title: Longitudinal assessment of maternal-fetal Doppler parameters and maternal plasma level of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the behavior as well as the comparison between maternal circulating level of biochemical markers (matrix metalloproteinases - MMP-9 and MMP-2) and maternal-fetal Doppler parameters in all three trimesters of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective longitudinal study with 33 healthy pregnant women in three periods of pregnancy: A1 (12w0-14w6d), A2 (22w0d-24w6d) and A3 (34w0d and 36w6d). The following maternal Doppler parameters were assessed: mean pulsatility index (PI) uterine artery, resistance index (RI) umbilical artery and RI middle cerebral artery. The maternal plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). To compare two (A2 and A3) and three assessments (A1, A2 and A3), we used the paired Student t test and linear regression, respectively. To compare the biomechanical markers and maternal-fetal Doppler parameter, we used the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significant decrease of PI uterine artery Doppler over the three trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.01) and RI umbilical artery Doppler overt second to three trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.05). We did not observe significant difference in the maternal plasma level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 between the three trimesters. We did not also observe significant correlation between biochemical markers and maternal-fetal Doppler parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal circulating level of MMPs did not modify throughout pregnancy and it did not show correlation with maternal-fetal Doppler parameters.
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil .
authors: Salim Demétrio
authors: SD
authors: Jorge Neto
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil .
authors: Jackeline Souza Rangel
authors: JS
authors: Machado
authors: b Department of Obstetrics , Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP) , São Paulo, SP , Brazil .
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Araujo Júnior
authors: c Departament of Physiology and Biophysics , University of Mississipi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA .
authors: Ana Carolina Taveiros
authors: AC
authors: Palei
authors: c Departament of Physiology and Biophysics , University of Mississipi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA .
authors: Lorena Machado
authors: LM
authors: Amaral
authors: d Departament of Pharmacology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil , and.
authors: José Eduardo
authors: JE
authors: Tanus-Santos
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil .
authors: Alessandra Cristina
authors: AC
authors: Marcolin
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil .
authors: Geraldo
authors: G
authors: Duarte
authors: e Departament of Pharmacology , Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , SP , Brazil.
authors: Valéria Cristina
authors: VC
authors: Sandrim
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) , Ribeirão Preto, SP , Brazil .
authors: Ricardo Carvalho
authors: RC
authors: Cavalli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000097:blood; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Biochemical markers; Doppler; matrix metalloproteinases; pregnancy