title: Welding, a risk factor of lung cancer: the ICARE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between lung cancer and occupational exposure to welding activity in ICARE, a population-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were restricted to men (2276 cases, 2780 controls). Welding exposure was assessed through detailed questionnaires, including lifelong occupational history. ORs were computed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for lifelong cigarette smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the regular welders, welding was associated with a risk of lung cancer (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5), which increased with the duration (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.9 when duration >10 years), and was maximum 10-20 years since last welding. The risk was more pronounced in case of gas welding (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3), when the workpiece was covered by paint, grease, or other substances (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.4) and when it was cleaned with chemical substances before welding. No statistically significant increase in lung cancer risk was observed among occasional welders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these results should be confirmed, we showed that type of welding and mode of workpiece preparation are important determinants of the lung cancer risk in regular welders.
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, Créteil, France.
authors: Mireille
authors: M
authors: Matrat
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France.
authors: Florence
authors: F
authors: Guida
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Mattei
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Cénée
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France.
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Cyr
authors: Unité Mixte de Recherche Épidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
authors: Joëlle
authors: J
authors: Févotte
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Sanchez
authors: INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France UPMC Université de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 06, UMRS 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France.
authors: Gwenn
authors: G
authors: Menvielle
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France.
authors: Loredana
authors: L
authors: Radoï
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France.
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Schmaus
authors: Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du territoire de Belfort, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors: Anne-Sophie
authors: AS
authors: Woronoff
authors: INSERM U1085, IRSET, campus de Fouillole, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe Université de Rennes 1, campus de Fouillole, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe.
authors: Danièle
authors: D
authors: Luce
authors: Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie des cancers, gènes et environnement, Villejuif, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Stücker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010150:Paint; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014896:Welding; D014937:Work
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D005740:Gases