title: Levulinic Acid Biorefineries: New Challenges for Efficient Utilization of Biomass.
abstract: Levulinic acid is a sustainable platform molecule that can be upgraded to valuable chemicals and fuel additives. This article focuses on the catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid into various chemicals such as levulinate esters, δ-aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, diphenolic acid, γ-valerolactone, and γ-valerolactone derivatives such valeric esters, 5-nonanone, α-methylene-γ valerolactone, and other various molecular-weight alkanes (C9 and C18-C27 olefins).
authors: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E58 HA, UK.
authors: Filoklis D
authors: FD
authors: Pileidis
authors: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E58 HA, UK. m.m.titirici@qmul.ac.uk.
authors: Maria-Magdalena
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-2100
authors: MM
authors: Titirici
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007982:Levulinic Acids; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin; C032246:levulinic acid
keywords: biomass; biorefineries; energy conversion; nanotechnology; platform chemicals