title: Oxidative Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Sources, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity despite only constituting approximately 10-15% of all strokes. Complex underlying mechanisms consisting of cytotoxic, excitotoxic, and inflammatory effects of intraparenchymal blood are responsible for its highly damaging effects. Oxidative stress (OS) also plays an important role in brain injury after ICH but attracts less attention than other factors. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the metabolite axis of hemoglobin-heme-iron is the key contributor to oxidative brain damage after ICH, although other factors, such as neuroinflammation and prooxidases, are involved. This review will discuss the sources, possible molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets of OS in ICH.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors: Chuanyuan
authors: C
authors: Tao
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Gan
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: You
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D006418:Heme; D007501:Iron; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D010100:Oxygen