title: Integrated biological and advanced oxidation based treatment of hexamine bearing wastewater: Effect of cow-dung as a co-substrate.
abstract: This work examines the treatment of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) bearing effluent from N, N-dinitroso pentamethylene tetra-mine producing industrial plants in India. Chemical treatment using Fenton's reagent and aerobic treatment using batch reactors with co-substrate were investigated. Aerobic batch reactors integrated with advanced oxidation process of Fenton's reagent provides effective treatment of HMT effluents. Influence of Fenton's reagent dose reaction/contact and effect of varying co-substrate with effluent initial concentration was observed. Higher dose 100 mL of Fenton's reagent with higher reaction time 20 h resulted better degradation (34.88%) of wastewater. HMT hydrolyzes in acidic environment to ammonia and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde under normal conditions is toxic for biological treatment processes. When hydrolysis and acidification in the reactors are accompanied by low pH, aerobic batch reactors with use of co-substrates glucose, sucrose, and cow-dung extract separately in different proportion to wastewater ranging from 0.67 to 4.00, degraded wastewater effectively. Higher proportion of co-substrate to wastewater resulted better degradation. The relationships between nitrate, pH, turbidity and COD are discussed.
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors: Mandeep Kumar
authors: MK
authors: Gupta
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: akmittal@civil.iitd.ac.in.
authors: Atul K
authors: AK
authors: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D002417:Cattle; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008372:Manure; D008709:Methenamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D008372:Manure; D008709:Methenamine; D012722:Sewage; D013395:Sucrose; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045076:Fenton's reagent
keywords: Aerobic batch reactor; Aerobic wastewater treatment; Biodegradation of hexamethylenetetramine; Co-substrate; HMT