title: The effect of a dopamine antagonist on conditioning of sexual arousal in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dopamine (DA) plays a key role in reward-seeking behaviours. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that human sexual reward learning may also depend on DA transmission. However, research on the role of DA in human sexual reward learning is completely lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether DA antagonism attenuates classical conditioning of sexual response in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy women were randomly allocated to one of two treatment conditions: haloperidol (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29). A differential conditioning paradigm was applied with genital vibrostimulation as unconditional stimulus (US) and neutral pictures as conditional stimuli (CSs). Genital arousal was assessed, and ratings of affective value and subjective sexual arousal were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haloperidol administration affected unconditional genital responding. However, no significant effects of medication were found for conditioned responding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No firm conclusions can be drawn about whether female sexual reward learning implicates DA transmission since the results do not lend themselves to unambiguous interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, 2333, AK, The Netherlands. m.brom@lumc.nl.|Department of Psychosomatic Gynaecology & Sexology, VRSP, Leiden University Medical Centre, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Zone PG4-Z, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.brom@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Mirte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brom
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laan
authors.affiliation: Department Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018, XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Everaerd
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, 2333, AK, The Netherlands.|Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spinhoven
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Baptist
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trimbos
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Gynaecology & Sexology, VRSP, Leiden University Medical Centre, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Zone PG4-Z, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Both
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012201:Reward; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D006220:Haloperidol
keywords: Dopamine antagonist; Haloperidol; Sexual conditioning; Sexual response; Sexual reward learning
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