title: BEST-PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR FIELD-BASED SURGERY AND ANESTHESIA OF FREE-RANGING WILDLIFE. I. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA.
abstract: Field anesthesia is often necessary for both invasive and noninvasive procedures on wild animals. We describe basic principles of safe anesthetic delivery, monitoring, and recovery for application in procedures involving free-ranging wildlife. For invasive procedures, the potential for immediate and lasting pain must be addressed and appropriate analgesia provided. In situations where the minimum standard of safe anesthesia and effective analgesia cannot be provided, the investigator and approving bodies should rigorously evaluate the risk to the patient against the value of the data obtained. This document is intended to serve as a resource for Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees, biologists, veterinarians, and other researchers planning projects that involve free-ranging wildlife in field conditions.
authors: 1  Chicago Zoological Society, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, Illinois 60513, USA.
authors: Sathya K
authors: SK
authors: Chinnadurai
authors: 2  University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Strahl-Heldreth
authors: 3  Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors: Christine V
authors: CV
authors: Fiorello
authors: 4  Center for Marine Sciences and Technology and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA.
authors: Craig A
authors: CA
authors: Harms
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Analgesia; anesthesia; animal welfare; guidelines; immobilization; surgery; wildlife