title: Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) alters the profiles of organic and inorganic components in Keishikaryukotsuboreito.
abstract: Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) is a non-botanical crude drug, defined as "the ossified bone of large mammal" in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia sixteenth edition (JP16). It is a non-reproducible drug and is now facing the threat of exhaustion. To solve this problem, we aimed to clarify the role of longgu in Kampo prescriptions, which has not yet been scientifically ascertained. In this study, we focused on decoction of Keishikaryukotsuboreito (KRB). The profile of inorganic and organic components in the extract was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC/FID), respectively. Twenty-five elements were detected by ICP-MS in KRB and longgu-free KRB (KB) decoctions. However, 23 elements were detected in unadultrated longgu (R) decoctions, and their total amount was 30 times lower than those of the KRB and KB decoctions were. No organic compounds were detected in R decoctions by GC/FID, though many were detected in KRB and KB decoctions. KRB decoctions were distinguished from KB decoctions by multivariate analysis. The only difference in the crude drugs was the presence of longgu, and therefore the difference in the profiles was attributed to the effect of longgu. Longgu was submitted to terahertz (THz) wave spectrometry after the decocting process. The THz spectra indicated that longgu adsorbed compounds during the KRB decoction. These results suggested that longgu not only releases its components, but also adsorbs ingredients from other crude drugs during decoction.
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Kazuki
authors: K
authors: Oguri
authors: Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan.
authors: Masaya
authors: M
authors: Kawase
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Harada
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|The Museum of Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan.
authors: Kayoko
authors: K
authors: Shimada-Takaura
authors: Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan.
authors: Toshiharu
authors: T
authors: Takahashi
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. kyokot@phs.osaka-u.ac.jp.|The Museum of Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan. kyokot@phs.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: Fossilia Ossis Mastodi; Gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC/FID); Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Keishikaryukotsuboreito; Terahertz (THz) wave spectrometry