title: Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995.
abstract: We conducted a retrospective study of 2,149 clinicalSalmonellastrains to help document the historical emergence of antimicrobial resistance. There were significant increases in resistance to older drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, which were most common inSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium. An increase in multidrug resistance was observed for each decade since the 1950s. These data help show howSalmonellaevolved over the past 6 decades, after the introduction of new antimicrobial agents.
authors: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Laurel, Maryland, USA.
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Tadesse
authors: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: Aparna
authors: A
authors: Singh
authors: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Laurel, Maryland, USA.
authors: Shaohua
authors: S
authors: Zhao
authors: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Bartholomew
authors: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Laurel, Maryland, USA.
authors: Niketta
authors: N
authors: Womack
authors: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Laurel, Maryland, USA.
authors: Sherry
authors: S
authors: Ayers
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors: Patricia I
authors: PI
authors: Fields
authors: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Laurel, Maryland, USA patrick.mcdermott@fda.hhs.gov.
authors: Patrick F
authors: PF
authors: McDermott
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D065288:Serogroup; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D000667:Ampicillin; D013752:Tetracycline; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D013307:Streptomycin