title: Trends in Smoking Status and Utilization of Smoking Cessation Agents Among Females with Cardiovascular Diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the United States, cigarette smoking accounts for almost 20% of all deaths attributed to heart disease. More women than men die each year of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Women who smoke have shown to be at a higher risk of cardiac deaths. The current study aims to determine the trend in smoking prevalence among women with CVD and their utilization of smoking cessation agents from 2004 to 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective exploratory study using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2004 to 2011. All female respondents with any one cardiovascular condition were identified. Descriptive statistics were carried out to obtain the number of female patients with CVD, their smoking status, and their use of smoking cessation agents. Furthermore, disparities in smoking status and smoking cessation agent utilization with respect to race and ethnicity were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among total CVD patients, 53% were females, which corresponded to 25.3 million females in the United States. Around 12.3% among them were current smokers. Only 6.9% among these females used smoking cessation agents. Smoking trends in females were inconsistent throughout the 8 years. Overall, the trend showed a decrease in the percentage of female smokers, while use of smoking cessation agents remained low from 2004 to 2011. Whites and non-Hispanics had more current smokers and women using smoking cessation agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eight-year trend shows that the use of smoking cessation agents among females is very low, particularly among non-whites and Hispanics. This is of great concern and future efforts could focus on increasing the utilization of smoking cessation agents and collectively decreasing the risk of smoking in CVD by healthcare professionals.
authors: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.|Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013.
authors: Varun
authors: V
authors: Vaidya
authors: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.|Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013.
authors: Neha S
authors: NS
authors: Gangal
authors: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.|Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013.
authors: Surbhi
authors: S
authors: Shah
authors: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.|Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013.
authors: Nilesh
authors: N
authors: Gangan
authors: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.|Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Bechtol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists