title: Fascia Origin of Adipose Cells.
abstract: Adipocytes might arise from vascular stromal cells, pericytes and endothelia within adipose tissue or from bone marrow cells resident in nonadipose tissue. Here, we identified adipose precursor cells resident in fascia, an uninterrupted sheet of connective tissue that extends throughout the body. The cells and fragments of superficial fascia from the rat hindlimb were highly capable of spontaneous and induced adipogenic differentiation but not myogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Fascial preadipocytes expressed multiple markers of adipogenic progenitors, similar to subcutaneous adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) but discriminative from visceral ASCs. Such preadipocytes resided in fascial vasculature and were physiologically active in vivo. In growing rats, adipocytes dynamically arose from the adventitia to form a thin adipose layer in the fascia. Later, some adipocytes appeared to overlay on top of other adipocytes, an early sign for the formation of three-dimensional adipose tissue in fascia. The primitive adipose lobules extended invariably along blood vessels toward the distal fascia areas. At the lobule front, nascent capillaries wrapped and passed ahead of mature adipocytes to form the distal neovasculature niche, which might replenish the pool of preadipocytes and supply nutrients and hormones necessary for continuous adipogenesis. Our findings suggest a novel model for the origin of adipocytes from the fascia, which explains both neogenesis and expansion of adipose tissue. Fascial preadipocytes generate adipose cells to form primitive adipose lobules in superficial fascia, a subcutaneous nonadipose tissue. With continuous adipogenesis, these primitive adipose lobules newly formed in superficial fascia may be the rudiment of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Stem Cells 2016;34:1407-1419.
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Xueying
authors: X
authors: Su
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Lyu
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Weiyi
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yanfei
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Danhua
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Suning
authors: S
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Congkuo
authors: C
authors: Du
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Geng
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Health Care Center School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Carole
authors: C
authors: Sztalryd
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Guoheng
authors: G
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage; D048430:Cell Shape; D005205:Fascia / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010641:Phenotype; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013045:Species Specificity; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology
keywords: Adipogenesis; Adipose precursor cell; Fascia-derived stromal cell; Preadipocyte; Superficial fascia