title: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: What we have Learned in the Last 25 Years? (A Comparative Literature Review).
abstract: We performed a comparative literature review, to elucidate the major features of the Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy (TCM) collected in last 25 years. TCM is characterized by left- or biventricular apical ballooning with a clinical presentation, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and biomarker profils similar to those seen in acute myocardial infarction. Epidemiological studies have shown that TCM is more common in postmenopausal women; however exact figures are not available. The underlying aetiology is still largely undetermined. Elevated catecholamine levels, lack of estrogen, disturbed myocardial fatty acid metabolism and plaque rupture with spontaneous thrombolysis are potentially discussed mechanisms responsible for inducing a prolonged stunned myocardium. Strong emotional or physical stress is the most frequently described trigger in the literature. Therapy recommendations include appropriate antiplatelet treatment, β-blockers and ACE inhibitors. The abnormal kinetics usually resolve or improve within a month and carry a favorable prognosis in most cases. However, all the suspected complications of an acute myocardial infarction, including cardiogenic shock or lethal arrhythmias, may still occur.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. samir.said@med.ovgu.de.
authors: Samir M
authors: SM
authors: Said
authors: Erol
authors: E
authors: Saygili
authors: Obaida R
authors: OR
authors: Rana
authors: Conrad
authors: C
authors: Genz
authors: Judit
authors: J
authors: Hahn
authors: Rajen
authors: R
authors: Bali
authors: Soumya
authors: S
authors: Varshney
authors: Khaled
authors: K
authors: Albouaini
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Prondzinsky
authors: Ruediger C
authors: RC
authors: Braun-Dullaeus
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors