title: Evolution of the protease-activated receptor family in vertebrates.
abstract: Belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPcr) family, the protease-activated receptors (Pars) consist of 4 members, PAR1-4. PARs mediate the activation of cells via thrombin, serine and other proteases. Such protease-triggered signaling events are thought to be critical for hemostasis, thrombosis and other normal pathological processes. In the present study, we examined the evolution of PARs by analyzing phylogenetic trees, chromosome location, selective pressure and functional divergence based on the 169 functional gene alignment sequences from 57 vertebrate gene sequences. We found that the 4 Pars originated from 4 invertebrate ancestors by phylogenetic trees analysis. The selective pressure results revealed that only PAR1 appeared by positive selection during its evolution, while the other PAR members did not. In addition, we noticed that although these PARs evolved separately, the results of functional divergence indicated that their evolutional rates were similar and their functions did not significantly diverge. The findings of our study provide valuable insight into the evolutionary history of the vertebrate PAR family.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hai-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ai-Lin
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ji-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated
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