title: Sleep, eating disorder symptoms, and daytime functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between eating disorders, body mass index (BMI), sleep disorders, and daytime functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  N=574 Dutch young adults (18-35 years old).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed a survey on eating and sleep habits including the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary care (ESP) and SLEEP-50 questionnaire subscales for sleep apnea, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder (CRD), and daytime functioning. SLEEP-50 outcomes of participants who screened negative (≤2) and positive (>2) on the ESP were compared. In addition, SLEEP-50 scores of groups of participants with different ESP scores (0-4) and different BMI groups (ie, underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese) were compared using nonparametric statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 12% (n=67) of participants screened positive for having an eating disorder. Relative to participants without eating disorders, participants who screened positive for eating disorders reported significantly higher scores on sleep apnea (3.7 versus 2.9, P=0.012), insomnia (7.7 versus 5.5, P<0.0001), CRD (2.9 versus 2.3, P=0.011), and impairment of daytime functioning (8.8 versus 5.8, P=0.0001). ESP scores were associated with insomnia (r=0.117, P=0.005), sleep apnea (r=0.118, P=0.004), sleep quality (r=-0.104, P=0.012), and daytime functioning (r=0.225, P<0.0001), but not with CRD (r=0.066, P=0.112). BMI correlated significantly with ESP scores (r=0.172, P<0.0001) and scores on sleep apnea (r=0.171, P<0.0001). When controlling for BMI, the partial correlation between ESP and sleep apnea remained significant (r=0.10, P=0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants who score positive for eating disorders scored significantly higher on sleep disorder scales, and reported significantly more impairment of daytime functioning.
authors: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors: Marilou Dp
authors: MD
authors: Tromp
authors: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors: Anouk Amt
authors: AA
authors: Donners
authors: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Garssen
authors: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Joris C
authors: JC
authors: Verster
keywords: apnea; circadian rhythm disorder; daytime functioning; eating disorders; insomnia; sleep disorders