title: A Temperature Sensitive Variant of p53 Drives p53-Dependent MicroRNA Expression without Evidence of Widespread Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing.
abstract: The p53 tumour suppressor is a transcription factor that can regulate the expression of numerous genes including many encoding proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs). The predominant outcomes of a typical p53 response are the initiation of apoptotic cascades and the activation of cell cycle checkpoints. HT29-tsp53 cells express a temperature sensitive variant of p53 and in the absence of exogenous DNA damage, these cells preferentially undergo G1 phase cell cycle arrest at the permissive temperature that correlates with increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1. Recent evidence also suggests that a variety of miRNAs can induce G1 arrest by inhibiting the expression of proteins like CDK4 and CDK6. Here we used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify p53-regulated miRNAs that are induced in these cells undergoing G1 arrest. At the permissive temperature, the expression of several miRNAs was increased through a combination of either transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation. In particular, miR-34a-5p, miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p were strongly induced and they reached levels comparable to that of reference miRNAs (miR-191 and miR-103). Importantly, miR-34a-5p and miR-145-5p are known to silence the Cdk4 and/or Cdk6 G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). Surprisingly, there was no p53-dependent decrease in the expression of either of these G1 cdks. To search for other potential targets of p53-regulated miRNAs, p53-downregulated mRNAs were identified through parallel microarray analysis of mRNA expression. Once again, there was no clear effect of p53 on the repression of mRNAs under these conditions despite a remarkable increase in p53-induced mRNA expression. Therefore, despite a strong p53 transcriptional response, there was no clear evidence that p53-responsive miRNA contributed to gene silencing. Taken together, the changes in cell cycle distribution in this cell line at the permissive temperature is likely attributable to transcriptional upregulation of the CDKN1A mRNA and p21WAF1 protein and not to the down regulation of CDK4 or CDK6 by p53-regulated miRNAs.
authors: Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa ON.
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: Cabrita
authors: Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.
authors: Erin J
authors: EJ
authors: Vanzyl
authors: Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa ON.
authors: Jeff D
authors: JD
authors: Hamill
authors: Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa ON.
authors: Elysia
authors: E
authors: Pan
authors: Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa ON.
authors: Kristen A
authors: KA
authors: Marcellus
authors: Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.
authors: Victoria J
authors: VJ
authors: Tolls
authors: Institute for Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.
authors: Rhea C
authors: RC
authors: Alonzi
authors: Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.
authors: Alyssa
authors: A
authors: Pastic
authors: Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.
authors: Teeghan M E
authors: TM
authors: Rambo
authors: Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.
authors: Hadil
authors: H
authors: Sayed
authors: Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa ON.|Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.|Institute for Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON.
authors: Bruce C
authors: BC
authors: McKay
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; C495911:CDK6 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6