title: Coastal fog during summer drought improves the water status of sapling trees more than adult trees in a California pine forest.
abstract: Fog water inputs can offset seasonal drought in the Mediterranean climate of coastal California and may be critical to the persistence of many endemic plant species. The ability to predict plant species response to potential changes in the fog regime hinges on understanding the ways that fog can impact plant physiological function across life stages. Our study uses a direct metric of water status, namely plant water potential, to understand differential responses of adult versus sapling trees to seasonal drought and fog water inputs. We place these measurements within a water balance framework that incorporates the varying climatic and soil property impacts on water budgets and deficit. We conducted our study at a coastal and an inland site within the largest stand of the regionally endemic bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) on Santa Cruz Island. Our results show conclusively that summer drought negatively affects the water status of sapling more than adult trees and that sapling trees are also more responsive to changes in shallow soil moisture inputs from fog water deposition. Moreover, between the beginning and end of a large, late-season fog drip event, water status increased more for saplings than for adults. Relative to non-foggy conditions, we found that fog water reduces modeled peak water deficit by 80 and 70 % at the inland and coastal sites, respectively. Results from our study inform mechanistically based predictions of how population dynamics of this and other coastal species may be affected by a warmer, drier, and potentially less foggy future.
authors: Department of Geography, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. baguskas@ucsc.edu.|Department of Environmental Studies, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA. baguskas@ucsc.edu.
authors: Sara A
authors: SA
authors: Baguskas
authors: Department of Geography, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.|Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Still
authors: Department of Geography, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.|Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.|Environment Division, Arcadis, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors: Douglas T
authors: DT
authors: Fischer
authors: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.|Department of Environmental Studies, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors: Carla M
authors: CM
authors: D'Antonio
authors: Department of Geography, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors: Jennifer Y
authors: JY
authors: King
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D055864:Droughts; D065928:Forests; D008954:Models, Biological; D028223:Pinus / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D014197:Trees / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology*; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Bishop pine; Climate change; Leaf water potential; Tree life stage; Water balance model