title: Superb microvascular imaging for the detection of parenchymal perfusion in normal and undescended testes in young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the detectability of perfusion difference between normal and undescended testes (UDT) in young children using conventional Power Doppler Imaging (PDI) and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively performed testicular ultrasonography including PDI and SMI for the evaluation of microvascular flow in young children. Microvascular flow was categorized into four grades (grade 0-4). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences between undescended and normal testes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We imaged 40 testes from 20 boys (age, 2-29 months). Testes sizes and volumes were similar between the 29 normal and 11 UDT. PDI demonstrated low grade flow in most normal (19/29) and UDT (11/11) without difference (P=0.130). However, SMI detected differences in flow grades between normal and UDT (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 0.829; P=0.012) and low grade flow on SMI (OR of grade 0, 51.886 with P<0.001 and OR of grade 1, 14.29 with P=0.017) were associated with UDT. These parameters were also significant in multivariate analysis with larger area under the curve, compared with the results using PDI (0.892 vs. 0.726, P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SMI can detect perfusion difference between normal and UDT in young children better than PDI.
authors: Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: asforthelord@yuhs.ac.
authors: Yong Seung
authors: YS
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: mjkim@yuhs.ac.
authors: Myung-Joon
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: swhan58@yuhs.ac.
authors: Sang Won
authors: SW
authors: Han
authors: Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: hslee1@yuhs.ac.
authors: Hye Sun
authors: HS
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: yjim@yuhs.ac.
authors: Young-Jae
authors: YJ
authors: Im
authors: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: lamer-22@yuhs.ac.
authors: Hyun Joo
authors: HJ
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: mjl1213@yuhs.ac.
authors: Mi-Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
keywords: Child; Cryptorchidism; Doppler ultrasonography; Perfusion; Undescended testis