title: Long-Term Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Health-Related Quality of Life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Varenicline, a nicotinic receptor partial agonist, is used to aid smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the long-term benefits of smoking cessation on GERD and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients treated with varenicline were asked to fill out a self-report questionnaire about their smoking habits, gastrointestinal symptoms, and HR-QOL before and 1 year after smoking cessation. The prevalence of GERD, frequency of symptoms, and HR-QOL scores were compared. We also investigated associations between clinical factors and newly-developed GERD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 141 patients achieved smoking cessation (success group) and 50 did not (failure group) at 1 year after the treatment. The GERD improvement in the success group (43.9%) was significantly higher than that in the failure group (18.2%). The frequency of reflux symptoms significantly decreased only in the success group. There were no significant associations between newly developed GERD and clinical factors including increased body mass index and successful smoking cessation. HR-QOL significantly improved only in the success group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation improved both GERD and HR-QOL. Smoking cessation should be recommended for GERD patients.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Yukie
authors: Y
authors: Kohata
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Fujiwara
authors: Uehonmachi-Watanabe Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Watanabe
authors: Department of Medical Education and General Practice, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Medical Education and General Practice, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Yasuhiko
authors: Y
authors: Takemoto
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Kamata
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Yamagami
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Tanigawa
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Masatsugu
authors: M
authors: Shiba
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Watanabe
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kazunari
authors: K
authors: Tominaga
authors: Department of Medical Education and General Practice, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Taichi
authors: T
authors: Shuto
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000068580:Varenicline / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D000068580:Varenicline