title: Intraocular cytokines in retinal vein occlusion and its relation to the efficiency of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the change in the concentration of intraocular cytokines (ICs) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab therapy (IVR), and to find the correlations of IC with clinical activity of RVO and efficiency of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients aged 46-79 years old (mean age: 60.7 ± 7.5 years old) with RVO and macular edema (18 patients - with central RVO, 26 - with branch RVO) treated with IVR were included into the study. The concentrations of 27 cytokines were simultaneously measured in aqueous humor by flow fluorometry using Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Panel, 27-Plex (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) at baseline and after the first IVR. Control group consisted of 20 age-matched patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of 11 cytokines (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], receptor antagonist interleukin-1, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12r70, IL-13, IL-15, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted) were significantly (P < 0.05) different compared to control and significantly (P < 0.05) changed after IVR both in central and branch RVO. The patients were divided into two groups: the first -"effective" and the second - "partially effective" therapy. The second group characterized by the higher concentrations of VEGF, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and MCP-1 at baseline compared to the first group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients with RVO were characterized by the increased levels of VEGF and other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Aqueous concentration of cytokines were different in patients with central and branch RVO and significantly changed after IVR. Insufficient response to IVR was associated with activation of immune-inflammatory processes.
authors: Andrey G
authors: AG
authors: Shchuko
authors: S.N. Fyodorov Federal State Institution, Intersectoral Research and Technology Complex, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "Irkutsk State Medical University" of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Igor V
authors: IV
authors: Zlobin
authors: Tatiana N
authors: TN
authors: Iureva
authors: Alexander A
authors: AA
authors: Ostanin
authors: Elena R
authors: ER
authors: Chernykh
authors: Isay M
authors: IM
authors: Mikhalevich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000069579:Ranibizumab