title: The plasticity of intrinsic functional connectivity patterns associated with rehabilitation intervention in chronic stroke patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been demonstrated that rehabilitative interventions can promote motor function recovery in stroke patients. However, little is known regarding the neural mechanisms that underlie the rehabilitation treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasticity of intrinsic functional connectivity patterns that are associated with rehabilitation intervention in chronic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve chronic stroke patients with subcortical lesions in the left motor pathway participated in a 4-week rehabilitation intervention and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning before and after the intervention. Both functional connectivity analyses of the ipsilesional (left) primary motor cortex (M1) and measurements of the lateralization index of the connectivity patterns were performed in both the stroke patients and healthy controls (HC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the HC, the decreased connectivity of the ipsilesional M1 with the contralesional sensorimotor cortex (SMC), bilateral supplementary motor areas, and inferior parietal lobule due to stroke were remarkably restored after the intervention. More specifically, the lateralization index of the bilateral SMC tends to be the normal level. Moreover, comparing post- with pre-intervention, we observed significantly increased connectivity of ipsilesional M1 with the contralesional M1 and medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG). Additionally, the index of pre-intervention connectivity with the contralesional mSFG was positively correlated with motor improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of rehabilitation intervention on intrinsic functional connectivity patterns throughout the brain was measurable on resting-state fMRI, and systematic assessment of resting-state functional connectivity can provide prognostic insight for later motor improvement.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dazhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiayu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China. mxfan@phy.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation
keywords: Function connectivity; Motor recovery; Rehabilitation intervention; Resting state; Stroke
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