title: Upregulation of ULK1 expression in PC-3 cells following tumor protein P53 transfection by sonoporation.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ultrasound combined with microbubbles was able to enhance liposome-mediated transfection of genes into human prostate cancer cells, and to examine the association between autophagy and tumor protein P53 (P53). An MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability, while flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to measure gene transfection efficiency. Autophagy was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of autophagy-associated genes. The results of the present study revealed that cell viability was significantly reduced following successfully enhanced transfection of P53 by ultrasound combined with microbubbles. In addition, serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 levels were simultaneously upregulated. Castration-resistant prostate cancer is difficult to treat and is investigated in the present study. P53 has a significant role in a number of key biological functions, including DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, autophagy, senescence and angiogenesis. Prior to the present study, to the best of our knowledge, increased transfection efficiency and reduced side effects have been difficult to achieve. Ultrasound is considered to be a 'gentle' technique that may be able to achieve increased transfection efficiency and reduced side effects. The results of the present study highlight a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
authors: Y U
authors: YU
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
authors: Yi-Ni
authors: YN
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
authors: Y U
authors: YU
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
authors: Wen-Kun
authors: WK
authors: Bai
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Hu
keywords: autophagy; prostate cancer cell; sonoporation; tumor protein P53; ultrasound combined with microbubbles