title: Body image emotions, perceptions, and cognitions distinguish physically active and inactive smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if body image emotions (body-related shame and guilt, weight-related stress), perceptions (self-perceived overweight), or cognitions (trying to change weight) differ between adolescents characterized by smoking and physical activity (PA) behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for this cross-sectional analysis were collected in 2010-11 and were available for 1017 participants (mean (SD) age = 16.8 (0.5) years). Participants were categorized according to smoking and PA status into four groups: inactive smokers, inactive non-smokers, active smokers and active non-smokers. Associations between body image emotions, perceptions and cognitions, and group membership were estimated in multinomial logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who reported body-related shame were less likely (OR (95% CI) = 0.52 (0.29-0.94)) to be in the active smoker group than the inactive smoker group; those who reported body-related guilt and those trying to gain weight were more likely (2.14 (1.32-3.48) and 2.49 (1.22-5.08), respectively) to be in the active smoker group than the inactive smoker group; those who were stressed about weight and those perceiving themselves as overweight were less likely to be in the active non-smoker group than the inactive smoker group (0.79 (0.64-0.97) and 0.41 (0.19-0.89), respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Body image emotions and cognitions differentiated the active smoker group from the other three groups.
authors: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X7, Canada; Centre de recherche CHUM, 850 Saint-Denis, Montreal, H2X 0A9 QC, Canada.
authors: Gisèle A
authors: GA
authors: Contreras
authors: Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON M5S 2 W6, Canada.
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Sabiston
authors: Centre de recherche CHUM, 850 Saint-Denis, Montreal, H2X 0A9 QC, Canada; Department of Exercise Science, University of Concordia, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., SP-165, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
authors: Erin K
authors: EK
authors: O'Loughlin
authors: Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Vitalité Health Network Research Centre, 275 Main Street, Suite 600, Moncton, NB E2A 1A9, Canada.
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: Bélanger
authors: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X7, Canada; Centre de recherche CHUM, 850 Saint-Denis, Montreal, H2X 0A9 QC, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Crémazie Blvd. E, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: O'Loughlin
keywords: Adolescents; Body image; Physical activity, smoking