title: Carcinogenesis associated with parasites other than Schistosoma, Opisthorchis and Clonorchis: A systematic review.
abstract: Only three helminths (Schistosoma haematobium, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis) are directly associated with carcinogenesis in humans whereas the role of other parasites in cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a systematic review to identify recent insights in the role of other parasite infections in carcinogenesis. We conducted systematic searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE on July 2015. Our primary outcome was the association between parasitic infections and carcinogenesis. Out of 1,266 studies, 19 were selected for detailed evaluation (eight for helminths and 11 for protozoa). The mechanisms of helminth-induced cancer included chronic inflammation, sustained proliferation, modulation of the host immune system, reprogramming of glucose metabolism and redox signaling, induction of genomic instability and destabilization of suppressor tumor proteins, stimulation of angiogenesis, resisting cell death, and activation of invasion and metastasis. In addition to the current knowledge, the following parasites were found in cancers or tumors: Echinococcus, Strongyloides, Fasciola, Heterakis, Platynosomum and Trichuris. Additional parasites were found in this systematic review that could potentially be associated with cancers or tumors but further evidence is needed to elaborate a cause-effect relationship.
authors: Research Scientist, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, School of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av Honorio Delgado 430, Urb. Ingeniería, Lima, 31, Peru.|Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Spain, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I + D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Machicado
authors: Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.|Instituto De Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors: Luis A
authors: LA
authors: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D003003:Clonorchiasis / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000150:complications*
keywords: carcinogenesis; helminths; parasite infection; protozoa