title: Somatostatin supports corneal wound healing in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of somatostatin (SST) and its analog octreotid (Oct) on corneal wound healing processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The wound healing rate in C57BL/6 mice eyes under SST and Oct treatment was analyzed using an alkali-induced corneal wounding model. Effects of SST and Oct on cell proliferation, migration and quantified protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on human corneal epithelial cells (HCE, cell line) were evaluated by means of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, scratch migration assays and ELISA. ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation was investigated by semi-quantitative western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten nanograms per microliters of SST significantly accelerated the wound closure rate of corneal defects in vivo. SST and Oct had no influence on HCE cell proliferation and migration and did not activate ERK1/2 or p38 signaling in HCE cells. However, there was increased VEGF protein expression in cytosolic proteins and medium supernatants of HCE upon Oct stimulation for 24h. One and 10ng/ml Oct led to a 2.5-fold and 100ng/ml Oct to a 4-fold upregulation of VEGF protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data implicate that SST promotes corneal wound healing in a mouse model. However, using a HCE cell line in vitro, the wound healing mechanism does not seem to be supported by proliferation and migration processes or by activation of ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. Other possible mechanisms could be the activation of other pathways and the induction of growth factors such as VEGF that modulate the observed corneal wound healing process.
authors: Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: uli.hampel@gmail.com.
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Hampel
authors: Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Frömmling
authors: Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Bräuer
authors: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt, Germany.
authors: Ivonne
authors: I
authors: Schaefer
authors: University Medical Center for Ophthalmology, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Saadettin
authors: S
authors: Sel
authors: Eye Clinic Bellevue, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Detlev
authors: D
authors: Holland
authors: Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: friedrich.paulsen@fau.de.
authors: Friedrich
authors: F
authors: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D013004:Somatostatin; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D015282:Octreotide
keywords: Cornea; Migration; Octreotid; Proliferation; Somatostatin; VEGF; Wound healing