title: The acute effect of maximal exercise on central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices and hemodynamics in children and adults.
abstract: This study compared the effects of a bout of maximal running exercise on arterial stiffness in children and adults. Right carotid blood pressure and artery stiffness indices measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), compliance and distensibility coefficients, stiffness index α and β (echo-tracking), contralateral carotid blood pressure, and upper and lower limb and central/aortic PWV (applanation tonometry) were taken at rest and 10 min after a bout of maximal treadmill running in 34 children (7.38 ± 0.38 years) and 45 young adults (25.22 ± 0.91 years) having similar aerobic potential. Two-by-two repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used to detect differences with exercise between groups. Carotid pulse pressure (PP; η(2) = 0.394) increased more in adults after exercise (p < 0.05). Compliance (η(2) = 0.385) decreased in particular in adults and in those with high changes in distending pressure, similarly to stiffness index α and β. Carotid PWV increased more in adults and was related to local changes in PP but not mean arterial pressure (MAP). Stiffness in the lower limbs decreased (η(2) = 0.115) but apparently only in those with small MAP changes (η(2) = 0.111). No significant exercise or group interaction effects were found when variables were adjusted to height. An acute bout of maximal exercise can alter arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in the carotid artery and within the active muscle beds. Arterial stiffness and hemodynamic response to metabolic demands during exercise in children simply reflect their smaller body size and may not indicate a particular physiological difference compared with adults.
authors: a Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Melo
authors: b College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood Street, CMET 169, MC 518, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Fernhall
authors: a Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors: Diana A
authors: DA
authors: Santos
authors: a Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Pinto
authors: a Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal.|c Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior - Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, Health and Fitness, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
authors: Nuno M
authors: NM
authors: Pimenta
authors: a Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors: Luís B
authors: LB
authors: Sardinha
authors: a Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Santa-Clara
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D049628:Body Size; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003187:Compliance; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012420:Running; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: arterial compliance; compliance artérielle; distending pressure; height; pression de dilatation; pulse wave velocity; repos et récupération; rest and recovery; stature; vélocité de l’onde de pouls