title: Metabolites of Siamenoside I and Their Distributions in Rats.
abstract: Siamenoside I is the sweetest mogroside that has several kinds of bioactivities, and it is also a constituent of Siraitiae Fructus, a fruit and herb in China. Hitherto the metabolism of siamenoside I in human or animals remains unclear. To reveal its metabolic pathways, a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight-multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n)) method was used to profile and identify its metabolites in rats. Altogether, 86 new metabolites were identified or tentatively identified, and 23 of them were also new metabolites of mogrosides. In rats, siamenoside I was found to undergo deglycosylation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation, isomerization, and glycosylation reactions. Among them, deoxygenation, pentahydroxylation, and didehydrogenation were novel metabolic reactions of mogrosides. The distributions of siamenoside I and its 86 metabolites in rat organs were firstly reported, and they were mainly distributed to intestine, stomach, kidney, and brain. The most widely distributed metabolite was mogroside IIIE. In addition, eight metabolites were bioactive according to literature. These findings would help to understand the metabolism and effective forms of siamenoside I and other mogrosides in vivo.
authors: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China. yxrxl@sina.cn.
authors: Xue-Rong
authors: XR
authors: Yang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. xufeng_pharm@163.com.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Xu
authors: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China. ldp@gxib.cn.
authors: Dian-Peng
authors: DP
authors: Li
authors: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China. lufenglai@126.com.
authors: Feng-Lai
authors: FL
authors: Lu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. guangxl@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors: Guang-Xue
authors: GX
authors: Liu
authors: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China. ww8304@126.com.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. myshang@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors: Ming-Ying
authors: MY
authors: Shang
authors: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China. hyl@gxib.cn.
authors: Yong-Lin
authors: YL
authors: Huang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. sqcai@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors: Shao-Qing
authors: SQ
authors: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D014315:Triterpenes; C514277:cucurbitane
keywords: LC-IT-TOF-MSn; Siraitia grosvenorii; cucurbitanes; distribution; metabolism; mogrosides; natural sweeteners; saponins; siamenoside I