title: Feasibility of Using Soccer and Job Training to Prevent Drug Abuse and HIV.
abstract: Many young, South African men use alcohol and drugs and have multiple partners, but avoid health care settings-the primary site for delivery of HIV intervention activities. To identify the feasibility of engaging men in HIV testing and reducing substance use with soccer and vocational training programs. In two Cape Town neighborhoods, all unemployed men aged 18-25 years were recruited and randomized by neighborhood to: (1) an immediate intervention condition with access to a soccer program, random rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for alcohol and drug use, and an opportunity to enter a vocational training program (n = 72); or (2) a delayed control condition (n = 70). Young men were assessed at baseline and 6 months later by an independent team. Almost all young men in the two neighborhoods participated (98 %); 85 % attended at least one practice (M = 42.3, SD = 34.4); 71 % typically attended practice. Access to job training was provided to the 35 young men with the most on-time arrivals at practice, drug-free RDT, and no red cards for violence. The percentage of young men agreeing to complete RDT at soccer increased significantly over time; RDTs with evidence of alcohol and drug use decreased over time. At the pre-post assessments, the frequency of substance use decreased; and employment and income increased in the immediate condition compared to the delayed condition. HIV testing rates, health care contacts, sexual behaviors, HIV knowledge, condom use and attitudes towards women were similar over time. Alternative engagement strategies are critical pathways to prevent HIV among young men. This feasibility study shows that soccer and job training offer such an alternative, and suggest that a more robust evaluation of this intervention strategy be pursued.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 350, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. cchpublications@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rotheram-Borus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pyschology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.affiliation: Grassroot Soccer South Africa, 38 Hout Street, Cape Town City Centre, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.affiliation: Grassroot Soccer South Africa, 38 Hout Street, Cape Town City Centre, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.affiliation: Grassroot Soccer South Africa, 38 Hout Street, Cape Town City Centre, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeCelles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 350, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
authors.forename: Dallas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swendeman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D004651:Employment; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D021841:Safe Sex; D012736:Sex Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012916:Soccer; D013019:South Africa; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control; D014829:Vocational Education; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Drug abuse; HIV prevention; Soccer; Vocational training; Young men
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