title: IFNγ-Inducible Chemokines Decrease upon Selenomethionine Supplementation in Women with Euthyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis: Comparison between Two Doses of Selenomethionine (80 or 160 μg) versus Placebo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have suggested that selenium may influence the natural history of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Recently, IFNγ-inducible chemokines (CXCL-9, -10 and -11) were shown to be elevated in AIT patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two doses of selenomethionine (Semet; 80 or 160 µg/day) versus placebo in euthyroid women with AIT, in terms of reduction of anti-thyroid antibodies, CXCL-9, -10 and -11 and improvement of thyroid echogenicity, over 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients, aged 21-65 years, were equally randomized into 3 groups: placebo, 80 µg/day of Semet (80-Semet) or 160 µg/day of Semet (160-Semet).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels remained unaffected by Semet supplementation; anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels showed a significant reduction in the 160-Semet and the placebo group at 12 months. No significant change in thyroid echogenicity, thyroid volume and quality of life was observed within and between the groups. Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 2 patients of the placebo group versus 1 patient in each Semet group. Serum CXCL-9 and -10 were significantly reduced in both Semet groups at 6 and 12 months, while they remained unchanged or increased in the placebo group. CXCL-11, TNFα and IFNγ showed a transient decrease at 6 months in both Semet groups but returned nearly to the basal levels at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Semet supplementation had no positive effect on thyroid echogenicity or TPOAb in our patients. However, we observed a Semet-dependent downregulation of the IFNγ-inducible chemokines, especially CXCL-9 and -10, which may serve as helpful biomarkers in future selenium supplementation trials.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pilli
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cantara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schomburg
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cenci
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardinale
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ellen C D
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Heid
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Eike C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cevenini
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Fausta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sestini
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Hauw
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Furio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacini
keywords: Chemokines; Selenomethionine; Thyroiditis
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