title: Identification and molecular characterization of border disease virus (BDV) from sheep in India.
abstract: Pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in India thus far have been bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) or BVDV-2. During routine genetic typing of pestiviruses in the years 2009-10, border disease virus (BDV) was detected in eight Indian sheep of a flock showing clinical signs of BD by real time RT-PCR. All the samples yielded positive virus isolates in cell culture but were found negative by a BVDV antigen ELISA. A representative BDV isolate was characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analysis carried out in 5'-UTR, N(pro) and E2 regions of genome typed the Indian BDV isolate as BDV-3. A more detailed analysis in N(pro) and entire region coding structural proteins showed that the N(pro) (168), C (100 aa), E(rns) (227 aa), E1 (195 aa) and E2 (373 aa) proteins were of size characteristic for BDV reference strain X818. Antigenic differences were evident between the BDV-3 isolate and previously reported BDV-1, BDV-5 and BDV-7 strains. Although origin of BDV-3 in India is not clear, the results reflect probable introduction through trade in sheep between India and other countries or BDV-3 may be more widely distributed. Additionally, this study suggests that for diagnosis of BDV infection, the commercial BVDV Ag-ELISA should be used with caution. This is the first identification of BDV in sheep in India which highlights the need for continued pestivirus surveillance and assessing its impact on sheep and goat production.
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India. Electronic address: mishranir@rediffmail.com.
authors: Niranjan
authors: N
authors: Mishra
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Katherukamem
authors: K
authors: Rajukumar
authors: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice SK 041 81, Slovakia.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Vilcek
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Semmannan
authors: S
authors: Kalaiyarasu
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Sthita Pragnya
authors: SP
authors: Behera
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Pooja
authors: P
authors: Dubey
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Ram Kumar
authors: RK
authors: Nema
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Vishal Balbhim
authors: VB
authors: Gavade
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Shiv Chandra
authors: SC
authors: Dubey
authors: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: D D
authors: DD
authors: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001882:Border Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D018083:Border disease virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002417:Cattle; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006041:Goats / Q000821:virology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012756:Sheep; D034561:Sheep, Domestic / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000956:Antigens, Viral
keywords: Antigenic typing; Border disease virus; Genetic typing; Pestivirus; Sheep