title: A single session of open kinetic chain movements emphasizing speed improves speed of movement and modifies postural control in stroke.
abstract: Little attention has been given to training speed of movement, even though functional activities require quick submaximal contractions. Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are considered more functional; however, the best method for training speed is not known. A single bout of open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises emphasizing speed was performed to determine whether movement velocity and muscle activation would improve in a single session and whether the improvements transfer to a physiological balance task. Eleven participants <1 year post-stroke performed an arm raise task before and after a single session of fast OKC exercises. Surface electromyography (EMG) from soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), biceps femoris (BF) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles, peak velocity and average power were recorded during the OKC exercises. EMG from SOL, TA, BF and RF and center of pressure (COP) velocity were measured during arm raise task. At the end of the OKC exercises, velocity, power and TA, BF and RF EMG area increased. The arm acceleration and BF EMG area increased significantly during the arm raise. The improvements observed at the end of the OKC exercises transferred to the arm raise task. The improvements in balance were comparable to those previously seen after CKC exercises.
authors: a Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors: Vicki L
authors: VL
authors: Gray
authors: b Department of Physical Therapy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.
authors: Tanya D
authors: TD
authors: Ivanova
authors: b Department of Physical Therapy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.
authors: S Jayne
authors: SJ
authors: Garland
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D065187:Controlled Before-After Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D053580:Muscle Strength; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D004856:Postural Balance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000294:innervation*
keywords: Hemiparesis; postural control; stroke; training; velocity