title: Fe3C-filled carbon nanotubes: permanent cylindrical nanomagnets possessing exotic magnetic properties.
abstract: The present study aims to deduce the confinement effect on the magnetic properties of iron carbide (Fe3C) nanorods filled inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and to document any structural phase transitions that can be induced by compressive/tensile stress generated within the nanorod. Enhancement in the magnetic properties of the nanorods is attributed to tensile stress as well as to compression, present in the radial direction and along the nanotube axis, respectively. Finally, the growth of permanent cylindrical nanomagnets has been optimized by applying a field gradient. Besides presenting the growth model of in situ filling, we have also proposed the mechanism of magnetization of the nanotubes. Magnetization along the tube axis has been probed by confirming the pole formation. Fe3C has been selected because of its ease of formation, low TC and incompressibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. pawan.phy@dce.edu.
authors.forename: Reetu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. pawan.phy@dce.edu.
authors.forename: Lucky
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krishnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. pawan.phy@dce.edu.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. pawan.phy@dce.edu and National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kotnala
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Juluri
authors.affiliation: Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Jakkasandra, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagaram Dist, Karnataka 562 112, India.
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Bhatta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Satyam
authors.affiliation: Solid State Physics Laboratory, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Brajesh S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. pawan.phy@dce.edu.
authors.forename: Zainab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. pawan.phy@dce.edu.
authors.forename: Pawan K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tyagi