title: Trait anxiety but not state anxiety level associates with biomarkers for hypertension in the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Various studies link hypertension with anxiety; however, it remains unclarified if such relations are present in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We studied cross-sectionally the interrelations of self-reported anxiety (Spielberger STAI), and MetS components in MetS patients. We investigated a nationally sampled treatment cohort for MetS with familial Type 2 diabetes risk. N = 101 patients fulfilling International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS participated. Both laboratory and nonlaboratory measures were included. Structural equation models (SEM) were adjusted. The final SEM had an R(2)  = .998 with the obesity component linking to waist, BMI, and degree of adiposity, and the hypertension component linking to systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, total cholesterol, and trait anxiety. For state anxiety, no significant regressive causal path could be estimated. SEM supports the assumption of an interaction of pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol metabolism, and high trait anxiety in the pathophysiology of hypertension in MetS.
authors: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Alexandra V
authors: AV
authors: Lemche
authors: Section of Neuroses and Somatoform Disorders, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors: Oleg S
authors: OS
authors: Chaban
authors: Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: Lemche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Cohort studies; Cross-sectional design; Metabolic syndrome; National sample; Pulse pressure; Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Structural equation modeling