title: Cost-Effectiveness of Recombinant Activated Factor VII as Adjunctive Therapy for Bleeding Control in Severely Injured Trauma Patients in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) as adjunctive therapy for the control of bleeding in patients with severe blunt trauma injuries in Germany. The primary outcome measure was incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a cost-effectiveness model based on patient-level data from a 30 day international, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial. The data were supplemented with secondary data from the German Trauma Register and German life tables to estimate lifetime costs and benefits. We assumed that the non-significant difference in mortality observed in the phase II trial of 5% in favor of rFVIIa could be verified in the ongoing, much larger follow-up trauma study. We adopted the perspective of third-party payers in Germany, and included all trauma-related healthcare costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incremental cost per QALY gained with rFVIIa relative to placebo was e29,451. The probability that this was below e30,000 and e40,000 was 51 and 58%, respectively. The estimates were sensitive to the differences observed in mortality and the applied discount rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on preliminary evidence from a phase II trial, we conclude that, relative to placebo, rFVIIa may be a cost-effective therapy from the thirdparty payer perspective in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany. Rossaint@post.rwth-aachen.de.|Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Rossaint@post.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
authors.affiliation: Global Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Philip Iau Tsau
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Choong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johannesburg Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Boffard
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riou
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rizoli
authors.affiliation: Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.affiliation: University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lefering
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morris
keywords: Cost-Effectiveness analysis; Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa); Trauma; Uncontrolled bleeding