title: Effect of switching basal insulin regimen to degludec on quality of life in Japanese patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maintainance of a stable basal insulin level is important for glycemic control in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Recently introduced insulin degludec has the longest duration of action among basal insulin formulations. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in quality of life (QOL) associated with switching the basal insulin regimen to degludec in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 24-week open-label intervention study included type 1 (n = 10) and type 2 (n = 20) diabetes mellitus patients, with adequately controlled hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), who had received insulin glargine or detemir for at least 6 months. The primary outcome was change of QOL from baseline, as assessed by the Diabetes Therapy-Related QOL (DTR-QOL) application, after switching from glargine or detemir to degludec. HbA1c and other parameters were also assessed as secondary outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QOL and HbA1c in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were unchanged during this study. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c did not change, but total DTR-QOL score was significantly improved from baseline after switching to degludec. The DTR-QOL Factor 2, "Anxiety and dissatisfaction with treatment", was significantly improved in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and especially in the subgroup receiving basal supported oral therapy (BOT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switching of the basal insulin regimen from glargine or detemir to degludec significantly improved the QOL of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were receiving BOT, by reducing mental stress or anxiety about their treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan ; Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan.
authors.forename: Morihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan.
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishigami
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamaaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan.
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan ; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan ; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sai
keywords: BOT; DTR-QOL; Degludec; Detemir; Glargine; HbA1c; QOL
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