title: Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma with Biopsy-Proven Spinal Metastasis: Case Report and Review of Literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a rare epithelial malignant neoplasm typically arising from the minor salivary glands. Although it has been described as a benign neoplasm, there are increasing reports of malignant features and metastases to the lungs; we present the first case of biopsy-proven spinal metastases from HCCC and an overview of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a single-patient case report in which we used immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization for Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 translocation to confirm the diagnosis of HCCC in a spinal metastasis. The diagnosis of metastatic HCCC was confirmed on the basis of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present the first pathologically confirmed case of a spinal metastasis in HCCC. As increasing of metastatic HCCC arise, a reconsideration of HCCC as a potentially high-grade disease seems increasingly necessary as it may impact the current treatment paradigm.
authors: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: Newman
authors: Dahl-Chase Pathology Associates, Bangor, Maine, USA.
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Williams
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: Umamaheswar
authors: U
authors: Duvvuri
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Clump
authors: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: amankulornm@upmc.edu.
authors: Nduka
authors: N
authors: Amankulor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018227:Sarcoma, Clear Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*
keywords: EWSR1-ATF1; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Histopathology; Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma; Spine metastasis