title: Antibiofilm efficacy of honey and bee-derived defensin-1 on multispecies wound biofilm.
abstract: Many clinically relevant biofilms are polymicrobial. Examining the effect of antimicrobials in a multispecies biofilm consortium is of great clinical importance. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different honey types against bacterial wound pathogens grown in multispecies biofilm and to test the antibiofilm activity of honey defensin-1 (Def-1) in its recombinant form. A modified Lubbock chronic wound biofilm formed by four bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus agalactiae,Pseudomonas aeruginosaandEnterococcus faecalis) was used for evaluation of honey and recombinant bee-derived Def-1 antibiofilm efficacy. Recombinant Def-1 was prepared by heterologous expression inEscherichia coli.We showed that different types of honey (manuka and honeydew) were able to significantly reduce the cell viability of wound pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus agalactiaeandPseudomonas aeruginosa) in mature polymicrobial biofilm. None of the tested honeys showed the ability to eradicateEnterococcus faecalisin biofilm. In addition, recombinant Def-1 successfully reduced the viability ofStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosacells within established polymicrobial biofilm after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Interestingly, recombinant Def-1 did not affect the viability ofStreptococcus agalactiaecells within the biofilm, whereas both natural honeys significantly reduced the viable bacteria. AlthoughEnterococcus faecaliswas highly resistant to Def-1, Def-1 significantly affected the biofilm formation ofEnterococcus faecalisandStreptococcus agalactiaeafter 24 h of treatment, most likely by inhibiting its extracellular polymeric substances production. In conclusion, our study revealed that honey and Def-1 are effective against established multispecies biofilm; however,Enterococcus faecalisgrown in multispecies biofilm was resistant to both antimicrobials.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 13, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Sojka
authors: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Valachova
authors: Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.|Laboratory of Molecular Apidology and Apitherapy, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Marcela
authors: M
authors: Bucekova
authors: Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 13, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.|Laboratory of Molecular Apidology and Apitherapy, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Juraj
authors: J
authors: Majtan