title: Effect of ferrous chloride on biogas production and enzymatic activities during anaerobic fermentation of cow dung and Phragmites straw.
abstract: The effect of ferrous (added as FeCl2) on the anaerobic co-digestion of Phragmites straw and cow dung was studied by investigating the biogas properties, pH values, organic matter degradation (COD) and enzyme activities (cellulase, protease and dehydrogenase) at different stages of mesophilic fermentation. The results showed that Fe(2+) addition increased the cumulative biogas yields by 18.1 % by extending the peak period with high daily biogas yields. Meanwhile, the methane (CH4) contents in the Fe(2+) added groups were generally higher than the control group before the 15th day. The pH values were not significantly impacted by Fe(2+) concentrations during the fermentation process. The COD concentrations, cellulase, protease and dehydrogenase activities varied with the added Fe(2+) concentrations and the stages of the fermentation process. At the beginning stage of fermentation (4th day), Fe(2+) addition increased the biogas production by improving the cellulase and dehydrogenase activities which caused a decline in COD. At the peak stage of fermentation (8th day), Fe(2+) addition enhanced the cellulase and protease activities, and resulted in lower COD contents than the control group. When the biogas yields decreased again (13th day), the COD contents varied similar with the protease and dehydrogenase activities, whilst cellulase activities were not sensitive to Fe(2+) concentrations. At the end of fermentation (26th day), Fe(2+) addition decreased the cellulase activities, led to lower COD contents and finally resulted the lower biogas yields than the control group. Taking the whole fermentation process into account, the promoting effect of Fe(2+) addition on biogas yields was mainly attributed to the extension of the gas production peak stage and the improvement of cellulase activities.
authors: Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China. rceens@ncepu.edu.cn.
authors: Huayong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors: Yonglan
authors: Y
authors: Tian
authors: Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors: Lijun
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors: Xueyue
authors: X
authors: Mi
authors: Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Chai
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels; D002417:Cattle; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002480:Cellulase; D008697:Methane; C029451:ferrous chloride
keywords: Cellulase; Cow dung; Dehydrogenase; Ferrous ions; Phragmites; Protease