title: Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Vascular Anomalies on the Vermilion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vermilion plays an important role in both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial anatomy. Due to its structural features, the complete excision of vascular anomalies on the vermilion is challenging, making it difficult to determine the appropriate treatment strategy. Thus, the authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of vascular anomalies on the vermilion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 38 patients with vascular anomalies on the vermilion who underwent surgery from 1995 to 2013 were analyzed. Nine of the cases had an involuted hemangioma, and 29 cases had a vascular malformation; of the vascular malformations, 13, 11, one, and four cases involved were capillary malformations (CMs), venous malformations (VMs), lymphatic malformations (LMs), and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), respectively. We investigated the surgical methods used to treat these patients, the quantity of surgical procedures, complications and instances of recurrence, and self-assessed satisfaction scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 operations were carried out: 28 horizontal partial excisions, eight vertical partial excisions, and 14 operations using other surgical methods. All cases of AVM underwent complete excision. Six cases experienced minor complications and one case of recurrence was observed. The overall average satisfaction score was 4.1 out of 5, while the satisfaction scores associated with each lesion type were 4.2 for hemangiomas, 3.9 for CMs, 4.2 for VMs, 5.0 for LMs, and 4.0 for AVMs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is difficult to completely excise vascular anomalies that involve the vermilion. This study suggests that partial excision focused on correcting the overall contour of the lips is effective and leads to satisfactory results.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors: Sang Min
authors: SM
authors: Park
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors: Yong Chan
authors: YC
authors: Bae
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors: Jae Woo
authors: JW
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors: Hoon Soo
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors: In Sook
authors: IS
authors: Lee
keywords: Follow-up studies; Hemangioma; Treatment outcome; Vascular malformations