title: Radiographic Landmarks for Identifying the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee.
abstract: To identify the radiographic position of the origin and insertion of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee on a lateral radiograph.
  
  
  
  Twelve unpaired, fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were dissected to expose the ALL. The origin and insertion of the ALL on each cadaver were then tagged using 2-mm radiopaque beads. True lateral fluoroscopic views of the knee were then obtained, and the distance from known radiographic landmarks was recorded by 2 reviewers.
  
  
  
  The origin of the ALL was found at a distance that is 37.0 ± 9.2% of the total anterior-posterior length of the femoral condyle from the posterior edge as measured along Blumensaat's line. The insertion was located at a distance that is 56.1 ± 6.9% of the total length of the tibial plateau from the posterior edge. The origin of the ALL is 5 mm posterior to a line from the posterior femoral cortex and 9 mm distal to a line along Blumensaat's line. The insertion is 4 mm anterior to the 50% mark of the anterior-posterior width of the tibia, 14 mm distal to the articular surface.
  
  
  
  The origin and insertion of the ALL can be accurately identified using intraoperative fluoroscopy.
  
  
  
  Determining radiographic parameters for the ALL will assist in developing accurate surgical techniques for ALL reconstruction.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.. Electronic address: nathanael.heckmann@med.usc.edu.
authors: Nathanael
authors: N
authors: Heckmann
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors: Lakshmanan
authors: L
authors: Sivasundaram
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Villacis
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Kleiner
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Yi
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: White
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors: George F
authors: GF
authors: Rick Hatch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002102:Cadaver; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*