title: Towards Validation of a New Computerised Test of Goal Neglect: Preliminary Evidence from Clinical and Neuroimaging Pilot Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Goal neglect is a significant problem following brain injury, and is a target for rehabilitation. It is not yet known how neural activation might change to reflect rehabilitation gains. We developed a computerised multiple elements test (CMET), suitable for use in neuroimaging paradigms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot correlational study and event-related fMRI study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Study 1, 18 adults with acquired brain injury were assessed using the CMET, other tests of goal neglect (Hotel Test; Modified Six Elements Test) and tests of reasoning. In Study 2, 12 healthy adults underwent fMRI, during which the CMET was administered under two conditions: self-generated switching and experimenter-prompted switching.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the clinical sample, CMET performance was positively correlated with both the Hotel Test (r = 0.675, p = 0.003) and the Modified Six Elements Test (r = 0.568, p = 0.014), but not with other clinical or demographic measures. In the healthy sample, fMRI demonstrated significant activation in rostro-lateral prefrontal cortex in the self-generated condition compared with the prompted condition (peak 40, 44, 4; ZE = 4.25, p(FWEcorr) = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These pilot studies provide preliminary evidence towards the validation of the CMET as a measure of goal neglect. Future studies will aim to further establish its psychometric properties, and determine optimum pre- and post-rehabilitation fMRI paradigms.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Breda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physics, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manly
authors.affiliation: Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057565:Apathy; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011581:Psychological Tests
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