title: Bicuspid aortic valve hemodynamics does not promote remodeling in porcine aortic wall concavity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of type-I left-right bicuspid aortic valve (LR-BAV) hemodynamic stresses in the remodeling of the thoracic ascending aorta (AA) concavity, in the absence of underlying genetic or structural defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transient wall shear stress (WSS) profiles in the concavity of tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and LR-BAV AAs were obtained computationally. Tissue specimens excised from the concavity of normal (non-dilated) porcine AAs were subjected for 48 h to those stress environments using a shear stress bioreactor. Tissue remodeling was characterized in terms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity via immunostaining and gelatin zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunostaining semi-quantification results indicated no significant difference in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression between the tissue groups exposed to TAV and LR-BAV AA WSS (P = 0.80 and P = 0.19, respectively). Zymography densitometry revealed no difference in MMP-2 activity (total activity, active form and latent form) between the groups subjected to TAV AA and LR-BAV AA WSS (P = 0.08, P = 0.15 and P = 0.59, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hemodynamic stress environment present in the concavity of type-I LR-BAV AA does not cause any significant change in proteolytic enzyme expression and activity as compared to that present in the TAV AA.
authors.affiliation: Samantha K Atkins, Alison N Moore, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
authors.forename: Samantha K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.affiliation: Samantha K Atkins, Alison N Moore, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
authors.forename: Alison N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Samantha K Atkins, Alison N Moore, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sucosky
keywords: Aortopathy; Bicuspid aortic valve; Fluid shear stress; Matrix metalloproteinases; Remodeling
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