title: Investigation of blood flow in the external carotid artery and its branches with a new 0D peripheral model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient-specific modelling in clinical studies requires a realistic simulation to be performed within a reasonable computational time. The aim of this study was to develop simple but realistic outflow boundary conditions for patient-specific blood flow simulation which can be used to clarify the distribution of the anticancer agent in intra-arterial chemotherapy for oral cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the boundary conditions are expressed as a zero dimension (0D) resistance model of the peripheral vessel network based on the fractal characteristics of branching arteries combined with knowledge of the circulatory system and the energy minimization principle. This resistance model was applied to four patient-specific blood flow simulations at the region where the common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of these simulations with the proposed boundary conditions were compared with the results of ultrasound measurements for the same patients. The pressure was found to be within the physiological range. The difference in velocity in the superficial temporal artery results in an error of 5.21 ± 0.78 % between the numerical results and the measurement data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed outflow boundary conditions, therefore, constitute a simple resistance-based model and can be used for performing accurate simulations with commercial fluid dynamics software.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. t086014f@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshihito
authors: Y
authors: Ohhara
authors: Department of Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. marie@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp.|Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan. marie@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Oshima
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. iwai104oams@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Toshinori
authors: T
authors: Iwai
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. hiroaki_k_0315@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Kitajima
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. yas.yajima@gmail.com.
authors: Yasuharu
authors: Y
authors: Yajima
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. mitsudo@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Mitsudo
authors: Department of Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. absy.krdy@gmail.com.|Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan. absy.krdy@gmail.com.
authors: Absy
authors: A
authors: Krdy
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. tohnai@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors: Iwai
authors: I
authors: Tohnai
mesh_terms: D001775:Blood Circulation; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D066230:Patient-Specific Modeling; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014783:Viscosity