title: Histopathological features of bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats with and without vitamin d supplementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin-D3 on the osteonecrosis of bone that was induced after tooth extraction was conducted on rats that were given zoledronic acid (Z.A).
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were divided into four groups. Two of the experimental groups were divided into two subgroups, third study group was not divided into subgroups, and control group was divided into three subgroups. Z.A was administered twice per week over the course of 7 weeks, dexamethasone was administered twice a week during the 5th-6th-7th weeks to all groups. Dental extraction was performed by drilling around the tooth at 7th week. In study-group-1; vitamin-D was administered twice per week during the 5th-6th-7th weeks. In study-group 2; vitamin-D was administered twice per week during the 8th-9th-10th weeks. In study-group-3; vitamin-D was administered twice per week during the 15th-16th-17th weeks. The animals were sacrificed at 10th-15th-17th weeks, and histologic samples were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative-15-group had a lower osteoblast number, which was statistically significant as compared to preoperative-15 and control-15-group. Control-10-group showed significantly lower osteoclast number in comparison to preoperative-10 and postoperative-10-group. Osteoclast number was significantly higher in the osteonecrosis-17-group as compared to control-17-group. Preoperative-10-group showed significantly higher inflammation in comparison to control-10-group. Postoperative-15-group had a lower histologic osteonecrosis, which was statistically significant as compared to the control-15-group. Macroscopic osteonecrosis was significantly higher in the control-17-group in comparison to the osteonecrosis-17-group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that there are some proofs for the treatment of BRONJ with systemic using of vitamin-D.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. Electronic address: saimyanik@hotmail.com.
authors: Saim
authors: S
authors: Yanık
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Mutan Hamdi
authors: MH
authors: Aras
authors: Department of Pathology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Suna
authors: S
authors: Erkılıç
authors: Department of Pathology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Zehra
authors: Z
authors: Bozdağ
authors: Department of Physiology Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Tuncer
authors: T
authors: Demir
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Sedat
authors: S
authors: Çetiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059266:Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007568:Jaw / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D014807:Vitamin D; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone
keywords: Bisphosphonates; Histopathology; Jaw osteonecrosis; Vitamin D; Zoledronic acid