title: Emerging Immunotargets in Bladder Cancer.
abstract: Bladder cancer treatment, namely systemic therapy, was dominated in the last three decades due to the absence of newer therapeutic options other than chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy, by itself, both in first and second-line seems to have achieved the modest plateau of its possibilities at the cost of non-negligible toxicity. Targeted therapies, which changed the therapy of many different tumors, seem rather ineffective in bladder cancer. More recently, a new generation of Immunotherapy based regimens represent the most promising avenue for the future systemic treatment of bladder cancer. Checkpoint inhibition, namely PD1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition, showed impressive results in many other tumor types and are expected to become a major player in the treatment of bladder cancer. Other immunotherapy strategies such as fusion proteins represent distant, although promising, options. A brief overview of the current status of bladder cancer immunotherapy is presented.
authors: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37124 Verona, Italy. fmassari79@gmail.com.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Massari
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Ciccarese
authors: Nuno
authors: N
authors: Vau
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Santoni
authors: Rodolfo
authors: R
authors: Montironi
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Cheng
authors: Rita C
authors: RC
authors: Marques
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Scarpelli
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Fonseca
authors: Marc R
authors: MR
authors: Matrana
authors: Moch
authors: M
authors: Holger
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Cascinu
authors: Giampaolo
authors: G
authors: Tortora
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Lopez-Beltran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor