title: Routes Countries Can Take To Achieve Full Ownership Of Immunization Programs.
abstract: A goal of the Global Vaccine Action Plan, led by the World Health Organization, is country ownership by 2020, defined here as the point when a country fully finances its routine immunization program with domestic resources. This article reports the progress made toward country ownership in twenty-two lower- and lower-middle-income countries engaged in the Sabin Vaccine Institute's Sustainable Immunization Financing Program. We focus on new practices developed in the key public institutions concerned with immunization financing, budget and resource tracking, and legislation, using case studies as examples. Our analysis found that many countries are undertaking new funding mechanisms to reach financing goals. However, budget transparency remains a problem, as only eleven of the twenty-two countries have performed sequential analyses of their immunization program budgets. Promisingly, six countries (Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, Nepal, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda) are creating new national immunization funding sources that are backed by legislation. Seven countries already have laws regarding immunization, and new immunization legislative projects are under way in thirteen others.
authors: Michael McQuestion (mike.mcquestion@sabin.org) is director of the Sustainable Immunization Financing Program at the Sabin Vaccine Institute, in Washington, D.C.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: McQuestion
authors: Andrew Carlson is a program coordinator at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Carlson
authors: Khongorzul Dari is a senior program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Khongorzul
authors: K
authors: Dari
authors: Devendra Gnawali is a senior program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Devendra
authors: D
authors: Gnawali
authors: Clifford Kamara is a senior program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Clifford
authors: C
authors: Kamara
authors: Helene Mambu-Ma-Disu is a senior program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Helene
authors: H
authors: Mambu-Ma-Disu
authors: Jonas Mbwanque is a senior program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Jonas
authors: J
authors: Mbwanque
authors: Diana Kizza is a senior program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Kizza
authors: Dana Silver is a program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Silver
authors: Eka Paatashvili is a senior program officer at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.
authors: Eka
authors: E
authors: Paatashvili
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D005380:Financing, Government; D014943:Global Health; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010067:Ownership; D014612:Vaccines / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Developing World < International/global health studies; Financing Health Care; Health Economics; Health Spending; Legal/Regulatory Issues