title: Uptake and toxicity of nano-ZnO in the plant-feeding nematode, Xiphinema vuittenezi: the role of dissolved zinc and nanoparticle-specific effects.
abstract: Nanoparticulate ZnO is one of the most commonly applied nanomaterials. As ZnO is more soluble than many other oxide nanoparticles, its toxicity beyond the nanoparticle-specific effects can be attributed to the dissolved ionic zinc. The investigation of uptake and toxicity of nano-ZnO in the plant-feeding nematode, Xiphinema vuittenezi, which was used in previous studies as a biological model organism, was aimed. The establishment of the role of dissolved zinc and nanoparticle-specific effects in the toxicity was also the objective of our study. Zn uptake was found to be significantly higher for bulk and nano-ZnO than for ZnSO4 solution; however, treatments caused loss of potassium in the worms in a dissolved-zinc-dependent manner. The toxicity was the lowest for bulk ZnO, and it was very similar for nano-ZnO and ZnSO4 solution. Accordingly, the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles is a combination of dissolved-zinc-caused toxicity and nanoparticle-specific effects.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. savoly.zoltan@ttk.mta.hu.|Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Todusok korutja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. savoly.zoltan@ttk.mta.hu.
authors: Zoltán
authors: Z
authors: Sávoly
authors: Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors: Krisztina
authors: K
authors: Hrács
authors: Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Pemmer
authors: Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Streli
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
authors: Gyula
authors: G
authors: Záray
authors: Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
authors: Péter István
authors: PI
authors: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D009348:Nematoda / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Dissolved zinc; Nano-ZnO; Nanoparticles; Nematode; Soil pollution; Total reflection X-ray fluorescence; Toxicity