title: Atrioventricular conduction disturbances immediately after hepatic graft reperfusion and their outcomes in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
abstract: Hemodynamic perturbation during hepatic graft reperfusion in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is challenging and is frequently accompanied by bradyarrhythmia and even asystole. However, detailed data on electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during reperfusion are almost nonexistent, although the correct diagnosis by record is important for the treatment. We aimed to identify ECG rhythm disturbances during graft reperfusion and to investigate risk factors and outcomes. Data from 1065 consecutive patients who underwent adult LT were analyzed. The incidence, type, and detailed characteristics of ECG changes immediately after graft reperfusion were assessed using an electronically archived intraoperative ECG database. We analyzed risk factors, postoperative outcomes including major cardiovascular events, 30-day and 1-year mortalities of recipients based on the occurrence of atrioventricular (AV) block, and asystole during reperfusion. The typical pattern of postreperfusion bradyarrhythmia was progressive PR interval prolongation until a Mobitz type 1 AV block occurred. The overall incidence of AV block was 5.0% (53/1065), and 30.2% of them (16/53) had initiated as AV block and then progressed into ventricular asystole. Fulminant hepatic failure was a significant predictor for occurrence of AV block (odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 3.38-15.32; P < 0.001). Patients with AV block showed significantly higher incidence of postoperative major cardiovascular events (P < 0.001) and 30-day mortality (P = 0.002) than those without AV block, whereas the 1-year mortality was not different between the 2 groups (P = 0.10). The postreperfusion asystole was consistently preceded by a Mobitz type 1 AV block. The occurrence of AV block and asystole appears to be an important prognosticator. Therefore, maintaining an optimal range of physiological status and gradual unclamping of the vena cava to avoid sudden atrial distension are recommended in high-risk patients during reperfusion period. Liver Transplantation 22 956-967 2016 AASLD.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Sung-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Young-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Moon
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Sooho
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Sung-Moon
authors: SM
authors: Jeong
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jun-Gol
authors: JG
authors: Song
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Gyu-Sam
authors: GS
authors: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019737:Transplants / Q000098:blood supply