title: Evaluation of a Veress needle for the fluid egress system of stifle arthroscopy in toy dog breeds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a Veress needle as a fluid egress system for stifle arthroscopy in toy dog breeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric canine stifle joints (n = 32) were prepared to induce an artificial intra-articular haemorrhagic effect, followed by stifle arthroscopy. The stifles were randomly assigned to one of three groups, and a fluid egress portal was established using a Veress needle (VN), a standard egress cannula (SE), or an intravenous catheter stylet (CS). Time to establish the egress portal, arthroscopic visibility, and egress portal performance were evaluated during the arthroscopy. After the arthroscopic examinations, iatrogenic cartilage lesions were identified and analysed using the percentage area of cartilage damage (%ACD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall arthroscopic visibility and egress portal performance were not significantly different among the groups. The egress portal establishment was faster for the VN (33 sec) and the CS (34 sec) groups than for the SE (43 sec) group (p = 0.001). On gross joint examination, no iatrogenic laceration was found in the VN group, whereas four out of 10 of the SE and two out of 10 of the CS specimens had linear cartilage excoriation on the stifle joints. The %ACD score of the VN group was lower than those of the SE group (p = 0.009) and the CS group (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Veress needle method used in this study was useful to establish a fluid egress system and limit iatrogenic cartilage excoriations. This technique could become the method of choice for stifle arthroscopy, especially in smaller dogs.
authors: Jae-Gwan
authors: JG
authors: Cha
authors: Hae Beom
authors: HB
authors: Lee
authors: Hye-Yeon
authors: HY
authors: Cheong
authors: Su-Young
authors: SY
authors: Heo
authors: Guillaume R. Ragetly, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil, 94110, France, Phone: +33 1498 58300, E-mail: gragetly@fregis.com.
authors: Guillaume R
authors: GR
authors: Ragetly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D001826:Body Fluids; D049628:Body Size; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects; D013264:Stifle / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Stifle; Veress needle; arthroscopy; dog; egress portal