title: Clinical Manifestations of Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia in Under-Five Diarrheal Children in a Diarrhea Hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study clinical manifestations and outcome of hyponatremia and hypernatremia in children with diarrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared children aged 0-59 months hospitalized from 1 January to 31 December 2013 with hyponatremia (serum sodium <130 mmol/l), hypernatremia (serum sodium >150 mmol/l) and normonatremia (serum sodium 135-145 mmol/l).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The case fatality was significantly higher among the children with hypernatremia and hyponatremia than normonatremia. A logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders revealed that children with hyponatremia are more likely to have convulsions, have severe acute malnutrition and be of older age compared with children with normal serum sodium. Children with hypernatremia are more likely to have convulsions and dehydration than normonatremic children (for all p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis and prompt management of hypo- and hypernatremia by identifying simple clinical predicting factors of these two conditions in diarrheal children <5 years of age is critically important to prevent deaths in such children, especially in resource-limited settings.
authors: Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh.
authors: Lubaba
authors: L
authors: Shahrin
authors: Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh chisti@icddrb.org.
authors: Mohammad Jobayer
authors: MJ
authors: Chisti
authors: Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh.
authors: Sayeeda
authors: S
authors: Huq
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA.
authors: Thamanna
authors: T
authors: Nishath
authors: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85004 USA.
authors: Maria D
authors: MD
authors: Christy
authors: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 28303 USA.
authors: Anika
authors: A
authors: Hannan
authors: Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh.
authors: Tahmeed
authors: T
authors: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003681:Dehydration / Q000209:etiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium
keywords: children; deaths; diarrhea; hypernatremia; hyponatremia