title: Deep brain stimulation for bipolar disorder-review and outlook.
abstract: Research on deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders has established preliminary efficacy signals for treatment-resistant depression. There are only few studies on DBS that included patients suffering from bipolar disorder. This article gives an overview of these studies concerning DBS targets, antidepressant efficacy, and the occurrence of manic/hypomanic symptoms under stimulation. First, promising results show that all patients experienced significant improvement in depressive symptomatology. In a single case, hypomanic symptoms occurred, but they could be resolved by adjusting stimulation parameters. Furthermore, this article highlights important clinical differences between unipolar and bipolar depression that have to be considered throughout the course of treatment.
authors: 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital,Bonn,Germany.
authors: Sabrina M
authors: SM
authors: Gippert
authors: 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital,Bonn,Germany.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Switala
authors: 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital,Bonn,Germany.
authors: Bettina H
authors: BH
authors: Bewernick
authors: 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital,Bonn,Germany.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Kayser
authors: 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital,Bonn,Germany.
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Bräuer
authors: 2Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery,Freiburg University Medical Center,Freiburg (i.Br.),Germany.
authors: Volker A
authors: VA
authors: Coenen
authors: 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital,Bonn,Germany.
authors: Thomas E
authors: TE
authors: Schlaepfer
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Bipolar disorder; deep brain stimulation; medial forebrain bundle; slMFB; treatment-resistant depression