title: Frequency and determinants of Hepatitis B and C virus in general population of Farash Town, Islamabad.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are rapidly spreading in the developing countries. Both of them are blood borne and are transmitted through un-screened blood transfusion, inadequately sterilized needles and equipment. According to WHO's criteria of endemicity, Pakistan has high disease burden of Hepatitis B and C. The present study was planned to determine the frequency and to identify the risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus in the general community of Farash town.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive study was carried out in Al Nafees Medical Hospital Lab, from January 2013 to December 2013. Both the genders and all age groups were included in the study. All the patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria had given a written consent. Data was collected through questionnaire and was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-hundred and forty five patients were studied. Among these 92 (27%) were males and 253(73%) were female, 33% of them had hepatitis C, 9% had hepatitis B. History of injections was reported in all of the patients. Visit to community barbers was present in 58.6% and 41% cases of hepatitis B and C. History of dental procedures was obtained in 7(24%) and 15(13%) patients of hepatitis B and C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major contributors for Hepatitis B and C in Farash town are use of unsterilized therapeutic injections and visit to community barbers. Education of the barbers regarding sterilization may help in reducing the burden of infection in this community.
authors: Dr. Munazza Asad, MBBS, FCPS. Associate Professor of Physiology, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors: Munazza
authors: M
authors: Asad
authors: Dr. Farah Ahmed, MBBS, MSPH, MBA. Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors: Farah
authors: F
authors: Ahmed
authors: Dr. Humaira Zafar, MBBS, MPhil. Assistant Professor of Pathology, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors: Humaira
authors: H
authors: Zafar
authors: Mr. Sabir Farman, Statistician, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors: Sabir
authors: S
authors: Farman
keywords: Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Risk Factors