title: Factors Affecting Arsenic Methylation in Arsenic-Exposed Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: Chronic arsenic exposure is a critical public health issue in many countries. The metabolism of arsenic in vivo is complicated because it can be influenced by many factors. In the present meta-analysis, two researchers independently searched electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Springer, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, to analyze factors influencing arsenic methylation. The concentrations of the following arsenic metabolites increase (p< 0.000001) following arsenic exposure: inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethyl arsenic (MMA), dimethyl arsenic (DMA), and total arsenic. Additionally, the percentages of iAs (standard mean difference (SMD): 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-1.40; p< 0.00001) and MMA (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.21-0.77; p = 0.0006) also increase, while the percentage of DMA (SMD: -0.57; 95% CI: -0.80--0.31; p< 0.0001), primary methylation index (SMD: -0.57; 95% CI: -0.94--0.20; p = 0.002), and secondary methylation index (SMD: -0.27; 95% CI: -0.46--0.90; p = 0.004) decrease. Smoking, drinking, and older age can reduce arsenic methylation, and arsenic methylation is more efficient in women than in men. The results of this analysis may provide information regarding the role of arsenic oxidative methylation in the arsenic poisoning process.
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. 18240933220@163.com.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. shzniuqiang@sina.com.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Niu
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. 18097533626@163.com.
authors: Mengchuan
authors: M
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. ruidongsheng@gmail.com.
authors: Dongsheng
authors: D
authors: Rui
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. shzxushangzhi@sohu.com.
authors: Shangzhi
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. 18139260682@189.cn.
authors: Gangling
authors: G
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. tianmajuechen@alijun.com.
authors: Yusong
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. lishugang@ymail.com.
authors: Shugang
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China. jingmingxia211@163.com.
authors: Mingxia
authors: M
authors: Jing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020261:Arsenic Poisoning / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D060766:Drinking Water; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: arsenic; human; meta-analysis; methylation