title: Low circulating pentraxin 3 levels in pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes and increased apoB/apoA ratio: a 5-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an essential component of innate immunity and independently associated with the risk of developing vascular events. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between GDM, cardiovascular risk, and plasma PTX3 in pregnancy and at 5 years after the index pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based prospective cohort included 300 women who had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during pregnancy. Five years later, the OGTT was repeated along with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, lipid analysis, and pulse wave velocity analysis. Fasting PTX3 levels were measured four times during pregnancy and at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTX3 levels were lower early in pregnancy and at 5 years follow-up in women who developed GDM. PTX3 levels throughout pregnancy were associated with body mass index. Low PTX3 levels in early pregnancy were predictive of an increased apoB/apoA ratio at 5-year follow-up. PTX3 at 5-year follow-up was inversely correlated with multiple metabolic risk factors for CVD, including body composition, arterial stiffness, dyslipidemia and previous GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that low plasma concentration of PTX3 in early pregnancy is associated with subsequent development of GDM and with an enhanced risk for CVD as estimated by an elevated apoB/apoA ratio at 5 years postpartum.
authors: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. tove.lekva@rr-research.no.|Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. tove.lekva@rr-research.no.
authors: Tove
authors: T
authors: Lekva
authors: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. Annika.michelsen@rr-research.no.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Annika.michelsen@rr-research.no.
authors: Annika Elisabeth
authors: AE
authors: Michelsen
authors: Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. jens.bollerslev@medisin.uio.no.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. jens.bollerslev@medisin.uio.no.
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Bollerslev
authors: Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. enorwitz@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.|Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. enorwitz@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.
authors: Errol R
authors: ER
authors: Norwitz
authors: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. pal.aukrust@ous-hf.no.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. pal.aukrust@ous-hf.no.|Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. pal.aukrust@ous-hf.no.
authors: Pål
authors: P
authors: Aukrust
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. tore.henriksen@ous-hf.no.|Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. tore.henriksen@ous-hf.no.
authors: Tore
authors: T
authors: Henriksen
authors: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. thor.ueland@medisin.uio.no.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. thor.ueland@medisin.uio.no.
authors: Thor
authors: T
authors: Ueland
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000097:blood*; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins; C569471:APOB protein, human