title: Comparison of the effects of magnesium and ketamine on postoperative pain and morphine consumption. A double-blind randomized controlled clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of magnesium sulfate and ketamine on postoperative pain and total morphine consumption in a placebo-controlled design.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty women scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Postoperatively, when the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was four or more, IV-PCA morphine was applied to all patients. The patients were randomized into three groups: Group K ketamine, Group M magnesium, and Group C saline received as infusion. Total morphine consumption for 48h, pain scores, adverse effects, and patients' satisfaction were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total morphine consumption was significantly lower in Group K (32.6±9.2 mg) than in Group M (58.9±6.5 mg) and in Group C (65.7±8.2 mg). The satisfaction level of patients in Group K was higher than the other two groups (p<0.05). Pruritus and nausea were observed more frequently in Group C. CONCLUSİON: The addition of ketamine to IV-PCA morphine reduces the total consumption of morphine without psychotic effects; however, magnesium did not influence morphine consumption.
authors: School of Medicine, Karabuk University, Turkey.
authors: Müge
authors: M
authors: Arıkan
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Zekai Tahir Burak Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Bilge
authors: B
authors: Aslan
authors: School of Medicine, Karabuk University, Turkey.
authors: Osman
authors: O
authors: Arıkan
authors: School of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Eyüp
authors: E
authors: Horasanlı
authors: School of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Abdulkadir
authors: A
authors: But
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D007649:Ketamine; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D009020:Morphine