title: Clinical neuroprediction: Amygdala reactivity predicts depressive symptoms 2 years later.
abstract: Depression is linked to increased amygdala activation to neutral and negatively valenced facial expressions. Amygdala activation may be predictive of changes in depressive symptoms over time. However, most studies in this area have focused on small, predominantly female and homogenous clinical samples. Studies are needed to examine how amygdala reactivity relates to the course of depressive symptoms dimensionally, prospectively and in populations diverse in gender, race and socioeconomic status. A total of 156 men from predominately low-income backgrounds completed an fMRI task where they viewed emotional facial expressions. Left and right amygdala reactivity to neutral, but not angry or fearful, facial expressions relative to a non-face baseline at age 20 predicted greater depressive symptoms 2 years later, controlling for age 20 depressive symptoms. Heightened bilateral amygdala reactivity to neutral facial expressions predicted increases in depressive symptoms 2 years later in a large community sample. Neutral facial expressions are affectively ambiguous and a tendency to interpret these stimuli negatively may reflect to cognitive biases that lead to increases in depressive symptoms over time. Individual differences in amygdala reactivity to neutral facial expressions appear to identify those at most risk for a more problematic course of depressive symptoms across time.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors: Whitney I
authors: WI
authors: Mattson
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, LukeHyde@umich.edu.
authors: Luke W
authors: LW
authors: Hyde
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Daniel S
authors: DS
authors: Shaw
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Erika E
authors: EE
authors: Forbes
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors: Christopher S
authors: CS
authors: Monk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adolescence; amygdala; depression; development; emotion; facial expression