title: Copy number variation of a gene cluster encoding endopolygalacturonase mediates flesh texture and stone adhesion in peach.
abstract: Texture is an important attribute affecting consumer perception of fruit quality. Peach melting flesh and flesh adhesion to stone (endocarp) are simply inherited and controlled by the F-M locus on linkage group (LG) 4. Here, we report that two genes encoding endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) in the F-M locus, designated PpendoPGF and PpendoPGM, are associated with the melting flesh and stone adhesion traits. PpendoPGM controls melting flesh while PpendoPGF has pleiotropic effects on both melting flesh and stone adhesion. The F-M locus has three allelic copy number variants of endoPG, H1 (PpendoPGF and PpendoPGM), H2 (PpendoPGM), and H3 (null). The H2 haplotype represents the ancestral one while the H1 and H3 haplotypes are two variants due to duplication and deletion of PpendoPGM, respectively. Accessions with H1H1, H1H2, or H1H3 genotypes show the freestone or semi-freestone and melting flesh phenotype, while both H2H2 and H2H3 accessions have the clingstone and melting flesh phenotype. The H3H3 accessions have the clingstone and non-melting flesh phenotype. Our study not only demonstrates a driving role of gene copy number variations in flesh texture diversification in fruit trees, but also provides a useful diagnostic tool for early seedling selection in peach breeding programmes.
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Gu
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhou
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Baiquan
authors: B
authors: Ma
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Hongyu
authors: H
authors: Zheng
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Fang
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Collins
authors: C
authors: Ogutu
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors: Sornkanok
authors: S
authors: Vimolmangkang
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-African Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China yphan@wbgcas.cn.
authors: Yuepeng
authors: Y
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations / Q000235:genetics*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005638:Fruit / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D056426:Genetic Loci; D018745:Genome, Plant; D008957:Models, Genetic; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000235:genetics*; D000068239:Prunus persica / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D011096:Polygalacturonase
keywords: Copy number variation; flesh texture; melting flesh; peach; polygalacturonase; stone adhesion.