title: Physiological responses during exposure to carbon dioxide and bioeffluents at levels typically occurring indoors.
abstract: Twenty-five subjects were exposed to different levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and bioeffluents. The ventilation rate was set high enough to create a reference condition of 500 ppm CO2with subjects present; additional CO2was then added to supply air to reach levels of 1000 or 3000 ppm, or the ventilation rate was reduced to allow metabolically generated CO2to reach the same two levels (bioeffluents increased as well). Heart rate, blood pressure, end-tidal CO2(ETCO2), oxygen saturation of blood (SPO2), respiration rate, nasal peak flow, and forced expiration were monitored, and the levels of salivary α-amylase and cortisol were analyzed. The subjects performed a number of mental tasks during exposures and assessed their levels of comfort and the intensity of their acute health symptoms. During exposure to CO2at 3000 ppm, when CO2was added or ventilation was restricted, ETCO2increased more and heart rate decreased less than the changes that occurred in the reference condition. Exposure to bioeffluents, when metabolically generated CO2was at 3000 ppm, significantly increased diastolic blood pressure and salivary α-amylase level compared with pre-exposure levels, and reduced the performance of a cue-utilization test: These effects may suggest higher arousal/stress. A model is proposed describing how mental performance is affected by exposure to bioeffluents.
authors: School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.|International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Wargocki
authors: School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Lian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014691:Ventilation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Acute health symptoms; Carbon dioxide; Human bioeffluents; Mechanism; Mental performance; Physiological responses