title: Lumbopelvic muscle activation patterns in adolescent fast bowlers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent fast bowlers are prone to sustaining lumbar injuries. Numerous components have been identified as contributing factors; however, there is limited empirical evidence outlining how the muscles of the lumbopelvic region, which play a vital role in stabilising the spine, function during the bowling action and the influence of such activation on injuries in the fast bowler.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface electromyography was utilised to measure the function of the lumbar erector spinae, lumbar multifidus, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles bilaterally during the fast bowling action in a group of 35 cricket fast bowlers aged 12-16 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two prominent periods of activation occurred in each of the muscles examined. The period of greatest mean activation in the erector spinae and multifidus occurred near back foot contact (BFC) and within the post-ball-release (BR) phase. The period of greatest mean activation for the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus occurred during phases of ipsilateral foot contact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greatest periods of muscle activation in the paraspinal and gluteal muscles occurred at times where vertical forces were high such as BFC, and in the phases near BR where substantial shear forces are present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The posterior muscles within the lumbopelvic region appear to play a prominent role during the bowling action, specifically when compressive and shear forces are high. Further research is required to substantiate these findings and establish the role of the lumbopelvic muscles in the aetiology of lumbar injury in the cricket fast bowler.
authors: a School of Psychology and Exercise Science , Murdoch University , Murdoch , WA 6150 , Australia.
authors: Mitchell
authors: M
authors: Forrest
authors: b Division of Athletic Training, School of Health, Physical Education and Leisure Studies, College of Education , University of Northern Iowa , Cedar Falls , IA , USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Hecimovich
authors: a School of Psychology and Exercise Science , Murdoch University , Murdoch , WA 6150 , Australia.
authors: Alasdair
authors: A
authors: Dempsey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cricket; activation; bowler; electromyography; lumbopelvic; stability