title: Perceptions of diabetes control among physicians and people with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin in Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
abstract: Objective A large proportion of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain uncontrolled on basal insulin. Yet, there is limited understanding of how people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (PWUD) perceive control and insulin intensification and whether their perceptions differ from those of physicians. The purpose of the study was to investigate perceptions of control and views on insulin intensification among physicians and PWUD. Research design and methods Web surveys of 1012 PWUD on basal insulin and 300 physicians were conducted in Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Results Analyses revealed significant differences between physicians and PWUD. Physicians were significantly more likely than PWUD to indicate that HbA1c (85.0% vs. 78.9%, p < 0.05), complications from diabetes (89.3% vs. 75.3%, p < 0.001), and frequency/severity of hypoglycemia (93.3% vs. 68.6%, p < 0.001) were very/extremely important for deciding whether or not diabetes is well controlled. In contrast PWUD were significantly more likely to place importance on a variety of factors, including energy levels (74.5% vs. 33.0%, p < 0.001), insulin units/day (77.6% vs. 29.0%, p < 0.001) and how predictable life is (72.1% vs. 29.3%, p < 0.001). PWUD also perceived significantly greater obstacles to control and viewed uncontrolled T2D as more interfering in their lives compared to physicians. Physicians were most reluctant to intensify insulin when there is a lack of patient agreement. Worries about weight gain and feelings of 'getting sicker' were the most frequently reported reasons why PWUD on basal insulin were reluctant to intensify insulin. Conclusions Results revealed a significant disconnect between physicians and PWUD in their perceptions of diabetes control. While physicians generally expressed a more focused and clinical view of diabetes control, patients had a broader view. Results also provide insights into PWUD and physicians' reluctance to intensify insulin. The findings suggest that physician and patient education on differing perceptions could benefit communication and improve diabetes management.
authors: a The Brod Group , Mill Valley , CA , United States ;
authors: Meryl
authors: M
authors: Brod
authors: a The Brod Group , Mill Valley , CA , United States ;
authors: Kathryn M
authors: KM
authors: Pfeiffer
authors: b Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom ;
authors: Anthony H
authors: AH
authors: Barnett
authors: c Lund University , Malmö , Sweden ;
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Berntorp
authors: d University of Copenhagen , Hellerup , Denmark ;
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Vilsbøll
authors: e Praxis Hardhof , Basel , Switzerland.
authors: Benno
authors: B
authors: Weissenberger
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D013557:Switzerland; D006113:United Kingdom; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Diabetes control; Diabetes management; Insulin intensification; Perceptions of control