title: Respiratory Viruses Associated Hospitalization among Children Aged <5 Years in Bangladesh: 2010-2014.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We combined hospital-based surveillance and health utilization survey data to estimate the incidence of respiratory viral infections associated hospitalization among children aged < 5 years in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveillance physicians collected respiratory specimens from children aged <5 years hospitalized with respiratory illness and residing in the primary hospital catchment areas. We tested respiratory specimens for respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, human metapneumovirus, influenza, adenovirus and rhinoviruses using rRT-PCR. During 2013, we conducted a health utilization survey in the primary catchment areas of the hospitals to determine the proportion of all hospitalizations for respiratory illness among children aged <5 years at the surveillance hospitals during the preceding 12 months. We estimated the respiratory virus-specific incidence of hospitalization by dividing the estimated number of hospitalized children with a laboratory confirmed infection with a respiratory virus by the population aged <5 years of the catchment areas and adjusted for the proportion of children who were hospitalized at the surveillance hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We estimated that the annual incidence per 1000 children (95% CI) of all cause associated respiratory hospitalization was 11.5 (10-12). The incidences per 1000 children (95% CI) per year for respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus and influenza infections were 3(2-3), 0.5(0.4-0.8), 0.4 (0.3-0.6), 0.4 (0.3-0.6), and 0.4 (0.3-0.6) respectively. The incidences per 1000 children (95%CI) of rhinovirus-associated infections among hospitalized children were 5 (3-7), 2 (1-3), 1 (0.6-2), and 3 (2-4) in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that respiratory viruses are associated with a substantial burden of hospitalization in children aged <5 years in Bangladesh.
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Nusrat
authors: N
authors: Homaira
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors: Stephen P
authors: SP
authors: Luby
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Kamal
authors: K
authors: Hossain
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Kariul
authors: K
authors: Islam
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Makhdum
authors: M
authors: Ahmed
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Mustafizur
authors: M
authors: Rahman
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Ziaur
authors: Z
authors: Rahman
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Repon C
authors: RC
authors: Paul
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Mejbah Uddin
authors: MU
authors: Bhuiyan
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.|Bloomberg School of Public, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors: W Abdullah
authors: WA
authors: Brooks
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Badrul Munir
authors: BM
authors: Sohel
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Kajal Chandra
authors: KC
authors: Banik
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors: Marc-Alain
authors: MA
authors: Widdowson
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors: Melisa
authors: M
authors: Willby
authors: Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Mahmudur
authors: M
authors: Rahman
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Bresee
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors: Katharine-Sturm
authors: KS
authors: Ramirez
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Azziz-Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*