioNanoGenomics Inc. 9640 Towne Centre Drive Ste. 100, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Ernest T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: BioNanoGenomics Inc. 9640 Towne Centre Drive Ste. 100, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Alex R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hastie
authors.affiliation: BioNanoGenomics Inc. 9640 Towne Centre Drive Ste. 100, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: BioNanoGenomics Inc. 9640 Towne Centre Drive Ste. 100, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: BioNanoGenomics Inc. 9640 Towne Centre Drive Ste. 100, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saghbini
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Pediatrics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kentsis
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Planet
authors.affiliation: High Performance and Research Computing Group, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Vladyslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kholodovych
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tessler
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DeSalle
authors.affiliation: Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Louis N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sorkin
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458, USA.
authors.forename: Sergios-Orestis
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-8465
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kolokotronis
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Siddall
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.|Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.|The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.|The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001511:Bedbugs / Q000235:genetics*; D001769:Blood; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
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