title: The role of cytokines in first trimester pregnancy losses with fetal chromosomal anomaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The contribution of local inflammation to the pathophysiology of abnormal choromosomally miscarriages remains unclear The objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response at the maternofetal interface of women presenting with first trimester miscarriage with abnormal choromosomally
  
  
  METHODS
  Level of TNF-α , IL-6 ve IL-17 were asseyed using immunohistochemistry technique at decidual and placental bed biopsy samples from 23 women with elective termination of pregnancy 21 euploid and 18 aneuploid missed miscarriages. Immunostainig for TNF-α, IL-6 ve IL-17 has been evaluated semi-quantitatively by 'quickscore' method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the intensity of TNF-α staining was high in the miscarriage group, and this has been found in previous studies. Unlike some previous studies, the intensity of IL-6 staining was higher in the miscarriage groups only in decidual glandular epithelium. The intensity of IL-6 staining was found to be higher in the miscarriage group with chromosome anomaly than in the miscarriage group without chromosome anomaly. There was no significant difference in IL-17 levels between any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokines are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy but the exact mechanism between them and the mutual regulation relationship were not been fully understood, which need our further study.
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kasap
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaarslan
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gene
authors.forename: Esra B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Nur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guclu
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000276:immunology*; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000276:immunology; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000276:immunology*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D014314:Trisomy / Q000276:immunology*; D000073842:Trisomy 18 Syndrome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha