title: Impaired Gas Exchange at Birth and Risk of Intellectual Disability and Autism: A Meta-analysis.
abstract: We conducted meta-analyses of 67 studies on the association between neonatal proxies of impaired gas exchange and intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Neonatal acidosis was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.55 [95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 2.23-5.49] for ID and an OR of 1.10 (95 % CI 0.91-1.31) for ASD. Children with a 5-min Apgar score of <7 had an OR of 5.39 (95 % CI 3.84-7.55) for ID and an OR of 1.67 (95 % CI 1.34-2.09) for ASD. O2 treatment was associated with an OR of 4.32 (95 % CI 3.23-5.78) for ID and an OR of 2.02 (95 % CI 1.45 to 2.83) for ASD. Our meta-analysis demonstrates an increased risk of ID and (to a lesser extent) ASD in children with neonatal hypoxia. Moreover, our findings raise the possibility that concomitant ID might account for the observed association between the gas exchange proxies and ASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, USA. amirhossein.modabbernia@mssm.edu.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. amirhossein.modabbernia@mssm.edu.|Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. amirhossein.modabbernia@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modabbernia
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mollon
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.|Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.|Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.|Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reichenberg
mesh_terms: D000142:Acidosis, Respiratory / Q000150:complications*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Asphyxia; Autism; Hypoxia; Intellectual disability; Neonatal; Perinatal
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