title: Higher augmentation index is associated with tension-type headache and migraine in middle-aged/older humans with obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic daily headaches, including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). Although migraine is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a relation between TTH and CVD risk has not been established. It was hypothesized that higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) and augmentation index (AI), measures of aortic stiffness and pressure wave reflection, respectively, and biomarkers of CVD risk, would be higher among adults with obesity and migraine or TTH compared with those with no headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with obesity (n = 93; body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) ) who were between 40 and 75 years old with at least one additional CVD risk factor were enrolled. Subjects had CFPWV and AI assessed and a complete neurological exam for diagnosis of headache in the past 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults with obesity and TTH (P = 0.018), but not migraine (P = 0.29), had significantly higher AI compared with those with no headache. When both CFPWV and AI were considered in a logistic regression model with migraine or TTH, only AI was associated with TTH (P = 0.008) and migraine (P = 0.032) but could not distinguish between the two headache phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased aortic AI but not stiffness is associated with TTH and migraine among middle-aged/older adults with obesity and high CVD risk.
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Graziela Z
authors: GZ
authors: Kalil
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Recober
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Hoang-Tienor
authors: Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.|Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Bridget Zimmerman
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.|Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Haynes
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.|Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.|UI Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.|Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Gary L
authors: GL
authors: Pierce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers