title: BEST-PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR FIELD-BASED SURGERY AND ANESTHESIA ON FREE-RANGING WILDLIFE. II. SURGERY.
abstract: The principles of surgical asepsis apply to field surgeries with few exceptions. The minimum level for performance of surgeries in the field on free-ranging animals should be the same as for domestic animals undergoing surgery in animal hospitals. Surgeries in the field are typically done as part of research and management projects and usually involve a combination of biologists and veterinarians with the possibility of conflicts in scientific cultures. This article outlines a minimum standard of care for field surgeries and will serve as a resource for Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees and biologists and veterinarians planning projects that involve surgeries on free-ranging wildlife in field conditions.
authors: 1  Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors: Christine V
authors: CV
authors: Fiorello
authors: 2  Department of Clinical Sciences and Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA.
authors: Craig A
authors: CA
authors: Harms
authors: 3  Chicago Zoological Society, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, Illinois 60513, USA.
authors: Sathya K
authors: SK
authors: Chinnadurai
authors: 4  University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 W Hazelwood, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Strahl-Heldreth
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000601:surgery*; D001207:Asepsis / Q000379:methods
keywords: Biopsy; field surgery; free-ranging animals; guidelines; implantation; surgery; wildlife