title: Performance of wind-powered soil electroremediation process for the removal of 2,4-D from soil.
abstract: In this work, it is studied a wind-powered electrokinetic soil flushing process for the removal of pesticides from soil. This approach aims to develop an eco-friendly electrochemical soil treatment technique and to face the in-situ treatment of polluted soils at remote locations. Herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is selected as a model pollutant for the soil treatment tests. The performance of the wind-powered process throughout a 15 days experiment is compared to the same remediation process powered by a conventional DC power supply. The wind-powered test covered many different wind conditions (from calm to near gale), being performed 20.7% under calm conditions and 17% under moderate or gentle breeze. According to the results obtained, the wind-powered soil treatment is feasible, obtaining a 53.9% removal of 2,4-D after 15 days treatment. Nevertheless, the remediation is more efficient if it is fed by a constant electric input (conventional DC power supply), reaching a 90.2% removal of 2,4-D with a much lower amount of charge supplied (49.2 A h kg(-1) and 4.33 A h kg(-1) for wind-powered and conventional) within the same operation time.
authors: Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors: F L
authors: FL
authors: Souza
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain. Electronic address: javier.llanos@uclm.es.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Llanos
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sáez
authors: Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors: M R V
authors: MRV
authors: Lanza
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Rodrigo
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Cañizares
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
keywords: Pesticide; Renewable energy; Soil remediation; Wind turbine