title: Identification and quantification of novel cranberry-derived plasma and urinary (poly)phenols.
abstract: Cranberries are a rich source of (poly)phenols, in particular proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. However, little is known about their bioavailability in humans. We investigated the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of cranberry (poly)phenols in plasma and urine of healthy young men after consumption of a cranberry juice (787 mg (poly)phenols). A total of 60 cranberry-derived phenolic metabolites were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis with authentic standards. These included sulfates of pyrogallol, valerolactone, benzoic acids, phenylacetic acids, glucuronides of flavonols, as well as sulfates and glucuronides of cinnamic acids. The most abundant plasma metabolites were small phenolic compounds, in particular hippuric acid, catechol-O-sulfate, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, isoferulic acid, 4-methylcatechol-O-sulfate, α-hydroxyhippuric acid, ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid 3-O-sulfate, and vanillic acid-4-O-sulfate. Some benzoic acids, cinnamic acids, and flavonol metabolites appeared in plasma early, at 1-2 h post-consumption. Others such as phenylacetic acids, benzaldehydes, pyrogallols, catechols, hippuric and dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives appear in plasma later (Tmax 4-22 h). The 24 h urinary recovery with respect to the amount of (poly)phenols consumed was 6.2%. Our extensive description of the bioavailability of cranberry (poly)phenols lays important groundwork necessary to start understanding the fate of these compounds in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Rodrigo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Feliciano
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boeres
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; QUVI Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Massacessi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Istas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: M Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nunes Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: ana.rodriguez-mateos@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Mateos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: (Poly)phenols; Absorption; Bioavailability; Cranberry; Excretion; Metabolism