title: Automated Multiplug Filtration Cleanup for Pesticide Residue Analyses in Kiwi Fruit (Actinidia chinensis) and Kiwi Juice by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: To reduce labor-consuming manual operation workload in the cleanup steps, an automated multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) method for QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extracts was developed. It could control the volume and speed of pulling and pushing cycles accurately. In this study, m-PFC was based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed with primary-secondary amines (PSA) and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in a packed column for analysis of pesticide residues followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. It was validated by analyzing 33 pesticides in kiwi fruit and kiwi juice matrices spiked at two concentration levels of 10 and 100 μg/kg. Salts, sorbents, m-PFC procedure, 4 mL of automated pulling and pushing volume, 6 mL/min automated pulling speed, and 8 mL/min pushing speed were optimized for each matrix. After optimization, spike recoveries were within 71-120% and <20% RSD for all analytes in kiwi fruit and kiwi juice. Matrix-matched calibrations were performed with the coefficients of determination >0.99 between concentration levels of 10 and 1000 μg/kg. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of pesticide residues in market samples.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jingru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yongtao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi University , Nanning 530005, China.
authors.forename: Ronghua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi University , Nanning 530005, China.
authors.forename: Xuesheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Canping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D029042:Actinidia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001331:Automation / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: MWCNTs; automated; kiwi fruit and kiwi juice; m-PFC; pesticide multiresidue analysis