title: Adsorption-uptake-metabolism kinetic model on the removal of BDE-47 by a Chlorella isolate.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent and toxic organic pollutants, causing hazardous to ecosystems and human health but are difficult to remove from contaminated environments. The mechanism and kinetics of a Chlorella isolate to remove BDE-47 were investigated. This species isolated from the influent of wastewater treatment plants in Hong Kong was PBDE tolerant. More than 80% of BDE-47 was removed in short- and long-term experiments lasting 1 h and 7 days, respectively. The dominant removal process was adsorption on cell surfaces, with 73% of the spiked BDE-47 removed within five minutes of exposure. As the exposure prolonged, the adsorption became saturated. BDE-47 on cell surfaces was then gradually taken up into cells. At the end of the 7-day exposure, 17% of the spiked BDE-47 was within cells, while 27% was metabolized. Four metabolites, including BDE-28, 6-OH- and 5-OH-BDE-47, and 6-MeO-BDE-47, were produced from the debromination, hydroxylation and methoxylation of BDE-47. The removal kinetics of BDE-47 by freshwater microalgae could be explained by the multi-compartmental adsorption-uptake-metabolism model developed in this study.
authors: Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Deng
authors: Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: bhntam@cityu.edu.hk.
authors: Nora F Y
authors: NFY
authors: Tam
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000840:Anisoles / Q000378:metabolism; D002708:Chlorella / Q000378:metabolism*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007700:Kinetics; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000840:Anisoles; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C496823:2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-3,5-dibromoanisole; C580598:5-OH-BDE-47; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C533760:tribromodiphenyl ether 28
keywords: Adsorption; Metabolism; Microalgae; PBDEs; Uptake