title: Bioactivity of sol-gel-derived TiO2 coating on polyetheretherketone: In vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: A polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface was modified using a sol-gel-derived TiO2 coating in order to confer bone-bonding ability. To enhance the bonding strength of the coating layer, pretreatment with either O2 plasma or sandblasting was performed prior to sol-gel coating. Additionally, post-treatment with acid was carried out to confer apatite (calcium phosphate)-forming ability to the surface. Biomechanical and histological analyses performed using an in vivo rabbit tibia model showed that PEEK surfaces modified with sol-gel-derived TiO2 and acid post-treatment had better bone-bonding properties than uncoated PEEK surfaces. These modified surfaces also performed well in terms of their in vitro cell responses due to their modified surface chemistries and topographies. Although O2 plasma or sandblasting treatment were, for the most part, equivocal in terms of performance, we conclude that sol-gel-derived TiO2 coating followed by acid post-treatment significantly improves the bone bonding ability of PEEK surfaces, thus rendering them optimal for their use in surgical implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an alternative biomaterial to conventional metallic implant materials has become increasingly important. However, its low bone bonding ability is yet to be resolved. This in vivo and in vitro investigation on the functionalization of PEEK surfaces highlights the utility of this material in clinical interventions that require implants, and may extend range of applications of PEEK.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: takayosh@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takayoshi
authors: T
authors: Shimizu
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Shunsuke
authors: S
authors: Fujibayashi
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
authors: Seiji
authors: S
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Research and Education Unit of Leaders for Integrated Medical System, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Bungo
authors: B
authors: Otsuki
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Mitsuru
authors: M
authors: Takemoto
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Masako
authors: M
authors: Tsukanaka
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Kizuki
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
authors: Tomiharu
authors: T
authors: Matsushita
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Kokubo
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007659:Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D044367:Phase Transition; D010641:Phenotype; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Bioactivity; O(2) plasma; PEEK; Sandblast; Sol–gel; TiO(2)