title: Emotion regulation strategies in trauma-related disorders: pathways linking neurobiology and clinical manifestations.
abstract: Emotion regulation impairments with traumatic origins have mainly been studied from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) models by studying cases of adult onset and single-incident trauma exposure. The effects of adverse traumatic experiences, however, go beyond the PTSD. Different authors have proposed that PTSD, borderline personality, dissociative, conversive and somatoform disorders constitute a full spectrum of trauma-related conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the neurobiological findings covering this posttraumatic spectrum is needed in order to develop an all-encompassing model for trauma-related disorders with emotion regulation at its center. The present review has sought to link neurobiology findings concerning cortico-limbic function to the field of emotion regulation. In so doing, trauma-related disorders have been placed in a continuum between under- and over-regulation of affect strategies. Under-regulation of affect was predominant in borderline personality disorder, PTSD with re-experiencing symptoms and positive psychoform and somatoform dissociative symptoms. Over-regulation of affect was more prevalent in somatoform disorders and pathologies characterized by negative psychoform and somatoform symptoms. Throughout this continuum, different combinations between under- and over-regulation of affect strategies were also found.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Del Río-Casanova
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Páramo
authors.forename: Annemiek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Dijke
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brenlla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009446:Neurobiology / Q000379:methods; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*