title: Therapeutic effects of dendrosomal solanine on a metastatic breast tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our previous studies showed that alpha-solanine can inhibit tumor growth in cell culture and animal models of breast cancer. However, solanine is insoluble in common solvents; therefore, we developed a special nanoparticle with high-capacity solubility. The present study is aimed to deliberate the therapeutic effects of dendrosomal solanine (DNS) on a metastatic breast tumor in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  After DNS preparation and dosing procedures, forty-five mice were equally divided into five groups to investigate the anti-metastatic effects of DNS on mammary tumor-bearing mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to solanine, DNS significantly suppressed the proliferation of 4 T1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DNS showed a remarkable safety rate of up to 10mg/kg. A significant decrease in white blood-cell count was seen at 20mg/kg DNS in comparison with control animals. Mice treated with DNS had smaller tumor volume (mm(3)) in comparison with control and solanine groups. Moreover, the incidence of the breast tumor metastases was about 67% in the control animals, where as solanine and DNS 1mg/kg were about 22% and 0%, respectively. Furthermore, the number of metastases per mouse varied from one to three. The tissues of tumor, brain, liver, spleen, and lung showed higher expression levels of Bcl-2 but lower expression levels of Bax, MMP-2, MMP-9, mTOR, and Akt in DNS-treated mice than control and solanine groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that DNS has a more impactful therapeutic effect than solanine on 4 T1-induced breast tumorigenesis via influencing the tissue microenvironment.
authors: Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Mohsenikia
authors: Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: aalizadeh@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors: Baharak
authors: B
authors: Farhangi
authors: Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ali Mohammad
authors: AM
authors: Alizadeh
authors: Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Khodayari
authors: Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Khodayari
authors: Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Vahid
authors: V
authors: Khori
authors: Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Yasaman
authors: Y
authors: Arjmand Abbassi
authors: Department of Mathematics, Statistic, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors: Milica
authors: M
authors: Vesovic
authors: Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Soleymani
authors: Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Farhood
authors: F
authors: Najafi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012992:Solanine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D012992:Solanine
keywords: Breast cancer; Dendrosome; Metastasis; Mice; Solanine