title: High-gamma power changes after cognitive intervention: preliminary results from twenty-one senior adult subjects.
abstract: Brain-imaging techniques have begun to be popular in evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive intervention training. Although gamma activities are rarely used as an index of training effects, they have several characteristics that suggest their potential suitability for this purpose. This pilot study examined whether cognitive training in elderly people affected the high-gamma activity associated with attentional processing and whether high-gamma power changes were related to changes in behavioral performance.
  
  
  
  We analyzed (MEG) magnetoencephalography data obtained from 35 healthy elderly subjects (60-75 years old) who had participated in our previous intervention study in which the subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three types of intervention groups: Group V trained in a vehicle with a newly developed onboard cognitive training program, Group P trained with a similar program but on a personal computer, and Group C was trained to solve a crossword puzzle as an active control group. High-gamma (52-100 Hz) activity during a three-stimulus visual oddball task was measured before and after training. As a result of exclusion in the MEG data analysis stage, the final sample consisted of five subjects in Group V, nine subjects in Group P, and seven subjects in Group C.
  
  
  
  Results showed that high-gamma activities were differently altered between groups after cognitive intervention. In particular, members of Group V, who showed significant improvements in cognitive function after training, exhibited increased high-gamma power in the left middle frontal gyrus during top-down anticipatory target processing. High-gamma power changes in this region were also associated with changes in behavioral performance.
  
  
  
  Our preliminary results suggest the usefulness of high-gamma activities as an index of the effectiveness of cognitive training in elderly subjects.
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Yoritaka
authors: Y
authors: Akimoto
authors: Smart Ageing International Research Center Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Nozawa
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Akitake
authors: A
authors: Kanno
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Tokyo 102-8472 Japan.
authors: Toshimune
authors: T
authors: Kambara
authors: Smart Ageing International Research Center Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Mizuki
authors: M
authors: Ihara
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Ogawa
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Takakuni
authors: T
authors: Goto
authors: Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Taki
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Ryoichi
authors: R
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Smart Ageing International Research Center Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Yuka
authors: Y
authors: Kotozaki
authors: Smart Ageing International Research Center Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan; Human and Social Response Research Division International Research Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Nouchi
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan; Division of Medical Neuroimage Analysis Department of Community Medical Supports Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan; Department of Adult Mental Health National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira 187-8553 Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Sekiguchi
authors: Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Hikaru
authors: H
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Carlos Makoto
authors: CM
authors: Miyauchi
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan; Human and Social Response Research Division International Research Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Motoaki
authors: M
authors: Sugiura
authors: Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Eiichi
authors: E
authors: Okumura
authors: Mobility Services Laboratory Research Division 2 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Kanagawa 243-0123 Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Sunda
authors: Mobility Services Laboratory Research Division 2 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Kanagawa 243-0123 Japan.
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Shimizu
authors: Vehicle Test and Measurement Technology Development Department CAE and Testing Division 1 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Kanagawa 243-0192 Japan.
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Tozuka
authors: Mobility Services Laboratory Research Division 2 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Kanagawa 243-0123 Japan.
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Hirose
authors: Prototype and Test Department Research Division 2 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Kanagawa 243-0123 Japan.
authors: Tatsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Nanbu
authors: Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan; Smart Ageing International Research Center Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan; Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan.
authors: Ryuta
authors: R
authors: Kawashima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Behavioral performance; cognitive intervention; elderly; high‐gamma activity