title: Predictor of cardiovascular risks in end stage renal failure patients on maintenance dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and premature mortality in end stage renal failure patients (ESRD) receiving dialysis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of various risk factors in this group of high CVD risk patients in local population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cross-sectional retrospective study in a single hospital. A total of 136 ESRF patients, consisted of 43 haemodialysis (HD) and 93 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, were recruited and followed up for 36 months duration. Midweek clinical and laboratory data were collected. The occurrence of existing and new CVD events was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple Logistic Regression showed pre-existing cardiovascular event (odds ratio, 4.124; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.990 to 17.187), elevated total cholesterol level (odds ratio, 0.550; 95% CI, 0.315 to 0.963), elevated serum phosphate level (odds ratio, 5.862; 95% CI, 1.041 to 33.024) and elevated random blood glucose level (odds ratio, 1.193; 95% CI, 1.012 to 1.406) were significantly associated with occurrence of CVD events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  History of cardiovascular event before the initiation of dialysis, elevated level of serum phosphate and random blood glucose levels are the risk factors of CVD whereas paradoxically a high total cholesterol level has CVD protective effect towards the ESRF patients.
authors: Christopher Thiam Seong Lim, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: Christopher Thiam Seong
authors: CT
authors: Lim
authors: Xian Hui Yap, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: Xian Hui
authors: XH
authors: Yap
authors: Kuet Jun Chung, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: Kuet Jun
authors: KJ
authors: Chung
authors: Mohamad Azrul Khalid, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: Mohamad Azrul
authors: MA
authors: Khalid
authors: Norhayati Yayha, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: Norhayati
authors: N
authors: Yayha
authors: Latiffah A. Latiff, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: Latiffah A
authors: LA
authors: Latiff
authors: Bak Leong Goh, Department of Nephrology, Serdang Hospital, Malaysia.
authors: Bak Leong
authors: BL
authors: Goh
keywords: CVD risk; End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF); Haemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis