title: Antiproliferative Evaluation and Apoptosis Induction in MCF- 7 Cells by Ziziphus spina christi Leaf Extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herbal medicine has becoming a potential source of treatment for different types of cancer including breast cancer. It has been shown that plants from the family Rhamnaceae possess anticancer activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we determined the antiproliferative influence of Ziziphus spina christi- a species from this family- on the MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytotoxicity of the total extract, ethanol, ethanol-aqueous (1:1) as well as aqueous fractions of Ziziphus spina christi leaves was evaluated through MTT assay against MCF-7 cell line. Cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induction were assessed by flowcytometry cycle RNase/PI analysis and Annexin V-FLUOS, respectively. Apoptosis was also analyzed by immunoblotting assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicated that the ethanolic fraction had the lowest IC50 value (0.02 mg/ml), induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase as well as apoptosis after a 48h of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on anticancer effect of Ziziphus spina christi ethanolic fraction on breast cancer cells, providing a scientific basis for its utility in traditional medicine. However, further in-depth studies are needed to confirm the precise mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail : salimimona@pasteur.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farmani
authors.forename: Mahmoodreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moein
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amanzadeh
authors.forename: Hirsa Mostafapour
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kandelous
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ehsanpour
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salimi
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts