title: People-Technology-Ecosystem Integration: A Framework to Ensure Regional Interoperability for Safety, Sustainability, and Resilience of Interdependent Energy, Water, and Seafood Sources in the (Persian) Gulf.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to identify the interdependencies of human and organizational subsystems of multiple complex, safety-sensitive technological systems and their interoperability in the context of sustainability and resilience of an ecosystem.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent technological disasters with severe environmental impact are attributed to human factors and safety culture causes. One of the most populous and environmentally sensitive regions in the world, the (Persian) Gulf, is on the confluence of an exponentially growing number of two industries--nuclear power and seawater desalination plants--that is changing its land- and seascape.
  
  
  METHODS
  Building upon Rasmussen's model, a macrosystem integrative framework, based on the broader context of human factors, is developed, which can be considered in this context as a "meta-ergonomics" paradigm, for the analysis of interactions, design of interoperability, and integration of decisions of major actors whose actions can affect safety and sustainability of the focused industries during routine and nonroutine (emergency) operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the emerging realities in the Gulf region, it is concluded that without such systematic approach toward addressing the interdependencies of water and energy sources, sustainability will be only a short-lived dream and prosperity will be a disappearing mirage for millions of people in the region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This multilayered framework for the integration of people, technology, and ecosystem--which has been applied to the (Persian) Gulf--offers a viable and vital approach to the design and operation of large-scale complex systems wherever the nexus of water, energy, and food sources are concerned, such as the Black Sea.
authors: University of Southern California, Los Angeles meshkati@usc.edu.
authors: Najmedin
authors: N
authors: Meshkati
authors: California State University, Northridge.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Tabibzadeh
authors: University of Southern California, Los AngelesCalifornia State University, NorthridgeUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Farshid
authors: University of Southern California, Los AngelesCalifornia State University, NorthridgeUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles.
authors: Mansour
authors: M
authors: Rahimi
authors: University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
authors: Ghena
authors: G
authors: Alhanaee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004777:Environment; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D019156:Indian Ocean; D009678:Nuclear Energy; D059205:Renewable Energy; D017747:Seafood; D012623:Seawater
keywords: accident analysis; macroergonomics (“meta-ergonomics”) and environment; nuclear power; seawater desalination; system design and analysis