title: Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions as measures of patient complexity and nursing care requirement in Intensive Care Unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions for patients admitted to intensive care units and to assess their possible relation with classical outcomes like length of stay and mortality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The analysis of nursing diagnosis frequencies may help to estimate the patients' complexity and the need for nursing interventions and can predict hospital outcomes. Nonetheless, few studies were conducted on critical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 15 July-31 October 2013 we collected the above-described nursing parameters of 100 subjects throughout their stay in intensive care. We classified the parameters according to established taxonomies. The independent association between the number of nursing diagnoses and length of stay/mortality was investigated with multiple regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found an average of 19 diagnoses, 24 outcomes and 60 interventions per patient. Most frequently, the plans of care involved support for self-care deficits or interrupted family processes. They also included strategies to prevent infection, disuse syndrome and impairment of skin integrity. Nineteen nursing diagnoses were significantly related with mortality or length of stay in bivariate analyses. In regression models, the number of such diagnoses explained 29·7% of the variance in length of stay and was an independent predictor of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In critically ill patients, the analysis of nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions confirmed an intense activity in response to a broad spectrum of patient needs. The number of nursing diagnoses allowed to predict patient outcomes.
authors: Emergency Department, University Hospital of Trieste, Italy.
authors: Cristiana
authors: C
authors: Castellan
authors: "Maggiore" Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Sluga
authors: "Cattinara" Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Italy.
authors: Eleonora
authors: E
authors: Spina
authors: University Hospital of Trieste, Italy.|School of Nursing, University of Trieste, Italy.
authors: Gianfranco
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-635X
authors: G
authors: Sanson
mesh_terms: D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: intensive care; nursing; nursing diagnosis; nursing intervention; nursing outcome