title: Minimally invasive endovascular stent-electrode array for high-fidelity, chronic recordings of cortical neural activity.
abstract: High-fidelity intracranial electrode arrays for recording and stimulating brain activity have facilitated major advances in the treatment of neurological conditions over the past decade. Traditional arrays require direct implantation into the brain via open craniotomy, which can lead to inflammatory tissue responses, necessitating development of minimally invasive approaches that avoid brain trauma. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of chronically recording brain activity from within a vein using a passive stent-electrode recording array (stentrode). We achieved implantation into a superficial cortical vein overlying the motor cortex via catheter angiography and demonstrate neural recordings in freely moving sheep for up to 190 d. Spectral content and bandwidth of vascular electrocorticography were comparable to those of recordings from epidural surface arrays. Venous internal lumen patency was maintained for the duration of implantation. Stentrodes may have wide ranging applications as a neural interface for treatment of a range of neurological conditions.
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Oxley
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Nicholas L
authors: NL
authors: Opie
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Sam E
authors: SE
authors: John
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Gil S
authors: GS
authors: Rind
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Ronayne
authors: Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, Encino, California, USA.
authors: Tracey L
authors: TL
authors: Wheeler
authors: Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors: Jack W
authors: JW
authors: Judy
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Alan J
authors: AJ
authors: McDonald
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Dornom
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Timothy J H
authors: TJ
authors: Lovell
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Steward
authors: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Garrett
authors: Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Bradford A
authors: BA
authors: Moffat
authors: Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Elaine H
authors: EH
authors: Lui
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Nawaf
authors: N
authors: Yassi
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Bruce C V
authors: BC
authors: Campbell
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Yan T
authors: YT
authors: Wong
authors: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Kate E
authors: KE
authors: Fox
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Ewan S
authors: ES
authors: Nurse
authors: Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Iwan E
authors: IE
authors: Bennett
authors: Translational Research and Clinical Trials (TRACTs), Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Sébastien H
authors: SH
authors: Bauquier
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Kishan A
authors: KA
authors: Liyanage
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Nicole R
authors: NR
authors: van der Nagel
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Piero
authors: P
authors: Perucca
authors: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Arman
authors: A
authors: Ahnood
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Katherine P
authors: KP
authors: Gill
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Yan
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|School of Mathematics and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Leonid
authors: L
authors: Churilov
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: French
authors: Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Patricia M
authors: PM
authors: Desmond
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Malcolm K
authors: MK
authors: Horne
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Lynette
authors: L
authors: Kiers
authors: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Prawer
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Davis
authors: NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Anthony N
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-2772
authors: AN
authors: Burkitt
authors: Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Mitchell
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Grayden
authors: Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Clive N
authors: CN
authors: May
authors: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Terence J
authors: TJ
authors: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057785:Catheters; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D006801:Humans; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep; D015607:Stents