title: Native Cardiac Valve Pathology.
abstract: Anatomy of the native cardiac valves, reasons for surgical excision and examination, and a summary of the gross examination and documentation are presented. Aortic stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, tricuspid and pulmonary valve pathology, mitral stenosis, and mitral insufficiency are each presented with an overview, focused anatomy, and discussion of pathologic diagnosis by gross examination and histology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, CCW Room 4121, Box 117, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Veinot