title: Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA): a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is a rare tumor that occurs in the wall of the lateral ventricle and foramen of Monro and, rarely, in the third ventricle. It is one of the intracranial lesions found in tuberous sclerosis complex (which include subependymal nodules, cortical tubers, retinal astrocytoma and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma), but cases without such lesions have also been reported in the literature. It was described for the first time in 1908 by Vogt as part of the typical triad of tuberous sclerosis complex. At the 2012 Washington Consensus Conference, it was decided by the invited expert panel to document the definition of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma as a lesion at the caudothalamic groove with either a size of more than 1 cm in any direction or a subependymal lesion at any location that has shown serial growth on consecutive imaging regardless of size. Most subependymal giant cell astrocytomas will show avid enhancement after contrast administration; however, a growing subependymal lesion even in the absence of enhancement should be considered a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in a 10-year-old white girl, who had no clinical symptoms of tuberous sclerosis. A computed tomography scan revealed a voluminous mass in her perilateral ventricle. An extemporaneous examination was in favor of a benign ganglioglioma tumor. After fixation in 10 % neutral-buffered formalin, embedding in paraffin and staining with hematoxylin, eosin and safran, the definitive diagnosis was subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system whose diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical arguments. For its rarity, we must consider this diagnosis when faced with a mass near the foramen of Monro in the pediatric population even if there are no other features of tuberous sclerosis complex.
authors: Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route Sidi Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. Laylatahiri.elous@gmail.com.
authors: Layla
authors: L
authors: Tahiri Elousrouti
authors: Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route Sidi Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. meryem.lamchahab@gmail.com.
authors: Meryem
authors: M
authors: Lamchahab
authors: Department of Radiology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route de Sidi, Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. nawalbougtoub@gmail.com.
authors: Nawal
authors: N
authors: Bougtoub
authors: Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route Sidi Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. hindelfatmi@gmail.com.
authors: Hinde
authors: H
authors: Elfatemi
authors: Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route Sidi Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. lailachbani@gmail.com.
authors: Laila
authors: L
authors: Chbani
authors: Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route Sidi Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. Tharmouche@gmail.com.
authors: Taoufik
authors: T
authors: Harmouch
authors: Department of Radiology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route de Sidi, Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. drmaaroufi@yahoo.fr.
authors: Mustapha
authors: M
authors: Maaroufi
authors: Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Route Sidi Harazem, 30000, Fes, Morocco. amartiaffaf@gmail.com.
authors: Afaf
authors: A
authors: Amarti Riffi
mesh_terms: D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002551:Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020547:Lateral Ventricles; D011859:Radiography; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology