title: Effectiveness of platysma muscle flap in preventing Frey syndrome and depressive deformities after parotidectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frey syndrome (FS) or depressive deformity (DD) occurring after parotidectomy significantly reduces a patient's quality of life. However, there seems to be no effective treatment strategy against these complications. In this study, we report our experience of using platysma muscle flap (PMF) to prevent the development of FS and DD after parotidectomy, and evaluate its effect subjectively and objectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Superficial parotidectomy was performed for eight cases of parotid gland tumor, and a PMF was transferred to cover the site. The incidence of FS and DD were evaluated subjectively, using a questionnaire to the patients and board-certified reconstructive surgeons, and objectively, using Minor's starch-iodine test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In seven patients, the defect could be completely covered with PMF, and none of them developed FS or obvious DD. However, in one patient, the defect could be only partially covered, and the patient developed complications in the exact site that the flap did not cover. Overall scores from the questionnaire were high in relation to both cosmetic and functional perspectives from most of the patients and all the surgeons. No patients had major postoperative complications requiring revision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMF can be useful to cover the defect and prevent complications after parotidectomy. PMF is relatively easy to perform with fewer complications; however, a complete coverage of the defect should be ensured to obtain optimal results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. Electronic address: ayhayasi@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ayato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, AOI Universal Hospital, 2-9-1 Tamachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-0822, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Natori
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Senda
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Rica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008875:Middle Aged; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010781:Photography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000069259:Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System / Q000637:transplantation*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000637:transplantation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013547:Sweating, Gustatory / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Frey syndrome; Parotid gland tumor; Parotidectomy; Platysma flap; Pleomorphic adenoma