title: Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Exosomes and Their Role in Protein Trafficking and Biomarker Potential in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Growing evidence indicates that small extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, are prominent mediators of neurodegenerative diseases such as prion, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Exosomes contain neurodegenerative disease associated proteins such as the prion protein, β-amyloid and α-synuclein. Only demonstrated so far in vivo with prion disease, exosomes are hypothesised to also facilitate the spread of β-amyloid and α-synuclein from their cells of origin to the extracellular environment. In the current review, we will discuss the role of exosomes in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease including their possible contribution to disease propagation and pathology and highlight their utility as a diagnostic in neurodegenerative disease.
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. ljvella@unimelb.edu.au.
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: Vella
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. andrew.hill@latrobe.edu.au.
authors: Andrew F
authors: AF
authors: Hill
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. l.cheng@latrobe.edu.au.
authors: Lesley
authors: L
authors: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D017510:Protein Folding; D021381:Protein Transport; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D051844:alpha-Synuclein
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; biomarkers; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; neurodegeneration; protein misfolding; protein trafficking