title: Circulating Inflammatory Mediators as Potential Prognostic Markers of Human Colorectal Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment drive metastatic development and their serum levels might mirror the ongoing inflammatory reaction at the tumor site. Novel highly sensitive tools are needed to identify colorectal cancer patients at high risk of recurrence that should be more closely monitored during post-surgical follow up. Here we study whether circulating inflammatory markers might be used to predict recurrence in CRC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circulating levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha, CCL2, CXCL8, VEGF and the acute phase protein Pentraxin-3 were measured by ELISA in preoperative serum samples prospectively collected from a cohort of sixty-nine patients undergoing surgical resection for stage 0-IV CRC and associated with post-operative disease recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cox multivariate analysis showed that combined high levels (≥ROC cut off-value) of CXCL8, VEGF and Pentraxin3 were associated with increased risk of disease recurrence [HR: 14.28; 95%CI: (3.13-65.1)] independently of TNM staging. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CXCL8, VEGF and Pentraxin3 levels were significantly associated with worse survival (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating inflammatory mediators efficiently predicted postoperative recurrence after CRC surgery. Therefore, this study suggest that their validation in large-scale clinical trials may help in tailoring CRC post-surgical management.
authors: Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.|Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Di Caro
authors: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Carvello
authors: Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Samantha
authors: S
authors: Pesce
authors: Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Erreni
authors: Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Marchesi
authors: Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Todoric
authors: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Sacchi
authors: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Montorsi
authors: Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Allavena
authors: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Antonino
authors: A
authors: Spinelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators