title: Theory of mind and executive function in Chinese preschool children.
abstract: Cross-cultural research on children's theory of mind (ToM) understanding has raised questions about its developmental sequence and relationship with executive function (EF). The current study examined how ToM develops (using the tasks from Wellman & Liu, 2004) in relation to 2 EF skills (conflict inhibition, working memory) in 997 Chinese preschoolers (ages 3, 4, 5) in Chengdu, China. Compared with prior research with other Chinese and non-Chinese children, some general patterns in development were replicated in this sample. However, the children showed culture-specific reversals in the developmental sequence of ToM. For example, Chengdu children performed differently on the 2 false-belief tasks that were thought to be equivalent. Furthermore, conflict inhibition as well as working memory uniquely predicted ToM performance. We discuss the issues of ToM development as they relate to test items and cross-cultural--and subcultural--differences.
authors: Department of Psychology, San Jose State University.
authors: Shinchieh
authors: S
authors: Duh
authors: Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University.
authors: Jae H
authors: JH
authors: Paik
authors: Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University.
authors: Patricia H
authors: PH
authors: Miller
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Oregon.
authors: Stephanie C
authors: SC
authors: Gluck
authors: International Institute for Chinese Early Education Research.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Educational Testing Service.
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Himelfarb
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032882:Comprehension; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D056345:Theory of Mind / Q000502:physiology*