title: Emerging landscape of cell penetrating peptide in reprogramming and gene editing.
abstract: The plasma membrane remains a major barrier for intracellular drug delivery, to overcome this issue, a variety of approaches have been developed and used to deliver therapeutic cargos. Among these approaches, cell penetrating peptide (CPP) is promising and affords widely used vector for efficient intracellular delivery of cargos. Moreover, the latter findings including iPS reprogramming and direct transdifferentiation as well as gene editing have gradually become hot research topic; because their application in tissue engineering and disease modeling have great potential to advance innovation in precision medicine. Since the beginning, research on these approaches is mainly based on virus transduction system, while, under the consideration for obviating the risk of mutagenic insertion and enables more accurate controlling, CPP-based efficient virus-free delivery strategy has been used recently. In this review, we summarize the existing CPP-based delivery system, emerging landscape of CPP application in stem cell manipulation and reprogramming, along with CPP contributions to gene editing techniques.
authors: Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou 404000, China.
authors: Huiting
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.
authors: Fanhui
authors: F
authors: Zeng
authors: Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Medical Science, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China.
authors: Fajun
authors: F
authors: Huang
authors: Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; School of Medical Science, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China. Electronic address: wangjiajunzhch@126.com.
authors: Jiajun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
authors: Jingjing
authors: J
authors: Guo
authors: Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China. Electronic address: changbail@yahoo.com.
authors: Changbai
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: biomed_wang@yahoo.com.
authors: Hu
authors: H
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072669:Gene Editing; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009696:Nucleic Acids
keywords: Cell penetrating peptide; Gene editing; Reprogramming; Stem cells