title: E-cigarette use and disparities by race, citizenship status and language among adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  E-cigarette use among adolescents is on the rise in the U.S. However, limited attention has been given to examining the role of race, citizenship status and language spoken at home in shaping e-cigarette use behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from the 2014 Adolescent California Health Interview Survey, which interviewed 1052 adolescents ages 12-17. Lifetime e-cigarette use was examined by sociodemographic characteristics. Separate logistic regression models predicted odds of ever-smoking e-cigarettes from race, citizenship status and language spoken at home. Sociodemographic characteristics were then added to these models as control variables and a model with all three predictors and controls was run. Similar models were run with conventional smoking as an outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10.3% of adolescents ever used e-cigarettes. E-cigarette use was higher among ever-smokers of conventional cigarettes, individuals above 200% of the Federal Poverty Level, US citizens and those who spoke English-only at home. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that citizenship status and language spoken at home were associated with lifetime e-cigarette use, after accounting for control variables. Only citizenship status was associated with e-cigarette use, when controls variables race and language spoken at home were all in the same model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ever use of e-cigarettes in this study was higher than previously reported national estimates. Action is needed to curb the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents. Differences in lifetime e-cigarette use by citizenship status and language spoken at home suggest that less acculturated individuals use e-cigarettes at lower rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States. Electronic address: hectorapm@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Héctor E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Alcalá
authors.affiliation: UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, United States.
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St., Room 335, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Citizenship; E-cigarettes; Language; Nicotine; Race; Teenagers
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