title: A Feasibility Study of Neoadjuvant XELOX Without Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Lower Rectal Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) without radiation in patients with locally advanced lower rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with clinical stage II/III lower rectal cancer underwent three cycles of XELOX followed by radical surgery. The primary end-point was the R0 resection rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients were recruited between February 2012 and August 2014. The completion rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 96.5% among the 29 patients who received it; the remaining two refused chemotherapy and underwent immediate surgery. Grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in nine patients (31%). All 29 patients who received chemotherapy underwent radical resection. The R0 resection rate was 96.5% among these 29 patients. Pathological complete responses were achieved in three patients (10.3%) and downstaging occurred in 13 (44.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study found that neoadjuvant XELOX for locally advanced lower rectal cancer is feasible and safe. This neoadjuvant treatment improved resection margin status.
authors: Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan tueki@surg1.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Ueki
authors: Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Manabe
authors: Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Shigetaka
authors: S
authors: Inoue
authors: Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Ienaga
authors: Japanese Red Cross Yamaguchi Hospital, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Yamanaka
authors: Japan Labor Health Welfare Organization, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Egami
authors: Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors: Mikimasa
authors: M
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Hamanomachi Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Konomi
authors: Japanese Red Cross Karatsu Hospital, Karatsu-shi, Saga, Japan.
authors: Akashi
authors: A
authors: Ikubo
authors: Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Kinuko
authors: K
authors: Nagayoshi
authors: Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Masafumi
authors: M
authors: Nakamura
authors: Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki-shi, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D010071:Oxaloacetates; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010071:Oxaloacetates; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: Lower rectal cancer; XELOX; neoadjuvant chemotherapy