title: Everyday discrimination and diurnal cortisol during adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations of the frequency and type of everyday discrimination with diurnal cortisol and whether those associations depend upon adolescents' ethnicity and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (N=292, Mage=16. 39years, SD=0.74; 58% female) reported the frequency of perceived everyday discrimination and whether they attributed that discrimination to race, gender, age, or height and weight. Five saliva samples were collected per day across 3days and assayed for cortisol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher frequency of everyday discrimination was associated with greater total daily cortisol output (area under the curve; AUC), lower wake and bedtime levels of cortisol, and less of a decline in cortisol across the day. These associations generally did not depend upon ethnicity or gender and attributions for the discrimination were not as consequential as the actual frequency of any type of unfair treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Everyday discrimination, regardless of its type, may contribute to heightened HPA activity among adolescents of different ethnic backgrounds and genders.
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, United States. Electronic address: Virginia.huynh@csun.edu.
authors: Virginia W
authors: VW
authors: Huynh
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, United States.
authors: Shu-Sha Angie
authors: SA
authors: Guan
authors: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States.
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Almeida
authors: David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: McCreath
authors: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Fuligni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011287:Prejudice / Q000523:psychology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Adolescents; Cortisol; Ethnicity; Everyday discrimination; HPA activity