title: Controlled Phase and Tunable Magnetism in Ordered Iron Oxide Nanotube Arrays Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition.
abstract: Highly-ordered and conformal iron oxide nanotube arrays on an atomic scale are successfully prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with controlled oxidization states and tunable magnetic properties between superparamagnetism and ferrimagnetism. Non-magnetic α-Fe2O3 and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 with a blocking temperature of 120 K are in-situ obtained by finely controlling the oxidation reaction. Both of them exhibit a very small grain size of only several nanometers due to the nature of atom-by-atom growth of the ALD technique. Post-annealing α-Fe2O3 in a reducing atmosphere leads to the formation of the spinel Fe3O4 phase which displays a distinct ferrimagnetic anisotropy and the Verwey metal-insulator transition that usually takes place only in single crystal magnetite or thick epitaxial films at low temperatures. The ALD deposition of iron oxide with well-controlled phase and tunable magnetism demonstrated in this work provides a promising opportunity for the fabrication of 3D nano-devices to be used in catalysis, spintronics, microelectronics, data storages and bio-applications.
authors.affiliation: Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education &International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education &International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an,710049, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education &International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Ziyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an,710049, China.|State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an,710049, China.|State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang-De
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education &International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education &International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an,710049, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education &International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an,710049, China.|Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
authors.forename: Zuo-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Ye
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jun 6;50(24):5486-9
references.pmid: 21557410
references.citation: Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1989-92
references.pmid: 10720318
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2014 Aug 26;8(8):7890-5
references.pmid: 24988469
references.citation: Nanotechnology. 2008 Jul 2;19(26):265301
references.pmid: 21828677
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):964-7
references.pmid: 19829378
references.citation: J Nanobiotechnology. 2011;9:4
references.pmid: 21542946
references.citation: Mol Imaging Biol. 2008 May-Jun;10(3):138-46
references.pmid: 18297365
references.citation: Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1488-95
references.pmid: 11711666
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Aug 8;129(31):9554-5
references.pmid: 17630739
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2007 Nov;6(11):810-2
references.pmid: 17972935
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2009 Nov 24;3(11):3463-8
references.pmid: 19803498
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2013;3:1876
references.pmid: 23703150