title: Brachytherapy vs. external beam radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma: Survival and patterns-of-care analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No modern randomized trials exist comparing external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and plaque brachytherapy (BT) for choroidal melanoma, and the optimal treatment modality is currently unknown. This study compares the patterns of care and efficacy of EBRT vs. BT based on data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for patients aged 20-79 diagnosed with choroidal melanoma from 2004 to 2011, treated with EBRT or BT; included patients were clinically T1-T4, N0, and M0. Overall survival and cause-specific survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in the survival and patterns-of-care analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1004 cases (380 EBRT and 624 BT) were included in the survival analysis. There was no difference in the 5-year overall survival (83.3% EBRT vs. 82.5% BT, p = 0.69) and 5-year cause-specific survival (88.3% EBRT vs. 88.3% BT, p = 0.92). In the survival analysis, older age and advanced tumor stage were predictors of increased risk of death. In the patterns-of-care analysis, later year of diagnosis and smaller tumor stage were predictors of BT use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced tumor stage and older age seem to be independent predictors for risk of death from choroidal melanoma. The use of BT favors smaller tumors and later year of diagnosis. There is no difference in survival between those treated with EBRT or BT, and the utilization of BT is increasing.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Abrams
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors: Nolan L
authors: NL
authors: Gagne
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors: Christopher S
authors: CS
authors: Melhus
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. Electronic address: jmignano@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.
authors: John E
authors: JE
authors: Mignano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Choroidal melanoma; External beam radiotherapy; Eye plaque brachytherapy; SEER database; Uveal melanoma