title: Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation After Posterolateral Myocardial Infarction in Sheep Alters Left Ventricular Shear but Not Normal Strain in the Infarct and Infarct Borderzone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (CIMR) is associated with poor outcome. Left ventricular (LV) strain after posterolateral myocardial infarction (MI) may drive LV remodeling. Although moderate CIMR has been previously shown to affect LV remodeling, the effect of CIMR on LV strain after posterolateral MI remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that moderate CIMR alters LV strain after posterolateral MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Posterolateral MI was created in 10 sheep. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with tags was performed 2 weeks before and 2, 8, and 16 weeks after MI. The left and right ventricular volumes were measured, and regurgitant volume indexed to body surface area (regurgitant volume index) was calculated as the difference between left ventricle and right ventricle stroke volumes divided by body surface area. Three-dimensional strain was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circumferential strain (Ecc) and longitudinal strain (Ell) were reduced in the infarct proper, MI borderzone, and remote myocardium 16 weeks after MI. In addition, radial circumferential (Erc) and radial longitudinal (Erl) shear strains were reduced in remote myocardium but increased in the infarct and borderzone 16 weeks after MI. Of all strain components, however, only Erc was affected by regurgitant volume index (p = 0.0005). There was no statistically significant effect of regurgitant volume index on Ecc, Ell, Erl, or circumferential longitudinal shear strain (Ecl).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate CIMR alters radial circumferential shear strain after posterolateral MI in sheep. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of shear strain on myocyte hypertrophy and the effect of mitral repair on myocardial strain.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Ge
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Yife
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Mehrdad
authors: M
authors: Soleimani
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Khazalpour
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Kiyoaki
authors: K
authors: Takaba
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Mehrzad
authors: M
authors: Tartibi
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Zhihong
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Acevedo-Bolton
authors: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Saloner
authors: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Arthur W
authors: AW
authors: Wallace
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Rakesh
authors: R
authors: Mishra
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Eugene A
authors: EA
authors: Grossi
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Julius M
authors: JM
authors: Guccione
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: mark.ratcliffe@va.gov.
authors: Mark B
authors: MB
authors: Ratcliffe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012756:Sheep; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left