title: Role of new biomarkers for the diagnosis of nephropathy associated with diabetes type 2.
abstract: In twenty first century, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMt2) dramatically increases, followed by the number of patients suffering from its complications. Currently, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of renal replacement therapy. Often, DMt2 is diagnosed after several years of duration, and irreversible organ damage can develop during that period. On the other hand, the early diag- nosis of DKD in the preclinical phase, when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is still maintained and there are no evident changes in urinalysis, gives the possibility of implementing the nephroprotective treatment that can significantly delay the progression of the disease. However, the diagnostic tests available in clinical practice, i.e. serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria have important limitations. There is a need for new, early and non-invasive biomarkers specific for kidney injury, allowing for differentiation between glomerular and tubular injury, and changing dynamically in response to the degree of kidney damage. Hereby, we review the current knowledge about the novel and emerging biomarkers of kidney injury and their used for the diagnosis of DKD.
authors: St'Queen Jadwiga Clinical District Hospital No2, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Żyłka
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Gala-Błądzińska
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Rybak
authors: Paulina
authors: P
authors: Dumnicka
authors: Ryszard
authors: R
authors: Drożdż
authors: Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. mbkusnie@cyf-kr.edu.pl.
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Kuśnierz-Cabala
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: biomarkers; diabetes mellitus type 2; diabetic kidney disease