title: Genome Content and Phylogenomics Reveal both Ancestral and Lateral Evolutionary Pathways in Plant-Pathogenic Streptomyces Species.
abstract: Streptomyces spp. are highly differentiated actinomycetes with large, linear chromosomes that encode an arsenal of biologically active molecules and catabolic enzymes. Members of this genus are well equipped for life in nutrient-limited environments and are common soil saprophytes. Out of the hundreds of species in the genus Streptomyces, a small group has evolved the ability to infect plants. The recent availability of Streptomyces genome sequences, including four genomes of pathogenic species, provided an opportunity to characterize the gene content specific to these pathogens and to study phylogenetic relationships among them. Genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and phylogenetic analysis enabled us to discriminate pathogenic from saprophytic Streptomyces strains; moreover, we calculated that the pathogen-specific genome contains 4,662 orthologs. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that Streptomyces scabies and S. ipomoeae share an ancestor but that their biosynthetic clusters encoding the required virulence factor thaxtomin have diverged. In contrast, S. turgidiscabies and S. acidiscabies, two relatively unrelated pathogens, possess highly similar thaxtomin biosynthesis clusters, which suggests that the acquisition of these genes was through lateral gene transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huguet-Tapia
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lefebure
authors.affiliation: The J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA gpettis@lsu.edu rloria@ufl.edu.|Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Gregg S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Pettis
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stanhope
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA gpettis@lsu.edu rloria@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loria
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins
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