title: Effect of Schistosoma mansoni Infection on Innate and HIV-1-Specific T-Cell Immune Responses in HIV-1-Infected Ugandan Fisher Folk.
abstract: In Uganda, fisher folk have HIV prevalence rates, about four times higher than the national average, and are often coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni. We hypothesized that innate immune responses and HIV-specific Th1 immune responses might be downmodulated in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals compared with HIV+/S. mansoni-negative individuals. We stimulated whole blood with innate receptor agonists and analyzed supernatant cytokines by Luminex. We evaluated HIV-specific responses by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. We found that the plasma viral load and CD4 count were similar between the HIV+SM+ and HIV+SM- individuals. In addition, the TNF-α response to the imidazoquinoline compound CL097 and β-1, 3-glucan (curdlan), was significantly higher in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals compared with HIV only-infected individuals. The frequency of HIV-specific IFN-γ+IL-2-TNF-α- CD8 T cells and IFN-γ+IL-2-TNF-α+ CD4 T cells was significantly higher in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals compared with HIV only-infected individuals. These findings do not support the hypothesis that S. mansoni downmodulates innate or HIV-specific Th1 responses in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals.
authors: 1 Basic Science Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Andrew Ekii
authors: AE
authors: Obuku
authors: 2 HIV Prevention and Epidemiology Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Gershim
authors: G
authors: Asiki
authors: 2 HIV Prevention and Epidemiology Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Abaasa
authors: 2 HIV Prevention and Epidemiology Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Isaac
authors: I
authors: Ssonko
authors: 3 Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Teaching Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland .
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Harari
authors: 4 Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands .
authors: Govert J
authors: GJ
authors: van Dam
authors: 4 Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands .
authors: Paul L
authors: PL
authors: Corstjens
authors: 5 Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda .
authors: Moses
authors: M
authors: Joloba
authors: 6 EuroVacc Foundation , Amsterdam, the Netherlands .
authors: Song
authors: S
authors: Ding
authors: 7 Uganda Virus Research Institute/International AIDS Vaccine Initiative , Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Juliet
authors: J
authors: Mpendo
authors: 7 Uganda Virus Research Institute/International AIDS Vaccine Initiative , Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Nielsen
authors: 2 HIV Prevention and Epidemiology Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Anatoli
authors: A
authors: Kamali
authors: 8 Co-Infections Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .|9 Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London, United Kingdom .
authors: Alison M
authors: AM
authors: Elliott
authors: 3 Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Teaching Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland .
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Pantaleo
authors: 1 Basic Science Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .|9 Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London, United Kingdom .
authors: Pontiano
authors: P
authors: Kaleebu
authors: 1 Basic Science Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Pala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014454:Uganda; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines