title: Sperm processing for advanced reproductive technologies: Where are we today?
abstract: Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) utilize sperm sorting methods to select viable sperm from the semen samples. Conventional sperm sorting techniques in current use are density gradient centrifugation, direct swim-up, and conventional swim-up. These methods use multiple centrifugation steps, which have been shown to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that decrease DNA integrity and damage sperm. Newer technologies, such as microfluidics, electrophoresis, motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME), and birefringence eliminate the centrifugation steps and can improve the selection of sperm with higher DNA integrity, normal morphology, and motility as well as improved artificial insemination outcomes. In this review, we discuss some recent research in centrifugation and non-centrifugation based techniques and their effect on sperm quality and ART outcomes.
authors: Computer Engineering & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lab, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
authors: Kari L
authors: KL
authors: Rappa
authors: Advanced Reproductive Technologies - LIFE Laboratories, Fertility & Genetics, Plantation, FL 33324, United States.
authors: Harold F
authors: HF
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Good Samaritan Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, United States; Palm Beach Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lake Worth, FL 33418, United States.
authors: Gloria C
authors: GC
authors: Hakkarainen
authors: Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors: Raymond M
authors: RM
authors: Anchan
authors: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors: George L
authors: GL
authors: Mutter
authors: Computer Engineering & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lab, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States. Electronic address: wasghar@fau.edu.
authors: Waseem
authors: W
authors: Asghar
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012099:Reproductive Techniques; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Advanced reproductive technologies; Chemotaxis; ICSI; In vitro fertilization; Sperm sorting