title: Evaluation of the efficacy of a polyherbal mouthwash containing Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis and Calendula officinalis extracts in patients with gingivitis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gingivitis is a highly prevalent periodontal disease resulting from microbial infection and subsequent inflammation. The efficacy of herbal preparations in subjects with gingivitis has been reported in some previous studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of a polyherbal mouthwash containing hydroalcoholic extracts of Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis and Calendula officinalis (5% v/w) compared with chlorhexidine and placebo mouthwashes in subjects with gingivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients participated in this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial and were randomly assigned to the polyherbal mouthwash (n = 20), chlorhexidine mouthwash (n = 20) or placebo mouthwash (n = 20). Participants were instructed to use the mouthwash twice a day (after breakfast and dinner) for 30 s for a period of two weeks. Gingival and plaque indices were assessed using MGI, GBI and MQH scales at baseline, day 7 and day 14 of the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant improvements in all assessed efficacy measures i.e. MGI, GBI and MQH scores from baseline to the end of trial in both polyherbal and chlorhexidine mouthwash groups; however, the scores remained statistically unchanged in the placebo group. MGI, BGI and MQH scores in the treatment groups were significantly lower compared with those of the control group at both day 7 and day 14 of the trial. However, there was no significant difference between the polyherbal and chlorhexidine groups, neither at day 7 nor day 14 of the trial. Polyherbal mouthwash was safe and there was neither report of adverse reactions, nor any drop-out during the course of study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyherbal mouthwash containing hydroalcoholic extracts of Z. officinale, R. officinalis and C. officinalis (5%) was effective in the treatment of gingivitis and its efficacy was comparable to that of chlorhexidine mouthwash.
authors: Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Saman
authors: S
authors: Mahyari
authors: Mahyari Dentistry Clinic, Iran Square, Neyshabour, Iran.
authors: Behnam
authors: B
authors: Mahyari
authors: Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Seyed Ahmad
authors: SA
authors: Emami
authors: Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Bizhan
authors: B
authors: Malaekeh-Nikouei
authors: Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Seyedeh Pardis
authors: SP
authors: Jahanbakhsh
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors: Amirhossein
authors: A
authors: Sahebkar
authors: Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: MohamadpoorAH@mums.ac.ir.
authors: Amir Hooshang
authors: AH
authors: Mohammadpour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020838:Calendula; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027542:Rosmarinus; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Ginger; Gingivitis; Marigold; Randomized controlled trial; Rosemary