title: [Options and limitations of heart rate measurement and analysis of heart rate variability by mobile devices: A systematic review].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been established in the last few years as a non-invasive method for recording the demands on the cardiovascular system. The development enables us today to measure the interbeat intervals with different technologies for calculating HR and HRV.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on a systematic literature search in PubMed for validity of different measurement techniques and their pros and cons for the measurement of HR and the analysis of HRV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurement equipment for recording of interbeat intervals should have a high storage capacity and a sampling rate of 1000 Hz ideally. The quality criteria of freedom of feedback (small, little disruptive), robustness and a non-invasive measurement (e. g. freeze-electrodes or sensors) have to be fulfilled. In addition to the Holter ECG, several portable heart rate watch and chest belt systems provide adequate validity and good applicability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Holter ECG is still the gold standard for the measurement of NN intervals and for the analysis of HRV. Modern heart rate watches show a good correlation with the conformance of freedom from discomfort, robustness and non-invasive measurement and are a good alternative due to the lower disturbance of test persons.
authors: Kommando Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr, Sachgebiet Gesundheitsförderung, Sportmedizin, Ernährungsmedizin, VI 1.3, Von-Kuhl-Straße 50, 56070, Koblenz, Deutschland. drsammito@web.de.|Bereich Arbeitsmedizin der Medizinischen Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland. drsammito@web.de.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Sammito
authors: Bereich Arbeitsmedizin der Medizinischen Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Böckelmann
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D000070276:Heart Rate Determination / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical
keywords: Autonomic nervous system; Heart rate variability; Holter ECG; Inquiry; Pulse watch