title: SNARE complex in developmental psychiatry: neurotransmitter exocytosis and beyond.
abstract: Multiple biological processes throughout development require intracellular vesicular trafficking, where the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptors) complex plays a major role. The core proteins forming the SNARE complex are SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25), VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein) and Syntaxins, besides its regulatory proteins, such as Synaptotagmin. Genes encoding these proteins (SNAP25, VAMP1, VAMP2, STX1A, SYT1 and SYT2) have been studied in relation to psychiatric disorders susceptibility. Here, we review physiological aspects of SNARE complex and genetic association results reported for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, both in children and adults, autism spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Moreover, we included findings from expression, pharmacogenetics and animal model studies regarding these clinical phenotypes. The overall scenario depicted here suggests that the SNARE complex may exert distinct roles throughout development, with age-specific effects of genetic variants in psychiatric disorders. Such perspective should be considered in future studies regarding SNARE complex genes.
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
authors: Renata Basso
authors: RB
authors: Cupertino
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
authors: Djenifer B
authors: DB
authors: Kappel
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
authors: Cibele Edom
authors: CE
authors: Bandeira
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
authors: Jaqueline Bohrer
authors: JB
authors: Schuch
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
authors: Bruna Santos
authors: BS
authors: da Silva
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Müller
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil. claiton.bau@ufrgs.br.
authors: Claiton Henrique Dotto
authors: CH
authors: Bau
authors: Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
authors: Nina Roth
authors: NR
authors: Mota
mesh_terms: D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D050600:SNARE Proteins
keywords: ADHD; DEVELOPM.PSYCH; Development; Psychiatry disorders; SNARE