title: Abdominal Compartment Syndrome and Intra-abdominal Ischemia in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe acute pancreatitis may be complicated by intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), and intestinal ischemia. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe the incidence, treatment, and outcome of patients with severe acute pancreatitis and ACS, in particular the occurrence of intestinal ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients admitted with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to the ICU of a tertiary referral center were reviewed. The criteria proposed by the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS) were used to determine whether patients had IAH or ACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine patients with severe acute pancreatitis were identified. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurements were performed in 29 patients (49.2 %). IAH was present in all patients (29/29). ACS developed in 13/29 (44.8 %) patients. Ten patients with ACS underwent decompressive laparotomy. A large proportion of patients with ACS had intra-abdominal ischemia upon laparotomy: 8/13 (61.5 %). Mortality was high in both the ACS group and the IAH group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that ACS is common in severe acute pancreatitis. Intra-abdominal ischemia occurs in a large proportion of patients with ACS. Swift surgical intervention may be indicated when conservative measures fail in patients with ACS. National and international guidelines need to be updated so that routine IAP measurements become standard of care for patients with severe acute pancreatitis in the ICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care (BA 49), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. m.smit@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care (BA 49), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Buddingh
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care (BA 49), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bosma
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijs
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hofker
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care (BA 49), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D059325:Intra-Abdominal Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
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