title: Daily Enteral DHA Supplementation Alleviates Deficiency in Premature Infants.
abstract: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid (FA) important for health and neurodevelopment. Premature infants are at risk of DHA deficiency and circulating levels directly correlate with health outcomes. Most supplementation strategies have focused on increasing DHA content in mother's milk or infant formula. However, extremely premature infants may not reach full feedings for weeks and commercially available parenteral lipid emulsions do not contain preformed DHA, so blood levels decline rapidly after birth. Our objective was to develop a DHA supplementation strategy to overcome these barriers. This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial determined feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of daily enteral DHA supplementation (50 mg/day) in addition to standard nutrition for preterm infants (24-34 weeks gestational age) beginning in the first week of life. Blood FA levels were analyzed at baseline, full feedings and near discharge in DHA (n = 31) or placebo supplemented (n = 29) preterm infants. Term peers (n = 30) were analyzed for comparison. Preterm infants had lower baseline DHA levels (p < 0.0001). Those receiving DHA had a progressive increase in circulating DHA over time (from 3.33 to 4.09 wt% or 2.88 to 3.55 mol%, p < 0.0001) while placebo-supplemented infants (receiving standard neonatal nutrition) had no increase over time (from 3.35 to 3.32 wt% or 2.91 to 2.87 mol%). Although levels increased with additional DHA supplementation, preterm infants still had lower blood DHA levels than term peers (4.97 wt% or 4.31 mol%) at discharge (p = 0.0002). No differences in adverse events were observed between the groups. Overall, daily enteral DHA supplementation is feasible and alleviates deficiency in premature infants.
authors: Sanford Research, Children's Health Research Center, 2301 E. 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA. michelle.baack@sanfordhealth.org.|Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd St., Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA. michelle.baack@sanfordhealth.org.|Boekelheide Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sanford Children's Hospital, 1600 W. 22nd St., PO Box 5039, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. michelle.baack@sanfordhealth.org.
authors: Michelle L
authors: ML
authors: Baack
authors: Sanford Research, Children's Health Research Center, 2301 E. 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.|Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd St., Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Puumala
authors: Sanford Research, Children's Health Research Center, 2301 E. 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.|Boekelheide Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sanford Children's Hospital, 1600 W. 22nd St., PO Box 5039, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
authors: Stephen E
authors: SE
authors: Messier
authors: Boekelheide Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sanford Children's Hospital, 1600 W. 22nd St., PO Box 5039, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
authors: Deborah K
authors: DK
authors: Pritchett
authors: Sanford Research, Children's Health Research Center, 2301 E. 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.|Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd St., Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.|OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA.
authors: William S
authors: WS
authors: Harris
mesh_terms: D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids
keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); Essential dietary lipids; Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA); Neonatal nutrition; Premature infants