title: Mortality Among Persons With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Denmark.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several mental disorders have consistently been found to be associated with decreased life expectancy, but little is known about whether this is also the case for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether persons who receive a diagnosis of OCD are at increased risk of death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from Danish registers, we conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study with 30 million person-years of follow-up. The data were collected from Danish longitudinal registers. A total of 3 million people born between 1955 and 2006 were followed up from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2011. During this period, 27,236 people died. The data were analyzed primarily in June 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated mortality rate ratios (MRRs), adjusted for calendar year, age, sex, maternal and paternal age, place of residence at birth, and somatic comorbidities, to compare persons with OCT with persons without OCD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 10,155 persons with OCD (5935 women and 4220 men with a mean [SD] age of 29.1 [11.3] years who contributed a total of 54,937 person-years of observation), 110 (1.1%) died during the average follow-up of 9.7 years. The risk of death by natural or unnatural causes was significantly higher among persons with OCD (MRR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.31-2.12] for natural causes; MRR, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.91-3.47] for unnatural causes) than among the general population. After the exclusion of persons with comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, or substance use disorders, OCD was still associated with increased mortality risk (MRR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.27-2.67]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of OCD was associated with a significantly increased mortality risk. Comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, or substance use disorders further increased the risk. However, after adjusting for these and somatic comorbidities, we found that the mortality risk remained significantly increased among persons with OCD.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.|Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.|Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre-Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattheisen
authors.affiliation: Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.|Research Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mors
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.|Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Schendel
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.|Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.|Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Preben B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.affiliation: Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.|Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre-Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kerstin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Plessen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000401:mortality*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Apr;171(4):453-62
references.pmid: 24434956
references.citation: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:425-48
references.pmid: 24313570
references.citation: World J Psychiatry. 2012 Feb 22;2(1):13-25
references.pmid: 24175164
references.citation: Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013 Mar-Apr;35(2):154-9
references.pmid: 23158675
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 2013 Feb;74(2):135-41
references.pmid: 23332528
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;203(3):297-302
references.pmid: 23969485
references.citation: BMJ. 2014 Apr 07;348:g2183
references.pmid: 24709802
references.citation: Scand J Public Health. 2011 Jul;39(7 Suppl):54-7
references.pmid: 21775352
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2013 Dec;33(8):1163-71
references.pmid: 24128603
references.citation: Depress Anxiety. 1996-1997;4(3):111-9
references.pmid: 9166639
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;72(1):17-26; quiz 119-20
references.pmid: 21272513
references.citation: BMJ. 2013 Mar 04;346:f557
references.pmid: 23462204
references.citation: Dan Med Bull. 1999 Jun;46(3):263-8
references.pmid: 10421985
references.citation: JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Apr;72(4):334-41
references.pmid: 25671328
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 2015 Aug;61:106-14
references.pmid: 26038283
references.citation: J Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Feb;40(2):139-48
references.pmid: 19728067
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2010 Aug;124(3):300-8
references.pmid: 20060171
references.citation: Lancet. 2009 Jun 27;373(9682):2201-14
references.pmid: 19560602
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015 Apr;131(4):297-306
references.pmid: 25243359
references.citation: Dan Med J. 2013 Feb;60(2):A4578
references.pmid: 23461991
references.citation: J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83
references.pmid: 3558716
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 May;162(5):876-82
references.pmid: 15863788
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Nov 1;178(9):1366-77
references.pmid: 24091891
references.citation: Lancet Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;2(6):515-23
references.pmid: 26360447
references.citation: Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012 Jun;14(3):220-8
references.pmid: 22477442
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;165(4):515-23
references.pmid: 18245176
references.citation: JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 May;71(5):573-81
references.pmid: 24806211
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;56(2):121-7
references.pmid: 10025435
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2011 May;130(3):395-404
references.pmid: 21112639
references.citation: Eur Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;13(8):392-8
references.pmid: 19698654
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;62(11):1249-57
references.pmid: 16275812
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jan 30;175(1-2):104-8
references.pmid: 19923009
references.citation: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004 Jun;254(3):156-64
references.pmid: 15205969
references.citation: Scand J Public Health. 2011 Jul;39(7 Suppl):26-9
references.pmid: 21775346
references.citation: Psychosomatics. 2011 Jan-Feb;52(1):65-73
references.pmid: 21300197
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2015 Jul;39:1-15
references.pmid: 25875222
references.citation: Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2009 Feb 12;5:4
references.pmid: 19216741
references.citation: Lancet. 2015 May 30;385(9983):2190-6
references.pmid: 25726514
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;169(1):64-70
references.pmid: 21955932
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 2014 Oct;55(7):1513-9
references.pmid: 25011690
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2010 May;167(5):580-8
references.pmid: 20123914
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;66(7):713-20
references.pmid: 19581562
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2013 Oct;103 Suppl 1:S46-55
references.pmid: 23927516
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005 Dec;112(6):409-14
references.pmid: 16279869
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;170(3):324-33
references.pmid: 23318474
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007 Jan;115(1):41-7
references.pmid: 17201865
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Feb;200(2):143-9
references.pmid: 22157799
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2007 Dec;41(11):928-33
references.pmid: 17049559
references.citation: Behav Ther. 2013 Sep;44(3):408-16
references.pmid: 23768668
references.citation: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;49(12):2013-22
references.pmid: 24907897