title: The impact of childhood maltreatment on redox state: Relationship with oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses in adolescents with no psychiatric disorder.
abstract: Early life stress (ELS) has been associated with biological and psychosocial alterations due to developmental reprogramming. Here, we investigated whether childhood maltreatment is associated with an imbalance between the production of oxidative markers and antioxidant defenses. Thirty adolescents with no psychiatric disorder but reporting childhood maltreatment and twenty-seven adolescents with no psychiatric disorder and no history of ELS were recruited for the study. Childhood maltreatment was investigated by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Redox state was estimated by plasma levels of protein carbonylation, total thiol content (SH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP). Childhood maltreatment was associated with oxidative stress as shown by increased protein carbonylation. Interestingly, adolescents exposed to maltreatment also displayed higher SOD levels, TRAP kinetics and reduced GPx levels when compared with adolescents who had not undergone childhood maltreatment. No significant differences were observed for SH levels. Taken together, we provide novel evidence indicating that childhood maltreatment is associated with increased oxidative stress markers in otherwise healthy adolescents.
authors: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Carine Hartmann
authors: CH
authors: do Prado
authors: Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress (NEPTE), Postgraduate Program in Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Grassi-Oliveira
authors: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Andréa
authors: A
authors: Wieck
authors: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Aline
authors: A
authors: Zaparte
authors: Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress (NEPTE), Postgraduate Program in Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Ledo Daruy
authors: LD
authors: Filho
authors: Centro de Estudos em estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Maurilio
authors: M
authors: da Silva Morrone
authors: Centro de Estudos em estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: José C
authors: JC
authors: Moreira
authors: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: mebauer@pucrs.br.
authors: Moisés Evandro
authors: ME
authors: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002649:Child Abuse; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant biomarkers; Childhood maltreatment; Early life stress; Oxidative stress