title: Temporary protection of rainbow trout gill epithelial cells from infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb.
abstract: The branchial epithelium is not only a primary route of entry for viral pathogens, but is also a site of viral replication and subsequent shedding may also occur from the gill epithelium. This study investigated the potential of agents known to stimulate innate immunity to protect rainbow trout epithelial cells (RTgill-W1) from infection with VHSV IVb. RTgill-W1 cells were pretreated with poly I:C, FuGENE(®) HD + poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + poly I:C or heat-killed VHSV IVb and then infected with VHSV IVb 4 days later. Cytopathic effect (CPE) was determined at 2, 3, 4, 7 and 11 days post-infection. Virus in cells and supernatant was detected using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All of the treatments delayed the onset of CPE (per cent of monolayer destruction), compared with untreated controls; however, killed VHSV or poly I:C combined with LPS was the most effective. Similarly, the detection of viral RNA in the supernatant was delayed, and the quantity was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all treatments with the exception of LPS alone (4 days). Unlike many of the other treatments, pretreatment of RTgill-W1 with heat-killed VHSV did not upregulate interferon 1, 2 or MX 1 gene expression.
authors: Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Al-Hussinee
authors: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Pham
authors: Novartis Animal Health Inc., Victoria, PEI, Canada.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Russell
authors: Novartis Animal Health Inc., Victoria, PEI, Canada.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Tubbs
authors: Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tafalla
authors: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Bols
authors: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Dixon
authors: Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Lumsden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005880:Gills / Q000821:virology; D031941:Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D029141:Novirhabdovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Mx, rainbow trout; RTgill-W1; gill epithelium; interferon; poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb