title: Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.
abstract: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a significant morbidity in prematurely born infants, is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in children and persists till adulthood. Strict control of oxygen therapy and prevention of intermittent hypoxia are the keys in the prevention of ROP, but pharmacologic interventions have decreased risk of ROP. Various drug classes such as methylxanthines (caffeine), VEGF inhibitors, antioxidants, and others have decreased ROP occurrence. The timing of pharmacologic intervention remains unsettled, but early prevention rather than controlling disease progression may be preferred. These drugs act through different mechanisms, and synergistic approaches should be considered to maximize efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; State University of New York Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Kay D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Beharry
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Gloria B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; State University of New York Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lazzaro
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; State University of New York Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY. Electronic address: jaranda@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Jacob V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011379:Prognosis; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Drug Interventions; Oxygen; Retinopathy of Prematurity
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