title: Investigation of cutaneous penetration properties of stearic acid loaded to dendritic core-multi-shell (CMS) nanocarriers.
abstract: Dendritic core-multi shell (CMS) particles are polymer based systems consisting of a dendritic polar polyglycerol polymer core surrounded by a two-layer shell of nonpolar C18 alkyl chains and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol. Belonging to nanotransport systems (NTS) they allow the transport and storage of molecules with different chemical characters. Their amphipihilic character CMS-NTS permits good solubility in aqueous and organic solutions. We showed by multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy that spin-labeled 5-doxyl stearic acid (5DSA) can be loaded into the CMS-NTS. Furthermore, the release of 5DSA from the carrier into the stratum corneum of porcine skin was monitored ex vivo by EPR spectroscopy. Additionally, the penetration of the CMS-NTS into the skin was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy using indocarbocyanine (ICC) covalently bound to the nanocarrier. Thereby, no transport into the viable skin was observed, whereas the CMS-NTS had penetrated into the hair follicles down to a depth of 340 μm ± 82 μm. Thus, it could be shown that the combined application of fluorescence microscopy and multi-frequency EPR spectroscopy can be an efficient tool for investigating the loading of spin labeled drugs to nanocarrier systems, drug release and penetration into the skin as well as the localization of the NTS in the skin.
authors: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: silke.lohan@charite.de.
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Lohan
authors: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Icken
authors: Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin, Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Teutloff
authors: Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Saeidpour
authors: Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin, Germany.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bittl
authors: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lademann
authors: Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Fleige
authors: Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Haag
authors: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany.
authors: S F
authors: SF
authors: Haag
authors: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Meinke
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D050091:Dendrimers; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011108:Polymers; D013229:Stearic Acids; C043941:polyglycerol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C031183:stearic acid; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: 3-(Carboxy)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (PubChem CID: 519874); 5-Doxy stearic acid (PubChem CID: 2724323); Dimethylsulfoxid (PubChem CID: 679); Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR; Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Fluorescein (PubChem CID: 16850); Fluorescence spectroscopy; Hair follicle; Nanotransport system (NTS); Skin penetration; Toluene (PubChem CID: 1140)