title: Type VII Secretion Systems in Gram-Positive Bacteria.
abstract: Bacterial secretion systems are sophisticated molecular machines that fulfil a wide range of important functions, which reach from export/secretion of essential proteins or virulence factors to the implication in conjugation processes. In contrast to the widely distributed Sec and Twin Arginine Translocation (TAT) systems, the recently identified ESX/type VII systems show a more restricted distribution and are typical for mycobacteria and other high-GC Actinobacteria. Similarly, type VII-like secretion systems have been described in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. While the most complex organization of type VII secretion systems currently known is found in slow-growing mycobacteria, which harbour up to 5 chromosomal-encoded systems (ESX-1 to ESX-5), much simpler organization is reported for type VII-like systems in Firmicutes. In this chapter, we describe common and divergent features of type VII- and type VII-like secretion pathways and also comment on their biological key roles, many of which are related to species-/genus-specific host-pathogen interactions and/or virulence mechanisms.
authors: Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Daria
authors: D
authors: Bottai
authors: Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris, France.|Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Matthias I
authors: MI
authors: Gröschel
authors: Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris, France. roland.brosch@pasteur.fr.
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Brosch
mesh_terms: D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005810:Multigene Family; D000069377:Type VII Secretion Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000069377:Type VII Secretion Systems