title: Altered resting state functional connectivity of anterior insula in young smokers.
abstract: The insula has been implicated in cognitive control and craving, all of which are critical to the clinical manifestations of nicotine dependence. However, little evidence exists about the abnormalities in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the insula in young smokers, which might improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms of nicotine dependence. Due to the structural and functional heterogeneity of the insula, the RSFC patterns of both left and right anterior (AI) and posterior insula (PI) were investigated in young smokers and non-smokers. Meanwhile, the relationship was assessed between the neuroimaging findings and clinical information (pack-years, FTND, and craving) as well as cognitive control deficits measured by Stroop task performance. Compared with non-smokers, young smokers showed reduced RSFC between right AI and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), amygdala, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal striatum. Additionally, left AI showed reduced RSFC with ACC. Both left and right PI network differences were not observed between two groups. Moreover, in young smokers, FTND and incongruent errors in the Stroop task were negatively correlated with the RSFC between AI and ACC. Craving scores showed a significantly negative relationship with the RSFC strength between right AI and left VMPFC. These results provide a more thorough network-level understanding the role of insula in cigarette smoking. The findings provide new insights into the roles of AI-ACC circuit in cognitive control deficits and right AI-VMPFC circuit relevant to the craving of nicotine dependence for young smokers.
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yanzhi
authors: Y
authors: Bi
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China. kyuan@xidian.edu.cn.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China. kyuan@xidian.edu.cn.|Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China. kyuan@xidian.edu.cn.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Yuan
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Guan
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
authors: Jiadong
authors: J
authors: Cheng
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yajuan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yangding
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.
authors: Dahua
authors: D
authors: Yu
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Qin
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China. tian@ieee.org.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China. tian@ieee.org.|Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. tian@ieee.org.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Tian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012146:Rest; D000074285:Smokers / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D057190:Stroop Test; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive control; Craving; Insula; Resting state functional connectivity; Young smokers