title: Nonaqueous, Mini-Dose Glucagon for Treatment of Mild Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Dose-Seeking Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate mini-dose glucagon in adults with type 1 diabetes using a stable, liquid, ready-to-use preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin pumps received subcutaneous doses of 75, 150, and 300 μg of nonaqueous glucagon. Plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were measured. At 180 min, subjects received insulin followed in ~60 min by a second identical dose of glucagon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (±SE) fasting glucose concentrations (mg/dL) were 110 ± 7, 110 ± 10, and 109 ± 9 for the 75-, 150-, and 300-μg doses, respectively, increasing maximally at 60 min by 33, 64, and 95 mg/dL (all P < 0.001). The post-insulin administration glucose concentrations were 70 ± 2, 74 ± 5, and 70 ± 2 mg/dL, respectively, with maximal increases of 19, 24, and 43 mg/dL post-glucagon administration (P < 0.02) at 45-60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous, nonaqueous, ready-to-use G-Pen Mini glucagon may provide an alternative to oral carbohydrates for the management of anticipated, impending, or mild hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes.
authors: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX mhaymond@bcm.edu.
authors: Morey W
authors: MW
authors: Haymond
authors: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors: Maria J
authors: MJ
authors: Redondo
authors: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors: Siripoom
authors: S
authors: McKay
authors: Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, TX.
authors: Martin J
authors: MJ
authors: Cummins
authors: Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, TX.
authors: Brett
authors: B
authors: Newswanger
authors: Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, TX.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Kinzell
authors: Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, TX.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Prestrelski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon