title: A Large-Scale Investigation of Hypoxia-Preconditioned Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Myocardial Repair in Nonhuman Primates: Paracrine Activity Without Remuscularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cardiac repair has been limited; thus, strategies for optimizing stem-cell-based myocardial therapy are needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to test our central hypothesis that hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs (HP-MSCs) are more effective than MSCs cultured under ambient oxygen levels for the treatment of myocardial injury in a large-scale (N=49), long-term (9 months), nonhuman primate (Cynomolgous monkeys) investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSCs were engineered to express green fluorescent protein, cultured under ambient oxygen or 0.5% oxygen (HP-MSCs) for 24 hours and then tested in the infarcted hearts of Cynomolgus monkeys (1×10(7) cells per heart). Hypoxia preconditioning increased the expression of several prosurvival/proangiogenic factors in cultured MSCs, and measurements of infarct size and left-ventricular function at day 90 after myocardial infarction were significantly more improved in monkeys treated with HP-MSCs than in monkeys treated with the control vehicle; functional improvements in normal cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-treated monkeys were not significant. HP-MSCs transplantation was also associated with increases in cardiomyocyte proliferation, vascular density, myocardial glucose uptake, and engraftment of the transplanted cells and with declines in endogenous cell apoptosis, but did not increase the occurrence of arrhythmogenic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoxia preconditioning improved the effectiveness of MSCs transplantation for the treatment of myocardial infarction in nonhuman primates without increasing the occurrence of arrhythmogenic complications, which suggests that future clinical trials of HP-MSCs transplantation are warranted.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Xinyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Yinchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Yingchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Minjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Fengjiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Qingju
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Youqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Jinyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Liangliang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Jinghai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang).
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang). jian_an_wang@yahoo.com Jayzhang@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Jianyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J. L., J.Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.C., M.K.), Department of Anesthesiology (F.Z., Q.C.), Department of Radiology, (J.S., Qian Li), Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.Z.), and Department of Ultrasonography (Q.Y., L.Y.), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (X.H., Y.X., Z.Z., Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Yingchao Wang, J.J., Qingju Li, L.C., C.W., Y.F., R.W., J.L., J. Zhu, Ya Wang, Y.J., Y.L., F.Y., L.J., W.Z., J.C., H.Y., J.W.); Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (J.C.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J. Zhang). jian_an_wang@yahoo.com Jayzhang@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Jian'an
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D011323:Primates; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cynomolgous monkeys; hypoxia preconditioning; mesenchymal stem cells; myocardial infarction
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