title: The Ability of Men's Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women's Field Lacrosse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women's field lacrosse is described as a noncontact game relying primarily on rules to decrease the risk of head injuries. Despite not allowing head contact, however, concussions continue to be reported in women's field lacrosse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of men's lacrosse helmets to decrease linear and angular acceleration for different striking techniques in women's field lacrosse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III 50th Percentile headform was attached to a Hybrid III neckform and were subjected to impacts by 8 striking techniques. Eleven athletic females completed 5 slashing techniques, while physical reconstruction equipment was used to simulate falls and shoulder and ball impacts to the head. Three trials were conducted for each condition, and peak resultant linear and angular accelerations of the headform were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Falls produced the highest linear and angular acceleration, followed by ball and high-velocity stick impacts. Low-velocity stick impacts were found to produce the lowest linear and angular accelerations. Men's lacrosse helmets significantly decreased linear and angular accelerations in all conditions, while unhelmeted impacts were associated with high accelerations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If women's field lacrosse is played within the rules, only falls were found to produce high linear and angular acceleration. However, ball and high-velocity stick impacts were found to produce high linear and angular accelerations. These linear and angular accelerations were found to be within the ranges reported for concussion. When the game is not played within the rules, men's lacrosse helmets provide an effective method of reducing linear and angular accelerations. Thus, women's field lacrosse may be able to reduce the occurrence of high linear and angular acceleration impacts by having governing bodies improving rules, implementing the use of helmets, or both.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identifying striking techniques that produce high linear and angular acceleration specific to women's lacrosse and measuring the capacity of a men's lacrosse helmet to reduce linear and angular acceleration.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada jclar136@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: J Michio
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: T Blaine
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hoshizaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D015865:Racquet Sports / Q000293:injuries*; D019876:Sports Equipment
keywords: biomechanics of brain injury; concussion; injury prevention; women’s field lacrosse