title: Host restriction factors for hepatitis C virus.
abstract: Host-hepatitis C virus (HCV) interactions have both informed fundamental concepts of viral replication and pathogenesis and provided novel insights into host cell biology. These findings are illustrated by the recent discovery of host-encoded factors that restrict HCV infection. In this review, we briefly discuss these restriction factors in different steps of HCV infection. In each case, we discuss how these restriction factors were identified, the mechanisms by which they inhibit HCV infection and their potential contribution to viral pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Li-Ya Zhou, Lei-Liang Zhang, MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ya
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Li-Ya Zhou, Lei-Liang Zhang, MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China.
authors.forename: Lei-Liang
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014779:Virus Replication
keywords: Entry; Hepatitis C virus; Host restriction factor; Interferon; Propagation; Replication
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2004 Nov;5(11):1109-15
references.pmid: 15496950
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Jan 06;7(1):e1001258
references.pmid: 21253575
references.citation: Cell Mol Immunol. 2009 Aug;6(4):235-44
references.pmid: 19728924
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e32135
references.pmid: 22359663
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):481-5
references.pmid: 21478870
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 1998;67:227-64
references.pmid: 9759489
references.citation: Hiroshima J Med Sci. 2012 Sep;61(3):59-67
references.pmid: 23077864
references.citation: J Virol. 2015 May;89(9):4857-65
references.pmid: 25673723
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 6;282(27):19453-62
references.pmid: 17500069
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Jul;19(7):3080-96
references.pmid: 18480408
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2004 Apr;198:185-202
references.pmid: 15199963
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012 May;32(5):1094-8
references.pmid: 22517368
references.citation: DNA Cell Biol. 2011 Dec;30(12):965-74
references.pmid: 21919738
references.citation: Hepatology. 2008 Jan;47(1):105-12
references.pmid: 17935223
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2001 Jan;31(1):166-75
references.pmid: 11169450
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2002 Oct;68(2):206-15
references.pmid: 12210409
references.citation: EMBO Rep. 2011 Jul 08;12(8):785-96
references.pmid: 21738220
references.citation: PLoS One. 2015 Mar 26;10(3):e0121608
references.pmid: 25811715
references.citation: J Virol. 2011 Mar;85(5):2126-37
references.pmid: 21177806
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12766-71
references.pmid: 10535997
references.citation: Virology. 2012 Jul 5;428(2):98-111
references.pmid: 22520941
references.citation: EMBO J. 2007 Jan 10;26(1):41-52
references.pmid: 17170707
references.citation: J Virol. 2015 Jun;89(12):6294-311
references.pmid: 25855736
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Oct;14(4):778-809, table of contents
references.pmid: 11585785
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Nov 12;16(5):569-79
references.pmid: 25525790
references.citation: Physiology (Bethesda). 2011 Oct;26(5):348-64
references.pmid: 22013193
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 1;106(48):20452-7
references.pmid: 19920176
references.citation: J Virol. 2013 Nov;87(21):11704-20
references.pmid: 23986595
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):882-6
references.pmid: 19182773
references.citation: J Virol. 2013 Oct;87(20):11031-46
references.pmid: 23926333
references.citation: J Virol. 2008 Mar;82(5):2120-9
references.pmid: 18077707
references.citation: J Virol. 2013 Oct;87(19):10612-27
references.pmid: 23885072
references.citation: Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):110-3
references.pmid: 10390360
references.citation: Hepatology. 2013 Nov;58(5):1569-79
references.pmid: 23703860
references.citation: J Virol. 2007 Dec;81(24):13783-93
references.pmid: 17913825
references.citation: EMBO J. 2002 Oct 1;21(19):5017-25
references.pmid: 12356718
references.citation: Gut. 2006 Apr;55(4):529-35
references.pmid: 16299039
references.citation: Mol Immunol. 2010 Jan;47(4):883-93
references.pmid: 19914718
