title: Effect of tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide on behavior and differentiation of endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is an effective biomaterial for periodontal tissue regeneration and might stimulate angiogenesis. Tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP) is present in EMD and is thought to contribute in its biological activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chemically synthesized TRAP on proliferation, migration, angiogenic structure formation, and differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of TRAP isolated from EMD and chemically synthesized TRAP on proliferation/viability, migration, and angiogenic structure formation were investigated. Expression of angiopoietin-2 (ang-2), von Willebrand factor (vWF), E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT-1), and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) was measured on both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferation/viability of HUVECs was inhibited by TRAP at concentration of 100 μg/ml and slightly stimulated by EMD at similar concentration. Both EMD and TRAP stimulated endothelial cell migration in microchemotaxis chamber. The effect of both TRAP preparations on the migration was significantly higher than that of EMD. All substances stimulated formation of angiogenic structure in vitro. The expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin, FLT-1, KDR, and vWF was significantly increased by both TRAP and EMD at a concentration 50 μg/ml. The expression of ang-2 was not affected by TRAP but was significantly increased by EMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our in vitro study shows that TRAP confer the most effects of EMD on the endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRAP might be used as a basis for development of new approaches for periodontal regeneration.
authors: Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: Jonke
authors: Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Anja C
authors: AC
authors: Gemperli
authors: Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
authors: Taowen
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Burcu
authors: B
authors: Özdemir
authors: Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland.|College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Dard
authors: Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. xiaohui.rausch-fan@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors: Xiaohui
authors: X
authors: Rausch-Fan
authors: Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. oleh.andrukhov@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors: Oleh
authors: O
authors: Andrukhov
mesh_terms: D053523:Amelogenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D053523:Amelogenin; D015415:Biomarkers; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: Angiogenesis; Enamel matrix derivative; Endothelial cells; Wound healing