title: Plankton networks driving carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean.
abstract: The biological carbon pump is the process by which CO2 is transformed to organic carbon via photosynthesis, exported through sinking particles, and finally sequestered in the deep ocean. While the intensity of the pump correlates with plankton community composition, the underlying ecosystem structure driving the process remains largely uncharacterized. Here we use environmental and metagenomic data gathered during the Tara Oceans expedition to improve our understanding of carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean. We show that specific plankton communities, from the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum, correlate with carbon export at 150 m and highlight unexpected taxa such as Radiolaria and alveolate parasites, as well as Synechococcus and their phages, as lineages most strongly associated with carbon export in the subtropical, nutrient-depleted, oligotrophic ocean. Additionally, we show that the relative abundance of a few bacterial and viral genes can predict a significant fraction of the variability in carbon export in these regions.
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.|Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors: Lionel
authors: L
authors: Guidi
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.|Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.|Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Chaffron
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Evolution Paris Seine, F-75005, Paris, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.
authors: Lucie
authors: L
authors: Bittner
authors: LINA UMR 6241, Université de Nantes, EMN, CNRS, 44322 Nantes, France.
authors: Damien
authors: D
authors: Eveillard
authors: LINA UMR 6241, Université de Nantes, EMN, CNRS, 44322 Nantes, France.
authors: Abdelhalim
authors: A
authors: Larhlimi
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Roux
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.|Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Youssef
authors: Y
authors: Darzi
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.
authors: Stephane
authors: S
authors: Audic
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors: Léo
authors: L
authors: Berline
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Brum
authors: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Luis Pedro
authors: LP
authors: Coelho
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors: Julio Cesar Ignacio
authors: JCI
authors: Espinoza
authors: Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: Shruti
authors: S
authors: Malviya
authors: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Sunagawa
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Dimier
authors: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.|Directors' Research European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstr. 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany.
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Kandels-Lewis
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Picheral
authors: CEA - Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry France.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Poulain
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.|Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Searson
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Stemmann
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Not
authors: Aix Marseille Université CNRS IGS UMR 7256 13288 Marseille France.
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Hingamp
authors: Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France.
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Speich
authors: Dept of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
authors: Mick
authors: M
authors: Follows
authors: School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, USA.
authors: Lee
authors: L
authors: Karp-Boss
authors: School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, USA.
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Boss
authors: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Ogata
authors: PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.|MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
authors: Stephane
authors: S
authors: Pesant
authors: CEA - Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry France.|CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry France.|Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry France.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Weissenbach
authors: CEA - Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry France.|CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry France.|Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry France.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Wincker
authors: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 Barcelona E08003 Spain.
authors: Silvia G
authors: SG
authors: Acinas
authors: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.|Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Peer
authors: P
authors: Bork
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.
authors: Colomban
authors: C
authors: de Vargas
authors: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Iudicone
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors: Matthew B
authors: MB
authors: Sullivan
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.|Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.|Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Jeroen
authors: J
authors: Raes
authors: Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France.|Directors' Research European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstr. 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Karsenti
authors: Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Bowler
authors: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Gorsky
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D005101:Expeditions; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005843:Geography; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010933:Plankton / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D046940:Synechococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll; D002244:Carbon