title: Stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy of the resection cavity in patients with one to three brain metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study is to evaluate the role of stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) in patients with one to three brain metastases after surgical resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective single-institutional study in patients undergoing SFRT of surgical cavity after resection of ≤3 brain metastases. 60 patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases treated with SFRT following resection were included. The total irradiation dose was 30 Gy (5 Gy/d, BED 45 Gy) after complete macroscopical resection and 35 Gy (5 Gy/d, BED 52.5 Gy) in patients with macroscopic residual tumour after surgery. Macroscopic residual tumour was defined as contrast enhancement next to the resection cavity on the postoperative T1-MRI. The gross tumour volume (GTV) encompassing the residual tumour was delineated on the T1-MRI, the clinical target volume (CTV) encompassed the surgical cavity plus 1mm and the planning target volume (PTV) the CTV plus 2mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of 60 patients had no imaging follow-up due to morbidity/mortality. Two of 52 (3.8%) patients experienced local failures only, 25 of 52 (48.1%) patients experienced distant intracranial failures only and 4 (7.7%) patients experienced both local and distant intracranial failures. In summary, there were 6 (11.5%) local failures and 29 (55.8%) distant failures. Age was significant for local control in the Cox regression test (p=0.046). Thirty-seven of 60 (61.7%) patients died during follow-up. Median follow-up was 8 months. Median overall survival was 15 months. Cox regression for survival was significant for KPS score ≤70% and size of PTV. No severe side effects were seen. Patients undergoing whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) as salvage therapy in case of progression had no severe side effects either.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the light of encouraging local control rates, SFRT could be an alternative to WBRT after surgical resection of ≤3 brain metastases. Due to the high rate of distant intracranial failure regular follow-up with MRI is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: angelika.bilger@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oehlke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmucker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weyerbrock
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø 8092, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nieder
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anca-Ligia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Grosu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000628:therapy*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Adjuvant treatment; Brain metastases; Local control; SFRT