title: Oral fluid cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations following controlled intravenous cocaine administration.
abstract: Limited oral fluid (OF) pharmacokinetic data collected with commercially available collection devices after controlled cocaine administration hinder OF result interpretations. Ten cocaine-using adults provided OF, collected with Oral-Eze(®) (OE) and StatSure Saliva Sampler™ (SS) devices, an hour prior to and up to 69 h after 25mg intravenous (IV) cocaine administration. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BE) were quantified by a validated 2D-GC-MS method. Large inter-subject variability was observed. Cocaine was detected in OF in the first 0.17 h sample after IV administration, with much more rapid elimination than BE. OE observed Cmax median (range) concentrations were 932 (394-1574)μg/L for cocaine and 248 (96.9-953)μg/L for BE. SS observed cocaine and BE Cmax median (range) concentrations trended lower at 732 (83.3-1892)μg/L and 360 (77.2-836)μg/L, respectively. OE and SS cocaine OF detection times were 12.5 and 6.5h and for BE 30.5 and 28.0 h, respectively at 1 μg/L. There were no significant pharmacokinetic differences between OE and SS OF collection devices, except cocaine half-life was significantly shorter in SS OF specimens. This difference could be attributed to differences in stabilizing buffers present in OF collection devices, which may affect cocaine stability in OF specimens, or decreased recovery from collection pads. Both OE and SS OF collection devices were effective in monitoring cocaine and metabolite concentrations with similar detection windows. Furthermore, we demonstrated that different confirmatory OF cutoffs can be selected to produce shorter or longer cocaine and metabolite detection windows to address specific needs of clinical and forensic drug testing programs.
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Kayla N
authors: KN
authors: Ellefsen
authors: Currently at Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Concheiro
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Sandrine
authors: S
authors: Pirard
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Gorelick
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: mhuestis@intra.nida.nih.gov.
authors: Marilyn A
authors: MA
authors: Huestis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Benzoylecgonine; Cocaine; Oral Fluid; Oral-Eze(®); Pharmacokinetics; StatSure Saliva Sampler™