title: Proteomic changes induced by potassium deficiency and potassium substitution by sodium in sugar beet.
abstract: In this study, sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) were grown at different K(+)/Na(+) concentrations: mmol/L, 3/0 (control); 0.03/2.97 (K-Na replacement group; T(rep)); 0.03/0 (K deficiency group; T(def)) in order to investigate the effects of K(+) deficiency and replacement of K(+) by Na(+) on plant proteomics, and to explore the physiological processes influenced by Na(+) to compensate for a lack of K(+). After 22 days, fresh and dry weight as well as the Na(+) and K(+) concentration were measured and changes in proteomics were tested by 2D gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, Na(+) showed stimulation in growth of seedlings and hindrance of K(+) assimilation in T(rep). Significant changes were also observed in 27 protein spots among the treatments. These are proteins involved in photosynthesis, cellular respiration, protein folding and degradation, stress and defense, other metabolisms, transcription related, and protein synthesis. A wide range of physiological processes, including light reaction, CO2 assimilation, glycolysis, and tricaboxylic acid cycle, was impaired owing to K(+) starvation. Compensating for the effect of K(+) starvation, an increase in photosynthesis was also observed in T(rep). However, we also found a limitation of cellular respiration by Na(+). Na(+) is therefore in some ways able to recover damage due to K deficiency at protein level, but cannot functionally replace K as an essential nutrient.
authors: Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Room 410 Nongxue Building, Xuefu Road NO. 74, Nangang District, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Pi
authors: DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.
authors: Piergiorgio
authors: P
authors: Stevanato
authors: Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Room 410 Nongxue Building, Xuefu Road NO. 74, Nangang District, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Sun
authors: Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Room 410 Nongxue Building, Xuefu Road NO. 74, Nangang District, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Room 410 Nongxue Building, Xuefu Road NO. 74, Nangang District, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors: Xuewei
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Room 410 Nongxue Building, Xuefu Road NO. 74, Nangang District, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors: Huijie
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Room 410 Nongxue Building, Xuefu Road NO. 74, Nangang District, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China. genggui01@163.com.|Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Sugar Beet, Harbin, 150080, China. genggui01@163.com.
authors: Gui
authors: G
authors: Geng
authors: Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Room 410 Nongxue Building, Xuefu Road NO. 74, Nangang District, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China. 32307812@qq.com.|Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Sugar Beet, Harbin, 150080, China. 32307812@qq.com.
authors: Lihua
authors: L
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D007477:Ions; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040901:Proteomics; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: K deficiency; K–Na replacement; Sugar beet; Two-dimensional electrophoresis