title: Effect of experimental coronary sinus ligation on myocardial structure and function in the presence or absence of structural heart disease: an insight for the interventional electrophysiologist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of coronary sinus (CS) occlusion on normal hearts and hearts with structural disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 32 dogs, divided into 4 groups: (1) CS ligation (CSL): subjected to CSL; (2) control group: no intervention; (3) MI-CSL group: subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) induction followed by CSL after 1 week; and (4) MI-control group: subjected to MI induction, then open thoracotomy after 1 week without CSL. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were done before and after CSL. In CSL group, there were no significant electrocardiographic or echocardiographic changes after CSL, although there was interstitial oedema that decreased after 1 week with the appearance of Thebesian vessels and positive staining for vascular endothelial growth factor. In MI-CSL group, there was significant increase in left ventricular (LV) end-systolic diameter (P = 02), decrease in LV fractional shortening (P = 0.0001), and LV ejection fraction (P = 0.002) in comparison with MI-control group, associated with severe myocardial degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute CS occlusion could be compensated in normal hearts, but may be detrimental in the presence of structural heart disease.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt osama.diab.eg@gmail.com.
authors: Osama Ali
authors: OA
authors: Diab
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Mohammed Said
authors: MS
authors: Amer
authors: Department of Anatomy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Rania Ahmed
authors: RA
authors: Salah El-Din
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Coronary sinus; Coronary sinus occlusion; Thebesian vessels