title: PREDICTORS OF INCIDENT TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-EXPOSED CHILDREN IN TANZANIA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the predictors of tuberculosis infection in HIV-exposed children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal cohort study nested within a randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antenatal clinics in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children born to 875 HIV-infected women in Tanzania.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 82 children developed tuberculosis during the follow-up period. In multivariate analyses, HIV infection was associated with a six-fold increase in risk of tuberculosis. Breastfeeding duration, child mid-upper arm circumference, and maternal CD4 T-cell counts were inversely related to risk of tuberculosis. In HIV-infected children, greater number of people eating at the same household meal and child CD8 T-cell counts were associated with increased risk of tuberculosis; higher maternal lymphocyte counts, increased duration of breastfeeding, and lower vitamin E levels were associated with reduced risk of tuberculosis. In HIV-uninfected children, breastfeeding duration and increased child mid-upper arm circumference were associated with reduced risk of tuberculosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breastfeeding duration, HIV status, maternal and child nutritional and immunological status were important predictors of child tuberculosis. Appropriate infant feeding and nutritional interventions could represent important adjuncts to prevent tuberculosis in children born to HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa.
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Finkelstein
authors: K P
authors: KP
authors: Manji
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Duggan
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Hertzmark
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mehta
authors: G I
authors: GI
authors: Msamanga
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Spiegelman
authors: W W
authors: WW
authors: Fawzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013636:Tanzania; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins