title: Cerebral microbleeds in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A vascular disease could be involved in pathophysiology of normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). If so, there should be an association between INPH and cerebral microbleeds (CMB). This study aims to analyze if CMB are associated with INPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control study we included 14 patients with INPH (mean age 76 years, 60 % female) and 41 healthy controls (HeCo; mean age 71 years, 60 % female). All were investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a T2*-sequence. The MRI exams were reviewed by two neuroradiologists for the presence of CMBs; the prevalence of findings of two or more CMBs was compared between INPH group and control group. After investigation, INPH patients underwent shunt surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two or more CMB were detected more frequently in the INPH group compared to HeCo (n = 6, 43 % vs. n = 4, 10 %; p = 0.01). Among the participants where MRI revealed CMB, the number of CMB was higher among the INPH patients than the HeCo (median 8; IQR 2-34 vs. median 1; IQR 1-2; p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports a vascular component to the pathophysiology of INPH.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå University, S-901 85, Umeå, Sweden. elias.johansson@umu.se.
authors: Elias
authors: E
authors: Johansson
authors: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. khalid.ambarki@gmail.com.|Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. khalid.ambarki@gmail.com.
authors: Khalid
authors: K
authors: Ambarki
authors: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Richard@birgander.com.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Birgander
authors: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Nazila.bahrami@vll.se.
authors: Nazila
authors: N
authors: Bahrami
authors: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Anders.eklund@umu.se.|Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Anders.eklund@umu.se.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Eklund
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå University, S-901 85, Umeå, Sweden. Jan.malm@umu.se.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Malm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male