title: Dyslipidemia and Food Security in Low-Income US Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low levels of food security are associated with dyslipidemia and chronic disease in adults, particularly in women. There is a gap in knowledge about the relationship between food security among youth and dyslipidemia and chronic disease. We investigated the relationship between food security status and dyslipidemia among low-income adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (N = 1,072) from households with incomes at or below 200% of the federal poverty level from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2010. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between household food security status and the odds of having abnormalities with fasting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TG/HDL-C ratio, and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). Models included age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, partnered status in the household, and maternal education, with additional adjustment for adiposity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Household food security status was not associated with elevated TC or LDL-C. Adolescents with marginal food security were more likely than food-secure peers to have elevated TGs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-3.05), TG/HDL-C ratio (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.11-2.82), and Apo B (OR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.17-3.36). Female adolescents with marginal food security had greater odds than male adolescents of having low HDL-C (OR = 2.69; 95% CI, 1.14-6.37). No elevated odds of dyslipidemia were found for adolescents with low or very low food security. Adjustment for adiposity did not attenuate estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this nationally representative sample, low-income adolescents living in households with marginal food security had increased odds of having a pattern consistent with atherogenic dyslipidemia, which represents a cardiometabolic burden above their risk from adiposity alone.
authors: UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 747 52nd St, Oakland, CA 94609. Email: jtester@chori.org.
authors: June M
authors: JM
authors: Tester
authors: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California.
authors: Barbara A
authors: BA
authors: Laraia
authors: University of California, San Francisco, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, California.
authors: Cindy W
authors: CW
authors: Leung
authors: Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.
authors: Michele L
authors: ML
authors: Mietus-Snyder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides