title: Use of metabolomics for the chemotaxonomy of legume-associated Ascochyta and allied genera.
abstract: Chemotaxonomy and the comparative analysis of metabolic features of fungi have the potential to provide valuable information relating to ecology and evolution, but have not been fully explored in fungal biology. Here, we investigated the chemical diversity of legume-associated Ascochyta and Phoma species and the possible use of a metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for their classification. The metabolic features of 45 strains including 11 known species isolated from various legumes were extracted, and the datasets were analyzed using chemometrics methods such as principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses. We found a high degree of intra-species consistency in metabolic profiles, but inter-species diversity was high. Molecular phylogenies of the legume-associated Ascochyta/Phoma species were estimated using sequence data from three protein-coding genes and the five major chemical groups that were detected in the hierarchical clustering analysis were mapped to the phylogeny. Clusters based on similarity of metabolic features were largely congruent with the species phylogeny. These results indicated that evolutionarily distinct fungal lineages have diversified their metabolic capacities as they have evolved independently. This whole metabolomics approach may be an effective tool for chemotaxonomy of fungal taxa lacking information on their metabolic content.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: Wonyong
authors: W
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: Tobin L
authors: TL
authors: Peever
authors: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: Jeong-Jin
authors: JJ
authors: Park
authors: Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: Chung-Min
authors: CM
authors: Park
authors: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Gang
authors: Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Xian
authors: South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
authors: Jenny A
authors: JA
authors: Davidson
authors: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per la Patologia Vegetale, Rome, 00156, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Infantino
authors: USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: Walter J
authors: WJ
authors: Kaiser
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.|USDA-ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors: Weidong
authors: W
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002687:Chitin Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C068142:glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313); D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D002687:Chitin Synthase