title: Short-term effects of atmospheric particulate matter on myocardial infarction: a cumulative meta-analysis.
abstract: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is hypothesized to increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. We identified 33 studies with more than 4 million MI patients and applied meta-analysis and meta-regression to assess the available evidence. Twenty-five studies presented the effects of the PM level on hospitalization for MI patients, while eight studies showed the effects on mortality. An increase in PM10 was associated with hospitalization and mortality in myocardial infarction patients (RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.011, 95% CI 1.006-1.016; RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.008, 95 % CI 1.004-1.012, respectively); PM2.5 also increased the risk of hospitalization and mortality in MI patients (RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.024, 95% CI 1.007-1.041 for hospitalization and RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.012, 95% CI 1.010-1.015 for mortality). The results of the cumulative meta-analysis indicated that PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with myocardial infarction with the addition of new studies each year. In conclusion, short-term exposure to high PM10 and PM2.5 levels revealed to increase risk of hospitalization and mortality for myocardial infarction. Policy support of pollution control and individual protection was strongly recommended.
authors: Institute of Environment Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xianlei
authors: X
authors: Cai
authors: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
authors: Zhenhong
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: E Marian
authors: EM
authors: Scott
authors: Institute of Environment Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. lixiuyang@zju.edu.cn.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. lixiuyang@zju.edu.cn.
authors: Xiuyang
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Mengyao
authors: M
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Cumulative meta-analysis; Hospitalization; Mortality; Myocardial infarction; Particulate matter