title: Fixed-route monitoring and a comparative study of the occurrence of herbicide-resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) along a Japanese roadside.
abstract: Previously, we conducted a roadside survey to reveal the occurrence of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape along a Japanese roadside (Route 51). In this study, we performed successive and thorough fixed-route monitoring in 5 sections along another road (Route 23). Oilseed rape plants were detected on both sides of the road in each section between autumn 2009 and winter 2013, which included 3 flowering seasons. In four sections, more plants were found on the side of the road leading from the Yokkaichi port than on the opposite side. In the fifth section, the presence of clogged drains on the roadside, where juvenile plants concentrated, caused the opposite distribution: oilseed rape predominantly occurred along the inbound lanes (leading to the Yokkaichi port) in 2010 and 2012. Unlike in our previous survey, glyphosate- or glufosinate-resistant oilseed rape plants were abundant (>75% of analyzed plants over 3 years). Moreover, a few individuals bearing both herbicide resistance traits were also detected in some sections. The spillage of imported seeds may explain the occurrence of oilseed rape on the roadside. The abundance of herbicide-resistant oilseed rape plants may reflect the extent of contamination with GM oilseed rape seed within imports.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aono
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saji
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D053209:Herbicide Resistance; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007564:Japan; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate; C003121:phosphinothricin
keywords: Brassica napus; GM plants; environmental concern; fixed-route monitoring; genetically modified crop; herbicide resistance; oilseed rape; roadside monitoring; seed spillage; seed transport
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