title: Association of the Metabolic Syndrome with Antioxidant Defense and Outstanding Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Mexican Subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) has been proposed as a factor related with the genesis of MetS. Different studies have reported decreased antioxidant defense, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and, on the other hand, an increase in nitrotyrosine concentration in MetS patients. However, it is not known whether there is a direct association of antioxidant defense with MetS in a Mexican population. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between antioxidant defense and MetS in Mexican subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were Mexican mestizos, who were anthropometrically, biochemically, and clinically characterized. MetS was diagnosed by National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III)-modified criteria. Antioxidant defense was determined by activity of SOD, GPx, GRed, and GSH concentrations; as a marker of OS, nitrotyrosine concentration was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 376 subjects, among whom 152 subjects had MetS and 224 were assigned to the non-MetS group. Statistical association was found between MetS and SOD activity (Odds ratio: 167.1; P < 0.01; adjusted by age, gender, and waist circumference). It is noteworthy that a significant correlation between antioxidant defense (SOD and GPx activities, and GSH) and different MetS components was found and between MetS and nitrotyrosine concentration (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that SOD activity is associated with MetS in Mexican subjects, allowing us to suggest that this enzyme plays an important role in the pathophysiology of MetS.
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: Blanca G
authors: BG
authors: Baez-Duarte
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: Irma
authors: I
authors: Zamora-Ginez
authors: 2 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: Karina Luna
authors: KL
authors: De Jésus
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Torres-Rasgado
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: M Elba
authors: ME
authors: González-Mejía
authors: 3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Porchia
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: Guadalupe
authors: G
authors: Ruiz-Vivanco
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) , Puebla, Mexico .|3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) , Puebla, Mexico .
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Pérez-Fuentes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione