title: Migraine is related to an increased risk of Parkinson's disease: A population-based, propensity score-matched, longitudinal follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between migraine and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. The purpose of the present population-based, propensity score-matched follow-up study was to investigate whether migraineurs are at a higher risk of developing PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 41,019 subjects aged between 40 and 90 years with at least two ambulatory visits with a diagnosis of migraine in 2001 were enrolled in the migraine group. A logistic regression model that included age, sex, pre-existing comorbidities and socioeconomic status as covariates was used to compute the propensity score. The non-migraine group consisted of 41,019 propensity score-matched, randomly sampled subjects without migraine. The PD-free survival rate were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Stratified Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the effect of migraine on the risk of developing PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 148 subjects in the migraine group and 101 in the non-migraine group developed PD. Compared to the non-migraine group, the hazard ratio of PD for the migraine group was 1.64 (95% confidence interval: 1.25-2.14, p = 0.0004). The PD-free survival rate for the migraine group was significantly lower than that for the non-migraine group (p = 0.0041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed an increased risk of developing PD in patients with migraine.
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Hsin-I
authors: HI
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Chun
authors: YC
authors: Ho
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.
authors: Ya-Ping
authors: YP
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan panslcb@gmail.com.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Shin-Liang
authors: SL
authors: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D057216:Propensity Score; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Migraine; Parkinson’s disease; propensity score; risk factors