title: Determinants of Early Mortality Among 37,568 Patients With Colon Cancer Who Participated in 25 Clinical Trials From the Adjuvant Colon Cancer Endpoints Database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Factors associated with early mortality after surgery and treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the determinants of early mortality in a large cohort of colon cancer trial participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pooled analysis of 37,568 patients in 25 randomized trials of adjuvant systemic therapy was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression models with several definitions of early mortality (30, 60, and 90 days, and 6 months) were constructed, adjusting for clinically and statistically significant variables. A nomogram for 6-month mortality was developed and validated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age among patients was 61 years, patient demographics included 54% men and 90% White, 29% and 71% had stage II and III disease, respectively, and 79%, 20%, and 1% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 0, 1, and ≥ 2, respectively. Early mortality was low: 0.3% at 30 days, 0.6% at 60 days, 0.8% at 90 days, and 1.4% at 6 months. Of those patients who died by 6 months post-random assignment, 40% had documented disease recurrence prior to death. Early disease recurrence was associated with a markedly increased risk of death during the first 6 months post-treatment (hazard ratio, 82.6; 95%CI, 66.9 to 102.1). In prognostic analyses, advanced age, male sex, poorer PS, increasing ratio of positive to examined lymph nodes, earlier decade of enrollment, and higher tumor stage and grade predicted a greater likelihood of early mortality, whereas treatment received was not strongly predictive. A multivariable model for 6-month mortality showed strong optimism-adjusted discrimination (concordance index, 0.73) and calibration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early mortality was infrequent but more prevalent in patients with advanced age and a PS of ≥ 2, underscoring the need to carefully consider the risk-to-benefit ratio when making treatment decisions in these subgroups.
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. wcheung@bccancer.bc.ca.
authors: Winson Y
authors: WY
authors: Cheung
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Lindsay A
authors: LA
authors: Renfro
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Kerr
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Aimery
authors: A
authors: de Gramont
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Leonard B
authors: LB
authors: Saltz
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Grothey
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Steven R
authors: SR
authors: Alberts
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Andre
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Katherine A
authors: KA
authors: Guthrie
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Labianca
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Francini
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Jean-Francois
authors: JF
authors: Seitz
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: O'Callaghan
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Twelves
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Van Cutsem
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Daniel G
authors: DG
authors: Haller
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Greg
authors: G
authors: Yothers
authors: Winson Y. Cheung, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; Chris O'Callaghan, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Lindsay A. Renfro, Axel Grothey, Steven R. Alberts, and Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; David Kerr, University of Oxford, Oxford; Chris Twelves, University of Leeds and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Aimery de Gramont, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret; Thierry Andre, Hospital Saint-Antoine and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Jean-Francois Seitz, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA; Roberto Labianca, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Guido Francini, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Eric Van Cutsem, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Daniel G. Haller, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Greg Yothers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Sargent
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049451:Nomograms; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors