title: Thermal Regulation of the Brain-An Anatomical and Physiological Review for Clinical Neuroscientists.
abstract: Humans, like all mammals and birds, maintain a near constant core body temperature of 36-37.5°C over a broad range of environmental conditions and are thus referred to as endotherms. The evolution of the brain and its supporting structures in mammals and birds coincided with this development of endothermy. Despite the recognition that a more evolved and complicated brain with all of its temperature-dependent cerebral circuitry and neuronal processes would require more sophisticated thermal control mechanisms, the current understanding of brain temperature regulation remains limited. To optimize the development and maintenance of the brain in health and to accelerate its healing and restoration in illness, focused, and committed efforts are much needed to advance the fundamental understanding of brain temperature. To effectively study and examine brain temperature and its regulation, we must first understand relevant anatomical and physiological properties of thermoregulation in the head-neck regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation HospitalUrbana, IL, USA; Thermal Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Child Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kieran P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Normoyle
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; NeuroTech Group, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, Carle Foundation HospitalUrbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Llano
keywords: carotid rete; cerebral circulation; cerebral thermoregulation; cerebrovasculature; neuroanatomy
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