title: Childbirth or termination of pregnancy: does paid employment matter? A population study of women in reproductive age in Norway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied whether female paid employment is associated with pregnancy outcome; childbirth or pregnancy termination.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women in Norway, 16-54 years of age, during the years 2007-10 were included. Data sources were; the Norwegian Central Person Registry, the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and the Registry of Pregnancy Termination. We compared the proportion without paid employment among all women, women who gave birth, and among women who requested termination of pregnancy. Thereafter, and among pregnant women, we estimated the odds ratio for pregnancy termination request for women without paid employment by applying logistic regression analyses, using women with paid employment as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all women 16-54 years of age, 23.5% were without paid employment. Among women who gave birth, 15.8% were without paid employment, whereas this proportion was 46.4% among women who requested pregnancy termination (p < 0.05). Among the 307 512 women who were pregnant, 60 734 (19.4%) requested pregnancy termination. The odds ratio for pregnancy termination request was 3.18 (95% CI 3.11-3.25) for women without paid employment. Adjustments were made for age, number of children, and region of residence in Norway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Being without paid employment was more common among women in the general population and among women requesting pregnancy termination than among women who gave birth. Hence, women seem to have children when they are in paid employment. The role of women's paid employment for reproductive choices should be further investigated.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Anne
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-1583
authors: A
authors: Eskild
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Ida E
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-6023
authors: IE
authors: Herdlevaer
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Ellen M
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-9539
authors: EM
authors: Strøm-Roum
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Norwegian Institute of Urban and Regional Research, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Lars
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-1061
authors: L
authors: Monkerud
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Department of Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Jostein
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7946-6385
authors: J
authors: Grytten
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Childbirth; employment; population study; risk factors; termination of pregnancy