title: Removal of Trace Pharmaceuticals from Water using coagulation and powdered activated carbon as pretreatment to ultrafiltration membrane system.
abstract: In this study, the efficacy of water treatment technologies: ultra-filtration (UF), powdered activated carbon (PAC), coagulation (COA) and a combination of these technologies (PAC/UF and COA/UF) to remove target pharmaceuticals (Acetaminophen, Bezafibrate, Caffeine, Carbamazepine, Cotinine, Diclofenac, Gemfibrozil, Ibuprofen, Metoprolol, Naproxen, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamethazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfathiazole, Triclosan and Trimethoprim) was investigated. Samples of wastewater from municipal WWTPs were analyzed using direct aqueous injection High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) detection. On concentration basis, results showed an average removal efficiency of 29%, 50%, and 7%, respectively, for the UF, PAC dosage of 50ppm, and COA dosage of 10ppm. When PAC dosage of 100ppm was used as pretreatment to the combined PAC and UF in-line membrane system, a 90.3% removal efficiency was achieved. The removal efficiency of UF in tandem with COA was 33%, an increase of 4% compared with the single UF treatment. The adsorption effect of PAC combined with the physical separation process of UF revealed the best treatment strategy for removing pharmaceutical contaminant from water.
authors: Purdue Water Institute, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN, USA. Electronic address: scgseven@gmail.com.
authors: Chenguang
authors: C
authors: Sheng
authors: Purdue Water Institute, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN, USA. Electronic address: nnanna@purduecal.edu.
authors: A G Agwu
authors: AGA
authors: Nnanna
authors: Purdue Water Institute, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN, USA. Electronic address: yangheliu11@gmail.com.
authors: Yanghe
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: State Hygienic Laboratory, University of Iowa, Coralville, IA, USA. Electronic address: john-vargo@uiowa.edu.
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Vargo
mesh_terms: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Coagulation; Lake Michigan; Membrane ultra-filtration; Pharmaceutical Contaminants; Powdered Activated Carbon; Waste water Treatment