title: Time spent sitting during and outside working hours in bus drivers: A pilot study.
abstract: This cross-sectional pilot study objectively measured sedentary and non-sedentary time in a sample of bus drivers from the East Midlands, United Kingdom. Participants wore an activPAL3 inclinometer for 7 days and completed a daily diary. Driver's blood pressure, heart rate, waist circumference and body composition were measured objectively at the outset. The proportions of time spent sedentary and non-sedentary were calculated during waking hours on workdays and non-workdays and during working-hours and non-working-hours on workdays. 28 (85% of those enrolled into the study) provided valid objective monitoring data (89.3% male, [median ± IQR] age: 45.2 ± 12.8 years, BMI 28.1 ± 5.8 kg/m(2)). A greater proportion of time was spent sitting on workdays than non-workdays (75% [724 ± 112 min/day] vs. 62% [528 ± 151 min/day]; p < 0.001), and during working-hours than non-working-hours (83% [417 ± 88 min/day] vs. 68% [307 ± 64 min/day]; p < 0.001) on workdays. Drivers spent less than 3% of their overall time stepping. Bus drivers accumulate high levels of sitting time during working-hours and outside working-hours. Interventions are urgently needed in this at-risk group, which should focus on reducing sitting and increasing movement during breaks and increasing physical activity during leisure time to improve cardiovascular health.
authors: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
authors: Veronica
authors: V
authors: Varela-Mato
authors: Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK; Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, UK.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Yates
authors: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Stensel
authors: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Stuart J H
authors: SJ
authors: Biddle
authors: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
authors: Stacy A
authors: SA
authors: Clemes
keywords: Bus drivers; Cardiovascular health; Occupational health; Physical activity; Sedentary behaviour