title: Renal sinus fat volume on computed tomography in middle-aged patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and its association with coronary artery calcification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal sinus fat (RSF) behaves as one of the perivascular fats, however RSF volume (RSFV) is considerably affected by visceral adipose tissue volume (VTAV). The ratio of RSFV to VATV (RSFV/VATV ratio) can be an index of regional perivascular fat accumulation corrected for the influence of VATV. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between RSFV/VATV ratio and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty-nine patients (mean age 66.7 ± 10.2; 72% men) underwent ECG-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) and unenhanced abdominal CT. CAC score (CACS) was assessed using axial CT images. RSFV was measured by partially manipulated segmentation of the right kidney. VATV was automatically quantified in the upper abdomen. Logistic and correlation analyses were performed to examine the correlations between CAC, RSFV/VATV ratio, and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in total and subgroups classified by the patients' age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Log-transformed RSFV/VATV ratio was associated with CAC presence in 112 middle-aged patients less than 69 years of age as well as total. This association remained significant after multivariate adjustment only in the middle-aged patients (OR 15.9, 95% CI 1.15-218.8). In total, RSFV/VATV ratio (r = 0.228, p = 0.002) and age (r = 0.316, p < 0.001) correlated with CACS on univariate analyses, but only age correlated on multivariate analyses. RSFV/VATV ratio correlated with CACS in the middle-aged patients (r = 0.418, p < 0.001), as well as on multivariate analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that RSFV/VATV could be an independent risk indicator of CAC in the middle-aged patients.
authors: Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan. Electronic address: monn@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp.
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Murakami
authors: Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Yukihiro
authors: Y
authors: Nagatani
authors: Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
authors: Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Science, 1-20 Daikominami 1-chome, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors: Mitsuru
authors: M
authors: Ikeda
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Itsuko
authors: I
authors: Miyazawa
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Katsutaro
authors: K
authors: Morino
authors: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
authors: Takayoshi
authors: T
authors: Ohkubo
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Maegawa
authors: Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Norihisa
authors: N
authors: Nitta
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sakai
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Hiromitsu
authors: H
authors: Nota
authors: Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Noritoshi
authors: N
authors: Ushio
authors: Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Murata
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Computed tomography; Coronary calcification; Renal sinus fat; Visceral adipose tissue