title: Gastrodin Attenuates Cognitive Deficits Induced by 3,3'-Iminodipropionitrile.
abstract: 3,3'-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), one of the nitrile derivatives, can induce persistent neurotoxicity, and therefore cause dyskinesia and cognitive impairments. Gastrodin, a main bioactive ingredient of Gastrodia elata Blume, is shown to greatly improve cognitive function. The aim of this study was to further determine whether administration of gastrodin can ameliorate IDPN-induced cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) task, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that exposure to IDPN (100 mg/kg/day, for 8 days) significantly impaired spatial and object recognition memory and that repeated treatment with gastrodin (150 mg/kg/day, for 6 weeks) could effectively alleviate the IDPN-induced cognitive impairments as indicated by increased spatial memory and discrimination ratio in the MWM and NOR tests. Gastrodin treatment also reverted IDPN-induced decreases of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and increases of a2 GABAA receptor protein expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of IDPN-treated rats. These results suggest that gastrodin treatment may provide a novel pharmacological strategy for IDPN-induced cognitive deficits, which was mediated, at least in part, by normalizing the GABAergic system.
authors: Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiaona
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Li
authors: Department of Urology, North China Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Shandong University School of Medicine, Renqiu, 062552, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jingsheng
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xunbo
authors: X
authors: Jin
authors: Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lianjun
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. zd_sdu@163.com.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Zhang
authors: Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. sp2004@163.com.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D031668:Gastrodia; D005960:Glucosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D005960:Glucosides; D009570:Nitriles; C008110:3,3'-iminodipropionitrile; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C045345:gastrodin
keywords: 3,3′-Iminodipropionitrile; Cognitive deficits; Gastrodin; a2 GABAA receptor; γ-Aminobutyric acid