title: A modern solid waste management strategy--the generation of new by-products.
abstract: To benefit the environment and society, EU legislation has introduced a 'zero waste' strategy, in which waste material should be converted to resources. Such legislation is supported by the solid waste hierarchy concept, which is a set of priorities in waste management. Under this concept, municipal solid waste plants (MSWPs) should be equipped with sorting and recycling facilities, composting/incineration units and landfill prisms for residual bulk disposal. However, each of the aforementioned facilities generates by-products that must be treated. This project focuses on the leachates from landfill prisms, including modern prism (MP) that meet EU requirements and previous prism (PP) that provide for the storage of permitted biodegradable waste as well as technological wastewaters from sorting unit (SU) and composting unit (CU), which are usually overlooked. The physico-chemical parameters of the liquid by-products collected over 38 months were supported by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) amplifications of functional genes transcripts and a metagenomic approach that describes the archaeal and bacterial community in the MP. The obtained data show that SU and especially CU generate wastewater that is rich in nutrients, organic matter and heavy metals. Through their on-site pre-treatment and recirculation via landfill prisms, the landfill waste decomposition process may be accelerated because of the introduction of organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions may be increased. These results have been confirmed by the progressive abundance of both archaeal community and the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene. The resulting multivariate data set, supported by a principal component analysis, provides useful information for the design, operation and risk assessment of modern MSWPs.
authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address: sksiazek@pg.gda.pl.
authors: Sylwia
authors: S
authors: Fudala-Ksiazek
authors: Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: m.pierpaoli@pm.univpm.it.
authors: Mattia
authors: M
authors: Pierpaoli
authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address: ekul@pg.gda.pl.
authors: Eliza
authors: E
authors: Kulbat
authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address: ansob@pg.gda.pl.
authors: Aneta
authors: A
authors: Luczkiewicz
mesh_terms: D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Metagenomic approach; New liquid by-products and landfill leachates; Physico-chemical variables; Principal component analysis; Solid-waste hierarchy; Technological wastewaters