title: Morphological Evolution of High-Voltage Spinel LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4 Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: The Critical Effects of Surface Orientations and Particle Size.
abstract: An evolution panorama of morphology and surface orientation of high-voltage spinel LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4 cathode materials synthesized by the combination of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique and a postcalcination process is presented. Nanoparticles, octahedral and truncated octahedral particles with different preferential growth of surface orientations are obtained. The structures of different materials are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of various morphologies (including surface orientations and particle size) on kinetic parameters, such as electronic conductivity and Li(+) diffusion coefficients, are investigated as well. Moreover, electrochemical measurements indicate that the morphological differences result in divergent rate capabilities and cycling performances. They reveal that appropriate surface-tailoring can satisfy simultaneously the compatibility of power capability and long cycle life. The morphology design for optimizing Li(+) transport and interfacial stability is very important for high-voltage spinel material. Overall, the crystal chemistry, kinetics and electrochemical performance of the present study on various morphologies of LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4 spinel materials have implications for understanding the complex impacts of electrode interface and electrolyte and rational design of rechargeable electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The outstanding performance of our truncated octahedral LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4 materials makes them promising as cathode materials to develop long-life, high energy and high power lithium-ion batteries.
authors.affiliation: MEET Battery Research Center & Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster , Corrensstr. 46&28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: MEET Battery Research Center & Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster , Corrensstr. 46&28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MEET Battery Research Center & Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster , Corrensstr. 46&28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: MEET Battery Research Center & Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster , Corrensstr. 46&28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 315201 Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , 200444 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: MEET Battery Research Center & Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster , Corrensstr. 46&28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kloepsch
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 315201 Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: MEET Battery Research Center & Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster , Corrensstr. 46&28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4; cathode material; lithium-ion batteries; microwave synthesis; morphology and surface orientation