title: A systematic review of the motivations for the non-medical use of prescription drugs in young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young adults (18-25) are most at-risk for the non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). Understanding this population's motivations for use can help inform efforts to reduce NMUPD. Therefore, this systematic review synthesizes the findings from research on young adults' motivations to engage in NMUPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on PRISMA guidelines, relevant databases were systematically searched for articles that assessed the motivations for NMUPD in young adults and college-aged students. Search strings included a range of prescription drug classes and terms to ensure an exhaustive review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search resulted in identifying 353 potential articles after duplicates were removed, and 37 articles were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Of the final articles, the majority investigated the non-medical use of prescription stimulants in U.S. student populations cross-sectionally. Seven studies, either exclusively or in combination with other medications, researched prescription opioids, and five investigated central nervous system depressants. Only one study investigated motivations over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are many ways in which the current literature can be expanded, including researching other populations and focusing on prescriptions other than stimulants. Using the medications for their prescribed properties and known side effects emerged as a consistent theme. It was also fairly common for young adults to report recreational motives. Issues with measurement and definitions of key terms (e.g., non-medical) would benefit from consistency in future work. Research on motivations should continue and be incorporated into the larger drug use context, as well as existing prevention and intervention strategies.
authors: Virginia Commonwealth University, 810 W. Franklin Street, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA. Electronic address: drazdowskitk@vcu.edu.
authors: Tess K
authors: TK
authors: Drazdowski
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs
keywords: College students; Drug use; Motivation; Non-medical use; Prescription drugs; Young adults