title: The Important Liaison Between Onuf Nucleus-Pudendal Nerve Ganglia Complex Degeneration and Urinary Retention in Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Adamkiewicz artery (AKA) supplies pudendal nerve roots and conus medullaris. The aim of this study was to elucidate if there is any relationship between neurodegenerative changes of the Onuf nucleus (ON)-pudendal nerve ganglia complex secondary to vasospasm of the AKA after spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on 22 rabbits, which were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (n = 5), sham (n = 5), and spinal SAH (n = 12). Experimental spinal SAH was induced at the L2 level. After 2 weeks, the ON-pudendal nerve ganglia complex and AKA were examined histopathologically. Bladder volume values were estimated, and results were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two animals died within the first week of experiment. Histopathologically, severe vasospasm of the AKA and neuronal degeneration and neuronal apoptosis were observed in the ON-pudendal nerve ganglia complex in 5 animals of the SAH group. The mean volume of the imaginary AKA, mean bladder volumes, and degenerated neuron densities of ON and pudendal nerve ganglia were estimated. We found that vasospasm of the AKA led to numerous neuron degenerations in ON and pudendal ganglia and consequently urinary retention (P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ON-pudendal nerve ganglia complex degeneration secondary to vasospasm of the AKA may be a cause of urinary retention after spinal SAH.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Family Physician, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Coskun
authors: C
authors: Yolas
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, RecepTayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey. Electronic address: ayhankanat@yahoo.com.
authors: Ayhan
authors: A
authors: Kanat
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet Dumlu
authors: MD
authors: Aydin
authors: Osman Gazi Health Care Centre, Family Physician, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Cengiz
authors: C
authors: Ozturk
authors: Department of Pathology, Family Physician, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Esref
authors: E
authors: Kabalar
authors: Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, RecepTayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors: Nezih
authors: N
authors: Akca
authors: Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, RecepTayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors: Huseyin
authors: H
authors: Eren
authors: Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Cemal
authors: C
authors: Gundogdu
authors: Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Adapazari, Turkey.
authors: Dilcan
authors: D
authors: Kotan
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Bakırköy Mental and Neurologic Disease, Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors: Nazan
authors: N
authors: Aydin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000870:Anterior Horn Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D060525:Pudendal Nerve / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012447:Sacrum; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Adamkiewicz artery; Degeneration; Onuf nucleus; Pudendal nerve ganglion; Spinal; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Urinary retention; Vasospasm