title: Carbohydrate gel ingestion during running in the heat on markers of gastrointestinal distress.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise in the heat by measuring markers of gastrointestinal damage and inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Active subjects (n = 7) completed two 60-min running trials in a heated environment (70% VO2max, 30°C). At minute 20 of exercise, subjects consumed a carbohydrate gel (Cho) (27 g), or a non-carbohydrate placebo (nCho). Plasma endotoxin, I-FABP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and MCP-1 were measured pre-exercise, 20-min post-exercise, and again 2-h, and 4-h post-exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endotoxin increased 20-min post-exercise compared to pre in the Cho trial only (p = .03). I-FABP levels increased 20-min post-exercise in the Cho trial only compared to pre-exercise (p = .003). I-FABP levels were also increased in Cho trial 20-min post-exercise when compared to same time point in the nCho trial (p = .032). TNF-α increased 20-min post-exercise in the Cho trial only compared to pre (p = .03). Plasma IL-6 concentration increased 20-min post-exercise when compared to pre in both the Cho (p = .002) and nCho (p = .009), but remained elevated at the 2-h time point in the nCho trial (p = .03). I-FABP and several plasma cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, Il-6) returned to baseline sooner in the Cho trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of carbohydrate gel during exercise in the heat enhances markers of gastrointestinal wall damage.
authors: a School of Health Sciences , College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI 48858 , USA.
authors: Jenna
authors: J
authors: Sessions
authors: a School of Health Sciences , College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI 48858 , USA.
authors: Kelsey
authors: K
authors: Bourbeau
authors: a School of Health Sciences , College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI 48858 , USA.
authors: Mattina
authors: M
authors: Rosinski
authors: a School of Health Sciences , College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI 48858 , USA.
authors: Taylor
authors: T
authors: Szczygiel
authors: a School of Health Sciences , College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI 48858 , USA.
authors: Rachael
authors: R
authors: Nelson
authors: a School of Health Sciences , College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI 48858 , USA.
authors: Naveen
authors: N
authors: Sharma
authors: a School of Health Sciences , College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI 48858 , USA.
authors: Micah
authors: M
authors: Zuhl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004731:Endotoxins; D005782:Gels
keywords: Intestinal integrity; carbohydrate ingestion; inflammation; running