title: Genotypic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus α-Hemolysin Gene (hla) and Its Association with Clonal Background: Implications for Vaccine Development.
abstract: The α-hemolysin, encoded by the hla gene, is a major virulence factor in S. aureus infections. Changes in key amino acid residues of α-hemolysin can result in reduction, or even loss, of toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of the hla gene sequence and the relationship of hla variants to the clonal background of S. aureus isolates. A total of 47 clinical isolates from China were used in this study, supplemented with in silico analysis of 318 well-characterized whole genome sequences from globally distributed isolates. A total of 28 hla genotypes were found, including three unique to isolates from China, 20 found only in the global genomes and five found in both. The hla genotype generally correlated with the clonal background, particularly the multilocus sequence type, but was not related to geographic origin, host source or methicillin-resistance phenotype. In addition, the hla gene showed greater diversity than the seven loci utilized in the MLST scheme for S. aureus. Our investigation has provided genetic data which may be useful for future studies of toxicity, immunogenicity and vaccine development.
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Xiao
authors: Department of Laboratory, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Fan
authors: Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.|Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Matthew V N
authors: MV
authors: O'Sullivan
authors: Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-shenzhen, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-shenzhen, Tianjin, China.
authors: Dong-Fang
authors: DF
authors: Li
authors: Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-shenzhen, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-shenzhen, Tianjin, China.
authors: Xin-Ying
authors: XY
authors: Wang
authors: Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-shenzhen, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-shenzhen, Tianjin, China.
authors: Hong-Long
authors: HL
authors: Wu
authors: Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Fanrong
authors: F
authors: Kong
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Ying-Chun
authors: YC
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009154:Mutation; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; C487789:mecA protein, Staphylococcus aureus; C021091:staphylococcal alpha-toxin