title: Target Selection Signals Influence Perceptual Decisions by Modulating the Onset and Rate of Evidence Accumulation.
abstract: Computational and neurophysiological research has highlighted neural processes that accumulate sensory evidence for perceptual decisions. These processes have been studied in the context of highly simplified perceptual discrimination paradigms in which the physical evidence appears at times and locations that are either entirely predictable or exogenously cued (e.g., by the onset of the stimulus itself). Yet, we are rarely afforded such certainty in everyday life. For example, when driving along a busy motorway, we must continually monitor the movements of surrounding vehicles for events that call for a lane change. In such scenarios, it is unknown which of the continuously present information sources will become relevant or when. Although it is well established that evidence integration provides an effective mechanism for countering the impact of noise, the question of how this mechanism is implemented in the face of uncertain evidence onsets has yet to be answered. Here, we show that when monitoring two potential sources of information for evidence occurring unpredictably in both time and space, the human brain employs discrete, early target selection signals that significantly modulate the onset and rate of neural evidence accumulation, and thereby the timing and accuracy of perceptual reports. These selection signals share many of the key characteristics of the N2pc component highlighted in the literature on visual search yet are present even in the absence of distractors and under situations of low temporal and spatial uncertainty. These data provide novel insights into how target selection supports decision making in uncertain environments.
authors: Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address: loughnag@tcd.ie.
authors: Gerard M
authors: GM
authors: Loughnane
authors: School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
authors: Daniel P
authors: DP
authors: Newman
authors: School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Bellgrove
authors: Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors: Edmund C
authors: EC
authors: Lalor
authors: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors: Simon P
authors: SP
authors: Kelly
authors: Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors: Redmond G
authors: RG
authors: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035501:Uncertainty; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult