title: Left-sided cardiac chamber evaluation using single-phase mid-diastolic coronary computed tomography angiography: derivation of normal values and comparison with conventional end-diastolic and end-systolic phases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With increasing use of prospective scanning techniques for cardiac computed tomography (CT), meaningful evaluation of chamber volumes is no longer possible due to lack of normal values. We aimed to define normal values for mid-diastolic (MD) chamber volumes and to determine their significance in comparison to maximum volumes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal ranges at MD for left ventricular (LV) volume and mass and left atrial (LA) volume were determined from 101 normal controls. Thereafter, 109 consecutive CT scans, as well as 21 post-myocardial infarction patients, were analysed to determine the relationship between MD and maximum volumes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MD volumes correlated closely with maximal volumes (r = 0.99) for both LV and LA, and could estimate maximum volumes accurately. LV mass, measured at ED or MD, were very similar (r = 0.99). Abnormal MD volumes had excellent sensitivity and specificity to detect chamber enlargement based on maximal volumes (LV 86 %, 100 %, respectively; LA 100 %, 92 %, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single MD phase can identify patients with cardiomegaly or LV hypertrophy with a high degree of accuracy and MD volumes can give an accurate estimate of maximum LV and LA volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Traditionally, helical cardiac CT provided clinically important information from chamber volume analysis. • Mid-diastolic left atrial and ventricular volumes correlate closely with maximal volumes. • We derive normal values for mid-diastolic left atrial and ventricular volumes and mass. • A single mid-diastolic phase can be used to identify chamber enlargement and hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haaliya Street, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Sobhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abadi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haaliya Street, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solomonica
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haaliya Street, Haifa, 31096, Israel.|Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haaliya Street, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Diab
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutlak
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haaliya Street, Haifa, 31096, Israel.|Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haaliya Street, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haaliya Street, Haifa, 31096, Israel.|Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haaliya Street, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agmon
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haaliya Street, Haifa, 31096, Israel. j_lessick@rambam.health.gov.il.|Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haaliya Street, Haifa, Israel. j_lessick@rambam.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lessick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Atrial volumes; Cardiac computed tomography; Prospective gating; Ventricular dysfunction; Ventricular volumes
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2008 Sep;27(9):1189-201
references.pmid: 18753041
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2002 Sep;21(9):1123-31
references.pmid: 12564880
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 1996 Sep-Oct;24(5):583-94
references.pmid: 8886239
references.citation: Eur J Radiol. 2012 Feb;81(2):226-9
references.pmid: 21237604
references.citation: Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010 Jul;3(4):375-83
references.pmid: 20484542
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2011 Jan 21;146(2):171-6
references.pmid: 19615769
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 May;5(5):484-93
references.pmid: 22595156
references.citation: Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011 Oct;27(7):1015-23
references.pmid: 21063782
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2005 Aug 8-22;165(15):1788-93
references.pmid: 16087829
references.citation: Coron Artery Dis. 2010 Nov;21(7):428-34
references.pmid: 20700052
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008 Nov;1(6):782-6
references.pmid: 19356515
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2007 May 1;99(9):1187-92
references.pmid: 17478138
references.citation: Eur J Radiol. 2010 Apr;74(1):175-81
references.pmid: 19261417
references.citation: Radiology. 2013 Apr;267(1):11-25
references.pmid: 23525715
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2011 Jul-Aug;5(4):198-224
references.pmid: 21723512
references.citation: Med Phys. 2003 Jul;30(7):1683-93
references.pmid: 12906185
references.citation: Circulation. 1986 Oct;74(4):693-702
references.pmid: 3757183