title: Cost-effectiveness of retreatment with varenicline after failure with or relapse after initial treatment for smoking cessation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent trial showed the clinical benefit of retreatment with varenicline in subjects failing on the initial treatment, or relapsing after initial success. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of retreatment with varenicline compared with other smoking cessation interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A published Markov model was adapted to compare one quit attempt of varenicline followed by retreatment to treatment/retreatment with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion or placebo, and with only 1 quit attempt of varenicline. Efficacy was obtained from clinical trials. Incidence of smoking-related diseases was based on published data. Cost of therapies and complications was obtained from databases and literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 1000 smokers willing to quit, varenicline retreatment saves 275,000€, 118,000€, 316,000€ and 237,000€ compared to NRT, bupropion, placebo, or one single varenicline quit attempt respectively at lifetime and from the healthcare payer perspective. The number of quality adjusted life years gained is 74, 63, 193 and 111 respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of these findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis suggests that in the long term, varenicline retreatment is a dominant intervention, meaning both greater health gains and greater costs saved, over other possible interventions and therefore should be considered as a standard option.
authors: Ghent University, Department of Public Health, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Lieven
authors: L
authors: Annemans
authors: Pfizer, Department of Health and Value, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Marbaix
authors: KU Leuven, Leuven University, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pulmonology, Respiratory Oncology Unit, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Kristiaan
authors: K
authors: Nackaerts
authors: Liège University Hospital, Department of Pneumology, Pneumology and Smoking Cessation Unit, Liège, Belgium.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Bartsch
keywords: Bupropion; Cost-effectiveness; Nicotine replacement therapy; Retreatment; Smoking cessation; Varenicline