title: Validation of cone beam computed tomography-based tooth printing using different three-dimensional printing technologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine the accuracy of 3-dimensional reconstructed models of teeth compared with the natural teeth by using 4 different 3-dimensional printers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This in vitro study was carried out using 2 intact, dry adult human mandibles, which were scanned with cone beam computed tomography. Premolars were selected for this study. Dimensional differences between natural teeth and the printed models were evaluated directly by using volumetric differences and indirectly through optical scanning. Analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and Bland Altman plots were applied for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volumetric measurements from natural teeth and fabricated models, either by the direct method (the Archimedes principle) or by the indirect method (optical scanning), showed no statistical differences. The mean volume difference ranged between 3.1 mm(3) (0.7%) and 4.4 mm(3) (1.9%) for the direct measurement, and between -1.3 mm(3) (-0.6%) and 11.9 mm(3) (+5.9%) for the optical scan. A surface part comparison analysis showed that 90% of the values revealed a distance deviation within the interval 0 to 0.25 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current results showed a high accuracy of all printed models of teeth compared with natural teeth. This outcome opens perspectives for clinical use of cost-effective 3-dimensional printed teeth for surgical procedures, such as tooth autotransplantation.
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Wael
authors: W
authors: Khalil
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Mostafa
authors: M
authors: EzEldeen
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Elke
authors: E
authors: Van De Casteele
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Eman
authors: E
authors: Shaheen
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Shahbazian
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Lab (OMFS Lab/CARS/IREC/SSS/UCL), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Raphael
authors: R
authors: Olszewski
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Constantinus
authors: C
authors: Politis
authors: OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: reinhilde.jacobs@uzleuven.be.
authors: Reinhilde
authors: R
authors: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003765:Models, Dental; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional