title: Phototoxic potential of silymarin and its bioactive components.
abstract: Silymarin, a standardized extract of the seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and its major component, silybin, is now used as an active component in a broad spectrum of dietary supplements, cosmetics and dermatological preparations. However, despite its use in skin products, there are no published data to exclude its phototoxic potential. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the phototoxicity of silymarin and its flavonolignans, silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin by validated 3T3 NRU assay. Further, we compared the validated biological system Balc/c 3T3 cell line with other cell models, particularly normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The results showed that silymarin and the flavonolignans silybin, isosilybin, silychristin and silydianin had no phototoxicity towards any of the cells used. In contrast, 2,3-dehydrosilybin was identified as a compound with phototoxic potential. Further study is needed to evaluate the health risks associated with 2,3-dehydrosilybin use in skin preparations.
authors: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Rajnochová Svobodová
authors: Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors: Bohumil
authors: B
authors: Zálešák
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Biedermann
authors: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors: Jitka
authors: J
authors: Ulrichová
authors: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: j.psotova@email.cz.
authors: Jitka
authors: J
authors: Vostálová
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012838:Silymarin / Q000633:toxicity*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D012838:Silymarin
keywords: 3T3 NRU; Balb/c 3T3; Flavonolignans; HaCaT; Phototoxicity; Primary skin cells