title: Prevalence of rhinovirus in wheezing children: a comparison with respiratory syncytial virus wheezing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the distribution and clinical manifestations of rhinovirus infection in wheezing children, and compare the clinical differences between rhinovirus- and respiratory syncytial virus-induced wheezing.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort study was carried out in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from Dec 2012 to Nov 2014. We enrolled consecutive hospitalized children <60 months of age presented with wheezing. Clinical data including cough, fever, dyspnea, crackles were recorded by pediatricians on the first day of admission. Meanwhile, nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained to test for respiratory viruses, by using polymerase chain reaction method for rhinovirus, human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus, and direct immunofluorescence assay to test for respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus types 1-3, and influenza virus types A and B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rhinovirus was a main causative agent isolated in 14.7% of the hospitalized wheezing children in Suzhou, China, being second to respiratory syncytial virus (21.0%). Different from respiratory syncytial virus infection, which peaked in winter months, rhinovirus could be detected all year round, peaked between July and September, and in November. Children with rhinovirus infection were older and presented with more often allergic sensitizations, blood eosinophilia, and leukocytosis than those of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Logistic regression analysis revealed that rhinovirus-infected children experienced earlier wheezing more often than respiratory syncytial virus children (odds ratio, 3.441; 95% confidence interval, 1.187-9.979; p=0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhinovirus was a main viral pathogen in wheezing children, especially in summer time. Rhinovirus-induced wheezing was different from respiratory syncytial virus, apart from seasonal epidemics; these two groups differed with regard to age, allergic sensitizations, laboratory test, and history of wheezing episodes.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors: Huiquan
authors: H
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors: Qiufeng
authors: Q
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors: Wunjun
authors: W
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors: Zhengrong
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors: Meijuan
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Ji
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors: Xuejun
authors: X
authors: Shao
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: yyd3060@126.com.
authors: Yongdong
authors: Y
authors: Yan
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons
keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus; Rhinovirus; Wheezing