title: Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Violence against nurses is a major challenge for healthcare administrators. It is gaining more attention because it has a negative impact on nurses, the quality of health care and health organization. Common types of violence include physical harassment, sexual abuse, aggression, mobbing and bullying. Patients, their relatives and co-workers are considered the main perpetrators.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence rate of workplace violence against nursing professionals in a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, most frequent type and perpetrators as well as the contributing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This quantitative cross-sectional study adapted a survey questionnaire from the Massachusetts Nurses Association Survey on Workplace Violence/Abuse to collect data from a quota sample of 370 nursing personnel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of the participants had experienced violence in the professional setting during the 12 months prior to the study. The majority of subjects perceived workplace violence as verbal abuse. Nearly all nursing professionals identified patients as the leading cause. Slightly more than half mentioned understaffing, misunderstandings, long waits for service and lack of staff training and policies for preventing crisis as contributing factors.
  The prevalence rate is extremely high among nurses in the targeted Saudi university hospital. Saudi health as well as university hospitals' administration and policy makers should adopt and introduce a 'zero tolerance policy', set standards and develop practical measures for preventing the incidence and for controlling the prevalence of violence against nurses. Besides, healthcare organizations, particularly hospitals, can fulfil their obligations to provide both staff and patients with more secure environment. Further research on the topic is needed.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.|Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hanan A Ezzat
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alkorashy
authors.affiliation: King Abdul Aziz Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fawziah Bakheet
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Al Moalad
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace; D064450:Workplace Violence
keywords: Hospitals; Nursing staff; Saudi Arabia; Teaching hospital; Workplace violence; abuse; bullying; harrassment; mobbing; violence