title: Risk factors for probable REM sleep behavior disorder: A community-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in a large-scale community-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This community-based study included 12,784 Chinese adults (10,556 men and 2,228 women, aged 24 years or older) who were free of Parkinson disease and dementia in 2012. Probable RBD (pRBD) status was determined by a validated questionnaire (Chinese RBD questionnaire-Hong Kong) in 2012. Potential risk factors-including age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, physical activity, obesity, consumption of tea (surrogate for caffeine intake) and alcohol, serum concentrations of lipids and glucose, and chronic disease status-were assessed in 2006. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and to test differences in prevalence of pRBD across exposures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of pRBD was 5.9% in men and 4.1% in women. In the fully adjusted model, risk factors that were significantly associated with a higher risk of having pRBD included lower education level, coal mining and other blue collar occupation, lower physical activity level, diabetes or prediabetes, lower body mass index, head injury, higher low-density lipoprotein level, and chronic olfactory and taste dysfunction. In sensitivity analyses, restricting to pRBD cases with symptom onset within 1 year or excluding coal miners or those with history of head injury generated similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found several potential risk factors for pRBD, including socioeconomic status, head injury, olfactory and taste dysfunction, and various cardiovascular risk factors. Future prospective studies to establish the temporal relationship between these potential risk factors and RBD are warranted.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.C.W., M.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (J.C.W., M.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.C.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., S.C., A.W., S.W.), Kailuan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, China; and Department of Nutritional Science (X.G.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
authors.forename: Janice C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.C.W., M.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (J.C.W., M.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.C.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., S.C., A.W., S.W.), Kailuan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, China; and Department of Nutritional Science (X.G.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
authors.forename: Junjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.C.W., M.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (J.C.W., M.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.C.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., S.C., A.W., S.W.), Kailuan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, China; and Department of Nutritional Science (X.G.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.C.W., M.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (J.C.W., M.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.C.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., S.C., A.W., S.W.), Kailuan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, China; and Department of Nutritional Science (X.G.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
authors.forename: Shuohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.C.W., M.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (J.C.W., M.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.C.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., S.C., A.W., S.W.), Kailuan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, China; and Department of Nutritional Science (X.G.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.C.W., M.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (J.C.W., M.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.C.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., S.C., A.W., S.W.), Kailuan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, China; and Department of Nutritional Science (X.G.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. xxg14@psu.edu drwusl@163.com.
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.C.W., M.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (J.C.W., M.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.C.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., S.C., A.W., S.W.), Kailuan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, China; and Department of Nutritional Science (X.G.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. xxg14@psu.edu drwusl@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
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