title: Cortical bone histomorphology of known-age skeletons from the Kirsten collection, Stellenbosch university, South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Normal human bone tissue changes predictably as adults get older, but substantial variability in pattern and pace remains unexplained. Information is needed regarding the characteristics of histological variables across diverse human populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Undecalcified thin sections from mid-thoracic ribs of 213 skeletons (138 M, 75 F, 17-82 years, mean age 48 years), are used to explore the efficacy of an established age-at-death estimation method and methodological approach (Cho et al.: J Forensic Sci 47 (2002) 12-18) and expand on it. The ribs are an age-balanced sample taken from skeletonized cadavers collected from 1967 to 1999 in South Africa, each with recorded sex, age, cause of death and government-defined population group (129 "Colored," 49 "Black," 35 "White").
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ethnicity Unknown equation performs better than those developed for European-Americans and African-Americans, in terms of accuracy and bias. A new equation based solely on the study sample does not improve accuracy. Osteon population densities (OPD) show predicted values, yet secondary osteon areas (On.Ar) are smaller than expected for non-Black subgroups. Relative cortical area (Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar) is low among non-Whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this highly diverse sample show that population-specific equations do not increase estimate precision. While within the published range of error for the method (±24.44 years), results demonstrate a systematic under-aging of young adults and over-aging of older adults. The regression approach is inappropriate. The field needs fresh approaches to statistical treatment and to factors behind cortical bone remodeling.
authors: Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 2S2, Canada.|Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa 7701.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Pfeiffer
authors: Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 2S2, Canada.
authors: Jarred
authors: J
authors: Heinrich
authors: Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 2S2, Canada.
authors: Amy
authors: A
authors: Beresheim
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa 8000.
authors: Mandi
authors: M
authors: Alblas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D044383:Black People; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D000071538:Cortical Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013019:South Africa; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
keywords: Western Cape; age-at-death estimation; bone mass; bone remodeling; histology