title: Amniotic membrane-assisted trabeculectomy for refractory glaucoma with corneal disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the cases of six consecutive patients who underwent amniotic membrane (AM)-assisted trabeculectomy (TLE) to treat refractory glaucoma with severe corneal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved six patients (three males and three females, mean age: 69.5±15.8 years) with refractory glaucoma and severe corneal disorders. The surgical procedure for each patient involved trabecular tissue being excised, and human AM then being placed epithelial side up on the corneal surface, sutured at the limbal sclera, and flipped over onto the sclera to cover the TLE area. The remaining edge of the AM was then inserted into the subconjunctival space and sutured. Medical records of all cases were reviewed with regard to intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and condition of the filtering bleb and ocular surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean observation period was 69.5±15.8 months, and mean IOP at presurgery and at 1, 3, and 7 years postoperative was 40.3±6.9, 23.0±12.1, 25.6±12.8, and 28.5±19.1 mmHg, respectively. Glaucoma medications decreased from 3.0±1.1 drugs (presurgery) to 0.8±1.0 drugs (7 years postoperative). However, in some cases, ocular surface conditions or visual acuity worsened during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using AM as an internal patch for TLE, moderately good IOP control was obtained initially for the refractory glaucoma with severe corneal disorders; however, ocular surface conditions required special care, and the long-term IOP control was limited in some cases.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Mori
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Ikeda
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Maruyama
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Shigeta
authors: S
authors: Naruse
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Morio
authors: M
authors: Ueno
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Kinoshita
keywords: amniotic membrane; refractory glaucoma; trabeculectomy