title: The use of periodization in exercise prescriptions for inactive adults: A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodization of exercise is a method typically used in sports training, but the impact of periodized exercise on health outcomes in untrained adults is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review aims to summarize existing research wherein aerobic or resistance exercise was prescribed to inactive adults using a recognized periodization method.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of relevant databases, conducted between January and February of 2014, yielded 21 studies published between 2000 and 2013 that assessed the impact of periodized exercise on health outcomes in untrained participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial heterogeneity existed between studies, even under the same periodization method. Compared to baseline values or non-training control groups, prescribing periodized resistance or aerobic exercise yielded significant improvements in health outcomes related to traditional and emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease, low-back and neck/shoulder pain, disease severity, and quality of life, with mixed results for increasing bone mineral density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although it is premature to conclude that periodized exercise is superior to non-periodized exercise for improving health outcomes, periodization appears to be a feasible means of prescribing exercise to inactive adults within an intervention setting. Further research is necessary to understand the effectiveness of periodizing aerobic exercise, the psychological effects of periodization, and the feasibility of implementing flexible non-linear methods.
authors: Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sports Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
authors: Kelley
authors: K
authors: Strohacker
authors: Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sports Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Fazzino
authors: Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
authors: Whitney L
authors: WL
authors: Breslin
authors: Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States.
authors: Xiaomeng
authors: X
authors: Xu
keywords: Aerobic training; Health; Intervention; Periodized exercise; Resistance training; Sedentary