title: Gender-Specific Effects of Mood on Alcohol-Seeking Behaviors: Preliminary Findings Using Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although negative mood has long been implicated in differences in alcohol seeking by men and women, little research has used precise, well-controlled laboratory experiments to examine how negative mood affects alcohol-seeking behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 (19 women) community-dwelling, alcohol-using adults aged 21 to 32 (mean age = 24.86, SD = 3.40, 74.3% Caucasian; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] = 10.1, SD = 3.4) completed 2 counterbalanced intravenous alcohol self-administration sessions: one under negative mood and one under neutral mood. Fourteen individuals (9 women; mean age = 25.00, SD = 2.77) participated in an alcohol "liking" experiment (i.e., free access [FA] drinking) and 20 individuals (10 women; mean age = 24.77, SD = 3.73) participated in an alcohol "wanting" experiment, in which gaining access to alcohol required progressively effortful work. There was no significant difference between men and women on the AUDIT, t(32) = -0.38, p = 0.71.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Priming with negative mood induction caused a significant decrease in self-reported mood (mean change = -1.85, t(32) = -6.81, p < 0.001), as intended. In FA, negative mood was associated with a significantly increased peak breath alcohol concentration (BrAC; F = 9.41, p = 0.01), with a trend toward a greater effect in men than in women (F = 2.67, p = 0.13). Negative mood also had a significant effect on peak BrAC achieved in the progressive work paradigm (F = 5.28, p = 0.04), with a significantly stronger effect in men (F = 5.35, p = 0.03) than women; men also trended toward more consistent work for alcohol across both neutral and negative sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary findings demonstrate a gender-specific response on how mood affects alcohol seeking and suggest gender-specific interventions to prevent mood-based alcohol consumption.
authors: Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Melissa A
authors: MA
authors: Cyders
authors: Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: J Davis
authors: JD
authors: VanderVeen
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Plawecki
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: James B
authors: JB
authors: Millward
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Hays
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Kareken
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|R.L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Sean
authors: S
authors: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012646:Self Administration / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol; Gender; Intravenous Infusion