title: Proteomic Analyses Provide Novel Insights into Plant Growth and Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Forest Cultivated Panax ginseng (F. Ginseng).
abstract: F. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is planted in the forest to enhance the natural ginseng resources, which have an immense medicinal and economic value. The morphology of the cultivated plants becomes similar to that of wild growing ginseng (W. Ginseng) over the years. So far, there have been no studies highlighting the physiological or functional changes in F. Ginseng and its wild counterparts. In the present study, we used proteomic technologies (2DE and iTRAQ) coupled to mass spectrometry to compare W. Ginseng and F. Ginseng at various growth stages. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on protein abundance revealed that the protein expression profile of 25-year-old F. Ginseng was more like W. Ginseng than less 20-year-old F. Ginseng. We identified 192 differentially expressed protein spots in F. Ginseng. These protein spots increased with increase in growth years of F. Ginseng and were associated with proteins involved in energy metabolism, ginsenosides biosynthesis, and stress response. The mRNA, physiological, and metabolic analysis showed that the external morphology, protein expression profile, and ginsenoside synthesis ability of the F. Ginseng increased just like that of W. Ginseng with the increase in age. Our study represents the first characterization of the proteome of F. Ginseng during development and provides new insights into the metabolism and accumulation of ginsenosides.
authors: Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua UniversityJilin, China; Ginseng Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun, China.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Ma
authors: Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua University Jilin, China.
authors: Liwei
authors: L
authors: Sun
authors: Ginseng Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun, China; The first affiliated hospital to Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun, China.
authors: Xuenan
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Ginseng Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun, China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Mei
authors: Ginseng Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun, China.
authors: Guijuan
authors: G
authors: Chang
authors: Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua University Jilin, China.
authors: Manying
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Ginseng Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun, China.
authors: Daqing
authors: D
authors: Zhao
keywords: Panax ginseng; energy metabolism; ginsenosides biosynthesis; growth; proteomic analysis