title: Severe Infection With Avian Influenza A Virus is Associated With Delayed Immune Recovery in Survivors.
abstract: Human infection with avian influenza A virus (H7N9) is a concern because of the mortality rate. Previously, we characterized immunological responses during active infection with it and reported evidence of impaired antigen-presenting capability, particularly in severely affected individuals. Here we describe an investigation of immunological responses during a 1-year follow-up of survivors of H7N9 infection. Survivors of H7N9 infection were classified as having had mild (n = 42) or severe infection (n = 26). Their immune status, including human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes, and their ability to mount cytokine responses were assessed at 1, 3, and 12 months postinfection.The total lymphocyte count and the percentages of different types of lymphocytes had normalized by 1 month postinfection. However, there was evidence of ongoing impairment of immune responses in those who had had severe infection. This included reduced human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on CD14 monocytes, reduced interferon-γ production by T cells, and higher plasma levels of the matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, and 9. By 3 months postinfection, these had all normalized.After severe H7N9 infection, recovery of the antigen-presenting capability of monocytes and T-cell responses are delayed. This may lead to an increased vulnerability to secondary bacterial infections.
authors: From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (JC, GC, CL, YD, HG, YZ, YW, LW, LL, HD); and Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (TU).
authors: Jianing
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Guangying
authors: G
authors: Cui
authors: Chong
authors: C
authors: Lu
authors: Yulong
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Hainv
authors: H
authors: Gao
authors: Yixin
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Yingfeng
authors: Y
authors: Wei
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Toshimitsu
authors: T
authors: Uede
authors: Lanjuan
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Hongyan
authors: H
authors: Diao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D064766:Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D017741:Survivors; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases