title: Availability and toxicity of cadmium to forage grasses grown in contaminated soil.
abstract: It is important to know the mechanisms for forage development, especially those related to the tolerance of potentially toxic elements, when considering their use in phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated areas. In this study, we evaluated plant growth, concentration, and the availability of cadmium (Cd) for forage grasses (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana and cv. Tanzânia; Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and cv. Marandu) cultivated in Cd contaminated soils. The experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions over a 90-day evaluation period, and the Cd rates were 2, 4, and 12 mg/kg of soil. The relative growth rate of the forage grasses decreased as Cd rates increased, and the following descending order of susceptibility was observed: Marandu > Xaraés > Aruana > Tanzânia > Basilisk, with regard to phytotoxicity in these plants. The forage Cd concentration increased in line with increases in the Cd rates. Cd contents extracted by Mehlich-1 and by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid presented high positive correlation with forage relative growth. The forage plants did not block Cd entry into the food chain because they were not capable of limiting Cd absorption.
authors: a UFVJM, Campus JK , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Enilson B
authors: EB
authors: Silva
authors: a UFVJM, Campus JK , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Felipe G
authors: FG
authors: Fonseca
authors: b ESALQ, USP , Piracicaba , São Paulo, SP , Brazil.
authors: Luís R F
authors: LR
authors: Alleoni
authors: a UFVJM, Campus JK , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Sandra S
authors: SS
authors: Nascimento
authors: a UFVJM, Campus JK , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Paulo H
authors: PH
authors: Grazziotti
authors: a UFVJM, Campus JK , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Bárbara O
authors: BO
authors: Nardis
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D035201:Brachiaria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008897:Panicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Brachiaria; DTPA; Panicum, Mehlich-1; heavy metal; total extraction