title: Sex differences in reported and objectively measured sleep in COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to assess and compare reported sleep disturbances and objectively measured sleep in men and women with COPD compared with controls and also explore sex differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 96 patients with COPD and 90 age- and sex-matched controls answered a sleep questionnaire, underwent ambulatory polysomnography, a post-bronchodilatory spirometry, and blood sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients with COPD, 51% reported sleep disturbances as compared with 31% in controls (P=0.008). Sleep disturbances were significantly more prevalent in males with COPD compared with controls, whereas there was no significant difference in females. The use of hypnotics was more common among patients with COPD compared with controls, both in men (15% vs 0%, P=0.009) and women (36% vs 16%, P=0.03). The men with COPD had significantly longer recorded sleep latency than the male control group (23 vs 9.3 minutes, P<0.001), while no corresponding difference was found in women. In men with COPD, those with reported sleep disturbances had lower forced vital capacity, higher C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The COPD was associated with impaired sleep in men while the association was less clear in women. This was also confirmed by recorded longer sleep latency in male subjects with COPD compared with controls.
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Theorell-Haglöw
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland; Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors: Inga Sif
authors: IS
authors: Ólafsdóttir
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland; Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors: Bryndís
authors: B
authors: Benediktsdóttir
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland; Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors: Thórarinn
authors: T
authors: Gíslason
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Lindberg
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Christer
authors: C
authors: Janson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012107:Research Design; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; polysomnography; quality of sleep; sex; sleep