title: Bound Phenolics of Quinoa Seeds Released by Acid, Alkaline, and Enzymatic Treatments and Their Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Effects.
abstract: Unextractable phenolics from plant foods and their role in health benefits have become increasingly important. Meal residues of three quinoa seeds free of fat and extractable phenolics were subjected to acid, alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolyses. The total and individual phenolic compounds released were analyzed, and 19 phenolics, predominantly phenolic acids and several flavonoids, were identified. The concentration of bound phenolics was highest in black quinoa followed by red and white, regardless of the hydrolysis method. Higher phenolic contents also showed stronger antioxidant activities and inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities. Carbohydrases, that is, pectinase, xylanase and feruloyl esterase, which effectively liberated bound phenolics are known to be secreted by colonic bacteria, suggesting potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by these compounds in the large intestine during colonic fermentation. These results can also be applied to treat foods high in bound phenolics to enhance bioaccessibility.
authors: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.|Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
authors: Yao
authors: Y
authors: Tang
authors: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.|State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors: Xihong
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.|Department of Food Science, University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
authors: Peter X
authors: PX
authors: Chen
authors: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
authors: Ronghua
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Tsao
mesh_terms: D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008049:Lipase; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: antioxidant activities; bound phenolics; enzyme; hydrolysis; pancreatic lipase; quinoa; α-glucosidase