title: Symptom Frequency, Intensity, and Distress in Patients with Lower Limb Lymphedema.
abstract: Patients with lower limb lymphedema experience symptoms of pain, swelling, tightness, and heaviness in their legs. Less is known of the intensity and distress associated with these symptoms. This study sought to identify and compare the symptoms and the level of intensity and distress associated with symptoms by type of lymphatic disruption.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional design was used. Patients completed an online survey that included: a demographic form, the Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey-Leg, and an open-ended question. The most prevalent symptoms were swelling, concerns about looks, heaviness, tightness, fatigue, and reduced physical activity. Statistically significant differences were found among groups in coldness in legs (χ(2) (df=3) = 9.0, p = 0.03), lack of confidence in self (χ(2) (df=3) = 10.6, p = 0.014), and feeling less sexually attractive (χ(2) (df=6) = 12.6, p = 0.049). Group differences were also observed in the intensity of heaviness (χ(2) (df=3) = 9.11, p = 0.03), numbness, (χ(2) (df=3) = 10.66, p = 0.014), achiness (χ(2) (df=3) = 12.40, p = 0.006), skin flakiness (χ(2) (df=3) = 13.22, p = 0.004), and lack of interest in sex (χ(2) (df=3) = 8.95, p = 0.030). Statistically significant group differences were not found in distress related to symptoms.
  
  
  
  Despite the number of symptoms reported by patients with lower-limb lymphedema, only a few statistically significant differences in symptoms and level of intensity were observed by type of lymphatic disruption. No statistically significant group differences were found in the distress level associated with any of the symptoms.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Deonni P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Stolldorf
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Sheila H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ridner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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