title: Biomarkers of oxidative stress and metal accumulation in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus).
abstract: To understand the effect of metals on the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus and the possible environment-induced changes in oxidative stress enzymes, we determined the concentrations of 18 metals: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, In, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn, in the tissues (liver, skin, and muscle) and water samples collected from different locations in Serbia. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and changes in concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were analyzed in the tissues of the sampled frogs. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, and Ni were highest in the liver, whereas those of Ba, Ca, Li, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn were highest in the skin. Hg correlated positively with liver SOD (in frogs from Danube-Tisza-Danube Canal (DTD)), muscle CAT (DTD), and muscle GST Ponjavica River (PO); Pb demonstrated a strong positive correlation with liver GR in frogs from Mt. Fruška Gora (FG); Cd only exhibited a positive correlation with AChE in the skin of frogs from DTD. In the skin, Zn correlated positively with AChE (DTD), SH groups (PO), and CAT (FG), and negatively with CAT, GST, and SH in the liver of frogs from DTD. Examination of these oxidative stress biomarkers, together with analysis of metal accumulation in the liver and skin of marsh frogs, provides a powerful tool for the assessment of metal pollution.
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia. borkos@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors: Slavica S
authors: SS
authors: Borković-Mitić
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Marko D
authors: MD
authors: Prokić
authors: Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Imre I
authors: II
authors: Krizmanić
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, PO Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Mutić
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, PO Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Trifković
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Gavrić
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Svetlana G
authors: SG
authors: Despotović
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Branka R
authors: BR
authors: Gavrilović
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Tijana B
authors: TB
authors: Radovanović
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Slađan Z
authors: SZ
authors: Pavlović
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Zorica S
authors: ZS
authors: Saičić
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011898:Ranidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D055771:Serbia; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008670:Metals
keywords: Antioxidative system; Biomonitoring; Liver; Marsh frogs; Metals; Muscle; Skin