title: The Peridural Membrane of the Human Spine is Well Innervated.
abstract: There is evidence that low back pain may originate from a peridural membrane (PDM) at the inferior and medial aspect of neural foramen of the lumbar spine. The objective of this investigation was to determine if this membrane contains neural elements suggestive of sensory innervation with nociceptive function. Spines of four embalmed and three non-embalmed human cadavers were dissected using a sagittal approach to the neural foramen. Seventeen samples of the peridural membrane overlying the neural foramen were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Chromagin tagged antibodies to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and S-100, and fluorescent antibodies to substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were used to label neural structures in tissue sections cut from paraffin embedded blocks. This approach allows good visualization of all neural elements, small sensory, and nociceptive nerve fibers in particular. Neural elements were found in all samples. Marked presence of small nerve fibers was observed in 12 of 15 samples. IHC and TEM evaluation revealed myelinated as well as unmyelinated fibers in the peridural membrane. CGRP and substance P immunoreactive fibers indicative of nociceptive function were abundant. These findings confirm and expand evidence that the peridural membrane in human is well innervated and contains sensory nociceptive nerve fibers suggestive of a nociceptive function of the membrane.
authors: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
authors: Hemmo A
authors: HA
authors: Bosscher
authors: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Heavner
authors: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
authors: Petar
authors: P
authors: Grozdanov
authors: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
authors: Irfan A
authors: IA
authors: Warraich
authors: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
authors: Mitchell S
authors: MS
authors: Wachtel
authors: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Dertien
mesh_terms: D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
keywords: PGP9.5; back pain; innervation; nerve fibers; neural foramen; nociception; peridural membrane; spine