title: Retrospective analysis of "new" flame retardants in the global atmosphere under the GAPS Network.
abstract: A retrospective analysis was conducted on air samples that were collected in 2005 under the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network around the time period when the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants came into force. Results are presented for several new flame retardants, including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), which was recently listed under the Convention (2013). These results represent the first global-scale distributions in air for these compounds. The targeted compounds are shown to have unique global distributions in air, which highlights the challenges in understanding the sources and environmental fate of each chemical, and ultimately in their assessments as persistent organic pollutants. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of using the PUF disk passive air sampler to study these new flame retardants in air, many of which exist entirely in the particle-phase as demonstrated in this study using a KOA-based partitioning model.
authors: Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada.
authors: Sum Chi
authors: SC
authors: Lee
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 Canada.
authors: Ed
authors: E
authors: Sverko
authors: Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Electronic address: Tom.Harner@canada.ca.
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Harner
authors: Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, P.C. 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile; RECETOX, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3/126, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: Karla
authors: K
authors: Pozo
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 Canada.
authors: Enzo
authors: E
authors: Barresi
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 Canada.
authors: JoAnne
authors: J
authors: Schachtschneider
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 Canada.
authors: Donna
authors: D
authors: Zaruk
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 Canada.
authors: Maryl
authors: M
authors: DeJong
authors: Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Narayan
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D007391:International Cooperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants
keywords: GAPS Network; HBCD; Non-PBDE flame retardants; PUF disk; Passive air sampling