title: Relationships between sitting time and health indicators, costs, and utilization in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether self-reported sitting time is related to various health indicators, health costs, and utilization in adults over age 65.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional cohort study was conducted using the electronic health record (EHR) from an integrated health system in Washington State. Members who completed an online health risk assessment (HRA) between 2009 and 2011 (N = 3538) were eligible. The HRA assessed sitting time, physical activity, and health status. Diagnosis codes for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), height and weight for body mass index (BMI) calculations, health care utilization and health costs were extracted from the EHR. Linear regression models with robust standard errors tested differences in sitting time by health status, BMI category, diabetes and CVD, health costs, and utilization adjusting for demographic variables, BMI, physical activity, and health conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  People classified as overweight and obese, that had diabetes or CVD, and with poorer self-rated health had significantly higher sitting time (p < .05). Total annual adjusted health care costs were $126 higher for each additional hour of sitting (p < .05; not significant in final models including health conditions).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sitting time may be an important independent health indicator among older adults.
authors: Group Health Research Institute, USA.
authors: Dori
authors: D
authors: Rosenberg
authors: Group Health Research Institute, USA.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Cook
authors: Group Health Research Institute, USA.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Gell
authors: Group Health Research Institute, USA.
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Lozano
authors: Group Health Research Institute, USA.
authors: Lou
authors: L
authors: Grothaus
authors: Group Health Research Institute, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Arterburn
keywords: Aged; Health information systems; Motor activity