title: Changes in heterosubtypic antibody responses during the first year of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic.
abstract: Seropositivity to avian influenza (AI) via low-level antibody titers has been reported in the general population and poultry-exposed individuals, raising the question whether these findings reflect true infection with AI or cross-reactivity. Here we investigated serological profiles against human and avian influenza viruses in the general population using a protein microarray platform. We hypothesized that higher antibody diversity across recent H1 and H3 influenza viruses would be associated with heterosubtypic reactivity to older pandemic- and AI viruses. We found significant heterogeneity in antibody profiles. Increased antibody diversity to seasonal influenza viruses was associated with low-level heterosubtypic antibodies to H9 and H7, but not to H5 AI virus. Individuals exposed to the recent 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic showed higher heterosubtypic reactivity. We show that there is a complex interplay between prior exposures to seasonal and recent pandemic influenza viruses and the development of heterosubtypic antibody reactivity to animal influenza viruses.
authors: Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Virology Department, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors: Gudrun S
authors: GS
authors: Freidl
authors: Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Henk-Jan
authors: HJ
authors: van den Ham
authors: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors: Maciej F
authors: MF
authors: Boni
authors: Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Virology Department, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: de Bruin
authors: Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Virology Department, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors: Marion P G
authors: MP
authors: Koopmans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001717:Birds; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G