title: Comparison of Metabolites Variation and Antiobesity Effects of Fermented versus Nonfermented Mixtures of Cudrania tricuspidata, Lonicera caerulea, and Soybean According to Fermentation In Vitro and In Vivo.
abstract: We used ultra-performance-liquid-chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to study the changes in metabolites in the mixture of Cudrania tricuspidata, Lonicera caerulea, and soybean (CLM) during fermentation. Additionally, the antiobesity effects of CLM and fermented-CLM (FCLM) were studied based on the analysis of plasma from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The levels of cyanidin and the glycosides of luteolin, quercetin, and cyanidin derived from L. caerulea were decreased, whereas the levels of luteolin and quercetin were increased during fermentation. Isoflavone glycosides and soyasaponins originating from the soybean were decreased, whereas their aglycones such as daidzein, glycitein, and genistein were increased. As for prenylated flavonoids from C. tricuspidata, these metabolites were decreased at the early stage of fermentation, and were increased at end of the fermentation. In terms of the functional food product, various metabolites derived from diverse natural products in CLM had complementary effects and demonstrated higher antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities after fermentation; these activities were closely related to flavonoid aglycones including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, luteolin, and quercetin. In an in vivo experiment, several clinical parameters affected by HFD were improved by the administration of either CLM or FCLM, but there was a difference in the antiobesity effects. The levels of lysoPCs with C20:4, C16:0, and C22:6 were significantly attenuated by CLM administration, while the attenuated levels of lysoPCs with C20:4 and C18:2 were significantly restored by FCLM administration. These metabolites may explain the above-mentioned differences in antiobesity effects. Although only the changes in plasma lysophospholipids could not fully explain antiobesity effects between non-fermented and fermented plant mixtures from our results, we suggest that metabolomics approach could provide a way to reveal the metabolite alterations in the complex fermentation process and understand the differences or changes in bioactivity according to fermentation.
authors: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong Ho
authors: DH
authors: Suh
authors: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun Sung
authors: ES
authors: Jung
authors: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye Min
authors: HM
authors: Park
authors: Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung Hyung
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yang Hee
authors: YH
authors: Jo
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mi Kyeong
authors: MK
authors: Lee
authors: Wellness R & D Center, Univera, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Gayoung
authors: G
authors: Jung
authors: Wellness R & D Center, Univera, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seon-Gil
authors: SG
authors: Do
authors: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Choong Hwan
authors: CH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D029586:Moraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007529:Isoflavones