title: Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Materials with Potential Application in Preprosthetic Surgery.
abstract: Current methods in handling maxillofacial defects are not robust and are highly dependent on the surgeon's skills and the inherent potential in the patients' bodies for regenerating lost tissues. Employing custom-designed 3D printed scaffolds that securely and effectively reconstruct the defects by using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine techniques can revolutionize preprosthetic surgeries. Various polymers, ceramics, natural and synthetic bioplastics, proteins, biomolecules, living cells, and growth factors as well as their hybrid structures can be used in 3D printing of scaffolds, which are still under development by scientists. These scaffolds not only are beneficial due to their patient-specific design, but also may be able to prevent micromobility, make tension free soft tissue closure, and improve vascularity. In this manuscript, a review of materials employed in 3D bioprinting including bioceramics, biopolymers, composites, and metals is conducted. A discussion of the relevance of 3D bioprinting using these materials for craniofacial interventions is included as well as their potential to create analogs to craniofacial tissues, their benefits, limitations, and their application.
authors: Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI.
authors: Mina D
authors: MD
authors: Fahmy
authors: Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI.|School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors: Hossein E
authors: HE
authors: Jazayeri
authors: BCAST, Institute of Materials and Manufacturing, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London, UK.|Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London, UK.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Razavi
authors: Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Radi
authors: R
authors: Masri
authors: Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI.|Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors: Lobat
authors: L
authors: Tayebi
mesh_terms: D062028:Bioprinting; D006801:Humans; D011108:Polymers; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: 3D Printing; CAD/CAM; biomaterials; dental materials; scaffolds