title: Characterization of microcapsulated β-carotene formed by complex coacervation using casein and gum tragacanth.
abstract: Complex coacervation in casein/gum tragacanth (CAS/GT) mixtures was studied as a function of pH, initial protein to polysaccharide mixing ratio (Pr:Ps), total biopolymer concentration, core material load and ionic strength. This study is aimed at understanding how these parameters influence the coacervation kinetics, the coacervate yield, and entrapment efficiency. At a Pr:Ps=2:1, an optimum pH of complex coacervation was found 4.35, at which the intensity of electrostatic interaction was maximum. At these conditions, the phase separation occurred the fastest and the final coacervate yield and entrapment efficiency were the largest. Moreover, the developed β-carotene loaded microcapsules formulation was found to have particle size 159.71±2.16μm, coacervates yield 82.51±0.412%, entrapment efficiency 79.36±0.541%. Varying the Pr:Ps shifted the value of optimum pH. Electrostatic interaction and formation of coacervates was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectra. Size and surface properties of coacervates were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Entrapment of core material within the coacervates was confirmed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). The resultant formulation was evaluated for release study and antioxidant activity. Stability of encapsulated β-carotene was evaluated under three levels of temperature (5, 25 and 40°C) for 3 months. Encapsulation strongly increased the stability of micronutrients. Our results advocate potential of microcapsules as a novel carrier for the safeguard and sustained release of micronutrient.
authors: Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors: Ashay
authors: A
authors: Jain
authors: Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors: Deepika
authors: D
authors: Thakur
authors: Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: gargighoshal@yahoo.co.in.
authors: Gargi
authors: G
authors: Ghoshal
authors: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors: O P
authors: OP
authors: Katare
authors: Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors: U S
authors: US
authors: Shivhare
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002214:Capsules; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D014144:Tragacanth / Q000737:chemistry*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002214:Capsules; D002364:Caseins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D019207:beta Carotene; D014144:Tragacanth; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Coacervation; Microencapsulation; β-Carotene