title: A Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Weltevreden, an Emerging Agent of Diarrheal Disease in Tropical Regions.
abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden) is an emerging cause of diarrheal and invasive disease in humans residing in tropical regions. Despite the regional and international emergence of this Salmonella serovar, relatively little is known about its genetic diversity, genomics or virulence potential in model systems. Here we used whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to define the phylogenetic structure of a diverse global selection of S. Weltevreden. Phylogenetic analysis of more than 100 isolates demonstrated that the population of S. Weltevreden can be segregated into two main phylogenetic clusters, one associated predominantly with continental Southeast Asia and the other more internationally dispersed. Subcluster analysis suggested the local evolution of S. Weltevreden within specific geographical regions. Four of the isolates were sequenced using long read sequencing to produce high quality reference genomes. Phenotypic analysis in Hep-2 cells and in a murine infection model indicated that S. Weltevreden were significantly attenuated in these models compared to the classical S. Typhimurium reference strain SL1344. Our work outlines novel insights into this important emerging pathogen and provides a baseline understanding for future research studies.
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.|The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Carine
authors: C
authors: Makendi
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Page
authors: The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Brendan W
authors: BW
authors: Wren
authors: The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Tu
authors: T
authors: Le Thi Phuong
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Clare
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Hale
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Goulding
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors: Elizabeth J
authors: EJ
authors: Klemm
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: Pickard
authors: The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Chinyere
authors: C
authors: Okoro
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Hunt
authors: The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Corinne N
authors: CN
authors: Thompson
authors: The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Nguyen
authors: N
authors: Phu Huong Lan
authors: The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Nhu
authors: N
authors: Tran Do Hoang
authors: The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Guy E
authors: GE
authors: Thwaites
authors: Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Le Hello
authors: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Brisabois
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.|Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.
authors: François-Xavier
authors: FX
authors: Weill
authors: The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.|The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Baker
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.|The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Dougan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins