title: hCLE/C14orf166, a cellular protein required for viral replication, is incorporated into influenza virus particles.
abstract: The influenza A virus polymerase associates with a number of cellular transcription-related factors, including the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). We previously described that the cellular protein hCLE/C14orf166 interacts with and stimulates influenza virus polymerase as well as RNAP II activities. Here we show that, despite the considerable cellular shut-off observed in infected cells, which includes RNAP II degradation, hCLE protein levels increase throughout infection in a virus replication-dependent manner. Human and avian influenza viruses of various subtypes increase hCLE levels, but other RNA or DNA viruses do not. hCLE colocalises and interacts with viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNP) in the nucleus, as well as in the cytoplasm late in infection. Furthermore, biochemical analysis of purified virus particles and immunoelectron microscopy of infected cells show hCLE in virions, in close association with viral vRNP. These findings indicate that hCLE, a cellular protein important for viral replication, is one of the very few examples of transcription factors that are incorporated into particles of an RNA-containing virus.
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Ariel
authors: A
authors: Rodriguez-Frandsen
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: de Lucas
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Pérez-González
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Maite
authors: M
authors: Pérez-Cidoncha
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Roldan-Gomendio
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Alejandra
authors: A
authors: Pazo
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Marcos-Villar
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Landeras-Bueno
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Ortín
authors: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.|Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Spain.
authors: Amelia
authors: A
authors: Nieto
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D059748:Proteolysis; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C435504:RTRAF protein, human; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins; D012319:RNA Polymerase II