title: Scrotal Cooling to Protect Against Cisplatin-induced Spermatogenesis Toxicity: Preliminary Outcome of an Experimental Controlled Trial.
abstract: To investigate the protective effects of scrotal cooling on cisplatin-induced gonadal toxicity in an animal model.
  
  
  
  Twenty-one male BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups. The cisplatin group received 2 cycles of cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days with 16 days of recovery) intraperitoneally, and the cisplatin + cooling group received the same regimen of cisplatin with a cooling protocol: cooling induction for 30 minutes before injection and cooling for 60 minutes after injection. Mice in control group were given an injection of 2 mL normal saline intraperitoneally. After 35 days of recovery (1 cycle of spermatogenesis), the volume of the testes (Cavalieri method), volume density of the tubules and epithelium (point-counting method), and number of cells (optical dissector method) were estimated.
  
  
  
  The volume of the testes, tubules, and epithelium was reduced between 61% and 66%, and the number of the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round spermatids, and long spermatids was reduced between 70% and 93% in cisplatin group compared with that of control mice. Cisplatin affected spermatids to a greater extent, and Sertoli cells to a lesser extent than the other cells. The volume and number of the cells were reduced in the cisplatin + cooling group but to a lesser extent compared with those of mice in the cisplatin group. Sertoli cells were more intact in the cisplatin + cooling group compared with those of the control group.
  
  
  
  Scrotal cooling during cisplatin administration seems to have beneficial effects on spermatogenesis. Scrotal cooling may hold promise as a way to protect fertility.
authors: Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: aminsharifi_ar@yahoo.com.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Aminsharifi
authors: Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Pooya
authors: P
authors: Hekmati
authors: Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Noorafshan
authors: Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Saied
authors: S
authors: Karbalay-Doost
authors: Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Elham
authors: E
authors: Nadimi
authors: Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Aryafar
authors: Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Omid Koohi
authors: OK
authors: Hosseinabadi
authors: Department of Power and Electricity, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Naseri
authors: Department of Power and Electricity, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: ZarePoor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012611:Scrotum; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin