title: Behavioral Pure-Tone Threshold Shifts Caused by Tympanic Membrane Electrodes.
abstract: To determine whether tympanic membrane (TM) electrodes induce behavioral pure-tone threshold shifts.
  
  
  
  Pure-tone thresholds (250 to 8000 Hz) were measured twice in test (n = 18) and control (n = 10) groups. TM electrodes were placed between first and second threshold measurements in the test group, whereas the control group did not receive electrodes. Pure-tone threshold shifts were compared between groups. The effect of TM electrode contact location on threshold shifts was evaluated in the test group.
  
  
  
  TM electrodes significantly increased average low-frequency thresholds, 7.5 dB at 250 Hz and 4.2 dB at 500 Hz, and shifts were as large as 25 dB in individual ears. Also, threshold shifts did not appear to vary at any frequency with TM electrode contact location.
  
  
  
  Low-frequency threshold shifts occur when using TM electrodes and insert earphones. These findings are relevant to interpreting electrocochleographic responses to low-frequency stimuli.
authors: 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; and 2Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors: Spencer B
authors: SB
authors: Smith
authors: Jeffery
authors: J
authors: Lichtenhan
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Cone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001300:Audiometry, Evoked Response / Q000379:methods*; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods*; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014432:Tympanic Membrane; D055815:Young Adult