title: Acceptability of a Rinse Screening Test for Diagnosing Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Among Black Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a debilitating and deadly disease. We evaluated an easy-to-administer and innovative rinse that assays soluble CD44 and total protein as HNSCC early detection markers. We examined whether the rinse was acceptable and whether the results would promote screening behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 150) from underserved, low-income Black American backgrounds completed assessments of satisfaction, intention to repeat test, and likely screening behavior after receiving results. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rinse was highly acceptable to participants and perceived to be acceptable among peers. Participants strongly agreed that they would perform the rinse as prescribed, engage in preventative behaviors if results indicated risk of cancer, and initiate treatment if they had a positive cancer finding. Employed participants slightly disliked the taste of the rinse but were more likely to schedule a follow-up appointment and engage in preventative behaviors based on the results. Those with health-care coverage (including public health insurance) reported that the test was harder to perform than those who were uninsured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An easy-to-use rinse technique is acceptable and likely to promote screening behavior among Black Americans at risk for HNSCC. Given that many cancer screening modalities are considered unpleasant to undergo, this rinse holds promise for promoting screening behaviors and, thereby, may result in early detection of this potentially fatal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.|Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Suzanne C
authors: SC
authors: Lechner
authors: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Lutécia
authors: L
authors: Pereira
authors: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Erika
authors: E
authors: Reategui
authors: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Gordon
authors: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.|Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Byrne
authors: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Monica Webb
authors: MW
authors: Hooper
authors: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.|Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street 5th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. mabouyared@med.miami.edu.
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Abouyared
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street 5th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Franzmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D011203:Poverty; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors
keywords: Black Americans; Cancer screening; HNSCC; Head and neck cancer; Screening rinse