title: Toward Precision Psychiatry: Statistical Platform for the Personalized Characterization of Natural Behaviors.
abstract: There is a critical need for new analytics to personalize behavioral data analysis across different fields, including kinesiology, sports science, and behavioral neuroscience. Specifically, to better translate and integrate basic research into patient care, we need to radically transform the methods by which we describe and interpret movement data. Here, we show that hidden in the "noise," smoothed out by averaging movement kinematics data, lies a wealth of information that selectively differentiates neurological and mental disorders such as Parkinson's disease, deafferentation, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia from typically developing and typically aging controls. In this report, we quantify the continuous forward-and-back pointing movements of participants from a large heterogeneous cohort comprising typical and pathological cases. We empirically estimate the statistical parameters of the probability distributions for each individual in the cohort and report the parameter ranges for each clinical group after characterization of healthy developing and aging groups. We coin this newly proposed platform for individualized behavioral analyses "precision phenotyping" to distinguish it from the type of observational-behavioral phenotyping prevalent in clinical studies or from the "one-size-fits-all" model in basic movement science. We further propose the use of this platform as a unifying statistical framework to characterize brain disorders of known etiology in relation to idiopathic neurological disorders with similar phenotypic manifestations.
authors: Psychology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Computer Science Department, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Modeling, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors: Elizabeth B
authors: EB
authors: Torres
authors: Psychology Department, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ , USA.
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Isenhower
authors: Psychology Department, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ , USA.
authors: Jillian
authors: J
authors: Nguyen
authors: Psychology Department, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ , USA.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Whyatt
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA.
authors: John I
authors: JI
authors: Nurnberger
authors: Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Jorge V
authors: JV
authors: Jose
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, NJ , USA.
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Silverstein
authors: Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors: Thomas V
authors: TV
authors: Papathomas
authors: Movement Disorders, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, NJ , USA.
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Sage
authors: Poole Hospital and Bournemouth University , Poole , UK.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Cole
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; autism spectrum disorders; deafferentation; precision phenotyping; schizophrenia; sensory–motor noise