title: Developing pediatric surgery in low- and middle-income countries: An evaluation of contemporary education and care delivery models.
abstract: There are several different models of education and care delivery models in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and many endeavors combine more than one of the described models. This article summarizes the burden of pediatric surgical disease and discusses the benefits and shortcomings of the following: faith-based missions; short-term surgical trips; partnerships, twinning, and academic collaborations; teaching workshops, "train the trainer," and pediatric surgery camps; specialty treatment centers; online conferences, telemedicine, and mobile health; specific programs for exchange and education; and training in high-income countries (HICs), fellowships, and observorships. It then addresses ethical concerns common to all humanitarian pediatric surgical efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 501 N Graham St, Suite 300, Portland, Oregon 97227. Electronic address: mwbutler@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marilyn W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D000067576:Child Health / Q000592:standards; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards*; D003906:Developing Countries; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014943:Global Health / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008493:Medical Missions; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D008921:Religious Missions; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017216:Telemedicine
keywords: Collaborations; Ethics; Humanitarianism; Partnerships; Pediatric surgery; Volunteerism