title: A diagnostic study in patients with sciatica establishing the importance of localization of worsening of pain during coughing, sneezing and straining to assess nerve root compression on MRI.
abstract: To test whether the localization of worsening of pain during coughing, sneezing and straining matters in the assessment of lumbosacral nerve root compression or disc herniation on MRI.
  
  
  
  Recently the diagnostic accuracy of history items to assess disc herniation or nerve root compression on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was investigated. A total of 395 adult patients with severe sciatica of 6-12 weeks duration were included in this study. The question regarding the influence of coughing, sneezing and straining on the intensity of pain could be answered on a 4 point scale: no worsening of pain, worsening of back pain, worsening of leg pain, worsening of back and leg pain. Diagnostic odds ratio's (DORs) were calculated for the various dichotomization options.
  
  
  
  The DOR changed into significant values when the answer option was more narrowed to worsening of leg pain. The highest DOR was observed for the answer option 'worsening of leg pain' with a DOR of 2.28 (95 % CI 1.28-4.04) for the presence of nerve root compression and a DOR of 2.50 (95 % CI 1.27-4.90) for the presence of a herniated disc on MRI.
  
  
  
  Worsening of leg pain during coughing, sneezing or straining has a significant diagnostic value for the presence of nerve root compression and disc herniation on MRI in patients with sciatica. This study also highlights the importance of the formulation of answer options in history taking.
authors: Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.verwoerd@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Annemieke J H
authors: AJH
authors: Verwoerd
authors: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Mens
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Abdelilah
authors: A
authors: El Barzouhi
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors: Wilco C
authors: WC
authors: Peul
authors: Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Bart W
authors: BW
authors: Koes
authors: Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Arianne P
authors: AP
authors: Verhagen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003371:Cough / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012585:Sciatica / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012912:Sneezing / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Diagnosis; Intervertebral disc displacement; Medical history taking; Pain; Sciatica; Specificity