title: Simultaneous resonant x-ray diffraction measurement of polarization inversion and lattice strain in polycrystalline ferroelectrics.
abstract: Structure-property relationships in ferroelectrics extend over several length scales from the individual unit cell to the macroscopic device, and with dynamics spanning a broad temporal domain. Characterizing the multi-scale structural origin of electric field-induced polarization reversal and strain in ferroelectrics is an ongoing challenge that so far has obscured its fundamental behaviour. By utilizing small intensity differences between Friedel pairs due to resonant scattering, we demonstrate a time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique for directly and simultaneously measuring both lattice strain and, for the first time, polarization reversal during in-situ electrical perturbation. This technique is demonstrated for BaTiO3-BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3 (BT-BZT) polycrystalline ferroelectrics, a prototypical lead-free piezoelectric with an ambiguous switching mechanism. This combines the benefits of spectroscopic and diffraction-based measurements into a single and robust technique with time resolution down to the ns scale, opening a new door to in-situ structure-property characterization that probes the full extent of the ferroelectric behaviour.
authors: Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57072, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gorfman
authors: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, 38043, France.|Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby kgs. 2800, Denmark.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Simons
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Iamsasri
authors: Materials Science, School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Prasertpalichat
authors: Materials Science, School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Cann
authors: Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57072, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Choe
authors: Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57072, Germany.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Pietsch
authors: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, 38043, France.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Watier
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Jones