title: Deriving human ENS lineages for cell therapy and drug discovery in Hirschsprung disease.
abstract: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest component of the autonomic nervous system, with neuron numbers surpassing those present in the spinal cord. The ENS has been called the 'second brain' given its autonomy, remarkable neurotransmitter diversity and complex cytoarchitecture. Defects in ENS development are responsible for many human disorders including Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). HSCR is caused by the developmental failure of ENS progenitors to migrate into the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the distal colon. Human ENS development remains poorly understood owing to the lack of an easily accessible model system. Here we demonstrate the efficient derivation and isolation of ENS progenitors from human pluripotent stem (PS) cells, and their further differentiation into functional enteric neurons. ENS precursors derived in vitro are capable of targeted migration in the developing chick embryo and extensive colonization of the adult mouse colon. The in vivo engraftment and migration of human PS-cell-derived ENS precursors rescue disease-related mortality in HSCR mice (Ednrb(s-l/s-l)), although the mechanism of action remains unclear. Finally, EDNRB-null mutant ENS precursors enable modelling of HSCR-related migration defects, and the identification of pepstatin A as a candidate therapeutic target. Our study establishes the first, to our knowledge, human PS-cell-based platform for the study of human ENS development, and presents cell- and drug-based strategies for the treatment of HSCR.
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Faranak
authors: F
authors: Fattahi
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Julius A
authors: JA
authors: Steinbeck
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: Kriks
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Tchieu
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Bastian
authors: B
authors: Zimmer
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Kishinevsky
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Nadja
authors: N
authors: Zeltner
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: Mica
authors: Molecular Pharmacology Program, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Wael
authors: W
authors: El-Nachef
authors: Molecular Pharmacology Program, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Huiyong
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: Molecular Pharmacology Program, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: de Stanchina
authors: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Gershon
authors: Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Pediatric Surgery, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
authors: Tracy C
authors: TC
authors: Grikscheit
authors: Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Shuibing
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA.|Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: Lorenz
authors: L
authors: Studer
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002465:Cell Movement; D002469:Cell Separation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D010436:Pepstatins / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C000588596:EDNRB protein, human; D010436:Pepstatins; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; C031375:pepstatin