title: Imaging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets: Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer.
abstract: Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) are important steroid hormone receptor biomarkers used to determine prognosis and to predict benefit from endocrine therapies for breast cancer patients. Receptor expression is routinely measured in biopsy specimens using immunohistochemistry, although such testing can be challenging, particularly in the setting of metastatic disease. ERα and PR can be quantitatively assayed noninvasively with PET. This approach provides the opportunity to assess receptor expression and function in real time, within the entire tumor, and across distant sites of metastatic disease. This article reviews the current evidence of ERα and PR PET imaging as predictive and early-response biomarkers for endocrine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin hmlinden@uw.edu afowler@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Katzenellenbogen
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and hmlinden@uw.edu afowler@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Hannah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Farrokh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehdashti
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D011987:Receptors, Steroid
keywords: PET; breast cancer; estrogen receptor α; imaging biomarker; progesterone receptor
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