title: Speech recognition in noise under hearing protection: A computational study of the combined effects of hearing loss and hearing protector attenuation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of hearing protection on speech recognition in noise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computational study using a speech recognition model that was previously empirically validated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recognition scores were calculated in unprotected and protected conditions for four sets of hearing protector attenuation functions in two different noises, for three simulated hearing profiles illustrative of those anticipated in the noisy workplace.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a normal-hearing profile, recognition scores were not sensitive to the slope of the attenuation function and the overall amount of noise reduction, but protected conditions provided a small but consistent 7-12% benefit compared to unprotected listening. For profiles simulating hearing loss, recognition scores were much more sensitive to the attenuation function. Substantial drops of 30% or more were found compared to unprotected listening in some conditions of steep attenuation slopes and large noise reductions. Attenuation functions modelled from real hearing protectors with nearly-flat attenuation yielded a benefit compared to unprotected listening for all hearing profiles studied. These findings were true in both noises.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limiting the slope of the hearing protector attenuation function and/or the overall amount of noise reduction is useful and warranted for workers with hearing loss to prevent adverse effects on speech recognition.
authors: a Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Program, University of Ottawa , Ontario , Canada and.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Giguère
authors: b 3M Personal Safety Division, E•A•RCAL Laboratory , Indianapolis , USA.
authors: Elliott H
authors: EH
authors: Berger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004430:Ear Protective Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D013067:Speech Perception; D013069:Speech Reception Threshold Test
keywords: Hearing protection; hearing loss; noise; speech recognition