title: Improved Constraints on Cosmology and Foregrounds from BICEP2 and Keck Array Cosmic Microwave Background Data with Inclusion of 95 GHz Band.
abstract: We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2 and Keck Array cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 95 GHz. The maps reach a depth of 50 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in the 150 GHz band and 127 nK deg in the 95 GHz band. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available maps from WMAP and Planck at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz. An excess over lensed ΛCDM is detected at modest significance in the 95×150 BB spectrum, and is consistent with the dust contribution expected from our previous work. No significant evidence for synchrotron emission is found in spectra such as 23×95, or for correlation between the dust and synchrotron sky patterns in spectra such as 23×353. We take the likelihood of all the spectra for a multicomponent model including lensed ΛCDM, dust, synchrotron, and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r) using priors on the frequency spectral behaviors of dust and synchrotron emission from previous analyses of WMAP and Planck data in other regions of the sky. This analysis yields an upper limit r_{0.05}<0.09 at 95% confidence, which is robust to variations explored in analysis and priors. Combining these B-mode results with the (more model-dependent) constraints from Planck analysis of CMB temperature plus baryon acoustic oscillations and other data yields a combined limit r_{0.05}<0.07 at 95% confidence. These are the strongest constraints to date on inflationary gravitational waves.
authors: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
authors: P A R
authors: PA
authors: Ade
authors: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.|Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Ahmed
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Aikin
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: Alexander
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Barkats
authors: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Benton
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Bischoff
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.|Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Bock
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bowens-Rubin
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Brevik
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Buder
authors: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bullock
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.|Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Buza
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Connors
authors: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: B P
authors: BP
authors: Crill
authors: Service des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, France.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Duband
authors: Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Dvorkin
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.|Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Filippini
authors: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fliescher
authors: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Grayson
authors: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Halpern
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Harrison
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Hilton
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hui
authors: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.|Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.|National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: Irwin
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Karkare
authors: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Karpel
authors: Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Kaufman
authors: Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors: B G
authors: BG
authors: Keating
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kefeli
authors: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Kernasovskiy
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.|Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Kovac
authors: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.|Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Kuo
authors: Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Leitch
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lueker
authors: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: K G
authors: KG
authors: Megerian
authors: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.|Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada.
authors: C B
authors: CB
authors: Netterfield
authors: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: H T
authors: HT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.|Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: O'Brient
authors: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.|Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Ogburn
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.|Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Orlando
authors: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.|School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pryke
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Richter
authors: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Schwarz
authors: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.|Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors: C D
authors: CD
authors: Sheehy
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.|Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: Z K
authors: ZK
authors: Staniszewski
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Steinbach
authors: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
authors: R V
authors: RV
authors: Sudiwala
authors: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.|Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors: G P
authors: GP
authors: Teply
authors: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.|Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Thompson
authors: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Tolan
authors: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tucker
authors: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Turner
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.|Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Vieregg
authors: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Weber
authors: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
authors: D V
authors: DV
authors: Wiebe
authors: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Willmert
authors: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.|Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Wong
authors: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: W L K
authors: WL
authors: Wu
authors: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.|Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: K W
authors: KW
authors: Yoon