title: Maternal Infections During Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Child.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for cerebral palsy. The relationship between extra-amniotic infections and cerebral palsy is less well studied. We examined maternal intra-amniotic and extra-amniotic infections and risk of cerebral palsy in the child.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among a retrospective cohort of 6 million Californian births, 1991-2001, we analyzed administrative maternal and newborn hospital discharge abstracts linked to records of all children receiving services for cerebral palsy at the California Department of Developmental Services. We identified maternal hospital diagnoses of intra-amniotic (chorioamnionitis) and extra-amniotic (other genitourinary and respiratory) infections occurring up to 12 months before delivery. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the independent association between maternal infections and cerebral palsy, adjusting for infant sex, maternal age, race, education, socioeconomic status, and obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 5.5% of mothers had a hospital discharge diagnosis of at least one of the following: chorioamnionitis (2.0%), other genitourinary (3.1%), and respiratory infection (0.6%). An infection diagnosis was more common in mothers of the 8473 infants with cerebral palsy than in mothers of unaffected children (13.7% vs 5.5%, P < 0.001). All three types of maternal infections (chorioamnionitis, odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9-3.4; other genitourinary infection, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6; and respiratory infection, OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.2) were associated with cerebral palsy in multivariable analyses. Maternal extra-amniotic infections, whether diagnosed during prenatal or birth hospitalizations, conferred an increased risk of cerebral palsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal extra-amniotic infections diagnosed in the hospital during pregnancy are associated with a modestly increased risk of cerebral palsy in the child.
authors: Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Pediatric Brain Center, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: joshua.bear@ucsf.edu.
authors: Joshua J
authors: JJ
authors: Bear
authors: Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Pediatric Brain Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Yvonne W
authors: YW
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cerebral palsy; chorioamnionitis; epidemiology; neonatal neurology; prenatal infection