title: Public Health Laboratory Surveillance and Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis: Time to Revisit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed detection of recent Japanese encephalitis virus infection using recommended strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional community-based study conducted in 12 villages in Kushinagar, Uttar-Pradesh, India in 2012-13. Recent infection with Japanese encephalitis virus in 239 healthy children aged 1-15 year was detected using a combination of serology and molecular methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 (10%) children showed recent infection; 2 by serology and 22 by molecular method. Symptomatic cases were estimated as 626 in Kushinagar against reported 139 in all age groups across the state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower positivity using recommended serology suggests major gap in existing surveillance and diagnostic protocols and estimation of burden of Japanese encephalitis.
authors: Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi; *Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh; and University College of Medical Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi; India. Correspondence to: Dr Manish Kakkar, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122 002, Haryana, India. manish.kakkar@phfi.org.
authors: Manish
authors: M
authors: Kakkar
authors: Tapan N
authors: TN
authors: Dhole
authors: Elizabeth T
authors: ET
authors: Rogawski
authors: Sanjay
authors: S
authors: Chaturvedi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007753:Laboratories / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data