title: Salinity-induced inhibition of growth in the aquatic pteridophyte Azolla microphylla primarily involves inhibition of photosynthetic components and signaling molecules as revealed by proteome analysis.
abstract: Salinity stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in the growth and productivity of a plant. Azolla, a symbiotic pteridophyte and potent candidate for biofertilizer due to its nitrogen fixation ability, shows reduced growth and nitrogen fixation during saline stress. To better understand regulatory components involved in salinity-induced physiological changes, in the present study, Azolla microphylla plants were exposed to NaCl (6.74 and 8.61 ds/m) and growth, photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, ion accumulation, and changes in cellular proteome were studied. Maximum dry weight was accumulated in control and untreated plant while a substantial decrease in dry weight was observed in the plants exposed to salinity. Exposure of the organism to different concentrations of salt in hydroponic conditions resulted in differential level of Na+and K+ion accumulation. Comparative analysis of salinity-induced proteome changes in A. microphylla revealed 58 salt responsive proteins which were differentially expressed during the salt exposure. Moreover, 42 % spots among differentially expressed proteins were involved in different signaling events. The identified proteins are involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and defense. Downregulation of these key metabolic proteins appears to inhibit the growth of A. microphylla in response to salinity. Altogether, the study revealed that in Azolla, increased salinity primarily affected signaling and photosynthesis that in turn leads to reduced biomass.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thagela
authors.affiliation: Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
authors.forename: Ravindra Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: NRCPB, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
authors.forename: Vagish
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Pawan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, University and Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujrat, India.
authors.forename: Budhi Sagar
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. abrahambga64@gmail.com.|Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, CCUBGA, NEAR AUDITORIUM, New Delhi, 110012, India. abrahambga64@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D018533:Biomass; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D054712:Salinity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D064028:Tracheophyta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Azolla microphylla; Biomass; MALDI-TOF-TOF; Photosynthesis; Proteomics; Salinity; Two-dimensional electrophoresis
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