title: Efficient Donor Impurities in ZnO Nanorods by Polyethylene Glycol for Enhanced Optical and Glutamate Sensing Properties.
abstract: In this paper, we show that the possibility of using polyethylene glycol (EG) as a hydrogen source and it is used to assist the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods (ZNRs). EG doping in ZNRs has been found to significantly improve their optical and chemical sensing characteristics toward glutamate. The EG was found to have no role on the structural properties of the ZNRs. However, the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that the EG could induce donor impurities effect in ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis. spectra demonstrated this doping effect. Mott-Schottky analysis at the ZNRs/electrolyte interface was used to investigate the charge density for the doped ZNRs and showed comparable dependence on the used amount of EG. Moreover, the doped ZNRs were used in potentiometric measurements for glutamate for a range from 10(-6) M to 10(-3) M and the potential response of the sensor electrode was linear with a slope of 91.15 mV/decade. The wide range and high sensitivity of the modified ZNRs based glutamate biosensor is attributed to the doping effect on the ZNRs that is dictated by the EG along with the high surface area-to-volume ratio. The findings in the present study suggest new avenues to control the growth of n-ZnO nanostructures and enhance the performance of their sensing devices.
authors: Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrkoping, Linkoping University, SE-60174 Norrkoping, Sweden. sami.elhag@liu.se.
authors: Sami
authors: S
authors: Elhag
authors: Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrkoping, Linkoping University, SE-60174 Norrkoping, Sweden. kimleang.khun@liu.se.
authors: Kimleang
authors: K
authors: Khun
authors: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden. volodymyr.khranovskyy@liu.se.
authors: Volodymyr
authors: V
authors: Khranovskyy
authors: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden. xianjie.liu@liu.se.
authors: Xianjie
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrkoping, Linkoping University, SE-60174 Norrkoping, Sweden. magnus.willander@liu.se.
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Willander
authors: Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrkoping, Linkoping University, SE-60174 Norrkoping, Sweden. omer.nour@liu.se.
authors: Omer
authors: O
authors: Nur
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006859:Hydrogen; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: ZnO nanorods; doping; glutamate; potentiometric sensor