title: Bioactive Constituents of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Licorice): Discovery of the Effective Components of a Traditional Herbal Medicine.
abstract: Traditional herbal medicines have been reported to possess significant bioactivities. In this investigation, a combined strategy using both phytochemical and biological approaches was conducted to discern the effective components of licorice, a widely used herbal medicine. Altogether, 122 compounds (1-122), including six new structures (1-6), were isolated and identified from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice). These compounds were then screened using 11 cell- and enzyme-based bioassay methods, including Nrf2 activation, NO inhibition, NF-κB inhibition, H1N1 virus inhibition, cytotoxicity for cancer cells (HepG2, SW480, A549, MCF7), PTP1B inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, and AChE inhibition. A number of bioactive compounds, particularly isoprenylated phenolics, were found for the first time. Echinatin (7), a potent Nrf2 activator, was selected as an example for further biological work. It attenuated CCl4-induced liver damage in mice (5 or 10 mg/kg, ip) and thus is responsible, at least in part, for the hepatoprotective activity of licorice.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Ji
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ziwei
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Song
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yongrui
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wenfei
authors: W
authors: Liang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shunan
authors: S
authors: Tang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Qiao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Demin
authors: D
authors: Zhou
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Siwang
authors: S
authors: Yu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006035:Glycyrrhiza / Q000737:chemistry; D029882:Glycyrrhiza uralensis / Q000737:chemistry; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C548244:ACHE protein, human; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C018336:indicine; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; C516607:PTPN1 protein, human; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids