title: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for degenerative distal arch aneurysm can be used as a standard procedure in high-risk patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, supra-aortic rerouting and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for treating aortic arch pathology have emerged as a less invasive option for high-risk patients. This study aimed to assess our strategy for preventing stroke and improving late outcomes after supra-aortic rerouting and TEVAR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2008 and July 2015, we performed 280 cases of TEVAR for arch pathologies, using manufactured stent grafts. This study reviewed 101 patients who underwent supra-aortic rerouting and TEVAR for degenerative distal arch aneurysms (80 men, mean age 73.1 years, Zone 1/Zone 2 = 48/53). Since 2011, we have routinely used the brain protection method, which comprises blocking native forward flow from the left common carotid artery (LCA) and left subclavian artery (LSA) for zone 1 cases and the LSA for zone 2 cases before TEVAR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operation time was 178 ± 65 min. The stroke and 30-day death rates were 3 and 1%, respectively. Before the brain protection method was introduced, the perioperative risk factor for stroke was atheroma Grade ≥III (P = 0.035). Proximal landing zone (P = 0.58) and LSA sacrifice (P = 1.00) were not risk factors for stroke. No strokes occurred after using the brain protection method (before protection: 6% and after protection: 0%). Regarding late results, the rate of freedom from aorta-related death at 1 and 4 years was 97 and 95%, respectively. The rate of freedom from aortic events at 1 and 4 years was 91 and 86%, respectively. During follow-up, no type Ia endoleak developed and one type A dissection was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our strategy for supra-aortic rerouting and TEVAR showed satisfactory early and late results. The chief risk factor for perioperative stroke was atheroma, and blocking native forward flow from the LCA and the LSA prior to the TEVAR procedure helped prevent stroke.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Shijo
authors: Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Kuratani
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Torikai
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Shimamura
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Tomohiko
authors: T
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Tomoaki
authors: T
authors: Kudo
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kenta
authors: K
authors: Masada
authors: Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Mitsuyoshi
authors: M
authors: Takahara
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan sawa@surg1.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshiki
authors: Y
authors: Sawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Stroke; Supra-aortic rerouting; Thoracic endovascular aortic repair