title: Impaired skeletal health in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), destruction of gastric parietal cells causes anacidity and hypergastrinemia. Use of proton pump inhibitors, which also induces gastric anacidity, is associated with increased fracture rates. Our objectives were to study possible differences in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality in patients with CAG compared to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study on 17 CAG patients aged 54 ± 13 years and 41 sex- and age-matched controls. Lumbar and femoral BMD and bone quality assessed by lumbar trabecular bone score (TBS) were measured by DXA, and bone material strength (BMS) by microindentation of the tibia. Serum bone markers (CTX, P1NP, sclerostin, osteocalcin, OPG, RANKL) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found lower lumbar BMD Z-score (-0.324 ± 1.096 versus 0.456 ± 1.262, p = 0.030), as well as a higher frequency of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine (p = 0.046) and osteopenia at total hip (p = 0.019) in patients compared to controls. In a post hoc subgroup analysis, we observed that the differences were confined to the male patients. TBS also tended to be lower in male patients (p = 0.059), while BMS did not differ between the groups. Osteocalcin, sclerostin, OPG, and OPG/RANKL ratio were lower in patients compared to controls, while CTX and P1NP did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed lower lumbar BMD, increased frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in male, but not female patients with CAG. Bone markers suggest a decrease in bone formation and increased bone resorption in CAG patients compared to controls.
authors: a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;|b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;
authors: Kristin Matre
authors: KM
authors: Aasarød
authors: a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;
authors: Mats Peder
authors: MP
authors: Mosti
authors: a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;
authors: Astrid Kamilla
authors: AK
authors: Stunes
authors: c Department of Biomaterials , Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo , Norway ;
authors: Janne Elin
authors: JE
authors: Reseland
authors: d Department of Orthopedics , St. Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;|e Department of Neuroscience , NTNU , Trondheim , Norway ;
authors: Trude
authors: T
authors: Basso
authors: a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;|f Department of Endocrinology , St. Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway.
authors: Unni
authors: U
authors: Syversen
authors: a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;|b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;
authors: Reidar
authors: R
authors: Fossmark
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced; D001862:Bone Resorption; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: Achlorhydria; atrophic gastritis; bone density; microindentation; trabecular bone score