title: Estrogenic Compounds Have Divergent Effects on Human Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration according to Sex of the Donor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are key elements in vascular homeostasis. Their function is regulated by estrogens and estrogen receptors (ERs), but the effect of estrogenic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA; an agonist of ER-β and agonist and antagonist of ER-α) and (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol (THC; an agonist of ER-α and antagonist of ER-β) on human EPCs is unknown. We analyzed whether BPA and THC influence the migration of human EPCs, an essential process in endothelial regeneration, in both male and female EPCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  EPCs isolated from healthy adult men and women were assayed for ER expression by Western blotting and chemotaxis assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male and female EPCs similarly expressed ERs and did not differ in basal migration. Interestingly, 17-β-estradiol (10(-9) and 10(-10) M) significantly inhibited migration in female EPCs but not in males. Moreover, both 10(-5) M THC and 10(-8) M BPA blocked migration in female EPCs, allowing us to hypothesize that the effect is mediated by ER-α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogenic compounds have a sex divergent effect which could help in understanding differences in the pathophysiology of endothelial function observed between men and women.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Campesi
authors: Giampiero
authors: G
authors: Capobianco
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Dessole
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Occhioni
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Montella
authors: Flavia
authors: F
authors: Franconi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C000600034:ESR2 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens