title: Effects of Propylene Carbonate Content in CsPF₆-Containing Electrolytes on the Enhanced Performances of Graphite Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: The effects of propylene carbonate (PC) content in CsPF6-containing electrolytes on the performances of graphite electrode in lithium half cells and in graphite∥LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) full cells are investigated. It is found that the performance of graphite electrode is significantly affected by PC content in the CsPF6-containing electrolytes. An optimal PC content of 20% by weight in the solvent mixtures is identified. The enhanced electrochemical performance of graphite electrode can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the PC solvent and the Cs(+) additive. The synergistic effects of Cs(+) additive and appropriate amount of PC enable the formation of a robust, ultrathin, and compact solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the surface of graphite electrode, which is only permeable for desolvated Li(+) ions and allows fast Li(+) ion transport through it. Therefore, this SEI layer effectively suppresses the PC cointercalation and largely alleviates the Li dendrite formation on graphite electrode during lithiation even at relatively high current densities. The presence of low-melting-point PC solvent improves the sustainable operation of graphite∥NCA full cells under a wide temperature range. The fundamental findings also shed light on the importance of manipulating/maintaining the electrode/electrolyte interphasial stability in various energy-storage devices.
authors: Jianming
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: Pengfei
authors: P
authors: Yan
authors: Ruiguo
authors: R
authors: Cao
authors: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
authors: Hongfa
authors: H
authors: Xiang
authors: Mark H
authors: MH
authors: Engelhard
authors: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
authors: Bryant J
authors: BJ
authors: Polzin
authors: Chongmin
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Ji-Guang
authors: JG
authors: Zhang
authors: Wu
authors: W
authors: Xu
keywords: cesium cation; graphite exfoliation; lithium-ion battery; propylene carbonate; solid electrolyte interphase