title: Cardiac imaging of congenital heart diseases during interventional procedures continues to evolve: Pros and cons of the main techniques.
abstract: Cardiac catheterization has contributed to the progress made in the management of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). First, it allowed clarification of the diagnostic assessment of CHD, by offering a better understanding of normal cardiac physiology and the pathophysiology and anatomy of complex malformations. Then, it became an alternative to surgery and a major component of the therapeutic approach for some CHD lesions. Nowadays, techniques have evolved and cardiac catheterization is widely used to percutaneously close intracardiac shunts, to relieve obstructive valvar or vessel lesions, and for transcatheter valve replacement. Accurate imaging is mandatory to guide these procedures. Cardiac imaging during catheterization of CHD must provide accurate images of lesions, surrounding cardiac structures, medical devices and tools used to deliver them. Cardiac imaging has to be 'real-time' with an excellent temporal resolution to ensure 'eyes-hands' synchronization and 'device-target area' accurate positioning. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of conventional cardiac imaging tools used in the catheterization laboratory in daily practice, as well as the effect of recent evolution and future imaging modalities.
authors: M3C Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France; M3C CHU Toulouse, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: s.hascoet@ccml.fr.
authors: Sebastien
authors: S
authors: Hascoët
authors: M3C CHU Nantes, Nord Laennec Hospital, Nantes, France.
authors: Karine
authors: K
authors: Warin-Fresse
authors: M3C Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France; Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Alban-Elouen
authors: AE
authors: Baruteau
authors: M3C CHU Toulouse, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
authors: Khaled
authors: K
authors: Hadeed
authors: M3C CHU Toulouse, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
authors: Clement
authors: C
authors: Karsenty
authors: M3C Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France.
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Petit
authors: M3C CHU Nantes, Nord Laennec Hospital, Nantes, France.
authors: Patrice
authors: P
authors: Guérin
authors: Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Fraisse
authors: M3C CHU Toulouse, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Acar
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods
keywords: 3D echocardiography; 3D printing; Cardiopathies congénitales; Congenital heart diseases; Echonavigator(®); Fusion imaging; Imagerie de fusion; Impression 3D; Échocardiographie 3D