title: In vivo bone regeneration on titanium devices using serum-free grown adipose-derived stem cells, in a sheep femur model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), grown in serum-free conditions, to regenerate bone around titanium discs with different titanium surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovine ADSC (oADSC) were isolated from seven sheep and cultured using serum-free and osteogenic conditions. Prior to in vivo testing, the growth and osteogenic behaviour of these cells were analysed in vitro using cell proliferation and extracellular matrix mineralisation assays. The bone regenerative capacity of autologous oADSC was evaluated in vivo on titanium discs in a sheep femur epicondyle model. Machined (MTi) and alumina-blasted (ABTi) titanium discs were used. Bone regeneration within the defects was evaluated after 1 month using histology and histomorphometry. PKH26 cell-tracking dye was used to verify the persistence of oADSC in the surgical wound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  oADSC sourced from five of seven sheep differentiated into osteoblast-like cells. Cellular proliferation was reduced only for osteogenically induced oADSC (oOS-ADSC) grown on ABTi, compared to non-induced oADSC grown on ABTi and tissue culture polystyrene (P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). There was no significant difference for in vitro mineralisation assays comparing oADSC with oOS-ADSC, regardless of implant surface type. oADSC labelled with PKH26 were detected 1 month after surgery within the defect. There was no difference in bone regeneration between the bone defects treated with oADSC vs. just blood clot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 1-month healing, the use of autologous oADSC did not improve bone regeneration in defects containing titanium devices with different surfaces.
authors: Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Diogo
authors: D
authors: Godoy Zanicotti
authors: Department of Oral Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Dawn Elizabeth
authors: DE
authors: Coates
authors: Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Warwick John
authors: WJ
authors: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium
keywords: biomaterials; bone implant interactions; bone substitutes