title: 3D FSE Cube and VIPR-aTR 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging predicts canine cranial cruciate ligament structural properties.
abstract: Estimation of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) structural properties in client-owned dogs with incipient cruciate rupture would be advantageous. The objective of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of normal CrCL volume in an ex-vivo canine model predicts structural properties. Stifles from eight dogs underwent 3.0 Tesla 3D MRI. CrCL volume and normalized median grayscale values were determined using 3D Fast Spin Echo (FSE) Cube and Vastly under-sampled Isotropic PRojection (VIPR)-alternative repetition time (aTR) sequences. Stifles were then mechanically tested. After joint laxity testing, CrCL structural properties were determined, including displacement at yield, yield load, load to failure, and stiffness. Yield load and load to failure (R(2)=0.56, P <0.01) were correlated with CrCL volume determined by VIPR-aTR. Yield load was also correlated with CrCL volume determined by 3D FSE Cube (R(2)=0.32, P <0.05). Structural properties were not related to median grayscale values. Joint laxity and CrCL stiffness were not related to MRI parameters, but displacement at yield load was related to CrCL volume for both sequences during testing (R(2)>0.57, P <0.005). In conclusion, 3D MRI offers a predictive method for estimating canine CrCL structural properties. 3D MRI may be useful for monitoring CrCL properties in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Racette
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al saleh
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bleedorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanderby
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Markel
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Sabrina H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Brounts
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Walter F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Electronic address: peter.muir@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004285:Dogs; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000662:veterinary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D013264:Stifle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Cranial cruciate ligament; Ligament mechanics; Magnetic resonance imaging
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