title: Nonphotochemical Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching: Mechanism and Effectiveness in Protecting Plants from Photodamage.
abstract: We review the mechanism underlying nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) and its role in protecting plants against photoinhibition. This review includes an introduction to this phenomenon, a brief history of major milestones in our understanding of NPQ, definitions, and a discussion of quantitative measurements of NPQ We discuss the current knowledge and unknown aspects in the NPQ scenario, including the following: ΔpH, the proton gradient (trigger); light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), PSII light harvesting antenna (site); and changes in the antenna induced by ΔpH (change), which lead to the creation of the quencher We conclude that the minimum requirements for NPQ in vivo are ΔpH, LHCII complexes, and the PsbS protein. We highlight the most important unknown in the NPQ scenario, the mechanism by which PsbS acts upon the LHCII antenna. Finally, we describe a novel, emerging technology for assessing the photoprotective "power" of NPQ and the important findings obtained through this technology.
authors: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom a.ruban@qmul.ac.uk.
authors: Alexander V
authors: 0000-0001-8554-0249
authors: AV
authors: Ruban
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism*; D005453:Fluorescence; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002734:Chlorophyll