title: Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Urine Cytology in Low-grade Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the clinical significance of preoperative urine cytology in patients with low-grade bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively investigated the records of 155 patients diagnosed with primary low-grade (Ta) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder between January 2000 and September 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with class III or greater cytology had significantly higher-grade (G2) (p=0.01), larger tumors (≥15 mm, p=0.0009) and significantly shorter recurrence-free survival compared to patients with class II or lower cytology (p<0.0001). However, Cox proportional hazards analysis for recurrence-free survival only identified tumor size (≥15 mm) (hazard ratio=5.97, 95% confidence interval=2.39-17.29; p<0.0001) as a predictor of poor prognosis, although patients with class III or higher preoperative cytology showed a tendency towards frequent intravesical recurrence (hazard ratio=1.98, 95% confidence interval=0.96-4.2; p=0.063).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative urine cytology, in addition to tumor size, might be a useful predictor of intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer.
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Keijiro
authors: K
authors: Kiyoshima
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Akitake
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Shiota
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Ario
authors: A
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Ryosuke
authors: R
authors: Takahashi
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Inokuchi
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Katsunori
authors: K
authors: Tatsugami
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan yokoa@uro.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Yokomizo
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Masatoshi
authors: M
authors: Eto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000652:urine*; D015653:Cystectomy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D016482:Urinalysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Urine cytology; bladder cancer; low-grade urothelial carcinoma