title: A Co-Opted Hormonal Cascade Activates Dormant Adventitious Root Primordia upon Flooding in Solanum dulcamara.
abstract: Soil flooding is a common stress factor affecting plants. To sustain root function in the hypoxic environment, flooding-tolerant plants may form new, aerenchymatous adventitious roots (ARs), originating from preformed, dormant primordia on the stem. We investigated the signaling pathway behind AR primordium reactivation in the dicot species Solanum dulcamara Transcriptome analysis indicated that flooding imposes a state of quiescence on the stem tissue, while increasing cellular activity in the AR primordia. Flooding led to ethylene accumulation in the lower stem region and subsequently to a drop in abscisic acid (ABA) level in both stem and AR primordia tissue. Whereas ABA treatment prevented activation of AR primordia by flooding, inhibition of ABA synthesis was sufficient to activate them in absence of flooding. Together, this reveals that there is a highly tissue-specific response to reduced ABA levels. The central role for ABA in the response differentiates the pathway identified here from the AR emergence pathway known from rice (Oryza sativa). Flooding and ethylene treatment also induced expression of the polar auxin transporter PIN2, and silencing of this gene or chemical inhibition of auxin transport inhibited primordium activation, even though ABA levels were reduced. Auxin treatment, however, was not sufficient for AR emergence, indicating that the auxin pathway acts in parallel with the requirement for ABA reduction. In conclusion, adaptation of S. dulcamara to wet habitats involved co-option of a hormonal signaling cascade well known to regulate shoot growth responses, to direct a root developmental program upon soil flooding.
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Thikra
authors: T
authors: Dawood
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Xinping
authors: 0000-0001-8661-8802
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Eric J W
authors: 0000-0002-4763-3775
authors: EJ
authors: Visser
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Tim A H
authors: 0000-0001-5368-9743
authors: TA
authors: Te Beek
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Philip R
authors: PR
authors: Kensche
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Simona M
authors: SM
authors: Cristescu
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Sangseok
authors: 0000-0001-7112-4447
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Kristýna
authors: 0000-0002-5558-0669
authors: K
authors: Floková
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Duy
authors: 0000-0001-6420-7308
authors: D
authors: Nguyen
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.).
authors: Celestina
authors: C
authors: Mariani
authors: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (T.D., X.Y., D.N., C.M., I.R.), Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (E.J.W.V.), Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (P.R.K.), and Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials (S.M.C.), Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.A.H.t.B.);Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.L., K.F.); andGyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea (S.L.) i.rieu@science.ru.nl.
authors: Ivo
authors: 0000-0001-8575-0959
authors: I
authors: Rieu
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D055868:Floods; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D032322:Solanum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C036216:ethylene