title: A magnetic-based dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction method using the metal-organic framework HKUST-1 and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waters and fruit tea infusions.
abstract: A hybrid material composed by the metal-organic framework (MOF) HKUST-1 and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been synthetized in a quite simple manner, characterized, and used in a magnetic-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (M-d-μSPE) method in combination with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and fluorescence detection (FD). The application was devoted to the determination of 8 heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different aqueous samples, specifically tap water, wastewaters, and fruit tea infusion samples. The overall M-d-μSPE-UHPLC-FD method was optimized and validated. The method is characterized by: its simplicity in both the preparation of the hybrid material (simple mixing) and the magnetic-assisted approach (∼10min extraction time), the use of low sorbent amounts (20mg of HKUST-1 and 5mg of Fe3O4 MNPs), and the low organic solvent consumption in the overall M-d-μSPE-UHPLC-FD method (1.5mL of acetonitrile in the M-d-μSPE method and 2.8mL of acetonitrile in the UHPLC-FD run). The resulting method has high sensitivity, with LODs down to 0.8ngL(-1); adequate intermediate precision, with relative standard deviation values (RSD) always lower than 6.3% (being the range 5.9-9.0% in tap water for a spiked level of 45ngL(-1), 6.1-14% in wastewaters for a spiked level of 45ngL(-1), and 7.2-17% in fruit tea infusion samples for a spiked level of 45ngL(-1)); and adequate relative recoveries, with average values of 82% in tap water, and 94% and 75% in wastewater and fruit tea infusion samples, respectively, if using the proper matrix-matched calibration.
authors: Departament of Chemistry-Analytical Division, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain. Electronic address: procio@ull.es.
authors: Priscilla
authors: P
authors: Rocío-Bautista
authors: Departament of Chemistry-Analytical Division, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain. Electronic address: veropino@ull.edu.es.
authors: Verónica
authors: V
authors: Pino
authors: Departament of Chemistry-Analytical Division, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain. Electronic address: jayala@ull.es.
authors: Juan H
authors: JH
authors: Ayala
authors: X Ray and Molecular Materials Lab (MATMOL), Physics Department, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain. Electronic address: jpasang@ull.es.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Pasán
authors: X Ray and Molecular Materials Lab (MATMOL), Physics Department, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain. Electronic address: caruiz@ull.es.
authors: Catalina
authors: C
authors: Ruiz-Pérez
authors: Departament of Chemistry-Analytical Division, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain. Electronic address: aafonso@ull.es.
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: Afonso
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073396:Metal-Organic Frameworks; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D000073396:Metal-Organic Frameworks; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012997:Solvents; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C539834:bis(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)tricopper(II)
keywords: Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction; Environmental waters; Fruit-tea infusions; Magnetic nanoparticles; Metal-organic frameworks; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons