title: Estrogen receptor beta and ovarian cancer: a key to pathogenesis and response to therapy.
abstract: Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological tumors. Estrogen receptors (ERs) seem to participate in tumor progression even in the absence of estrogens. Twenty years after the cloning of the second estrogen receptor, a wide spectrum of studies have shown its implication in both physiologic and pathologic pathways. ERβ, being the predominant type of ER in normal ovary tissue, has not only been linked with pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, but also with response to treatment. Unlike ERα, which is primarily linked with cell growth, ERβ presence is prominent in signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.
  
  
  
  Literature review of relevant published material (from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases) was conducted.
  
  
  
  Polymorphisms in the respective ESR2 gene, epigenetic modifications and isoforms of the receptor have been extensively studied to assess potential correlations with responsiveness to treatment and tumor behavior. Studies on the exact roles of ERβ and its genetic variations in altering effectiveness and toxicity of ovarian cancer treatment regimens are lacking.
  
  
  
  Clinical utilization of ERβ actions in the management of ovarian cancer is discussed in an up-to-date review.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilpon Kyriakidis Street 1, 546 36, Thessaloniki, Greece. kiriakidis.yiannis@gmail.com.
authors: Ioannis
authors: 0000-0002-8153-9643
authors: I
authors: Kyriakidis
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilpon Kyriakidis Street 1, 546 36, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: Paraskevi
authors: P
authors: Papaioannidou
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D020033:Protein Isoforms
keywords: ER beta isoforms; ER beta polymorphisms; ESR2; Epigenetic modifications; Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ); Ovarian cancer; Pharmacogenomics