title: Neighborhood Characteristics are Associated with Racial and Gender Variation in Walking among Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine variation by race and gender in the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and walking among community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal population-based cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  4,849 adults, aged > 65 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants reported the number of city blocks walked in the prior week. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) was measured at the level of the census tract. Negative binominal regression models were constructed to test the association between NSES and blocks walked. In the fully adjusted models, we included two-way and three-way interaction terms among race, gender, and NSES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted analyses, among White residents in the lowest NSES quartile (most disadvantaged), men walked 64% more than women (P<.001), while in the highest NSES (most advantaged), men walked 43% more than women (P<.001). Among African American residents in the lowest NSES quartile, men walked 196% more blocks than women (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female gender is more strongly associated with walking for African Americans than for Whites in low SES neighborhoods but had a similar association with walking for both African Americans and Whites in high SES neighborhoods.
authors: HealthCore Inc.
authors: Tingjian
authors: T
authors: Yan
authors: UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research.
authors: Li-Jung
authors: LJ
authors: Liang
authors: UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research.
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Vassar
authors: John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii.
authors: Monica Cheung
authors: MC
authors: Katz
authors: UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research.
authors: Jose J
authors: JJ
authors: Escarce
authors: University of Washington, Department of Neurology.
authors: W T Jr
authors: WT
authors: Longstreth
authors: UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics.
authors: Sharon Stein
authors: SS
authors: Merkin
authors: UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research.
authors: Arleen F
authors: AF
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D016138:Walking; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status; Physical Activity; Walking