title: Characterizing the biotransformation of sulfur-containing wastes in simulated landfill reactors.
abstract: Landfills that accept municipal solid waste (MSW) in the U.S. may also accept a number of sulfur-containing wastes including residues from coal or MSW combustion, and construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Under anaerobic conditions that dominate landfills, microbially mediated processes can convert sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The presence of H2S in landfill gas is problematic for several reasons including its low odor threshold, human toxicity, and corrosive nature. The objective of this study was to develop and demonstrate a laboratory-scale reactor method to measure the H2S production potential of a range of sulfur-containing wastes. The H2S production potential was measured in 8-L reactors that were filled with a mixture of the target waste, newsprint as a source of organic carbon required for microbial sulfate reduction, and leachate from decomposed residential MSW as an inoculum. Reactors were operated with and without N2 sparging through the reactors, which was designed to reduce H2S accumulation and toxicity. Both H2S and CH4 yields were consistently higher in reactors that were sparged with N2 although the magnitude of the effect varied. The laboratory-measured first order decay rate constants for H2S and CH4 production were used to estimate constants that were applicable in landfills. The estimated constants ranged from 0.11yr(-1) for C&D fines to 0.38yr(-1) for a mixed fly ash and bottom ash from MSW combustion.
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750340, Dallas, TX, United States. Electronic address: wsun@smu.edu.
authors: Wenjie
authors: W
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC, United States.
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC, United States.
authors: Morton A
authors: MA
authors: Barlaz
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D014866:Waste Products; D013455:Sulfur
keywords: Ash; Coal combustion residue; Hydrogen sulfide; Landfill; Sulfur-containing waste