title: miRNAs as potential biomarkers in early breast cancer detection following mammography.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women, except for skin cancers. About 12 % women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. Currently one of the most accepted model/theories is that ductal breast cancer (most common type of breast cancer) follows a linear progression: from normal breast epithelial cells to ductal hyperplasia to atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and finally to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Distinguishing pure ADH diagnosis from DCIS and/or IDC on mammography, and even combined with follow-up core needle biopsy (CNB) is still a challenge. Therefore subsequent surgical excision cannot be avoided to make a definitive diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a highly abundant class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, which contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and are differentially expressed between normal and cancer tissues. They can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. With accumulating evidence of the role of miRNAs in breast cancer progression, including our own studies, we sought to summarize the nature of early breast lesions and the potential use of miRNA molecules as biomarkers in early breast cancer detection. In particular, miRNA biomarkers may potentially serve as a companion tool following mammography screening and CNB. In the long-term, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the miRNA signatures associated with breast cancer development could potentially result in the development of novel strategies for disease prevention and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
authors.forename: Sidney W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
authors.forename: Woojin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
authors.forename: Caitrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lean
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037 USA ; Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Research Lab and International Collaboration, Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System, 5801 Bremo Road, Richmond, VA 23226 USA.
authors.forename: Yan-Gao
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA.
authors.forename: Rachel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Brem
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