title: Experimental evaluation of inactivated and live attenuated vaccines against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides.
abstract: The current control method for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Africa is vaccination with a live, attenuated strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). However, this method is not very efficient and often causes serious adverse reactions. Several studies have attempted to induce protection using inactivated mycoplasma, but with widely contradictory results. Therefore, we compared the protective capacity of the live T1/44 vaccine with two inactivated preparations of Mmm strain Afadé, inoculated with an adjuvant. Protection was measured after a challenge with Afadé. The protection levels were 31%, 80.8% and 74.1% for the formalin-inactivated, heat-inactivated and live attenuated preparations, respectively. These findings indicate that low doses of heat-inactivated Mmm can offer protection to a level similar to the current live attenuated (T1/44) vaccine formulation.
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Biotechnology Research Institute, P.O. Box 14733 00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: martin.mwirigi@kalro.org.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwirigi
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Veterinary Science Research Institute, P.O. Box 32-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nkando
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Racheal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aye
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Biotechnology Research Institute, P.O. Box 14733 00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soi
authors.affiliation: University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Horace
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochanda
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, 120 Veterinary Road Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berberov
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, 120 Veterinary Road Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, 120 Veterinary Road Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, 120 Veterinary Road Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez-Casal
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naessens
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Veterinary Science Research Institute, P.O. Box 32-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Hezron
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wesonga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000276:immunology; D011002:Pleuropneumonia, Contagious / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia; Inactivated vaccine; Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides