title: Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Decontamination in a Patient Room Using Feline Calicivirus and Murine Norovirus as Surrogate Markers for Human Norovirus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) could be used to decontaminate caliciviruses from surfaces in a patient room.
  
  
  METHODS
  Feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV) were used as surrogate viability markers to mimic the noncultivable human norovirus. Cell culture supernatants of FCV and MNV were dried in triplicate 35-mm wells of 6-well plastic plates. These plates were placed in various positions in a nonoccupied patient room that was subsequently exposed to HPV. Control plates were positioned in a similar room but were never exposed to HPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virucidal activity was measured in cell culture by reduction in 50% tissue culture infective dose titer for FCV and by both 50% tissue culture infective dose titer and plaque reduction for MNV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither viable FCV nor viable MNV could be detected in the test room after HPV treatment. At least 3.65 log reduction for FCV and at least 3.67 log reduction for MNV were found by 50% tissue culture infective dose. With plaque assay, measurable reduction for MNV was at least 2.85 log units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The successful inactivation of both surrogate viruses indicates that HPV could be a useful tool for surface decontamination of a patient room contaminated by norovirus. Hence nosocomial spread to subsequent patients can be avoided.
authors: 1Infectious Diseases Unit,Department of Clinical Sciences,Lund University,Skåne University Hospital SUS,Malmö,Sweden.
authors: Torsten
authors: T
authors: Holmdahl
authors: 2Medical Microbiology,Department of Laboratory Medicine,Lund University,Skåne University Hospital SUS,Malmö,Sweden.
authors: Mats
authors: M
authors: Walder
authors: 3Scandinavian Micro Biodevices,Farum,Denmark.
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Uzcátegui
authors: 1Infectious Diseases Unit,Department of Clinical Sciences,Lund University,Skåne University Hospital SUS,Malmö,Sweden.
authors: Inga
authors: I
authors: Odenholt
authors: 1Infectious Diseases Unit,Department of Clinical Sciences,Lund University,Skåne University Hospital SUS,Malmö,Sweden.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Lanbeck
authors: 4Department of Translational Medicine,Lund University,Malmö,Sweden.
authors: Patrik
authors: P
authors: Medstrand
authors: 4Department of Translational Medicine,Lund University,Malmö,Sweden.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Widell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000187:drug effects*; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D010362:Patients' Rooms / Q000592:standards; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide