title: Surgical Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma With Cavoatrial Involvement: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
abstract: The treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with cavoatrial involvement represents a major surgical challenge. To date, many surgical strategies have been proposed. However, general agreement on the best approach does not yet exist. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is the most commonly used method and allows complete tumor resection without increasing operative risk. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) without circulatory arrest and methods using no CBP were also proposed, without a clear evidence of superiority of 1 technique over the others. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible role of alternative techniques compared with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: mgaudino@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaudino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cammertoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vargiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Ivancarmine
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Leonard N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D050792:Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery