title: Neighbourhood environments and obesity among adults: A multilevel analysis of an urban Brazilian context.
abstract: Objective. This study identified environmental variables associated with obesity in the adult population of a city in Brazil. Methods. It was conducted using the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey from 2008 to 2010. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the participants' self-reported weight and height. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. The food establishments, georeferenced areas conducive to physical activity, total income of the neighbourhood, homicide rate and population density were used to characterise the environment. In addition, individual variables were considered. A multilevel logistic regression was performed. Results. A total of 5273 individuals were evaluated. The odds of obesity was found to be significantly decreased with increases in the number of establishments that sell healthy food, number of restaurants, number of places for physical activity and total income - in different models. In addition, these associations remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, education and consumption of meat with visible fat. Conclusions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex interaction between environmental and individual determinants of obesity and may aid in the development of effective interventions, such as the expansion of obesity control programmes.
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Bairro Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda Penido
authors: FP
authors: Matozinhos
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Bairro Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Crizian Saar
authors: CS
authors: Gomes
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Observatory for Urban Health, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Bairro Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Amanda Cristina de Souza
authors: AC
authors: Andrade
authors: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Larissa Loures
authors: LL
authors: Mendes
authors: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Milene Cristine
authors: MC
authors: Pessoa
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Observatory for Urban Health, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Bairro Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Amélia Augusta de Lima
authors: AA
authors: Friche
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Bairro Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Gustavo
authors: G
authors: Velasquez-Melendez
keywords: Multilevel analysis; Obesity; Public health; Telephone survey