title: Use of a new intra-ocular spectral domain optical coherence tomography in vitreoretinal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of a novel intra-ocular side-scanning probe enabling the acquisition of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images during surgery in a series of patients with complex forms of retinal detachment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-gauge, side-scanning SD-OCT probe (C7 System; LightLab Imaging, Inc/St Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) in a 20-gauge catheter, was used to acquire the intra-operative OCT images in seven patients with vitreoretinal diseases. Twenty-five gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed in every patient in a standard fashion. After enlarging the temporal sclerotomy to a 20-gauge port, all the patients were scanned with intra-ocular side-scanning SD-OCT, during different steps of the surgery based on surgeon needs. Scans were recorded real time and directly evaluated on a screen during surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were judged beneficial when they would recognize structures otherwise not seen on biomicroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-ocular SD-OCT has been helpful in acquiring extra information during vitreoretinal surgery such as the detection of the presence of otherwise invisible membranes (epiretinal membrane, subretinal membrane), the location of small tears and the identification of the retinal plane under suboptimal conditions for visualization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of an intra-ocular SD-OCT can expand upon visual cues during surgery, helping in the decision-making process and allowing additional deliberate surgical manoeuvres aimed at improving surgical outcomes.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Mura
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors: Danilo
authors: D
authors: Iannetta
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Nasini
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Barca
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Peiretti
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Leonore
authors: L
authors: Engelbrecht
authors: MIOS sa, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Marc D
authors: MD
authors: de Smet
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Laser Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Verbraak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D057586:Vitreoretinal Surgery; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: image-guided surgery; intraoperative optical coherence tomography; optical coherence tomography; retinal detachment; retinal surgery; vitrectomy vitreoretinal disease