title: Acute phenanthrene toxicity to juvenile diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Molecular, biochemical, and histopathological alterations.
abstract: Information on the biological responses of polyploid animals towards environmental contaminants is scarce. This study aimed to compare reproductive axis-related gene expressions in the brain, plasma biochemical responses, and the liver and gill histopathological alterations in diploid and triploid full-sibling juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed for 96 h to one of the two waterborne phenanthrene (Phe) concentrations [mean measured (SD): 6.2 (2.4) and 76 (4.2) μg/L]. In triploids, exposure to 76 μg/L Phe increased mRNA level of fushi tarazu-factor 1 (ftz-f1). Expression of tryptophan hydroxylase2 (tph2) was also elevated in both ploidies following the exposure to 76 μg/L Phe compared to the solvent control. In triploids, 76 μg/L Phe increased plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels compared to the other Phe-exposed group. It also elevated lactate and glucose contents relative to the other groups. In diploids, however, biochemical biomarkers did not change. Phenanthrene exposures elevated glycogen contents and the prevalence of histopathological lesions in the liver and gills of both ploidies. This study showed substantial differences between diploids and triploids on biochemical and molecular biomarker responses, but similar histopathological alterations following acute Phe exposures.
authors: Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: alikaramiv@gmail.com.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Karami
authors: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Romano
authors: Haematology & Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Hazilawati
authors: H
authors: Hamzah
authors: Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2234, Australia.
authors: Stuart L
authors: SL
authors: Simpson
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Chee Kong
authors: CK
authors: Yap
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004171:Diploidy; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D057885:Triploidy; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D010616:Phenanthrenes; C031181:phenanthrene; D006003:Glycogen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Biochemical; Biomarkers; Fish; Gene expressions; Histopathology; Polyploidy