title: Perception of Lay People Regarding Determinants of Health and Factors Affecting It: An Aggregated Analysis from 29 Countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate the perception of lay people regarding determinants of health at global level and factors affecting it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected from International Social Survey Program (ISSP) and World Bank website. Multilevel regression analysis was done and lay people's perception regarding health behavior, environment, poverty and genes as health determinants was assessed. Various socio demographic factors were used as independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest percentage of people agreed environment as determinant of health. An inverse relationship was observed between GNI quartiles and an individual's agreement with poverty, health behavior, and environment as health determinant. There was a significant negative association of females with health damaging behavior (P<0.05) and positive association with environment and genes (P<0.05) as health determinants. Elderly people agreed with poverty as determinant of health (P<0.05). GNI was negatively related to environment (P<0.05) and poverty (P<0.05) as health determinant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The common public is now becoming aware of a broadened concept of health and people belonging to different backgrounds have different perceptions regarding determinants of health. Our results show that highest percentage of people agreed with environment as determinant of health, which is consistent with scientific view of increased burden of disease, caused by environmental factors. Thus, tailored health programs and policies that address an individual's specific problems are likely to induce a change in behavior and attitude, hence decreasing the disease burden.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Aqeela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zahra
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Whan
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Li-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Determinants of health; ISSP; Multilevel analysis; Tailored approach
references.citation: JAMA. 2007 Oct 24;298(16):1968
references.pmid: 17954551
references.citation: JAMA. 2004 Jun 2;291(21):2616-22
references.pmid: 15173153
references.citation: Am J Health Behav. 2003 Nov-Dec;27 Suppl 3:S227-32
references.pmid: 14672383
references.citation: J Genet Couns. 1995 Dec;4(4):281-300
references.pmid: 11655082
references.citation: Environ Health Prev Med. 2004 Sep;9(5):193-9
references.pmid: 21432303
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Feb;1248:107-23
references.pmid: 22092035
references.citation: Tob Control. 2010 Oct;19 Suppl 2:i18-23
references.pmid: 20935195
references.citation: Prev Med. 2004 Jul;39(1):182-90
references.pmid: 15208001
references.citation: J Health Polit Policy Law. 1993 Winter;18(4):881-904
references.pmid: 8120350
references.citation: Soz Praventivmed. 2003;48(4):242-51
references.pmid: 12971112
references.citation: Prev Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;51(3-4):214-21
references.pmid: 20558196
references.citation: J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Jul;20(7 Suppl):S278-83
references.pmid: 19560009
references.citation: J Immigr Minor Health. 2008 Oct;10(5):423-8
references.pmid: 18066716
references.citation: Public Health Rep. 2010 Jul-Aug;125 Suppl 4:1-5
references.pmid: 20629250
references.citation: Int J Health Serv. 2006;36(4):651-77
references.pmid: 17175840
references.citation: Appetite. 1999 Apr;32(2):171-90
references.pmid: 10097024
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2006 Feb;62(4):858-65
references.pmid: 16099574
references.citation: Respir Res. 2006 Oct 20;7:130
references.pmid: 17054776
references.citation: J Health Organ Manag. 2012;26(3):293-316
references.pmid: 22852453
references.citation: Milbank Q. 2009 Mar;87(1):7-47
references.pmid: 19298414
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):242-9
references.pmid: 15241422
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2015 Mar;128:43-51
references.pmid: 25589031
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1049-58
references.pmid: 15306389
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1997 Oct;87(10):1626-9
references.pmid: 9357343
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 1999 May;48(9):1221-35
references.pmid: 10220021
references.citation: Ann Fam Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;2(6):583-94
references.pmid: 15576545
references.citation: Lancet. 2003 Sep 13;362(9387):847-52
references.pmid: 13678970
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 1982;16(10):1079-91
references.pmid: 7112160
references.citation: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;36(1):44-52
references.pmid: 11929437
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2003 Apr;56(7):1595-604
references.pmid: 12614708
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2009 Dec;99(12):2289-95
references.pmid: 19762659
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Mar;21(3):267-75
references.pmid: 16336622
references.citation: CMAJ. 2006 Mar 28;174(7):923
references.pmid: 16567753
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2002 May;110(5):537-42
references.pmid: 12003760
references.citation: Milbank Q. 2008 Sep;86(3):481-513
references.pmid: 18798887