title: Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Polymerization of Acrylamide for Gel Electrophoresis (TIPPAGE) of Proteins and Structural Identification by Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) coupled with mass spectrometry has been well established for separating, identifying and quantifying protein mixtures from cell lines, tissues or other biological samples. The copolymerization process of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide is the key to mastering this powerful technique. In general, this is a vinyl addition reaction initiated by free radical-generating reagents such as ammonium persulfate (APS) and tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) under basic pH and degassing experimental condition. We report herein a photocatalytic polymerization approach that is based on photo-generated hydroxyl radicals with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. It was shown that the polymerization process is greatly accelerated in acidic condition when ultraviolet light shots on the gel solution containing TiO2 nanoparticles without degassing. This feature makes it very useful in preparing Triton X-100 acid urea (TAU) gel that has been developed for separating basic proteins such as histones and variants in acidic experimental condition. Additionally, the presence of titanium dioxide in the gel not only improves mechanistic property of gels but also changes the migration pattern of different proteins that have different affinities to titanium dioxide.
authors: Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.
authors: Wenyang
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.
authors: Zhiwei
authors: Z
authors: Yuan
authors: Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.
authors: Lulu
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Kang
authors: Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.
authors: Ruowei
authors: R
authors: Jiang
authors: Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.
authors: Hongying
authors: H
authors: Zhong
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods*; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry; D006657:Histones / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D058105:Polymerization; D011754:Pyronine; D051381:Rats; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D006657:Histones; C005798:N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; C009495:titanium dioxide; D020106:Acrylamide; C031276:ammonium peroxydisulfate; D014508:Urea; D017830:Octoxynol; D014025:Titanium; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate; D011754:Pyronine