title: HSV-1 Infection Modulates the Radioresponse of a HPV16-positive Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combined effects of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infections and their effects on cancer cell radioresistance are unexplored.
  
  
  METHODS
  An HPV16-positive hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (UD-SCC-2) was infected with wt-HSV-1 at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) and irradiated with 2 Gy at 24 h postinfection. Viability assays and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR for HPV16 E6, E7, nuclear factor kappa B1, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and caspases 3, 8 and 9 at 24, and 72 h, as well as immunocytochemistry for BCL2, caspase 3, cyclin E, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), HSV-1 and Ki-67 were performed at 144 h postirradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 144 h, cell viability was significantly lowered by irradiation only in uninfected cells. Infection combined with irradiation resulted in increased expression of E6, E7, BCL2 and NF-κB1 at 144 h. Simultaneously, E6 and E7 were down-regulated in non-irradiated infected cells. Irradiation and infection with 0.00001 MOI separately up-regulated caspase 3 but infection with 0.0001 MOI halved its expression in irradiated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSV-1 infection modulates radioresistance of HPV16-positive hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland asturu@utu.fi.
authors: Aaro
authors: A
authors: Turunen
authors: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Veijo
authors: V
authors: Hukkanen
authors: Department of Radiotherapy, Clinic of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Jarmo
authors: J
authors: Kulmala
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Stina
authors: S
authors: Syrjanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000821:virology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000528:radiation effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000528:radiation effects*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D051379:Mice; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019562:Viral Load / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: HSV-1; head and neck cancer; herpes simplex virus; human papillomavirus; irradiation; radiotherapy