title: Emigrated neuroscientists from Berlin to North America.
abstract: The highest number of German scholars and physicians, forced by the National Socialist regime to emigrate for "race" or political reasons, were from Berlin. Language and medical exams were requested differently in their new host country-the United States-leading to a concentration of immigrants in the New York and Boston areas. Very early Emergency Committees in Aid of German Scholars and Physicians were established. Undergraduate students (like F. A. Freyhan, H. Lehmann, and H.-L. Teuber) from Berlin seemed to integrate easily, in contrast to colleagues of more advanced age. Some of the former chiefs and senior assistants of Berlin's neurological departments could achieve a successful resettlement (C. E. Benda, E. Haase, C. F. List, and F. Quadfasel) and some a minor degree of success (F. H. Lewy and K. Goldstein). A group of neuropsychiatrists from Bonhoeffer's staff at the Berlin Charité Hospital could rely on the forceful intercession of their former chief. The impact of the émigré colleagues on North American neuroscience is traced in some cases. Apart from the influential field of psychoanalysis, a more diffuse infiltration of German and European neuropsychiatry may be assumed. The contribution to the postwar blossoming of neuropsychology by the émigré neuroscientists K. Goldstein, F. Quadfasel, and H.-L. Teuber is demonstrated in this article.
authors: a Director Emeritus of the Department of Neurology , Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Holdorff
mesh_terms: D003068:Coercion; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007585:Jews / Q000266:history*; D028683:National Socialism / Q000266:history*; D058027:Neuropsychiatry / Q000266:history*; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000266:history*; D009656:North America
keywords: American brain gain; Berlin context; Clemens Ernst Benda; Fred Quadfasel; Fritz A. Freyhan; Fritz Heinrich Lewy; Hans-Lukas Teuber; Heinz Lehmann; Hertha Seidemann; Jewish neuroscientists; Karl Bonhoeffer; Kurt Goldstein; clinical neurology and neuropsychology; forced migration