title: Salivary Alterations in Rats with Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to analyze changes in saliva composition and salivary secretion process of rats with chronic kidney disease induced by 5/6 nephrectomy to set the foundation for salivary studies related to CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD was induced in Wistar rats via 5/6 nephrectomy. Blood and saliva samples were collected from Control, Sham and CKD groups at 8 and 12 weeks after the surgery. Salivation was stimulated via intraperitoneal injections of pilocarpine (1.0 mg/Kg body weight) or isoproterenol (5.0 mg/Kg body weight). Saliva was collected and immediately stored at -80°C until analysis. The salivary flow rate, total protein, amylase and peroxidase activities, and urea concentrations were measured. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increases in BUN and serum creatinine concentrations were observed in the CKD groups. Amylase activity was significantly reduced in response to both stimuli in the CKD groups at 8 weeks and increased in the CKD groups at 12 weeks in response to isoproterenol stimulus. The peroxidase activities of the CKD groups were significantly reduced in response to isoproterenol stimulation and were increased at 12 weeks in response to pilocarpine stimulation. Salivary urea was significantly increased in the CKD groups at 8 weeks in response to the isoproterenol stimuli and at 12 weeks in response to both salivary agonists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of alterations observed in this experimental model is similar to those observed in patients and clearly demonstrates the viability of 5/6 nephrectomy as an experimental model in future studies to understand the alterations in salivary compositions and in salivary glands that are elicited by CKD.
authors: Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors: Ana Carolina
authors: AC
authors: Romero
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors: Cassia Toledo
authors: CT
authors: Bergamaschi
authors: Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors: Douglas Nesadal
authors: DN
authors: de Souza
authors: Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors: Fernando Neves
authors: FN
authors: Nogueira
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D010862:Pilocarpine; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D010544:Peroxidases; D000681:Amylases; D007545:Isoproterenol