title: Quantification of Shunt Volume Through Ventricular Septal Defect by Real-Time 3-D Color Doppler Echocardiography: An in Vitro Study.
abstract: Quantification of shunt volume is important for ventricular septal defects (VSDs). The aim of the in vitro study described here was to test the feasibility of using real-time 3-D color Doppler echocardiography (RT3-D-CDE) to quantify shunt volume through a modeled VSD. Eight porcine heart phantoms with VSDs ranging in diameter from 3 to 25 mm were studied. Each phantom was passively driven at five different stroke volumes from 30 to 70 mL and two stroke rates, 60 and 120 strokes/min. RT3-D-CDE full volumes were obtained at color Doppler volume rates of 15, 20 and 27 volumes/s. Shunt flow derived from RT3-D-CDE was linearly correlated with pump-driven stroke volume (R = 0.982). RT3-D-CDE-derived shunt volumes from three color Doppler flow rate settings and two stroke rate acquisitions did not differ (p > 0.05). The use of RT3-D-CDE to determine shunt volume though VSDs is feasible. Different color volume rates/heart rates under clinically/physiologically relevant range have no effect on VSD 3-D shunt volume determination.
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors: Meihua
authors: M
authors: Zhu
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Ashraf
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors: Lydia
authors: L
authors: Tam
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors: Cole
authors: C
authors: Streiff
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors: Sumito
authors: S
authors: Kimura
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors: Eriko
authors: E
authors: Shimada
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. Electronic address: sahnd@ohsu.edu.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Sahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001810:Blood Volume; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013552:Swine
keywords: Real-time 3-D color Doppler echocardiography; Shunt volume; Ventricular septal defect