title: PEDOT:PSS Interfaces Support the Development of Neuronal Synaptic Networks with Reduced Neuroglia Response In vitro.
abstract: The design of electrodes based on conductive polymers in brain-machine interface technology offers the opportunity to exploit variably manufactured materials to reduce gliosis, indeed the most common brain response to chronically implanted neural electrodes. In fact, the use of conductive polymers, finely tailored in their physical-chemical properties, might result in electrodes with improved adaptability to the brain tissue and increased charge-transfer efficiency. Here we interfaced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (
  PSS) doped with different amounts of ethylene glycol (EG) with rat hippocampal primary cultures grown for 3 weeks on these synthetic substrates. We used immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined to single cell electrophysiology to assess the biocompatibility of
  PSS in terms of neuronal growth and synapse formation. We investigated neuronal morphology, density and electrical activity. We reported the novel observation that opposite to neurons, glial cell density was progressively reduced, hinting at the ability of this material to down regulate glial reaction. Thus,
  PSS is an attractive candidate for the design of new implantable electrodes, controlling the extent of glial reactivity without affecting neuronal viability and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cellot
authors.affiliation: IMEM-CNR Istituto Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagonegro
authors.affiliation: IMEM-CNR Istituto Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tarabella
authors.affiliation: ELETTRA Synchrotron Light SourceTrieste, Italy; Department of Life Science, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scaini
authors.affiliation: IMEM-CNR Istituto Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.affiliation: IMEM-CNR Istituto Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iannotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prato
authors.affiliation: IMEM-CNR Istituto Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salviati
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced StudiesTrieste, Italy; Department of Life Science, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ballerini
keywords: PEDOT:PSS; conductive polymers; glial cells; hippocampal neurons; neural interfaces; single cell patch clamp
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