title: Surgical and Oncological Factors Affecting the Successful Engraftment of Patient-derived Xenografts in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To effectively use pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in translational research, successful PDX engraftment of surgical specimens in immune-deficient mice is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 patients underwent pancreatic cancer resection using various procedures. Tumor tissue from all patents was implanted subcutaneously into mice. Tumor engraftment and growth in mice were determined. Engraftment was tested for correlation with operation type, time, tumor size, and oncogene expression using immunohistoculture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis showed that a tumor size of more than 3.5 cm in the patient was a significant factor related to successful PDX engraftment. In contrast, there was no correlation of engraftment with surgical procedure, time needed to remove the specimen, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and protein expression of p53, Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (CERBB2), or deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus 4 (DPC4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minimum tumor size in the patient is an important factor for successful tumor engraftment.
authors: Departments of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eunsung
authors: E
authors: Jun
authors: Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jaeyoon
authors: J
authors: Jung
authors: Center for Advancing Cancer Therapeutics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seong-Yun
authors: SY
authors: Jeong
authors: Center for Advancing Cancer Therapeutics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun Kyung
authors: EK
authors: Choi
authors: Metabio, Inc. Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Moon Bo
authors: MB
authors: Kim
authors: Metabio, Inc. Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji Sun
authors: JS
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung-Mo
authors: SM
authors: Hong
authors: Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyang Sook
authors: HS
authors: Seol
authors: Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Changmo
authors: C
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Hoffman
authors: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: In Kyong
authors: IK
authors: Shim
authors: Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea drksc@amc.seoul.kr suhwan.chang@amc.seoul.kr.
authors: Suhwan
authors: S
authors: Chang
authors: Departments of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea drksc@amc.seoul.kr suhwan.chang@amc.seoul.kr.
authors: Song Cheol
authors: SC
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; correlation; engraftment; non-SCID mice; patient; patient-derived xenografts; tumor resection; tumor size