title: A Three Generation Study with Effect of Imidacloprid in Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the dose-dependent toxic effects of imidacloprid on the female ratsthat were treated through three generations (F0, F1, and F2). F2 female rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment to see the long-term effect of imidacloprid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into three groups of 6 each. Group I served as control. Group II served as treated I and given 1/45(th) LD50 (10 mg/kg/day) of imidacloprid. Group III served as treated II and given 1/22(th) LD50 (20 mg/kg/day) of imidacloprid. After 60 days, oral administration of imidacloprid females were mated with normal males to get F1 and F2 generation. F2 generation female rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Biochemical and a histopathological investigation was done for three groups of F2 generation and statistically analyzed by ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average feed intake of F2 female rats was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) at 20 mg/kg/day dose of imidacloprid. There was a significant increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, AKP, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Group III rats of F2 generation. There was a significant decrease in acetylcholine esterase activity in plasma and brain of both the imidacloprid treated groups. Tissue samples of liver, kidney, and brain of females of F2 generation showed histopathological condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that imidacloprid at a dose of 20 mg/kg bw/day exerts significant toxicological effects on biochemical and histological studies of F2 generation females as compare to 10 mg/kg bw/day.
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors: Prerna
authors: P
authors: Vohra
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors: Kuldeep Singh
authors: KS
authors: Khera
keywords: Biochemical analysis; histopathology; imidacloprid; wistar albino rat