title: Short report: self-reported psychopathic traits in Finnish and Dutch samples of non-referred adolescents: exploration of cultural differences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Culture-related differences in psychopathic traits have been reported for adults, but for adolescents such knowledge is lacking. The aim of this cross-national study was to compare self-reported psychopathic traits between Finnish and Dutch samples of mid-adolescent community youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) was filled in by 372 Finnish and 474 Dutch 15- to 16-year-old pupils. As gender-specific differences exist in psychopathic traits, we analyzed the data separately for boys and girls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dutch boys scored significantly higher than Finnish boys on total and all dimensional scores of the YPI as well as on most sub-dimensional scores. Dutch girls scored significantly higher than Finnish girls on the Affective dimension and on the two corresponding sub-dimensions: remorselessness and callousness. Finnish girls scored significantly higher on grandiosity, which loads to the Interpersonal dimension of the YPI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that culture influences the manifestation of psychopathic traits already in adolescence and that this relation is more prominent in boys.
authors: Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 282, 00029 HUS, Helsinki Finland.
authors: Svetlana
authors: S
authors: Oshukova
authors: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland ; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, 33380 Pitkäniemi, Finland.
authors: Riittakerttu
authors: R
authors: Kaltiala-Heino
authors: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Sanne
authors: S
authors: Hillege
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Corine
authors: C
authors: de Ruiter
authors: Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 282, 00029 HUS, Helsinki Finland.
authors: Grigori
authors: G
authors: Joffe
authors: Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Oulu University, Oulu, Finland ; Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Jouko
authors: J
authors: Miettunen
authors: Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Oulu University, Oulu, Finland ; Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Riikka
authors: R
authors: Marttila
authors: Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 590, 00029 HUS, Helsinki Finland ; Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Mauri
authors: M
authors: Marttunen
authors: Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University, 20014 Turku, Finland ; Hospital District of Central Ostrobothnia, Mariankatu, 16-20, 67200 Kokkola, Finland.
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Kaivosoja
authors: Forensic Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, 04500 Kellokoski, Finland.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Lindberg
keywords: Adolescents; Cultural differences; Psychopathic traits