title: Vestibular pathology in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct.
abstract: To establish the prevalence of abnormal vestibular test findings in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and determine if these findings correlate with clinical symptoms, radiographic findings (EVA size and laterality), audiometric findings, and genetic testing in these patients.
  
  
  
  Prospective cohort.
  
  
  
  Patients 3 to 12 years of age with hearing loss and imaging findings consistent with EVA treated at our tertiary care institution were sequentially enrolled from 2009 to 2011. The following six outcome measurements were analyzed: audiometric findings, EVA laterality, temporal bone measurements, genetic testing, vestibular testing (cervical-evoked myogenic potentials, posturography, rotational chair, and calorics), and vestibular symptoms.
  
  
  
  Twenty-seven patients with EVA (mean age 9.2 years, 48% female) were enrolled in and completed the study. Vertigo was reported in six patients. Twenty-four of 27 (89%) had at least one abnormal vestibular test result. Midpoint and operculum size correlated with directional preponderance (P = .042 and P = .032, respectively). Also, high-frequency pure tone average (HFPTA) correlated with unilateral weakness (P = .002). Walking at a later age correlated with abnormal posturography results. There was no correlation between EVA laterality and vestibular test findings.
  
  
  
  We found a high rate of vestibular pathology in children with EVA; however, the prevalence of abnormal vestibular test findings in this patient population was not correlated with vestibular symptoms. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct size, HFPTA, and walking at a later age were correlated with abnormal vestibular test findings. In view of these results, it may be prudent to consider vestibular testing in children with these clinical characteristics.
  
  
  
  2b. Laryngoscope, 126:2344-2350, 2016.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors: Christina J
authors: CJ
authors: Yang
authors: Division of Audiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors: Violette
authors: V
authors: Lavender
authors: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.|Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors: Jareen K
authors: JK
authors: Meinzen-Derr
authors: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors: Aliza P
authors: AP
authors: Cohen
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt.
authors: Mostafa
authors: M
authors: Youssif
authors: Division of Audiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors: Micheal
authors: M
authors: Castiglione
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors: Vairavan
authors: V
authors: Manickam
authors: Division of Audiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors: Katheryn R
authors: KR
authors: Bachmann
authors: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. john.greinwald@cchmc.org.|Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. john.greinwald@cchmc.org.
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Greinwald
mesh_terms: D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D014723:Vestibular Aqueduct / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Enlarged vestibular aqueduct; cVEMP; vertigo; vestibular testing; vestibulopathy