title: Noninterference of Rotavirus Vaccine With Measles-Rubella Vaccine at 9 Months of Age and Improvements in Antirotavirus Immunity: A Randomized Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The burden of rotavirus morbidity and mortality is high in children aged <5 years in developing countries, and evaluations indicate waning protection from rotavirus immunization in the second year. An additional dose of rotavirus vaccine may enhance the immune response and lengthen the period of protection against disease, but coadministration of this dose should not interfere with immune responses to concurrently given vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 480 9-month-old participants from Matlab, Bangladesh, were enrolled in a study with a primary objective to establish noninferiority of concomitant administration of measles-rubella vaccine (MR) and a third dose of human rotavirus vaccine (HRV; MR + HRV), compared with MR given alone. Secondary objectives included noninferiority of rubella antibody seroconversion and evaluating rotavirus IgA/IgG seroresponses in MR + HRV recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two months after vaccination, 75.3% and 74.3% of MR + HRV and MR recipients, respectively, had seroprotective levels of measles virus antibodies; 100.0% and 99.6%, respectively, showed anti-rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprotection. In the MR + HRV group, antirotavirus immunoglobulin A and IgG seropositivity frequencies before vaccination (52.7% and 66.3%, respectively) increased to 69.6% and 88.3% after vaccination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccine-induced measles and rubella antibody responses are not negatively affected by concomitant administration of HRV. The HRV dose increases antirotavirus serum antibody titers and the proportion of infants with detectable antirotavirus antibody.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01700621.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.affiliation: PATH, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: PATH, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yunus
authors.affiliation: Office of the Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tajul Islam A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Bari
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tasnim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azim
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mustafizur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Syed Mohammad Niaz
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mowla
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeal
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Icenogle
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopman
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.affiliation: PATH, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: A Duncan
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: PATH, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Neuzil
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D000071497:Immunogenicity, Vaccine; D007223:Infant; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D012411:Rubella Vaccine; D017778:Vaccines, Combined
keywords: measles vaccine; non-interference; rotavirus vaccine; rubella vaccine; vaccine co-administration
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