title: Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers of NAFLD.
abstract: Conventional imaging modalities, including ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR), play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by allowing noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. However, conventional imaging modalities are limited as biomarkers of NAFLD for various reasons. Multi-parametric quantitative MRI techniques overcome many of the shortcomings of conventional imaging and allow comprehensive and objective evaluation of NAFLD. MRI can provide unconfounded biomarkers of hepatic fat, iron, and fibrosis in a single examination-a virtual biopsy has become a clinical reality. In this article, we will review the utility and limitation of conventional US, CT, and MR imaging for the diagnosis NAFLD. Recent advances in imaging biomarkers of NAFLD are also discussed with an emphasis in multi-parametric quantitative MRI.
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: Kinner
authors: Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine, Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Scott B
authors: SB
authors: Reeder
authors: Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Road, NE2.210B, Dallas, TX, 75390-9085, USA. Takeshi.Yokoo@UTSouthwestern.edu.
authors: Takeshi
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-6931
authors: T
authors: Yokoo
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Imaging biomarker; Magnetic resonance imaging; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Proton density fat fraction; Steatosis