title: High-fructose intake as risk factor for neurodegeneration: Key role for carboxy methyllysine accumulation in mice hippocampal neurons.
abstract: Several studies indicate the involvement of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the rising consumption of fructose in industrialized countries has been related to cognitive impairment, but the impact of fructose-derived AGEs on hippocampus has never been investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate in the hippocampus of C57Bl/6 mice fed a standard (SD) or a 60% fructose (HFRT) diet for 12 weeks the production of the most studied AGEs, carboxy methyllysine (CML), focusing on the role of the glutathione-dependent enzyme glyoxalase (Glo-1), the main AGEs-detoxifying system, in relation to early signs of neuronal impairment. HFRT diet evoked CML accumulation in the cell body of pyramidal neurons, followed by RAGE/NFkB signaling activation. A widespread reactive gliosis and altered mitochondrial respiratory complexes activity have been evidenced in HFRT hippocampi, paralleled by oxidative stress increase due to impaired activity of Nrf2 signaling. In addition, a translocation of Glo-1 from axons toward cell body of pyramidal neurons has been observed in HFRT mice, in relation to CML accumulation. Despite increased expression of dimeric Glo-1, its enzymatic activity was not upregulated in HFRT hippocampi, due to reduced glutathione availability, thus failing to prevent CML accumulation. The prevention of CML production by administration of the specific inhibitor pyridoxamine was able to prevent all the fructose-induced hippocampal alterations. In conclusion, a high-fructose consumption, through CML accumulation and Glo-1 impairment, induces in the hippocampus the same molecular and metabolic alterations observed in early phases of neurodegenerative diseases, and can thus represent a risk factor for their onset.
authors: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: raffaella.mastrocola@unito.it.
authors: Raffaella
authors: R
authors: Mastrocola
authors: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Debora
authors: D
authors: Nigro
authors: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Alessia S
authors: AS
authors: Cento
authors: Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Fausto
authors: F
authors: Chiazza
authors: Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Collino
authors: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Aragno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005911:Gliosis / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C000593873:Ager protein, mouse; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D005632:Fructose
keywords: Advanced glycation end-products; Carboxy methyllysine; Fructose; Glyoxalase; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Oxidative stress; RAGE; Reactive gliosis