title: Increased fucosyl glycoconjugate by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae enhances adherences of Pasteurella multocida type A in the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of how Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae enhances secondary Pasteurella multocida type A infection which leads to porcine enzootic pneumonia in infected pigs. Sixteen pigs were experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and then euthanized at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post inoculation. In situ hybridization for M. hyopneumoniae DNA and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) lectin histochemistry for fucosyl glycoconjugate, was performed in serial lung sections to determine alteration of fucosyl glycoconjugate in M. hyopneumoniae-infected bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. Bacterial overlay assay was performed to determine the affinity of P. multocida type A with L-fucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells that were stained with UEA-I always showed hybridization signals for M. hyopneumoniae but it was negative in the unaffected parts of the lung from M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs and in lung from negative control pigs. Colocalization of M. hyopneumoniae and UEA-I was especially prominent in the luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells in serial section of lung. The mean number of M. hyopneumoniae-positive cells correlated with the mean number of UEA-I-positive cells in lungs from infected pigs throughout the experiment. All eight P. multocida type A isolates from naturally occurring enzootic pneumonia, bound strongly at levels of 2 μg and 5 μg of L-fucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study demonstrate that M. hyopneumoniae increases the L-fucose composition to enhance adherence of P. multocida type A to the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. votongnum@naver.com.
authors: Changhoon
authors: C
authors: Park
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. jju10043@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Jiwoon
authors: J
authors: Jeong
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. kij6988@hanmail.net.
authors: Ikjae
authors: I
authors: Kang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. cokonut@naver.com.
authors: Kyuhyung
authors: K
authors: Choi
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. pseuzin@naver.com.
authors: Su-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. swine@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Chanhee
authors: C
authors: Chae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002923:Cilia; D060085:Coinfection / Q000662:veterinary; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005643:Fucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016979:Pasteurella multocida / Q000502:physiology*; D037121:Plant Lectins; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000382:microbiology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D037121:Plant Lectins; C036850:Ulex europaeus lectins; D005643:Fucose