title: Tropical stormwater nutrient degradation using nano-TiO2 in photocatalytic reactor detention pond.
abstract: The photo-degradation of nutrients in stormwater in photocatalytic reactor wet detention pond using nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) in concrete was investigated in a scale model as a new stormwater treatment method. Degradation of phosphate and nitrate in the presence of nano-TiO2 under natural ultra violet (UV) from tropical sunlight was monitored for 3 weeks compared with normal ponds. Two types of cement, including ordinary Portland and white cement mixed with TiO2 nano powder, were used as a thin cover to surround the body of the pond. Experiments with and without the catalyst were carried out for comparison and control. Average Anatase diameter of 25 nm and Rutile 100 nm nano particles were applied at three different mixtures of 3, 10 and 30% weight. The amounts of algae available orthophosphate and nitrate, which cause eutrophication in the ponds, were measured during the tests. Results revealed that the utilization of 3% up to 30% weight nano-TiO2 can improve stormwater outflow quality by up to 25% after 48 h and 57% after 3 weeks compared with the control sample in normal conditions with average nutrient (phosphate and nitrate) removal of 4% after 48 h and 10% after 3 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Hydraulic and Hydrology Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.affiliation: Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, University Technology Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur (UTMKL), Jln Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: supiahsham@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Supiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shamsudin
authors.affiliation: Civil and Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Raihan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shamsuddin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahid
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003252:Construction Materials; D004323:Drainage, Sanitary; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis; D061005:Ponds; D013472:Sunlight; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium