title: Insight to changing morphologic patterns of glomerulopathy in adult Pakistani patients: an institutional perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome encompasses diverse histogenetic patterns and depicts socioeconomic and demographic differences attributable to genetic profile, environmental factors and prevalence of infectious diseases. A lack of renal registry in our country necessitates a need to document changing histologic patterns of nephrotic syndrome as noted in different parts of the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 140 patients who underwent renal biopsy at Liaquat National Hospital from January 2009 to December 2013 over a period of 3 years. On the basis of clinical profile cases were segregated into nephritic and nephrotic syndrome and histologic and immunoflourescence findings were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 140 cases of glomerulonephritis diagnosed in the study period, 98 cases (70 %) were those of primary glomerulonephritis and 42 were of secondary glomerulopathy (30 %). Membranous glomerulonephritis was the most common primary glomerulonephritis (33.6 %) followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSGS (20.4 %), whereas lupus nephritis is the most common secondary glomerulopathy (47.6 %) followed by amyloidosis and diabetic glomerulosclerosis (16.6 % each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a considerable high incidence of membranous glomerulonephritis and FSGS in our population that entails a need to investigate prevalence of associated factors like Hepatitis B and HIV infections in population at risk. Moreover, renal biopsy registry would be instrumental in this regard to record changing disease pattern in this part of the world.
authors: Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. doc_atif2005@yahoo.com.
authors: Atif Ali
authors: AA
authors: Hashmi
authors: Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. zaib2009@yahoo.com.
authors: ZubaidaFida
authors: Z
authors: Hussain
authors: Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. muzzamil10@hotmail.com.
authors: Muhammad Muzzammil
authors: MM
authors: Edhi
authors: Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. shazia_mumtaz12@hotmail.com.
authors: Shazia
authors: S
authors: Mumtaz
authors: Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. naveenfaridi@lnh.edu.pk.
authors: Naveen
authors: N
authors: Faridi
authors: Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. mehmoodkhan955@yahoo.com.
authors: Mehmood
authors: M
authors: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan