title: The Development and Validation of the Indian Family Violence and Control Scale.
abstract: The high prevalence of domestic violence (DV) among married women in India and associated negative health repercussions highlight the need for effective prevention strategies and tools to measure the efficacy of such interventions. Literature supporting differing manifestations of DV by culture underscores the need for a culturally-tailored scale to more effectively measure DV in the Indian context. We therefore aimed to develop and validate such a tool, the Indian Family Violence and Control Scale (IFVCS), through a mixed-methods study. The psychometric development of IFVCS is herein discussed. After field pre-testing and expert review, a 63-item questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 630 married women from May-July 2013 in Pune, India. The item response theory approach for binary data to explore the IFVCS structure suggested that IFVCS is reliable, with the majority of items having high (>0.5) and significant factor loadings. Concurrent validity, assessed by comparing responses to IFVCS with the validated, abridged Conflict Tactics Scale-2, was high (r = 0.899, p<0.001) as was the construct validity, demonstrated by its significant association with several established DV correlates. Therefore, initial assessment of the IFVCS psychometric properties suggests that it is an effective tool for measuring DV among married women in India and speaks to its capacity for enhancing understanding of DV epidemiology and for evaluating the effectiveness of future DV interventions.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.|Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ameeta S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kalokhe
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Nursing, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.affiliation: Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: South African Medical Research Council, Gender and Health Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Dunkle
authors.affiliation: Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paranjape
authors.affiliation: Department of Social & Behavioral Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Solas
authors.affiliation: Department of Social & Behavioral Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Latika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karve
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.|Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: del Rio
authors.affiliation: Department of Social & Behavioral Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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