title: Clinical and Epidemiological Factors Associated with Mortality in Parkinson's Disease in a Brazilian Cohort.
abstract: Background. Prognosis of PD is variable. Most studies show higher mortality rates in PD patients compared to the general population. Clinical and epidemiologic factors predicting mortality are poorly understood. Methods. Clinical and epidemiologic features including patient history and physical, functional, and cognitive scores were collected from a hospital-based cohort of PD patients using standardized protocols and clinical scales. Data on comorbidities and mortality were collected on follow-up. Results. During a mean follow-up of 4.71 years (range 1-10), 43 (20.9%) of the 206 patients died. Those who died had higher mean age at disease onset than those still alive at the last follow-up (67.7 years versus 56.3 years; p < 0.01). In the univariate analysis, age at baseline was associated with decreased survival. In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, age at disease onset and race/ethnicity were predictors of mortality. Conclusions. Late age at disease onset and advanced chronological age are associated with decreased survival. Comorbidities and PD characteristics were not associated with decreased survival in our sample. Race/ethnicity was found in our study to be associated with increased hazard of mortality. Our findings indicate the importance of studying survival among different populations of PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040060 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, 90035001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Costa
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Mariana Peixoto
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Socal
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Artur Francisco Schumacher
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040060 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos R M
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rieder
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;67(3):300-7
references.pmid: 10449550
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2001 Oct;58(10):1611-5
references.pmid: 11594919
references.citation: Brain. 2002 Apr;125(Pt 4):861-70
references.pmid: 11912118
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Apr 15;49(2):156-63
references.pmid: 12687505
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2003 Nov;18(11):1312-6
references.pmid: 14639673
references.citation: Neurology. 2004 Mar 23;62(6):937-42
references.pmid: 15037696
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992 Mar;55(3):181-4
references.pmid: 1564476
references.citation: J Neurol. 2006 Jan;253(1):33-7
references.pmid: 16021349
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2005 Aug;62(8):1265-9
references.pmid: 16087767
references.citation: Neurology. 2005 Nov 8;65(9):1436-41
references.pmid: 16275832
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2006 Jun;21(6):800-8
references.pmid: 16482566
references.citation: Neurology. 2008 Apr 15;70(16 Pt 2):1423-30
references.pmid: 18413567
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2009 Apr 30;24(6):819-25
references.pmid: 19224612
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2009 Nov;66(11):1353-8
references.pmid: 19901166
references.citation: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010 Aug;16(7):434-7
references.pmid: 20570207
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;81(10):1093-8
references.pmid: 20571039
references.citation: Neurology. 2010 Oct 5;75(14):1270-6
references.pmid: 20921512
references.citation: Neurology. 1990 Oct;40(10):1529-34
references.pmid: 2215943
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2012 May;69(5):601-7
references.pmid: 22213411
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013 Nov;84(11):1258-64
references.pmid: 23781007
references.citation: Parkinsons Dis. 2014;2014:426976
references.pmid: 24616821
references.citation: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 Jun;20(6):613-6
references.pmid: 24679900
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1615-22
references.pmid: 24821648
references.citation: Neurology. 2014 Jul 29;83(5):406-12
references.pmid: 24975862
references.citation: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 Nov;20(11):1181-5
references.pmid: 25219972
references.citation: Dement Neuropsychol. 2010 Jan-Mar;4(1):35-41
references.pmid: 29213658
references.citation: Med Care. 1996 Jan;34(1):73-84
references.pmid: 8551813