title: How Internally Coupled Ears Generate Temporal and Amplitude Cues for Sound Localization.
abstract: In internally coupled ears, displacement of one eardrum creates pressure waves that propagate through air-filled passages in the skull and cause displacement of the opposing eardrum, and conversely. By modeling the membrane, passages, and propagating pressure waves, we show that internally coupled ears generate unique amplitude and temporal cues for sound localization. The magnitudes of both these cues are directionally dependent. The tympanic fundamental frequency segregates a low-frequency regime with constant time-difference magnification from a high-frequency domain with considerable amplitude magnification.
authors.affiliation: Physik Department T35 & Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience-Munich, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vedurmudi
authors.affiliation: Physik Department T35 & Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience-Munich, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.|Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Neuromodulation INM-7, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.affiliation: Center for Sound Communication, Syddansk Universitet, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christensen-Dalsgaard
authors.affiliation: Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Physik Department T35 & Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience-Munich, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: van Hemmen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D004423:Ear / Q000502:physiology*; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration