title: Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) Exhibits as a Novel Anti-Hyperuricaemia Agent.
abstract: Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) belongs to the Sapotaceae family. It can change flavors on taste buds, transforming acidic tastes to sweet. We evaluated various miracle fruit extracts, including water, butanol, ethyl acetate (EA), and hexane fractions, to determine its antioxidant effects. These extracts isolated from miracle fruit exerted potential for reduction of uric acid and inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and in monosodiumurate (MSU)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, we also found that the butanol extracts of miracle fruit attenuated oxonic acid potassium salt-induced hyperuricaemia in ICR mice by lowering serum uric acid levels and activating hepatic xanthine oxidase. These effects were equal to those of allopurinol, suggesting that the butanol extract of miracle fruit could be developed as a novel anti-hyperuricaemia agent or health food.
authors.affiliation: Taiwan Indigena Botanica Co., Ltd., Taipei 11458, Taiwan. jasmineycs@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Yeu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan. Tracy12095238@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kai-Sian
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan. even78819@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Jhai
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11042, Taiwan. f96b47117@ntu.edu.tw.|Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 10042, Taiwan. f96b47117@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Bao-Hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. yifanhan2014@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. cuizhibin1985@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Process Technology Department, Center of Excellence for Drug Development, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30058, Taiwan. d99b22003@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsuan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan. scwu@mail.ncyu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: She-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000440:Butanols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D032133:Synsepalum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D000440:Butanols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014527:Uric Acid; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: anti-hyperuricaemia agent; miracle fruit; monosodium urate (MSU); oxonic acid potassium salt; xanthine oxidase
references.citation: Planta Med. 2001 Mar;67(2):158-61
references.pmid: 11301865
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Feb;61(2):294-302
references.pmid: 11809853
references.citation: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004 May;94(5):232-7
references.pmid: 15125693
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Aug;93(2-3):391-5
references.pmid: 15234783
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Sep;27(9):1414-21
references.pmid: 15340229
references.citation: Phytochem Anal. 2006 Jan-Feb;17(1):15-9
references.pmid: 16454471
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2006 Aug;116(8):2262-71
references.pmid: 16886064
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jan;60(1):281-9
references.pmid: 19116939
references.citation: Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):265-72
references.pmid: 19436671
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2010 Feb;11(2):136-40
references.pmid: 20023662
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2010 Mar;40(3):616-9
references.pmid: 20201014
references.citation: J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Dec;90(15):2709-15
references.pmid: 20812379
references.citation: Appetite. 2011 Feb;56(1):163-6
references.pmid: 20951752
references.citation: J Food Sci. 2011 Apr;76(3):C479-82
references.pmid: 21535817
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Sep;49(9):1943-7
references.pmid: 21600261
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Feb 13;61(6):1288-98
references.pmid: 23331247
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Nov 25;150(2):545-52
references.pmid: 24060409
references.citation: Food Chem. 2014 Jun 15;153:279-84
references.pmid: 24491731
references.citation: Food Funct. 2014 Aug;5(8):1939-48
references.pmid: 24956972
references.citation: Cell Mol Immunol. 2015 Jul;12(4):424-34
references.pmid: 25109682
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2015 Mar 24;6:6555
references.pmid: 25800347
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jun 20;168:1-16
references.pmid: 25824593
references.citation: Arthritis Res Ther. 2015 Mar 19;17:65
references.pmid: 25889736
references.citation: Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Jul 29;56 Suppl 1:S46-59
references.pmid: 26357900