title: Second-hand smoke in four English prisons: an air quality monitoring study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To measure levels of indoor pollution in relation to smoking in four English prisons.
  
  
  METHODS
  TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitors were used to measure concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) for periods of up to 9 h in selected smoking and non-smoking areas, and personal exposure monitoring of prison staff during a work shift, in four prisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PM2.5 data were collected for average periods of 6.5 h from 48 locations on 25 wing landings where smoking was permitted in cells, on 5 non-smoking wings, 13 prisoner cells, and personal monitoring of 22 staff members. Arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher on smoking than non-smoking wing landings (43.9 μg/m(3) and 5.9 μg/m(3) respectively, p < 0.001) and in smoking than non-smoking cells (226.2 μg/m(3) and 17.0 μg/m(3) respectively, p < 0.001). Staff members wore monitors for an average of 4.18 h, during which they were exposed to arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentration of 23.5 μg/m(3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of PM2.5 pollution in smoking areas of prisons are extremely high. Smoking in prisons therefore represents a significant health hazard to prisoners and staff members.
authors: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. leah.jayes@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors: Leah R
authors: LR
authors: Jayes
authors: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. elena.ratschen@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Ratschen
authors: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. rachael.murray@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors: Rachael L
authors: RL
authors: Murray
authors: National Offender Management Service, Clive house, 70 Petty France, London, SW1H 9EX, UK. suzy.dymond-white@noms.gsi.gov.
authors: Suzy
authors: S
authors: Dymond-White
authors: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. j.britton@outlook.com.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Britton
mesh_terms: D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011330:Prisons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution