title: RICKETS IN RURAL KENYAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: CASE REPORT.
abstract: Clinical rickets has not been reported previously in Embu district, Kenya. Baseline clinical assessments performed for a nutrition intervention study in preschool children (n=324) identified 28 cases of rickets (8.6% of study sample). Clinical characteristics included: delays of sitting, walking, and teething; bone and chest deformities; widened wrists and ankles; and bowed lower extremities. Risk factors identified were short duration of breastfeeding with feeding of cereal-based supplements with little or no milk, low calcium intake, limited sunlight exposure. Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies likely contributed to these cases. Treatment with Vitamin D3 and milk resulted in clinical improvement.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: N O
authors: NO
authors: Bwibo
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Nyawade
authors: C G
authors: CG
authors: Neumann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D012279:Rickets / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium