title: Validity and reliability of the French translation of the VISA-A questionnaire for Achilles tendinopathy.
abstract: The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment - Achilles tendinopathy questionnaire (VISA-A) evaluates the clinical severity of Achilles tendinopathy. The aim of this study was to translate the VISA-A into French and to study the reliability and validity of this French version, the VISA-AF.
  
  
  
  The VISA-A was translated into French to produce the VISA-AF using a validated methodology in six steps. Thereafter, several psychometric properties of this French version such as test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity and floor and ceiling effects were evaluated. Therefore, we recruited 116 subjects, distributed into 3 groups: pathological patients (n = 31), at-risk athletes (n = 63) and healthy people (n = 22).
  
  
  
  The final version of the VISA-AF was approved by an expert committee. On a scale ranging from 0 to 100, the average scores of the VISA-AF obtained were 59 (± 18) for the pathological group, 99 (± 1) for the healthy group and 94 (± 7) for the at-risk group. The VISA-AF shows excellent reliability, low correlations with the discriminant subscales of the SF-36 and moderate correlations with the convergent subscales of the SF-36.
  
  
  
  The French version of the VISA-A is equivalent to its original version and is a reliable and valid questionnaire for French-speaking patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Implication for Rehabilitation The VISA-AF questionnaire is a reliable translation of the original VISA-A, from English into French, which is one of the most widespread languages in the world. The VISA-AF questionnaire is now a valid instrument that can be used by clinicians and researchers to assess the severity of pain and disability of French-speaking subjects with Achilles tendinopathy. The VISA-AF is a questionnaire to assess the severity of Achilles tendinopathy symptoms but is not a diagnostic tool.
authors: a Department of Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium ;
authors: Jean-François
authors: JF
authors: Kaux
authors: b Physiotherapy Service, Department of Motility Sciences , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium ;
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Delvaux
authors: b Physiotherapy Service, Department of Motility Sciences , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium ;
authors: Julian
authors: J
authors: Oppong-Kyei
authors: c Department of Public Health, Biostatistics , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium ;
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Dardenne
authors: d Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Beaudart
authors: d Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
authors: Fanny
authors: F
authors: Buckinx
authors: b Physiotherapy Service, Department of Motility Sciences , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium ;
authors: Jean-Louis
authors: JL
authors: Croisier
authors: b Physiotherapy Service, Department of Motility Sciences , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium ;
authors: Bénédicte
authors: B
authors: Forthomme
authors: a Department of Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium ;
authors: Jean-Michel
authors: JM
authors: Crielaard
authors: d Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Bruyère
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Achilles tendinopathy; French; VISA-A; cross-cultural adaptation