title: Exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field induced mitochondrial permeability transition through the ROS/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the biological effects of a 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) on mitochondrial permeability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human amniotic epithelial cells were exposed to MF (50 Hz, 0.4 mT) for different durations. Mitochondrial permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), cytochrome c (Cyt-c) release and the related mechanisms were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to the MF at 0.4 mT for 60 min transiently induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and Cyt-c release, although there was no significant effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Other than decreasing the total Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) level, MF exposure did not significantly affect the levels of Bax and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in mitochondria. In addition, cells exposed to the MF showed increased intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) dephosphorylation at 9 serine residue (Ser(9)). Moreover, the MF-induced MPT was attenuated by ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) or GSK-3β inhibitor, and NAC pretreatment prevented GSK-3β dephosphorylation (Ser(9)) caused by MF exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPT induced by MF exposure was mediated through the ROS/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
authors: a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China ;
authors: Baihuan
authors: B
authors: Feng
authors: a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China ;
authors: Liping
authors: L
authors: Qiu
authors: a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China ;
authors: Chunmei
authors: C
authors: Ye
authors: a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China ;
authors: Liangjing
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China ;
authors: Yiti
authors: Y
authors: Fu
authors: a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China ;|b Institute of Environmental Medicine , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.
authors: Wenjun
authors: W
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
keywords: GSK-3β; Magnetic field; mitochondrial permeability transition; reactive oxygen species