title: Life Expectancy Varies in Local Communities in Chicago: Racial and Spatial Disparities and Correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Life expectancy in the USA reached a record high of 78.7 years in 2010. However, the racial gap in life expectancy persists. National data, which are readily available, provide averages which mask important local-level differences. Local data are needed to identify the worst off groups, key to reducing disparities and pursuing health equity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using vital records data, we calculated life expectancy for the USA and Chicago by race/ethnicity and gender and for Chicago's 77 community areas. We also examined the correlation between life expectancy and (1) racial/ethnic composition of a community area and (2) median household income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Chicago, the highest life expectancy was observed among Hispanics at 84.6 and the lowest life expectancy was observed among Blacks at 71.7-a difference of about 13 years. Life expectancy varied substantially across the 77 community areas of Chicago, from a low of 68.2 to a high of 83.3-a difference of 15 years. There were strong correlations between life expectancy and the racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic distributions among the community areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The examination of data at the local level provides invaluable insight into which communities are facing the greatest burden in terms of health and well-being. It is only through the examination of local-level data that we can understand the unique needs of these communities and begin to address them.
authors: Sinai Urban Health Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 1500 S. California Ave., Room K443, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA. bijou.hunt@sinai.org.
authors: Bijou R
authors: BR
authors: Hunt
authors: Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Tran
authors: Sinai Urban Health Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 1500 S. California Ave., Room K443, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Whitman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Black; Health disparities; Hispanic; Life expectancy; Race; Socioeconomic status