title: US-localized diffuse optical tomography in breast cancer: comparison with pharmacokinetic parameters of DCE-MRI and with pathologic biomarkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To correlate parameters of Ultrasonography-guided Diffuse optical tomography (US-DOT) with pharmacokinetic features of Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and pathologic markers of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. Thirty seven breast cancer patients received US-DOT and DCE-MRI with less than two weeks in between imaging sessions. The maximal total hemoglobin concentration (THC) measured by US-DOT was correlated with DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters, which included K(trans), k ep and signal enhancement ratio (SER). These imaging parameters were also correlated with the pathologic biomarkers of breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The parameters THC and SER showed marginal positive correlation (r = 0.303, p = 0.058). Tumors with high histological grade, negative ER, and higher Ki-67 expression ≥ 20% showed statistically higher THC values compared to their counterparts (p = 0.019, 0.041, and 0.023 respectively). Triple-negative (TN) breast cancers showed statistically higher K(trans) values than non-TN cancers (p = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THC obtained from US-DOT and K(trans) obtained from DCE-MRI were associated with biomarkers indicative of a higher aggressiveness in breast cancer. Although US-DOT and DCE-MRI both measured the vascular properties of breast cancer, parameters from the two imaging modalities showed a weak association presumably due to their different contrast mechanisms and depth sensitivities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. mines@yuhs.ac.|Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. mines@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. msu@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Min-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. hjyu@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Hon J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. jeonhc@uci.edu.|Department of Radiology, Eda Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. jeonhc@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Jeon-Hor
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. ekkim@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. artemis4u@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. zzisu@hanmail.net.|Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. zzisu@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Ji Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D006454:Hemoglobins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
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