title: Immunotherapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL).
abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is well known to generate impaired immune responses in the host, with the malignant clone residing in well-vascularized tissues and circulating in peripheral blood but also in close proximity to effector cells that are capable, if activated appropriately, of eliciting a cytotoxic response. These, combined with the fact that this is frequently a condition affecting older patients with co-morbidities often unfit for many "traditional" cytotoxic agents with their significant associated toxicities, make CLL an ideal candidate for the development of immunotherapy. The impressive results seen with the addition of a monoclonal antibody, rituximab, to a chemotherapy backbone, for example, is testament to how effective harnessing an immune-mediated response in CLL can be. This review serves to outline the available arsenal of immunotherapies-past and present-demonstrated to have potential in CLL with some perspectives on how the landscape in this disease may evolve in the future.
authors: John Vane Cancer Centre, Charterhouse Square, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. c.freeman@qmul.ac.uk.
authors: Ciara L
authors: CL
authors: Freeman
authors: John Vane Cancer Centre, Charterhouse Square, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors: John G
authors: JG
authors: Gribben
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab
keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Immunomodulatory drugs; Immunotherapy; Lymphoid neoplasia; Monoclonal antibody