title: Association between breast milk fatty acids and HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding.
abstract: A residual mother-to-child transmission of HIV through breastfeeding persists despite prophylaxis. We identified breast milk fatty acids (FA) associated with postnatal HIV transmission through breastfeeding in a case-control study. Cases (n=23) were HIV-infected women with an infant who acquired HIV after 6 weeks of age. Controls (n=23) were matched on infant׳s age at sample collection. Adjusting for maternal antenatal plasma CD4 T cell count, cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3) were associated with HIV transmission in opposite dose-response manner: OR (tertile 3 versus tertile 1): 10.8 and 0.16, p for trend=0.02 and 0.03, respectively. These fatty acids correlated with HIV RNA load, T helper-1 related cytokines, IL15, IP10, and β2 microglobulin, positively for cis-vaccenic acid, negatively for eicosatrienoic acid. These results suggested a change in FA synthesis by mammary gland cells leading to increased cis-vaccenic acid in milk of mothers who transmitted HIV to their infant during breastfeeding.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Electronic address: s-badiou@chu-montpellier.fr.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Badiou
authors: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Tuaillon
authors: Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Viljoen
authors: INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France.
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Escudié
authors: Department of Biochemistry, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Cristol
authors: Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Newell
authors: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Van de Perre
authors: INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Neveu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids
keywords: Breast milk; Breastfeeding; Cytokines; Fatty acids n-3 n-7; HIV; Immune factors; Mother-to-child transmission