title: The axoneme: the propulsive engine of spermatozoa and cilia and associated ciliopathies leading to infertility.
abstract: This review article provides a critical analysis of the structure and molecular mechanisms of the microtubule axoneme of cilia and sperm flagella and their associated elements required for male fertility.A broad range of genetic and molecular defects (ciliopathies) are considered in the context of human diseases involving impaired motility in cilia and sperm flagella, providing provocative thought for future research in the area of male infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. linck001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Linck
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Endocrinology, National Research Council, CEDIE-CONICET, Endocrinology Division, Buenos Aires Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, C1425SEFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina. hchemes@cedie.org.ar.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chemes
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. DALBERTINI@kumc.edu.|The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA. DALBERTINI@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Albertini
mesh_terms: D054468:Axoneme / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002923:Cilia; D005407:Flagella / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: Basal body; Fibrous sheath; Intraflagellar transport; Microtubules; Outer dense fibers; Primary cilia
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