title: Cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation - is cryoenergy applied only to the pulmonary vein ostium?
abstract: This case report shows that cryoablation of pulmonary veins (PV) may occasionally result in deeper lesions than expected and collateral damage in spite of proper ostial positioning of cryoballoon. The use of intracardiac vascular ultrasound and repeated computed tomography enabled detailed examination of these findings.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Medical School, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Jakub
authors: J
authors: Baran
authors: Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Medical School, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Paweł
authors: P
authors: Lewandowski
authors: Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Medical School, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Piotrowski
authors: Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Medical School, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Kulakowski
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
keywords: cryoballoon ablation; intravascular ultrasound; lung; pulmonary vein ostium