title: Relative deprivation and risk factors for obesity in Canadian adolescents.
abstract: Research on socioeconomic differences in overweight and obesity and on the ecological association between income inequality and obesity prevalence suggests that relative deprivation may contribute to lifestyle risk factors for obesity independently of absolute affluence. We tested this hypothesis using data on 25,980 adolescents (11-15 years) in the 2010 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The Yitzhaki index of relative deprivation was applied to the HBSC Family Affluence Scale, an index of common material assets, with more affluent schoolmates representing the comparative reference group. Regression analysis tested the associations between relative deprivation and four obesity risk factors (skipping breakfasts, physical activity, and healthful and unhealthful food choices) plus dietary restraint. Relative deprivation uniquely related to skipping breakfasts, less physical activity, fewer healthful food choices (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grain breads), and a lower likelihood of dieting to lose weight. Consistent with Runciman's (1966) theory of relative deprivation and with psychosocial interpretations of the health consequences of income inequality, the results indicate that having mostly better off schoolmates can contribute to poorer health behaviours independently of school-level affluence and subjective social status. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the social origins of obesity and targeting health interventions.
authors: Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: frank.elgar@mcgill.ca.
authors: Frank J
authors: FJ
authors: Elgar
authors: Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Xie
authors: Institute for Medical Sociology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: Timo-Kolja
authors: TK
authors: Pförtner
authors: School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: White
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England, UK.
authors: Kate E
authors: KE
authors: Pickett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescence; Food choices; Health behaviour in school-aged children; Physical activity; Relative deprivation; Yitzhaki index