title: Chylomicrons: Advances in biology, pathology, laboratory testing, and therapeutics.
abstract: The adequate absorption of lipids is essential for all mammalian species due to their inability to synthesize some essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Chylomicrons (CMs) are large, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that are produced in intestinal enterocytes in response to fat ingestion, which function to transport the ingested lipids to different tissues. In addition to the contribution of CMs to postprandial lipemia, their remnants, the degradation products following lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase, are linked to cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will focus on the structure-function and metabolism of CMs. Second, we will analyze the impact of gene defects reported to affect CM metabolism and, also, the role of CMs in other pathologies, such as atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Third, we will provide an overview of the laboratory tests currently used to study CM disorders, and, finally, we will highlight current treatments in diseases affecting CMs.
authors: Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jjulve@santpau.cat.
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Julve
authors: Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jmartinca@santpau.cat.
authors: Jesús M
authors: JM
authors: Martín-Campos
authors: Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Joan Carles
authors: JC
authors: Escolà-Gil
authors: Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Blanco-Vaca
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D002914:Chylomicrons
keywords: Abetalipoproteinemia; Atherosclerosis; Chylomicron; Chylomicron retention disease; Enterocyte; Hypobetalipoproteinemia; Laboratory testing; Therapy; Triglyceride; Type I hyperlipidemia; Type V hyperlipidemia