title: Apolipoprotein E Genotypes in Patients with Prostate Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a potential inhibitor of cell proliferation, immune regulation and modulation of cell growth and differentiation; it also has a substantial role in antioxidant activity. ApoE has a potential role in prostate cancer progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  ApoE genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for blood samples from a group of patients with prostate cancer (n=68) and a control group (n=78).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the E3/E3 genotype was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p=0.004). E3/E3 genotype carriers were 3.6-fold more likely to be patients than controls (odds ratio=3.67, 95% confidence interval=1.451-9.155; p=0.004). Additionally, the patients with E3/E3 genotype had significantly higher Gleason score (p=0.017), and more patients with this genotype had a Gleason score higher than 7 (p=0.007). Individuals carrying the E4 allele were significantly more common in the control group (p=0.006). The frequency of the E3/E4 genotype was found to be significantly higher in controls compared to patients (p=0.007), and patients were significantly less likely to have this genotype than controls (odds ratio=0.89, 95% confidence interval=0.833-0.967, p=0.007). Individuals carrying the E2/E3 genotype had a significantly lower Gleason score (p=0.049)-all of the patients with this genotype had a Gleason score lower than 7 (p=0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E3/E3 genotype may be a potential risk factor for prostate cancer and high Gleason scoring. The E4 allele maybe a risk-reducing factor for prostate cancer.
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Faruk
authors: F
authors: Yencilek
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Seda Gulec
authors: SG
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Department of Urology, Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Asif
authors: A
authors: Yildirim
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Uzay
authors: U
authors: Gormus
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Emre Murat
authors: EM
authors: Altinkilic
authors: Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Altay Burak
authors: AB
authors: Dalan
authors: Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Yavuz
authors: Y
authors: Bastug
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Selda
authors: S
authors: Turkmen
authors: Department of Urology, Anatolia Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey.
authors: Sadi
authors: S
authors: Turkan
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey turgay.isbir@yeditepe.edu.tr tisbir@superonline.com.
authors: Turgay
authors: T
authors: Isbir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000235:genetics*; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000235:genetics*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Apolipoprotein E genotypes; Gleason score; prostate cancer