title: A chloroplast-localized protein LESION AND LAMINA BENDING affects defence and growth responses in rice.
abstract: Understanding how plants allocate their resources to growth or defence is of long-term importance to the development of new and improved varieties of different crops. Using molecular genetics, plant physiology, hormone analysis and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based transcript profiling, we have isolated and characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) LESION AND LAMINA BENDING (LLB) gene that encodes a chloroplast-targeted putative leucine carboxyl methyltransferase. Loss of LLB function results in reduced growth and yield, hypersensitive response (HR)-like lesions, accumulation of the antimicrobial compounds momilactones and phytocassanes, and constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related genes. Consistent with these defence-associated responses, llb shows enhanced resistance to rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). The lesion and resistance phenotypes are likely to be caused by the over-accumulation of jasmonates (JAs) in the llb mutant including the JA precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Additionally, llb shows an increased lamina inclination and enhanced early seedling growth due to elevated brassinosteroid (BR) synthesis and/or signalling. These findings show that LLB functions in the chloroplast to either directly or indirectly repress both JA- and BR-mediated responses, revealing a possible mechanism for controlling how plants allocate resources for defence and growth.
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Muluneh
authors: M
authors: Tamiru
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Takagi
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Abe
authors: Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan.
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Yokota
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Kanzaki
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
authors: Haruko
authors: H
authors: Okamoto
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Hiromasa
authors: H
authors: Saitoh
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Koki
authors: K
authors: Fujisaki
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Kaori
authors: K
authors: Oikawa
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Aiko
authors: A
authors: Uemura
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Natsume
authors: Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Jikumaru
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Matsuura
authors: Agricultural and Veterinary Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 222-8567, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Umemura
authors: Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.|Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Terry
authors: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, 024-003, Japan.
authors: Ryohei
authors: R
authors: Terauchi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C025999:12-oxophytodienoic acid; C011006:jasmonic acid
keywords: 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA); Oryza sativa; brassinosteroid; carboxyl methyltransferase; chloroplast signalling; jasmonic acid (JA); phytoalexins; resistance response