title: Antenatal dietary and lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese and the effect on fetal growth and adiposity: the LIMIT randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the influence of maternal overweight and obesity on fetal growth and adiposity and effects of an antenatal dietary and lifestyle intervention among these women on measures of fetal growth and adiposity as secondary outcomes of the LIMIT Trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public maternity hospitals in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2), and singleton gestation between 10(+0) and 20(+0) weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were randomised to Lifestyle Advice or continued Standard Care and offered two research ultrasound scans at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound measures of fetal growth and adiposity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each fetal body composition parameter, mean Z-scores were substantially higher when compared with population standards. Fetuses of women receiving Lifestyle Advice demonstrated significantly greater mean mid-thigh fat mass, when compared with fetuses of women receiving Standard Care (adjusted difference in means 0.17; 95% CI 0.02-0.32; P = 0.0245). While subscapular fat mass increased between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation in fetuses in both treatment groups, the rate of adipose tissue deposition slowed among fetuses of women receiving Lifestyle Advice, when compared with fetuses of women receiving Standard Care (P = 0.0160). No other significant differences were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide the first evidence of changes to fetal growth following an antenatal dietary and lifestyle intervention among women who are overweight or obese.
authors: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Women's and Babies Division, Department of Perinatal Medicine, The Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Grivell
authors: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.|School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors: L N
authors: LN
authors: Yelland
authors: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Deussen
authors: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Crowther
authors: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Women's and Babies Division, Department of Perinatal Medicine, The Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Dodd
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001699:Biometry; D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Fetal body composition; fetal growth; fetal ultrasound; lifestyle intervention; overweight and obesity