title: Comparison of porcine thorax to gelatine blocks for wound ballistics studies.
abstract: Tissue simulants are typically used in ballistic testing as substitutes for biological tissues. Many simulants have been used, with gelatine amongst the most common. While two concentrations of gelatine (10 and 20 %) have been used extensively, no agreed standard exists for the preparation of either. Comparison of ballistic damage produced in both concentrations is lacking. The damage produced in gelatine is also questioned, with regards to what it would mean for specific areas of living tissue. The aim of the work discussed in this paper was to consider how damage caused by selected pistol and rifle ammunition varied in different simulants. Damage to gelatine blocks 10 and 20 % in concentration were tested with 9 mm Luger (9 × 19 full metal jacket; FMJ) rounds, while damage produced by .223 Remington (5.56 × 45 Federal Premium® Tactical® Bonded®) rounds to porcine thorax sections (skin, underlying tissue, ribs, lungs, ribs, underlying tissue, skin; backed by a block of 10 % gelatine) were compared to 10 and 20 % gelatine blocks. Results from the .223 Remington rifle round, which is one that typically expands on impact, revealed depths of penetration in the thorax arrangement were significantly different to 20 % gelatine, but not 10 % gelatine. The level of damage produced in the simulated thoraxes was smaller in scale to that witnessed in both gelatine concentrations, though greater debris was produced in the thoraxes.
authors: Impact and Armour Group, Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield University at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mabbott
authors: Impact and Armour Group, Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield University at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK. d.j.carr@cranfield.ac.uk.
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Carr
authors: Weapons and Vehicle Systems Group, Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield University at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Champion
authors: Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Civil Engineering, Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Home Office Science, Woodcock Hill, Sandridge, St Albans, Hertfordshire, AL4 9HQ, UK.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Malbon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044709:Forensic Ballistics / Q000379:methods*; D005780:Gelatin; D008954:Models, Biological; D013552:Swine; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin
keywords: 10 and 20 % gelatine; Pistol; Rifle; Tissue simulants