title: High prevalence of extra-genital chlamydial or gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru.
abstract: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are among the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections in the world. Data are limited, however, on the burden of extra-genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru. Data were gathered from self-collected anal or pharyngeal swabs from participants in Lima, Peru, and analyzed via cross-sectional methods. Prevalence ratios for the association between extra-genital infection with socio-demographic and sexual behaviors were determined. Overall, 127 (32.8%) participants had anal or pharyngeal infections. On multivariate modeling, anal infection was positively associated with practicing both receptive and insertive anal sex, when compared to insertive alone (PR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.32-4.71), and negatively associated with any antibiotic use in the prior three months (PR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.39-0.91). Pharyngeal infection was negatively associated with age greater than 30 years compared to 18-30 years (PR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.30-0.96), and positively associated with gender identity of transgender women (PR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.20-3.73). This study demonstrates considerable burden of extra-genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru.
authors: 1 David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Lao-Tzu
authors: LT
authors: Allan-Blitz
authors: 2 Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.|3 Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Segundo R
authors: SR
authors: Leon
authors: 4 Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Claire C
authors: CC
authors: Bristow
authors: 5 Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Kelika A
authors: KA
authors: Konda
authors: 2 Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors: Silver K
authors: SK
authors: Vargas
authors: 2 Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors: Juan A
authors: JA
authors: Flores
authors: 6 Division of Clinical Sciences, Center for Healthy Communities, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, CA, USA.
authors: Brandon J
authors: BJ
authors: Brown
authors: 2 Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors: Carlos F
authors: CF
authors: Caceres
authors: 1 David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.|5 Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Jeffrey D
authors: JD
authors: Klausner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000382:microbiology*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D063106:Transgender Persons; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis); Peru; Pharyngeal; Rectal; South America; epidemiology; gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae); homosexual