title: Vessel Dilation Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Hyperglycemic Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dynamically observe cerebral vascular changes in hyperglycemic rats in vivo and explore the effect of diabetes on endothelial function after ischemic stroke.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Diabetes affects both large and small vessels in the brain, but the dynamic process and mechanism are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the structural and functional changes of brain vasculature in living hyperglycemic rats and their impact on stroke outcomes via a novel technique: synchrotron radiation angiography. We also examined the effect of prolonged fasudil treatment on arterial reactivity and hemorrhagic transformation. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were treated by streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes. These hyperglycemic rats received fasudil pretreatment and then underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that diabetes caused arteries narrowing in the circus Willis as early as 2 weeks after streptozotocin injection (P < 0.05). These vessels were further constricted after middle cerebral artery occlusion. L-NAME could induce regional constrictions and impaired relaxation in hyperglycemic animals. Furthermore, hemorrhagic transformation was also increased in the hyperglycemic rats compared to the control (P < 0.05). In fasudil-treated rats, the internal carotid artery narrowing was ameliorated and L-NAME-induced regional constriction was abolished. Importantly, stroke prognosis was improved in fasudil-treated rats compared to the control (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our dynamic angiographic data demonstrated that diabetes could impair the cerebral arterial reactivity. Prolonged fasudil treatment could attenuate arterial dysfunction and improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke by affecting both the large and small vasculature.
authors: Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Zhi-Hao
authors: ZH
authors: Mu
authors: Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
authors: Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Xiao-Jie
authors: XJ
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Li-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Wang
authors: Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.|Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Xi
authors: Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Zhi-Jun
authors: ZJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yong-Ting
authors: YT
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.|Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Guo-Yuan
authors: GY
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009929:Organ Size; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C049347:fasudil; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: Fasudil; Hyperglycemia; Ischemia; Synchrotron radiation; Vascular dysfunction