title: New molecular aspects of endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecological cancer and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The number of patients with this disease is likely to continue to grow, including younger patients. It is a complex disease driven by abnormal genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as environmental factors. Many endometrial cancers show estrogen-dependent proliferation. The carcinogenic mechanisms are unknown or not completely explained beyond mutations of single oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Possible carcinogenic mechanisms include imbalance between endometrial proliferation by unopposed estrogen and the mismatch repair (MMR) system; rmethylation changes and mutation of genes. Epigenetic changes resulting in aberrant gene expression are dynamic and modifiable features of many cancer types. A significant epigenetic change is aberrant DNA methylation. In this review, we review evidence on the role of different changes in relation to endometrial carcinogenesis. Carcinogenic mechanisms of endometrial cancer involve both genetic and epigenetic changes. Determination of the detailed carcinogenic mechanisms will be useful for prevention and diagnosis of endometrial cancer, risk assessment, and development of new treatment strategies targeting genes.
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia.
authors: Marcela
authors: M
authors: Nachajova
authors: Division of Oncology, Center for Biomedical Research, BioMed, Martin, Slovakia.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Mersakova
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia.
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Sivakova
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Krivus
authors: Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Szepe
authors: Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Jozef
authors: J
authors: Hatok
authors: Department of Histology and Embrylogy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Marian
authors: M
authors: Adamkov