title: Inhibitory effect of glutamic acid on the scale formation process using electrochemical methods.
abstract: The formation of calcium carbonate CaCO3 in water has some important implications in geoscience researches, ocean chemistry studies, CO2 emission issues and biology. In industry, the scaling phenomenon may cause technical problems, such as reduction in heat transfer efficiency in cooling systems and obstruction of pipes. This paper focuses on the study of the glutamic acid (GA) for reducing CaCO3 scale formation on metallic surfaces in the water of Bir Aissa region. The anti-scaling properties of glutamic acid (GA), used as a complexing agent of Ca(2+) ions, have been evaluated by the chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in conjunction with a microscopic examination. Chemical and electrochemical study of this water shows a high calcium concentration. The characterization using X-ray diffraction reveals that while the CaCO3 scale formed chemically is a mixture of calcite, aragonite and vaterite, the one deposited electrochemically is a pure calcite. The effect of temperature on the efficiency of the inhibitor was investigated. At 30 and 40°C, a complete scaling inhibition was obtained at a GA concentration of 18 mg/L with 90.2% efficiency rate. However, the efficiency of GA decreased at 50 and 60°C.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire d'Energétique et d'Electrochimie du solide , Université Ferhat Abbas- Sétif 1 , Sétif , Algeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karar
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire d'Energétique et d'Electrochimie du solide , Université Ferhat Abbas- Sétif 1 , Sétif , Algeria.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naamoune
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire d'Energétique et d'Electrochimie du solide , Université Ferhat Abbas- Sétif 1 , Sétif , Algeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahoul
authors.affiliation: b Laboratoire de Biochimie appliquée , Université Ferhat Abbas- Sétif 1 , Sétif , Algeria.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belattar
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D062070:Hydrology
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Calcium carbonate; glutamic acid; inhibitor scaling; inhibitory scaling efficiency