title: Shotgun proteomics to unravel marine mussel (Mytilus edulis) response to long-term exposure to low salinity and propranolol in a Baltic Sea microcosm.
abstract: Pharmaceuticals, among them the β-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol, are an important group of environmental contaminants reported in European waters. Laboratory exposure to pharmaceuticals on marine species has been performed without considering the input of the ecosystem flow. To unravel the ecosystem response to long-term exposure to propranolol we have performed long-term exposure to propranolol and low salinity in microcosms. We applied shotgun proteomic analysis to gills of Mytilus edulis from those Baltic Sea microcosms and identified 2071 proteins with a proteogenomic strategy. The proteome profiling patterns from the 587 highly reproductive proteins among groups define salinity as a key factor in the mussel's response to propranolol. Exposure at low salinity drives molecular mechanisms of adaptation based on a decrease in the abundance of several cytoskeletal proteins, signalling and intracellular membrane trafficking pathway combined with a response towards the maintenance of transcription and translation. The exposure to propranolol combined with low salinity modulates the expression of structural proteins including cilia functions and decreases the expression of membrane protein transporters. This study reinforces the environment concerns of the impact of low salinity in combination with anthropogenic pollutants and anticipates critical physiological conditions for the survival of the blue mussel in the northern areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying shotgun proteomic analysis to M. edulis gills samples from a long-term microcosm exposure to propranolol and following a proteogenomic identification strategy, we have identified 2071 proteins. The proteomic analysis unrevealed which molecular mechanisms drive the adaptation to low salinity stress and how salinity modulates the effects of exposure to propranolol. These results reinforce the idea of the impact of low salinity in combination with anthropogenic pollutants and anticipate critical physiological condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Danielsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Farinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuruvilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Warholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bizkaia, Spain. Electronic address: Susana.Cristobal@liu.se.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cristobal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D020543:Proteome / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D040901:Proteomics; D054712:Salinity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D011433:Propranolol
keywords: Climate change; Environmental monitoring; Low salinity; Mytilus edulis; Propranolol; Shotgun proteomics