title: Comparative analyses of fungicide sensitivity and SSR marker variations indicate a low risk of developing azoxystrobin resistance in Phytophthora infestans.
abstract: Knowledge of the evolution of fungicide resistance is important in securing sustainable disease management in agricultural systems. In this study, we analyzed and compared the spatial distribution of genetic variation in azoxystrobin sensitivity and SSR markers in 140 Phytophthora infestans isolates sampled from seven geographic locations in China. Sensitivity to azoxystrobin and its genetic variation in the pathogen populations was measured by the relative growth rate (RGR) at four fungicide concentrations and determination of the effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50). We found that all isolates in the current study were sensitive to azoxystrobin and their EC50 was similar to that detected from a European population about 20 years ago, suggesting the risk of developing azoxystrobin resistance in P. infestans populations is low. Further analyses indicate that reduced genetic variation and high fitness cost in resistant mutations are the likely causes for the low evolutionary likelihood of developing azoxystrobin resistance in the pathogen. We also found a negative correlation between azoxystrobin tolerance in P. infestans populations and the mean annual temperature of collection sites, suggesting that global warming may increase the efficiency of using the fungicide to control the late blight.
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: Chun-Fang
authors: CF
authors: Qin
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: Meng-Han
authors: MH
authors: He
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: Feng-Ping
authors: FP
authors: Chen
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Zhu
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: Li-Na
authors: LN
authors: Yang
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: E-Jiao
authors: EJ
authors: Wu
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: Zheng-Liang
authors: ZL
authors: Guo
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors: Li-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Shang
authors: Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors: Jiasui
authors: J
authors: Zhan
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D055750:Phytophthora infestans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000469:parasitology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000469:parasitology; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008689:Methacrylates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000073739:Strobilurins; C087670:azoxystrobin