title: Urinary metabolite profiling provides potential differentiation to explore the mechanisms of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.
abstract: To explore the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the perspective of metabolomics, gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) technology was used to observe changes in the metabolic profiles of urine output from rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with eight in each. Rats in the experimental group were induced by intracutaneous innoculation of 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant to right paws. On day 20 after immunization, the metabolic profiles between rat control and experimental groups were compared by combining GC-TOF/MS technology with multivariate statistical approaches, including principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis. Nine potential biomarkers were identified, including 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid, tartronic acid, dehydroshikimic acid, hippuric acid, adenine, phenaceturic acid, l-dopa, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and melibiose. The findings indicate that the rats with AA are disturbed in metabolism of purine, amino acid, fat and energy. This study also demonstrates that the dysfunction in a range of biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, which leads to increased oxygen free radicals and inflammation, could cause underlying pathogenesis of RA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.|College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: College of Pharmacy, Anhui university of Chinese medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Jia-Rong
authors: JR
authors: Gao
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Chuan-Bing
authors: CB
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Meng
authors: College of Pharmacy, Anhui university of Chinese medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Hefei, China.
authors: Xiu-Juan
authors: XJ
authors: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
keywords: GC - TOF/MS; adjuvant arthritis; biomarker; metabolomics; urine