title: Accumulation characteristics and correlation analysis of five ginsenosides with different cultivation ages from different regions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ginseng (the roots of Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-known traditional Oriental medicine and is now widely used as a health food. It contains several types of ginsenosides, which are considered the major active medicinal components of ginseng. It has recently been reported that the qualitative and quantitative properties of ginsenosides found in ginseng may differ, depending on cultivation regions, ages, species, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to study these variations with respect to cultivation ages and regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 3-6-yr-old roots of P. ginseng were collected from three different cultivation regions. The contents of five ginsenosides (Rb1, Rd, Rc, Re, and Rgl) were measured by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The Kruskal-Wallis Rank sum test and multiple t test were used for comparative analysis of the data to evaluate the dynamic changes in the accumulation of these ginsenosides affected by cultivation regions and ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The content and composition of ginsenosides varied significantly among specimens collected from different cultivation regions and having different cultivation ages. For all samples, the content of Rg1 and Re ginsenosides increases with age and this rate of increase is different for each sample. The contents of Rb1, Rc, and Rd varied with cultivation ages in samples from different cultivation regions; especially, Rb1 from a 6-yr-old root showed approximately twofold variation among the samples from three cultivation regions. Furthermore, the content of Rb1 highly correlated with that of Rd (r = 0.89 across all locations and ages).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, only the contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re were affected by the root age. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, and Rd varied widely with ages in samples from different cultivation regions.
authors: Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yan'an Street, Changchun 130000, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Xiao
authors: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Yue
authors: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Xiu
authors: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors: Xiuli
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors: YiBo
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Street, Changchun 130117, China.
authors: ShuYing
authors: S
authors: Liu
keywords: Panax ginseng; cultivation; ginsenosides; harvest age; regions