title: Comparison of the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in evaluating the prognosis of patients with operable and inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) are shown to be reliable prognostic indexes in patients with operable and inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Considering the difference between the two indexes lies in whether hypoalbuminemia without an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with worse survival, this study aims to evaluate the prognostic performance of hypoalbuminemia in patients without an elevated CRP and to compare the prognostic value of GPS and mGPS in patients with operable and inoperable NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 2988 patients were retrospectively collected from the Shanghai Health Information Network. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was performed to investigate the prognostic effect of albumin, CRP, GPS and mGPS. Restricted cubic spline was also performed to evaluate the relationship between albumin and hazard ratio. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated and compared using the log-rank test. Additional discriminative ability of GPS and of mGPS was evaluated using the area under the curve and Harrell's concordance index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypoalbuminemia was associated with worse survival in both operable and inoperable patients without an elevated CRP. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve of hypoalbuminemic patients without an elevated CRP was more close to the curve of patients with an elevated CRP and a normal albumin than to the curve of patients with neither of these abnormalities. Multivariate analysis, AUC and C-index all indicated that GPS had a higher prognostic value than mGPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoalbuminemia was associated with worse survival in patients with or without an elevated CRP. GPS was superior to mGPS in predicting survival in operable and inoperable NSCLC patients.
authors: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
authors: Heng
authors: H
authors: Fan
authors: Information Centre, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, No. 223 Hankou Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhen-Yi
authors: ZY
authors: Shao
authors: School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No. 183 West Renmin Road, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yuan-Yuan
authors: YY
authors: Xiao
authors: Information Centre, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, No. 223 Hankou Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhi-Hui
authors: ZH
authors: Xie
authors: Information Centre, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, No. 223 Hankou Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Information Centre, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, No. 223 Hankou Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
authors: Guo-You
authors: GY
authors: Qin
authors: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. nqzhao@126.com.
authors: Nai-Qing
authors: NQ
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Albumin; C-reactive protein; Glasgow Prognostic Score; Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score; Non-small cell lung cancer; Survival