title: Tumor-Targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R: An Overview.
abstract: The present chapter reviews the development of the tumor-targeting amino-acid auxotrophic strain S. typhimurium A1 and the in vivo selection and characterization of the high-tumor-targeting strain S. typhimurium A1-R. Efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R in nude-mouse models of prostate, breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer, as well as sarcoma and glioma in orthotopic mouse models is described. Also reviewed is efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R targeting of primary bone tumor and lung metastasis of high-grade osteosarcoma, breast-cancer brain metastasis, and experimental breast-cancer bone metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. The efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R on pancreatic cancer stem cells, on pancreatic cancer in combination with anti-angiogenic agents, as well as on cervical cancer, soft-tissue sarcoma, and pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models, is also described.
authors: AntiCancer Inc., and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. all@anticancer.com.
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005996:Nitroglycerin
keywords: Amino acid; Auxotroph; Cancer; Cancer-cell killing; Green fluorescent protein (GFP); Metastasis; Mouse models; Nude mice; Orthotopic; Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX); Salmonella typhimurium A1-R; Tumor targeting