title: A Broadband Polyvinylidene Difluoride-Based Hydrophone with Integrated Readout Circuit for Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging.
abstract: Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging can visualize the coronary atherosclerotic plaque composition on the basis of the optical absorption contrast. Most of the photoacoustic (PA) energy of human coronary plaque lipids was found to lie in the frequency band between 2 and 15 MHz requiring a very broadband transducer, especially if a combination with intravascular ultrasound is desired. We have developed a broadband polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) transducer (0.6 × 0.6 mm, 52 μm thick) with integrated electronics to match the low capacitance of such a small polyvinylidene difluoride element (<5 pF/mm(2)) with the high capacitive load of the long cable (∼100 pF/m). The new readout circuit provides an output voltage with a sensitivity of about 3.8 μV/Pa at 2.25 MHz. Its response is flat within 10 dB in the range 2 to 15 MHz. The root mean square (rms) output noise level is 259 μV over the entire bandwidth (1-20 MHz), resulting in a minimum detectable pressure of 30 Pa at 2.25 MHz.
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: v.daeichin@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Verya
authors: V
authors: Daeichin
authors: Electronic Instrumentation Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Electronic Instrumentation Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Ding
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Beurskens
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Geert
authors: G
authors: Springeling
authors: Lab of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Emile
authors: E
authors: Noothout
authors: Lab of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Martin D
authors: MD
authors: Verweij
authors: Lab of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Koen W A
authors: KW
authors: van Dongen
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Johan G
authors: JG
authors: Bosch
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Lab of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Antonius F W
authors: AF
authors: van der Steen
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Lab of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Nico
authors: N
authors: de Jong
authors: Electronic Instrumentation Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Michiel
authors: M
authors: Pertijs
authors: Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Gijs
authors: G
authors: van Soest
mesh_terms: D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D055617:Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018511:Systems Integration; D014159:Transducers; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Broadband receiver; Hydrophone; Integrated circuit; Photoacoustic; Polyvinylidene difluoride transducer