title: Influence of pre-harvest calcium, potassium and triazole application on the proteome of apple at harvest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Braeburn browning disorder is a storage disease characterised by flesh browning and lens-shaped cavities. The incidence of this postharvest disorder is known to be affected by pre-harvest application of fertilisers and triazole-based fungicides. Recent work has shown that calcium and potassium reduced the incidence of Braeburn browning disorder, while triazoles had the opposite effect. This study addresses the hypothesis of an early proteomic imprint in the apple fruit at harvest induced by the pre-harvest factors applied. If so, this could be used for an early screening of apple fruit at harvest for their postharvest susceptibility to flesh browning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcium and triazole had significant effects, while potassium did not. One hundred and thirty protein families were identified, of which 29 were significantly altered after calcium and 63 after triazole treatment. Up-regulation of important antioxidant enzymes was correlated with calcium fertilisation, while triazole induced alterations in the levels of respiration and ethylene biosynthesis related proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-harvest fertiliser and fungicide application had considerable effects on the apple proteome at harvest. These changes, together with the applied storage conditions will determine whether or not BBD develops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors: BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Buts
authors: BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium. maarten.hertog@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors: Maarten Latm
authors: ML
authors: Hertog
authors: BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors: Quang Tri
authors: QT
authors: Ho
authors: WUR, PRI, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Antoine Hp
authors: AH
authors: America
authors: WUR, PRI, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Cordewener
authors: pcfruit vzw, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800, Sint-Truiden, Belgium.
authors: Jef
authors: J
authors: Vercammen
authors: SYBIOMA, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.|BIOSYST-Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors: Sebastien C
authors: SC
authors: Carpentier
authors: BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.|VCBT, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: Nicolai
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005308:Fertilizers; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D061353:Food Storage / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015416:Maillard Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020543:Proteome / Q000187:drug effects*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005030:Ethylenes; D005308:Fertilizers; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D014230:Triazoles; C036216:ethylene; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Braeburn browning disorder; Malus × domestica; calcium; potassium; proteomics; triazole