title: Inflammation markers are associated with metabolic syndrome and ventricular arrhythmia in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation plays a major role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Inflammation markers, including white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are widely used for cardiovascular risk prediction. The aim of the study was to establish factors associated with WBC, CRP and IL-6 in patients with CAD. Two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism were analyzed (C34T AMPD1, G22A ADA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of IL-6 were measured using high-sensitivity ELISA kits, and the nephelometric method was used for high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) measurement in 167 CAD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, presence of heart failure, severity of CAD symptoms, severe past ventricular arrhythmia (sustained ventricular tachycardia [sVT] or ventricular fibrillation [VF]), lower left ventricle ejection fraction, higher left ventricle mass index, higher end-diastolic volume and higher number of smoking pack-years were significantly associated with higher WBC, CRP and IL-6. Strong associations with arrhythmia were observed for IL-6 (median 3.90 vs 1.89 pg/mL, p<0.00001) and CRP concentration (6.32 vs 1.47 mg/L, p=0.00009), while MS was associated most strongly with IL-6. CRP and IL-6 were independent markers discriminating patients with sVT or VF. There were no associations between AMPD1 or ADA genotypes and inflammation markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WBC, CRP and IL-6 are strongly associated with components of the metabolic syndrome. Their strong association with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia emphasizes the proarrhythmic role of inflammation in the increased cardiovascular risk of CAD patients.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Safranow
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Violetta
authors: V
authors: Dziedziejko
authors: Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Ryszard
authors: R
authors: Rzeuski
authors: Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Edyta
authors: E
authors: Czyżycka
authors: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Bukowska
authors: Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Wojtarowicz
authors: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Bińczak-Kuleta
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Jakubowska
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Olszewska
authors: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Ciechanowicz
authors: Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Zdzisława
authors: Z
authors: Kornacewicz-Jach
authors: Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Bogusław
authors: B
authors: Machaliński
authors: Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Pawlik
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Dariusz
authors: D
authors: Chlubek
mesh_terms: D000659:AMP Deaminase / Q000235:genetics; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000097:blood; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C548482:ADA protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000659:AMP Deaminase; C514117:AMPD1 protein, human