title: Immunopotentiation of four natural adjuvants co-administered with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 subunit.
abstract: To improve the efficacy of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) subunit vaccine, the immunological enhancement effects of four natural adjuvants were compared, including Astragalus extract, Astragalus/Bacillus production, propolis, and Freund's adjuvant. The results showed that titers of IgG and neutralizing antibody against highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from the groups of Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund's adjuvant co-administered with a recombinant HP-PRRSV GP5 subunit were the highest among all the experimental groups. In cellular immunity, as shown in T lymphocyte proliferation level, Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund's adjuvant exhibited the most potent immunological enhancement effects. Exceptionally, pigs inoculated with Freund's adjuvant developed severely delayed humoral immune responses within 28 days post inoculation. The adjuvants of Astragalus extract and propolis also exhibited immunological enhancement effects on humoral immune and cell-mediated immune responses, but which were obviously lower than Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund's adjuvant. Following challenge with HP-PRRSV, pigs inoculated with Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund's adjuvant co-administered with GP5 subunit showed lower viremia, slighter clinical signs, and less pathological lung lesions compared with the groups inoculated using Astragalus extract and propolis. In conclusion, from immune responses and immunological protection against HP-PRRSV, the Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant demonstrated the most potent immunological enhancement effect on HP-PRRSV GP5 subunit. Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant showed promise as a candidate immune adjuvant, to more efficiently prevent and control PRRS.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Peng
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.
authors: Yanmei
authors: Y
authors: Yuan
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.
authors: Si
authors: S
authors: Shen
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.
authors: Zhongxiang
authors: Z
authors: Niu
authors: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 10, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors: Yijun
authors: Y
authors: Du
authors: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 10, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors: Jiaqiang
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 10, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 10, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China. wangjb@saas.ac.cn.|Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 10, Jinan, 250100, China. wangjb@saas.ac.cn.
authors: Jinbao
authors: J
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013552:Swine; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C114789:glycoprotein 5, PRRSV
keywords: Immunological enhancement effect; Natural immune adjuvant; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus subunit