title: A comprehensive toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus their bulk in Wistar rats: Toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their bulk counterpart in suspensions and to access the impact of their acute oral toxicity at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg in healthy female Wistar rats. The hematological, biochemical, and urine parameters were accessed at 24 and 48 h and 14 days posttreatment. The histopathological evaluations of tissues were also performed. The distribution of zinc content in liver, kidney, spleen, plasma, and excretory materials (feces and urine) at 24 and 48 h and 14 days posttreatment were accessed after a single exposure at dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The elevated level of alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine were observed in ZnO-NPs at a dose of 2000 mg/kg at all time points. There was a decrease in iron levels in all the treated groups at 24 h posttreatment as compared to control groups but returned to their normal level at 14 days posttreatment. The hematological parameters red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and haptoglobin were reduced at 48 h posttreatment at a dose of 2000 mg/kg ZnO-NPs and showed hemolytic condition. All the treated groups were comparable to control group at the end of 14 days posttreatment. The zinc concentration in the kidney, liver, plasma, feces, and urine showed a significant increase in both groups as compared to control. This study explained that ZnO-NPs produced more toxicological effect as compared to their bulk particles as evidenced through alteration in some hemato-biochemical parameters and with few histopathological lesions in liver and kidney tissues.
authors: Biochemistry Laboratory, GLP Test Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
authors: Anurag Kumar
authors: AK
authors: Srivastav
authors: Biochemistry Laboratory, GLP Test Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India mahadeo@iitr.res.in.
authors: Mahadeo
authors: M
authors: Kumar
authors: Metal Analysis Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
authors: Nasreen Ghazi
authors: NG
authors: Ansari
authors: Nanomaterial Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
authors: Abhishek Kumar
authors: AK
authors: Jain
authors: Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
authors: Jai
authors: J
authors: Shankar
authors: Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
authors: Nidhi
authors: N
authors: Arjaria
authors: Central Pathology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
authors: Pankaj
authors: P
authors: Jagdale
authors: Central Pathology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
authors: Dhirendra
authors: D
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010316:Particle Size; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Nanotoxicology; ZnO; clinical chemistry; pathology; toxicity testing