title: Development of an Asian American parental racial-ethnic socialization scale.
abstract: To develop a measure of parental racial-ethnic socialization that is appropriate for Asian American families.
  
  
  
  To test the reliability and validity of this new measure, we surveyed 575 Asian American emerging adults (49% female, 79% U.S. born).
  
  
  
  Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the results show 7 reliable subscales: maintenance of heritage culture, becoming American, awareness of discrimination, avoidance of other groups, minimization of race, promotion of equality, and cultural pluralism. Tests of factorial invariance show that overall, the subscales demonstrate, at minimum, partial metric invariance across gender, age, nativity, educational attainment, parent educational attainment, geographic region of residence, and Asian-heritage region. Thus, the relations among the subscales with other variables can be compared across these different subgroups. The subscales also correlated with ethnic identity, ethnic centrality, perceptions of discrimination, and pluralistic orientation, demonstrating construct validity.
  
  
  
  In an increasingly complex and diverse social world, our scale will be useful for gaining a better understanding of how Asian American parents socialize their children regarding issues of race, discrimination, culture, and diversity. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors: Inclusive Education Group, College of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam.
authors: Linda P
authors: LP
authors: Juang
authors: Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin.
authors: Yishan
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin.
authors: Su Yeong
authors: SY
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Psychology, Fordham University.
authors: Yijie
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D044469:Racial Groups; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012933:Social Identification; D012951:Socialization; D055815:Young Adult