title: Relationship between dietary patterns and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While some dietary patterns are associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the relationship between dietary pattern and risk factors for CVD in patients with T2DM remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and potential risk factors for CVD in patients with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants comprised 726 Japanese T2DM outpatients free of history of CVD. Life styles were analyzed using self-reported questionnaires. The relationship between dietary patterns, identified by factor analysis, and potential risk factors for CVD was investigated by linear and logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Especially, three dietary patterns were associated with risk factors for CVD. The "Seaweeds, Vegetables, Soy products and Mushrooms" pattern, characterized by high consumption of seaweeds, soy products and mushrooms, was associated with lower use of diabetes medication and healthier lifestyles. The "Noodle and Soup" pattern, characterized by high consumption of noodle and soup was associated with higher body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride levels. The "Fruit, Dairy products and Sweets" pattern was associated with lower γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels, blood pressure, albuminuria and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggested that dietary patterns correlated with risk factors for CVD in T2DM patients.
authors: Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. Yu.osonoi@gmail.com.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Osonoi
authors: Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. tom-m@juntendo.ac.jp.|Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. tom-m@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors: Tomoya
authors: T
authors: Mita
authors: Naka Memorial Clinic, 745-5, Nakadai, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0113, Japan. t-osonoi@kensei-kai.com.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Osonoi
authors: Naka Memorial Clinic, 745-5, Nakadai, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0113, Japan. m-saitou@kensei-kai.com.
authors: Miyoko
authors: M
authors: Saito
authors: Naka Memorial Clinic, 745-5, Nakadai, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0113, Japan. a-tamasawa@kensei-kai.com.
authors: Atsuko
authors: A
authors: Tamasawa
authors: Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. micshiho@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Shiho
authors: S
authors: Nakayama
authors: Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. yksomeya@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Someya
authors: Naka Memorial Clinic, 745-5, Nakadai, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0113, Japan. h-ishida@kensei-kai.com.
authors: Hidenori
authors: H
authors: Ishida
authors: Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. akana@juntendo.ac.jp.|Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. akana@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Kanazawa
authors: Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. robin_gosho@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Gosho
authors: Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. fujitani@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Fujitani
authors: Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. hwatada@juntendo.ac.jp.|Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. hwatada@juntendo.ac.jp.|Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. hwatada@juntendo.ac.jp.|Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. hwatada@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors: Hirotaka
authors: H
authors: Watada
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012307:Risk Factors; D012624:Seaweed; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014675:Vegetables; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D003404:Creatinine; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase