title: Norwegian midwives' use of screening for and brief interventions on alcohol use in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the current screening for and brief intervention (BI) on alcohol use in pregnancy among midwives in Norway, as well as perceived barriers for such practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Internet and telephone survey was conducted among all 200 registered municipal midwives in the Norwegian health regions North, West and South in the period December 2013-May 2014. Of these, 103 midwives were reached and responded (52%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the midwives (97%) asked the pregnant women about their alcohol use at their first consultation. 42% of the midwives reported using a screening instrument. When asked which one, AUDIT or TWEAK was mentioned by 16%. The need for more training in screening tools was reported by 66%. Sixty-four percent of midwives working in municipalities that had received special training compared with 50% among the rest said that they intervened themselves if alcohol use was detected (χ(2) = 0.32, P = .645). Motivational Interviewing was well known and frequently used. Low perceived BI competence and finding it difficult to discuss alcohol use with parents with a different ethnicity both reduced chances of carrying out a BI. Time constraints and lack of organizational support were other frequently mentioned barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that the Norwegian midwives find screening and brief interventions for alcohol use to be important and part of their job, but still could use more training, stronger guidelines and more time for following up parents.
authors: Department of Health and Society, Narvik University College, P.O. Box 385, N-8020 Narvik, Norway; Regional Centre on Substance Use, University Hospital of North-Norway, Teknologiveien 10, N-8517 Narvik, Norway. Electronic address: siljecamilla.wangberg@hin.no.
authors: Silje C
authors: SC
authors: Wangberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D054521:Cultural Competency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008880:Midwifery / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D009664:Norway; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Alcohol; Brief intervention; Midwifery; Motivational interviewing; Screening; Survey