title: Expression of Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Proteins in Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the difference of expression of autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related proteins in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of lacrimal gland in comparison with ACC of salivary gland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients pathologically diagnosed as lacrimal gland ACC (n=11) and salivary gland ACC (n=64) were used. Immunochemistry was used to measure expression of autophagy related proteins [beclin-1, light chain (LC) 3A, LC3B, p62, and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)] and ROS related proteins [catalase, thioredoxinreductase, glutathione S-transferasepi (GSTpi), thioredoxin interacting protein, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)]. The prognostic factors related to disease-free and overall survival (OS) in lacrimal gland ACC by log-rank tests, were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTpi in stromal cells was more highly expressed in lacrimal gland ACC (p=0.006), however, MnSOD in epithelial cells was expressed more in salivary gland ACC (p=0.046). LC3B positivity and BNIP3 positivity in epithelial component were associated with shorter disease-free survival (both p=0.002), and LC3A positivity in stromal component was the factor related to shorter OS (p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to demonstrate the expression of autophagy and ROS related proteins in lacrimal gland ACC in comparison with the salivary gland ACC, which would provide a basis for further study of autophagy and ROS mechanism as novel therapeutic targets in lacrimal gland ACC.
authors: Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ja Seung
authors: JS
authors: Koo
authors: Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ji Won
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yoonjs@yuhs.ac.
authors: Jin Sook
authors: JS
authors: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001343:Autophagy; D000071186:Beclin-1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C491997:BECN1 protein, human; C090121:BNIP3 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C486715:TXNIP protein, human
keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma; autophagy; lacrimal gland; reactive oxygen species; salivary gland