title: Universal newborn hearing screening in Umbria region, Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Italy, universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) was first introduced in some regions from 1997. Umbria Region has launched a UNHS program in all hospitals, which has been implemented throughout the region since July 2010. Before UNHS implementation in Umbria region, the average age of identification of congenital hearing loss was around 32 months of age with an average age of initial amplification treatment at least 2 months later. The coverage rate of newborn screening was only 34.4% in 2006. The aim of this study was to examine the results of this program and its evolution in the first 2.5 years since implementation in our region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since July 2010, all 11 birth centers and hospitals in Umbria region have been involved in a UNHS program. The screening involves the automated otoacoustic emissions (AOAE) test and automatic auditory brain stem response (AABR) audiometry. The number of screening stages and tests used were different depending on whether the infants had audiological risk factors or not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20,841 babies were born in the hospitals involved of whom 20,051 were well born babies (WB), while 790 babies (3.8%) presented identified audiological risk factors (BRF). The overall coverage rate in the study period was 93.8%. The prevalence of hearing loss was 2‰ for WB infants and 4.3% for BRF. Mean age at diagnosis was 5.31±3.95 and 11.28±7.73 months in the WB and BRF groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UNHS has allowed us to substantially increase the coverage rates and decrease the mean age at diagnosis and subsequent treatment. The identification of audiological risk factors is very important for adequate screening and follow-up. However the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing 2007 quality indicators and benchmarks for screening have not yet been fully achieved and there is still scope for some improvement. This could be achieved with a closer cooperation among institutions, parents, pediatricians, and ENT doctors.
authors: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Perugia, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Via G. Dottori 1, Perugia 06156, Italy.
authors: Egisto
authors: E
authors: Molini
authors: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Perugia, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Via G. Dottori 1, Perugia 06156, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Calzolaro
authors: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Perugia, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Via G. Dottori 1, Perugia 06156, Italy. Electronic address: ruggerolapenna@gmail.com.
authors: Ruggero
authors: R
authors: Lapenna
authors: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Perugia, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Via G. Dottori 1, Perugia 06156, Italy.
authors: Giampietro
authors: G
authors: Ricci
mesh_terms: D001299:Audiometry; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Auditory brain stem evoked responses; Hearing loss; Italy; Neonatal screening; Otoacoustic emissions