title: Chemokine/chemokine receptor pair CCL20/CCR6 in human colorectal malignancy: An overview.
abstract: Chemokines belong to a superfamily of small, cytokine-like proteins, which induce multiple physiological functions, particularly cytoskeletal rearrangement and compartment-specific migration through their interaction with G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors have been widely acknowledged as essential and selective mediators in leukocyte migration in inflammatory response. It is now established that the chemokine/chemokine receptor system is also used by cancer cells to direct lymphatic and haematogenous spreading and additionally has an impact on the site of metastatic growth of different tumours. In recent years an increasing number of studies have drawn attention to CC-chemokine cysteine motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) and its physiological sole receptor CCR6 to play a role in the onset, development and metastatic spread of various gastrointestinal cancer entities. Among various cancer types CCR6 was also demonstrated to be significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and stimulation by its physiological ligand CCL20 has been reported to promote CRC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Further, the CCL20/CCR6 system apparently plays a role in the organ-selective liver metastasis of CRC. Here we review the literature on expression patterns of CCL20 and CCR6 and their physiological interactions as well as the currently presumed role of CCL20 and CCR6 in the formation of CRC and the development of liver metastasis, providing a potential basis for novel treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Vilma Oliveira Frick, Claudia Rubie, Department of General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Vilma Oliveira
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.affiliation: Vilma Oliveira Frick, Claudia Rubie, Department of General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubie
authors.affiliation: Vilma Oliveira Frick, Claudia Rubie, Department of General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keilholz
authors.affiliation: Vilma Oliveira Frick, Claudia Rubie, Department of General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Pirus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghadjar
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054418:Chemokine CCL20 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D054399:Receptors, CCR6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C108355:CCL20 protein, human; C106311:CCR6 protein, human; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D008024:Ligands; D054399:Receptors, CCR6
keywords: CCR6; Chemokine ligand 20; Chemokine/chemokine receptor pair; Colorectal cancer; Liver; Metastasis
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