title: A Hox Gene, Antennapedia, Regulates Expression of Multiple Major Silk Protein Genes in the Silkworm Bombyx mori.
abstract: Hoxgenes play a pivotal role in the determination of anteroposterior axis specificity during bilaterian animal development. They do so by acting as a master control and regulating the expression of genes important for development. Recently, however, we showed that Hoxgenes can also function in terminally differentiated tissue of the lepidopteranBombyx mori In this species,Antennapedia(Antp) regulates expression of sericin-1, a major silk protein gene, in the silk gland. Here, we investigated whether Antpcan regulate expression of multiple genes in this tissue. By means of proteomic, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization analyses, we demonstrate that misexpression of Antpin the posterior silk gland induced ectopic expression of major silk protein genes such assericin-3,fhxh4, and fhxh5 These genes are normally expressed specifically in the middle silk gland as is Antp Therefore, the evidence strongly suggests that Antpactivates these silk protein genes in the middle silk gland. The putativesericin-1 activator complex (middle silk gland-intermolt-specific complex) can bind to the upstream regions of these genes, suggesting that Antpdirectly activates their expression. We also found that the pattern of gene expression was well conserved between B. moriand the wild species Bombyx mandarina, indicating that the gene regulation mechanism identified here is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism and not an artifact of the domestication of B. mori We suggest that Hoxgenes have a role as a master control in terminally differentiated tissues, possibly acting as a primary regulator for a range of physiological processes.
authors.affiliation: From the Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan, tsubota@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.affiliation: From the Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: From the Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life Science and.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life Science and Division of Biological Science and Center for Genome Dynamics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiya
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: From the Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan, hsezutsu@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sezutsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D012831:Bombyx / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047030:Sericins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein; D019476:Insect Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D047030:Sericins
keywords: Antennapedia; Bombyx mori; Hox; development; gene regulation; proteomics; silk gland; silkworm; transcription regulation; transgenic
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