title: Host manipulation by cancer cells: Expectations, facts, and therapeutic implications.
abstract: Similar to parasites, cancer cells depend on their hosts for sustenance, proliferation and reproduction, exploiting the hosts for energy and resources, and thereby impairing their health and fitness. Because of this lifestyle similarity, it is predicted that cancer cells could, like numerous parasitic organisms, evolve the capacity to manipulate the phenotype of their hosts to increase their own fitness. We claim that the extent of this phenomenon and its therapeutic implications are, however, underappreciated. Here, we review and discuss what can be regarded as cases of host manipulation in the context of cancer development and progression. We elaborate on how acknowledging the applicability of these principles can offer novel therapeutic and preventive strategies. The manipulation of host phenotype by cancer cells is one more reason to adopt a Darwinian approach in cancer research.
authors: CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France.
authors: Tazzio
authors: T
authors: Tissot
authors: CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France.
authors: Audrey
authors: A
authors: Arnal
authors: CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France.
authors: Camille
authors: C
authors: Jacqueline
authors: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Poulin
authors: CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France.
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Lefèvre
authors: Evolution, Génomes, Comportement and Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Mery
authors: CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France.
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Renaud
authors: CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France.|Unité mixte internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO), BondyCedex, France.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Roche
authors: Université de Lille, UMR 8198, Unité EEP, Ecoimmunology Group, Lille, France.
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Massol
authors: Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) INSERM U1192, Université Lille, Lille, France.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Salzet
authors: Department of Biology and the Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Ewald
authors: Université de Lille, UMR 8198, Unité EEP, Ecoimmunology Group, Lille, France.
authors: Aurélie
authors: A
authors: Tasiemski
authors: Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia.
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Ujvari
authors: CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010641:Phenotype; D019139:Tumor Escape; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
keywords: cancer cell; cancer progression; clinical oncology; host manipulation; parasitic ecology