title: Cytokine expression in the visceral adipose tissue after laparoscopic and conventional surgery in a rodent model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic Surgery has become a worldwide standard procedure for a variety of indications. This has been attributed to a milder postoperative inflammatory response by the innate immune system potentially mediated through immune mediators released by the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, an in vivo experimental evidence is lacking and is the issue of our present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (N = 24) underwent standardized surgical procedures of conventional cecum resection (CCR), conventional sham operation, laparoscopic cecum resection (LCR), or laparoscopic sham operation. Cytokine expression of leptin, resistin, and IL-6 was analyzed in VAT before and after resection by quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative leptin gene expression was reduced in the CCR and LCR groups, while expression was not significantly affected in both sham groups compared to the preoperative levels. In contrast, IL-6 expression was not affected in the LCR group, but was significantly elevated in the CCR cohort. The IL-6 expression was significantly higher in CCR compared to LCR. Resistin expression levels did not differ between all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study underlines the role of immunological involvement of VAT in the postoperative phase. Low leptin levels seem to act as a stimulator for energy uptake in order to cope with postoperative stress. A lower IL-6 expression in the LCR compared to the CCR group may indicate a weaker inflammatory activity potentially adding to the clinical benefits observed in patients undergoing LS.
authors: Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Philipp.Lingohr@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Lingohr
authors: Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Jonas.Dohmen@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors: Jonas
authors: J
authors: Dohmen
authors: Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Hanno.Matthaei@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors: Hanno
authors: H
authors: Matthaei
authors: Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Nils.Konieczny@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors: Nils
authors: N
authors: Konieczny
authors: Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. julianehoffmann@gmx.net.
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Hoffmann
authors: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Boelke@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: Bölke
authors: Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Sven.Wehner@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Wehner
authors: Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. kalff@uni-bonn.de.
authors: Jörg C
authors: JC
authors: Kalff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D052243:Resistin / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin