title: The impact of home, work, and church environments on fat intake over time among rural residents: a longitudinal observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary behaviors are influenced by many individual and environmental factors. This study explores how dietary fat intake in high-risk midlife adults living in the rural south is influenced by three behavior settings, i.e. in the home, at work, and at church.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report data were collected from rural African American or Caucasian adults age 40-70 at three time points at baseline, 6, and 12 months post baseline. Multilevel analyses investigated the impact of determinants of fat intake over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Home and work environments varied significantly over time in regard to healthy eating while church environments remained stable. Age, gender, and self-efficacy for healthy eating were individual factors associated with fat intake. In the home, presence of more high fat items, a time-varying variable, was significant. In the work environment, having access to healthy foods as well as healthy eating programs has positive impact as did hearing healthy eating messages and availability of healthy foods at church.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding stability and variability of dietary fat intake from a social ecologic perspective will aid in identifying targets of change for intervention. Understanding which components of key behavior settings are dynamic and which are relatively stable will help to disentangle the complexity of multi-level determinants of dietary behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. Regine.Haardoerfer@Emory.edu.|Emory Prevention Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. Regine.Haardoerfer@Emory.edu.
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haardörfer
authors.affiliation: Emory Prevention Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alcantara
authors.affiliation: Primary Care of Southwest Georgia, Inc, Blakely, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.|Emory Prevention Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kegler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002835:Christianity; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats
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