title: Incidence and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Omitting chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients may lead to an increase incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolus (PE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective comparison of liver transplant recipients who developed postoperative DVT/PE to an age-matched population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three of eight hundred sixty-seven patients developed a DVT/PE. Study group patients received higher amounts of cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma. Study group international normalized ratio (INR) was significantly higher, as was the incidence of postoperative complications. High-grade complication rates (bleeding, respiratory failure, and renal insufficiency) were increased in the study group at 16% vs 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that the rate of DVT/PE after liver transplantation is similar to the rate after other major operations. Patients were more likely to develop DVT/PE if they received increased amounts of intraoperative cryoprecipitate/fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or had an elevated postoperative INR. Furthermore, patients with a complicated postoperative course have the highest risk of venous thromboembolism.
authors: Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
authors: Valerie
authors: V
authors: Emuakhagbon
authors: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors: Prejesh
authors: P
authors: Philips
authors: Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Vatche
authors: V
authors: Agopian
authors: Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Fady M
authors: FM
authors: Kaldas
authors: Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: Christopher.jones.1@louisville.edu.
authors: Christopher M
authors: CM
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D005169:Factor VIII; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: C026912:cryoprecipitate coagulum; D005169:Factor VIII; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: Anticoagulation; DVT; Liver transplantation; PE