title: Phenolic environmental estrogens in urine and blood plasma from women with uterine leiomyoma: Epidemiological survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of phenolic environmental estrogens (EE) on women with uterine leiomyoma (UL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine and blood plasma samples were collected from 300 patients diagnosed with UL at the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University between December 2013 and December 2014. Control urine and blood plasma samples were collected from 300 women who are either patients without UL or healthy volunteers presenting to the same hospital for physical examination during the same period. Bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) concentration in these samples was measured using solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OP concentration in urine and blood plasma was significantly higher in the UL group compared with the control group (r = 0.224, P = 0.001). Urine BPA concentration was not significantly different between the UL group and the control group (r = 0.009, P = 0.896). There was also no statistically significant difference in urine NP concentration between the two groups (r = 0.057, P = 0.419). On logistic regression, exposure concentration of urine BPA (OR, 1.129; 95%CI: 1.081-1.179) and NP (OR, 1.165; 95%CI: 1.025-1.324) was associated with UL genesis (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in blood plasma concentration of BPA, OP and NP between the two groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine and blood plasma EE exposure levels in women, especially the urine level, was related to the incidence of UL.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors: Yi-Min
authors: YM
authors: Dong
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Yan-Ting
authors: YT
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors: Seong Seok
authors: SS
authors: Yun
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Mu-Lan
authors: ML
authors: Ren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C474055:octylphenol; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: HPLC-MS; bisphenol A; nonylphenol; octylphenol; solid phase extraction; uterine leiomyoma