title: Arctigenin Inhibits Adipogenesis by Inducing AMPK Activation and Reduces Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
abstract: Although arctigenin (ARC) has been reported to have some pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and antioxidant, there have been no reports on the anti-obesity effect of ARC. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ARC has an anti-obesity effect and mediates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. We investigated the anti-adipogenic effect of ARC using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, whether ARC can inhibit weight gain was investigated. We found that ARC reduced weight gain, fat pad weight, and triglycerides in HFD-induced obese mice. ARC also inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ARC induced the AMPK activation resulting in down-modulation of adipogenesis-related factors including PPARγ, C/EBPα, fatty acid synthase, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase. This study demonstrates that ARC can reduce key adipogenic factors by activating the AMPK in vitro and in vivo and suggests a therapeutic implication of ARC for obesity treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2067-2077, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yo-Han
authors: YH
authors: Han
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji-Ye
authors: JY
authors: Kee
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jinbong
authors: J
authors: Park
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye-Lin
authors: HL
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mi-Young
authors: MY
authors: Jeong
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dae-Seung
authors: DS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong-Deok
authors: YD
authors: Jeon
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yunu
authors: Y
authors: Jung
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Youn
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: JongWook
authors: J
authors: Kang
authors: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hong-Seob
authors: HS
authors: So
authors: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Raekil
authors: R
authors: Park
authors: College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, 60 Hwarang-ro 13-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Soyoung
authors: S
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
authors: Su-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Young
authors: JY
authors: Um
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung-Heon
authors: SH
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005663:Furans; D017705:Lignans; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C071942:arctigenin
keywords: 3T3-L1; AMPK; ARCTIGENIN; HFD-INDUCED OBESE MICE; hAMSCs