title: Combining electrostatic powder with an insecticide: effect on stored-product beetles and on the commodity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The opportunity to reduce the amount of pirimiphos-methyl applied to grain by formulating it in an electrostatic powder was investigated. The insecticidal efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl in EC formulation or formulated using electrostatic powder (EP) as an inert carrier was investigated against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Furthermore, the adhesive properties of EP to rice, corn and wheat, together with the effect on bulk density and bread- and pasta-making properties, were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that pirimiphos-methyl formulated with EP provided better efficacy against adults when compared with EC formulation for O. surinamensis and T. confusum, but there was no difference for R. dominica. Progeny production was consistently lower in grain treated with the EP formulation than in grain treated with the EC. Tests showed that EP adhered to the kernels for longer on hard wheat than on maize or rice. In most commodities, EP did not alter the bulk density. Finally, the addition of EP did not affect flour- and bread-making properties, nor the pasta-making properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that an EP could be used to reduce the amount of pirimiphos-methyl applied to grain for effective pest control, with no detrimental effects on grain quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors: Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece. athanassiou@agr.uth.gr.
authors: Christos G
authors: CG
authors: Athanassiou
authors: Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece.
authors: Thomas N
authors: TN
authors: Vassilakos
authors: Global Product Biology Seedcare, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Anna C
authors: AC
authors: Dutton
authors: Exosect Ltd, Winchester, Hants, UK.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Jessop
authors: Exosect Ltd, Winchester, Hants, UK.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Sherwood
authors: Exosect Ltd, Winchester, Hants, UK.
authors: Garry
authors: G
authors: Pease
authors: Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece.|Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: Andreja
authors: A
authors: Brglez
authors: Exosect Ltd, Winchester, Hants, UK.
authors: Clare
authors: C
authors: Storm
authors: Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: Stanislav
authors: S
authors: Trdan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D061353:Food Storage; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D055672:Static Electricity; D014231:Tribolium / Q000187:drug effects; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D048889:Weevils / Q000187:drug effects; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D011208:Powders; C014153:pirimiphos methyl
keywords: electrostatic powder; grain protectants; pirimiphos-methyl; stored-product beetles