title: Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour and ankle brachial index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in older men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Associations between bouts of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and cardiovascular disease, and their mutual independence are not well defined. A low ankle brachial index (ABI ≤0.9) indicates peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is predictive of cardiovascular events and functional impairment. We investigated the independence of PA and SB and the importance of bout duration in relation to ABI using objective measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  945 men from the British Regional Heart Study, mean age 78.4 y, had concurrent measurements of ABI (Vicorder) and physical activity (Actigraph GT3X accelerometer); 427 men also had accelerometer measurements one year previously and contributed data to longitudinal analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cross-sectional analyses, after adjusting for covariates each extra 10 min of moderate and vigorous PA per day was associated with an OR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.72, 0.91) for a low ABI, a stronger association than for light PA (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75, 0.98). Each extra 30 min of SB was associated with an OR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.07, 1.33) for a low ABI. Associations between moderate and vigorous PA and ABI persisted after adjustment for light PA or SB. Bout lengths for PA and SB were not associated with a low ABI. One year changes in PA or SB were not associated with low ABI. All physical activity and lower levels of SB, regardless of bout duration were inversely associated with ABI; more intense PA showed a stronger association. No associations between changes in PA and ABI were observed, but power may have been limited.
authors: UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK; UCL Physical Activity Research Group, UK. Electronic address: tessa.parsons@ucl.ac.uk.
authors: Tessa J
authors: TJ
authors: Parsons
authors: UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK; UCL Physical Activity Research Group, UK.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Sartini
authors: Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Ellins
authors: Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
authors: Julian P J
authors: JP
authors: Halcox
authors: Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
authors: Kirsten E
authors: KE
authors: Smith
authors: UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Ash
authors: UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
authors: Lucy T
authors: LT
authors: Lennon
authors: UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
authors: S Goya
authors: SG
authors: Wannamethee
authors: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215, USA.
authors: I-Min
authors: IM
authors: Lee
authors: Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
authors: Peter H
authors: PH
authors: Whincup
authors: UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK; UCL Physical Activity Research Group, UK.
authors: Barbara J
authors: BJ
authors: Jefferis
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000295:instrumentation; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: Accelerometer; Ankle brachial index; Epidemiology; Men; Peripheral arterial disease; Physical activity