title: The role of ultrasound guidance in pediatric caudal block.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the time interval of the procedure, possible complications, post-operative pain levels, additional analgesics, and nurse satisfaction in ultrasonography-guided and standard caudal block applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted in Celal Bayar University Hospital, Manisa, Turkey, between January and December 2014, included 78 pediatric patients. Caudal block was applied to 2 different groups; one with ultrasound guide, and the other using the standard method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time interval of the procedure was significantly shorter in the standard application group compared with ultrasound-guided group (p=0.020). Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale values obtained at the 90th minute was statistically lower in the standard application group compared with ultrasound-guided group (p=0.035). No statistically significant difference was found on the other parameters between the 2 groups. The shorter time interval of the procedure at standard application group should not be considered as a distinctive mark by the pediatric anesthesiologists, because this time difference was as short as seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound guidance for caudal block applications would neither increase nor decrease the success of the treatment. However, ultrasound guidance should be needed in cases where the detection of sacral anatomy is difficult, especially by palpations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. E-mail. korayerbuyun@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erbüyün
authors.forename: Barış
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Açıkgöz
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.forename: Ömer
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Temeltaş
authors.forename: İdil
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tok
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
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