title: ABVD-Based Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children and Adolescents: Lessons Learnt in a Tertiary Care Oncology Center in a Developing Country.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable malignancy, most current pediatric trials focus on strategies aimed at reducing late effects of therapy. We report our results with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 17 years (1996-2013) data of patients ≤18 years of age with HL. All patients received ABVD chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) was reserved for those with bulky disease or partial response. The analysis was carried out to assess overall survival (OS) and freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) and factors predicting the events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 167 eligible patients, 72 (43.1%) had B symptoms, 28 (16.7%) had bulky disease, 31 (18.6%) had >4 lymph node regions, and 53 (31.8%) had advanced disease (stages III and IV). In all, 87% patients received six cycles of ABVD and IFRT was administered to 51 (30.5%) patients. The 5-year OS and FFTF were 95.9% and 79%, respectively, and were similar in patients treated with or without IFRT. On multivariable analysis, advanced disease (stages III and IV), involvement of >4 lymph node regions, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥500 IU/l at diagnosis were statistically significant factors for FFTF (P = 0.03, 0.003, 0.048, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excellent survival of HL patients in the setting of a developing country reported in this retrospective analysis warrants treatment reduction, especially for early-stage patients. The use of risk- and response-based stratification incorporating disease stage, involved lymph node regions, and serum LDH, along with fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-based response, may guide development of effective and less toxic protocols.
authors: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India.
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Jain
authors: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India.
authors: Gauri
authors: G
authors: Kapoor
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Army College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors: Ram
authors: R
authors: Bajpai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D001761:Bleomycin; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003606:Dacarbazine; D003906:Developing Countries; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D014747:Vinblastine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: Chemotherapy; Hodgkin lymphoma, pediatrics; radiotherapy; staging