title: Unaugmented Muscle Union Surgery for Heavy Eye Syndrome Without Combined Medial Rectus Recession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Simple loop myopexy or retro-equitorial muscle union surgery has been shown to effectively treat the strabismus seen in heavy eye syndrome. In most cases, this has been described with combined recession of the medial rectus muscle, particularly where medial rectus contracture was demonstrated on forced duction testing intraoperatively. The authors report the outcomes of muscle union surgery alone without combined medial rectus recession in 29 eyes with heavy eye syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of 26 patients and 29 eyes with heavy eye syndrome treated with a simple loop myopexy procedure. The preoperative and postoperative deviations in primary position were measured along with restriction in ocular motility in abduction and elevation. Patients with residual esotropia and/or persistence of symptoms were offered a second-stage medial rectus recession procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 21 patients, muscle union was sufficient in improving the diplopia or cosmetic appearance of the eyes. In these cases, the average preoperative deviation improved from 21.2 ± 16.3 to 5.5 ± 9.1 prism diopters (PD). Eight eyes went on to have a second-stage medial rectus recession with excellent outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors found that muscle union surgery alone is an effective and successful procedure in restoring the ocular motility disturbance and also in treating heavy eye syndrome. There was a much lower incidence (up to 70% lower) of medial rectus recession than other similar case series. There were no cases of overcorrection and no complications.
authors.forename: Shveta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058452:Axial Length, Eye; D002648:Child; D004172:Diplopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology