title: Chemical Changes in Nonthermal Plasma-Treated N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Solution and Their Contribution to Bacterial Inactivation.
abstract: In continuation of our previous reports on the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of atmospheric non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treated N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) solution against planktonic and biofilm forms of different multidrug resistant microorganisms, we present here the chemical changes that mediate inactivation of Escherichia coli. In this study, the mechanism and products of the chemical reactions in plasma-treated NAC solution are shown. UV-visible spectrometry, FT-IR, NMR, and colorimetric assays were utilized for chemical characterization of plasma treated NAC solution. The characterization results were correlated with the antimicrobial assays using determined chemical species in solution in order to confirm the major species that are responsible for antimicrobial inactivation. Our results have revealed that plasma treatment of NAC solution creates predominantly reactive nitrogen species versus reactive oxygen species, and the generated peroxynitrite is responsible for significant bacterial inactivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA.
authors.forename: Utku K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA.
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA.
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA.
authors.forename: Ari D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA.
authors.forename: Suresh G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D058626:Plasma Gases; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000111:Acetylcysteine
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