title: Duration of Posttraumatic Amnesia Predicts Neuropsychological and Global Outcome in Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Examine the effects of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration on neuropsychological and global recovery from 1 to 6 months after complicated mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI).
  
  
  
  A total of 330 persons with cmTBI defined as Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15 in emergency department, with well-defined abnormalities on neuroimaging.
  
  
  
  Enrollment within 24 hours of injury with follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months.
  
  
  
  Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, California Verbal Learning Test II, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Duration of PTA was retrospectively measured with structured interview at 30 days postinjury.
  
  
  
  Despite all having a Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 13 to 15, a quarter of the sample had a PTA duration of greater than 7 days; half had PTA duration of 1 of 7 days. Both cognitive performance and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale outcomes were strongly associated with time since injury and PTA duration, with those with PTA duration of greater than 1 week showing residual moderate disability at 6-month assessment.
  
  
  
  Findings reinforce importance of careful measurement of duration of PTA to refine outcome prediction and allocation of resources to those with cmTBI. Future research would benefit from standardization in computed tomographic criteria and use of severity indices beyond Glasgow Coma Scale to characterize cmTBI.
authors.affiliation: Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (Dr Hart); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham (Dr Novack); Neurological Surgery and Biostatistics (Dr Temkin), Neurological Surgery (Mr Barber), Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, (Dr Dikmen), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Diaz-Arrastia); Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York (Dr Ricker); GH Sergievsky Center and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York (Dr Hesdorffer); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Jallo); Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Dr Hsu); and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Zafonte).
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Novack
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Temkin
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Sureyya S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dikmen
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diaz-Arrastia
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ricker
authors.forename: Dale C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hesdorffer
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jallo
authors.forename: Nancy H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zafonte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline
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