title: Comparative Evaluation of Frictional Properties, Load Deflection Rate and Surface Characteristics of Different Coloured TMA Archwires - An Invitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During tooth movement the success of sliding mechanics is dependent upon various factors which include frictional resistance at bracket-archwire interface, surface roughness of archwire materials and elastic properties of archwires. Ion implantation techniques reduce the frictional force and allow better tooth movement clinically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the frictional properties, load deflection rate and surface characteristics of Honey dew and Purple coloured (Ion implanted) TMA wires with uncoated TMA wires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen archwire samples were divided into three groups comprising of five samples in each group namely, Group I - Uncoated TMA wires (Control), Group II - Purple coloured TMA wires and Group III- Honey dew TMA wires. Friction and load deflection rate testing were performed with the Instron Universal testing machine and the surface characteristics of the wires were evaluated before and after sliding using Scanning Electron Microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean frictional characteristics and surface roughness for Honey dew TMA wires was lesser than Purple coloured TMA wires which was statistically significant. Both the coloured TMA wires showed low frictional characteristics and less surface roughness than uncoated TMA wires (the control). The mean load deflection rate was low for both coloured ion implanted TMA wires when compared to uncoated TMA wires which was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coloured ion implanted TMA wires, especially Honey dew TMA wires have low friction, low load deflection rate and improved surface finish. Hence they can be used in frictionless as well as sliding mechanics, where uncoated TMA wires are inefficient.
authors.affiliation: Practising Orthodontist, Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Arul Pradeep
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aloysius
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital , Maduravoyal, Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Devaki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vijayalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Mardaselios Dental College , Kothamangalam, Kerala .
authors.lastname: Deepika
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital , Maduravoyal, Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Nagachandran Kandasamy
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Soundararajan
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital , Maduravoyal, Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Vijaykumar Neelam
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Manohar
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital , Maduravoyal, Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Nayeemullah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Friction; Ion implantation; Mechanical properties
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