title: Caffeine prevents LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish.
abstract: Caffeine is a white crystalline xanthine alkaloid found in the seeds of coffee plants and leaves of the tea bush. In this study, we evaluated whether caffeine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. RAW264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of caffeine in the presence or absence of LPS. Caffeine decreased the LPS-induced inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide (NO). Caffeine treatment also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6 and IL-12, and decreased both IL-6 secretion and phosphorylated p38MAPK expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Caffeine inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) via IκBα phosphorylation. In addition, caffeine inhibited LPS-induced NO production in zebrafish. These results suggest that caffeine may suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells by regulating NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation.
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Kyonggi 463-400, South Korea.
authors: Ji-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Kyonggi 463-400, South Korea.
authors: Kui-Jin
authors: KJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Kyonggi 463-400, South Korea.
authors: Su-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Ryu
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Kyonggi 463-400, South Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Kyonggi 463-400, South Korea. Electronic address: bylee@cha.ac.kr.
authors: Boo-Yong
authors: BY
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002110:Caffeine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Caffeine; LPS; MAPKs; NF-κB