title: Characterization and safety evaluation of a Deinococcus member as feed additive for hens.
abstract: As previous studies mainly focus on understanding the mechanisms of radioresistance in Deinococcus bacteria, the present study aimed at characterizing and verifying the safety use of the GKB-Aid 1995 strain, a member of the radiation-resistant bacterial genus Deinococcus, as an ingredient in feed supplements. Using Vitek 2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, GKB-Aid 1995 most resembles Deinococcus grandis. The Ames test, in vitro chromosomal test, in vivo micronucleus test and acute toxicity test were performed subsequently for its safety evaluation. As there is a possibility that the pigment of GKB-Aid 1995 can pass from feed to eggs intended for human consumption, an acute toxicity test was also carried out in pigmented egg yolk. The results confirmed that GKB-Aid 1995 was non-genotoxic in three genotoxicity experiments, and the LD50 of GKB-Aid 1995 and the pigmented egg yolk in ICR mice was greater than 10 and 12 g kg(-1) body weight, respectively. Overall, these data indicate that GKB-Aid 1995 is a non-toxic substance with no genotoxicity and is therefore safe to be used as a feed supplement or feed additive. This study suggests there is potential in developing GKB-Aid 1995 as an animal feed additive intended to enhance yolk coloration to meet the demand of consumers.
authors: Grape King Bio Ltd, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan. Electronic address: sy.wu@grapeking.com.tw.
authors: Szu-Yin
authors: SY
authors: Wu
authors: Grape King Bio Ltd, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan. Electronic address: ichen.li@grapeking.com.tw.
authors: I-Chen
authors: IC
authors: Li
authors: Grape King Bio Ltd, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan. Electronic address: yi.lin@grapeking.com.tw.
authors: Yi-Chin
authors: YC
authors: Lin
authors: Grape King Bio Ltd, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shin Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Applied Science, National Hsin-Chu University of Education, Hsinchu City, Taiwan. Electronic address: gkbioeng@grapeking.com.tw.
authors: Chin-Chu
authors: CC
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002645:Chickens; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D003116:Color; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003412:Cricetulus; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D034301:Deinococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D059022:Food Safety; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation; D021521:Ribotyping; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Biotechnology; Cytotoxicity; Fermentation; Fermented food; Food safety