title: Biomarkers of residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
abstract: Nowadays, the decision of which adjuvant treatment should be given to patients with residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy is based on the initial, pretreatment breast cancer molecular subtype and on the estimated residual tumour burden after neoadjuvant therapy. Substantial biological differences exist, however, between treatment-naive breast cancer and the residual tissue that remains after neoadjuvant therapy. In addition, the evaluation of relapse risk in patients is subject to a lack of uniformity in pathological qualification and quantification of remnant breast cancer following neoadjuvant treatment. In this Review, we present the recent recommendations for standardized evaluation of response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with breast cancer, followed by a comprehensive overview of the pathobiological features of the residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, which could serve as prognostic biomarkers or guide the choice of targeted adjuvant approaches. These biomarker candidates are at different stages of development, but some already have demonstrated superior prognostic value compared with biomarkers derived from pretreatment breast-cancer characteristics. The evidence presented herein indicates that further research on the biology of breast cancer that persists after neoadjuvant therapy is necessary to improve the management of this disease.
authors: Department of Pathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|ERTICa Research Group, EA4677 University of Auvergne, 49 Boulevard Francois Mitterrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Frederique
authors: F
authors: Penault-Llorca
authors: Department of Pathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|ERTICa Research Group, EA4677 University of Auvergne, 49 Boulevard Francois Mitterrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Radosevic-Robin
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D020543:Proteome; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases