title: Influence of mouth rinses on the surface hardness of dental resin nano-composite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research was to assess the effect of mouth rinses with and without alcohol on the hardness of dental nano-filled composite.
  
  
  METHODS
  The micro-hardness of fifty circular disk shaped specimens of 7 mm x 2 mm were measured after 14 days. Specimens were immersed into alcohol containing (Listerine and Colgate Perioguard) and alcohol-free (Prodent and Sensodyne Oral antiseptic) mouth rinse solutions. Artificial saliva served as the control. Vickers Micro-hardness was measured with a 30gram load for 30 seconds dwell time by using a diamond indenter. Significant differences were represented by p<0.05, whereas highly significant difference represented by p<0.01. The level of significance (p) was calculated with the help of repeated measure ANOVA. For multiple comparisons, Tukey's multiple comparison test was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed highly significant difference between specimens immersed in artificial saliva (control) and Listerine (p<0.01). Whereas significant difference were observed between control and Colgate Periogard (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed on comparing Prodent and Sensodyne Oral antiseptic mouth rinses with control group(p>0.05). Control specimens depicted highest value of micro-hardness(60.5746 ± 3.2703) compared to the lowest value seen in specimens immersed in Listerine solvent(54.4687 ± 1.0937).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol containing mouth rinsing solutions have more deleterious effect on hardness of nano composites as compared to alcohol-free mouth rinses.
authors: Aftab Ahmed Khan, MSc, M.Bioeth, B.D.S. Researcher, Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433; Saudi Arabia.
authors: Aftab Ahmed
authors: AA
authors: Khan
authors: Adel Zia Siddiqui, MSc, B.D.S. Associate Professor, Department of Dental Material Sciences, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, 51 Deh Tor, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi 74600; Pakistan.
authors: Adel Zia
authors: AZ
authors: Siddiqui
authors: Syed Fareed Mohsin, Ph.D, MSc, MFD RCS, MFDS RCPSG, B.D.S. Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology/Oral Medicine, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, 51 Deh Tor, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi 74600; Pakistan.
authors: Syed Fareed
authors: SF
authors: Mohsin
authors: Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif, Ph.D, MSc. Associate Professor & Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433; Saudi Arabia.
authors: Abdulaziz A
authors: AA
authors: Al-Kheraif
keywords: Hardness; Microscopy; Mouth rinses; Nano-filled composite