title: Synergistic Combination of Electrolysis and Electroporation for Tissue Ablation.
abstract: Electrolysis, electrochemotherapy with reversible electroporation, nanosecond pulsed electric fields and irreversible electroporation are valuable non-thermal electricity based tissue ablation technologies. This paper reports results from the first large animal study of a new non-thermal tissue ablation technology that employs "Synergistic electrolysis and electroporation" (SEE). The goal of this pre-clinical study is to expand on earlier studies with small animals and use the pig liver to establish SEE treatment parameters of clinical utility. We examined two SEE methods. One of the methods employs multiple electrochemotherapy-type reversible electroporation magnitude pulses, designed in such a way that the charge delivered during the electroporation pulses generates the electrolytic products. The second SEE method combines the delivery of a small number of electrochemotherapy magnitude electroporation pulses with a low voltage electrolysis generating DC current in three different ways. We show that both methods can produce lesion with dimensions of clinical utility, without the need to inject drugs as in electrochemotherapy, faster than with conventional electrolysis and with lower electric fields than irreversible electroporation and nanosecond pulsed ablation.
authors: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors: Michael K
authors: MK
authors: Stehling
authors: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors: Enric
authors: E
authors: Guenther
authors: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Mikus
authors: Institut fuer Bildgebende Diagnostik - Tumortherapy Center, R&D, Offenbach, Germany.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Klein
authors: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors: Liel
authors: L
authors: Rubinsky
authors: Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland.
authors: Boris
authors: B
authors: Rubinsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004560:Electricity; D053672:Electrochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004572:Electrolysis; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography