title: Time trends of persistent organic pollutants in spanish air.
abstract: Passive air samplers consisting of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks were deployed in seven remote points and four urban locations to assess levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and some organochlorine pesticides including: 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene) (DDT) and their metabolites (1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (DDE) and 1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene (DDD)), hexaclorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), in the Spanish ambient air. Results revealed HCB (49 pg m(-3); median) as the major pollutant, followed in decreasing order by HCHs (21 pg m(-3)), ∑DDT/E/Ds (20 pg m(-3)), PCBs (20 pg m(-3)), PBDEs (3.3 pg m(-3)) and PCDD/Fs (0.04 pg m(-3)), when urban and remote locations are evaluated together. Urban areas presented statistically significant (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test) higher levels for all families studied, except for HCB, compared to remote locations revealing anthropogenic activities as potential sources for these chemicals. On the contrary, HCB concentrations seem to reflect background levels. Interestingly, results reveal a decreasing trend for PCBs, PBDEs and DDTs levels in remote areas, while this behaviour is only statistically significant in the case of the former chemicals in urban locations. The present study is framed in the Spanish air monitoring plan and represents the first complete analysis related to POP presence in Spanish air coming from inner sites.
authors: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department. CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: adrian.delatorre@ciemat.es.
authors: Adrián de la
authors: Ade L
authors: Torre
authors: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department. CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Paloma
authors: P
authors: Sanz
authors: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department. CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Navarro
authors: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department. CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: María Ángeles
authors: MÁ
authors: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Air; Passive sampler; Persistent organic pollutant; Polyurethane foam disks; Spanish national implementation plan of stockholm convention