title: Rechargeable anticandidal denture material with sustained release in saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Candida-induced denture stomatitis is a common debilitating problem among denture wearers. Previously, we described the fabrication of a new denture material that released antifungal drugs when immersed in phosphate buffered saline. Here, we use more clinically relevant immersion conditions (human saliva; 37°C) and measure miconazole release and bioactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disks were prepared by grafting PNVP [poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone)] onto PMMA [poly(methylmethacrylate)] using plasma initiation (PMMA-g-PNVP) and then loaded with miconazole. Drug-loaded disks were immersed in 10-100% human saliva (1-30 days). Miconazole release was measured and then tested for bioactivity vs miconazole-sensitive and miconazole-resistant Candida isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPLC was used to quantify miconazole levels in saliva. Miconazole-loaded disks released antifungal drug for up to 30 days. Higher drug release was found with higher concentrations of saliva, and, interestingly, miconazole solubility was increased with higher saliva concentrations. The released miconazole retained its anticandidal activity. After immersion, the residual miconazole could be quenched and the disks recharged. Freshly recharged disks displayed the same release kinetics and bioactivity as the original disks. Quenched disks could also be charged with chlorhexidine that displayed anticandidal activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PMMA-g-PNVP is a promising new denture material for long-term management of denture stomatitis.
authors: Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, Audie L Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.|Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Malakhov
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wen
authors: Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, Audie L Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.|Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors: B-X
authors: BX
authors: Zhang
authors: Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, Audie L Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.|Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Geng
authors: Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, Audie L Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.|Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors: X-D
authors: XD
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, Audie L Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.|Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors: C-K
authors: CK
authors: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003778:Dentures; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008825:Miconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012463:Saliva / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003764:Dental Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005839:Gentamicins; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C030159:gentamicin-polymethylmethacrylate bead; C042670:N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone; D008825:Miconazole; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Candida-associated denture stomatitis; antifungal treatment; drug delivery; rechargeable biomaterial