title: Biofuel Production Based on Carbohydrates from Both Brown and Red Macroalgae: Recent Developments in Key Biotechnologies.
abstract: Marine macroalgae (green, red and brown macroalgae) have attracted attention as an alternative source of renewable biomass for producing both fuels and chemicals due to their high content of suitable carbohydrates and to their advantages over terrestrial biomass. However, except for green macroalgae, which contain relatively easily-fermentable glucans as their major carbohydrates, practical utilization of red and brown macroalgae has been regarded as difficult due to the major carbohydrates (alginate and mannitol of brown macroalgae and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose of red macroalgae) not being easily fermentable. Recently, several key biotechnologies using microbes have been developed enabling utilization of these brown and red macroalgal carbohydrates as carbon sources for the production of fuels (ethanol). In this review, we focus on these recent developments with emphasis on microbiological biotechnologies.
authors: Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. kawais@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Shigeyuki
authors: S
authors: Kawai
authors: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Life Science, Setsunan University, Osaka 572-8508, Japan. k-murata@lif.setsunan.ac.jp.
authors: Kousaku
authors: K
authors: Murata
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D012624:Seaweed / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose; Escherichia coli; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sphingomonas sp. A1; Vibrio sp.; agarose; alginate; ethanol; macroalgae; mannitol