title: Biosynthesis of the Metalloclusters of Nitrogenases.
abstract: Nitrogenase is a versatile metalloenzyme that is capable of catalyzing two important reactions under ambient conditions: the reduction of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3), a key step in the global nitrogen cycle; and the reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to hydrocarbons, two reactions useful for recycling carbon waste into carbon fuel. The molybdenum (Mo)- and vanadium (V)-nitrogenases are two homologous members of this enzyme family. Each of them contains a P-cluster and a cofactor, two high-nuclearity metalloclusters that have crucial roles in catalysis. This review summarizes the progress that has been made in elucidating the biosynthetic mechanisms of the P-cluster and cofactor species of nitrogenase, focusing on what is known about the assembly mechanisms of the two metalloclusters in Mo-nitrogenase and giving a brief account of the possible assembly schemes of their counterparts in V-nitrogenase, which are derived from the homology between the two nitrogenases.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and.
authors: Yilin
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and.|Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; email: yilinh@uci.edu , mribbe@uci.edu.
authors: Markus W
authors: MW
authors: Ribbe
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016948:Azotobacter vinelandii / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009591:Nitrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014639:Vanadium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003067:Coenzymes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D014639:Vanadium; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D008982:Molybdenum; D007501:Iron; D009591:Nitrogenase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: M-cluster; P-cluster; V-cluster; [Fe4S4]; assembly; radical SAM