title: Pain Sensitivity in Patients With Major Depression: Differential Effect of Pain Sensitivity Measures, Somatic Cofactors, and Disease Characteristics.
abstract: Patients with depression often report pain. Evidence regarding altered pain sensitivity in depressed patients remains, however, inconclusive. In a large cross-sectional study we investigated the association between depression and pain sensitivity with regard to 2 different dimensions of pain sensitivity, as well as the effect of somatic cofactors, symptom severity, and subtype of depression. In 735 patients with a current episode of major depression and 456 never-depressed control participants pain thresholds (pressure pain thresholds, PPTs) were measured at the index finger pad and self-rated suprathreshold pain intensity ratings were obtained using the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ)-minor subscore, an instrument that assesses pain intensity in daily life situations. Additionally, lifestyle factors, medical, and psychiatric conditions were assessed. Unadjusted, patients with depression had lower PPTs and higher PSQ-minor scores indicating increased pain sensitivity. After adjusting for potential mediators, such as poor sleep quality and physical inactivity, patients did not differ from control participants regarding PPTs, but still had significantly higher PSQ-minor ratings. Among patients with depression, severity of anxiety symptoms predicted higher PSQ-minor scores. In conclusion, we found a differential effect of depression on the 2 pain sensitivity dimensions: Decreased experimentally obtained pain thresholds were explained by depression-associated somatic factors whereas increased self-rated suprathreshold pain intensity ratings were associated with increased anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  
  Because increased pain intensity perception is hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of chronic pain, our findings may contribute to understanding the high incidence of chronic pain in depressed patients. They also encourage clinicians to consider the role of anxiety in treatment programs for pain in patients with depression.
authors: Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Hermesdorf
authors: Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Berger
authors: Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Bernhard T
authors: BT
authors: Baune
authors: Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Wellmann
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Ruscheweyh
authors: Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. Electronic address: werschin@uni-muenster.de.
authors: Heike
authors: H
authors: Wersching
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Depression; anxiety; pain intensity; pain sensitivity; pain threshold