title: Dialectal and gender differences in nasalance for a Mandarin population.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are dialectal and gender related differences in nasalance of main Mandarin vowels and three sentences in 400 Chinese normal adults. The mean nasalance score difference for dialect and gender was significant (p < .001) in all speech materials. For different dialects, the average nasalance scores show that Chongqing > Beijing > Shanghai > Guangzhou for the nasal sentence, oro-nasal sentence, /a/, /i/ and /u/. In addition, the average nasalance scores of females were higher than those of males for all speech materials in all dialects. The clinical significance of this study can be helpful in making nasalance clinical decisions for Chinese people with cleft palate, hearing disorders and dysarthria with resonance disorders. It also shows the theoretical and socio-cultural features for linguists considering dialects and gender.
authors: a The Key Laboratory of Speech & Hearing Sciences, East China Normal University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , China.|b Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China.
authors: Ha-Kyung
authors: HK
authors: Kim
authors: c Department of Teacher Education , Kunming University , Kunming , China.
authors: Xiao-meng
authors: XM
authors: Yu
authors: d Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changsha Social Work College , Changsha , China.
authors: Yan-jing
authors: YJ
authors: Cao
authors: e College of Special Education, Beijing Union University , Beijing , China.
authors: Xiao-ming
authors: XM
authors: Liu
authors: a The Key Laboratory of Speech & Hearing Sciences, East China Normal University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , China.|b Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China.
authors: Zhao-Ming
authors: ZM
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chinese; Mandarin; dialects; gender; nasalance