title: Shifting from control to elimination: analysis of malaria epidemiological characteristics in Tengchong County around China-Myanmar border, 2005-2014.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tengchong County experienced a decreasing malaria prevalence period in 2005-2014 but the factors contributing to the trend are unclear. Herein, the malaria epidemiological data in years of 2005-2014 were collected and analysed, in order to provide evidence for subsequent effective strategic planning of malaria elimination that may be referenced by other counties with the similar elimination programmes along the China-Myanmar border.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted to explore malaria-endemic characteristics in years 2005-2014 in Tengchong County. All individual cases from a web-based reporting system were reviewed and analysed. Local infections and imported cases were obtained from an annual reporting system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 8321 confirmed malaria cases were recorded in this period, and 91.5% of them were reported during 2005-2010. Plasmodium vivax was the major species (n = 5867, 70.5%). Most cases (92.9%) were found in males, mainly in the age group 30-34 years. Only five deaths resulting from Plasmodium falciparum were reported, of which three occurred in 2005. The cases were mainly reported in the townships of Wuhe (18.5%), Mangbang (12.8%) and Gudong (9.3%). In addition, 147 local malaria (1.8%) and 8174 imported malaria (98.2%) were observed during 2005-2014. However, the proportion of imported malaria was more than 95% all the time and no local transmission has been observed since 2013. Moreover, Myanmar was the main imported source, with 716 cases (94.6%, 716/757) from Myanmar in 2011-2014.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tengchong County has made achievements in controlling malaria, with incidence at historically its lowest level. However, imported malaria has increased and poses a great threat to malaria elimination. To achieve the elimination goal and prevent the re-introduction of malaria, surveillance systems need to be well planned and managed to ensure timely case detection and prompt response targeted to the mobile and migrate population at elimination stage.
authors.affiliation: Tengchong County Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 51 Guanghua village, Tiancheng district, 679100, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China. ctlishenguo@163.com.
authors.forename: Shengguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tengchong County Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 51 Guanghua village, Tiancheng district, 679100, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China. yntcyshq@163.com.
authors.forename: Shouqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Tengchong County Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 51 Guanghua village, Tiancheng district, 679100, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China. gftch@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiazhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tengchong County Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 51 Guanghua village, Tiancheng district, 679100, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China. 2312901067@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xishang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, 200025, Shanghai, China. fjphilip1983@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D002052:Myanmar / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2008 Dec 30;26(6):401-3
references.pmid: 19288908
references.citation: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Mar-Apr;97(2):226-8
references.pmid: 14584382
references.citation: Parasite. 2014;21:27
references.pmid: 24954235
references.citation: Adv Parasitol. 2014;86:231-65
references.pmid: 25476887
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Oct;20(10):1778-80
references.pmid: 25279813
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2011 Dec;29(6):401-3
references.pmid: 24822335
references.citation: Malar J. 2012 Jan 09;11:9
references.pmid: 22230355
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 31;371(5):411-23
references.pmid: 25075834
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2012 Dec 30;30(6):419-22
references.pmid: 23484249
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Aug;93(2):293-9
references.pmid: 26078326
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2006 Dec;24(6):401-3
references.pmid: 17366966
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 May;59(5):2554-9
references.pmid: 25691632
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2007 Dec;25(6):439-41
references.pmid: 18441886
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2011 Feb 28;29(1):1-3
references.pmid: 21823314
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2014 Dec;32(6):407-13
references.pmid: 25902667
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2013 Dec;31(6):413-8
references.pmid: 24818404
references.citation: Malar J. 2014 Aug 07;13:302
references.pmid: 25098412
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2009 Jul 30;361(5):455-67
references.pmid: 19641202
references.citation: Trop Med Int Health. 2009 May;14(5):512-21
references.pmid: 19254232
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Dec;27(6):457, 455-6
references.pmid: 20232622