title: Association between the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Executive Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly People.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between arterial stiffness (AS) measured with the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and executive function in community-dwelling elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 140 community-dwelling elderly people who participated in the study at Kobe, Japan during the period of August-September 2014, of which 126 (mean age±SD: 73.2±6.1, female: 67.5%) met the inclusion criteria and completed the study. Age, sex, body mass index, global cognition, existence of chronic disease, medication, smoking history, and years of education were assessed. The degree of AS was assessed using CAVI. Executive function was assessed using the Category Word Fluency Test (CWFT), Letter Word Fluency Test (LWFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We used a correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate whether higher CAVI was independently associated with lower executive function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the univariate analysis, higher mean CAVI correlated with lower CWFT (rho=－0.21, p=0.020), LWFT (rho=－0.32, p＜0.001), and DSST (rho=－0.31, p＜0.001). In the multivariate analysis, higher mean CAVI was associated with lower LWFT (β=－0.21, p=0.046) after adjusting for confounding factors, although there was no association with CWFT (β=－0.05, p=0.61) and DSST (β=－0.06, p=0.51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that high CAVI was associated with lower LWFT. These results suggest that arterial stiffness is associated with lower performance in phonemic fluency.
authors: Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology.
authors: Taiki
authors: T
authors: Sugimoto
authors: Shogo
authors: S
authors: Misu
authors: Ryuichi
authors: R
authors: Sawa
authors: Sho
authors: S
authors: Nakakubo
authors: Yuya
authors: Y
authors: Ueda
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Nakatsu
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Saito
authors: Ryo
authors: R
authors: Nakamura
authors: Shunsuke
authors: S
authors: Murata
authors: Rei
authors: R
authors: Ono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index / Q000379:methods*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods*