title: Mother-to-Child Transmission of HTLV-1 Epidemiological Aspects, Mechanisms and Determinants of Mother-to-Child Transmission.
abstract: Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus that infects at least 5-10 million people worldwide, and is the etiological agent of a lymphoproliferative malignancy; Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL); and a chronic neuromyelopathy, HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP), as well as other inflammatory diseases such as infective dermatitis and uveitis. Besides sexual intercourse and intravenous transmission, HTLV-1 can also be transmitted from infected mother to child during prolonged breastfeeding. Some characteristics that are linked to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HTLV-1, such as the role of proviral load, antibody titer of the infected mother, and duration of breastfeeding, have been elucidated; however, most of the mechanisms underlying HTLV-1 transmission during breast feeding remain largely unknown, such as the sites of infection and cellular targets as well as the role of milk factors. The present review focuses on the latest findings and current opinions and perspectives on MTCT of HTLV-1.
authors: Pasteur Institute, Virology Department, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. florent.percher@pasteur.fr.|UMR CNRS 3569, Paris 75015, France. florent.percher@pasteur.fr.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pasteur 75015, Paris. florent.percher@pasteur.fr.
authors: Florent
authors: F
authors: Percher
authors: Pasteur Institute, Virology Department, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. patricia.jeannin@pasteur.fr.|UMR CNRS 3569, Paris 75015, France. patricia.jeannin@pasteur.fr.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Jeannin
authors: ANSES, Enteric Viruses Unit, Maisons-Alfort 94706, France. sandra.martin-latil@anses.fr.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Martin-Latil
authors: Pasteur Institute, Virology Department, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. antoine.gessain@pasteur.fr.|UMR CNRS 3569, Paris 75015, France. antoine.gessain@pasteur.fr.
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Gessain
authors: Pasteur Institute, Virology Department, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. philippe.afonso@pasteur.fr.|UMR CNRS 3569, Paris 75015, France. philippe.afonso@pasteur.fr.
authors: Philippe V
authors: PV
authors: Afonso
authors: Pasteur Institute, Virology Department, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. aurore.vidy@pasteur.fr.|UMR CNRS 3569, Paris 75015, France. aurore.vidy@pasteur.fr.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pasteur 75015, Paris. aurore.vidy@pasteur.fr.
authors: Aurore
authors: A
authors: Vidy-Roche
authors: Pasteur Institute, Virology Department, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. pierre-emmanuel.ceccaldi@pasteur.fr.|UMR CNRS 3569, Paris 75015, France. pierre-emmanuel.ceccaldi@pasteur.fr.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pasteur 75015, Paris. pierre-emmanuel.ceccaldi@pasteur.fr.
authors: Pierre-Emmanuel
authors: PE
authors: Ceccaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male
keywords: HTLV-1; breastfeeding; human; intestinal barrier; retrovirus