title: Outcome of pediatric procedural sedation & analgesia in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is pharmacologically induced state which allows patients to tolerate painful procedures while maintaining protective reflexes. It is the standard of care but there is limited data from Pakistan. Our objective was to assess the safety of the procedural sedation and analgesia in pediatric population at a tertiary care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective notes and record review was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi over 4 years from April 2010 to August 2014. Patients were between ages 6 months to 16 years and were in low risk category. The combination of Ketamine and Propofol were used. Data collected on the standardized hospital PSA form. All procedures were performed by two trained persons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3489 diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were performed. Satisfactory level of sedation was achieved for 3486 (99%) of procedures. Adverse events occurred in 21 (0.6%) patients including: 12 (0.3%) episodes of hypoxia, 07 (0.2%) episodes of apnea, 02 (0.06%) episodes of post sedation hallucination. No major events were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Procedural sedation & analgesia for children using Propofol and Ketamine is found safe and effective in our setting.
authors: Humaira Jurair, FCPS, Senior Instructor, Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors: Humaira
authors: H
authors: Jurair
authors: Amyna Bhimani, Diploma in Nursing, Registered Nurse, Department of Nursing Service, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors: Amyna
authors: A
authors: Bhimani
authors: Anwar-ul-Haque, MD, FAAP, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors: Anwar-Ul-Haque
keywords: Pediatric; Procedural sedation & analgesia; Safety