title: Epileptiform discharge propagation: Analyzing spikes from the onset to the peak.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate how often discharge propagation occurs within the spikes recorded in patients evaluated for epilepsy surgery, and to assess its impact on the accuracy of source imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed from 50 consecutive patients who had presurgical workup. Discharge propagation was analyzed using sequential voltage-maps of the averaged spikes, and principal components analysis. When propagation was detected, sources were modeled both at onset and peak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Propagation occurred in half of the patients. The median time of propagation between onset and peak was 17 ms. In 60% of the cases with propagation (15/25 patients) this remained in the same sub-lobar area where onset occurred. The accuracy of source imaging in cases of propagating spikes was 67% when only analyzing onset or peak. This was lower as compared to cases without propagation (79%). Combining source imaging at onset and at peak increased the accuracy to 83% for the propagating spikes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propagation occurs often in patients with focal epilepsy, evaluated for surgery. In 40% of the propagating cases, the source of onset and peak were in different sub-lobar regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For optimal clinical utility, sources should be modeled both at onset and at peak epochs of the spikes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Mihai Dragos
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mălîia
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pirgit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meritam
authors.affiliation: Research Department, BESA GmbH, Graefelfing, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherg
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabricius
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubboli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mîndruţă
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: sbz@filadelfia.dk.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beniczky
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EEG source imaging; Epilepsy surgery; Spike propagation