title: Cationic gadolinium chelate for magnetic resonance imaging of cartilaginous defects.
abstract: The ability to detect meniscus defects by magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) can be highly variable. To improve the delineation of fine tears, we synthesized a cationic gadolinium complex, (Gd-DOTA-AM4 )(2+) , that can electrostatically interact with Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The complex has a longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of 4.2 mM(-1) s(-1) and is highly stable in serum. Its efficacy in highlighting soft tissue tears was evaluated in comparison to a clinically employed contrast agent (Magnevist) using explants obtained from adult bovine menisci. In all cases, Gd-DOTA-AM4 appeared to improve the ability to detect the soft tissue defect by providing increased signal intensity along the length of the tear. Magnevist shows a strong signal near the liquid-meniscus interface, but much less contrast is observed within the defect at greater depths. This provides initial evidence that cationic contrast agents can be used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Kido
authors: K
authors: Nwe
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Ching-Hui
authors: CH
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Feini
authors: F
authors: Qu
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Warden-Rothman
authors: Department of Radiology, Coatesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, PA, USA.
authors: Clare Y
authors: CY
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Mauck
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Tsourkas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000293:injuries*; D002412:Cations; D002417:Cattle; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D005682:Gadolinium; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D002614:Chelating Agents; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C050823:gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: DOTA; MRA; cationic; chelate; gadolinium; imaging; magenevist; magnetic resonance arthrography