title: Outcome measures in older persons with acquired joint contractures: a systematic review and content analysis using the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) as a reference.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Joint contractures are a common health problem in older persons with significant impact on activities of daily living. We aimed to retrieve outcome measures applied in studies on older persons with joint contractures and to identify and categorise the concepts contained in these outcome measures using the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) as a reference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic searches of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Pedro and the Cochrane Library were conducted (1/2002-8/2012). We included studies in the geriatric rehabilitation and nursing home settings with participants aged ≥ 65 years and with acquired joint contractures. Two independent reviewers extracted the outcome measures and transferred them to concepts using predefined conceptual frameworks. Concepts were subsequently linked to the ICF categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 1057 abstracts retrieved, 60 studies met the inclusion criteria. We identified 52 single outcome measures and 24 standardised assessment instruments. A total of 1353 concepts were revealed from the outcome measures; 96.2% could be linked to 50 ICF categories in the 2nd level; 3.8% were not categorised. Fourteen of the 50 categories (28%) belonged to the component Body Functions, 4 (8%) to the component Body Structures, 26 (52%) to the component Activities and Participation, and 6 (12%) to the component Environmental Factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ICF is a valuable reference for identifying and quantifying the concepts of outcome measures on joint contractures in older people. The revealed ICF categories remain to be validated in populations with joint contractures in terms of clinical relevance and personal impact.
authors: Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. Gabriele.Bartoszek@uni-wh.de.|Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. Gabriele.Bartoszek@uni-wh.de.
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Bartoszek
authors: Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Uli.Fischer@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Uli
authors: U
authors: Fischer
authors: Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Martin.Mueller@med.uni-muenchen.de.|German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Martin.Mueller@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Müller
authors: Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Ralf.Strobl@med.uni-muenchen.de.|German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Ralf.Strobl@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Strobl
authors: Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Eva.Grill@med.uni-muenchen.de.|German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Eva.Grill@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Grill
authors: Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. Stephan.Nadolny@uni-wh.de.
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Nadolny
authors: Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. Gabriele.Meyer@medizin.uni-halle.de.|Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. Gabriele.Meyer@medizin.uni-halle.de.
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001168:Arthritis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003286:Contracture / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*