title: Surface Engineering of Copper Foils for Growing Centimeter-Sized Single-Crystalline Graphene.
abstract: The controlled growth of high-quality graphene on a large scale is of central importance for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. To minimize the adverse impacts of grain boundaries in large-area polycrystalline graphene, the synthesis of large single crystals of monolayer graphene is one of the key challenges for graphene production. Here, we develop a facile surface-engineering method to grow large single-crystalline monolayer graphene by the passivation of the active sites and the control of graphene nucleation on copper surface using the melamine pretreatment. Centimeter-sized hexagonal single-crystal graphene domains were successfully grown, which exhibit ultrahigh carrier mobilities exceeding 25,000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and quantum Hall effects on SiO2 substrates. The underlying mechanism of melamine pretreatments were systematically investigated through elemental analyses of copper surface in the growth process of large single-crystals. This present work provides a surface design of a catalytic substrate for the controlled growth of large-area graphene single crystals.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China.|Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jiayu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China.|Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Huaying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Ai Leen
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
authors.forename: H Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongfan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: active sites; large single-crystal graphene; passivation; surface engineering