title: Intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease: challenging differential diagnosis.
abstract: Along with epidemiological changes in tuberculosis (TB) and an increased incidence of Crohn's disease (CD), the differential diagnosis of intestinal TB (ITB) and CD is of vital importance and has become a clinical challenge because treatment based on misdiagnosis may lead to fatal outcomes. In this study, we reviewed the similarities and differences in clinical, endoscopic, radiological and histological features of these two diseases. Concomitant pulmonary TB, ascites, night sweats, involvement of fewer than four segments of the bowel, patulous ileocecal valve, transverse ulcers, scars or pseudopolyps strongly indicate ITB. Bloody stools, perianal signs, chronic diarrhea, extraintestinal manifestations, anorectal lesions, longitudinal ulcers and a cobblestone appearance are all suggestive of CD. Significant differences in the size, number, location and patterns of granulomas in ITB and CD with regard to their histopathologic features have been noted. Immune stain of cell surface markers is also helpful. Interferon-γ release assay and polymerase chain reaction analysis have achieved satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of ITB. Computed tomography enterographic findings of segmental small bowel or left colon involvement, mural stratification, the comb sign and fibrofatty proliferation are significantly more common in CD, whereas mesenteric lymph node changes (calcification or central necrosis) and focal ileocecal lesions are more frequently seen in ITB. A diagnosis should be carefully established before the initiation of the therapy. In suspicious cases, short-term empirical anti-TB therapy is quite efficient to further confirm the diagnosis.
authors: Jia Yi
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-1668
authors: JY
authors: Ma
authors: Jin Lu
authors: JL
authors: Tong
authors: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors: Zhi Hua
authors: ZH
authors: Ran
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014385:Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Crohn disease; differential diagnosis; gastrointestinal tuberculosis; inflammatory bowel diseases