title: Why Do Females Use Botulinum Toxin Injections?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum toxin (BT) use for enhancing the facial features has become a commonly accepted form of aesthetic intervention. This study conducted a self-report survey of female BT users in order to explore the motivating factors in its use (cost-benefit analysis).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional exploratory pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report questionnaires were administered to 41 consecutive clients attending an independent medical practice for BT injections for cosmetic purposes. All the participants were females and represented a range of age groups from the 20s to above 60s. Items in the nonstandardized questionnaire elicited questions relating to the reasons for and against BT use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analysis was used rather than inferential statistics, and involved ranking the responses according to the most likely reasons for using BT and disadvantages of its use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, the primary motivating factor for BT use was to improve self-esteem, and the greatest disadvantage involved financial costs associated with the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main findings of this study suggest that females who use BT for aesthetic purposes are motivated by personal psychological gains (intrapersonal attributes) rather than social gains (interpersonal factors). In other words, they do not believe that having BT will equate to being treated any better by other people but would rather provide them with confidence and satisfaction regarding their self-image.
authors: Cosmetic Doctors, Cosmedocs, 8-10 Harley Street, London, W1G 9PF, UK.
authors: Carter
authors: C
authors: Singh
authors: Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Lodge Two, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
authors: Amarjit
authors: A
authors: Dulku
authors: Cosmetic Doctors, Cosmedocs, 8-10 Harley Street, London, W1G 9PF, UK.
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Haq
authors: Cosmetic Doctors, Cosmedocs, 8-10 Harley Street, London, W1G 9PF, UK.
authors: Tayyab
authors: T
authors: Bhatti
authors: Cosmetic Doctors, Cosmedocs, 8-10 Harley Street, London, W1G 9PF, UK.
authors: Aqib
authors: A
authors: Bhatti
keywords: Appearance-related behavior; botulinum toxin (BT); self-esteem