title: Frontal and motor cortex contributions to response inhibition: evidence from electrocorticography.
abstract: Changes in the environment require rapid modification or inhibition of ongoing behavior. We used the stop-signal paradigm and intracranial recordings to investigate response preparation, inhibition, and monitoring of task-relevant information. Electrocorticographic data were recorded in eight patients with electrodes covering frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex, and time-frequency analysis was used to examine power differences in the beta (13-30 Hz) and high-gamma bands (60-180 Hz). Over motor cortex, beta power decreased, and high-gamma power increased during motor preparation for both go trials (Go) and unsuccessful stops (US). For successful stops (SS), beta increased, and high-gamma was reduced, indexing the cancellation of the prepared response. In the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), stop signals elicited a transient high-gamma increase. The MFG response occurred before the estimated stop-signal reaction time but did not distinguish between SS and US trials, likely signaling attention to the salient stop stimulus. A postresponse high-gamma increase in MFG was stronger for US compared with SS and absent in Go, supporting a role in behavior monitoring. These results provide evidence for differential contributions of frontal subregions to response inhibition, including motor preparation and inhibitory control in motor cortex and cognitive control and action evaluation in lateral prefrontal cortex.
authors: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
authors: Yvonne M
authors: YM
authors: Fonken
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;
authors: Jochem W
authors: JW
authors: Rieger
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany;
authors: Elinor
authors: E
authors: Tzvi
authors: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
authors: Nathan E
authors: NE
authors: Crone
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California;
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Neurology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Parvizi
authors: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and.
authors: Robert T
authors: RT
authors: Knight
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany umkraemer@gmail.com.
authors: Ulrike M
authors: UM
authors: Krämer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001611:Beta Rhythm; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D011597:Psychomotor Performance
keywords: beta oscillations; electrocorticography; high gamma; motor control; stop-signal task