title: Inter-station intensity standardization for whole-body MR data.
abstract: To develop and validate a method for performing inter-station intensity standardization in multispectral whole-body MR data.
  
  
  
  Different approaches for mapping the intensity of each acquired image stack into the reference intensity space were developed and validated. The registration strategies included: "direct" registration to the reference station (Strategy 1), "progressive" registration to the neighboring stations without (Strategy 2), and with (Strategy 3) using information from the overlap regions of the neighboring stations. For Strategy 3, two regularized modifications were proposed and validated. All methods were tested on two multispectral whole-body MR data sets: a multiple myeloma patients data set (48 subjects) and a whole-body MR angiography data set (33 subjects).
  
  
  
  For both data sets, all strategies showed significant improvement of intensity homogeneity with respect to vast majority of the validation measures (P < 0.005). Strategy 1 exhibited the best performance, closely followed by Strategy 2. Strategy 3 and its modifications were performing worse, in majority of the cases significantly (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  We propose several strategies for performing inter-station intensity standardization in multispectral whole-body MR data. All the strategies were successfully applied to two types of whole-body MR data, and the "direct" registration strategy was concluded to perform the best. Magn Reson Med 77:422-433, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oleh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dzyubachyk
authors.affiliation: Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staring
authors.affiliation: Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reijnierse
authors.affiliation: Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Intelligent Systems Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boudewijn P F
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lelieveldt
authors.affiliation: Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van der Geest
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
keywords: intensity standardization; multispectral MRI; multistation acquisition; whole-body MRI
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