title: Photobiomodulation regulates cytokine release and new blood vessel formation during oral wound healing in rats.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cytokine levels and angiogenesis during oral wound healing. Ulcers were made on the dorsum of the tongue in 48 Wistar rats. Irradiation with an indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) laser (660 nm; output power, 40 mW; spot size, 0.04 cm(2)) was performed once a day on two points of the ulcer for 14 days. Two different energy densities were used: 4 J/cm(2) (energy per point 0.16 J, total energy 0.32 J) and 20 J/cm(2) (energy per point 0.8 J, total energy 1.6 J). Tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Image analysis of CD31-immunostained sections was used to investigate microvessel density (MVD). PBM increased the tissue levels of IL-1β at the early stage of oral wound healing (p < 0.01) and increased the tissue levels of TNF-α during all stages of oral wound healing (p < 0.05). PBM at a dose of 4 J/cm(2) produced more significant results regarding cytokine modulation and was associated with higher MVD at day 5. Collectively, these findings indicate that cytokine modulation and increased angiogenesis are among the basic mechanisms whereby PBM improves oral wound repair.
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Vivian Petersen
authors: VP
authors: Wagner
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Curra
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Liana Preto
authors: LP
authors: Webber
authors: Cancer Research Laboratory, University Hospital Research Center (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Nör
authors: Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Matte
authors: Department of Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Luise
authors: L
authors: Meurer
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. manomartins@gmail.com.
authors: Manoela Domingues
authors: MD
authors: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000528:radiation effects; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014059:Tongue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokines; Diode laser; Low-level laser; Neovascularization; Wound healing