title: Ionic liquid as a promising biobased green solvent in combination with microwave irradiation for direct biodiesel production.
abstract: The wet biomass microalgae of Nannochloropsis sp. was converted to biodiesel using direct transesterification (DT) by microwave technique and ionic liquid (IL) as the green solvent. Three different ionic liquids; 1-butyl-3-metyhlimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl], 1-ethyl-3-methylimmidazolium methyl sulphate [EMIM][MeSO4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate [BMIM][CF3SO3]) and organic solvents (hexane and methanol) were used as co-solvents under microwave irradiation and their performances in terms of percentage disruption, cell walls ruptured and biodiesel yields were compared at different reaction times (5, 10 and 15 min). [EMIM][MeSO4] showed highest percentage cell disruption (99.73%) and biodiesel yield (36.79% per dried biomass) after 15 min of simultaneous reaction. The results demonstrated that simultaneous extraction-transesterification using ILs and microwave irradiation is a potential alternative method for biodiesel production.
authors: Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia.
authors: Suzana
authors: S
authors: Wahidin
authors: Institute of Bioproduct Development, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: ani@cheme.utm.my.
authors: Ani
authors: A
authors: Idris
authors: Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors: Sitti Raehanah Muhamad
authors: SRM
authors: Shaleh
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D004951:Esterification; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D006586:Hexanes; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D012997:Solvents; C026385:n-hexane; C502841:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Direct transesterification; Green solvent; Ionic liquid; Microalgae; Microwave