title: Citrus bergamia Juice Extract Attenuates β-Amyloid-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Activation of THP-1 Cells Through MAPK and AP-1 Pathways.
abstract: Flavonoids have been shown to be effective in protecting against age-related cognitive and motor decline in both in vitro and in vivo models. Recently, a flavonoid-rich extract of Citrus bergamia juice (BJe) has been shown to display anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against LPS-induced activation of human THP-1 monocytes. In the light of these observations, we wondered whether BJe may be beneficial against neuroinflammatory processes, such as those observed in Alzheimer's disease. To this aim we used THP-1 monocytes to investigate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial potential of BJe against amyloid-beta1-42 (Aβ1-42) -mediated inflammation. Exposure of THP-1 cells to Aβ1-42 significantly induced the expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β in THP-1 cells and increased the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 as well as p46 and p54 members of JNK family. Moreover, Aβ1-42 raises AP-1 DNA binding activity in THP-1-treated cells. Interestingly, all these effects were reduced in the presence of BJe. Our data indicate that BJe may effectively counteract the pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes/microglial cells exposed to amyloid fibrils, suggesting a promising role as a natural drug against neuroinflammatory processes.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, I-98100, Italy.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Currò
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, I-98100, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Risitano
authors: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, I-98168, Italy.
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Ferlazzo
authors: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, I-98168, Italy.
authors: Santa
authors: S
authors: Cirmi
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, I-98100, Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Gangemi
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, I-98100, Italy.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Caccamo
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, I-98100, Italy.
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Ientile
authors: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, I-98168, Italy.
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Navarra
mesh_terms: D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases