title: Modelling the Tox21 10 K chemical profiles for in vivo toxicity prediction and mechanism characterization.
abstract: Target-specific, mechanism-oriented in vitro assays post a promising alternative to traditional animal toxicology studies. Here we report the first comprehensive analysis of the Tox21 effort, a large-scale in vitro toxicity screening of chemicals. We test ∼ 10,000 chemicals in triplicates at 15 concentrations against a panel of nuclear receptor and stress response pathway assays, producing more than 50 million data points. Compound clustering by structure similarity and activity profile similarity across the assays reveals structure-activity relationships that are useful for the generation of mechanistic hypotheses. We apply structural information and activity data to build predictive models for 72 in vivo toxicity end points using a cluster-based approach. Models based on in vitro assay data perform better in predicting human toxicity end points than animal toxicity, while a combination of structural and activity data results in better models than using structure or activity data alone. Our results suggest that in vitro activity profiles can be applied as signatures of compound mechanism of toxicity and used in prioritization for more in-depth toxicological testing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Ruili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Menghang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Srilatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamuru
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Sampada A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shahane
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attene-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Tongan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simeonov
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals
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