title: Short communication: Evaluation of sampling socks for detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis on dairy farms.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease, a production-limiting disease in cattle. Detection of infected herds is often done using environmental samples (ES) of manure, which are collected in cattle pens and manure storage areas. Disadvantages of the method are that sample accuracy is affected by cattle housing and type of manure storage area. Furthermore, some sampling locations (e.g., manure lagoons) are frequently not readily accessible. However, sampling socks (SO), as used for Salmonella spp. testing in chicken flocks, might be an easy to use and accurate alternative to ES. The objective of the study was to assess accuracy of SO for detection of MAP in dairy herds. At each of 102 participating herds, 6 ES and 2 SO were collected. In total, 45 herds had only negative samples in both methods and 29 herds had ≥1 positive ES and ≥1 positive SO. Furthermore, 27 herds with ≥1 positive ES had no positive SO, and 1 herd with no positive ES had 1 positive SO. Bayesian simulation with informative priors on sensitivity of ES and MAP herd prevalence provided a posterior sensitivity for SO of 43.5% (95% probability interval=33-58), and 78.5% (95% probability interval=62-93) for ES. Although SO were easy to use, accuracy was lower than for ES. Therefore, with improvements in the sampling protocol (e.g., more SO per farm and more frequent herd visits), as well as improvements in the laboratory protocol, perhaps SO would be a useful alternative for ES.
authors: Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: robert.wolf@stmk.gv.at.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Wolf
authors: Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Orsel
authors: Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: De Buck
authors: Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Kanevets
authors: Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada.
authors: H W
authors: HW
authors: Barkema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D008372:Manure
keywords: Johne’s disease; environmental samples; paratuberculosis; sock samples