title: Bike Score®: Associations between urban bikeability and cycling behavior in 24 cities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing interest in designing cities that support not only walking, but also cycling. Bike Score® is a metric capturing environmental characteristics associated with cycling that is now available for over 160 US and Canadian cities. Our aim was to determine if Bike Score was associated with between and within-city variability in cycling behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used linear regression to model associations between Bike Score and journey to work cycling mode share (US: American Community Survey, 2013 or 2012 5-year estimates; Canada: 2011 National Household Survey) for 5664 census tracts in 24 US and Canadian cities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the city level, the correlation between mean Bike Score and mean journey to work cycling mode share was moderate (r = 0.52). At the census tract level, the correlation was 0.35; a ten-unit increase in Bike Score was associated with a 0.5% (95% CI: 0.5 to 0.6) increase in the proportion of population cycling to work, a meaningful difference given the low modal shares (mean = 1.9%) in many North American cities. Census tracts with the highest Bike Scores (>90 to 100) had mode shares 4.0 higher (β = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.9 to 5.0) than the lowest Bike Score areas (0-25). City specific analyses indicated between-city variability in associations, with regression estimates between Bike Score and mode share ranging from 0.2 to 3.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bike Score metric was associated bicycle mode share between and within cities, suggesting its utility for planning bicycle infrastructure.
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Rm 11522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. mwinters@sfu.ca.
authors: Meghan
authors: M
authors: Winters
authors: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. kay.teschke@ubc.ca.
authors: Kay
authors: K
authors: Teschke
authors: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. michael.brauer@ubc.ca.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Brauer
authors: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. daniel.fuller@usask.ca.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Fuller
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002170:Canada; D002947:Cities; D004777:Environment; D004779:Environment Design; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D016138:Walking