title: Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Development of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutic Systems.
abstract: Many types of cells release phospholipid membrane vesicles thought to play key roles in cell-cell communication, antigen presentation, and the spread of infectious agents. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry various proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), like a "message in a bottle" to cells in remote locations. The encapsulated molecules are protected from multiple types of degradative enzymes in body fluids, making EVs ideal for delivering drugs. This review presents an overview of the potential roles of EVs as natural drugs and novel drug-delivery systems.
authors: Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan. s-ohno@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors: Shin-Ichiro
authors: S
authors: Ohno
authors: Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Bio & Nano-Solutions, D-33647 Bielefeld, Germany. gpcdrummen@bionano-solutions.de.
authors: Gregor P C
authors: GP
authors: Drummen
authors: Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan. kuroda@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: clinical trial; dexosome; drug delivery system; exosome; extracellular vesicle; microvesicle; outer membrane vesicle; stem cell; vaccine