title: HPLC-DAD phenolic profile, cytotoxic and anti-kinetoplastidae activity of Melissa officinalis.
abstract: Context Melissa officinalis subsp. inodora Bornm. (Lamiaceae) has been used since ancient times in folk medicine against various diseases, but it has not been investigated against protozoa. Objective To evaluate the activities of M. officinalis against Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi as well as its cytotoxicity in fibroblast cell line. Materials and methods The fresh leaves were chopped into 1 cm(2) pieces, washed and macerated with 99.9% of ethanol for 72 h at room temperature. Antiparasitic activity of M. officinalis was accessed by direct counting of cells after serial dilution, while the cytotoxicity of M. officinalis was evaluated in fibroblast cell line (NCTC929) by measuring the reduction of resazurin. The test duration was 24 h. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to characterise the extract. Results The extract at concentrations of 250 and 125 μg/mL inhibited 80.39 and 54.27% of promastigote (LC50  value = 105.78 μg/mL) form of L. infantum, 80.59 and 68.61% of L. brasiliensis (LC50 value  = 110.69 μg/mL) and against epimastigote (LC50 value  = 245.23 μg/mL) forms of T. cruzi with an inhibition of 54.45 and 22.26%, respectively, was observed. The maximum toxicity was noted at 500 μg/mL with 95.41% (LC50  value = 141.01 μg/mL). The HPLC analysis identified caffeic acid and rutin as the major compounds. Discussion The inhibition of the parasites is considered clinically relevant (< 500 μg/mL). Rutin and caffeic acids may be responsible for the antiprotozoal effect of the extract. Conclusion The ethanol extract of M. officinalis can be considered a potential alternative source of natural products with antileishmania and antitrypanosoma activities.
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;|b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil ;
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Cunha
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;
authors: Saulo R
authors: SR
authors: Tintino
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Figueredo
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;|b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil ;
authors: Luiz
authors: L
authors: Barros
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;|b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil ;
authors: Antonia E
authors: AE
authors: Duarte
authors: c Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill , Asunción , Paraguay ;
authors: Maria Celeste
authors: MC
authors: Vega Gomez
authors: c Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill , Asunción , Paraguay ;
authors: Cathia Cecilia
authors: CC
authors: Coronel
authors: c Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill , Asunción , Paraguay ;
authors: Mírian
authors: M
authors: Rolón
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;
authors: Nadghia
authors: N
authors: Leite
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;
authors: Celestina E
authors: CE
authors: Sobral-Souza
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;
authors: S V
authors: SV
authors: Brito
authors: e Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Bioquímica Toxicológica , Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 , Brazil ;
authors: Emily Pansera
authors: EP
authors: Waczuc
authors: d Universidade Federal Dos Pampas , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil ;
authors: Aline Augusti
authors: AA
authors: Boligon
authors: d Universidade Federal Dos Pampas , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil ;
authors: Margareth
authors: M
authors: Athayde
authors: e Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Bioquímica Toxicológica , Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 , Brazil ;|f Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS CEP 90035-003 , Brazil.
authors: Jean Paul
authors: JP
authors: Kamdem
authors: a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil ;
authors: Henrique Douglas Melo
authors: HD
authors: Coutinho
authors: b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil ;|d Universidade Federal Dos Pampas , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil ;
authors: Jéferson
authors: J
authors: Franco
mesh_terms: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016830:Kinetoplastida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000187:drug effects; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D031334:Melissa / Q000737:chemistry; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antiparasitic; ethanol extract; fibroblast; flavonoids