title: Isolation and antiviral activity of water-soluble Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. polysaccharides.
abstract: The plant, Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., is used as a traditional medicine in China and Mongolia. In the present study, two new water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from C. songaricum Rupr. were purified by successive Sephadex G-75 and G-50 column chromatographies and then characterized by high resolution NMR and IR spectroscopies. The molecular weights of two polysaccharides were determined by an aqueous GPC to be [Formula: see text] = 3.7 × 10(4) and 1.0 × 10(4), respectively. In addition, it was found that the polysaccharide with the larger molecular weight was an acidic polysaccharide. It was found that the iodine-starch reaction of both isolated polysaccharides was negative and the methylation analysis gave 2, 4, 6-tri-O-methyl alditol acetate as a main product. NMR and IR measurements and sugar analysis revealed that both polysaccharides had a (1 → 3)-α-d-glucopyranosidic main chain with a small number of branches. After sulfation, the sulfated C. songaricum Rupr. polysaccharides were found to have a potent inhibitory effect on HIV infection of MT-4 cells at a 50% effective concentration of 0.3-0.4 μg/ml, a concentration that has almost the same high activity as standard dextran and curdlan sulfates, EC50 = 0.35 and 0.14 μg/ml, respectively. The 50% cytotoxic concentration was low, CC50>1000 μg/ml. In addition, the interaction between the sulfated polysaccharides and poly-l-lysine as a model protein compound was investigated by a surface plasmon resonance to reveal the anti-HIV mechanism.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry , Kitami Institute of Technology , Kitami 090-8507 , Hokkaido , Japan.
authors.forename: Suvdmaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuvaanjav
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry , Kitami Institute of Technology , Kitami 090-8507 , Hokkaido , Japan.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shuqin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry , Kitami Institute of Technology , Kitami 090-8507 , Hokkaido , Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komata
authors.affiliation: b School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University , Hohhot 010110 , China.
authors.forename: Chunjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: c St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Miyamae-ku 216-8511 , Japan.
authors.forename: Taisei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanamoto
authors.affiliation: c St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Miyamae-ku 216-8511 , Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry , Kitami Institute of Technology , Kitami 090-8507 , Hokkaido , Japan.|d Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology , Muroran 050-8585 , Hokkaido , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002681:China; D031482:Cynomorium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003911:Dextrans; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D056785:Medicine, Mongolian Traditional; D008954:Models, Biological; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D003911:Dextrans; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014867:Water; D011107:Polylysine; C025614:sephadex
keywords: Cynomorium songaricum; NMR; SPR; anti-HIV activity; structure; water-soluble polysaccharide