title: [GENUS ANELLOVIRIDAE VIRUSES IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Viruses from genus Anelloviridae (TTV, TTMDV and TTMV) are small DNA viruses that are widespread in human popu- lation. Data on tissue tropism, cell localization and morphometry of anelloviruses are scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV, TTMDV and TTMV in persons with liver disease and in healthy individuals, as well as electron-microscopic verification of Anelloviridae species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection of anelloviral DNA was performed in serum samples from 203 patients with liver diseases of various etiology and 115 voluntary blood donors using PCR with primers allowing to differentiate TTV, TTMDV TTMV based on the length of amplified fragment. Histopathological and electron microscopic studies were performed for liver biopsy specimens from 203 patients with liver disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High prevalence (70-90%) of all three anelloviruses in healthy individuals and patients with liver disease was demonstrated, with high frequency of triple TTV, TTMDV and TTMV infection (52.2-55.7%). Electron-microscopic study of liver biopsy specimens from TTMDV monoinfected patients gave a submicroscopic image of TTMDV virions with diameter 35.86 ± 2.04 nm. Electron microscopic studies confirmed the nature of liver damage in TTMDV monoinfection: accumulation of virus in the hepatocytes, significant cyropathy with enlightenment matrix of the cytoplasm and reduction of intracellula organelles involved in protein synthesis, portal and perivascular perisinusoidal fibrosis. TTV, TTMDV and TTMV virions were dentified in hepatocytes, confirming these viruses to be hepatotropic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that anelloviruses are lymphotropic viruses, individual genotypes of those might be hepatotropic and pathogenic to liver.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Morozov
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zwerkova
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kyuregyan
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Karlsen
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Isaeva
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ilchenko
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Fedorov
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Kozhanova
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Gordeychuk
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Petrenko
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mikhailov
mesh_terms: D049811:Anelloviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D001782:Blood Donors; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male