title: Longitudinal patterns of urine biomarkers in infants across gestational ages.
abstract: Urinary biomarkers may be indicators of acute kidney injury (AKI), although little is known of their developmental characteristics in healthy neonates across a full range of gestational age (GA). The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of urinary biomarkers across GA groups from birth to 3 months of age.
  
  
  
  Fifty-two infants ranging from 24 to 41 weeks' GA had urine assayed from birth through 3 months of age for 7 biomarkers including albumin (ALB), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), cystatin-C (CysC), epidermal growth factor (EGF), neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), osteopontin (OPN), and uromodulin (UMOD).
  
  
  
  Of the seven urinary biomarkers, EGF and UMOD increased while others decreased with advancing GA. By 3 months of age, EGF and UMOD had increased in preterm infants to levels similar to those of term infants. UMOD/ml and EGF/ml appeared to be predominantly developmental biomarkers distinguishing estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) with receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.82; p = 0.002. When factored by urine creatinine CysC/cr + ALB/cr were the most significant functional markers with AUC = 0.79; p = 0.004; sensitivity 96 %; specificity 58 %.
  
  
  
  Among healthy neonates, urinary biomarkers vary with GA. These data support the use of urinary biomarkers in the assessment of normal kidney development in the absence of injury.
authors: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/ Holtz Children's Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue (Annex 504), Miami, FL, 33136, USA. mdefreitas@med.miami.edu.
authors: Marissa J
authors: MJ
authors: DeFreitas
authors: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/ Holtz Children's Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue (Annex 504), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
authors: Wacharee
authors: W
authors: Seeherunvong
authors: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/ Holtz Children's Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue (Annex 504), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
authors: Chryso P
authors: CP
authors: Katsoufis
authors: O'Brien Center for AKI Research, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors: Satish
authors: S
authors: RamachandraRao
authors: Division of Neonatology, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Shahnaz
authors: S
authors: Duara
authors: Division of Perinatology and Obstetrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Salih
authors: S
authors: Yasin
authors: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/ Holtz Children's Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue (Annex 504), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
authors: Gaston
authors: G
authors: Zilleruelo
authors: Division of Pediatric Pathology, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Maria M
authors: MM
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/ Holtz Children's Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue (Annex 504), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
authors: Carolyn L
authors: CL
authors: Abitbol
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000652:urine*; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000652:urine*; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000652:urine*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Gestation; Glomerular filtration; Neonates; Urinary biomarkers