title: The Relationship Between Greater Prepubertal Adiposity, Subsequent Age of Maturation, and Bone Strength During Adolescence.
abstract: This longitudinal study investigated whether greater prepubertal adiposity was associated with subsequent timing of maturation and bone strength during adolescence in 135 girls and 123 boys participating in the Iowa Bone Development Study. Greater adiposity was defined using body mass index (BMI) data at age 8 years to classify participants as overweight (OW, ≥85th percentile for age and sex) or healthy weight (HW). Maturation was defined as the estimated age of peak height velocity (PHV) based on a series of cross-sectional estimates. Measurements were taken at ages 11, 13, 15, and 17 years for estimates of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone compression (bone strength index), and torsion strength (polar strength-strain index) at the radius and tibia by pQCT, and femoral neck bending strength (section modulus) by hip structural analysis. Bone strength in OW versus HW were evaluated by fitting sex-specific linear mixed models that included centered age (visit age - grand mean age of cohort) as the time variable and adjusted for change in fat mass, and limb length in model 1. Analyses were repeated using biological age (visit age - age PHV) as the time variable for model 1 with additional adjustment for lean mass in model 2. BMI was negatively associated with age of maturation (p < 0.05). OW versus HW girls had significantly greater bone strength (p < 0.001) in model 1, whereas OW versus HW boys had significantly greater bone strength (p < 0.001) at the tibia and femoral neck but not radius (p > 0.05). Analyses were repeated using biological age, which yielded reduced parameter estimates for girls but similar results for boys (model 1.) Differences were no longer present after adjustment for lean mass (model 2) in girls (p > 0.05) whereas differences at the tibia were sustained in boys (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate sex- and site-specific differences in the associations between adiposity, maturation, and bone strength. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
authors: Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, The University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Natalie A
authors: NA
authors: Glass
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: James C
authors: JC
authors: Torner
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Elena M
authors: EM
authors: Letuchy
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Trudy L
authors: TL
authors: Burns
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Kathleen F
authors: KF
authors: Janz
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Julie M
authors: JM
authors: Eichenberger Gilmore
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Janet A
authors: JA
authors: Schlechte
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Levy
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development
keywords: BONE QCT; BONE-FAT INTERACTIONS; DXA; GENERAL POPULATION STUDY; OSTEOPOROSIS