title: [“Tit for Tat?” The development of prosocial behavior and its relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems].
abstract: Supporting other human beings is a fundamental aspect of human societies. Such so-called prosocial behavior is expressed in helping others, cooperating and sharing with them. This article gives an overview both of the development of prosocial behavior across childhood and of the relationship between prosociality and externalizing and internalizing problems. Especially externalizing problems are negatively associated with prosocial behavior, whereas the relationships with prosocial behavior are more heterogeneous for internalizing problems. Studies investigating developmental trajectories demonstrate that prosocial behavior and externalizing problems are not opposite ends of a continuum. Rather, they are two independent dimensions that may also co-occur in development. The same applies to internalizing problems, which can co-occur with pronounced prosociality as well as with low prosociality.
authors: 1 Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Schröder
authors: 2 AE Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Seehagen
authors: 3 Institut für Psychologie, Technische Universität Dortmund.
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Zmyj
authors: 1 Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Hebebrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007389:Internal-External Control; D010553:Personality Development; D000066553:Problem Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: developmental trajectories; externalizing problems; internalizing problems; prosocial behavior; sharing