title: Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer: Make Them on Site or Have Them Delivered.
abstract: Brisk fatty acid (FA) production by cancer cells is accommodated by the Warburg effect. Most breast and other cancer cell types are addicted to fatty acids (FA), which they require for membrane phospholipid synthesis, signaling purposes, and energy production. Expression of the enzymes required for FA synthesis is closely linked to each of the major classes of signaling molecules that stimulate BC cell proliferation. This review focuses on the regulation of FA synthesis in BC cells, and the impact of FA, or the lack thereof, on the tumor cell phenotype. Given growing awareness of the impact of dietary fat and obesity on BC biology, we will also examine the less-frequently considered notion that, in addition to de novo FA synthesis, the lipolytic uptake of preformed FA may also be an important mechanism of lipid acquisition. Indeed, it appears that cancer cells may exist at different points along a "lipogenic-lipolytic axis," and FA uptake could thwart attempts to exploit the strict requirement for FA focused solely on inhibition of de novo FA synthesis. Strategies for clinically targeting FA metabolism will be discussed, and the current status of the medicinal chemistry in this area will be assessed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2128-2141, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors: William B
authors: WB
authors: Kinlaw
authors: Department of Chemistry, Keene State University, Keene, New Hampshire.
authors: Paul W
authors: PW
authors: Baures
authors: The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.|Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors: Leslie E
authors: LE
authors: Lupien
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors: Wilson L
authors: WL
authors: Davis
authors: The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.|Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, White River Junction VAMC, White River Junction, Vermont.
authors: Nancy B
authors: NB
authors: Kuemmerle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases