title: Clinical Aspects associated with Syndromic forms of Orofacial Clefts in a Colombian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present descriptive epidemiology of Orofacial Clefts and to determine the association of syndromic forms with antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth, and comorbidities among nested-series of cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study of nested-series of cases was conducted. Frequencies of cleft type, associated congenital anomalies, syndromic, non-syndromic and multiple malformation forms, and distribution of Orofacial Clefts according to sex and affected-side were determined. Odds ratios were calculated as measures of association between syndromic forms and antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth and comorbidities. A total of three hundred and eleven patients with Orofacial Clefts were assessed in a 12-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent type of Orofacial Clefts was cleft lip and palate, this type of cleft was more frequent in males, whereas cleft palate occurred more often in females. The most common cases occurred as non-syndromic forms. Aarskog-Scott syndrome showed the highest frequency amongst syndromic forms. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, developmental dysplasia of the hip, central nervous diseases and respiratory failure showed significant statistical associations (p <0.05) with syndromic forms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide an epidemiological reference of Orofacial Clefts in Colombia. Novel associations between syndromic forms and clinical variables are determined. In order to investigate causality relationships between these variables further studies must be carried out.
authors: Medical School. Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors: Liliana
authors: L
authors: Arias Urueña
authors: Medical School. Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogota, Colombia.
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Briceño Balcazar
authors: Medical School. Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Martinez Lozano
authors: Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics. University of Southampton. Southampton, UK.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Collins
authors: Medical School. Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors: Daniel Alfredo
authors: DA
authors: Uricoechea Patiño
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000453:epidemiology; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000453:epidemiology; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000002:abnormalities; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013577:Syndrome
keywords: Aarskog-Scott syndrome; Cleft lip and palate; Congenital Hip Dysplasia; Pre-eclampsia