title: Children with recurrent pneumonia and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent pneumonia (RP) is one of the most frequent causes of pediatric non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis (BE) and a consequent accelerated decline in lung function. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical records of children with RP in attempt to identify factors that may lead to an early suspicion of non-CF BE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded the demographic and clinical data, and lung function test results of children without CF attending our outpatient RP clinic between January 2009 to December 2013 who had undergone chest high-resolution computed tomography ≥ 8 weeks after an acute pneumonia episode and ≤ 6 months before enrolment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study involved 42 patients with RP: 21 with and 21 without non-CF BE. The most frequent underlying diseases in both groups were chronic rhinosinusitis with post-nasal drip and recurrent wheezing (81 % and 71.4 % of those with, and 85.7 % and 71.4 % of those without BE). FEV1 and FEF25-75 values were significantly lower in the children with non-CF BE than in those without (77.9 ± 17.8 vs 96.8 ± 12.4, p = 0.004; 69.3 ± 25.6 vs 89.3 ± 21.9, p = 0.048). Bronchodilator responsiveness was observed in seven children with BE (33.3 %) and two without (9.5 %; p = 0.13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced FEV1 and FEF25-75 values seem associated with an increased risk of developing non-CF BE in children with RP. This suggests a need for further studies to confirm the diagnostic usefulness use of spirometry in such cases.
authors: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. f.patria@policlinico.mi.it.
authors: Maria Francesca
authors: MF
authors: Patria
authors: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. benedetta.longhi@gmail.com.
authors: Benedetta
authors: B
authors: Longhi
authors: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. mara.lelii87@gmail.com.
authors: Mara
authors: M
authors: Lelii
authors: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. hollie1979@yahoo.it.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Tagliabue
authors: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. maria.favero@policlinico.mi.it.
authors: Marinella
authors: M
authors: Lavelli
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. carlotta.galeone@marionegri.it.
authors: Carlotta
authors: C
authors: Galeone
authors: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. nicola.principi@unimi.it.
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Principi
authors: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. susanna.esposito@unimi.it.
authors: Susanna
authors: S
authors: Esposito
mesh_terms: D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012008:Recurrence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors