title: Cool Bands: Wing bands decrease rate of heating, but not equilibrium temperature in Anartia fatima.
abstract: Butterflies regulate their internal thoracic temperature in order to optimize performance activities (e.g. flight, foraging). Previous research has shown that butterfly wings, particularly the innermost portions, play a role in thermoregulation. We investigated to see whether a lightly colored wing band would alter the thermal properties of the banded peacock butterfly (Anartia fatima) with two within subject experiments in a laboratory setting: (1) band color manipulation in which euthanized individuals were heated to thermal equilibrium with the band unaltered and then again with the wing darkened; (2) wing ablation in which individuals already run through experiment 1 were heated to equilibrium two more times; once with the outer portion of the wing including the band removed and then with the entire wing removed. Individuals were spread so that the dorsal surface of the wing was exposed to illumination from a lamp suspended above. Twelve Anartia fatima males were collected in Panama and were run through experiment one. Four individuals were run through experiment two. We found no effect of darkening the band on the internal thoracic equilibrium temperature, but the darkened band did increase the rate of heating. The wing ablation experiment revealed that wing removal lowered the internal thoracic equilibrium temperature but did not affect the heating rate. Therefore we show that butterfly bands may be important in butterfly thermoregulation and we discuss the importance of the wing band on thermoregulatory abilities in Anartia fatima with respect to the butterfly's natural history. We conclude that the wing band may allow butterflies to reduce heat stress induced by their warm environments.
authors: Department of Life Sciences, San Diego City College, San Diego 92101, United States. Electronic address: jbrashea@sdccd.edu.
authors: Jake
authors: J
authors: Brashears
authors: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Electronic address: aielloa@si.edu.
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Aiello
authors: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, United States. Electronic address: brett.seymoure@asu.edu.
authors: Brett M
authors: BM
authors: Seymoure
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002080:Butterflies / Q000502:physiology*; D006361:Heating; D008297:Male; D010858:Pigmentation; D013696:Temperature; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Butterfly Coloration; Radiation; Reflectance; Thermoregulation