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2014 Apr 01;4:4549
references.pmid: 25008545
references.citation: J Innate Immun. 2010;2(1):17-23
references.pmid: 20375619
references.citation: Clin Liver Dis. 2003 Feb;7(1):149-61
references.pmid: 12691464
references.citation: EMBO J. 2008 Dec 17;27(24):3311-21
references.pmid: 19008854
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Sep;19(9):3871-84
references.pmid: 18614794
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Nov 25;432(7016):522-5
references.pmid: 15565158
references.citation: Biochemistry (Mosc). 2011 Dec;76(13):1402-33
references.pmid: 22339596
references.citation: J Virol. 2008 Sep;82(17):8838-48
references.pmid: 18562541
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2008 May;89(Pt 5):1184-1191
references.pmid: 18420796
references.citation: Virology. 2000 Feb 15;267(2):209-19
references.pmid: 10662616
references.citation: J Interferon Res. 1994 Jun;14(3):101-4
references.pmid: 7523539
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 8;106(49):20889-94
references.pmid: 19864625
references.citation: J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2011 Jan;31(1):131-5
references.pmid: 21142818
references.citation: J Virol. 2014 Mar;88(5):2725-36
references.pmid: 24352456
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Apr 1;286(13):11265-74
references.pmid: 21285358
references.citation: New Biol. 1992 Apr;4(4):290-8
references.pmid: 1622927
references.citation: Hepatology. 2005 Sep;42(3):702-10
references.pmid: 16108059
references.citation: Hepatology. 2013 Feb;57(2):461-9
references.pmid: 22996292
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 May 16;278(20):18256-64
references.pmid: 12595532
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Aug 13;16(2):257-264
references.pmid: 25121753
references.citation: J Immunol. 2014 Jul 15;193(2):783-96
references.pmid: 24928988
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 3;104(14):5848-53
references.pmid: 17376867
references.citation: Retrovirology. 2010 Jun 07;7:51
references.pmid: 20529266
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Jul 1;21(13):2327-37
references.pmid: 20444975
references.citation: J Virol. 2014 Aug;88(15):8433-44
references.pmid: 24829338
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007 Jun;5(6):453-63
references.pmid: 17487147
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2009 May;5(5):e1000439
references.pmid: 19461882
references.citation: J Virol. 2014 Feb;88(3):1433-46
references.pmid: 24173232
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 29;110(5):1881-6
references.pmid: 23248316
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 25;110(26):10777-82
references.pmid: 23754414
references.citation: Viruses. 2014 Mar 11;6(3):1149-87
references.pmid: 24618856
references.citation: Nature. 1990 Feb 8;343(6258):531-5
references.pmid: 2300204
references.citation: FEBS J. 2014 Aug;281(16):3751-65
references.pmid: 24980280
references.citation: J Virol. 2014 Jun;88(11):5956-66
references.pmid: 24623438
references.citation: Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):623-6
references.pmid: 15947137
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2011 Feb;19(2):95-103
references.pmid: 21146993
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Apr 12;446(7137):801-5
references.pmid: 17325668
references.citation: Virology. 2005 Nov 25;342(2):167-76
references.pmid: 16150475
references.citation: J Virol. 2012 Apr;86(7):3605-16
references.pmid: 22258260
references.citation: Cell Res. 2008 Apr;18(4):433-5
references.pmid: 18385680
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jun-Jul;1829(6-7):590-603
references.pmid: 23517755
references.citation: Antiviral Res. 2014 Jul;107:50-5
references.pmid: 24792752
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):425-30
references.pmid: 18200009
references.citation: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;369:263-88
references.pmid: 23463205
references.citation: EMBO J. 2012 Feb 1;31(3):754-66
references.pmid: 22124328
references.citation: Prog Lipid Res. 2010 Jul;49(3):218-34
references.pmid: 20043945
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(5):e1003345
references.pmid: 23717201
references.citation: FASEB J. 2003 Mar;17(3):488-90
references.pmid: 12551851
references.citation: Annu Rev Genet. 2004;38:61-85
references.pmid: 15568972
references.citation: Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1112
