title: Are non-invasive interventions effective for the management of headaches associated with neck pain? An update of the Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration.
abstract: To update findings of the 2000-2010 Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders and evaluate the effectiveness of non-invasive and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of patients with headaches associated with neck pain (i.e., tension-type, cervicogenic, or whiplash-related headaches).
  
  
  
  We searched five databases from 1990 to 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies comparing non-invasive interventions with other interventions, placebo/sham, or no interventions. Random pairs of independent reviewers critically appraised eligible studies using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria to determine scientific admissibility. Studies with a low risk of bias were synthesized following best evidence synthesis principles.
  
  
  
  We screened 17,236 citations, 15 studies were relevant, and 10 had a low risk of bias. The evidence suggests that episodic tension-type headaches should be managed with low load endurance craniocervical and cervicoscapular exercises. Patients with chronic tension-type headaches may also benefit from low load endurance craniocervical and cervicoscapular exercises; relaxation training with stress coping therapy; or multimodal care that includes spinal mobilization, craniocervical exercises, and postural correction. For cervicogenic headaches, low load endurance craniocervical and cervicoscapular exercises; or manual therapy (manipulation with or without mobilization) to the cervical and thoracic spine may also be helpful.
  
  
  
  The management of headaches associated with neck pain should include exercise. Patients who suffer from chronic tension-type headaches may also benefit from relaxation training with stress coping therapy or multimodal care. Patients with cervicogenic headache may also benefit from a course of manual therapy.
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Undergraduate Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Sharanya
authors: S
authors: Varatharajan
authors: Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Ferguson
authors: Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Chrobak
authors: University of Ottawa Centre for Interdisciplinary Pain Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 249-B, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
authors: Yaadwinder
authors: Y
authors: Shergill
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada. pierre.cote@uoit.ca.|Canada Research Chair in Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7L7, Canada. pierre.cote@uoit.ca.|Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7L7, Canada. pierre.cote@uoit.ca.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Côté
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Jessica J
authors: JJ
authors: Wong
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Hainan
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Heather M
authors: HM
authors: Shearer
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Rebecca MacDonald Centre for Arthritis and Autoimmune Disease, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, 60 Murray Street, 2nd Floor (Main), Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Southerst
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Sutton
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Undergraduate Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Kristi
authors: K
authors: Randhawa
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Division of Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Jacobs
authors: Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Sean
authors: S
authors: Abdulla
authors: Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Erin
authors: E
authors: Woitzik
authors: Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QUÉBEC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
authors: Andrée-Anne
authors: AA
authors: Marchand
authors: Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, 6th Floor, Room 658, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.|Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.|Institute for Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada.
authors: Gabrielle
authors: G
authors: van der Velde
authors: Injury Prevention Centre and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 ECHA, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
authors: Linda J
authors: LJ
authors: Carroll
authors: Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Environmental Medicine, Occupational and Industrial Orthopedic Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors: Margareta
authors: M
authors: Nordin
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7L7, Canada.|Institute for Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada.|Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 4th Flodior, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Ammendolia
authors: Division of Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.|Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7L7, Canada.
authors: Silvano
authors: S
authors: Mior
authors: Certification Program in Insurance Medicine and Medico-legal Expertise, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, N-414, Roger-Gaudry Building, 2900, Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Ameis
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Stupar
authors: UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Taylor-Vaisey
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000150:complications; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications; D009864:Ontario; D051298:Post-Traumatic Headache / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications
keywords: Cervicogenic headache; Headache attributed to whiplash injury; Non-invasive interventions; Systematic review; Tension-type headache