title: Combining -Omics to Unravel the Impact of Copper Nutrition on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Stem Metabolism.
abstract: Copper can be found in the environment at concentrations ranging from a shortage up to the threshold of toxicity for plants, with optimal growth conditions situated in between. The plant stem plays a central role in transferring and distributing minerals, water and other solutes throughout the plant. In this study, alfalfa is exposed to different levels of copper availability, from deficiency to slight excess, and the impact on the metabolism of the stem is assessed by a non-targeted proteomics study and by the expression analysis of key genes controlling plant stem development. Under copper deficiency, the plant stem accumulates specific copper chaperones, the expression of genes involved in stem development is decreased and the concentrations of zinc and molybdenum are increased in comparison with the optimum copper level. At the optimal copper level, the expression of cell wall-related genes increases and proteins playing a role in cell wall deposition and in methionine metabolism accumulate, whereas copper excess imposes a reduction in the concentration of iron in the stem and a reduced abundance of ferritins. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis suggests a role for the apoplasm as a copper storage site in the case of copper toxicity.
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Printz
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
authors: Gea
authors: G
authors: Guerriero
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg kjell.sergeant@list.lu.
authors: Kjell
authors: K
authors: Sergeant
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
authors: Jean-Nicolas
authors: JN
authors: Audinot
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
authors: Cédric
authors: C
authors: Guignard
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Renaut
authors: Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors: Stanley
authors: S
authors: Lutts
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
authors: Jean-Francois
authors: JF
authors: Hausman
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008903:Minerals; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008903:Minerals; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D003300:Copper
keywords: ATX1; Cellulose synthase; Copper deficiency; Copper excess; Ionomics; Stem