title: Intrauterine growth restriction: impact on cardiovascular development and function throughout infancy.
abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to the situation where a fetus does not grow according to its genetic growth potential. One of the main causes of IUGR is uteroplacental vascular insufficiency. Under these circumstances of chronic oxygen and nutrient deprivation, the growth-restricted fetus often displays typical circulatory changes, which in part represent adaptations to the suboptimal intrauterine environment. These fetal adaptations aim to preserve oxygen and nutrient supply to vital organs such as the brain, the heart, and the adrenals. These prenatal circulatory adaptations are thought to lead to an altered development of the cardiovascular system and "program" the fetus for life long cardiovascular morbidities. In this review, we discuss the alterations to cardiovascular structure, function, and control that have been observed in growth-restricted fetuses, neonates, and infants following uteroplacental vascular insufficiency. We also discuss the current knowledge on early life surveillance and interventions to prevent progression into chronic disease.
authors: The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/ University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Emily
authors: 0000-0002-4153-5840
authors: E
authors: Cohen
authors: The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.|Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Flora Y
authors: FY
authors: Wong
authors: The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Rosemary S C
authors: RS
authors: Horne
authors: The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Stephanie R
authors: SR
authors: Yiallourou
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010100:Oxygen; D013599:Systole; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen