title: Amorphous Red Phosphorus Embedded in Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with Superior Lithium and Sodium Storage Capacity.
abstract: Red phosphorus (P) have been considered as one of the most promising anode material for both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and (NIBs), because of its high theoretical capacity. However, natural insulating property and the large volume expansion of red P during cycling lead to poor cyclability and low rate performance, which prevents its practical application. Here, we significantly improves both lithium storage and sodium storage performance of red P by confining nanosized amorphous red P into the mesoporous carbon matrix (P@CMK-3) using a vaporization-condensation-conversion process. The P@CMK-3 shows a high reversible specific capacity of ∼ 2250 mA h g(-1) based on the mass of red P at 0.25 C (∼ 971 mA h g(-1) based on the composite), excellent rate performance of 1598 and 624 mA h g(-1) based on the mass of red P at 6.1 and 12 C, respectively (562 and 228 mA h g(-1) based on the mass of the composite at 6.1 and 12 C, respectively) and significantly enhanced cycle life of 1150 mA h g(-1) based on the mass of red P at 5 C (500 mA h g(-1) based on the mass of the composite) after 1000 cycles for LIBs. For Na ions, it also displays a reversible capacity of 1020 mA h g(-1) based on the mass of red P (370 mA h g(-1) based on the mass of the composite) after 210 cycles at 5C. The significantly improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the unique structure that combines a variety of advantages: easy access of electrolyte to the open channel structure, short transport path of ions through carbon toward the red P, and high ionic and electronic conductivity.
authors: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Weihan
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Zhenzhong
authors: Z
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Minsi
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Jiang
authors: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Wei
authors: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Xiongwu
authors: X
authors: Zhong
authors: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Metter, Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Gu
authors: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.|State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Yu
keywords: CMK-3; Lithium-ion batteries; anodes; red phosphorus; sodium-ion batteries