title: Antiepileptic use for epilepsy and nonepilepsy disorders: A population-based study (1998-2013).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the trends in antiepileptic drug (AED) use among individuals living in Manitoba with and without a history of epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data obtained from administrative health databases in Manitoba, we assessed the quarterly prevalence of AED use between 1998 and 2013 among individuals with and without a history of epilepsy using cross-sectional time series analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the study period, the number of individuals prescribed AEDs increased more than 3-fold, from 8,883 to 27,246. The prevalence of AED use among patients with epilepsy increased by 3%, from 789.6 per 1,000 in 1998/1999 to 813.9 per 1,000 in 2012/2013 (p < 0.001 after 2006). In contrast, we observed a 210% increase in AED use among patients without epilepsy from 6.8 to 21.1 per 1,000 over the same period (p < 0.001). We observed a 55-fold rise in gabapentin use among patients without a seizure disorder (from 0.2 to 11.1 per 1,000; p < 0.001), while gabapentin use among those with epilepsy increased only 2-fold, from 21.6 to 41.3 per 1,000 (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been a marked increase in the prevalence of AED users over the last 15 years, with a large shift towards the use of newer antiepileptic agents (primarily gabapentin) among those without epilepsy. Further research on the effect of these trends on health and economic outcomes will be of interest for clinicians and policymakers.
authors: From the College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apotex Centre (C.L.), and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine (M.Y.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (M.M.M., T.G.), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (M.M.M., T.G., D.N.J., E.M.M.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (M.M.M.); and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology (D.N.J.), Sunnybrook, Toronto, Canada. christine.leong@umanitoba.ca.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Leong
authors: From the College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apotex Centre (C.L.), and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine (M.Y.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (M.M.M., T.G.), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (M.M.M., T.G., D.N.J., E.M.M.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (M.M.M.); and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology (D.N.J.), Sunnybrook, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Muhammad M
authors: MM
authors: Mamdani
authors: From the College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apotex Centre (C.L.), and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine (M.Y.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (M.M.M., T.G.), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (M.M.M., T.G., D.N.J., E.M.M.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (M.M.M.); and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology (D.N.J.), Sunnybrook, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Tara
authors: T
authors: Gomes
authors: From the College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apotex Centre (C.L.), and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine (M.Y.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (M.M.M., T.G.), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (M.M.M., T.G., D.N.J., E.M.M.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (M.M.M.); and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology (D.N.J.), Sunnybrook, Toronto, Canada.
authors: David N
authors: DN
authors: Juurlink
authors: From the College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apotex Centre (C.L.), and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine (M.Y.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (M.M.M., T.G.), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (M.M.M., T.G., D.N.J., E.M.M.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (M.M.M.); and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology (D.N.J.), Sunnybrook, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Erin M
authors: EM
authors: Macdonald
authors: From the College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apotex Centre (C.L.), and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine (M.Y.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (M.M.M., T.G.), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (M.M.M., T.G., D.N.J., E.M.M.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (M.M.M.); and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology (D.N.J.), Sunnybrook, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Yogendran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000639:trends; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants