title: Parecoxib Possesses Anxiolytic Properties in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous administration of parecoxib could provide significant pain relief in surgical operations that require additional forms of analgesia. However, very little is known about its effects on the anxiety levels of patients before a surgical procedure. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether intravenous parecoxib, pre-emptively administered, has an effect on anxiety levels experienced post-surgically after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and if it influences the reported pain of the procedure itself.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 patients who underwent TKA under spinal anesthesia were included in the study. Prior to TKA, all patients received continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) and were randomized into two groups: Group D consisted of 45 patients who received the drug parecoxib intravenously in addition to CFNB, whereas Group P consisted of 45 patients who received a placebo drug (N/S 0.9 %) intravenously instead of parecoxib. All patients were asked to fill in the questionnaires STAI1 and STAI2 in order to evaluate anxiety levels pre- and post-surgically, respectively. One of the main aims was to distinguish personality-trait anxiety from state anxiety, i.e., anxiety experience due to the actual perioperative events and the actual pain endured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group receiving parecoxib had statistically significant lower anxiety levels both for personality trait anxiety and state anxiety, as compared to the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our findings, parecoxib had both analgesic and anxiolytic effects in patients undergoing TKA with CFNB.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials: NCT02185924.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Therapy and Palliative Care, Aretaieion University Hospital, 76, Vas. Sophias, 11528, Athens, Greece. dodasarri@yahoo.gr.|Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. dodasarri@yahoo.gr.|The Royal Brompton and Harefield Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK. dodasarri@yahoo.gr.
authors: Despoina G
authors: DG
authors: Sarridou
authors: Department of Anaesthesia and Management, Asklepeion Voulas General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Georgia
authors: G
authors: Chalmouki
authors: University Research Institute for the Study and Treatment of Childhood Genetic and Malignant Diseases, University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.|First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Hematology and Oncology Unit, Choremeio Research Laboratory "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Braoudaki
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Therapy and Palliative Care, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Ioanna
authors: I
authors: Siafaka
authors: Department of Anaesthesia and Management, Asklepeion Voulas General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Chrisi
authors: C
authors: Asmatzi
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Therapy and Palliative Care, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Athina
authors: A
authors: Vadalouka
keywords: Analgesia; Anxiety; Knee arthroplasty; Pain relief; Parecoxib; STAI1; STAI2