title: Hybrid 2D-nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensing strategies for clinical biomarkers determination.
abstract: Owing to the outstanding conductivity and biocompatibility as well as numerous other fascinating properties of two-dimensional (2D)-nanomaterials, 2D-based nanohybrids have shown unparalleled superiorities in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This review highlights latest advances in electrochemical immunosensors for clinical biomarkers based on different hybrid 2D-nanomaterials. Particular attention will be given to hybrid nanostructures involving graphene and other graphene-like 2D-layered nanomaterials (GLNs). Several recent strategies for using such 2D-nanomaterial heterostructures in the development of modern immunosensors, both for tagging or modifying electrode transducers, are summarized and discussed. These hybrid nanocomposites, quite superior than their rival materials, will undoubtedly have an important impact within the near future and not only in clinical areas. Current challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly growing field are also outlined.
authors: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Campuzano
authors: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pedrero
authors: Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dept 1, Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Athens 157 80, Greece. Electronic address: nikolelis@chem.uoa.gr.
authors: G-P
authors: GP
authors: Nikoleli
authors: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: pingarro@quim.ucm.es.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Pingarrón
authors: Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Kouponia, GR-15771 Athens, Greece.
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Nikolelis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Clinical biomarkers; Hybrid 2D-nanomaterials; Immunosensors