title: Zwitterionic-Modified Starch-Based Stealth Micelles for Prolonging Circulation Time and Reducing Macrophage Response.
abstract: Over the last few decades, nanoparticles have been emerging as useful means to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drug delivery and medical diagnoses. However, the heterogeneity and complexity of blood as a medium is a fundamental problem; large amounts of protein can be adsorbed onto the surface of nanoparticles and cause their rapid clearance before reaching their target sites, resulting in the failure of drug delivery. To overcome this challenge, we present a rationally designed starch derivative (SB-ST-OC) with both a superhydrophilic moiety of zwitterionic sulfobetaine (SB) and a hydrophobic segment of octane (OC) as functional groups, which can self-assemble into "stealth" micelles (SSO micelles). The superhydrophilic SB kept the micelles stable against aggregation in complex media and imbued them with "stealth" properties, eventually extending their circulation time in blood. In stability and hemolysis tests the SSO micelles showed excellent protein resistance properties and hemocompatibility. Moreover, a phagocytosis test and cytokine secretion assay confirmed that the SSO micelles had less potential to trigger the activation of macrophages and were more suitable as a drug delivery candidate in vivo. On the basis of these results, doxorubicin (DOX), a hydrophobic drug, was used to investigate the potential application of this novel starch derivative in vivo. The results of the pharmacokinetic study showed that the values of the plasma area under the concentration curve (AUC) and elimination half-life (T1/2) of the SSO micelles were higher than those of micelles without SB modifications. In conclusion, the combination of excellent protein resistance, lower macrophage activation, and longer circulation time in vivo makes this synthesized novel starch derivative a promising candidate as a hydrophobic drug carrier for long-term circulation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Yabin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Boguang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Science , Beijing 100850, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Dianyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Yuanlu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.|Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Fanglian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008823:Micelles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D011108:Polymers; D004317:Doxorubicin; D013213:Starch
keywords: drug release; long-term circulation; micelle; starch; zwitterionic