title: What Is Specific and What Is Shared Between Numbers and Words?
abstract: Reading and spelling performance have a significant correlation with number transcoding, which is the ability to establish a relationship between the verbal and Arabic representations of numbers, when a conversion of numerical symbols from one notation to the other is necessary. The aim of the present study is to reveal shared and non-shared mechanisms involved in reading and writing of words and Arabic numerals in Brazilian school-aged children. One hundred and seventy-two children from second to fourth grades were evaluated. All of them had normal intelligence. We conducted a series of hierarchical regression models using scores on word spelling and reading single words and Arabic numerals, as dependent variables. As predictor variables we investigated intelligence, the phonological and visuospatial components of working memory (WM) and phonemic awareness. All of the writing and reading tasks (single word spelling and reading as well as number reading and number writing) were significantly correlated to each other. In the regression models, phonological WM was specifically associated to word reading. Phonemic awareness was the only cognitive variable that systematically predicted all of the school skills investigated, both numerical and word tasks. This suggests that phonemic awareness is a modular cognitive ability shared by several school tasks and might be an important factor associated to the comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalculia.
authors: Developmental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Júlia B
authors: JB
authors: Lopes-Silva
authors: Developmental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Moura
authors: Developmental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Annelise
authors: A
authors: Júlio-Costa
authors: Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Karl-Franzens University of Graz Graz, Austria.
authors: Guilherme
authors: G
authors: Wood
authors: Núcleo de Estudos em Neuropsicologia Cognitiva, Institute of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Jerusa F
authors: JF
authors: Salles
authors: Developmental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Vitor G
authors: VG
authors: Haase
keywords: intelligence; number transcoding; phonemic awareness; reading; spelling