title: Construction of a Transcription Map for Papillomaviruses using RACE, RNase Protection, and Primer Extension Assays.
abstract: Papillomaviruses are a family of small, non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses. Knowing a complete transcription map of each papillomavirus genome can provide guidance for various papillomavirus studies. This unit provides detailed protocols to construct a transcription map of human papillomavirus type 18. The same approach can be easily adapted to other transcription map studies of any other papillomavirus genotype due to the high degree of conservation in genome structure, organization, and gene expression among papillomaviruses. The focused methods are 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), which are techniques commonly used in molecular biology to obtain full-length RNA transcript or to map a transcription start site (TSS) or an RNA polyadenylation (pA) cleavage site. Primer walking RT-PCR is a method for studying the splicing junction of RACE products. In addition, RNase protection assay and primer extension are also introduced as alternative methods in the mapping analysis.
authors: Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland.
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland.
authors: Zhi-Ming
authors: ZM
authors: Zheng
mesh_terms: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D012260:Ribonucleases
keywords: RACE; RPA; papillomaviruses; primer extension; primer walking; transcription map