title: Molecular epidemiological tracing of a cattle rabies outbreak lasting less than a month in Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vampire bat-transmitted cattle rabies cases are typically encountered in areas where the disease is endemic. However, over the period of a month in 2009, an outbreak of cattle rabies occurred and then ended spontaneously in a small area of the Rio Grande do Sul State in southern Brazil. To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of this rabies outbreak in Rio Grande do Sul, 26 nucleotide sequences of rabies virus (RABV) genomes that were collected in this area were analyzed phylogenetically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nucleotide sequence identities of the nucleoprotein gene and G-L intergenic region of the 26 RABVs were greater than 99.6 %. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all RABVs clustered with the vampire bat-related cattle RABV strains and that the RABVs were mainly distributed in southern Brazil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggested that a small population of rabid vampire bats carrying a single RABV strain produced a spatiotemporally restricted outbreak of cattle rabies in southern Brazil.
authors: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan. itou.takuya@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Itou
authors: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan. sinzan37@hotmail.co.jp.
authors: Toshiharu
authors: T
authors: Fukayama
authors: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan. mochizuki.nobuyuki@gmail.com.
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Mochizuki
authors: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan. suzuki.yukikb@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil. deberaldini@gmail.com.
authors: Eduardo R
authors: ER
authors: Deberaldini
authors: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil. adbianco@fcav.unesp.br.
authors: Adolorata A B
authors: AA
authors: Carvalho
authors: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de paiva, 87, Cidade Universtiátria, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil. fumio@usp.br.
authors: Fumio H
authors: FH
authors: Ito
authors: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan. sakai.takeo@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005843:Geography; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny