title: All Roads Lead to Rome: Exploring Human Migration to the Eternal City through Biochemistry of Skeletons from Two Imperial-Era Cemeteries (1st-3rd c AD).
abstract: Migration within the Roman Empire occurred at multiple scales and was engaged in both voluntarily and involuntarily. Because of the lengthy tradition of classical studies, bioarchaeological analyses must be fully contextualized within the bounds of history, material culture, and epigraphy. In order to assess migration to Rome within an updated contextual framework, strontium isotope analysis was performed on 105 individuals from two cemeteries associated with Imperial Rome-Casal Bertone and Castellaccio Europarco-and oxygen and carbon isotope analyses were performed on a subset of 55 individuals. Statistical analysis and comparisons with expected local ranges found several outliers who likely immigrated to Rome from elsewhere. Demographics of the immigrants show men and children migrated, and a comparison of carbon isotopes from teeth and bone samples suggests the immigrants may have significantly changed their diet. These data represent the first physical evidence of individual migrants to Imperial Rome. This case study demonstrates the importance of employing bioarchaeology to generate a deeper understanding of a complex ancient urban center.
authors: Department of Anthropology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States of America.
authors: Kristina
authors: K
authors: Killgrove
authors: Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D055699:Cemeteries; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D049690:History, Ancient; D063426:Human Migration / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D018644:Roman World; D012384:Rome; D012737:Sex Factors; D013325:Strontium Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D014070:Tooth / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D013325:Strontium Isotopes