title: Sleep quality changes in chronically depressed patients treated with Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy or the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To capture any sleep quality changes associated with group psychotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physician-referred, chronically depressed patients (n = 25) were randomized to either eight group sessions of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT, n = 9) plus Treatment As Usual (TAU), or the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP, n = 8) plus TAU, or to TAU only (control group, n = 8). Participants recorded their sleep at home. The primary outcome variables were: stable and unstable sleep, which were assessed using cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis, and estimated total sleep and wake time (minutes). Cardiopulmonary coupling measures heart rate variability and the electrocardiogram's R-wave amplitude fluctuations associated with respiration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By post-treatment night 6, the CBASP group had more stable sleep (p= 0.044) and less wake (p = 0.004) compared with TAU, and less wake vs MBCT (p = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CBASP group psychotherapy treatment improved sleep quality compared with Treatment As Usual.
authors: REM Sleep Medicine, Boulder, CO, USA. Electronic address: pjs@remsleepmed.com.
authors: Preetam J
authors: PJ
authors: Schramm
authors: School of Psychology, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Ingo
authors: I
authors: Zobel
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Kathrin
authors: K
authors: Mönch
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Schramm
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Michalak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D012890:Sleep; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
keywords: Cardiopulmonary coupling; Chronic depression; Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy; Cognitive psychotherapy; Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy; Sleep quality