title: Comparison of an alcohol-based hand rub and water-based chlorhexidine gluconate scrub technique for hand antisepsis prior to elective surgery in horses.
abstract: This prospective clinical study evaluates the effectiveness of an alcohol-based hand rub (Avagard™) for pre-surgical hand antisepsis in an equine hospital and compares it with traditional scrubbing technique using 4% chlorhexidine gluconate sponges and water. Prior to elective surgery, 3 board-certified surgeons were randomly assigned to hand antisepsis with either technique. Culture samples of each hand were taken at 4 times: before and after neutral soap hand wash, after scrub or rubbing technique, and after surgery. There was no significant difference in mean bacterial colony forming units between scrub and rub techniques over the 3 time periods (P = 0.6), controlling for initial counts. One horse from the scrub group had a skin incision infection following stifle arthroscopy; this was resolved with medical treatment. The alcohol-based hand rub is equivalent in efficacy for pre-surgical hand antisepsis to traditional water-based scrubs in an equine hospital setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Eduardo Almeida
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: da Silveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Kirstin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bubeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Edisleidy Rodriguez
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Perrine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piat
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laverty
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Archambault
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (da Silveira, Piat, Laverty, Elce), Department of Microbiology and Bacteriology (Archambault), Department of Pathology (Beauchamp), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Bubeck); MAPAQ-LEPAQ-2, 2650, rue Einstein, Quebec, Quebec G1P 4S8 (Batista).
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Elce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000985:Antisepsis / Q000379:methods*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology*; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D057234:Preoperative Period; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
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