title: Methylene blue attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction of rat kidney during experimental acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The disturbance of mitochondrial functions has been considered as one of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) followed by kidney failure. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on pancreas and kidney mitochondrial respiratory functions during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  AP was induced by administrating sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: the MB group, MB (5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously 10 min prior to AP induction; the AP group, saline solution was injected intravenously 10 min prior to AP induction; and the sham operation group, isotonic sodium chlorine was used instead of sodium taurocholate. The animals were sacrificed after 24 h. The pancreas and kidney were removed for mitochondrial assay by oxygraphic and spectrophotometric methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravenous injection of MB did not prevent AP-induced inhibition of pancreatic mitochondrial respiration; however, MB significantly improved kidney mitochondrial respiratory functions with complex I-dependent substrates glutamate and malate. The activity of complex I of mitochondria isolated from AP-damaged kidney was increased after pretreatment with MB. However, MB did not affect AP-inhibited kidney mitochondrial respiration with succinate. MB had no protective effects on amylase activity or on urea content in serum in AP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disturbances of kidney mitochondrial energy metabolism in experimental model of severe AP can be ameliorated by MB administration.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Irma
authors: I
authors: Kuliaviene
authors: Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Rasa
authors: R
authors: Baniene
authors: Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Virketyte
authors: Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Marius
authors: M
authors: Kincius
authors: Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors: Eugene
authors: E
authors: Jansen
authors: Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Antanas
authors: A
authors: Gulbinas
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.|Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Limas
authors: L
authors: Kupcinskas
authors: Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Sonata
authors: S
authors: Trumbeckaite
authors: Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Vilmante
authors: V
authors: Borutaite
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014508:Urea; D000681:Amylases; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Wistar rats; kidney; methylene blue; mitochondria; pancreatitis