title: Effectiveness of open bite correction when managing deleterious oral habits in growing children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Oral habits are common etiological factors for anterior open bites (AOBs) in growing children and adolescents. The objective of this review was to provide a literature synthesis evaluating the effectiveness of open bite correction in growing individuals with the use of habit-interception appliances.
  
  
  
  Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scielo, and Lilacs databases. Trials registries were consulted for ongoing trials, and a partial grey literature search was also conducted.
  
  
  
  The selection criteria included controlled clinical trials enrolling growing subjects who underwent habit-interception orthodontic treatment to correct dental and/or skeletal AOB.
  
  
  
  Data was grouped and analysed descriptively. A meta-analysis was only possible regarding crib therapy effectiveness. Qualitative appraisal was performed according to Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and the MINORS tool for non-randomized clinical trials (nRCTs).
  
  
  
  Two RCTs and nine nRCTs were identified. Most of them presented relevant limitations. Crib therapy demonstrated to be effective (+3.1mm overbite correction). However, most of the dental effects are seemingly lost with time; and the skeletal effects are still controversial. Other habit-interception appliances, such as spurs, were not sufficiently investigated.
  
  
  
  Crib therapy appears to be effective on a short time basis. As for other habit-interception appliances, insufficient evidence could not provide reliable conclusions.
authors: Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Guarulhos University, Brazil, murilo.feres@prof.ung.br.
authors: Murilo Fernando Neuppmann
authors: MF
authors: Feres
authors: Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Lucas Guimarães
authors: LG
authors: Abreu
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina, Brazil and.
authors: Natalia Martins
authors: NM
authors: Insabralde
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina, Brazil and.
authors: Marcio Rodrigues
authors: MR
authors: de Almeida
authors: School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Flores-Mir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015982:Bias; D002648:Child; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D024343:Open Bite / Q000628:therapy*; D057887:Overbite