title: Compliance with Sport Injury Prevention Interventions in Randomised Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sport injury prevention studies vary in the way compliance with an intervention is defined, measured and adjusted for.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this systematic review was to assess the extent to which sport injury prevention randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have defined, measured and adjusted results for compliance with an injury prevention intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE, PubMed, the Cochrane Center of Controlled Trials, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) and SPORTDiscus. English RCTs, quasi-RCTs and cluster-RCTs were considered eligible. Trials that involved physically active individuals or examined the effects of an intervention aimed at the prevention of sport- or physical activity-related injuries were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total of 100 studies included, 71.6 % mentioned compliance or a related term, 68.8 % provided details on compliance measurement and 51.4 % provided compliance data. Only 19.3 % analysed the effect of compliance rates on study outcomes. While studies used heterogeneous methods, pooled effects could not be presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies that account for compliance demonstrated that compliance significant affects study outcomes. The way compliance is dealt with in preventions studies is subject to a large degree of heterogeneity. Valid and reliable tools to measure and report compliance are needed and should be matched to a uniform definition of compliance.
authors: Department of Public & Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, IOC Research Center, AMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: van Reijen
authors: Department of Public & Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, IOC Research Center, AMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Consumer Safety Institute VeiligheidNL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Vriend
authors: Department of Public & Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, IOC Research Center, AMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.|UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Willem
authors: W
authors: van Mechelen
authors: Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.
authors: Caroline F
authors: CF
authors: Finch
authors: Department of Public & Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.verhagen@vumc.nl.|Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, IOC Research Center, AMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.verhagen@vumc.nl.|School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. e.verhagen@vumc.nl.|UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. e.verhagen@vumc.nl.
authors: Evert A
authors: EA
authors: Verhagen
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012660:Semantics