title: A Combination of Remote Ischemic Perconditioning and Cerebral Ischemic Postconditioning Inhibits Autophagy to Attenuate Plasma HMGB1 and Induce Neuroprotection Against Stroke in Rat.
abstract: Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) and ischemic postconditioning (IPOC) are well-acknowledged neuroprotective procedures during ischemic injury. The present study established a combined RIPerC and IPOC (RIPerC + IPOC) model in rats and studied how it would regulate the autophagy process and affect HMGB1 levels in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats with MCAO were treated with RIPerC by fastening and release of the left hind limb to achieve 4 cycles of 5 min remote ischemia reperfusion, 40 min prior to cerebral reperfusion, and then treated with IPOC by exposing the cerebral middle artery to 3 cycles of 30 s reperfusion/30 s occlusion at the onset of cerebral reperfusion. Infarction volumes, neurological deficits, and pathological changes were assessed 24 h after ischemia. The autophagy activator rapamycin (RAP) and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were administrated for further mechanism. The expression and location of HMGB1 and the autophagy-related proteins like LC3, Beclin1, and P62 as well as plasma HMGB1 levels were measured. Our results suggested that RIPerC + IPOC attenuated plasma HMGB1 levels to intensify its neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury via inhibiting the autophagy process.
authors: Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors: Jue
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Han
authors: Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors: Miao
authors: M
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China. fengjuan99999@hotmail.com.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism*; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein
keywords: Autophagy inhibition; Cerebral ischemia reperfusion treatment; HMGB1 translocation; MCAO