title: Educational trajectories and inequalities of political engagement among adolescents in England.
abstract: Through analysing longitudinal data this article explores the effect of education trajectories between the ages 14-19 on voting and protesting at age 20 taking into account both type of education (vocational/academic) and level of qualifications (Levels 1-3). We find that these trajectories exert an independent effect on both outcomes. Gaining low level qualifications (up to Level 2) and in particular low level vocational qualifications diminishes the chances of political participation relative to Level 3 and academic qualifications. Whilst a wider range of qualifications are conducive to voting, only Level 3 academic qualifications support protesting relative to other qualifications. Post-14 education thus seems to make protesting more of an elite affair. Considering that the vast majority of students in the vocational and lower-level pathways come from low SES families, the undermining influence of these pathways on political participation will be felt disproportionally among the group of socially disadvantaged students.
authors: Roehampton University, UK. Electronic address: Bryony.Hoskins@Roehampton.ac.uk.
authors: Bryony
authors: B
authors: Hoskins
authors: University College London, Institute of Education, UK.
authors: Jan Germen
authors: JG
authors: Janmaat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D004522:Educational Status; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011057:Politics; D012919:Social Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Austerity; Democracy; Education; Inequalities; Logistic regression; Political participation; Protest; Qualification; Selection; Voting