title: Removal of phenol in phenolic resin wastewater by a novel biomaterial: the Phanerochaete chrysosporium pellet containing chlamydospore-like cells.
abstract: A novel biomaterial, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium pellet (CP) composed of chlamydospore-like cells (CLCs), was prepared and its potential in treating phenolic resin wastewater was evaluated. CP possesses higher phenol removal ability in contrast with mycelial pellets of P. chrysosporium, and CLC can be seen as the naturally immobilized enzymes. At shake-flask level, the ideal pH value, temperature, and inoculation quantity of CP for treatment of 1430 mg/l phenol wastewater were pH 4-6, 30 °C, and 5.0 g/l, respectively, and the maximum specific removal rate, 41.1 mg phenol/g CP/h, was obtained in fixed bed reactor (FBR) when the flow rate of wastewater was 3.4 l/h. During the treatment, FBR harbored amounts of bacteria (135 genera) and eukaryotes, as analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. Bacterial pollution not only decreased reactor performance but also had a negative impact on reusability of CP. Hot water treatment (80-85 °C) is effective to inhibit bacterial pollution, and heat resistance of CLC makes the repeated regrowing of CP be feasible. This work presents an innovative and low-cost biomaterial for phenol removal and will be helpful for the practical application of P. chrysosporium in wastewater treatment.
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China. whl@htu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules, University of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453007, China. whl@htu.edu.cn.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Hailei
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Ping
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Medicine, Henan Medical College, Xinzheng, 451191, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Hui
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005557:Formaldehyde; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D062065:Wastewater; C011529:phenol-formaldehyde resin
keywords: Chlamydospore-like cell; Lignin peroxidase; Metagenomic analysis; Mn-dependent peroxidase; Phenol