title: Self-reported sleep duration and cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Sleep is important for optimal cognitive functioning across the lifespan. Among older adults (≥55 years), self-reported short and long sleep durations have been repeatedly, albeit inconsistently, reported to elevate the risk for poor cognitive function. This meta-analytic review quantitatively summarizes the risk for poorer cognitive function among short and long sleepers in older adults. Eligible publications were searched online and manually. A total of 35 independent samples (N = 97,264) from 11 cross-sectional and seven prospective cohort studies were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived using random-effects models. Self-reported short and long sleep increased the odds for poor cognitive function by 1.40 (CI = 1.27-1.56) and 1.58 times (CI = 1.43-1.74), respectively. Effect sizes varied across studies and may have been moderated by both study type (cross-sectional and prospective) and cognitive domain assessed. For cross-sectional studies, extreme sleep durations were significantly associated with poorer multiple-domain performance, executive functions, verbal memory, and working memory capacity. Prospective cohort studies revealed the significant long-term impact of short and long sleep on multiple-domain performance only. These findings establish self-reported extreme sleep duration as a risk factor for cognitive aging.
authors: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: june.lo@duke-nus.edu.sg.
authors: June C
authors: JC
authors: Lo
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Groeger
authors: Counselling & Psychology Department, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong.
authors: Grand H
authors: GH
authors: Cheng
authors: Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
authors: Derk-Jan
authors: DJ
authors: Dijk
authors: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: michael.chee@duke-nus.edu.sg.
authors: Michael W L
authors: MW
authors: Chee
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D056344:Executive Function; D006801:Humans; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cognitive function; Meta-analysis; Older adults; Review; Sleep duration