title: Dietary total antioxidant capacity in relation to endometrial cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of the overall antioxidant activity of diet, we estimated the relation between three dietary indices of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and endometrial cancer risk
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study including 454 women with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer, and 908 frequency-matched controls admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute non-neoplastic conditions. A reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire was used to assess subjects' habitual diet. TAC was measured using Italian food composition tables in terms of Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP). We computed odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional multiple logistic regression models, including terms for recognized endometrial cancer risk factors and total energy intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAC was inversely related to endometrial cancer risk with ORs for the highest versus the lowest quartile of 0.69 (95 % CI 0.47-1.00) for FRAP, 0.68 (95 % CI 0.46-0.99) for TEAC, and 0.68 (95 % CI 0.47-0.98) for TRAP. The relations appeared consistent in strata of selected risk factors and decreased when considering TAC without the contribution of coffee.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest a favorable role of a diet high in TAC on endometrial cancer risk, which can be partially driven by coffee consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy. mrossi@marionegri.it.|Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy. mrossi@marionegri.it.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ciociola
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraroni
authors.affiliation: Unit of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Università di Udine, p.le Kolbe, 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parpinel
authors.affiliation: Functional Food and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Research Center on Agriculture, CRA-NUT, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.|Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.|Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33080, Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zucchetto
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Institute, "G. Pascale" Foundation, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montella
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33080, Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.|Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 M Asias Street, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Pagona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee; D004032:Diet; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee
keywords: Diet; Endometrial cancer; Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity; Total antioxidant capacity