title: A Therapeutic Insight of Niacin and Coenzyme Q10 Against Diabetic Encephalopathy in Rats.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin inactivity or insufficiency with increasing risk of developing specific complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), niacin, as well as their combination in ameliorating brain disorders associated with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Glibenclamide, a reference diabetic drug, and donepezil, an acetylcholine inhibitor drug, were also evaluated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight (b.wt)). One-month diabetic rats were treated with the selected drugs daily for another two consecutive weeks. The evaluation was done through the estimation of the levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, and oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH); neurotransmitters: acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and dopamine (DA); vasoconstrictor indices: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and angiotensin II (Ang II); and apoptosis markers: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-3 as well as the histopathological picture of the cerebellum region of the brain. The results revealed that the combination of niacin and CoQ10 improved most of the measured parameters with variable degrees. In conclusion, niacin and CoQ10 are promising dietary supplements in the management of diabetic encephalopathy.
authors: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Tarek K
authors: TK
authors: Motawi
authors: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Hebatallah A
authors: HA
authors: Darwish
authors: Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 60014618, Egypt. manal_hamed@yahoo.com.
authors: Manal A
authors: MA
authors: Hamed
authors: Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 60014618, Egypt.
authors: Nagy S
authors: NS
authors: El-Rigal
authors: Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 60014618, Egypt.
authors: Asmaa F Aboul
authors: AFA
authors: Naser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014451:Ubiquinone; D009525:Niacin; C024989:coenzyme Q10
keywords: Adhesion molecules; Apoptosis; Diabetic encephalopathy; Neurotransmitters; Oxidative stress