title: The bidirectional relation between emotional reactivity and sleep: From disruption to recovery.
abstract: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent and greatly affect consecutive emotional reactivity, while sleep quality itself can be strongly affected by reactions to previous emotional events. In this review, we shed light on this bidirectional relation through examples of pathology: insomnia and bipolar disorder. We show that both experimental sleep deprivation and insomnia are related to increased emotional reactivity and increased amygdala activation upon emotional stimuli presentation, and that particularly Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is important for emotional processing and reorganization of emotion-specific brain activity. Increased emotional reactivity affects REM sleep quality and sleep spindles, while REM sleep is particularly affected in insomnia, possibly related to condition-specific hyperarousal levels. Normal sleep onset deactivation of brain regions important for emotional processing (amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) is further affected in insomnia. In bipolar disorder, sleep disturbances are common in both symptomatic and nonsymptomatic phases. Both amygdala and ACC volume and function are affected in bipolar disorder, with the ACC showing phase-dependent resting state activity differences. Deficient Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) GABA-ergic activity of this region might play a role in sleep disturbances and their influence on emotional reactivity, given the inhibitory role of GABA on brain activity during sleep and its deficiency in both bipolar disorder and insomnia. Promising findings of normalizing brain activity in both insomnia and bipolar disorder upon treatment may inspire a focus on treatment studies investigating the normalization of sleep, emotional reactivity, and their corresponding brain activity patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors: USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY (Sommeil, Attention et Neuropsychiatrie), Université de Bordeaux.
authors: Ellemarije
authors: 0000-0002-8882-7963
authors: E
authors: Altena
authors: USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY (Sommeil, Attention et Neuropsychiatrie).
authors: Jean-Arthur
authors: JA
authors: Micoulaud-Franchi
authors: Inserm.
authors: Pierre-Alexis
authors: PA
authors: Geoffroy
authors: Radiology and Imaging Analysis Center, VU University Medical Centre.
authors: Ernesto
authors: E
authors: Sanz-Arigita
authors: Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Pôle Universitaire Psychiatrie Enfants et Adolescents.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Bioulac
authors: USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY (Sommeil, Attention et Neuropsychiatrie).
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Philip
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*