title: New Strategies in Breast Cancer: Immunotherapy.
abstract: More than 70% of breast cancers contain lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma, and preclinical studies suggest that immunoediting and partial control of cancer progression by the local immune microenvironment operate in most breast cancers. Consistent with this hypothesis, a large number of studies demonstrated a favorable prognostic and chemotherapy response predictive role for immune infiltration in breast cancer. The evidence is particularly strong for triple-negative and HER2-positive cancers. The development of clinically effective immune checkpoint inhibitors now provides an opportunity to test the therapeutic potential of augmenting the local antitumor immune response. Several phase I clinical trials using single-agent anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies demonstrated objective tumor response rates, with remarkably durable responses, in heavily pretreated, metastatic, triple-negative cancers and somewhat lower responses in estrogen receptor-positive cancers. Currently, close to 50 ongoing, or soon to open, clinical trials evaluate the role of this new treatment modality in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2105-10. ©2016 AACR.
authors: Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. lajos.pusztai@yale.edu.
authors: Lajos
authors: L
authors: Pusztai
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Karn
authors: Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Anton
authors: A
authors: Safonov
authors: Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Maysa M
authors: MM
authors: Abu-Khalaf
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors: Giampaolo
authors: G
authors: Bianchini
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases