title: Vitamin A status and its relationship with serum zinc concentrations among pregnant women who have previously undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate vitamin A status and its relationship with serum zinc concentrations among pregnant women who had previously undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), correlating these measures with anthropometric maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analytical prospective longitudinal study was conducted at a clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between March 3, 2008, and March 30, 2012, among women with singleton pregnancies who had previously undergone RYGB. Participants received daily oral supplementation with 5000 IU retinol and 15 mg zinc. Variables assessed included vitamin A status (serum retinol and β-carotene; gestational night blindness), serum zinc concentration, maternal anthropometry, complications during pregnancy, and perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 30 women participated. In all trimesters, more than 60% had inadequate serum levels of retinol or β-carotene. Night blindness was reported by 17 (57%) women in each trimester. Only 6 (20%) women had zinc inadequacy in the first and third trimesters. No significant association was observed between serum retinol or zinc and maternal anthropometry and birth weight. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with urinary tract infection (first trimester, P=0.020) and dumping syndrome (third trimester, P=0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite RYGB and nutritional deficiencies (especially of vitamin A and zinc) increasing risks during pregnancy, there was no apparent fetal compromise when considering the analysis of birth weight and length of pregnancy at birth.
authors: Micronutrient Research Group, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: chagas.cristiane2@gmail.com.
authors: Cristiane
authors: C
authors: Chagas
authors: Department of Nutrition and Diet, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Cláudia
authors: C
authors: Saunders
authors: Micronutrient Research Group, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Pereira
authors: Micronutrient Research Group, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Silva
authors: Micronutrient Research Group, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Saboya
authors: Micronutrient Research Group, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Andréa
authors: A
authors: Ramalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Obesity; Perinatal outcomes; Pregnancy; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Vitamin A; Zinc