title: Two distinct myosin II populations coordinate ovulatory contraction of the myoepithelial sheath in the Caenorhabditis elegans somatic gonad.
abstract: The myoepithelial sheath in the somatic gonad of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has nonstriated contractile actomyosin networks that produce highly coordinated contractility for ovulation of mature oocytes. Two myosin heavy chains are expressed in the myoepithelial sheath, which are also expressed in the body-wall striated muscle. The troponin/tropomyosin system is also present and essential for ovulation. Therefore, although the myoepithelial sheath has smooth muscle-like contractile apparatuses, it has a striated muscle-like regulatory mechanism through troponin/tropomyosin. Here we report that the myoepithelial sheath has a distinct myosin population containing nonmuscle myosin II isoforms, which is regulated by phosphorylation and essential for ovulation. MLC-4, a nonmuscle myosin regulatory light chain, localizes to small punctate structures and does not colocalize with large, needle-like myosin filaments containing MYO-3, a striated-muscle myosin isoform. RNA interference of MLC-4, as well as of its upstream regulators, LET-502 (Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase) and MEL-11 (a myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase), impairs ovulation. Expression of a phosphomimetic MLC-4 mutant mimicking a constitutively active state also impairs ovulation. A striated-muscle myosin (UNC-54) appears to provide partially compensatory contractility. Thus the results indicate that the two spatially distinct myosin II populations coordinately regulate ovulatory contraction of the myoepithelial sheath.
authors: Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors: Kanako
authors: K
authors: Ono
authors: Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 sono@emory.edu.
authors: Shoichiro
authors: S
authors: Ono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006066:Gonads / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000502:physiology*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000378:metabolism*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C000613395:MLC-4 protein, C elegans; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; C515856:LET-502 protein, C elegans; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases