title: Uremic Toxicity-Induced Eryptosis and Monocyte Modulation: The Erythrophagocytosis as a Novel Pathway to Renal Anemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the effect of uremia on red blood cell (RBC) eryptosis, CD14++/CD16+ monocytes and erythrophagocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  RBC and monocytes from chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3/4 (P-CKD3/4) or hemodialysis (HD) patients and healthy controls (HCs) cells incubated with sera pools from patients with CKD stages 2/3 (S-CKD2/3) or 4/5 (S-CKD4/5) were evaluated to assess eryptosis, monocyte phenotypes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by cytometer. Erythrophagocytosis was evaluated by subsequent co-incubation of preincubated HC-monocytes and autologous-RBC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HC-eryptosis (1.3 ± 0.9%) was lower than in HD (4.3 ± 0.5%) and HC-RBC incubated with S-CKD4/5 (5.6 ± 1%). CD14++/CD16+ were augmented in P-CKD3/4 (34.6 ± 8%) and HC-monocytes incubated with S-CKD4/5 (26.4 ± 7%) than in HC (5.4 ± 1%). In these cells, ROS was increased (44.5 ± 9%; control 9.6 ± 2%) and inhibited by N-acetylcysteine (25 ± 13%). Erythrophagocytosis was increased in CD14++/CD16+ (60.8 ± 10%) than in CD14++/CD16- (15.5 ± 2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sera pools from CKD patients increase eryptosis and promote a proinflammatory monocyte phenotype. Both processes increased erythrophagocytosis, thereby suggesting a novel pathway for renal anemia.
authors: Pontifx00ED;cia Universidade Catx00F3;lica do Paranx00E1;, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Natalia Borges
authors: NB
authors: Bonan
authors: Thiago M
authors: TM
authors: Steiner
authors: Viktoriya
authors: V
authors: Kuntsevich
authors: Grazia Maria
authors: GM
authors: Virzì
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Azevedo
authors: Lia Sumie
authors: LS
authors: Nakao
authors: Fellype Carvalho
authors: FC
authors: Barreto
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Ronco
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Thijssen
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kotanko
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Pecoits-Filho
authors: Andréa N
authors: AN
authors: Moreno-Amaral
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D000072817:Eryptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007106:Immune Sera; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D000111:Acetylcysteine