title: Human bronchial epithelial cells exposed in vitro to diesel exhaust particles exhibit alterations in cell rheology and cytotoxicity associated with decrease in antioxidant defenses and imbalance in pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression.
abstract: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from diesel engines produce adverse alterations in cells of the airways by activating intracellular signaling pathways and apoptotic gene overexpression, and also by influencing metabolism and cytoskeleton changes. This study used human bronchial epithelium cells (BEAS-2B) in culture and evaluates their exposure to DEPs (15ug/mL for 1 and 2 h) in order to determine changes to cell rheology (viscoelasticity) and gene expression of the enzymes involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. BEAS-2B cells exposed to DEPs were found to have a significant loss in stiffness, membrane stability, and mitochondrial activity. The genes involved in apoptosis [B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2 and caspase-3)] presented inversely proportional expressions (p = 0.05, p = 0.01, respectively), low expression of the genes involved in antioxidant responses [SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1); SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) (p = 0.01)], along with an increase in cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) (p = 0.01). These results suggest that alterations in cell rheology and cytotoxicity could be associated with oxidative stress and imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic genes.
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil. robsonseriani@yahoo.com.br.|FAM - Faculdades das Américas, Rua Augusta, 1508, 3°andar, São Paulo, SP, 01304-001, Brazil. robsonseriani@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Robson
authors: R
authors: Seriani
authors: Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão - travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, 05508900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Claudia Emanuele Carvalho
authors: CE
authors: de Souza
authors: Laboratory for Investigations in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo 455, 5°andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
authors: Paloma Gava
authors: PG
authors: Krempel
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
authors: Daniela Perroni
authors: DP
authors: Frias
authors: Laboratory for Investigations in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo 455, 5°andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Matsuda
authors: Heart Institute (InCor), Department of Cardiopulmonology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Cerqueira Cesar, 05403-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Aristides Tadeu
authors: AT
authors: Correia
authors: Laboratory of Microrheology and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R Número 187, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Márcia Zotti Justo
authors: MZ
authors: Ferreira
authors: Laboratory of Microrheology and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R Número 187, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Adriano Mesquita
authors: AM
authors: Alencar
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
authors: Elnara Marcia
authors: EM
authors: Negri
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
authors: Paulo Hilário Nascimento
authors: PH
authors: Saldiva
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
authors: Thais
authors: T
authors: Mauad
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
authors: Mariangela
authors: M
authors: Macchione
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012212:Rheology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; D052638:Particulate Matter; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; C569463:CYP1A1 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Air pollution; Cell rheology; Cytotoxicity; Gene expression; Oxidative stress; Ultrafine particles