title: 'I try not to bother the residents too much' - the use of capillary blood glucose measurements in nursing homes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capillary blood glucose measurements are regularly used for nursing home residents with diabetes. The usefulness of these measurements relies on clear indications for use, correct measurement techniques, proper documentation and clinical use of the resulting blood glucose values. The use of a regular, invasive procedure may also entail additional challenges in a population of older, multimorbid patients who often suffer from cognitive impairment or dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of physicians, registered nurses and auxiliary nurses on the use, usefulness and potential challenges of using capillary blood glucose measurements in nursing homes, and the procedures for doing so.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a qualitative study that used three profession-specific focus group interviews. Interviews were transcribed in modified verbatim form and analysed in accordance with Malterud's principles of systematic text condensation. Five physicians, four registered nurses and three auxiliary nurses participated in the focus groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All professional groups regarded capillary blood glucose measurements as a necessity in the management of diabetes, the physicians to ensure that the treatment is appropriate, and the nurses to be certain and assured about their caring decisions. Strict glycaemic control and excessive measurements were avoided in order to promote the well-being and safety of the residents. Sufficient knowledge of diabetes symptoms, equivalent practices for glucose measurement, and unambiguous documentation and communication of results were determined to be most helpful. However, all professional groups seldom involved the residents in managing their own measurements and stated that guidelines and training had been inconsistent or lacking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate procedures and training in diabetes care may compromise the rationale for capillary blood glucose measurements in nursing homes, and hence the residents' safety. These concerns should be addressed together with the possibility of involving and empowering residents by exploring their ability and wish to manage their own disease.
authors: Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Lillan Mo
authors: LM
authors: Andreassen
authors: Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo and Akershus University College for Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Anne Gerd
authors: AG
authors: Granas
authors: Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Noklus, Norwegian Quality Improvement of Primary Care Laboratories, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Una Ørvim
authors: UØ
authors: Sølvik
authors: Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care/Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Reidun Lisbet Skeide
authors: RL
authors: Kjome
keywords: Capillary blood glucose measurements; Chronic disease management; Clinical guidelines; Diabetes mellitus; Healthcare professionals; Nursing homes; Nursing practice