title: The effect of bergamot on dyslipidemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Statins are the most common used lipid lowering drugs but they may cause adverse effects and despite their well-established therapeutic benefits residual cardiovascular (CV) risk remains. The use of other lipid lowering drugs and nutraceuticals alone or as add-on lipid-modifying therapy can be an option in such cases. Several studies have reported health-related properties of the Citrus fruits, among which bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) differs from others by particularly high content of certain compounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on the effects of bergamot on lipid parameters based on studies involving animals and humans.
  This natural supplement may lead to effective lipid-lowering treatment. Its lipid-lowering activity is attributed to different flavonoids. However, the exact mechanisms involved remain unclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is expected that ongoing and future studies will confirm the benefit of bergamot in dyslipidemic and other cardiometabolic disorders, potentially leading to reduced overall CV risk.
authors: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors: Rosaria Vincenza
authors: RV
authors: Giglio
authors: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors: Angelo Maria
authors: AM
authors: Patti
authors: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors: Dragana
authors: D
authors: Nikolic
authors: Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Li Volti
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors: Khalid
authors: K
authors: Al-Rasadi
authors: Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: Niki
authors: N
authors: Katsiki
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London, UK.
authors: Dimitri P
authors: DP
authors: Mikhailidis
authors: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Montalto
authors: Department of Development and Regeneration, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Ekaterina
authors: E
authors: Ivanova
authors: Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research (Skolkovo), Moscow, Russia.
authors: Alexander N
authors: AN
authors: Orekhov
authors: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: manfredi.rizzo@unipa.it.
authors: Manfredi
authors: M
authors: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Bergamot; Cardiovascular risk; Dyslipidemia; LDL cholesterol