title: Association between Functional Variables and Heart Failure after Myocardial Infarction in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure prediction after acute myocardial infarction may have important clinical implications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the functional echocardiographic variables associated with heart failure in an infarction model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into two groups: control and infarction. Subsequently, the infarcted animals were divided into groups: with and without heart failure. The predictive values were assessed by logistic regression. The cutoff values predictive of heart failure were determined using ROC curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six months after surgery, 88 infarcted animals and 43 control animals were included in the study. Myocardial infarction increased left cavity diameters and the mass and wall thickness of the left ventricle. Additionally, myocardial infarction resulted in systolic and diastolic dysfunction, characterized by lower area variation fraction values, posterior wall shortening velocity, E-wave deceleration time, associated with higher values of E / A ratio and isovolumic relaxation time adjusted by heart rate. Among the infarcted animals, 54 (61%) developed heart failure. Rats with heart failure have higher left cavity mass index and diameter, associated with worsening of functional variables. The area variation fraction, the E/A ratio, E-wave deceleration time and isovolumic relaxation time adjusted by heart rate were functional variables predictors of heart failure. The cutoff values of functional variables associated with heart failure were: area variation fraction < 31.18%; E / A > 3.077; E-wave deceleration time < 42.11 and isovolumic relaxation time adjusted by heart rate < 69.08.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In rats followed for 6 months after myocardial infarction, the area variation fraction, E/A ratio, E-wave deceleration time and isovolumic relaxation time adjusted by heart rate are predictors of heart failure onset.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bertha F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Polegato
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Minicucci
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Okoshi
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katashi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okoshi
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio A R
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zornoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
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