title: Chemical composition, antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer and cytotoxic effects of Psidium guajava leaf extracts.
abstract: Context Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) leaves are used in traditional medicines for the treatment of cancer, inflammation and other ailments. Objective The current study explores scientific validation for this traditional medication. Materials and methods We used ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazil (DPPH) assays to estimate antioxidant activity of P. guajava leaf extracts (methanol, hexane and chloroform). Antitumour and in vivo cytotoxic activities were determined using potato disc assay (PDA) and brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively. Three human carcinoma cell lines (KBM5, SCC4 and U266) were incubated with different doses (10-100 μg/mL) of extracts and the anticancer activity was estimated by MTT assay. NF-κB suppressing activity was determined using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Chemical composition of the three extracts was identified by GC-MS. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by colorimetric assays. Results and discussions The order of antioxidant activity of three extracts was methanol > chloroform > hexane. The IC50 values ranged from 22.73 to 51.65 μg/mL for KBM5; 22.82 to 70.25 μg/mL for SCC4 and 20.97 to 89.55 μg/mL for U266 cells. The hexane extract exhibited potent antitumour (IC50  value = 65.02 μg/mL) and cytotoxic (LC50  value = 32.18 μg/mL) activities. This extract also completely inhibited the TNF-α induced NF-κB activation in KBM5 cells. GC-MS results showed that pyrogallol, palmitic acid and vitamin E were the major components of methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. We observed significant (p < 0.05) difference in total phenolic and flavonoid contents of different solvent extracts. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that P. guajava leaf extracts play a substantial role against cancer and down-modulate inflammatory nuclear factor kB.
authors: a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan ;
authors: Aisha
authors: A
authors: Ashraf
authors: a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan ;|b Central Hi-Tech Laboratory , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan ;
authors: Raja Adil
authors: RA
authors: Sarfraz
authors: a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan ;
authors: Muhammad Abid
authors: MA
authors: Rashid
authors: c Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan.
authors: Adeel
authors: A
authors: Mahmood
authors: a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan ;
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Shahid
authors: a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan ;
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Noor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D031647:Psidium / Q000737:chemistry; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D011748:Pyrogallol; D014810:Vitamin E; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: A. tunefaciens; cell lines; flavonoids; phenolics