title: Terminalia Chebula Attenuates DMBA/Croton Oil-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Swiss albino Mouse Skin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate underlying molecular mechanism for antitumorigenic potential of Terminalia chebula (TC) against chemically-induced skin tumorigenesis in Swiss albino mice. It is used as herbal medicine because it exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activity. However, the précised underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In light of the important role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress in carcinogenesis, chemopreventive efficacy of TC against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA), and croton oil-induced 2-stage skin carcinogenesis was studied in terms of cytoprotective antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), inflammatory responses, and expression of various molecular markers in skin tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that topical application of TC at dose of 30 mg/kg b. wt. mouse effectively suppressed oxidative stress and deregulated activation of inflammatory mediators and tumorigenesis. Histological findings further supported the protective effects of TC against DMBA/croton oil-induced cutaneous damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggest that the chemopreventive effect of TC is associated with upregulation of endogenous cytoprotective machinery and downregulation of inflammatory mediators (interleukin (IL)-6, COX-2, i-NOS, ODC, and NF-κB).
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Ferial
authors: F
authors: Majed
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Sana
authors: S
authors: Nafees
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Summya
authors: S
authors: Rashid
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Nemat
authors: N
authors: Ali
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Syed Kazim
authors: SK
authors: Hasan
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Rashid
authors: R
authors: Ali
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Ayaz
authors: A
authors: Shahid
authors: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Sarwat
authors: S
authors: Sultana
keywords: Cytokines; Skin carcinogenesis; Terminalia chebula; inflammation; proinflammatory markers