title: High expression of long non-coding RNA lncRNA-ATB is correlated with metastases and promotes cell migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression pattern of a novel long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β, long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β, in renal cell carcinoma tissues among the patients with various clinicopathologic features and to detect the possible role of dysregulated long non-coding RNA-ATB in renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β in the renal cell carcinoma tissues and renal cancer cell lines was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. The effects of long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β on the renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were investigated by the loss-of-function approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β was higher in the renal cell carcinoma tissues and renal cancer cells than in the adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal human proximal tubule epithelial cells HK-2. In addition, the long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β expression was significantly higher in the renal cell carcinoma patients with metastasis. The elevated expression of long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β was associated with tumor stages, histological grade, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Notably, we found that long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β knockdown could (i) inhibit cell proliferation; (ii) trigger apoptosis; (iii) reduce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program; (iv) suppress cell migration and invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data have shown that long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β actively functions as a regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during renal cell carcinoma metastasis, which suggests that long non-coding ribonucleic acid activated by transforming growth factor β may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma.
authors: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Xiong
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Administration, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Zeng
authors: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing tangwei2060@163.com.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: EMT; lncRNA-ATB; long non-coding RNAs; prognosis; renal cell carcinoma