title: The Thioredoxin GbNRX1 Plays a Crucial Role in Homeostasis of Apoplastic Reactive Oxygen Species in Response to Verticillium dahliae Infection in Cotton.
abstract: Examining the proteins that plants secrete into the apoplast in response to pathogen attack provides crucial information for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant innate immunity. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the root apoplast secretome of the Verticillium wilt-resistant island cotton cv Hai 7124 (Gossypium barbadense) upon infection with Verticillium dahliae Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified 68 significantly altered spots, corresponding to 49 different proteins. Gene ontology annotation indicated that most of these proteins function in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and defense response. Of the ROS-related proteins identified, we further characterized a thioredoxin, GbNRX1, which increased in abundance in response to V. dahliae challenge, finding that GbNRX1 functions in apoplastic ROS scavenging after the ROS burst that occurs upon recognition of V. dahliae Silencing of GbNRX1 resulted in defective dissipation of apoplastic ROS, which led to higher ROS accumulation in protoplasts. As a result, the GbNRX1-silenced plants showed reduced wilt resistance, indicating that the initial defense response in the root apoplast requires the antioxidant activity of GbNRX1. Together, our results demonstrate that apoplastic ROS generation and scavenging occur in tandem in response to pathogen attack; also, the rapid balancing of redox to maintain homeostasis after the ROS burst, which involves GbNRX1, is critical for the apoplastic immune response.
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: Yuan-Bao
authors: 0000-0001-7238-2261
authors: YB
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: Li-Bo
authors: 0000-0001-7068-8160
authors: LB
authors: Han
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: Hai-Yun
authors: 0000-0001-9071-4346
authors: HY
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: Shu-Tao
authors: ST
authors: Sun
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: De-Qin
authors: DQ
authors: Feng
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: Chun-Lin
authors: CL
authors: Yang
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.).
authors: Yong-Duo
authors: YD
authors: Sun
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.) xiagx@im.ac.cn nqzhong@im.ac.cn.
authors: Nai-Qin
authors: NQ
authors: Zhong
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., S.-T.S., D.-Q.F., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China (Y.-B.L., L.-B.H., H.-Y.W., J.Z., C.-L.Y., Y.-D.S., N.-Q.Z., G.-X.X.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Y.-B.L., Y.-D.S.) xiagx@im.ac.cn nqzhong@im.ac.cn.
authors: Gui-Xian
authors: 0000-0003-4426-9784
authors: GX
authors: Xia
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D003368:Gossypium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D058526:Plant Vascular Bundle / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020172:Verticillium / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013879:Thioredoxins