title: Human herpesvirus 8 establishes a latent infection in prostates of Tobago men resulting in increased macrophage infiltration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Caribbean island of Tobago, which is 97% African ancestry, has one of the highest rates of prostate cancer in the world. We have previously reported that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is significantly associated with prostate cancer in Tobago. In this study, we extend those results testing the hypothesis that HHV-8 seropositive Tobagonian men have a chronic HHV-8 infection in their prostates that is associated with increased inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate sections were screened by immunohistochemistry for the expression of HHV-8 proteins K8.1 and LANA-1 and for presence of B cells (CD20) and macrophages (CD68).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HHV-8 antigen expression representing lytic and latent infections was seen in 73.9% of prostates from HHV-8 seropositive subjects. Latent infections were seen predominantly in glandular epithelia whereas lytic gene expression was seen mainly in macrophages in prostate stroma. Macrophage infiltrates were significantly increased in sections expressing HHV-8 proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HHV-8 establishes a chronic latent infection in the prostate, which is associated with an increased macrophage infiltrate.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh Johnstown, Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
authors: Jill D
authors: JD
authors: Henning
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Clareann H
authors: CH
authors: Bunker
authors: Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies.
authors: Alan L
authors: AL
authors: Patrick
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Frank J
authors: FJ
authors: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C113454:K8.1 protein, Human herpesvirus 8; C109540:latency-associated nuclear antigen
keywords: African descent; human herpesvirus 8; inflammation; latent infection; prostate cancer