title: Three-dimensional digital cast analysis of the effects produced by a passive self-ligating system.
abstract: To evaluate maxillary and mandibular dental arch changes induced by a passive self-ligating system by analysing digital dental casts.
  
  
  
  A sample of 25 growing patients (16 females and 9 males, mean age 12.8 years) treated with passive self-ligating brackets was compared to a sample of 25 untreated controls (15 females and 10 males, mean age 13.4 years). Sixty three-dimensional points were digitised on the maxillary and mandibular pre- and post-treatment virtual models to evaluate differences in the transverse and antero-posterior arch dimensions and in the torque values of representative anterior and posterior teeth. Statistical comparisons were performed with independent sample t-tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.
  
  
  
  The greatest increments in arch widths were found at the maxillary and mandibular premolar level (ranging from 2.0 to 2.2mm) and they were associated with significant increases in maxillary and mandibular arch perimeters (2.3 and 2.5mm, respectively), and in buccal crown torque of the upper premolars (with adequate torque control of all other teeth).
  
  
  
  The passive self-ligating system produced a modest but statistically significant widening of both maxillary and mandibular dental arches that were associated with significant net gains in maxillary and mandibular arch perimeters.
authors: Graduate Orthodontic Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Private Practice, Huntersville, NC, USA.
authors: Megan B
authors: MB
authors: Lineberger
authors: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Orthodontics, The University of Florence, Italy.|Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Franchi
authors: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Lucia H S
authors: LH
authors: Cevidanes
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universitá' degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors: Luis T
authors: LT
authors: Huanca Ghislanzoni
authors: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, mcnamara@umich.edu.|Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Private Practice, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: McNamara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D003765:Models, Dental; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000473:pathology