title: Influence of Climate Extremes and Land Use on Fecal Contamination of Shallow Tubewells in Bangladesh.
abstract: Climate extremes in conjunction with some land use practices are expected to have large impacts on water quality. However, the impacts of land use and climate change on fecal contamination of groundwater has not been well characterized. This work quantifies the influences of extreme weather events and land use practices on Escherichia coli presence and concentration in groundwater from 125 shallow wells, a dominant drinking water resource in rural Bangladesh, monitored over a 17 month period. The results showed that E. coli presence was significantly associated with the number of heavy rain days, developed land and areas with more surface water. These variables also had significant impacts on E. coli concentration, with risk ratios of 1.38 (95% CI = 1.16, 1.65), 1.07 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.09), and 1.02 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.03), respectively. Significant synergistic effects on E. coli presence and concentration were observed when land use and weather variables were combined. The findings suggest that climate extremes and land use practices, particularly urbanization, might promote fecal contamination of shallow well water, thus increasing the risk of diarrheal diseases.
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States.
authors: Jianyong
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Yunus
authors: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
authors: Md Sirajul
authors: MS
authors: Islam
authors: Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Emch
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh; D002980:Climate; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D012424:Rural Population; D060753:Water Quality; D060986:Water Wells
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water