title: Role of autophagy in cadmium-induced apoptosis of primary rat osteoblasts.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that can damage many organs and the fetus. We previously reported that Cd induced apoptosis in primary rat osteoblasts (OBs). OB apoptosis induced by Cd will eventually lead to osteoporosis. In this study, a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach was investigated involving the regulation of autophagy to prevent Cd osteoporosis. The results showed that Cd treatment induced apoptosis in OBs, as demonstrated by the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and nuclear condensation. In addition, cells treated with Cd were observed to undergo autophagic cell death by monitoring the induction of the beclin 1, autophagy gene 5 (Atg5) and the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). The results indicated that promotion of apoptotic cell death by Cd is accompanied by induction of autophagy in OBs. Interestingly, Cd-mediated apoptotic cell death was suppressed by pretreatment with the autophagy activator rapamycin (RAP) and potentiated by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) or small interfering RNA against beclin 1. These findings suggest that the autophagic response plays a protective role that impedes eventual cell death. Activation of autophagy could therefore be an adjunctive strategy for treatment of Cd-induced osteoporosis.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Nannan
authors: N
authors: Dai
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Xu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Hongyan
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Pengpeng
authors: P
authors: Xia
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Jianhong
authors: J
authors: Gu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Xuezhong
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Jianchun
authors: J
authors: Bian
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Yuan
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Jiaqiao
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Zongping
authors: Z
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071186:Beclin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000071186:Beclin-1; C512829:Becn1 protein, rat; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D002104:Cadmium