title: Is Emotional Lability Distinct From "Angry/Irritable Mood," "Negative Affect," or Other Subdimensions of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children With ADHD?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emotional lability (EL) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) frequently co-occur with ADHD. This study evaluates whether EL merely represents the negative "mood/affect" component of ODD or forms a distinct dimension.
  
  
  METHODS
  EL and ODD data from 1,317 ADHD participants were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for binary data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within ADHD, 39.4% children had ODD and 42.6% had EL. A sizable proportion expressed only either ODD or EL: 16.6% had ODD-only, 19.7% had EL-only, and 22.9% expressed both. In both EFA and CFA, EL forms a separate dimension from ODD items and the "mood/affect" subdimensions (whether classified by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [5th ed.; DSM-5] or the Burke et al. models or the de novo ODD subdimensions derived from our data). This factorial structure remains invariant across gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EL is distinct from ODD and its "mood/affect" subdimensions. In line with emerging evidence, our findings provide further evidence of factorial validity for EL as a separate construct from ODD.
authors: 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: 3 Department of Child and Adolesenct Psychiatry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|4 Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service (CAHDS), Department of Health, Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|5 Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors: Wai
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: 5 Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors: Silia
authors: S
authors: Vitoratou
authors: 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Sun
authors: 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors: Xiaoyan
authors: X
authors: Yu
authors: 6 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
authors: Gareth
authors: G
authors: Hagger-Johnson
authors: 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors: Zhaomin
authors: Z
authors: Wu
authors: 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors: Qiujin
authors: Q
authors: Qian
authors: 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors: Yufeng
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology; D000786:Anger; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology
keywords: ADHD; ODD; emotional lability; factor analyses