title: Capillary-driven microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for lab on a chip screening of explosive residues in soil.
abstract: A novel microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was designed to filter, extract, and pre-concentrate explosives from soil for direct analysis by a lab on a chip (LOC) device. The explosives were extracted via immersion of wax-printed μPADs directly into methanol soil suspensions for 10min, whereby dissolved explosives travelled upwards into the μPAD circular sampling reservoir. A chad was punched from the sampling reservoir and inserted into a LOC well containing the separation buffer for direct analysis, avoiding any further extraction step. Eight target explosives were separated and identified by fluorescence quenching. The minimum detectable amounts for all eight explosives were between 1.4 and 5.6ng with recoveries ranging from 53-82% from the paper chad, and 12-40% from soil. This method provides a robust and simple extraction method for rapid identification of explosives in complex soil samples.
authors: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney Broadway, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Maiken.Ueland@student.uts.edu.au.
authors: Maiken
authors: M
authors: Ueland
authors: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney Broadway, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Lucas.Blanes@uts.edu.au.
authors: Lucas
authors: L
authors: Blanes
authors: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney Broadway, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Regina.Taudte@uts.edu.au.
authors: Regina V
authors: RV
authors: Taudte
authors: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney Broadway, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Barbara.Stuart-1@uts.edu.au.
authors: Barbara H
authors: BH
authors: Stuart
authors: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney Broadway, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: nerida.cole@uts.edu.au.
authors: Nerida
authors: N
authors: Cole
authors: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States. Electronic address: Peter.A.Willis@jpl.nasa.gov.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Willis
authors: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney Broadway, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Claude.Roux@uts.edu.au.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Roux
authors: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney Broadway, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Philip.Doble@uts.edu.au.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Doble
mesh_terms: D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010209:Paper; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents; D012987:Soil
keywords: Explosive detection; Lab on a chip; μPADs