title: Effects of dentifrices differing in fluoride compounds on artificial enamel caries lesions in vitro.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the caries-preventive effect of a stabilized stannous fluoride/sodium fluoride dentifrice containing sodium hexametaphosphate with those of a regular, solely sodium fluoride-containing and amine fluoride-containing dentifrice on pre-demineralized bovine enamel specimens using a pH-cycling model. Bovine enamel specimens with two artificial lesions each were prepared. Baseline mineral loss of both lesions was analyzed using transversal microradiography (TMR). Eighty-five specimens with a mean (SD) baseline mineral loss of 3393 (683) vol% × µm were selected and randomly allocated to five groups (n = 13/15). Treatments during pH-cycling (28 days and 2 × 20 min demineralization/day) were: brushing twice daily with slurries of AmF (1400 ppm F-), NaF (1450 ppm F-), SnF2/NaF (1100 ppm F-/350 ppm F-), and fluoride-free (FF) dentifrices or they were immersed in distilled water and remained unbrushed (NB). Subsequently, from each specimen one lesion was covered with acid-resistant varnish, while the remaining lesion was demineralized for another 14 days. Differences in integrated mineral loss (∆∆Z) were calculated between values before and after pH-cycling (∆∆ZE1) as well as before pH-cycling and after second demineralization (∆∆ZE2) using TMR. Treatments AmF and NaF induced a significantly higher mineral gain (∆∆ZE1/∆∆ZE2) compared to treatments FF and NB (p < 0.05; ANOVA test). Except for treatments AmF and NaF no significant differences in mineral loss between before and after pH-cycling could be observed (p < 0.05; t test) [∆∆ZE1: AmF:1563 (767); NaF:1222 (1246); SnF2/NaF:258 (1259); FF:-52 (1223); NB:-151 (834)]. Both dentifrices with either AmF or NaF promoted remineralization, whereas SnF2/NaF dentifrice did not promote remineralization in a biofilm-free pH-cycling model.
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. rwierichs@ukaachen.de.
authors: R J
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-199X
authors: RJ
authors: Wierichs
authors: Clinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Zelck
authors: Clinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Doerfer
authors: Abteilung Mineralogie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, Ohlshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Appel
authors: Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Assmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Paris
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Esteves-Oliveira
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Meyer-Lueckel
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008852:Microradiography; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D010710:Phosphates; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C005035:hexametaphosphate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: Amine fluoride; Demineralization; In vitro; Sodium fluoride; Stannous fluoride