title: Effects of Current-injection Firing with Ag Paste in a Boron Emitter.
abstract: A high contact resistance for screen-printed contacts was observed when a conventional Ag paste was used on a boron emitter. The results of this study suggest that electron injection during firing is one of the processes that contribute to a lower contact resistance. Larger quantities of Ag precipitates formed upon electron injection into the boron emitter, which was confirmed by observing Ag crystallite or dendrite structures on the boron and by measuring the contact resistance between the boron emitter and the Ag bulk. The electron-injected sample had approximately 10000 times lower contact resistance than an untreated sample. The contact resistance of the electron-injected sample was 0.021 mΩ ∙ cm(2) under optimal conditions, which is lower than that of conventional p-type silicon solar cells. Thus, electron injection can effectively lower contact resistance when using Ag paste in n-type silicon solar cells. During the cooling in the firing process, dissolved Ag ions in the glass layer are formed as dendrites or crystallites/particles. The dendrites are formed earlier than others via electrochemical migration under electron injection conditions. Then, crystallites and particles are formed via a silicon etching reaction. Thus, Ag ions that are not formed as dendrites will form as crystallites or particles.
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chanseok
authors: C
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Wook
authors: JW
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.|Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sungjin
authors: S
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Soomin
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyomin
authors: H
authors: Park
authors: Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hee-eun
authors: HE
authors: Song
authors: School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sam S
authors: SS
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Joo-Youl
authors: JY
authors: Huh
authors: Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology Green School, School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yoonmook
authors: Y
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hae-Seok
authors: HS
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors: Donghwan
authors: D
authors: Kim