title: Comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for controlling hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a new class of glucose-lowering drugs, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective for controlling hyperglycaemia, however, the relative effectiveness and safety of 6 recently available SGLT2 inhibitors have rarely been studied. Therefore, we aim to perform pairwise comparisons of the 6 SGLT2 inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and network meta-analysis will be conducted. Clinical studies that examine effectiveness and safety of either canagliﬂozin, dapagliﬂozin, empagliﬂozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin or luseogliflozin will be included. These studies will be systematically retrieved in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, from inception to November 2015. Two reviewers will independently screen for eligible studies and then extract data from the studies as well as assess risk of bias. Discrepancies in screening and data extraction will be arbitrated by a third reviewer. A traditional meta-analysis will be performed to combine the effect sizes calculated from head-to-head comparisons with a random effect model. The effect sizes computed from indirect comparisons will be further combined in a network meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be tested with the Cochrane's Q statistic, and publication bias will be assessed using a funnel plot and the Egger's test.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Relative effectiveness and harms of the 6 SGLT2 inhibitors will be demonstrated through this systematic review and network meta-analysis. The result of the review will be disseminated through a peer-review journal and conference presentations. Patients, clinicians and policymakers will benefit from this review in selecting a SGLT2 inhibitor for glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PROSPERO CRD42015025981.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture & Tuina College/The Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: The Third Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Third Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Qiao
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic; D055815:Young Adult; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins
keywords: SGLT2 inhibitors; hyperglycemia; network meta-analysis; study protocol
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2013 Aug 20;159(4):262-74
references.pmid: 24026259
references.citation: J Diabetes Investig. 2015 Jul;6(4):443-53
references.pmid: 26221523
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2014 Jan;37 Suppl 1:S81-90
references.pmid: 24357215
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2015 Jan;38(1):140-9
references.pmid: 25538310
references.citation: JAMA. 2014 Mar 26;311(12):1225-33
references.pmid: 24668104
references.citation: J Diabetes Investig. 2014 Jul;5(4):382-91
references.pmid: 25411597
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995 May;28(2):103-17
references.pmid: 7587918
references.citation: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Oct;16(10):984-93
references.pmid: 24766495
references.citation: Diabet Med. 2015 Dec;32(12):1530-40
references.pmid: 26104021
references.citation: Stat Med. 2002 Aug 30;21(16):2313-24
references.pmid: 12210616
references.citation: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 May;16(5):457-66
references.pmid: 24320621
references.citation: BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008;8:79
references.pmid: 19036172
references.citation: BMJ Open. 2012 Oct 18;2(5):null
references.pmid: 23087012
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2012 Jun;35(6):1364-79
references.pmid: 22517736
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2009 Nov;32(11):2027-32
references.pmid: 19875604
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Jul 2;378(9785):31-40
references.pmid: 21705069
references.citation: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Nov;71(11):1325-32
references.pmid: 26282731
references.citation: BMJ Open. 2014;4(8):e005378
references.pmid: 25232561
references.citation: BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:35
references.pmid: 23496991
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):145-50
references.pmid: 20978099
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2013 Sep;36(9):2690-6
references.pmid: 23637354
references.citation: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 May;16(5):433-42
references.pmid: 24237939
references.citation: Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014;13:65
references.pmid: 24678906
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):1680-6
references.pmid: 26203064
references.citation: Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015 Jul;54(7):691-708
references.pmid: 25805666
references.citation: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Jul;16(7):628-35
references.pmid: 24443793
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2012 Jun;35(6):1232-8
references.pmid: 22492586
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 26;373(22):2117-28
references.pmid: 26378978
references.citation: Res Synth Methods. 2012 Jun;3(2):98-110
references.pmid: 26062084
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2011 Jul;29(7):1253-69
references.pmid: 21505352
references.citation: Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 Aug;8(8):495-502
references.pmid: 22310849
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2013 Jul 16;159(2):130-7
references.pmid: 23856683
references.citation: Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014;13:28
references.pmid: 24475922
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):1687-93
references.pmid: 26078479
references.citation: PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0125879
references.pmid: 25919293
references.citation: Diabetes. 2010 Aug;59(8):2020-6
references.pmid: 20484138
references.citation: Res Synth Methods. 2012 Dec;3(4):312-24
references.pmid: 26053424
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 1997 May;97(5):481-8
references.pmid: 9145085
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):2849-52
references.pmid: 26086329
references.citation: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Feb;16(2):147-58
references.pmid: 23906415