references.pmid: 12750511
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2010 Apr 15;6(4):e1000843
references.pmid: 20419159
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 26;107(43):18428-32
references.pmid: 20940320
references.citation: Hepatology. 2012 Dec;56(6):2082-93
references.pmid: 22711689
references.citation: J Virol. 2008 Oct;82(19):9647-56
references.pmid: 18667498
references.citation: J Virol. 2015 Feb;89(3):1913-8
references.pmid: 25410869
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Dec 24;139(7):1243-54
references.pmid: 20064371
references.citation: Retrovirology. 2005 May 19;2:32
references.pmid: 15943885
references.citation: J Virol. 2010 Dec;84(24):12646-57
references.pmid: 20943977
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar 06;11(3):e1004708
references.pmid: 25747802
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2008 Dec;4(12):e1000231
references.pmid: 19057663
references.citation: FASEB J. 2008 Jan;22(1):159-67
references.pmid: 17709607
references.citation: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Jul;6(7):403-11
references.pmid: 19575025
references.citation: J Virol. 2008 Feb;82(4):1665-78
references.pmid: 18077728
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2012 Jan;93(Pt 1):83-92
references.pmid: 21957124
references.citation: Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Sep;5(9):558-67
references.pmid: 16122679
references.citation: Nat Med. 2011 May;17(5):589-95
references.pmid: 21516087
references.citation: J Virol. 2010 Jun;84(12):6060-9
references.pmid: 20375166
references.citation: Hepatology. 2011 Nov;54(5):1506-17
references.pmid: 22045669
references.citation: Hepatology. 2004 Jan;39(1):5-19
references.pmid: 14752815
references.citation: J Virol. 2007 Jan;81(2):860-71
references.pmid: 17079283
references.citation: Eur J Cell Biol. 2014 Jan-Feb;93(1-2):61-70
references.pmid: 24461929
references.citation: J Virol. 2011 Dec;85(24):12881-9
references.pmid: 21976647
references.citation: J Virol. 2011 Nov;85(21):11022-37
references.pmid: 21849455
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2009 Apr;50(4):705-11
references.pmid: 19231005
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Nov;12(11):517-23
references.pmid: 12446113
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2010 Mar 26;6(3):e1000829
references.pmid: 20360967
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2007 Feb;132(2):733-44
references.pmid: 17258724
references.citation: Hepatology. 2011 Apr;53(4):1080-9
references.pmid: 21480314
references.citation: J Virol. 2008 May;82(9):4665-70
references.pmid: 18305045
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Mar 20;386(6622):292-6
references.pmid: 9069289
references.citation: Curr Mol Med. 2014 Mar;14(3):349-60
references.pmid: 24236455
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 23;285(30):22733-9
references.pmid: 20457608
references.citation: Science. 1998 Oct 30;282(5390):938-41
references.pmid: 9794763
references.citation: J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1997 Sep;17(9):503-24
references.pmid: 9335428
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 17;278(42):41003-12
references.pmid: 12867431
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7322-6
references.pmid: 3174636
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 22;95(26):15623-8
references.pmid: 9861020
references.citation: Metabolism. 2008 Sep;57(9):1307-13
references.pmid: 18702959
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 18;98(26):15125-30
references.pmid: 11752458
references.citation: J Virol. 2010 Jul;84(14):7243-55
references.pmid: 20444895
references.citation: J Virol. 2003 May;77(9):5487-92
references.pmid: 12692249
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 26;278(52):52689-99
references.pmid: 14527956
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Jan;65(1):100-12
references.pmid: 17914604
references.citation: J Virol. 2009 Mar;83(5):2382-5
references.pmid: 19091864
references.citation: Mol Biosyst. 2009 Jan;5(1):36-42
references.pmid: 19081929
references.citation: Antiviral Res. 2013 Apr;98(1):54-60
references.pmid: 23422647
references.citation: J Virol. 2014 Nov;88(21):12422-37
references.pmid: 25122793
references.citation: Nat Med. 2012 Jan 08;18(2):281-5
references.pmid: 22231557
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2007 Dec 17;179(6):1123-31
references.pmid: 18086912