title: Tourette syndrome associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The impact of tics and psychopharmacological treatment options.
abstract: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple chronic motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Several studies describe the association between TS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fifty percent of children diagnosed with ADHD have comorbid tic disorder. ADHD related symptoms have been reported in 35% to 90% of children with TS. Since ADHD is the most prevalent comorbid condition with TS and those with concomitant TS and ADHD present with considerable psychosocial and behavioral impairments, it is essential for clinicians to be familiar with these diagnoses and their management. This paper highlights the association between treating ADHD with stimulants and the development of tic disorders. The two cases discussed underscore the fact that children with TS may present with ADHD symptomatology prior to the appearance of any TS related symptoms. Appropriate management of TS in a patient diagnosed with ADHD can lead to quality of life improvements and a reduction in psychosocial impairments.
authors: Olumide O Oluwabusi, Paul J Ambrosini, Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Friends Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19124, United States.
authors: Olumide O
authors: OO
authors: Oluwabusi
authors: Olumide O Oluwabusi, Paul J Ambrosini, Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Friends Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19124, United States.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Parke
authors: Olumide O Oluwabusi, Paul J Ambrosini, Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Friends Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19124, United States.
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Ambrosini
keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Psychopharmacology; Tics; Tourette syndrome