title: Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediments from the Yellow River Estuary, China.
abstract: A total of 21 surface sediments collected from the Yellow River Estuary, China were analyzed for 40 kinds of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their levels, spatial distribution, congener profiles and possible sources were investigated. Only ten congeners were detected in the sediments. The total concentrations of the lower brominated BDEs (∑PBDEslow, PBDEs excluding BDE 209) and BDE 209 ranged from 0.482 ng/g to 1.07 ng/g and 1.16-5.40 ng/g, with an average value of 0.690 and 2.79 ng/g, respectively, which were both at the low end of the global contamination level. The congener profiles were dominated by BDE 209, with the average value accounting for 79.2% of the total PBDEs in the sediment samples. Among the nine lower brominated BDE congeners, BDE 47, 99 and 183 had high abundances. Although the commercial Penta/Octa-BDE products have been banned in most countries, the residual commercial Penta/Octa/Deca-BDE products and the debromination of highly brominated BDE compounds such as BDE 209 were still found to be the possible sources for the trace level of PBDEs in the present study area. In spite of the gradual removal of the commercial PBDEs in the world, the present research results further suggested that scientific attention should not be reduced on the issue of environmental contamination caused by these outdated chemical compounds.
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors: Zijiao
authors: Z
authors: Yuan
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. Electronic address: lgj@ustc.edu.cn.
authors: Guijian
authors: G
authors: Liu
authors: University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors: Michael Hon Wah
authors: MHW
authors: Lam
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Houqi
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors: Chunnian
authors: C
authors: Da
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D063366:Estuaries; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: Congener profiles; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Possible sources; Surface sediments; Yellow river