title: Gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates.
abstract: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating intestinal disease in preterm neonates. In this population, disruption of the gut microbiota development, mainly due to organ immaturity, antibiotic use and hospital microbial environment, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NEC. This gut dysbiosis has been associated with opportunistic pathogens overgrowth, expression of virulence factors, altered metabolic functions and inflammatory dysregulated responses. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the host and gut microbiota interactions during the formative early life. We also explore the key determinants of gut dysbiosis in preterm neonates with NEC. Finally, we discuss the promising role of bacteriotherapy in the management of NEC, the aim being to shape or restore the beneficial gut bacterial communities.
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors: Nadim
authors: N
authors: Cassir
authors: Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Suisse, Switzerland.
authors: Umberto
authors: U
authors: Simeoni
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: La Scola
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064806:Dysbiosis; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D009324:Naturopathy; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: bacteriotherapy; gut dysbiosis; gut microbiota; gut–brain axis; necrotizing enterocolitis; preterm neonates