title: Structural equation modeling of the associations between the home environment and obesity-related cardiovascular fitness and insulin resistance among Hispanic children.
abstract: Hispanic children are disproportionally affected by obesity-related risk of metabolic disease. We used the structural equation modeling to examine the associations between specific diet and physical activity (PA) behaviors at home and Hispanic children's metabolic health. A total of 187 Hispanic children and their parents from an urban community in Wisconsin participated in the study. Exposure variables included, children's daily intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and PA; home availability of SSB and PA areas/equipment; and parents' intake of SSB and PA, assessed through self-administered questionnaires. Outcome variables for children's metabolic health included, measured anthropometrics; cardiovascular fitness assessed using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER); and insulin resistance determined with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR). We found that children's daily intake of SSB was positively associated with BMI z-score, which in turn, was positively associated with HOMAIR (P < 0.05). Specific diet behaviors at home associated with children's intake of SSB, included home availability of SSB, which mediated the association between parents' and children's intake of SSB (P < 0.05). Children's PA was positively associated with PACER z-score, which in turn, was inversely associated with HOMAIR (P < 0.05). Specific PA behaviors at home associated with children's PA, included home availability of PA areas/equipment, which mediated the association between parents' and children's PA (P < 0.05). The structural equation model indices suggested a satisfactory model fit (Chi-square, X(2) = 53.1, comparative fix index = 0.92, root-mean-squared error associated = 0.04). The findings confirm the need for interventions at the family level that promotes healthier home environments by targeting poor diet and low levels of PA in all family members.
authors: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Electronic address: msantiag@fredhutch.org.
authors: Margarita
authors: M
authors: Santiago-Torres
authors: University of Maryland, School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Yuchen
authors: Y
authors: Cui
authors: University of Wisconsin, Department of Family Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors: Alexandra K
authors: AK
authors: Adams
authors: University of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Allen
authors: University of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors: Aaron L
authors: AL
authors: Carrel
authors: Parsons Brinckerhoff, Portland, OR 98026, USA.
authors: Jessica Y
authors: JY
authors: Guo
authors: University of Wisconsin, Department of Preventive Cardiology, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors: Tara L
authors: TL
authors: LaRowe
authors: University of Wisconsin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors: Dale A
authors: DA
authors: Schoeller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D009765:Obesity; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014922:Wisconsin
chemical_list: D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners
keywords: Cardiovascular fitness; Hispanic children; Home environment; Insulin resistance; Structural equation modeling