title: Reprogramming of Seed Metabolism Facilitates Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance of Wheat.
abstract: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a worldwide problem for wheat production and transgene antisense-thioredoxin-s (anti-trx-s) facilitates outstanding resistance. To understand the molecular details of PHS resistance, we analyzed the metabonomes of the transgenic and wild-type (control) wheat seeds at various stages using NMR and GC-FID/MS. 60 metabolites were dominant in these seeds including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, choline metabolites and fatty acids. At day-20 post-anthesis, only malate level in transgenic wheat differed significantly from that in controls whereas at day-30 post-anthesis, levels of amino acids and sucrose were significantly different between these two groups. For mature seeds, most metabolites in glycolysis, TCA cycle, choline metabolism, biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and fatty acids had significantly lower levels in transgenic seeds than in controls. After 30-days post-harvest ripening, most metabolites in transgenic seeds had higher levels than in controls including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, choline metabolites and NAD(+). These indicated that anti-trx-s lowered overall metabolic activities of mature seeds eliminating pre-harvest sprouting potential. Post-harvest ripening reactivated the metabolic activities of transgenic seeds to restore their germination vigor. These findings provided essential molecular phenomic information for PHS resistance of anti-trx-s and a credible strategy for future developing PHS resistant crops.
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors: Caixiang
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Ding
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors: Fuhua
authors: F
authors: Hao
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.|Wuhan Zhongke Metaboss Ltd, 128 Guang-Gu-Qi-Lu, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors: Men
authors: M
authors: Yu
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors: Hehua
authors: H
authors: Lei
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors: Xiangyu
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Zhengxi
authors: Z
authors: Zhao
authors: National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors: Hongxiang
authors: H
authors: Guo
authors: National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yin
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: Yulan
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.|State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Huiru
authors: H
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009711:Nucleotides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013879:Thioredoxins; D002794:Choline