title: Peroxide Natural Products from Plakortis zyggompha and the Sponge Association Plakortis halichondrioides-Xestospongia deweerdtae: Antifungal Activity against Cryptococcus gattii.
abstract: Cryptococcus gattii is a human pathogen and causative agent of a pernicious, sometimes fatal, disseminated fungal disease. Investigation of antifungal extracts of the marine sponge association Plakortis halichondrioides-Xestospongia deweerdtae and the sponge Plakortis zyggompha from the Bahamas led to the discovery and isolation of 6-epi-7,8-dihydroplakortide K (1), plakortide AA (2), and three new plakinic acids, N-P (4-6; unstable 1,2-dioxolanes bearing benzyl-substituted conjugated dienes), along with known plakinic acids L, K, and M.5 Chiroptical comparisons and DFT calculations of (13)C NMR chemical shifts were used to assign the absolute stereostructure of 4. The stereospecific base-promoted rearrangement-saponification of 1 to 10 was briefly investigated and showed tight kinetic control and stereospecific formation of the new C-2 stereocenter with inversion at C-3. Plakinic acid M and plakortides 9 and 11 exhibited antifungal activity against C. gattii (MIC90 = 2.4 to 36 μM), but plakinic acids N-P were inactive under the same conditions.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and §Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.
authors: Matthew T
authors: MT
authors: Jamison
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and §Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.
authors: Doralyn S
authors: DS
authors: Dalisay
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and §Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.
authors: Tadeusz F
authors: TF
authors: Molinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001444:Bahamas; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056285:Cryptococcus gattii / Q000737:chemistry*; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D008386:Marine Biology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047229:Plakortis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D047131:Xestospongia / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D004146:Dioxanes; D010545:Peroxides; C550220:plakinic acid L