title: Weight control practices of Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Altering body weight can have substantial effects on an athlete's performance and well-being. Limited information is available describing the weight control practices of Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight control practices data from 188 (138 male and 50 female; 18-23 y) Division I NCAA athletes were analyzed as a part of this cross-sectional, retrospective study. Participants completed questionnaires on weight control practices and weight control nutrition knowledge at the end of their season and were classified into weight-sensitive and less weight-sensitive sports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher proportion of females attempted to lose weight than males among less weight-sensitive sports (61% vs. 22%, chi-square = 15.8, p < 0.001). However, the prevalence of weight loss attempts was not different between females and males among weight-sensitive sports (50% vs. 60%, chi-square = 0.5, p = 0.479). The prevalence of weight gain attempts differed by gender for less weight-sensitive sports (65% vs. 4% for males and females, chi-square = 33.5, p < 0.001) but not weight-sensitive sports (24% vs. 9% for males and females, chi-square = 2.1, p = 0.146). Weight control knowledge did not differ between participants attempting versus not attempting to lose weight (Mann-Whitney U = 3340, z = -1.37, p = 0.17). Common maladaptive behaviors used to lose weight included skipping meals and exercising more than usual.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight loss attempts are common among Division I NCAA athletes, and the differences between males and females may be more pronounced among less weight-sensitive sports. Weight gain attempts are more common in select male sports.
authors.affiliation: a Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA.|b Department of Human Movement Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Patrick B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: a Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Leilani A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Madrigal
authors.affiliation: a Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA.|c Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering , Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital , Lincoln , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burnfield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anthropometry; diet; disordered eating; nutrition assessment; sport nutrition