title: Characterization of white matter integrity deficits in cocaine-dependent individuals with substance-induced psychosis compared with non-psychotic cocaine users.
abstract: With sufficient drug exposure, some individuals develop transient psychotic symptoms referred to as 'substance-induced psychosis' (SIP), which closely resemble the symptoms observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The comparability in psychotic presentation between SIP and the schizophrenias suggests that similar underlying neural deficits may contribute to the emergence of psychosis across these disorders. Only a small number of studies have investigated structural alterations in SIP, and all have been limited to volumetric imaging methods, with none controlling for the effects of chronic drug exposure. To investigate white matter abnormalities associated with SIP, diffusion tensor imaging was employed in a group of individuals with cocaine-associated psychosis (CAP; n = 24) and a cocaine-dependent non-psychotic (CDN) group (n = 43). Tract-based spatial statistics was used to investigate group differences in white matter diffusion parameters. The CAP group showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy values than the CDN group (p < 0.05) in voxels within white matter tracts of fronto-temporal, fronto-thalamic and interhemispheric pathways. The greatest differences in white matter integrity were present in the corpus callosum, corona radiata, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi and bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculi. Additionally, the CAP group had voxels of significantly higher radial diffusivity in a subset of the previously mentioned pathways. These results are the first description of white matter integrity abnormalities in a SIP sample and indicate that differences in these pathways may be a shared factor in the expression of different forms of psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Taylor S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Willi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Alasdair M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gicas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vila-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
authors.forename: Allen E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leonova
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
authors.forename: Chantelle J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Giesbrecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Ric M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Procyshyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: MacEwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Honer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Panenka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: TBSS; cocaine-associated psychosis; diffusion tensor imaging; psychosis; substance-induced psychosis; white matter