title: C-Peptide Is a Sensitive Indicator for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects from Central Mexico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is associated with elevated risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A key component of MetS is the development of insulin resistance (IR). The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) model can determine IR by using insulin or C-peptide concentrations; however, the efficiency of insulin and C-peptide to determine MetS has not been compared. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of C-peptide and insulin to determine MetS in Mexicans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometrics, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins were determined in 156 nonpregnant females and 114 males. Subjects were separated into normal or positive for MetS. IR was determined by the HOMA2 calculator using insulin or C-peptide. Correlations were calculated using the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). Differences between correlations were determined by calculating Steiger's Z. The sensitivity was determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent of the MetS definition [Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), or World Health Organization (WHO)], C-peptide and insulin were significantly higher in MetS subjects (P < 0.05). C-peptide and insulin correlated with all components of MetS; however, for waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and fasting plasma glucose, C-peptide correlated better than insulin (P < 0.05). Moreover, C-peptide (AUC = 0.72-0.78) was a better marker than insulin (AUC = 0.62-0.72) for MetS (P < 0.05). Finally, HOMA2-IR calculated with C-peptide (AUC = 0.80-0.84) was more accurate than HOMA2-IR calculated with insulin (AUC = 0.68-0.75, P < 0.05) at determining MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C-peptide is a strong indicator of MetS. Since C-peptide has recently emerged as a biomolecule with significant importance for inflammatory diseases, monitoring C-peptide levels will aid clinicians in preventing MetS.
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, México .
authors: M Elba
authors: ME
authors: Gonzalez-Mejia
authors: 2 Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Puebla, México .
authors: Leonardo M
authors: LM
authors: Porchia
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, México .
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Torres-Rasgado
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, México .
authors: Guadalupe
authors: G
authors: Ruiz-Vivanco
authors: 2 Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Puebla, México .
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Pulido-Pérez
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, México .
authors: Blanca G
authors: BG
authors: Báez-Duarte
authors: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, México .|2 Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Puebla, México .
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Pérez-Fuentes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides