title: Inflammatory cytokines and plasma redox status responses in hypertensive subjects after heat exposure.
abstract: Hypertension is characterized by a pro-inflammatory status, including redox imbalance and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be exacerbated after heat exposure. However, the effects of heat exposure, specifically in individuals with inflammatory chronic diseases such as hypertension, are complex and not well understood. This study compared the effects of heat exposure on plasma cytokine levels and redox status parameters in 8 hypertensive (H) and 8 normotensive (N) subjects (age: 46.5±1.3 and 45.6±1.4 years old, body mass index: 25.8±0.8 and 25.6±0.6 kg/m2, mean arterial pressure: 98.0±2.8 and 86.0±2.3 mmHg, respectively). They remained at rest in a sitting position for 10 min in a thermoneutral environment (22°C) followed by 30 min in a heated environmental chamber (38°C and 60% relative humidity). Blood samples were collected before and after heat exposure. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using sandwich ELISA kits. Plasma redox status was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Hypertensive subjects showed higher plasma levels of IL-10 at baseline (P<0.05), although levels of this cytokine were similar between groups after heat exposure. Moreover, after heat exposure, hypertensive individuals showed higher plasma levels of soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR1) and lower TBARS (P<0.01) and FRAP (P<0.05) levels. Controlled hypertensive subjects, who use angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitors), present an anti-inflammatory status and balanced redox status. Nevertheless, exposure to a heat stress condition seems to cause an imbalance in the redox status and an unregulated inflammatory response.
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: S F
authors: SF
authors: Fonseca
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Mendonça
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Teles
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: V G C
authors: VG
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Tossige-Gomes
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: C D C
authors: CD
authors: Neves
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Rocha-Vieira
authors: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors: L H R
authors: LH
authors: Leite
authors: Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors: D D
authors: DD
authors: Soares
authors: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Coimbra
authors: Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
authors: A C R
authors: AC
authors: Lacerda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances