title: Association between glaucoma eye drops and hyperemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used an image analysis software program to quantitatively investigate conjunctival injection in patients treated with eye drops for glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared 169 patients (89 men and 80 women) with a diagnosis of glaucoma. Photographs of the conjunctiva were taken on the temporal side of each patient's right eye using a slit lamp. We determined the mean pixel frequencies of the conjunctival blood vessels from the photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ocular hyperemia of the patients being treated with prostaglandins was more severe than that of the patients being treated with beta-blockers or no eye drops. In multiple comparisons of each of the eye drops, the control group had a significantly lower degree of hyperemia than did the patients being treated with each of the various prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, and bimatoprost). Among the patients receiving prostaglandin, the percentage of those with hyperemia was highest in the bimatoprost users, followed in order by the travoprost, latanoprost, and tafluprost users. However, no significant differences were found among the different prostaglandin analogs in terms of the percentage of patients with hyperemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our software program may be useful for evaluating the hyperemic effects of eye drops used for glaucoma. The particular type of prostaglandin analog seems to determine the level of conjunctival hyperemia during ocular hypotensive medical treatment.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. myanagi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masahide
authors: M
authors: Yanagi
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Kiuchi
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Yuasa
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Yoneda
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
authors: Tamaki
authors: T
authors: Sumi
authors: NIDEK CO. LTD, Gamagori, Japan.
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Hoshikawa
authors: NIDEK CO. LTD, Gamagori, Japan.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
authors: Atsuki
authors: A
authors: Fukushima
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010781:Photography; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic
keywords: Conjunctival injection; Eye drops; Glaucoma; Hyperemia