title: Going retro: Oxidative stress biomarkers in modern redox biology.
abstract: The field of redox biology is inherently intertwined with oxidative stress biomarkers. Oxidative stress biomarkers have been utilized for many different objectives. Our analysis indicates that oxidative stress biomarkers have several salient applications: (1) diagnosing oxidative stress, (2) pinpointing likely redox components in a physiological or pathological process and (3) estimating the severity, progression and/or regression of a disease. On the contrary, oxidative stress biomarkers do not report on redox signaling. Alternative approaches to gain more mechanistic insights are: (1) measuring molecules that are integrated in pathways linking redox biochemistry with physiology, (2) using the exomarker approach and (3) exploiting -omics techniques. More sophisticated approaches and large trials are needed to establish oxidative stress biomarkers in the clinical setting.
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110 Serres, Greece; Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: N V
authors: NV
authors: Margaritelis
authors: Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK.
authors: J N
authors: JN
authors: Cobley
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece; Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Paschalis
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110 Serres, Greece.
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Veskoukis
authors: Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Theodorou
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110 Serres, Greece.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kyparos
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110 Serres, Greece. Electronic address: nikolaidis@auth.gr.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Nikolaidis
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D004194:Disease; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Oxidative stress; Pathology; Physiology; Redox signaling