title: Myocardial Oxidative Stress in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.
abstract: Cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease often necessitates a period of myocardial ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest, followed by reperfusion after aortic cross-clamp removal. In experimental models, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion is associated with significant oxidative stress and ventricular dysfunction. A prospective observational study was conducted in infants (<1 year) who underwent elective surgical repair of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) or tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Blood samples were drawn following anesthetic induction (baseline) and directly from the coronary sinus at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min following aortic cross-clamp removal. Samples were analyzed for oxidant stress using assays for thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl, 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant capacity. For each subject, raw assay data were normalized to individual baseline samples and expressed as fold-change from baseline. Results were compared using a one-sample t test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Sixteen patients (ten with TOF and six with VSD) were enrolled in the study, and there were no major postoperative complications observed. For the entire cohort, there was an immediate, rapid increase in myocardial oxidative stress that was sustained for 10 min following aortic cross-clamp removal in all biomarker assays (all P < 0.01), except total antioxidant capacity. Infant cardiac surgery is associated with a rapid, robust, and time-dependent increase in myocardial oxidant stress as measured from the coronary sinus in vivo. Future studies with larger enrollment are necessary to assess any association between myocardial oxidative stress and early postoperative outcomes.
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. nsznycer@med.umich.edu.|University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, 1540 East Hospital Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-4204, USA. nsznycer@med.umich.edu.
authors: Nathaniel
authors: N
authors: Sznycer-Taub
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Stewart
authors: S
authors: Mackie
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Yun-Wen
authors: YW
authors: Peng
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Donohue
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Sunkyung
authors: S
authors: Yu
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Ranjit
authors: R
authors: Aiyagari
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Charpie
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Congenital heart disease; Ischemia/reperfusion injury; Myocardial oxidative stress