title: Preeclampsia prevention: a case-control study nested in a cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preeclampsia is the main complication of pregnancy in developing countries. Calcium starting at 14 weeks of pregnancy is indicated to prevent the disease. Recent advances in prevention of preeclampsia endorse the addition of conjugated linoleic acid.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the protective effect from calcium alone, compared to calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid in nulliparous women at risk of preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control design nested in the cohort of nulliparous women attending antenatal care from 2010 to 2014. The clinical histories of 387 cases of preeclampsia were compared with 1,054 normotensive controls. The exposure was prescriptions for calcium alone, the first period, or calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid, the second period, from 12 to 16 weeks of gestational age to labor. Confounding variables were controlled, allowing only nulliparous women into the study and stratifying by age, education and ethnic group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age was 26.4 yrs old (range= 13-45), 85% from mixed ethnic backgrounds and with high school education. There were no differences between women who received calcium carbonate and those who did not (OR= 0.96; 95% CI= 0.73-1.27). The group of adolescents (13 to 18 years old) in the calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid was protected for preeclampsia (OR= 0.00; 95% CI= 0.00-0.44) independent of the confounder variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy did not have preventive effects on preeclampsia. 2. Calcium plus Conjugated Linoleic acid provided to adolescents was observed to have preventive effect on Preeclampsia.
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Servicios (GRIEPI). Universidad Libre-seccional Cali, Colombia.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Alzate
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Servicios (GRIEPI). Universidad Libre-seccional Cali, Colombia.
authors: Rodolfo
authors: R
authors: Herrera-Medina
authors: Coomeva EPS. Cali, Colombia.
authors: Lucia M
authors: LM
authors: Pineda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019787:Linoleic Acid; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Preeclampsia; adolescence; calcium; conjugated linoleic acid; prevention