title: Propionibacterium acnes: Disease-Causing Agent or Common Contaminant? Detection in Diverse Patient Samples by Next-Generation Sequencing.
abstract: Propionibacterium acnesis the most abundant bacterium on human skin, particularly in sebaceous areas.P. acnesis suggested to be an opportunistic pathogen involved in the development of diverse medical conditions but is also a proven contaminant of human clinical samples and surgical wounds. Its significance as a pathogen is consequently a matter of debate. In the present study, we investigated the presence ofP. acnesDNA in 250 next-generation sequencing data sets generated from 180 samples of 20 different sample types, mostly of cancerous origin. The samples were subjected to either microbial enrichment, involving nuclease treatment to reduce the amount of host nucleic acids, or shotgun sequencing. We detected high proportions ofP. acnesDNA in enriched samples, particularly skin tissue-derived and other tissue samples, with the levels being higher in enriched samples than in shotgun-sequenced samples.P. acnesreads were detected in most samples analyzed, though the proportions in most shotgun-sequenced samples were low. Our results show thatP. acnescan be detected in practically all sample types when molecular methods, such as next-generation sequencing, are employed. The possibility of contamination from the patient or other sources, including laboratory reagents or environment, should therefore always be considered carefully whenP. acnesis detected in clinical samples. We advocate that detection ofP. acnesalways be accompanied by experiments validating the association between this bacterium and any clinical condition.
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark sarah.mollerup@snm.ku.dk ajhansen@snm.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mollerup
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friis-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vinner
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas Arn
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Stine Raith
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fridholm
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jose Alejandro Romero
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Disease Systems Biology Program, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brunak
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jose M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Izarzugaza
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mourier
authors.affiliation: Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, and Aalborg University, Health Sciences, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars Peter
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark sarah.mollerup@snm.ku.dk ajhansen@snm.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Anders Johannes
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
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