title: Study of ideal topical pharyngeal anesthesia in upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is designed to determine which drug forms provide ideal pharyngeal anesthesia when used during upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 patients were included in the study. Using the random number table, these patients were divided into three groups. Group 1, lidocaine gel+isotonic spray; Group 2, base lubricant gel+lidocaine spray; and Group 3: lidocaine gel+lidocaine spray. Data were collected from the patient identification form, compliance to operation form, and State Anxiety Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anesthetization and compliance to procedure scores were higher and anxiety scores were lower in Group 3 than in other groups (p<0.05). It was observed that as the compliance score increased, the anesthetization and satisfaction scores also increased; however, coughing during the procedure, duration of the procedure, and anxiety scores decreased (p<0.05). It was determined that as anesthetization scores increased, discomfort in the throat caused by the device, coughing during the procedure, and anxiety scores decreased (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lidocaine gel and spray combination is the most ideal pharyngeal anesthesia to ensure the adaptation of the patient to the procedure and to decrease anxiety and discomfort during the procedure.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey. pehlivan_seda@hotmail.com.
authors: Hakan
authors: H
authors: Çam
authors: Seda
authors: S
authors: Pehlivan
authors: Muhammed Sait
authors: MS
authors: Dağ
authors: Nimet
authors: N
authors: Yılmaz
authors: Umut
authors: U
authors: Demir
authors: Murat Taner
authors: MT
authors: Gülşen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008012:Lidocaine