title: Local delivery methods of therapeutic agents in the treatment of diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas.
abstract: Brainstem gliomas comprise 10-20% of all pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) account for the majority of these lesions. DIPG is a rapidly progressive disease with almost universally fatal outcomes and a median survival less than 12 months. Current standard-of-care treatment for DIPG includes radiation therapy, but its long-term survival effects are still under debate. Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of systemic administration of various therapeutic agents have been associated with disappointing outcomes. Recent efforts have focused on improvements in chemotherapeutic agents employed and in methods of localized and targeted drug delivery. This review provides an update on current preclinical and clinical studies investigating treatment options for brainstem gliomas.
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: C Rory
authors: CR
authors: Goodwin
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Risheng
authors: R
authors: Xu
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Rajiv
authors: R
authors: Iyer
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Eric W
authors: EW
authors: Sankey
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Liu
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Abu-Bonsrah
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Sarabia-Estrada
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Frazier
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Daniel M
authors: DM
authors: Sciubba
authors: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: gjallo1@jhmi.edu.
authors: George I
authors: GI
authors: Jallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Brainstem glioma; Chemotherapy; Convection-enhanced delivery; Interstitial continuous infusion; Intranasal delivery; Tumor