title: Antibacterial effects of conventional glass ionomer cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antibacterial activity of conventional glass ionomer cement against three different microorganism strains alone and following incorporation of 1, 2 and 3% Benzalkonium Chloride and Cetylpyridinium Chloride was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Agar diffusion method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of the conventional glass ionomer cement ChemFlex on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus. Bacterial strains were inoculated into BHIB, and incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere (37 °C). From the bacteria grown in the liquid medium, the density of the inoculum was set to be equivalent to McFarland 2 standard. In Shaedler agar, 350 μL of the bacterial suspension were equally spread. Specimens (4 mm × 6 mm) were prepared from the cement without and with addition of 1, 2 and 3% Benzalkonium Chloride and Cetylpyridinium Chloride. The inhibition zones were determined after 48 hours, after 2, 7 and 21 days of incubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination ChemFlex + Benzalkonium Chloride has the best effect on the three analysed bacteria. The Benzalkonium Chloride antibacterial compound has a stronger antibacterial effect than Cetylpyridinium Chloride.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glass ionomer cements can potentially be used as a medium for slow release of active antimicrobial components, and they have the potential to improve clinical outcomes of the cements (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 31).
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimkov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gjorgievska
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaftandzieva
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D002594:Cetylpyridinium
keywords: antimicrobial agents; benzalkonium chloride; cariogenic microorganisms.; cetylpyridinium chloride; glass ionomer cement