title: Violation of eating expectancies does not reduce conditioned desires for chocolate.
abstract: Although eating desires can be easily learned, their extinction appears more difficult. The present two-session study aimed to investigate the role of eating expectancies in the short and longer-term extinction of eating desires. In addition, the relationship between eating desires and conditioned evaluations was examined to test whether they might share a similar mechanism. It was hypothesized that the short-term extinction of eating desires would be more successful after the disconfirmation of eating expectancies (instructed extinction or IE), while resulting in worse longer-term extinction because omission of the food reward during extinction is not surprising. In contrast to the hypotheses, it was found that IE had no effect on the short-term and longer-term extinction of eating desires. Eating desires correlated with conditioned evaluations only to some extent. It is concluded that eating expectancies do not mediate the short-term extinction of conditioned eating desires. In addition, their longer-term extinction does not appear to be facilitated by a greater violation of eating expectancies. This suggests that it might not be necessary to focus on expectancy violation in cue exposure therapy to reduce eating desires.
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: karolien.vandenakker@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors: Karolien
authors: K
authors: van den Akker
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Myrr
authors: M
authors: van den Broek
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Remco C
authors: RC
authors: Havermans
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D002182:Candy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069956:Chocolate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D003463:Cues; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000523:psychology; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D009426:Netherlands; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012201:Reward; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Appetitive conditioning; Cue exposure therapy; Expectancy violation; Extinction; Instructed extinction; Spontaneous recovery