title: Fluidity of the Subsyndromal Phenomenology of Borderline Personality Disorder Over 16 Years of Prospective Follow-Up.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the cumulative rates of 2- and 4-year remission, and the recurrences that follow them, of 24 symptoms of borderline personality disorder over 16 years of prospective follow-up.
  
  
  
  A total of 290 inpatients meeting rigorous criteria for borderline personality disorder and 72 axis II comparison subjects were assessed during their index admission using a series of semistructured diagnostic interviews. The same instruments were readministered at eight contiguous 2-year time periods.
  
  
  
  The 12 acute symptoms (e.g., self-mutilation, help-seeking suicide attempts) of borderline personality disorder were more likely to remit for a period of 2 years and for a period of 4 years than the 12 temperamental symptoms (e.g., chronic anger/frequent angry acts, intolerance of aloneness) of this disorder. They were also less likely to recur after a remission lasting 2 years or a remission lasting 4 years.
  
  
  
  Taken together, the symptoms of borderline personality disorder are quite fluid, with remissions and recurrences being common. However, the more clinically urgent acute symptoms of borderline personality disorder seem to have a better prognosis than the less turbulent temperamental symptoms of the disorder.
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.; and the Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.
authors: Mary C
authors: MC
authors: Zanarini
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.; and the Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.
authors: Frances R
authors: FR
authors: Frankenburg
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.; and the Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.
authors: D Bradford
authors: DB
authors: Reich
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.; and the Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.
authors: Garrett M
authors: GM
authors: Fitzmaurice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult