title: A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid.
abstract: Bacillus subtilis strain B7-S screened from18 strains is an aerobic, endospore-forming, model organism of Gram-positive bacteria which is capable to form vanillin during ferulic acid bioconversion. The bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by Bacillus subtilis B7-S (B. subtilis B7-S) was investigated. Based on our results, the optimum bioconversion conditions for the production of vanillin by B. subtilis B7-S can be summarized as follows: temperature 35 °C; initial pH 9.0; inoculum volume 5%; ferulic acid concentration 0.6 g/L; volume of culture medium 20%; and shaking speed 200 r/min. Under these conditions, several repeated small-scale batch experiments showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was 63.30% after 3 h of bioconversion. The vanillin products were confirmed by spectral data achieved from UV-vis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) results confirmed that the cell surface of B. subtilis plays a role in the induction of ferulic acid tolerance. These results demonstrate that B. subtilis B7-S has the potential for use in vanillin production through bioconversion of ferulic acid.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Chen
authors: College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Yan
authors: School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China.
authors: Zhengrong
authors: Z
authors: Wu
authors: Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China.
authors: Suyue
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China.
authors: Zhongtian
authors: Z
authors: Bai
authors: Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China.
authors: Xiaojuan
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China.
authors: Ningbo
authors: N
authors: Wang
authors: Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Liang
authors: School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China.
authors: Hongyu
authors: H
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D003470:Culture Media; C004999:ferulic acid; C100058:vanillin