title: Decellularization of Human Nasal Septal Cartilage for the Novel Filler Material of Vocal Fold Augmentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical application of allogenic and/or xenogenic cartilage for vocal fold augmentation requires to remove the antigenic cellular component. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of cartilage decellularization and determine the change in immunogenicity after detergent treatment in human nasal septal cartilage flakes made by the freezing and grinding method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human nasal septal cartilages were obtained from surgical cases. The harvested cartilages were treated by the freezing and grinding technique. The obtained cartilage flakes were treated with 1% Triton X-100 or 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for decellularization of the cartilage flakes. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain), surface electric microscopy, immunohistochemical stain for major histocompatibility complex I and II, and ELISA for DNA contents were performed to assess the effect of cartilage decellularization after detergent treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 nasal septal cartilages were obtained from surgical cases. After detergent treatment, the average size of the cartilage flakes was significantly decreased. With H&E staining, the cell nuclei of decellularized cartilage flakes were not observed. The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and II antigens was not identified in the decellularized cartilage flakes after treatment with detergent. DNA content was removed almost entirely from the decellularized cartilage flakes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with 2% SDS or 1% Triton X-100 for 1 hour appears to be a promising method for decellularization of human nasal septal cartilage for vocal fold augmentation.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dae-Woon
authors: DW
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung-Chan
authors: SC
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeon-Yeob
authors: JY
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hee-Young
authors: HY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Kyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin-Choon
authors: JC
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Soo-Geun
authors: SG
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: voiceleebj@gmail.com.
authors: Byung-Joo
authors: BJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005615:Freezing; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000032:analysis; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D017830:Octoxynol; D004247:DNA
keywords: Cartilage; Decellularization; Filler; SDS; Triton X-100