title: BLOOD GAS, LACTATE, AND HEMATOLOGY EFFECTS OF VENIPUNCTURE TIMING AND LOCATION AFTER MIST-NET CAPTURE OF MOURNING DOVES (ZENAIDA MACROURA), BOAT-TAILED GRACKLES (QUISCALUS MAJOR), AND HOUSE SPARROWS (PASSER DOMESTICUS).
abstract: Venous blood gas partial pressures, pH, bicarbonate and lactate concentrations, packed cell volume, white blood cell differential counts, and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios were measured from Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), Boat-tailed Grackles (Quiscalus major), and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Birds were bled promptly after mist-net capture and banding or following a targeted delay of 45-60 min, in order to assess the impacts of a brief holding period commonly practiced in large-scale bird banding operations. Additionally, effects of venipuncture location (basilic [=ulnar] vein versus jugular vein) were evaluated in male Boat-tailed Grackles sampled promptly after capture and banding. All comparisons were with unpaired samples; no birds were subjected to more than one venipuncture. All three species exhibited moderate improvements in blood gas and acid-base status after the delay, with reductions in lactate concentrations with or without concurrent increases in pH and bicarbonate. Boat-tailed Grackles exhibited an increased proportion of heterophils in the differential white blood cell count following a delay in sampling, suggestive of a stress leukogram. There were no significant differences between basilic and jugular venipuncture results from male Boat-tailed Grackles. Most metabolic, respiratory, and acid-base alterations were minor, but a small number of birds exhibited values (e.g., temperature-corrected pH <7.3, lactate >10 mmol/L) that could be of concern if combined with other adverse conditions. For such birds, a short delay between capture and processing could benefit their blood gas and acid-base status, although loss of time foraging or feeding young and greater activation of the hypophyseal-pituitary-adrenal axis are additional considerations.
authors: 1  Center for Marine Sciences and Technology and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA.
authors: Craig A
authors: CA
authors: Harms
authors: 2  College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA.
authors: Maggie R
authors: MR
authors: Jinks
authors: 3  814 South Yaupon Terrace, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA.
authors: Ronald V
authors: RV
authors: Harms
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D010856:Columbidae / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D046370:Sparrows / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Animal welfare; banding; blood gas; columbiform; lactate; mist net; passerine; stress leukogram