title: Effects of acute aerobic exercise on leukocyte inflammatory gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a persistent systemic inflammation. Exercise induced inflammatory response in SLE remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of acuteexercise on leukocyte gene expression in active (SLEACTIVE) and inactive SLE (SLEINACTIVE) patients and healthy controls(HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects (n = 4 per group) performed a 30-min single bout of acute aerobic exercise (~70% of VO2peak) on a treadmill, and blood samples were collected for RNA extraction from circulating leukocyte at baseline, at the end of exercise, and after three hours of recovery. The expression of a panel of immune-related genes was evaluated by a quantitative PCR array assay. Moreover, network-based analyses were performed to interpret transcriptional changes occurring after the exercise challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all groups, a single bout of acute exercise led to the down-regulation of the gene expression of innate and adaptive immunity at the end of exercise (e.g., TLR3, IFNG, GATA3, FOXP3, STAT4) with a subsequent up-regulation occurring upon recovery. Exercise regulated the expression of inflammatory genes in the blood leukocytes of the SLE patients and HC, although the SLE groups exhibited fewer modulated genes and less densely connected networks (number of nodes: 29, 40 and 58; number of edges: 29, 60 and 195; network density: 0.07, 0.08 and 0.12, for SLEACTIVE, SLEINACTIVE and HC, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The leukocytes from the SLE patients, irrespective of disease activity, showed a down-regulated inflammatory geneexpression immediately after acute aerobic exercise, followed by an up-regulation at recovery. Furthermore, less organized gene networks were observed in the SLE patients, suggesting that they may be deficient in triggering a normal exercised-induced immune transcriptional response.
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Perandini
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Sales-de-Oliveira
authors: Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Almeida
authors: Laboratory of Pediatric Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Azevedo
authors: Laboratory of Pediatric Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Moreira-Filho
authors: Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Cenedeze
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: F B
authors: FB
authors: Benatti
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: F R
authors: FR
authors: Lima
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Borba
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bonfa
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Sa-Pinto
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Roschel
authors: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: N O S
authors: NO
authors: Camara
authors: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Gualano
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
keywords: autoimmunity; exercise immunology; gene array; hubs; inflammation; network analysis; physical activity