title: Arthrobacter echini sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina.
abstract: A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T).
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: June-Young
authors: JY
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Dong-Wook
authors: DW
authors: Hyun
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Pil
authors: P
authors: Soo Kim
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Hyun
authors: H
authors: Sik Kim
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Na-Ri
authors: NR
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Ji-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Yun
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Mi-Ja
authors: MJ
authors: Jung
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Min-Soo
authors: MS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Tae
authors: T
authors: Woong Whon
authors: Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors: Jin-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Bae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047329:Anthocidaris / Q000382:microbiology*; D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D056910:Republic of Korea; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006017:Glycolipids; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010743:Phospholipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2