title: Soft Tissue Augmentation Techniques and Materials Used in the Oral Cavity: An Overview.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral soft tissue augmentation or grafting procedures are often necessary to achieve proper wound closure after deficits resulting from tumor excision, clefts, trauma, dental implants, and tooth recessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous soft tissue grafts still remain the gold standard to acquire a functionally adequate zone of keratinized attached gingiva. However, soft tissue substitutes are more commonly used because they minimize morbidity and shorten surgical time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review aimed to assess soft tissue grafting techniques and materials used in the oral cavity from existing literature. There are a large variety of materials and techniques, including grafts, local flaps, allogenic derived matrices such as acellular dermal allograft, xenogenic tissue matrices from animal origin, and synthetic materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue engineering of oral mucosa represents an interesting alternative to obtain sufficient autologous tissue for reconstructing oral wounds using biodegradable scaffolds, and may improve vascularization and epithelialization, which are critical for successful outcomes.
authors: *Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Center/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. †Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ‡Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. §Head Professor, Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Professor of Skin and Mucosa Regenerative Medicine, Head of Dermatology Lab, Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ¶Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Center/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ‖Head Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Center/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Wolff
authors: Elisabet
authors: E
authors: Farré-Guasch
authors: George K
authors: GK
authors: Sándor
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Gibbs
authors: Derk Jan
authors: DJ
authors: Jager
authors: Tymour
authors: T
authors: Forouzanfar
mesh_terms: D064591:Allografts / Q000601:surgery; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery; D005890:Gingivectomy / Q000379:methods; D005893:Gingivoplasty / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000601:surgery*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds