title: Outcomes of MBSR or MBSR-based interventions in health care providers: A systematic review with a focus on empathy and emotional competencies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emotional competencies are extremely important for healthcare providers exposed to patients' suffering. The effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been studied in this population. However, it is unclear whether capacities identified as core for care are modified favourably by this intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To identify outcomes in studies on the effect of MBSR in healthcare providers. (2) To evaluate the impact of MBSR on these outcomes. (3) To assess current knowledge on whether capacities central to care are positively impacted by MBSR: empathy, identification of one's own emotions, identification of other's emotions and emotional acceptance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review on interventional studies published up to 2015 evaluating the effect of MBSR in healthcare professionals. A subset of studies including empathy and emotional competencies was assessed for bias following current methodological standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty nine studies were identified. 14/39 studies measured empathy or some form of emotional competence in healthcare providers. Evidence regarding the effects of MBSR in professionals suggests this intervention is associated with improvements in burnout, stress, anxiety and depression. Improvements in empathy are also suggested but no clear evidence is currently available on emotional competencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High quality evidence is available on the effect of MBSR on professionals' mental health. However, while some emotional competencies have been identified as being of major importance for high quality care, they are still scarcely studied. Studying these outcomes is important, as it may help explain how mindfulness contributes to professionals' mental health and thus help develop targeted interventions.
authors: CHU Sainte-Justine, Hematology-Oncology Department, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Psychology, Pavillon Marie-Victorin PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Electronic address: martin.lamothe@umontreal.ca.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Lamothe
authors: CHU Sainte-Justine, Hematology-Oncology Department, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada. Electronic address: emelie.rondeau@recherche-ste-justine.qc.ca.
authors: Émélie
authors: É
authors: Rondeau
authors: University of Montreal, Department of Psychology, Pavillon Marie-Victorin PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Electronic address: catherine.malboeuf-hurtubise@umontreal.ca.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Malboeuf-Hurtubise
authors: CHU Sainte-Justine, Hematology-Oncology Department, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Psychology, Pavillon Marie-Victorin PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Electronic address: michel.duval@umontreal.ca.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Duval
authors: CHU Sainte-Justine, Hematology-Oncology Department, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Psychology, Pavillon Marie-Victorin PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Electronic address: serge.sultan@umontreal.ca.
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Sultan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056348:Emotional Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D004645:Empathy / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Burnout; Emotion regulation; Empathy; Health care providers; MBSR