title: Oral Supplementation with Cocoa Extract Reduces UVB-Induced Wrinkles in Hairless Mouse Skin.
abstract: Cacao beans contain various bioactive phytochemicals that could modify the pathogeneses of certain diseases. Here, we report that oral administration of cacao powder (CP) attenuates UVB-induced skin wrinkling by the regulation of genes involved in dermal matrix production and maintenance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 788 genes are down- or upregulated in the CP supplemented group, compared with the UVB-irradiated mouse skin controls. Among the differentially expressed genes, cathepsin G and serpin B6c play important roles in UVB-induced skin wrinkle formation. Gene regulatory network analysis also identified several candidate regulators responsible for the protective effects of CP supplementation against UVB-induced skin damage. CP also elicited antiwrinkle effects via inhibition of UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinases-1 expression in both the human skin equivalent model and human dermal fibroblasts. Inhibition of UVB-induced activator protein-1 via CP supplementation is likely to affect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1. CP supplementation also downregulates the expression of cathepsin G in human dermal fibroblasts. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, a major in vivo metabolite of CP, showed effects similar to CP supplementation. These results suggest that cacao extract may offer a protective effect against photoaging by inhibiting the breakdown of dermal matrix, which leads to an overall reduction in wrinkle formation.
authors: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong-Eun
authors: JE
authors: Kim
authors: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dasom
authors: D
authors: Song
authors: CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Junil
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jina
authors: J
authors: Choi
authors: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong Rhan
authors: JR
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun-Sun
authors: HS
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jung-Soo
authors: JS
authors: Bae
authors: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mira
authors: M
authors: Han
authors: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sein
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji Sun
authors: JS
authors: Hong
authors: CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dayoung
authors: D
authors: Song
authors: CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seong-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: Health Foods Team, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Myoung-Jin
authors: MJ
authors: Son
authors: CHAUM Life Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang-Woon
authors: SW
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin Ho
authors: JH
authors: Chung
authors: CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: takim@cha.ac.kr.
authors: Tae-Aug
authors: TA
authors: Kim
authors: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kiwon@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Ki Won
authors: KW
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002099:Cacao; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D003094:Collagen; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1